Object of the present invention to provide a method of 4- carbonyloxy for preparing quinoline derivatives used as agricultural and horticultural insecticides or fungicides. There is provided a method of general formula (1) 4-quinoline derivatives of carbonyl group, in which the quinolone derivative with a halogen-containing compound or an acid anhydride in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst and a base.


When conducting a patient interview, it is crucial to understand the individuals' level of ID as well as their expressive language skills in order to communicate effectively. Review of intelligence testing and adaptive skill deficits is critical to achieve an understanding of dependency needs and how the patient navigates the community. It is important to note that most individuals with ID have better receptive than they do expressive language skills. Though they may have limited verbal skills, they typically still understand what is being said during the interview. Challenges in the Diagnostic Assessment of Psychiatric Disorders in Individuals with Intellectual Disability


It is a major goal of modern high education to improve extensive capabilities of students. This article proposed to improve students' capabilities by the direction of examination. In the teaching process of Foundation of Computer, we designed a solution of examination that is composed of multiple sub-items, and it stimulated students to train their various skills actively, and made a good effect.


INTRODUCTION
The therapy of cardiovascular diseases has improved rapidly over the past 20 years. The most commonly used medications in cardiac patients are drugs affecting potassium homeostasis in the kidneys or the gastrointestinal tract, particularly inhibitors of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis. They all can lead to hyperkalemia. This disorder may cause severe damage to the muscles and both the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical course of moderate and severe iatrogenic hiperkalemia in patients hospitalized for cardiovascular disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The present study analyzed a history of 26 patients with severe or moderate iatrogenic hyperkalemia, selected from among 5553 patients hospitalized in the years 2005-2006 in the Department of Clinical Cardiology of the Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Center, Kielce. They accounted for 0.46% of all patients treated at that time at the Ward.

RESULTS
The concentration of potassium on admission to hospital was > 6.0 mmol/l. Before admission all patients were treated in out-patient clinics with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, spironolactone, amiloride, triam-terene, beta-blockers, or potassium supplements administered in monotherapy or in combination. A mean age of patients was 79 years, most of them (80%) were women. The average blood potassium level was 7.3 mmol/l on admision and 5.1 mmol/l at discharge. Severe bradyarrhythmia and complete atrioventricular block requiring temporary pacing (n = 13) were observed in 21 patients (81%). Twenty-four patients (85%) had elevated levels of renal function parameters on admission. The average creatinine level on admission was 2.64 mg/dl, and 2.06 mg/dl on discharge. Ten (38%) out of 26 patients suffered from diabetes and 21 patients (81%) had arterial hypertension. Three out of 26 patients died in the hospital despite intensive therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Polypharmacy should be used with particular caution in subjects treated on the ambulatory basis. During administration of inhibitors of RAA system, particularly in elderly out patients, renal function and serum electrolytes should be appropriately monitored both prior to and during the treatment.


Higher plants could product secondary metabolites derived from primary metabolites to physiologically regulate metabolism,harmonize relationships between plant and environment and enhance resistance to stress of plant diseases and insect pests in response to exogenous factors during long evolution process.The paper summarized the advance on alter of secondary metabolites biosynthesis,change of Ca2+ cation concentration in different segments of plant cell and mechanism of active oxygen species eruption in plant cell induced by exogenous stimulus.It also addressed the regulation of plant secondary metabolites biosynthesis by phytohormones and the relationships between Ca2+ concentration and ROS eruption and phytohormones such as Jasmonic Acid,ethylene and salicylic acid et al.Signal transduction pathway of plant secondary metabolism is systematacially presumed in the paper that induced by exogenous stimulus.


Aim
To study the character, prevalence, and typological structure of atherosclerotic changes in major arteries by multislice computed tomography in patients with various metabolic disorders.

Material and Methods
Carotid arteries of 78 patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders were examined by multislice computed tomography.

Results
The study revealed various types of atherosclerotic plaques differing in the composition of lipid, lipid-fibrotic and calcium components. The latter were especially well expressed in diabetes.

Conclusion
All types of atherosclerotic plaques are roughly equally represented in the structure of atherosclerotic lesions of carotid arteries in patients with metabolic syndrome in the absence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients had vascular lesions with especially high density of atherosclerotic plaques.


{sup 230}U and its daughter nuclide {sup 226}Th are novel therapeutic nuclides for application in targeted {alpha} therapy of cancer. We investigated the feasibility of producing {sup 230}U/{sup 226}Th via deuteron irradiation of {sup 231}Pa according to the reaction {sup 231}Pa(d,3n){sup 230}U. The experimental excitation function for a deuteron-induced reaction on {sup 231}Pa is reported for the first time. Cross sections were measured using thin targets of {sup 231}Pa prepared by electrodeposition and {sup 230}U yields were analysed using {alpha} spectrometry. Beam energies were calculated from measured beam orbits and compared with the values obtained via monitor reactions on aluminium foils using high-resolution {gamma} spectrometry and IAEA recommended cross sections. Beam intensities were determined using a beam current integrator. The experimental cross sections are in excellent agreement with model calculations allowing for deuteron breakup using the EMPIRE 3 code. According to thick-target yields calculated from the experimental excitation function, the reaction {sup 231}Pa(d,3n){sup 230}U allows the production of {sup 230}U/{sup 226}Th at moderate levels.


In this article, we synthesized thermally exfoliated blistered graphene oxide (BGO) soft nano bundles from graphene oxide (GO) by a thermal heating method.


In addition to perfluoro-(2,4-dimethyl-3-oxa-2,4-diazapentane) the following products were formed from reactions between bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide and the acetylenes named in parentheses: perfluoro-[3,3-bis-(dimethylamino-oxy)butan-2-one], perfluoro-(3-dimethylamino-3-dimethylamino-oxybutan-2-one), and perfluorobiacetyl (from perfluorobut-2-yne); perfluorobenzil (from perfluorodiphenylacetylene); perfluoro-[2,2-bis(dimethylamino-oxy)propanoyl] fluoride, perfluoro-(2-dimethylamino-2-dimethylamino-oxypropanoyl) fluoride, and perfluoropyruvoyl fluoride (from perfluoropropyne); NN-bistrifluoromethylhydroxylamine and bis-(bistrifluoromethylamino-oxy)bistrifluoromethylamino-oxycarbonylmethane (from acetylene); and 3,3-bis-(bistrifluoromethylamino-oxy)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one and 3-bistrifluoromethylamino-3-bistrifluoromethylamino-oxy-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (from 1,1,1-trifluoropropyne). Possible mechanisms for these conversions are discussed. A thermal reaction of perfluorobut-2-yne with perfluoro-(2,4-dimethyl-3-oxa-2,4-diazapentane) gave perfluoro-(3-dimethylamino-3-dimethylamino-oxybutan-2-one).Treatment of bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide with glyoxal gave 1,2-bis(bistrifluoromethylamino-oxy)glyoxal, which was hydrolysed to oxalic acid and bistrifluoromethylhydroxylamine. Hydrolysis of perfluoro-[3,3-bis-(dimethylamino-oxy)butan-2-one] with aqueous sodium hydroxide gave trifluoroacetic acid.


Through a series of in-depth interviews asking individuals about their decisions to adopt special-needs companion animals, we discovered that a combination of anthropomorphism and empathy are at play when individuals decide to adopt them. This tendency is explained using David Blouin's typology of guardians: humanistic and protectionistic guardians anthropomorphized their companion animals, exhibited greater empathy, and were more willing to adopt animals with special needs.


The present study examined the rate decreasing effects of morphine and cocaine in an assay of schedule‐controlled responding in mice in which the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor had been reduced to approximately 5% (NR1 KD mice). Wild‐type littermates (NR1 WT) served as controls. Mice were initially trained on a fixed‐ratio 3 schedule of Ensure® presentation. Once criteria were met, mice were exposed to a multiple schedule of reinforcement with each cycle consisting of a 5 min timeout period followed by a 5 min response period. During the timeout period, stimulus lights were not illuminated and responding had no scheduled consequences. During the response period, stimulus lights were illuminated and mice could earn up to 10 reinforcers, at which point stimulus lights were turned off and responding had no scheduled consequences. The time it took to extinguish responding during the timeout period was measured. Extinction was defined as a decrease in response rates during the timeout period over 5 consecutive sessions below 0.1 responses/sec. Responding was extinguished in 8 days in NR1 WT mice; whereas responding was extinguished in 17 days in NR1 KD mice. After 20 sessions of multiple cycle training, the timeout period was increased to 10 min and drug testing began. Both morphine (0.32–10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and cocaine (3.2–56.0 mg/kg, i.p.) produced dose‐dependent decreases in rates of responding. A dose of 1.0 mg/kg morphine decreased rates of responding by 56% in the NR1 KO mice and increased rates of responding by 50% in the NR1 WT controls. Cocaine reduced rates of responding in a similar manner in both groups. These results suggest that the rate decreasing effects of morphine are different in NR1 KD mice and NR1 WT controls; however the rate decreasing effects of cocaine are similar in both groups.


The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) in the surface water bodies of Noorbagh (Srinagar) and Narkara (Budgam) situated in central Kashmir of Jammu and Kashmir by monitoring fifteen sampling points within each location. The surface water samples were subjected to comprehensive physico-chemical analysis involving major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K,), anions (HCO , CO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, PO4, B) besides general parameters (pH, EC and TDS). For calculating the WQI, nine parameters namely, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, and nitrate nitrogen were considered. SAR and boron values indicated that both Noorbagh and Narkara surface water bodies are excellent (S1) for irrigation, while electrical conductivity values classified that waters of both the locations fall under medium salinity (C2) category. Further, it is apparent from WQI values that surface water bodies of Noorbagh and Narkara belong to excellent water class with WQI values of 22.9 and 15.0 respectively.


The objective of this paper is to analyze trade potential versus actual realized trade among North African trading partners. Following the literature on production economics, we built a stochastic frontier gravity model. The underlying assumption is that all deviation from trade potential is not due to white noise but could also be due to inefficiencies. Time-variant country-specific trade efficiency estimates are obtained and analyzed. Our results indicate that Mauritania as a country of destination and of origin is where the trading relationship is the least efficient. Conversely, Tunisia, followed by Morocco, faces the fewest ObehindO and ObeyondO the border effects. Our analysis of market integration and trade efficiency at the disaggregated level indicates that trade efficiency scores exhibit high variability between the categories of products. Moreover, North African market integration is worst when considering the goods from the category OTextiles; Footwear & HeadgearO. Our estimates indicate that trade efficiency for agricultural products is relatively low indicating the existence of significant ObehindO and ObeyondO border inefficiencies. Our estimates also point at the presence of poor and counterproductive regulatory environment and underline the importance of improving domestic policies to encourage entrepreneurial development and business facilities. Our findings confirm the need for the North African countries to improve their trade logistics at the national level to enhance trade efficiency and to implement trade facilitation reform programs.


We propose Neural Responding Machine (NRM), a neural networ k-based response generator for Short-Text Conversation. NRM takes the general encoder-de coder framework: it formalizes the generation of response as a decoding process based on the lat ent representation of the input text, while both encoding and decoding are realized with recurren t n ural networks (RNN). The NRM is trained with a large amount of one-round conversation dat a collected from a microblogging service. Empirical study shows that NRM can generate gramma tically correct and content-wise appropriate responses to over 75% of the input text, outperf orming state-of-the-arts in the same setting, including retrieval-based and SMT-based models.


ELT in India is vivid and dynamic today. The total teaching paradigm has changed through spell by spell. In order to address the need for different teaching strategies, we must first realize there are different learning styles for different class students. Howard Gardner, the American Psychologist, was aware of this when he developed his remarkable theory of Multiple Intelligence. This article traces how Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory touches off a wave of educational innovation in a law classroom. Being an English Language teacher in a Law College, I find the basic concepts of MI theory conform to my interest in "individualized instruction" and "independent learning".


Aspect of the present invention includes a method for producing purified semiconductor or metallic material (such as silicon or titanium) is used. In one embodiment, the method comprising the particulate composition of the material (e.g., metal) with a metal halide to produce a mixed metal - metal halide mixture. Followed by heating the mixture in a vessel to a temperature above the melting point of the material, the temperature in the vessel is chemically stable and physically stable. The melted mixture into the underlying material layer and a metal halide, and cooled. The metal halide is then separated from the material, thus prepared and purified semiconductor or metallic material. Also provides purified crystalline material, which was obtained by these methods is shaped ingots and / or a cone, a sheet, or ribbon, as well as silicon and solar panels using these products.


This paper presents the results of experimental research on recycled concrete at early age and long term. It consists in studying the effect of the proportion of recycled gravel (RG) on shrinkage and cracking risk. Three mixtures were investigated to study the effect of substitution of natural gravel (NG) by the recycled gravel (0% RG, 30% RG and 100% RG). A stress/strength approach was used to quantify the risk of cracking at early age. It is based on experimentally assessed parameters. At long term ring tests were performed to assess the cracking sensitivity induced by drying shrinkage. At early age the results indicate RG affected the properties of the recycled concrete and increase the potential risk of cracking. At long term, the effect of substitution of the recycled gravel on drying shrinkage was not significant. However, the three concrete showed different cracking sensitivity, thus shrinkage-induced cracking was influenced by the evolution of stiffness and relaxation. Finally, compared to the conventional concrete recycled concrete showed higher cracking sensitivity at early age and long term, but the effect was not proportional to the proportion of recycled gravel. 30% RG actually showed higher cracking sensitivity than 100% RG.


In the last few years, we have witnessed an explosive growth of fake content on the Internet which has significantly affected the veracity of information on many social platforms. Much of this disruption has been caused by the proliferation of advanced machine and deep learning methods. In turn, social platforms have been using the same technological methods in order to detect fake content. However, there is understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these detection methods. In this article, we describe examples of machine and deep learning approaches that can be used to detect different types of fake content. We also discuss the characteristics and the potential for adversarial attacks on these methods that could reduce the accuracy of fake content detection. Finally, we identify and discuss some future research challenges in this area.


Abstract We report the first realization of a TwOGaSt, a trace water optical gas standard (OGS) based on direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (dTDLAS). The TwOGaSt (Trace water Optical Gas Standard) hygrometer is equipped with a fiber-coupled DFB-laser emitting at 1.37 µm, a 36 m multi-pass astigmatic Herriott gas cell and a room-temperature InGaAs photo detector. TwOGaSt is capable of directly measuring absolute H2O concentration without any previous calibration of the spectrometer with reference gas mixtures. Water vapour amount fraction (= concentration) results delivered by TwOGaSt covering the concentration range from 10 to 350 µmol/mol (µmol/mol = ppm) were demonstrated and showed an optimum precision of 0.023 µmol/mol at a time resolution of 2 s. Further, we demonstrate the first metrological validation of this new OGS for absolute "calibration free" trace H2O amount fraction measurements in N2 and air, by comparing it with the primary coulometric trace water standard (CSFG) of PTB. The TwOGaSt results were in excellent agreement with the CSFG, PTB's primary trace water vapor standard [1]. The relative standard uncertainty of the laser-hygrometer was determined to be is 1.2 %. This demonstrates that after SEALDH [2] and HAI [3], we now realized with TwOGaSt a laser-based, calibration-free, first-principles, optical gas standard (OGS) for the trace water vapor range, which is highly relevant for the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) i. e. below 100 µmol/mol down to 4 µmol/mol (the tropopause H2O minimum).


Apple stem pitting virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus and Apple stem grooving virus are economically important and common pathogens of pear and apple cultivars. All are symptomless in commercial pear and apple cultivars. Two multiplex RT-PCR methods with co-amplification of an internal control from a plant mRNA sequence were used to detect these three viruses simultaneously. The approaches, including what materials were to be selected and how to extract nucleic acids, were designed to improve detection efficiency. Detection assays, using bark chips of 1- or 2-year-old pear branches, could be performed both in the growing season and in dormant trees. A specific internal RNA control, which could be amplified from total nucleic acids, was co-amplified with the target viruses. Therefore, purified RNA as an amplification template was not necessary. Isolation of nucleic acids from bark chips was more successful than isolation from leaves. Three virus-specific primer pairs were designed to allow two multiplex RT-PCR amplifications accompanied by one pair of primers of the mitochondrial nad5 gene. Four amplification products including three viruses and an internal control were sequenced to prove the specificity of all primer pairs. By using a nad5 gene in mitochondrial mRNA of the apple as an internal control of co-amplification, these methods reduced the risk of false negative results that may occur with routine RT-PCR assays.


ANALYZING THE COMMON MISTAKES IN THE USE OF ENGLISH PREPOSITIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE 6TH GRADE ELEMENTARY STUDENTS OF REGINA PACIS SCHOOL JAKARTA


Surface micro-geometrical structure affect the mechanical property,optical property and manufacturing yield of optical component,so the quality control of optical component is ensured by measuring surface microtopography in special conditions.Workpiece surface is observed under a microscope whose lens is kept in focusing position.When the distinct defect of workpiece are found,Multiple focus images are gained through jiggling microscope up and down and the quality of workpiece is identified based on image processing.The paper put forward an image processing software based on Matlab in order to display 3D surface micro-topography by analyzing multiple focus images.


The main problems in conducting this research include 1) The ability of the students in analysing the question was less creative in answering; 2) the students learning activities were still low; 3) the students' interest and response were still low in the instruction. Those problems that had an impact on the instruction were not a success as individual and classical. Therefore, we need an innovative instruction model in enhancing the learning and teaching process, such as; SCL-based Learning Cycle model. This research was Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research was the students in the fifth semester in the Physics Education Department that consisted of 21 students. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the implementation of Learning Cycle 5E through SCL-based had improved students' creative thinking skills, lecturer's and students' activities in the teaching and learning process.


The present invention discloses a dry powder tile adhesive, which is composed of the following parts by weight of the raw material composition: Portland cement 500 parts of # 425, with more than 40 mesh grade 500 parts of dry sand, 2-3 parts hardening accelerator , 1-3 parts retaining agent, 3-5 parts of adhesive; said hardening accelerator is calcium formate; said water retaining agent is methylcellulose; said adhesive is a polyvinyl alcohol or a redispersible powder. Since the adhesive agent and retention effect of enhancing the adhesive strength when using the binder of the anti-sag properties and water retention performance is improved, so that the decorative facing tile stronger effect, perfectly solve the problem of shedding , and the thickness of the mortar around the bonded from the original 2cm, reduced to 3-4mm, saving large amounts of material, but also reduce the weight of the mortar is too thick to bring the building, but also reduce the labor intensity, so that the construction faster and more efficient.


Rice has been the most important staple food in everyday meals of Korean people for thousands of years. Nowadays, it is getting increasingly used as flour ingredients in a variety of processed foods, so that it is con- sumed in more diversified ways. As a consequence, production volume of rice flour to manufacture rice cakes, noo- dles, breads, or confectioneries is recently getting increased in Korea. But there are not sufficient research outcomes to guarantee Korean consumers microbiological qualities of rice flour as well as rice. As a preliminary experiment, therefore, the microbiological profiles (aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), spore-forming aerobic bacteria (SAB), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and molds (YM), and Escherichia coli and coliforms) have been monitored for nine retailed white rice samples in this study. AMB counts ranged 10 2 -1 0 6 CFU/g for all the nine white rice samples. All the nine rice samples have SAB counts within a narrow range (1.0 × 10 2 -2 .5× 10 3 CFU/g). LAB was detected in two white rice samples (4.0 × 10 2 and 3.7 × 10 3 CFU/g). YM was detected in one white rice sample (2.0 × 10 2 CFU/g) only. E. coli was not detected from all the nine samples. Coliforms were detected in one white rice sample (4.1 × 10 CFU/g) only. All the rice samples were conclusively considered to have various microorganisms, though most of them are harmless and some, such as coliforms, may be harmful.


36 Abstract— This paper described a hybrid methodology that can be deployed in the development of an intelligent critical sensitive system. To obtain this methodology, we interfaced the internationally accepted Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) and the Fuzzy Based Design paradigm. The SSADM was deployed for the systems study and preliminary design while the Fuzzy Based Design Methodology was deployed as the paradigm for an alternative design applied in developing both linear and non-linear systems for embedded control. The resulting methodology was successfully deployed to implement an intelligent traffic control system for a typical '+' in an Eastern Nigerian city. The work demonstrated that embedded systems required a hybrid methodology because in addition to the specialized design paradigm, there would be a need for a detailed study of the systems current operating environments


The detrimental effects of being unwanted at birth on the psychological and social development of children are confirmed in this Czechoslovakian study. 220 children of women who had twice had applications for abortion denied in the early 1960s were followed from birth through adolescence, and compared in their development to comparable children whose mothers had not applied for abortion. The study showed that after 16-18 years of family life, in comparison to the controls, the "unwanted" children had poorer and deteriorating school performance, and were rated by their mothers and teachers as less conscientious, more unstable and less sociable. They were more likely to drop out of school prematurely and to take relatively low status jobs. The boys in the study group suffered more than the girls, and frequently rated themselves as being neglected or rejected by their mothers.


Several techniques of soil stabilization are available to improve the behavior of many types of soil. The addition of cement to soils have proved a significant effect on the geotechnical properties of treated soils. In this study, an artificial clayey sand soil samples were prepared by mixing 20% kaolin clay of fine sand. Initially, compaction tests were conducted on soil mixture to study the effect of kaolin addition on maximum dry density, optimum moisture content of mixed soil at a relative density of 55%. The mixed soils were improved by cement. Then ,a series of unconfined compression tests were performed to clarify the performance of improved soil with different cement contents at the optimum water content of each cement content ,and the samples examined after two hours from preparation, and curing period of 7 days and 14 day. Results of compaction test indicate that adding kaolin increasing maximum dry density and moisture content. Tests results show that addition of cement to soil mixture increased stiffness and unconfined compression strength (UCS), and leading to a brittle behavior.


The strategic mission of the Association for Library Collections and Technical Services succinctly states that The ALCTS Division must continue to be on the forefront of recognizing and influencing these fundamental changes as envisioned in our strategic plan: ALCTS envisions an environment in which traditional library roles are evolving. New technologies are making information more fluid and raising expectations. The public needs quality information anytime, anyplace. ALCTS provides frameworks to meet these information needs. During 2002/2003, it was my distinct privilege to lead this vital and distinguished division of the American Library Association in meeting this challenging mission. As I mentioned in my first presidential column, we continue to face dynamic, challenging, and increasingly legalistic times within our profession. Our times are characterized by fundamental changes in the nature of our collections, acquisitions processes and policies, Web-based online catalogs and systems, and evolving bibliographic, authority, and preservation standards. These changes are deeply embedded in rapid technological advances and a difficult narrowing yet expanding marketplace. Furthermore, we are in a demanding transition where the traditional and the new must coexist. These fundamental changes impact not only how we conduct business, build online access tools, and preserve our collections but also on shifting staff needs to develop effective expertise and technical skills. Collectively we met these challenges and made extraordinary progress in carrying out our strategic goals and strategies. This annual report reflects the ALCTS division's many and diverse accomplishments as they relate to its six strategic goals: Standards, Best Practices, Education, Professional Development, Interaction and Information Exchange, and Association Operations. Standards and Best Practices (Goal #1 and #2) Standards development and best practices were essential program themes at the Annual Conference and included: * Don't Be Dysfunctional: How to Put FRBR in Your Future * Getting the Most Out of Subject References * ISBDs--Do We Still Need Them? * Metadata Harvesting * Options for Circulating and Reference Collections * Two Thumbs Up: Preservation Film Festival * Print and Electronic Approval Plans in the Twenty-First Century ALCTS remained highly involved in several issues related to the Library of Congress (LC) Action Plan's action items for bibliographic control of Web resources. Last year, the ALCTS board charged a task force to review the plan's "Bibliographic Control of Web Resources" and recommend action items suitable for ALCTS to develop in partnership with the Library of Congress. Karen Calhoun is serving as the task force chair. The task force appointed three subgroups to carry out the work of three identified action items (Task Force Report, March 23, 2003): * Library Information Science (LIS) Education (chaired by Beth Picknally Camden with Ingrid Hsieh-Yee serving as principal investigator)--prepare educators and trainers to teach metadata and cataloging. * Continuing Education (chaired by Carol Hixson)--prepare practitioners to do metadata and cataloging work. * Metadata Enrichment (chaired by Judith Ahronheim with Marcia Bates serving as principal investigator)--explore ways to enrich metadata records. During the Toronto meeting, the board approved ALCTS cosponsorship with Library of Congress, OCLC, and ALISE of a forum at the 2004 ALA Midwinter Meeting on preparing metadata and cataloging education and trainers. Also the board will invite Beacher Wiggins or John Byrum to attend its Midwinter Meeting to update the board on the progress that has been made on the LC Action Plan for Bibliographic Control of Web Resources. Education and Professional Development (Goal #3 and #4) Education and professional development successes abounded this year--virtually, physically, and within and outside conference venues. …


Time (also) flies from left to right... if it is needed! Andrea Flumini (email@example.com) Department of Psychology, University of Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40100 Bologna, Italy Julio Santiago (email@example.com) Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain Abstract The TIME IS SPACE metaphor consists in the use of a spatial mental time line (either left-right or front-back) to represent time. One of the issues still to be resolved is whether these space-time mappings can be automatically activated independently from the goals of the task. Prior attempts to settle this issue have failed to match adequately the temporally relevant and irrelevant tasks. In the present study we presented Spanish verbs and nonverbs conjugated in past and future forms in both a time judgment and a lexical decision task. Results showed that the left-right space-time mapping is only active when the task requires temporal discrimination, speaking against an automatic activation of the mental time line. Keywords: time; space; mental time line; automaticity; flexibility; embodied cognition; conceptual metaphor. Introduction As a response to the symbol grounding problem (Harnad, 1990), the Embodied and Grounded Cognition view (e.g., Barsalou, 1999; Gibbs, 2006; Lakoff & Johnson, 1987) suggests that abstract concepts need to be grounded on concrete domains (i.e., those more directly based on sensory-motor experiences) in order to gain meaning. Under this view, language processing elicits an embodied simulation which is carried on by the very same neural systems used by perception, emotion and action (Barsalou, 2008; Gallese, 2008; Glenberg & Gallese, 2011; Glenberg et al, 2008). When abstract concepts are referred to, such simulation follows the guide of stored mappings between abstract and concrete concepts. One line of support for this idea comes from empirical studies on the abstract domain of TIME, which seems to be grounded on the concrete domain of SPACE. Response time studies have reported interactions between the processing of the temporal reference of words and sentences and a variety of response mappings: lateralized key presses, forward-backward manual movements, vocal responses (e.g., Boroditsky, 2001; Ouellet et al, 2010b; Santiago et al, 2007; Sell & Kaschack, 2011; Torralbo et al, 2006; Ulrich & Maienborn, 2010; Ulrich et al, 2012). Space-time congruency effects are part of a wide family of studies that manipulate concrete and abstract dimensions in tasks that require elaborating and responding to aspects of the abstract dimension. In this context, modulations due to task-irrelevant concrete dimensions are often found on the processing of the abstract, task-relevant dimension. The resulting metaphoric congruency effect has been interpreted as the index of the use of underlying concrete representations to organize the abstract dimension, as i.e. in the SNARC effect (Dehaene et al, 1993). Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which has a longstanding support from linguistics and psychological studies (e.g., Boroditsky, 2000; Clark, 1973; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999; Nunez & Sweetser, 2006; Talmy, 2000), pointed out that our vocabulary about abstract concepts has concrete roots. But one of the most interesting consequences of the empirical findings on conceptual metaphors has been the discovery of the existence of metaphoric mappings not explicitly attested in language (for a review, see Santiago et al 2011). In the last years, the most studied example has been one TIME IS SPACE metaphor, which maps temporal reference onto the left-right horizontal spatial axis. In contrast to the mapping of time onto the front- back axis, which is explicitly attested in many languages (e.g., Sell & Kaschack, 2011; Torralbo et al, 2006; Ulrich et al, 2012), in his review of cross-linguistic space-time metaphors Radden (2004) observed a total lack of linguistic conventions directly referring in speech to a horizontal left-right time dimension. However, we are all used to conventional associations of time as flowing from left to right (or right to left) along a horizontal axis in written language, graphs, and in many types of graphic devices (e.g., comic strips, calendars, etc.). The interpretation of conceptual congruency effects as indexes of stable semantic memory mappings has been clearly contradicted by recent experimental results. There is evidence in the literature of different degrees of flexibility/automaticity depending on the abstract dimension studied, the task and materials used, the kind of mappings which are evaluated (Santiago et al, 2011). Nowadays, there seems to be a well-motivated support to the idea that conceptual congruency effects could be of a very contextual nature (e.g., Torralbo et al, 2006; Santiago et al, 2008; Santiago et al, 2012; Lakens et al, 2012). One of the strongest cases of automatic activation has been observed for the mapping of affective evaluation to front-back responses: participants are faster in responding to positive and negative items by pulling and pushing a lever, respectively (e.g., Chen & Bargh, 1999). This occurs not only when the decision is based on the valence of the stimuli, but also when performing a lexical decision task (Wentura et al, 2000) and even a stimulus detection task (Chen & Bargh, 1999), which minimize the task- relevance of the evaluative dimension. In contrast, space-


It has been known for hundreds of years that herbal preparations of the leaves, bark, wood and husks of the walnut plant provide relief from bacterial and fungal diseases of the skin. However, the therapeutic agent, juglone, was not isolated until 1856 by Vogel and Reischauer [1]. Once it was isolated, studies began on juglone and its derivatives and a large number of therapeutic affects were discovered [2]. Today we know a lot about juglone, including its allelopathic activity and its cytotoxicity to plant, microbial, aquatic and mammalian life. Because of these properties, juglone is a versatile building block for the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as Urdamycinone B [3] and Frenolicin B [4]. However, a sufficient and especially a sustainable method for its synthesis has not yet been discovered. Existing methods include the chemical oxidation of naphthols. In particular, current methods use inorganic oxidants such as active manganese dioxide (MnO2) [5], sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) [6], and thallium trinitrate (TTN) [7]. Periodic acid (HIO4) has also been used [8]. In most of these cases the yield has been low with the exception of that using TTN (yield ∼64%). However, despite the relatively low yields another more serious problem still remains. The reagents required are themselves highly toxic to the environment and the side products produced can also be extremely toxic. The following procedure has been researched in an effort to produce juglone via an environmentally friendly process. Juglone can be synthesized in good yield without the use or production of environmentally toxic chemicals if visible light and a common sensitizer (Rose Bengal) are used.


Vitamin D was originally discovered nearly a century ago as a factor in butterfat that prevented rickets (McCollum et al., 1922). In the years to follow it was also found to be synthesized in the skin exposed to sunlight and to be critically involved in calcium homeostasis. The role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis initiated research on its use for milk fever prevention in dairy cattle, and that research has largely contributed to the minimization of milk fever (Horst et al., 2005). The solution for milk fever, however, was not simply to ensure dairy cattle were supplied with sufficient vitamin D. The reason being, vitamin D itself does not have biological activity. It must first be metabolized in the animal to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and the 1,25(OH)2D3 then activates a receptor within the cell that controls gene expression (Haussler et al., 2013). Knowledge of how vitamin D metabolism is regulated and how it affected physiological functions was key to the solution of milk fever (Horst et al., 2005). Likewise, understanding the dynamics of the vitamin D pathway is critical for solving the issue of subclinical hypocalcemia that is still prevalent in dairy herds today.


Macromolecular integrity of egg yolk lipoproteins is an essential prerequisite towards retaining cake quality of Madeira cakes and fatless sponges. In Madeira cakes, the low density lipoprotein of yolk is the major determinant of yolk function. In fatless sponge-cake making, it assists aeration and foaming. The high density yolk lipoprotein inhibits aeration but helps to retain air whipped in by other egg constituents. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of possible modes of action of lipoproteins during cake making.


Summary
The purpose of this research was to determine the role of recollection rejection in the rejection of misinformation. In Experiment 1, we examined the use of recollection rejection to reject contradictory and additive misinformation. We measured recollection rejection by comparing misinformation acceptance rates, graphing confidence-accuracy data using phantom receiver operating characteristic curves, examining high confidence rejections of misinformation, and examining self-report responses. These measures converged on the finding that participants used recollection rejection to reject both types of misinformation but used recollection rejection more on contradictory misinformation. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the delay between the event and misinformation and between misinformation and test. The length of both of these delays affected misinformation acceptance. Participants were more likely to use recollection rejection to reject contradictory misinformation after a short delay before encountering misinformation. Overall these findings indicate that people can spontaneously induce recollection rejection to reject misinformation and prevent false memories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To investigate the relationship between psychological stress of pregnancy and miscarriage,to explore the causes for stress so as to provide evidence for health care.Methods A total of 534 miscarriage women and normal early pregnancy women?were surveyed with self-prepared questionnaire.Results The stress level of miscarriage women was 24.01±5.84,higher than that of the normal early pregnancy women group,which was 20.95±6.74(P0.01).The level of stress caused by pregnancy symptom,offspring health,parents'role identity,family relationship,social relationship and career in miscarriage women was higher than that of the normal early pregnancy women.The stress was the risk factor of miscarriage(β=0.02,P0.05).The factor of pregnancy symptom was the most significant cause for stress(β=1.12,P0.01).Meanwhile,miscarriage would increase the stress level(β=3.81,P0.01).Conclusion Miscarriage women's stress level was higher than the normal early pregnancy women's.Miscarriage would increase the stress level,and higher stress would induce miscarriage.The factor of pregnancy symptom and offspring health were the main causes for stress.


After radiotherapy and chemotherapy for treatment of a brain tumor, hyperpigmentation occured in a Caucasian man. Ultrastructural examination of the hyperpigmented skin revealed melanocytes often very prominent and extending down into the papillary dermis. These melanocytes seemed to be increased in number and contained large cytoplasmic lipidic vacuoles. Most striking was the prominent alteration in melanosome distribution within the keratinocytes. The melanosomes were mainly nonaggregated, as in negroids and were no longer arranged in membrane‐bound groups, as is usually found in Caucasian skin. Most melanosomes were completely melanized and their greatest length was 0.65 μ. An increase in the number of melanosomes was apparent. The present study shows that the basis for this hyperpigmentation is in part similar to that of UVL plus psoralen or topical application of nitrogen mustard, in that melanosomes in Caucasians remain un‐aggregated in the keratinocyte.


The major components of the Escherichia coli DNA replication machinery have been identified and largely characterized (Kornberg and Baker, 1992, DNA Replication). However, many questions concerning the cell cycle regulation of initiation at the origin of replication (oriC ) remain unanswered. In particular, it is not clear whether co-ordinated expression of genes involved in DNA replication directly contributes to synchronous initiation at oriC. DnaA, the initiator, is the key protein involved in initiation of DNA replication. The expression of the dnaA gene has been studied extensively, and several models for DnaA controlled initiation of replication have been proposed (see Herrick et al., 1996, Mol Microbiol 19: 659–666, and references therein). In these models, tight control of dnaA transcription was postulated to be the determinant for firing of the origins at precise time intervals, once per division cycle. The dnaA regulatory region consists of two promoters (dnaA1P, dnaA2P ) and a DnaA box (binding site for DnaA protein) located roughly midway between the promoters. In vivo and in vitro studies suggested that the expression of DnaA is autoregulated. It was reasonable to assume that DnaA regulates its own synthesis by binding to the DnaA box in the promoter region. However, mutations introduced into the DnaA box did not have the expected effect of dnaA derepression (Polaczek and Wright, 1990, New Biol 2: 564–582; Smith et al., 1997, Mol Microbiol 23:1303–1315). Furthermore, a mutant variant of this box was introduced into the chromosome with no apparent effects on cell growth or initiation synchrony (Smith et al., 1997, Mol Microbiol 23:1303–1315). The role of this DnaA box remains unclear. Many proteins involved in initiation of replication at E. coli oriC appear to have binding sites in the dnaA promoter region. IciA and Fis have been shown to bind at the dnaA promoter region in vitro (Lee et al., 1996, Mol Microbiol 19: 389–396; Froelich et al., 1996, J Bacteriol 178: 6006– 6012). Mutations in IciA or Fis have only modest effects on DnaA transcript/protein levels. In addition, no defects on chromosomal initiation synchrony were detected in an IciA null mutant (Lee et al., 1996, ibid.). Fis protein has a highly degenerate consensus recognition sequence and IciA binds to AT-rich regions with no apparent consensus sequence. Therefore, the observed binding of Fis and IciA may be a consequence of their relaxed sequence recognition and have limited regulatory implications. A putative IHF site, identical to a site in oriC with respect to conserved bases (CAGnnnnTTGATC), was identified in the dnaA promoter region (Polaczek, 1990, New Biol 2: 265– 271). Despite this striking homology, IHF does not bind to this site. Binding of IHF is determined both by the recognition sequence and by the local DNA structure (Rice et al., 1996, Cell 87: 1295–1306.). Therefore, the IHF site in the dnaA promoter region may be non-functional because of unfavourable DNA structure. The dnaA regulatory region also contains GATC sites, and the dnaA gene is regulated at the level of methylation in that Dam methylation moderately stimulates dnaA gene expression (Braun and Wright, 1986, Mol Gen Genet 202: 246–250) and hemimethylation inactivates the gene (Campbell and Kleckner, 1990, Cell 62: 967–979). The latter may suggest the involvement of SeqA, a protein shown to bind to hemimethylated oriC sequences, in dnaA regulation (Slater et al., 1995, Cell 82: 927–936). A twofold increase in the level of DnaA protein was found in seqA mutants (von Freiesleben et al., 1994, Mol Microbiol 14: 763–772). In summary, the expression of the DnaA protein does not appear to be tightly regulated at the level of transcription. Lack of complex transcriptional regulation of dnaA may not be surprising given that an increase in transcription of dnaA does not necessarily lead to increased protein levels, suggesting translational control (Polaczek and Wright, 1990, New Biol 2: 564–582). Also, DnaA protein exists in the cells in ADPand ATP-bound forms, the ATP form being active in initiation of replication (Sekimuzu et al., 1987, Cell 50: 259–265), suggesting further posttranslational regulation. Yoshikawa and Ogasawara (1991, Mol Microbiol 5: 2589–2597) have proposed that the dnaA regulatory region in E. coli was part of an ancestral origin of replication that lost the function of an origin through the deletion of all but one of the DnaA boxes. They further argue that this region lost all the characteristics of an origin, except for autogenous regulation of the dnaA gene. We agree that the dnaA locus has indeed lost the function of an origin, but we propose that it retains most of the signatures of a canonical prokaryotic replicator. It looks increasingly plausible that the regulatory sequences within and surrounding the dnaA promoters constitute an evolutionary fossil of no significant physiological relevance. Molecular Microbiology (1998) 27(5), 1089–1090


The East Sea including the area of this study is identified as a typical back-arc sea located in the backside of the Circum-Pacific volcanic and earthquake belt. Previous studies reported that the East Sea has begun to open by tensile force and formed its current shape. In this study, we investigate the regional tectonic structure of the East Sea using ship-borne gravity, magnetic, and satellite gravity data. The result of three-dimensional depth inversion shows that Moho depth of the study area is approximately 13-25km and inversely proportional to the thickness of the crust. In addition, as approaching to the center of the Ulleung Basin (UB), the thickness of the crust of the UB becomes thinner due to the extension caused by tensile force which had opened the East Sea.


For information about the progress of the Mental Health Service it is now necessary to consult two Reports published by the Ministry of Health viz. Part II which is the Annual Report of the Ministry's Chief Medical Officer, published under the title "On the State of the Public Health", and Part I comprising reports on the National Health Service and on "Welfare, Food & Drugs, and Civil Defence". This makes it more difficult to get a clear impression of the present position so we are attempting to summarise here the facts and figures most likely to be of interest, on the assumption that few readers will have access to both the Reports or will wish to spend eleven shillings on buying them from H.M. Stationery Office.


From the perspective of entrepreneurship development efforts, entrepreneurship in fish farming sector is a neglected issue. Presently, major thrust is given by the Government of India as well as the Government of Assam on the fisheries sector where by the sustainable growth in agricultural output as a whole may be achieved. In the present scenario fish farming in Assam is a tradition rather than commerce; however it is expected that in coming years it will be a major economic activity. As such, the need is to bring to the front the fishery industry of Assam with a broader marketing concept and related entrepreneurial skills. The District Cachar of Assam has immense fisheries potential. Considering the wide market demand of fish within the district that provide an immense opportunity to the fish producers, efforts are being made in this study to dig out the entrepreneurial Challenges.


Automatized transport by throwing and catching offers a number of advantages over traditional transportation techniques, especially in terms of reconfiguration time and flexibility in general. State of the art approaches dealing with this topic focus on catching of the object without consideration of the impact forces on the object. Here a strategy for minimizing the forces during catching and the related simulation results are presented.


The patient was a 27-year-old man. He first became aware of difficulty and awkwardness in moving his mouth on February 25, 1977 and on the following day he was seen by one of us, who diagnosed him as left-sided facial paralysis and treated him with prednisolone and other medication. When he visited us on referral at the Department of Otolaryngology of Hamanomachi Hospital on February 28, his face was found to be paralyzed on both sides. He was quite unaware of extension of the paralysis to the other side of his face. At the onset of disease he was in a rather poor physical condition associated with fatigue, insufficiency of sleep and symptoms of common cold. About one month of hospital treatment mainly with orally administered adrenocortical hormones and stellate ganglion block brought about complete cure of the paralysis bilaterally. Recovery began earlier on the right side than on the left. In view of a suspected abnormality of sugar metabolism glucose tolerance test was performed but yielded a negative result. None of clinical and laboratory tests done concurrently revealed any noticeable abnormalities. By ruling out possibilities that have to be considered in differential diagnosis, a diagnosis of bilateral Bell's palsy was arrived at. There are two distinct types or varieties of bilateral Bell's palsy, simultaneous and non-simultaneous. A review of cases reported so far reveals that there are considerable differences between these two types in clinical features. Firstly, the simultaneous types, in the vast majority of cases thus far available, had a favorable prognosis whereas in most cases of the nonsimultaneous type the paralysis was not cured. Secondly, whereas paralysis occurred in 2 or more repeated episodes in a good proportion of cases of the non-simultaneous type, even a single instance of such recurrence of paralysis was not reported with the simultaneous type. These facts suggest that there might exist a substantial difference between these two types of bilateral Bell's palsy in underlying pathology. It was felt more reasonable therefore to designate the simultaneous type as bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy so that it might be sharply distinguished from its counterpart, and this designation was proposed. Also it seems appropriate to label those cases as "simultaneous" in which the time interval between the onset of paralysis on one side and that on the other side is less than 14 days.


The report gives results of field measurements of 18 coal stoker-fired boilers including spreader stokers, mass-fired overfeed stokers, and mass-fired underfeed stokers. The test variables included stoker design, heat release rate, excess air, coal analysis and sizing, overfire air, and flyash reinjection. Measurements included O/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, CO, NO, NO/sub 2/, SO/sub 2/, SO/sub 3/, gaseous hydrocarbons, uncontrolled and controlled particulate mass loading, particle size distribution of the flyash, combustible content of ash, sulfur retention in the ash, and boiler efficiency. Particulate loading is shown to be largely dependent on stoker type and degree of flyash reinjection. It increases with heat release rate, but can be controlled with proper use of overfire air in many cases. Nitric oxide increases with excess air and grate heat release rate. These relationships are defined in the report. Overfire air, as it exists in current boiler designs, does not affect NOx. The report also addresses other relationships between operating variables and measured emissions and efficiency. A separate data supplement is available.


One of the applications of nano-robots is the automatic nano-manipulation process. The experimental results indicate that nano-manipulations that are performed in a long time span are not very precise, and often the existence of different error sources, including the tip damage, causes these results to deviate from the intended outcome. In this article, by focusing on the phenomenon of tip damage in the automatic manipulation mechanism, a shape-feedback controller has been introduced to decrease the positioning errors. For this purpose, the tip's root mean squares (RMS) changes have been calculated to use as a criterion of deformation level of tip and particle. Presented shape-feedback controller is a simple and reliable procedure for a more accurate nano-manipulation. At the end, some comparisons are provided for RMS and positioning errors with and without shape-feedback. These comparisons show the applicability and potential of present approach as a controller in automatic nano-manipulation process. Decreasing the positioning errors from 37.77% to 17.77% is the most significant result of this paper.


The calibration of a nonlinear vectorial microwave network analyzer (NVNA) used for continuous wave measurements (moderate number of frequency components) is extended for pulsed RF measurements (very large number of frequency components). The new calibration is based on the combination of the regular RF calibration with a separate IF calibration. Experimental results in pulsed regime are compared with results from a pulsed RF vectorial network analyzer (VNA).


Demand for communication of multimedia data through the telecommunications network and Internet is growing exponentially. Significant portion of the multimedia data consists of images and they occupy the major portion of the communication bandwidth. The digitization of medical image information is a prime concern for the medical community. In this scenario, compression is an essential component for creating file sizes of manageable and transmittable dimensions. Image compression is nothing but decreasing the size of bytes of the file it can allows the user to store a huge amount of information within a static memory. This paper discusses an innovative proposed compression process to do lossy image compression by using clustering techniques such as K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means and Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). The main objective is to compress the image where it is compressed to a reasonable size as well as preserving the quality of an image. The method segments the image using clustering techniques. The segmented image is encoded with various encoding techniques like Bit-Plane slicing, LZW coding, and Huffman coding. The enactment of proposed hybrid techniques are compared in terms of enactment parameters such as PSNR, MSE, SSIM and compression Ratio, and the results shows that the proposed technique is useful in Bio medical applications.


Metal complex azo dyes (MCADs) are one of an important class of azo dyes, which include chromium, cobalt, nickel and copper complexed with azo ligands (Ghosh et al., 2014; Hunger, 2003). These dyes are often used in wool and nylon industries with simultaneous generation of highly coloured effluents that cause environmental damages along with adverse effects on various life forms. Thus, it needs suitable treatment prior to their disposal. Conventional treatment techniques have high capital and operating costs as well as they results in incomplete removal of pollutant compounds of dyes (Ghosh and Das, 2012 ; Chen et al., 2015).


This paper discusses certain classes of uniform random number generators which have been studied and better understood in the recent few years. Most of the attention is devoted to combined generators. We also mention others and point out some pitfalls. Combination is a good way to obtain fast and reliable generators, but the structural properties of the combined generator should be carefully examined before it could be recommended. Nonlinear generators offer some promise, but still require deeper investigation before specific instances can be safely recommended.


The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a multi-directional drilling device. The multi-directional drilling device comprises a clamp body, a rear side drilling drill bush, a lower circular arc surface drilling drill bush, a pressing block, a plane positioning block and an upper surface drilling drill bush; the clamp body is a box; and the rear side drilling drill bush, the pressing block and the plane positioning block are positioned on a bottom plate of the clamp body. A part is wholly positioned, supported and fixed by using the clamp body which has a box shape as a main body for supporting the part, and combining the pressing block and the plane positioning block, so that the stability and reliability of the part placement is guaranteed and the processing accuracy and the quality of a product are improved.


Knowledge modelling gives the intention of knowledge engineering which is applicable for managing information systems. Tacit knowledge is the key issue of knowledge modelling aspect because all knowledge is rooted in tacit knowledge. In recognizing knowledge as a new resource in gaining organizational competitiveness, knowledge management suggests a method in managing and applying knowledge for improving organizational performance. Much knowledge management research has focused on identifying, storing, and disseminating process related knowledge in an organized manner. Applying knowledge to decision making has a significant impact on organizational performance than solely processing transactions for knowledge management. This paper presents a research that incorporates modelling of tacit knowledge for strategic decision-making. Here we have used fuzzy expert system for developing an approach for modelling tacit knowledge. We primarily used fuzzy logic together with statistical technique of principal component analysis as techniques for modelling tacit domains. Tacit knowledge in Ayurvedic sub-domain of individual classification has been acquired through a questionnaire and analysed to identify the dependencies, which lead to make tacit knowledge in the particular domain. It has shown 77% accuracy in using the tacit knowledge for reasoning in the relevant domain. Keywords: Fuzzy Expert System, Tacit Knowledge, Principal Component Analysis, and Strategic Decision-making, Ayurvedic Medicine For full Paper: firstname.lastname@example.com


Despite the recognized benefits of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, uptake is still suboptimal in many countries. In addressing this issue, one important element that has not received sufficient attention is population preference. Our review provides a comprehensive summary of the up-to-date evidence relative to this topic. Four OVID databases were searched: Ovid MEDLINE® ALL, Biological Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, and Global Health. Among the 742 articles generated, 154 full texts were selected for a more thorough evaluation based on predefined inclusion criteria. Finally, 83 studies were included in our review. The general population preferred either colonoscopy as the most accurate test, or fecal occult blood test (FOBT) as the least invasive for CRC screening. The emerging blood test (SEPT9) and capsule colonoscopy (nanopill), with the potential to overcome the pitfalls of the available techniques, were also favored. Gender, age, race, screening experience, education and beliefs, the perceived risk of CRC, insurance, and health status influence one's test preference. To improve uptake, CRC screening programs should consider offering test alternatives and tailoring the content and delivery of screening information to the public's preferences. Other logistical measures in terms of the types of bowel preparation, gender of endoscopist, stool collection device, and reward for participants can also be useful.


Purpose. To make an assessment of the alfalfa selective material according to the intensity of the nodule-forming process and find the correlation with nitrogenase activity. Identify the best genotypes for use in practical breeding. Methods. Vegetative, statistical. Results. Conventional varieties of alfalfa according to the number and size of root nodules were analyzed. The variations in the number of nodules were described. In selections, the amount of medium and large nodules (1 mm and bigger in size) increases and the bacterial mass increases too in comparison with the initial forms. Inoculated plants formed 7.6–44.5% more nodules, in comparison to the reference group. Varieties differ in the number of formed nodules of 1 mm and bigger in size with a variation from 19.3 to 82.9%. The nodules on the root system have specific locations. Interest for further selection related to populations: 'Unitro', 'Dobir № 3 – Spr. 2', 'Dobir № 5 – Кs.-2007', which formed 81.2–99.4% of medium and large nodules and 22.7–27.3% of them were located on the main root. The intensity of the nodule-forming process is determined by the degree of root system development. With the increasing of the root system power, the more nodules are formed on it. The level of nitragenase activity depends on the developmental capacity of the alfalfa root system, total number of nodules in sizes of 1–2 mm and > 2 mm. Conclusions. It is established that the size of the symbiotic apparatus depends not only on the number of nodules, but on its mass too. The intensity of the nodule-forming process is determined by the capacity of the root system. With the increase in the volume of the root system, as a result, more nodules are formed. High correlation coefficients were found between the level of nitrogenase activity, the root system thickness and the total number of nodules on alfalfa plants, including fractions 1–2 mm, > 2 mm.


The relationship established through online channels between customers and organizations defines a new and challenging scenario. Within a digital environment and through innovation strategies based on joint participation, it is possible to interact with the customer in a more personalized way with more differentiating actions. To identify the relevance of current online business management actions, this chapter proposes an approximation to the term open innovation. Authors posit the growing relevance for organizations of the application of innovation strategies through external inputs, the interaction between various agents and crowdsourcing actions. They discuss the new role of the consumers as co-creating agents of value in the new ecosystems of entrepreneurship.


Objective To study the development of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) immunoreactive cells in the central nervous system(CNS)of E8 P300 rats. Methods The changes of CTGF immunoreactive cell in CNS of E8-P300 rats in different developmental stages were detected by immunocytochemical method. Results No CTGF immunoreactive cells were detected in the CNS of rats during prenatal development. A few of positive cells were found at the early postnatal stage. However, the positive cells were increased gradually later on and were widely distributed in CNS of rats during P30 P60, and the number of positive cells was largest at this stage. After then, the number and staining intensity of CTGF positive cells were decreased gradually with age. The positive cells were the astrocytes, ependymal cells in white matter of spinal cord and the neurons mainly locating in cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. CTGF positive cells usually with long processed and the process showed stronger positive signal. Conclusion The results indicate CTGF may play an important role in the development, differentiation and function of CNS.


The paper considers the case of Raffles Hotel in Singapore which has been the subject of a conservation project with a significant element of redevelopment. The circumstances are discussed within the context of heritage tourism in colonial cities and changing approaches to conservation in Singapore. Built colonial heritage exhibits a symbolism which affects how it is presented and interpreted, serving as a tool for nation building and as a tourist attraction. Policies about conservation and use are influenced by these alternative and often contested meanings, while economic imperatives may demand that buildings generate revenue. Raffles Hotel illustrates the difficulties involved in managing and marketing colonial heritage and securing an acceptable balance between commercial and conservation objectives, with possibilities for confusion as a consequence of the combination of restoration, reconstruction and new building techniques employed.The case has a wider relevance which extends to other forms of built heritage around the world and highlights the dilemmas facing those making decisions about how to present the conserved past as a contemporary tourist space.


ly and the general ability to learn and adapt to the environment. The identification of different intelligences was specific to the kind of information from which they operated. For instance, verbal-propositional intelligence was concerned with vocabulary and text and perceptual-organization intelligence focused on concepts such as patterns, puzzles and missing parts. The social, practical, and personal classes of intelligence included EI. EI must meet three criteria to be considered a standard intelligence: "(a) it must be operationalized as a mental ability, (b) it must meet correlation criterion that indicate it is a unitary ability that represents a new kind of performance relative to earlier measures of intelligence and other personality dispositions, and (c) it must exhibit growth with age" (Mayer et al. 2004, p. 209). On the basis of the Multifactor EI Scale (MEIS; Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey, 1999), and other findings, Mayer et al. (2001) argued EI met the three criteria. Researchers and philosophers argued whether EI had any value or was the latest in a long line of psychological fads (Matthews et al., 2004). Some questioned the concept of EI as a separate intelligence and as a predictor for social sensitivity, academic achievement, and general well being (Barchard, 2003; Matthews et al., 2004; & Waterhouse, 2006). Davies et al. (1998) assessed both standard intelligence and personality in three studies of EI. The purpose of the studies were (a) to examine the empirical status of both self-report and objective indexes, (b) to determine the relation of EI measures to standard


Several face recognition algorithms have been proposedin the last decade which provide a biometric authentication process for various utilities. In the present work, a novel algorithm for face verification considering both lightening and shape information for representing the face images, has been presented. In this approach, the region of interest in face is first divided into 8x8 regionfrom which Uniform Mean Local Binary Pattern (UMLBP) histograms are extracted and concatenated into asingle histogram with enhanced feature efficiently representing the face. The matching is done using a K nearest neighbor classifier with minimum error based similarity measure. A number of performed trials reveal that the given approach is better overall considered methods (basic LBP, MLBP and ULBP methods). All experiments have been performed on ORL database which include evaluating the efficacy of the approach over different face angles, illumination and rotation of the query image. Testing was performed using 10 cross validation scheme and average results have been considered. Recognition rate has been recorded as 90 percent on 3 face training of single person and 99 percent on 9 face training of single person. The proposed method also allows for the fast feature extraction and testing for a given platform using OPENCV.


Two kinds of specimens, with the major phase of Sr3Co2Fe24O41 (Sr3Co2Z) and SrCo2Fe16O27 (SrCo2W) hexaferrites respectively, were fabricated through solid-state reaction. The phase composition, magnetic and dielectric properties, and magnetodielectric (MD) effect were studied. Results show that magnetic and dielectric anomalies are induced by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) transition. They can be considered as characteristic properties (e.g., Sr3Co2Z at 370 K) but are not a sufficient condition for the magnetic and dielectric coupling. The T-block structure, existing in Sr3Co2Z but absent in SrCo2W, results in the dielectric response with ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic contributions.


We read with interest the article published by Lipton et al. The authors established in their article that zoledronic acid demonstrated significant clinical benefit in patients with bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In particular, they retrospectively analyzed 74 patients with RCC who were enrolled in a Phase III study of zoledronic acid therapy for patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. In RCC patients, zoledronic acid was found to significantly reduce the percentage of patients who developed skeletal events. The benefit of zoledronic acid in patients with RCC was demonstrated in the median time to the first skeletal event and the median time to the first pathologic fracture, both of which were note to have increased significantly in patients who were treated with zoledronic acid. We found these results very interesting but were not surprised by them. RCC has been an attractive target for clinical trials of angiogenesis inhibitors because it is a highly vascular tumor and is known to produce proangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the biology of RCC appears to be extremely intricate, because some angiogenesis inhibitors are produced by the tumors themselves. Recently, we published our results concerning the antiangiogenic properties of zoledronic acid in patients with bone metastases. We prospectively collected blood samples from patients with bone metastases who were treated with zoledronic acid. The analysis demonstrated a statistically significant decrease, compared with basal values, in VEGF levels at 1 day, 2 days, 7 days, and 21 days after zoledronic acid infusion. Moreover, it was able to also induce a significant, although transient, decrease of serum platelet-derived growth factor levels. To our knowledge, the biologic mechanism of action of bisphosphonates on the angiogenesis network is not clearly understood but we can surmise that zoledronic acid and other bisphosphonates may activate several antiangiogenic cytokine patterns and cascades, as demonstrated by clinical and preclinical studies. All these findings suggest that the evident effect of zoledronic acid on bone progression in RCC patients most likely should be related to the antiangiogenic properties of these drugs. Moreover, in the article by Lipton et al., the median overall survival demonstrated a trend toward favoring zoledronic acid, even if the difference did not achieve statistical significance compared with placebo, most likely because of the small number of patients evaluated. In addition, these findings confirm the antineoplastic properties 1987


The Ultimo Power Station provided electric power for the first Sydney trams which were serviced and maintained in the Ultimo Tram Depot. They were thus among the most innovative and socially significant engineering works in Australia at the time. Refurbished and with additions, they have become the Powerhouse Museum, a major centre for the restoration, storage and display of important objects from our engineering heritage. Many of these objects deteriorate slowly but surely in the presence of atmospheric pollutants and fluctuations of ambient relative humidity. Air conditioning systems in the building assist with object preservation by providing, 'around the clock', a high standard of particulate filtration, removal of corrosive contaminants and control of relative humidity to a tolerance of 5%. Energy conservation is therefore of importance. Refrigeration plant utilises water chillers to reclaim waste heat from the building. Seawater conduits which connected the turbine hall to Darling Harbour when the building was used as a power station are now used as a sink for excess heat and a source for supplementary heat when required.


We show that firms' use of derivatives is negatively associated with stock mispricing. This result is consistent with the notion that hedging improves the transparency and predictability of firms' cash flows resulting in less misvaluation. Furthermore, we show that the negative relationship between mispricing and hedging is particularly strong when market value is below fundamental value, which is consistent with prior evidence that hedging has a positive impact on firm valuation. Finally, we provide evidence that a "spread-out" hedging policy that entails the use of a variety of derivative contracts can be more effective in reducing mispricing. Copyright (c) 2010, The Eastern Finance Association.


The differential spectral responsivity (DSR) measurement and the solar simulator based current to voltage characterisation methods are two accurate methods for measuring the short circuit current, a critical parameter, of a solar cell under standard testing conditions. For the calibration of World Photovoltaic Scale (WPVS) reference solar cell with small size (20 mm x 20 mm), the measurement results using these two methods are agreed well within 1%. But for the calibration of large size (e.g. 156 mm x 156 mm) of solar cell, the measurement results using two methods are not agreed well and their deviation could be more than 10 %. In DSR method, the short circuit current of a solar cell is determined through measuring its relative irradiance spectral responsivity in spectral range from 280 nm to 1200 nm and its absolute irradiance responsivity at wavelength of 650 nm by reference standard photodiodes. As the detective area of large size solar cell (detective area: 156 mm x 156 mm) is much bigger than that of standard photodiodes (detective area: 12.56 mm2), the spatial uniformity of irradiance of modulated monochromatic probe beam on the test solar cell and the standard photodiode is critical for calculation of absolute irradiance responsivity of the test solar cell. The correction for the calculation must be done according to the measured spatial uniformity of probe beam and the detective areas of the test solar cell and standard photodiodes. The experiment showed the correction factor and its uncertainty are smaller if the detective areas difference between the test solar cell and the standard is smaller. Based on this observation, a standard solar cell (detective area: 20 mm x 20 mm) instead of standard photodiodes was used to calibrate absolute irradiance responsivity of the test solar cell (detective area: 156 mm x 156 mm) at wavelength of 650 nm. After such improvement, measurement results using two different methods agree well about 3 % for the large size solar cell. The details of this comparison will be discussed in the paper.


Photo of Woman and Two Children - photo by Heyn, Omaha. From Group 23 of the Henry Homer Sears Estate Albums. This Group of photos was unlabeled - they have been selected as a group based on vintage and subject matter.


This work presents a possible approach to the contents of Modern Physics in high school via the introduction of a social-scientific issues the classroom, the structure theme is: "THE USE OF X-RAYS IN MEDICINE", and the objective e stimulate the learning of content physics and discusses the interactions between Science-Technology-Society (STS), providing an questioning perspective and reflective on the student. Therefore, we created a teaching sequence in the form of suggestions for the teacher. It can be adjust to their school reality, because we know the implications related to the use of socio-scientific issues, be in a school context, the curriculum, among other aspects involving teaching practice. The proposal was not developed in the classroom, so we do not present the difficulties and successes nor, but we consider a contribution to the teachers practiced, which today are challenged with respect to the introduction of modern physics content, primarily through the official documents for science education.


Propellers produce thrust through the production of lift by their rotating blades. Propeller hydrodynamics i therefore part of the broader field of lifting-surface theory, which includes such varied applications as aircraft, hydrofoil boats, ship rudders, and sailboat keels. Air and water propellers have much in common from a theoretical point of view, particularly if one's attention is restricted to air propellers operating at low Mach numbers (where compressibility effects are negligible) and to water propellers operating without cavitation. The cross sections of most lifting surfaces are also similar in appearance, being designed to produce a force at right angles to their motion through the fluid (lift) with a minimum force parallel to their direction of motion (drag). In spite of these fundamental similarities, air and water propellers generally look very different. The reason is that propellers for ships are limited, for practical reasons, in diameter, and they are also limited by cavitation in the amount of lift per unit blade area that they can produce. As a result, marine propellers have blades that are much wider in relation to their diameter than would be found in aircraft propellers. In addition, propellers are generally located in close proximity to the stern of a ship. This choice is based both on consideration of propulsive efficiency and on such practical matters as machinery arrangement and vulnerability to damage. Since the flow near the stern is nonuniform, an inevitable consequence is the development of vibratory forces on the propeller blades and on the hull. Decisions concerning the number of blades and the shape of the blade outline are influenced to a great extent by the need to minimize this excitation. As an example, Figure 1 shows a photograph of a recently designed propeller for a seismic exploration vessel. The computational model used in


ABSTRACT Rainfall regime, the amount and timing of annual precipitation, can influence the breeding phenology, individual fitness, and population dynamics of tropical birds. In Neotropical regions with rainfall seasonality (i.e. wet and dry seasons), the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can exacerbate seasonal drought and negatively impact avian survival and reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying associations between seasonal drought conditions and avian demography are largely unexplored. One hypothesis is that nutritional condition mediates demographic responses to seasonal drought: individuals in poor condition may be less capable of balancing their energy budgets and consequently suffer reduced survival, lower reproductive output, or both. We estimated nutritional condition (i.e. scaled mass index, percent hematocrit, plasma lipid metabolites) as a proxy of energy balance in understory forest birds with contrasting population-level responses to dry season length. This study took place across two dry seasons of differing intensity in central Panama: an El Niño dry season (2016, severe drought) and a more typical dry season (2017). Scaled mass index remained relatively constant throughout both dry seasons and across years for 5 common focal species and among 4 foraging guilds (22 additional species, 27 species total). Three of 5 focal species did exhibit reduced nutritional condition (i.e. lower hematocrit and/or higher β-hydroxybutyrate) during the El Niño dry season but not during the more typical dry season. However, foraging guilds did not show consistent nutritional responses to seasonal drought and we found little evidence of the reduced nutritional condition at the guild level, suggesting that many Neotropical forest bird species are capable of tolerating seasonal drought. LAY SUMMARY The amount and timing of rainfall influences the ecology, phenology, and population dynamics of tropical organisms. Seasonal drought can negatively impact the survival, reproduction, and breeding phenology of tropical forest birds, although the mechanisms underlying these impacts remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that seasonal drought negatively impacts the nutritional condition of resident forest birds in Central Panama. We estimated body condition, hematocrit, and plasma lipid metabolite concentrations in 27 bird species across two dry seasons of differing intensity—an El Niño year (2016, very dry) and a more typical year (2017). We found some evidence of reduced nutritional condition (i.e. lower hematocrit and greater concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate) during the El Niño dry season in certain focal species, but little evidence of nutritional stress among foraging guilds. Our findings suggest that many tropical forest species can tolerate seasonal drought without exhibiting evidence of energetic stress.


This article analyses the leachate production,water quality characteristics and its effect factors.Introduces two trends of leachate recirculation treatment in the world--bioreactor landfill mainly used in U.S.A.and Europe,and semi-aerobic structure landfill mainly used in Japan.Based on the condition of our leachate characteristics of highly organism containing,the concept of leachate recirculation treatment suitable for us,which combined the characteristics of bioreactor landfill and semi-aerobic structure landfill,is put forward.


Abstract Using as much administrative data as possible is a general trend among most national statistical institutes. Different kinds of administrative sources, from tax authorities or other administrative bodies, are very helpful material in the production of business statistics. However, these sources often have to be completed by information collected through statistical surveys. This article describes the way Insee has implemented such a strategy in order to produce French structural business statistics. The originality of the French procedure is that administrative and survey variables are used jointly for the same enterprises, unlike the majority of multisource systems, in which the two kinds of sources generally complement each other for different categories of units. The idea is to use, as much as possible, the richness of the administrative sources combined with the timeliness of a survey, even if the latter is conducted only on a sample of enterprises. One main issue is the classification of enterprises within the NACE nomenclature, which is a cornerstone variable in producing the breakdown of the results by industry. At a given date, two values of the corresponding code may coexist: the value of the register, not necessarily up to date, and the value resulting from the data collected via the survey, but only from a sample of enterprises. Using all this information together requires the implementation of specific statistical estimators combining some properties of the difference estimators with calibration techniques. This article presents these estimators, as well as their statistical properties, and compares them with those of other methods.


Integrating existing techniques for investment appraisal with distinctive decision situations in connection with different types of capital investment and presents a rough outline of a contingency theory of capital investment under uncertainty. Presents and categorize existing models for investment appraisal and for handling of uncertainty. Discusses a few discrepancies between theory and practice, identifying some fundamental weaknesses in existing models. Defines a number of distinct decision situations, discussing distinguishing between financial and capital investments; the phases of a project; the key issues and planning horizon of a firm; the use of soft and hard data; and different investment criteria. Surveys definitions of risk and suggests a few principles to cope with uncertainty.


This article argues for two inter-related theses keyed to Plato's Gorgias. (I) Callicles does not represent a constitutional form, but political participation itself, characterised by ambition, competition among political candidates, and the psychological and ethical mechanisms entailed in the process of gaining political recognition. (II) According to Socrates's understanding, the political leader's mirroring and internalisation of dominant character traits, held amongst those individuals transferring power, is decisive to the approval bestowed upon the political leader in question. This reading supplements that of Ober, who has claimed that the would-be political leader's conformity with the demos' ideology is decisive. This article argues that Socrates' point is that a would-be political leader needs to mirror the character traits of those exercising power in specific civic institutions, implying a more pluralistic and context-determined approach. Moreover, this reading connects Socrates' notion of recognition with that of moral psychology.


Let K be a field, S = K[x1, … xn] be a polynomial ring in n variables over K and I ⊂ S be an ideal. We give a procedure to compute a prime filtration of S/I. We proceed as in the classical case by constructing an ascending chain of ideals of S starting from I and ending at S. The procedure of this paper is developed and has been implemented in the computer algebra system Singular.


This paper analyzes four kinds of relationships of teaching the relationships between viewing teaching as a whole and teaching quality, between teaching's leading role and learning center in teaching activities, between the regularity and irregularity of teaching strategy and between strictness and indulgence of teaching behavior.


This paper uses simulated annealing and focus on the spectral angle mapper (SAM), to demonstrate how the separability of two mean spectra from different species can be increased by choosing the bands that maximize the metric. It is known that classification performance is enhanced when the differences in mean spectra for each endmember species are maximized. Comparison was made using the selected bands derived from the proposed method, to all bands in the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS), only the bands in the visible, near infrared and short wave infrared regions of the EMS and selected bands using stepwise discriminant analysis. The bands from the proposed method often indicates a better choice of band selection as viewed by the summary statistics for (a) the SAM measurements, (b) the correlations between bands and (c) the spectral information divergence (SID), for each pair of species; and the classification accuracy of SAM and SID.


Background and aims: Perinatal brain injury in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterms includes grey and white matter damage that affects brain development, and is associated with neurocognitive deficits that persist into adulthood. The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between cortical surface area expansion and different IQ indices in VLBW young adults. Methods: 49 VLBW (birth weight ≤ 1500 grams) and 59 term born controls were examined at the age of 19 with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAIS-III and MRI. An automated MRI technique at 1.5 Tesla for morphometric analyses of regional cortical expansion was performed. Results: Reduced cortical surface area in the VLBW young adults compared with controls were seen mainly in the dorsolateral frontal, temporal and parietal regions, with a strong influence from birth weight, far less from gestational age. The variability in Full IQ in the VLBW group was associated with reduced surface area in specific cortical regions of the brain, with a pattern similar to the localization of the group differences. The IQ indices that corresponded the most to the associations were the Working Memory Index and the Processing Speed Index. No associations were seen between surface area and IQ indices in the control group. Conclusions: This is the first study that links cognitive deficits to deviations in regional cortical development seen as significantly reduced brain surface area in young adults born with VLBW compared to term born controls.


The use of discrete rib elements in an SAC augmented value of transfer of heat and correspondingly enhanced THP. The usage of SAC with discrete artificial rib element underside of absorber plate for heat transfer enhancement and fluidity features was done in the current article. The range of parameters p/e = 6.67, e/Dh = 0.027, α = 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, Re of 3000-14000, W/H of 8 have been used during the experimental tests. The outcome of fixed and variable range of values on the Nusselt Number , Nu and pumping factor values f are correlated with the result of smooth absorber plate under identical criteria. The Nu and f improved by 2.68 and 1.84 times, respectively, compared to the smooth channel.


Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of vipoma based on our experience on 4 cases.Method Clinical manifestations,laboratory examination,imaging features,surgical findings,and pathology of 4 patients with vipoma admitted in our hospital from 1991 were discussed.Results Watery diarrhea and hypokalemia were the main clinical manifestations.Hepatic metastasis OCCurred in two patients.Tumor located in the head of the pancreas in one case.Two tumors were shown in the pancreatic body and one tumor was in the pancreatic tail.Resection of tumor and hepatic metastatic lesions with repeat resection of metastases Was performed in 1 patient.Resection of the pancreatic body and tail was done in one patient.Pancreatoduodenectomy Was performed in one patient.Laparotomy only was done in one patient because of invasion of the superior mesenteric vein and duodenum.Conclusion Typical symptoms play an important role in the diagnosis of vipoma.Hepatic metastasis is common.Surgery is the most effective means for treatment.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms;  Endocrine gland neoplasms;  Surgical procedures,operative;  Neoplasm metastasis


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to peptide derivatives and peptidomimetics as transglutaminase inhibitors, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds as well as use of said transglutaminase inhibitors in particular for treatmenting coeliac disease and transglutaminase dependent diseases. EFFECT: high efficiency of using said compounds. 12 cl, 20 dwg, 2 tbl, 7 ex


The primary allure of virtual worlds, and no doubt a large part of their success, derives from the anonymity they afford their denizens. In the real world, people often tailor their behavior according to what they perceive as their society's norms of what is appropriate for people of their age, appearance, job, social skills, or social status. The physical remove of virtual worlds inspires people to speak and move about freely, uninhibited by a fear of real-world repercussions. Recent developments at the intersection of cyberspace and terrestrial law, however, suggest that not all actions in virtual worlds are consequence-free. This Comment analyzes the widely publicized issue of age-play in virtual worlds, and discusses the merits of past and present regulations criminalizing such behavior. Congress has made numerous attempts to prevent the possession and distribution of sexually explicit renderings of minors which involved no actual minors in their production. This Comment points out the logical and constitutional problems with Congress's e fort to render this victimless activity criminal under both child pornography law and obscenity, law, and concludes that so Jar as online age-play is concerned, adults should be allowed to explore their fantasies with other consenting adults without the interference of terrestrial law.


Nowadays with the development of the manufacture technics of Hard Disk , the magnetic head of the hard disk is smaller and smaller, and the dimension of Hard disk is also smaller and smaller,but its capacity is larger and larger. The manufacture technics of Hard Disk has GBB and SBB,the GBB technics that ca n't fit to the smaller magnetic head must replaced by the SBB technics depended on the Machine Vision . This article summarize the chief theory of the machine V ision, and introduces that the Machine Vision System of the The manufacture tec hn ics of Hard Disk that SBB technics needs.


Abstract Essential oils of Salvia officinalis L., S. sclarea L. and S. lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiaceae) prepared by hydrodistillation were characterized by GC/MS. The oils were found to possess the following major components: S. officinalis: 1,8-cineole (11.7%), α-thujone (65.5%) and β-thujone (15.4%); S. sclarea: linalool (10.7%) and linalyl acetate (81.1%) and S. lavandulifolia: 1,8-cineole (25.5%), camphor (39.0%) and linalyl acetate (10.2%). These oils were tested for cytotoxic activities on cultures of different human tumor cell lines. Cytotoxic activity was compared to that of the anticancer agent doxorubicin. The oils of S. officinalis and S. lavandulifolia were 100 to 1000 times less active than doxorubicin on all the cell lines. S. sclarea oil showed a strong in vitro activity against cell suspensions in the same range as doxorubicin and was 100 times less active on attached cell cultures.


AbstractWe proposea novel first-orderformalism for a type of K-branesystems. An examplesolution is presented and studied. We illustratehow the noncanonical kinetic term can affect the properties of the model, such as the stability of the solutions, the localization offermion and graviton. We argue that our solution is stable against linear perturbations. The tensor zero mode of graviton can belocalized while the scalar zero mode cannot. The localization condition for fermion is also discussed.Keywords: Large extra dimension, noncanonical kinetic terms, gravitational perturbationsPACS: 04.50.-h, 11.27.+d, 98.80.Cq1. IntroductionScalar fields with noncanonicalkinetic terms, namely, the K-fields were initially introduced to cosmology as a new mech-anism of inflation [1–3]. Since then, K-fields are extensivelystudied in many fields. One of its interesting applications i s themodeling of thick K-branes. Unlike the standard thick branemodels, where branes are usually generated by canonical scalarfield(s) (see [4–13] for some of the original papers of braneworld, and Refs. [14–17] for reviews), thick K-branes are do-main wall branes generated by scalar fields with noncanonica lkinetic terms [18–23].Like any kind of brane world model, the study of thick K-brane models also contains at least three nontrivial issues: solu-tions, stability, and properties (for example, the localization ofbulk matter fields and gravitons). The stability of thick K-branehas been generally discussed in Ref. [24], where the stabilityconditions for solutions of a large class of thick K-brane mod-els were derived.As to the issue of findingsolutions, it is worthto mentiontha tthere are interesting dualities between some K-field models andthe standard model. In other words, some K-field models sup-port the same solution given by the model with standard kineticterm of scalar field [25]. Such K-field models are called thetwin-like models of the correspondingstandard model, and viceversa. Inspired by the original work [25], some authors studiedtwin-like models in brane world [26–29]. The twin-like dualityoffers us an alternative way to find simple analytical K-branesolutions. However, some of the models can be distinguishedfrom the standard model only when linear perturbations (espe-cially, the scalar perturbations) are considered, while some are