The aim of the present work is to analyze the social and ethnic reality of the population of Buenos Aires between 1769 and 1782, at a time of political, economic and social change, from the study of the Parish´s records of baptism of Nuestra Senora de la Merced, emphasizing the number of baptized, age and date of conception thereof, their ethnic composition, condition of legitimacy, paying special attention to the practice of child abandonment as a way to safeguard women's honor, as well as analyzing the institution of patronage as a system of social networking.


In the current history curriculum standards for general high schools, the fundamental task of the discipline and the goal of training and improving the core competence of history are emphasized. In order to implement the fundamental tasks and objectives of the curriculum, effective teaching methods are needed. Inquiry-based problem teaching can not only improve the subjectivity of students, but also improve teaching efficiency, trigger students to think independently and learn actively, and thus cultivate innovative thinking and historical thinking. This article takes the inquiry-based problem teaching as an example, and tries to provide several suggestions for the implementation of high school history teaching.


. We define threshold hypergraphs using a binary hypergraph operation, k -tunnel join, introduced here. We find the Laplacian spectra of threshold hypergraphs and show that certain Laplacians associated with threshold hypergraphs are r -integral. We show that the Laplacian spectra of a class of threshold hypergraphs can be computed from Ferrer's diagram of their degree sequences.


e17696 Background: Prognostic systems remain important tools in clinical oncology to relay information to patients (pts) and to aid in therapeutic decision-making, but many were developed before the introduction of biologics. For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is unclear which of the available prognostic systems is most appropriate in an era where sorafenib has become the standard of care in advanced disease. We aimed to 1) evaluate the utility of four different prognostic scores (Okuda, BCLC, CLIP and French) and 2) identify additional independent predictors of overall survival (OS) in the setting of HCC pts treated with sorafenib. Methods: We included 339 pts with HCC treated with sorafenib from 2007 to 2014 across 3 Canadian provinces. Pt demographics, laboratory values, radiology reports, additional treatments received, performance status, and Child-Pugh scores were collected. The four existing prognostic systems were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves and c-statistics were ascribed to each. Indepen...


Re-examines the structural unemployment in the United States. Criticisms of the structural hypothesis; Views of R.A. Gordon, an economist, on structural unemployment; Criteria for judging whether for a particular group structural unemployment has increased; Areas of increased structural unemployment; Unemployment among youth and non-whites in the country. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)


Automated human action Recognition has the potential to play an important role in Public security. In this project it compares three practical, reliable and generics systems for multiview video based human action recognition namely the nearest classifier, Gaussian mixture model classifier and nearest mean classifier.


The maximum operating temperature of a steam turbine is restricted to 600°C due to its corrosive nature, whereas the gas turbine inlet temperature can be increased up to 1500°C. The film cooling is one of the widely employed methods to cool the aircraft turbine blades. The cooling passages are generally formed using the laser drilling process and the re-solidification of the molten metal takes place at local cold spots. Thus, the imperfection is formed in the coolant passage, which affects the flow characteristics and hence the effectiveness of the film cooling reduces. In the present work, the effect of the imperfection on the various flow parameters is investigated. A flat plate with the film cooling hole attached beneath at a distance of 0.1 m from the leading edge of the plate is investigated and it was found that the imperfection reduces the effectiveness by 32%.


The chicken cuts on retail basis are analysed. Parts without skin are considerably leaner than cuts with skin. The leanest cut is the breast muscle with also a minor connective tissue content of 0.45%. Likewise low is the cholesterol content with 43.5 mg/100g. Chicken wings with skin contain 95 mg cholesterol/100g. The parts from the breast musculature show a low water-protein-quotient of 3.1 to 3.2 which increases in other parts to 3.7 to 3.9. The close relationship between fat-water and fat-protein observed in beef and pork cuts is lower in chicken cuts. The weighed fat content of a chicken carcass caluculated from the cuts amounts to 9.25% and it is in the same order as beef or pork.


We examine overlapping clustering schemes with functorial constraints, in the spirit of Carlsson--Memoli. This avoids issues arising from the chaining required by partition-based methods. Our principal result shows that any clustering functor is naturally constrained to refine single-linkage clusters and be refined by maximal-linkage clusters. We work in the context of metric spaces with non-expansive maps, which is appropriate for modeling data processing which does not increase information content.


Background: Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) causes black spot disease, which is one of the major diseases limiting the production of vegetable crops, especially Chinese kale in Southeast Asia and Thailand. Previous pathogen management based on synthetic fungicides is expensive, toxic for humans, and harmful to the environment. The current study investigated the efficiency of Talaromyces flavus (Klöcker) Stolk and Samson Bodhi001, Talaromyces trachyspermus (Shear) Stolk and Samson Bodhi002, Talaromyces flavus (Klöcker) Stolk and Samson Bodhi003, Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch and Cain Bodhi004, and Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch and Cain in controlling Chinese kale black spot disease caused by A. brassicicola under field conditions. Methods: A. brassicicola and four antagonistic fungus strains were cultured separately on a PDA plate and incubated at room temperature for 14 days. Ten mL of sterile water was poured into a culture plate, and the spores were gently scraped from the mycelium with a sterile loop to obtain a spore suspension and afterward adjusted to a final concentration of 106 spores mL−1. Result: The results showed that spore suspensions of 106 spores mL−1 of T. flavus Bodhi001, T. trachyspermus Bodhi002, T. flavus Bodhi003, N. fischeri Bodhi004, and N. fischeri effectively controlled black spot disease in field trials and resulted in a significant reduction in black spot incidence compared with the unprotected control. Meanwhile, the spore suspension of T. flavus Bodhi001 revealed the greatest suppression of black spot incidence, causing 10.23% and 42.93% disease reduction, compared with the negative control, indicating promising preventive activity against A. brassicicola. Based on our results, T. favus Bodhi001 is a promising biological control agent (BCA) in controlling A. brassicicola causing Chinese kale black spot disease.


OBJECTIVES: to describe the process of cultural adaptation to Brazil Generic Module DISABKIDS for Chronic Conditions (DCGM-37), a generic instrument for measuring the quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. METHODS: a cross-cutting methodological study was carried out in pediatric outpatients clinics in Brazil, covering 118 children/adolescents with asthma or diabetes and their parents or carers. Translation, back-translation and cultural adaptation were carried out to obtain conceptual and semantic equivalence at the level of individual items.Equivalence was measured statistically by describing the initial psychometric properties, using validity and reliability criteria. RESULTS: most of the items were considered relevant and 14 of them were modified following the semantic validation phase. Values for Cronbach's alpha were α=0.92 and α=0.93, for the version for children and adolescents and the version for parents and carers, respectively. Analysis of correlations between items and dimensions revealed a satisfactory degree of convergent and discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS: the initial phase indicates that DISABKIDS module is a valid and reliable tool for measuring quality of life in a Brazilian context.


The research examining negative campaigning has focused largely on the effects that exposure to negative advertising has on voters' decisionmaking. Less attention has been given to studying the conditions that motivate candidates to employ negative campaign tactics. I attempt to move our understanding of this process forward by unifying hypotheses suggested in the literature into a more cohesive theoretical framework and testing them against data collected from all available campaign advertisements produced by major party presidential candidates competing in the 1976-1996 general elections. The results of the logit analysis indicate that candidates' decisions to go negative are a function of changes to the campaign environment, the dynamic interplay that develops between candidates over the course of campaigns, and attributes of issues on the campaign agenda.


This paper explores whether the computational thinking practices of mathematicians and scientists in the physical and biological sciences are also the practices of archival scientists. It is argued that these practices are essential elements of an archival science education in preparing students for a professional archival career.


symptoms resolved. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease caused by numerous different species of Leishmania. It is transmitted by sand flies. It usually affects exposed areas such as hands, arms and legs. Clinical presentation is varied but often consists of a reddish papule that can ulcerate and reach up to 5 cm in size. After a number of months, spontaneous re-epitheliasation signals cure (Bailey and Lockwood, 2007). Some Leishmania subtypes, such as braziliensis, carry the potential to develop mucosal leishmaniasis that can be complicated by fatal bacterial infections. Diagnosis should aim to identify the exact subtype, but this requires specialised laboratory tests not widely available in endemic areas. Where leishmaniasis is common, diagnosis can be made relatively reliably on clinical appearance (Ul Bari and ber Rahman, 2006). Fine needle aspiration is widely available and has been used effectively (Kassi and Kassi, 2005). Traditional methods have a low sensitivity for detecting the leishmaniasis species (Ferreira et al., 2006). Specialised laboratory based tests such as PCR and ELISA are more sensitive than other diagnostic methods for all species of leishmaniasis, especially L. braziliensis. Pentavalent antimonials (sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimonate) have been the mainstay firstline treatment since the 1940s. Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis can be managed with multiple drug therapy, but precise identification of the species, via PCR, allows more tailored therapeutic management. Newer treatments such as miltefosine have been shown to be as effective as antimonials in some forms of the disease. Miltefosine's major advantage is that it can be given orally. A flat re-epithelialised, non-inflamed scar is accepted as a cure. Our case illustrates the ineffectiveness of surgical intervention on untreated leishmaniasis and its difficulty in diagnosis. With the growing incidence of leishmaniasis and the increase in travel to endemic areas, hand surgeons should be aware of this increasingly common parasitic infection and its varied presentation. Other diagnoses that must be considered include pyogenic granuloma, lepromatous leprosy, tuberculosis, syphilis, and in the elderly, squamous cell carcinoma.


Commercial Japanese quail farming has created a reasonable impact in recent years and many farms have been established throughout the country for egg and meat production. At present, Tamil Nadu is one of the leading states in commercial Japanese quail farming in India. One of the critical inputs for commercial Japanese quail farming is cost effective quality day old quail chick. Feed is the major cost factor in production, of which protein is a crucial factor that influences the cost of feed and reproductive performance especially through embryonic mortality during incubation. In this context effect of dietary protein on embryonic mortality is to be explored with respect to reproductive performance of breeder Japanese quail.


Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms are widely used in a plethora of optimization problems. In this chapter, we focus on applications of PSO algorithms to optimization problems arising in the theory of wave scattering by inhomogeneous media. More precisely, we consider scattering problems concerning the excitation of a layered spherical medium by an external dipole. The goal is to optimize the physical and geometrical parameters of the medium's internal composition for varying numbers of layers (spherical shells) so that the core of the medium is substantially cloaked. For the solution of the associated optimization problem, PSO algorithms have been specifically applied to effectively search for optimal solutions corresponding to realizable parameters values. We performed rounds of simulations for the the basic version of the original PSO algorithm, as well as a newer variant of the Accelerated PSO (known as "Chaos Enhanced APSO"/ "Chaotic APSO"). Feasible solutions were found leading to significantly reduced values of the employed objective function, which is the normalized total scattering cross section of the layered medium. Remarks regarding the differences and particularities among the different PSO algorithms as well as the fine-tuning of their parameters are also pointed out.


PurposeThe past sustainability literature on the effects of nonfinancial disclosures on a firm's performance is highly fragmented. Thus, the authors raise the following research questions to test potential differences: Is sustainability reporting (SR) based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) or other systematic reporting framework associated with firm performance? Does quality or level of SR impact firm performance? Do firm-, industry- and country-level factors moderate the effect of SR on firm performance? Does the presence of publication bias affect this relationship?Design/methodology/approachMeta-analysis technique suggested by Hedges & Olkin (1985) was used to analyze a sample of 98 effect sizes reported in 60 studies published between 2010 and 2020 studying SR–performance associations. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to investigate the moderating variables accounting for this heterogeneity in the relationship.FindingsResults reveal that level and quality of SR influence the market-, accounting- and operational-based measures of firm performance. Meta-regression results depict that for large, matured firms, or the ones with institutional investors as board members or the ones that actively participate SR quality awards, SR translates better into firm performance. Subgroup analyses demonstrate that the SR–firm performance relationship is moderated by the corporate governance (CG) system of the country and the firm's affiliation to environmentally sensitive industries.Originality/valueThese findings extend theoretical and practical understanding on effects of corporate sustainability communications on performance.


Superior tree selection of Alnus nepalensis were conducted in five prefectures and cities of southwest Yunnan using the five dominant tree comparison method.Taking the superior trees from preliminary selection as the materials,the correlation factors in superior tree selection were analyzed,and the superior selection standard was developed by combining with the quantitative regression method.The superior provenances and families of southwest Yunnan were therefore selected out through multi-site experiments.Results of the following four aspects were obtained.1) Totally one hundred and forty-four preliminary selected superior trees were selected out from 15 counties respectively belonging to Pu'er,Xishuangbanna,Lincang,Dehong and Baoshan in southwest Yunnan.2) The correlation analysis implied that DBH and height were two important factors evaluating the superior trees of Alnus nepalensis.There was multiple co-linear relation between height,DBH,volume,crown width,height under branch,branch angle,crown density and bark thickness,volume was the parameter with the closest relationship with other parameters.The regression model of volume growth increment established with height,under branch height and DBH was Y=0.055X1+0.021X2+0.01X3-1.406,the difference H value between the measured value and the theoretical value was the main basis for ranking the superior trees.3) Through mulit-site planting experiments conducted at Ruili city,Longling county and Zhenyuan county,four superior provenances and 40 superior families were selected out,four superior provenances were Ximeng,Ruili,Changning and Longling respectively.4) As far as provenance regionalization was concerned,the Alnus nepalensis in southwest Yunnan could be divided into south Yunnan(Jiangcheng,Simao,Ning'er,Jinghong and Menglian) and west Yunnan(Ruili,Longling,Longchuan,Baoshan,Changning,Luxi,Tengchong and Ximeng) respectively.


Abstract The Maritime Continent, with its complex system of islands and shallow seas, presents a major challenge to models, which tend to systematically underestimate the precipitation in this region. Experiments with a climate version of the Met Office model (HadAM3) show that even with a threefold increase in horizontal resolution there is no improvement in the dry bias. It is argued that the diurnal cycle over the islands and the complex circulation patterns generated by land–sea contrasts are crucial for the energy and hydrological cycles of the Maritime Continent and for determining the mean climate. It is shown that the model has substantial errors in its simulation of the diurnal cycle over the islands, which can rectify onto the seasonal mean climate. It is further argued that deficient rainfall over the Maritime Continent could be a driver for other systematic errors, such as the excess precipitation over the western Indian Ocean. To demonstrate the sensitivity of global systematic model errors t...


A new method is described for analyzing the penetration of drugs and cosmetic products into the skin. This method combines the tape stripping procedure with UV/VIS spectroscopic measurements to determine the amount of corneocytes on the tapes removed by their scattering properties. The UV/VIS spectroscopic measurements were made using a Perkin Elmer Lambda 20 double beam spectrophotometer, which had been modified to obtain a rectangular beam diameter of 10 times 10 mm2. The absorbance measured at 430 nm was taken as measure for the mass of the corneocyte aggregates placed on the individual tapes. It was proven by weighing, laser scanning microscopy and spatial-spectral density analysis, that the absorbance in the visible range is better suited than the weight to quantify the amount of corneocyte aggregates removed by a single strip. This novel combination method permits to determine the actual position of sunscreen components in the stratum corneum.


"Recently, I returned from Africa where I had the honor of attending the inauguration ceremonies of the two newest WGO Training Centers (TC), the Nairobi Training Center in Kenya and the Blantyre Training Center in Malawi. This experience left me meditating on the tagline of WGO, "Global Guardian of Digestive Health. Serving the World." These words are the backbone of everything we do at WGO. From our growing worldwide Training Center program, to the Train the Trainers workshop, to our Global Guidelines and Cascades, to our participation in some of the world's leading conferences on gastroenterology and related fields, and our member advocacy efforts through World Digestive Health Day, westrive to improve and serve the field of GI in the furthest reaches of the globe.


The development of printed and flexible (opto)electronics requires specific materials for the device's electrodes. Those materials must satisfy a combination of properties. They must be electrically conducting, transparent, printable, and flexible. The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)− poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT−PSS) is known as a promising candidate. Its conductivity can be increased by 3 orders of magnitude by the secondary dopant diethylene glycol (DEG). This "secondary doping" phenomenon is clarified in a combined photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy investigation. PEDOT−PSS appears to form a three-dimensional conducting network explaining the improvement of its electrical property upon addition of DEG. Polymer light emitting diodes are successfully fabricated using the transparent plastic PEDOT−PSS electrodes instead of the traditionally used indium tin oxide.


In the history of Modem Chinese literature, writers of Ningbo origin never formed a particular school, yet they made some special contributions to modem Chinese literature. They shared some common characteristics, such as, receiving education and serving the revolution cause in Shanghai, learning from Lu Xun, daring and pioneering in creation. Their contributions to the history in which Ningbo citizens take pride should be cherished.


Abstract The distribution of uranium(IV) and uranium(VI) between phosphoric acid solution and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (H2MEHP)-trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid-dibutyl butyl phosphonate (DBBP) in kerosene diluent has been investigated. The effects of extractant composition, phosphoric acid concentration, temperature, uranium concentration, and shaking time on the uranium extraction have been examined. Reductive extraction and oxidative stripping processes for the separation and concentration of uranium from phosphoric acid solution with synergic systems of H2MEHP-TOPO and H2MEHP-DBBP are proposed and discussed.


A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to explore the efficacy of medication augmentation strategies compared to control treatments in patients who have had a partial or no response to initial treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder.


Protection of a primary amine group against attack by organic or aqueous solutions of strong bases or nucleophiles is achieved by incoporation into an N- substituted 2,5-dimethylpyrrole system from which the amine group is regenerated by treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.


Purpose: The paper is aimed to study the relationship between transformational leadership and learning organization practices in academic libraries of select universities of JK Learning organization; Leadership; Transformational leadership Paper type: Research


The financial industry has developed rapidly with the emergence of financial technology companies. Moreover, the use of technology in the financial industry has developed rapidly. However, conventional financial companies face tough challenges in doing business. They have to adopt the technology to survive. The adoption of technology will increase the competitiveness of established financial companies against financial technology companies. The research aims to analyze the impact of technology on improving the work process of established financial companies. It examines the business model of established financial companies and financial technology companies. The work process is almost identical for all companies. The research applies a qualitative method. The chosen companies are multi-purpose financing for the purchase of two-wheeled and four-wheeled motorized vehicles. The total number of companies involved in the research is four companies. The result concludes that conventional consumer finance companies need to adopt technology into the work process to compete with financial technology companies. Technologies that can be used are Artificial Intelligence (AI), automation job allocation, chatbot, and face recognition. The work process is reviewed by digitizing, eliminating, and moving. Then, technology adoption will require a large investment. Hence, consumer finance companies can collaborate with technology companies, including financial technology companies.


INTRODUCTION Decision support functions are now seen as one of the components of a more complex knowledge based qstern which performs several tasks. In knowledge based systems. modules mimiking the decision process are integrated with more traditional software components [I I]. This integration provides several advantages. Firstly. activation of decision support functions in the contest of routine and less ':intrusive' tasks promotes their correct use. In addition. the information acquisition process is enriched. both qualitatively and quantitatively.


The present invention discloses a transparent plastic mixture having low-temperature impact resistance, made of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and impact-modified poly (meth) acrylate (PMMA). Thermoplastic polyurethanes, poly (meth) acrylate, impact resistance, low temperature, a clear plastic mixture


Migration plays an important role in small island economies. It can be examined from two complementary and intertwined perspectives: on one hand, external migration affects paths of growth through fund transfers made by international migrants; on the other, internal migrations shape geographical and sectorial equilibria. These two approaches merge and complement one another in examining the case of New Caledonia. In this contribution, the debate on the effects of migration on the sustainability of small island economies is revisited. In the first part, we discuss issues and models of migrations in small island economies. In the second part, we establish, based on the New Caledonian example, that migration can also play a positive role in the sustainability of economic growth.


For operators and maintainers, extension of maintenance intervals is desired to alleviate costs. For aircraft and helicopter components, traditional failure time-based reliability assessment methods can seldom be applied as the reliability is often very high and failure data are often not available. In this article, different approaches using Nelson's method, Weibull plot equation and probabilistic damage model to estimate a rolling element bearing's reliability without failure data are reviewed. Two methods are then proposed to improve the reliability assessing the Weibull plot equation and the probabilistic damage model approaches by estimating their lower confidence bounds. In the first proposed method, Monte Carlo simulation is applied with the Weibull plot equation to obtain the variation in the Weilbull slope parameter and then estimate the lower confidence bound. In the second proposed method, probabilistic damage accumulation model is applied to assess the bearing reliability and bootstrap techniques are applied to obtain the lower confidence bound. Both methods are used to assess the reliability of extending the replacement interval of a helicopter gearbox bearing from 2000 to 3000 h and are shown to perform better with the use of Nelson's method.


The article is devoted to the issues of taking into account of the population's opinion in the implementation of the Arctic industrial development projects. Evaluation methods and selection procedures for compensation projects have been proposed, as well as their ranking is made. On the example of a project for the placer diamonds extraction at the Molodo River deposit in the Bulunsky district of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), and based sociological surveys of the population, projects aimed at preserving the ancestral habitat of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, supporting traditional crafts, building infrastructure facilities taking into account the individual groups opinions of the population, are proposed. The article is based on the materials of the ethnological expertise of this project and the results of the authors'sociological research. The proposals for the selection of compensation projects for the local population in the conditions of evaluation criteria plurality are formulated.


. The paper is devoted to approaches to creating in energy management system with dynamic control of components based on modern information technologies. It is proposed to implement the energy management strategy of local objects by coordinating supply and demand in real time. The balance between own generation and consumption in micro-energy systems with several sources should be ensured by the maximum share in their energy balance of renewable sources. It has been established that the structural-algorithmic synthesis of the dynamic management system of the polygeneration microgrid means ensuring its functional integrity based on the selected structure of sources and the coordination of the power balance of the local facility in real time, taking into account the stochastic generation of electricity from renewable sources. The conditions for creation of energy information connections are investigated. The technical platforms for the realisation of the basic principles of the dynamic energy management system using modern IT infrastructure and the possibility of remote monitoring and control of final current collectors based on the current cost of electricity is proposed


As the prison population ages, a new need has come to light – caring for those who are in the final stage of life. This paper will examine the current end of life services provided to those in prison throughout the United States. After a general awareness of the system is presented, a more complete discussion of end of life care for prisoners will be considered, in light of ethics, social justice, and the Christian perspective. The two care options presented, hospice care and compassionate release, are observed through these lenses. In order to make a decision on how to care for elderly inmates, these issues must be considered seriously, providing the ethical and fair death experience for a growing population of American society.


Today's international law regime leaves little room for lawful use of nuclear weapons.1 At the same time, there is no prohibition of these weapons per se.2 This situation distinguishes them from biological and chemical weapons, which are subject to comprehensive bans under the 1972 Bacteriological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention, respectively. The 'legal gap' became a major focus in discussions at the third 'Conference on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons', held in Vienna from 8 to 9 December 2014. Both Austria's summary3 and subsequent national pledge4 noted this gap, as well as the desirability of filling it with a prohibition. Importantly, Austria also recognized the existence of profound moral and ethical questions concerning nuclear weapons that go beyond questions of law. As with other controversial areas of life in general, law's ambivalence ON THE ETHICS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS


After a long period of paradigmatic stability in the field of general didactics ( Allgemeine Didaktik ) in Germany, the proponents of the 'constructivist didactics' claim to be formulating a new approach on the theoretical as well as practical levels. This claim is analysed and evaluated. Four background theories of constructivist didactics are sketched; the central arguments of these didactics are reconstructed; some examples of practical constructivist teaching recommendations presented; and, finally, constructivist didactics is critically analysed in the context of a theory of learning in schools. The conclusion is that constructivist didactics is not a new paradigm in the sense that its proponents claim it to be.


Hollow cylindrical basal layer and seamless printing sleeve comprising a seamless image recording surface thereof as outermost layer is described. Image recording surface acts as a flexographic printing surface integral. Preferably the printing sleeve comprises a photosensitive polymer or the elastic polymer layer of the intermediate between the outer surface and the image-recording surface of the base layer. Furthermore basal layer is preferably a uniform transparent or semi-transparent to actinic radiation.


Abstract:This essay explores how the poetry of Dante Gabriel Rossetti engages with the experience of déjà vu, which was first treated as an object of sustained medical and psychological research in the late nineteenth century. Situating the poems in this context reveals the persistence and sophistication with which Rossetti represents "dreamy states" (as they were then known), as well as his influence on how they came to be studied and understood. Drawing attention to the close associations between déjà vu and imagination in the period, the essay goes on to suggest how this uncertain experience of knowing became the model for an effect Rossetti sought from his own poems: a dream-like commingling of presence and retrospect, strangeness and familiarity, cognition and recognition.


A Markov modulated shock models is studied in this paper. In this model, both the interarrival time and the magnitude of the shock are determined by a Markov process. The system fails whenever a shock magnitude exceeds a pre‐specified level η. Nonexponential bounds of the reliability are given when the interarrival time has heavy‐tailed distribution. The exponential decay of the reliability function and the asymptotic failure rate are also considered for the light‐tailed case. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005


This study explored how low-income documented and undocumented Latina immigrant mothers negotiate motherhood and adapt to life in new cultural and structural contexts. Grounded in ecocultural theory, we analyzed data from 21 in-depth interviews with Latina immigrant mothers to surface how their experiences of motherhood in the United States were shaped by their country of origin experiences and their situatedness in the United States. We documented emergent tensions related to their immigration context, often driven by changes in their legal status as they crossed borders, changes in family and community supports, and differing cultural expectations of their gendered roles as caregivers and family members. These tensions forced mothers to renegotiate and adjust their perceptions, identities, and roles as women, mothers, partners, and members of larger, often transnational kin and community networks. Implications of these tensions and identity and role shifts in the context of immigrant family life in the United States are discussed.


Food and waterborne disease (FWBD) epidemic can produce devastating public health outcomes. From 1990 to 2006, the annual notifications for FWBDs in Malaysia ranged from 2,000 to about 10,000 cases. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatial epidemiology of FWBDs in four districts of Sabah from the year 2011 to 2014. This study was a retrospective review of four years (i.e. 2011 to 2014) worth of data from Kota Kinabalu, Penampang, Putatan, and Papar districts. All reported cases of cholera, dysentery, food poisoning, typhoid, and viral hepatitis A from these areas and district health offices were included. Coordinates for the locations of the cases were based on home addresses. Among a total of 1997 cases of FWBDs, food poisoning was the highest reported disease with 1787 (89.4%) cases. Kota Kinabalu had the most reported cases of FWBDs with 1368 (68.5%). In the year 2012, FWBD incidence was the highest at 16.44 per 10,000 populations. Kernel density estimation demonstrated hot spots of food poisoning and cholera in the western areas near the coast, while typhoid and viral hepatitis A cases had minimal hot spots and appeared to be dispersed. Average nearest neighbour analysis showed clusters of food poisoning and cholera cases. Further analysis with the nearest neighbour hierarchical spatial clustering presented 32 clusters of food poisoning and 7 clusters of cholera. Food poisoning and cholera usually occur in clusters. From these findings, it can be concluded that these areas, food poisoning, and cholera have significant spatial clustering and patterns. Meanwhile, other FWBDs did not occur in clusters for this study. This indicates the possibility of under-reporting or real dispersion of cases brought about by an efficient mechanism of spread from a common source.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plastic film colour on the nutritive value of silage ensiled into round bales. The study was conducted on 16 bales of grass clover haylage (75% of grasses and 25% of legumes) of which 4 bales of haylage originated from the first and 4 from the second cut were wrapped with blue or green plastic film. Haylage wrapped with green plastic film preserved more organic matter (OM) (P<0.05), fermented metabolic energy in metabolic energy (FME/ME) (P<0.05) and contained less ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05) in comparison with haylage wrapped with blue plastic film. Haylage wrapped with blue plastic film contained less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P<0.05) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P<0.05), higher crude protein (CP) (P<0.001), degradable crude protein (P<0.05) and residual sugar (P<0.05) compared with the haylage wrapped with green plastic film.


The aim of this paper is an evaluation of foreign exchange housing loans granted in Poland. In the paper, there was conducted research of portfolio of housing loans, its structure and changes, especially with consideration to the currency of debts. Also, a foreign currency loans profitability accordingly to the time of obtaining the loan by the debtor was analyzed. The author statistically analyzed volatility of foreign exchange rates of major currencies traded in Poland. The results were compared versus swiss franc and euro. The research indicated very high level of swiss franc volatility and risk as well as confirmed high level of risk of financing in swiss currency over euro.


The catheterization described is still incomplete, posing many problems yet to be solved. However, this method has shed light on new issues, including the intraamniotic administration of antibiotics against amniotic fluid infection and fetal infection, amnioinfusion of saline for oligohydramnios, and development of artificial amniotic fluid. These issues are much easier than the nursing of extremely small premature babies and should be solved by the collective wisdom of obstetricians.


This paper surveys three methods for computing the prime implicates of a set of propositions (ie., minimizing a boolean function) and performs a comparison between them. Data is provided which suggests that methods based on resolution can be as efficient as methods based on matrices and semantic trees. We also discuss the advantages of resolution-based methods for applications in man-machine communication involving abduction (inference to the best explanation) and truth maintenance (belief revision).


We develop a theory of electoral competition in multidistrict legislative elections when nomination decisions are made by local policy-motivated party members, and voters care about both local and national positions. We show that the asymmetry generated by different national party positions reduces or even entirely removes the competitive pressure to nominate moderate candidates. The model has important implications for our understanding of policy divergence and, in particular, of the effects of gerrymandering.


How did we end up with yet another layer added to our healthcare delivery system? It might be an unintended consequence of hospitalist programs.


Dialkylselenonium cyano(methoxycarbonyl)methylides reacted catalytically in CHCl3 at room temperature with aliphatic episulfides to give mainly the reduced selenides and dicyanofumarate.


A method is described for using measured rotor deflection data at one speed to calculate the mass unbalance of a rotor. A discrete mass rotor model similar to the transfer matrix model is used. It is expected that deflection data taken at a relatively low speed can be used to calculate weights that will balance the rotor at high speeds. The approach in this report reverses the role of the input and output variables used in the transfer matrix analysis. Here the transfer matrix equations are rearranged so that deflections are inputs and unbalance weights (i.e., defects) are outputs.


Objective To discuss the value of color doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography(CTA) in diagnosis of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome(PAES). Methods To retrospectively analyze 18 cases of surgically confirmed patients with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. All cases underwent color doppler ultrasound and CTA examination before operation and the results were compared. Results Seventeen patients were diagnosed PAES preoperation with both color doppler ultrasound and CTA. The two methods both misdiagnosed the same one patient. Conclusion Color doppler ultrasound can be an important additional method of CTA in diagnosis of PAES which can be used as first line method.


OBJECTIVE: Compare headache in TBI and controlsubjects
 BACKGROUND: The parameters of frequency, severity and duration are measures of the "Headache Problem" defined as amount of interference with the patient's life. This study employs headache frequency and severity to establish the "Headache Problem" in these Veterans.
 METHOD. TBI Subjects were drawn from the TBI clinic for OEF/OIF Veterans. Each TBI subject was matched to a control subject (C) who was also an OEF/OIF Veteran and matched by age, sex, race and time of deployment. All subjects were questioned with the same forms regarding TBI and headaches. The data was first analyzed by comparing the number of TBI subjects and their controls with >15 days of headache /month (CDH) or 10-14 days of headache/month (FH) with some headaches producing >50[percnt] disability. A second analysis was restricted to TBI subjects who had 蠅2 headaches/week that produced >50[percnt] disability and their controls.
Analysis was carried out with descriptive methods and comparison by Chi Square.
 RESULTS: A total of 63 pairs of TBI / C subjects were employed. Overall comparisons of TBI versus C subjects are as follows. For CDH there were 21 (33.3[percnt]) TBI versus 1 (1.6[percnt]) C subjects who met the criteria. For FH, there were 16/63(25.4[percnt]) versus 4/63 (6.4[percnt]) C subjects. Combining CDH and FH, 37 (58.7[percnt]) of TBI versus 5/63 (7.9[percnt]) of C subjects had 蠅10 headaches /month with these criteria. Applying the more stringent criteria of 蠅2 headaches/week with > 50[percnt] disability, 23/63 (36.5[percnt]) of TBI and 2/63 (3.2[percnt]) of C met this more stringent formula. All comparisons were significant at p,.01
 CONCLUSIONS: Frequency and severity of headache provide a good estimate of the Headache Problem. The additional criterion of >2 severe Headaches /week provides a more accurate metric.
 Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Couch has received personal compensation for activities with Teva and St. Jude Medical. Dr. Stewart has nothing to disclose.


This article examines the drivers of youth irregular migration in the Middle East and North Africa region. A multinomial logit model is implemented to test the effect of labor market and institutional characteristics on the decision of youth to migrate using a unique and novel dataset covering young people aged 15–29 from five major Middle East and North Africa countries. Specifically, the article investigates the effect of micro determinants of irregular migration: individual socio-economic factors, wealth factors, adaptability factors, labor market factors, and institutional factors. The article finds that the labor market drivers matter more for regular rather than irregular migration amongst the youth from the Middle East and North Africa region. However, institutional settings are of great importance for any decision to migrate, be it regularly or irregularly. In addition, youth from wealthier households are more likely to express willingness to migrate using regular channels, whereas youth from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to consider the irregular route.


Abstract : To investigate breast cancer metastasis, we propose to use a tissue specific viral delivery system that will allow the somatic delivery of secondary lesions in the background of a tumor-inducing primary oncogene. In the first year of support we established protocols for efficient in vitro cultivation and infection of mammary gland-derived normal, hyperplastic and tumorigenic cells. Conditions are mild enough to allow these cells to grow in the mammary fat pad following re-implantation. Tumors that have been allowed to re-grow in a mammary fat pad keep the characteristics of the original tissue, including expression of the TVA receptor. The continued expression of TVA allows for the introduction of genes to study tumor progression and invasion in vivo. Lentiviral vectors were modified to carry a Luciferase/GFP reporter within a Gateway cassette that bears the candidate gene. Genes associated with tumor progression and metastasis have been cloned into RCAS and lentiviral vectors pseudotyped for ENV A.


Results: At all IOP levels the IOP readings were highly dependant on corneal thickness (p 0.05). Axial length had no effect on applanation tonometry at all IOP levels (p>0.05). The dependence of the IOP reading on corneal thickness is shown in the "Dresdner correction table".


ABSTRACT Sport training involves repeated bouts of exercise and high volume of physically demanding practice sessions and competitive games, which may lead to decline on performance, oxidative stress, and inflammation (Margonis  K. et. al., 2007, Finaud J. et. al., 2006). Handball is considered a demanding exercise mode that places important stress on a player's aerobic metabolism. In addition, handball game involves a large number of anaerobic actions such as bodycontact, repeated accelerations, sprints, jumps, throwing, blocking, pushing, and rapid changes in moving directions (Ronglan L.T. et. al., 2006, Gorostiaga  E.M.  et. al., 2006). Studies in elite handball players have focused only on performance parameters like maximal muscle strength, sprint time, and jump height in response to a tournament (Ronglan L.T. et. al., 2006). During a competitive handball season, the demand for playing two games per week elevates the stress imposed to the athletes, thereby increasing the injury risk and performance decline due to fatigue and muscle damage. Most prevalent injuries in handball is today, without any doubt, an extremely traumatic sport and it will be getting even more so with reference to the increase of strength, speed, and rhythm of the game. Numerous injuries which occur during the training process and games do not differ greatly with reference to age and sex (Wedderkopp  N. et. al., 1997, Junge  A.  et. al., 2004).


Summary A method is described for the partial purification of a human plasma factor which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of tissue thromboplastin. This factor may be dried from the frozen state, and may be kept in stable dry form for long periods of time. The quantitative assay of this activity is done in a classical two-stage prothrombin system using tissue thromboplastin and calcium. From its properties, it is concluded that this activity corresponds to factor V, labile factor and plasma Ac-globulin. Chemical and kinetic studies reveal that human factor V is active in plasma and is destroyed by thrombin. Human serum has little or no factor V activity. These results thus fail to support the postulated activation of factor V during clotting. All of the kinetic data are consistent with an enzymatic role for factor V in the formation of tissue prothrombin activator (thromboplastin).


Standardized patient registries provide a unique basis to get insight into cystic fibrosis (CF)‐related diabetes (CFRD), the most common comorbidity in CF.


The last decade has seen the painfully rapid rise in the use of methamphetamine, an illegal and dangerous drug with unpredictable effects on users. Also known as speed, ice, or crystal, methamphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that can be smoked, snorted, injected, or ingested. The toll it takes on users is high. However, the potential environmental health hazards from the labs that manufacture methamphetamine are also severe. For every pound of processed methamphetamine there are an estimated six pounds of waste. The recipes that so-called meth cooks use to produce methamphetamine are relatively simple and available on the Internet. Meth-amphetamine can be produced using over-the-counter drugs such as cold remedies, household products, and other easily available chemicals. Ingredients may include ephedrine, sodium hydroxide, red phosphorus , sulfuric acid, lithium, aluminum hydride, chloroform, alcohols, ethers, mer-curic chloride, and hydrochloric acid. The by-products and contaminants associated with metham-phetamine production vary, depending upon how controlled and sophisticated the production process is. Over-or underheating or improper mixing can generate toxic by-products such as lead oxide, aluminum hydroxide, mercury vapor, iodine, phosphine, and yellow phosphorus. These chemicals become a threat to all who come in contact with them when they are released into the air, septic systems, streams, or soil, or when they permeate furniture, carpets, or air vents. Since producing salable quantities of methamphetamine is not difficult, clandestine labs have been set up in houses, apartments, motel rooms, sheds, and motor vehicles. The latest (1999) national survey from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency showed over 7,500 clandestine lab seizures, with the largest numbers in western states such as California, Arizona, and Washington, followed by midwestern states such as Missouri, Iowa, and Arkansas. More labs are being found in previously little-affected regions such as New England. In addition, there has been a dramatic escalation in reported numbers since the 1999 survey, partially as a result of growing awareness and expertise among law enforcement officials. For example , Washington State officials seized 1,454 labs in 2000 (double the 1999 figure) and had seized that many again by October 2001. When in operation , the clandestine laboratories present a high risk of fires and toxic gas releases. Many of the initial ingredients and combinations made from them are potentially explosive. The labs also expose the cooks, their children, and their neighbors to toxic substances. When abandoned or seized, the labs pose new legal and …


Having read Tate's article soon after beginning my PhD studies (circa 2000), it was one of my earliest awakenings in the field. It had crystalized a prior visit to a Wisconsin classroom on culturally relevant pedagogy taught by Professor Gloria Ladson-Billings and the admonition she spoke to me after class: "Lou, we don't need another study on functions" (referencing the cognitively guided instruction dominant mathematics culture at my university). I understood this we. Our people. My people. It was the felt presence of my community and communities of the African and Caribbean diaspora upon whose hopes and dreams this work is pursued. Yet, Tate's call was the harbinger of a more intrusive element in the mathematics of our people—the mathematics education reform enterprise itself.


The primary objective of this study was to develop a particulate formulation for peptide delivery that would provide enhanced peptide stability, controlled release and the potential for targeting to specific tissues. Biodegradable hy- drophobic particles were prepared from poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) by both solvent evaporation and solvent diffusion methods. Bovine insulin was chosen as a model peptide for formulation development and evaluation. By form- ing a complex between insulin and protamine, 50% incorporation of the model peptide in PLGA particles was achieved and a sustained release of insulin was observed over one week with improved stability of insulin in the PLGA matrix. The formation of an insulin-protamine complex and the method of manufacture are important determinants of the physico- chemical characteristics of the particles formed. Preliminary evaluation of the deposition of the particles within skin was determined by fluorescent images following topical application to excised human skin. Microparticles with size above 7 μm remained on the surface of the skin. Nanoparticles (<1 μm) showed permeation into the viable epidermis and dermis with deposition concentrated around the hair follicles and sebaceous glands.


DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF A NEW COUNTER PRESSURE COMPRESSED AIR PROBE, THE "PAC PIEZOMETER PROBE" FOR SOLVING ALL PROBLEMS OF PORE WATER PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS.


A finite-difference numerical method for geometrical shock dynamics has been developed, based on the analogy between the equations and the supersonic potential equation. The method has proven to be a valuable tool for analyzing the complex nonlinear processes that occur in shock focusing. The approximate shock dynamics theory is able to capture the effects of initial Mach number and aperture angle on the focal region. The numerical results duplicate the strong, moderate, and weak shock behaviors observed in experiments, with good agreement for focal pressure and triple-point path. The primary error arises due to the inability of shock dynamics to allow regular reflection along the centerline. Adequate resolution of the focal region proves to be particularly important to properly judge the accuracy of the shock dynamics solution. The appropriate shock dynamics equations are developed for the case of shock propagation into a nonuniform media for a general equation of state with nonuniform freestream velocity. The modification of the numerical method to this more general problem is straightforward. The complete shock dynamics equations are derived for both perfect gas and water using the modified Tait equation. The results for propagation of a planar shock over cylindrical gas inhomogeneities shows excellent agreement with experimental results.

The propagation of sonic booms through the atmosphere provides examples of all major types of weak shock behavior. The extensive seismic network in Southern California, consisting of over two hundred sites covering over 50,000 square kilometers, is used to map primary and secondary sonic boom carpets. The results show sonic boom ground exposure under the real atmosphere is much larger than previously expected.


For (low cycle) fatigue design of steel foundation piles of composite bridges with integral abutments, not only traffic loads but also temperature loads as well have to be considered. Regarding this temperature fatigue load case, no specific rules and recommendations are given in EN 1991-2 (Eurocode 1: Actions on structures—Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges). The current paper proposes a simplified temperature load spectrum, to be used for (low cycle) fatigue design of constructional steel members of composite bridges with integral abutments. Therefore, effective bridge temperature hydrographs (100 year period) are derived by means of FE-calculations for various locations based on actual weather data. They are converted into pile strain hydrographs, taking into consideration residual strains and plastic deformations. The calculations are verified by laboratory low cycle fatigue tests and monitoring results. Finally, a design temperature load spectrum is proposed, based on classified temperature variations.


The methods of information theory and of irreversible thermodynamics are applied to membranes. Equations are derived for the negentropy production of a membrane maintain ing a concentration difference. The results are converted to bits. When applied to typical data for a nerve transporting Na+ against a concentration gradient, the equation gives for the negentropy or information production, H = 7.3 x 1013 bits/cm2 second. Enumeration based on Na+ : Cl~ : K+ = 1 : 1 : 10 gives a value of 4.3 X 1013 bits/cm2 second. In a classification of the significant problems of biophysics D anielli (1) listed four. Two of these relate intimately to membranes and their role in biological systems: cell permeability and cell electrophysiology. It is almost mandatory, then, to inquire into the behavior of membranes from the point of view of information theory. For if information theory is to have relevance to important biological problems, a coherent relation should be exhibited for membrane phenomena. This attitude was exhibited in the initial attempts to discuss biological problems within this discipline in Quastler's pioneering book (2). The formidable complexity of biological membranes is a recurring theme in the immense amount of experimental data which are being accumulated. Phenomena encountered in biological membranes may range from those explainable by the assumption of simple pores of various sizes, to those requiring charged pores, and on to those necessitating a picture of the surface as possessing pores, binding sites, permeability barriers, enzymes, and transport mechanisms. It is possible, however, to ignore the details of structure and specific mechanism —as is usually the case in thermodynamics—and formulate a limited model of membrane activity satisfactory to our analysis. Thus membranes may be classified by the manner in which they react to or treat a given substance. If we schematize the membrane as separating two media in each of which the reference substance is soluble, calling one region the 'inside' and the other the 'outside', we may introduce the following notation: Indifferent: A membrane is indifferent to a substance if the concentration of that substance is the same on both sides of the membrane at all times. Thus Q = C0, for all t. * This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, AT (30—1)—892. 197


In this paper, a new asinh-type control scheme with gravity compensation for the position control problem of robot manipulators in joint space is presented. The properties and characteristics of the asinh control structure make the position error and the motion velocity asymptotically converge to the equilibrium point. A strict Lyapunov function to formally prove global asymptotic stability is developed. The tuning of the control gains is obtained by PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) technique without saturating the servomotors. To illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheme, an experimental comparative analysis between the proportional-derivative (PD) and atanh controls against the proposed algorithm on a three degrees of freedom direct-drive robot manipulator is carried out.


Resumen en: Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most economically important fruit in Myrtaceae. Cuban breeding program has been limited to the selection and int...


This chapter describes basic developments in U.S. domestic humanitarian law since the September 11 attacks. Important new rules emerged from domestic judicial decisions in several states in the post–September 11 era. Courts produced decisions about how to characterize a state's extraterritorial armed conflicts against nonstate actors; who a state lawfully may detain or target during those conflicts; the detention review processes a state must conduct; and what restrictions should attach to detainee transfers, among other topics. This case law can be termed "domestic humanitarian law" (DHL). The DHL emerging from different jurisdictions offered a way to develop international humanitarian law, akin to the U.S. constitutional idea that U.S. States serve as experimental "laboratories" in which different approaches to problems are tested. U.S. courts were a major player in this undertaking. Notwithstanding the stated interest by the Fourth Restatement of Foreign Relations Law's reporters in updating the Third Restatement to better reflect major geopolitical changes since 1987, however, and notwithstanding the fact that DHL is a new, plentiful, and important reflection of those changes, there seems to be an unspoken consensus that DHL would be a poor subject for the Fourth Restatement to take up. The chapter considers why this is the case and what it says about U.S. "war on terror" jurisprudence.


Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary Lumbar discitis(PLD).Method:Clinical data of 10 PLD cases treated from Aug.2004 to Dec.2008 were reviewed retrospectively.There were 6 males and 4 females with the mean age of 52 years(range,26-79 years).At admission,three cases had slight back pain,2 cases had back pain and severe leg pain,only 5 cases had severe back pain.All cases had fever range from 37.8℃ to 40.0℃(average 38.3℃).Prior to discitis,4 cases had diabetes mellitus,2 had invasive exam of prostate,2 had urinary tract infection.Leucocyte count showed normal in 6 cases,increased in 4 cases.ESR and CRP increased in all cases.Preoperative bacterial cultures showed positive in 2 cases,one bacillus coli of blood and one staphylococcus aureus of urine.Involved level was L2/3 combined L3/4 in 1 case,L4/5 in 5 cases,L5/S1 in 4 cases.CT scan showed end plate irregular destruction of vicinity vertebrae in 9 cases(L5 pedical erosion in 1 case).MRI exam showed involved level uneven low signal changes in T1 phase,and well-distributed high signal changes in T2 phase in 9 cases,abnormal signal of involved disc accompanied by vertebral canal tumor in 1 case.Five cases diagnosed as PLD were treated with bed rest absolutely and antibiotic administration,of these,3 young patients healed without operation after conservative treatment,2 cases underwent surgery due to irresponsibility to conservative treatment.While for the other 5 cases,3 were diagnosed as tuberculosis and 2 as tumor,received operation.Seven patients experiencing surgery had pathologic test and antibiotic treatment.Result:Pathologic etiology was infection in 7 cases undergoing surgery.All cases were followed up from 8 to 24 months(average,18 months).Three patients receiving conservative treatment had back pain relieved after 1 week treatment,ESR and CRP returned to normal after 6 weeks.Lumbar X-ray showed no unstability at 12 month.In seven patients experiencing surgery,all had back pain relieved or even disappeared,ESR and CRP returned to normal at 2 to 5 days,2 weeks and 2 to 3 weeks post-operation respectively.All had complete bone union at 3 to 5 months follow-up(mean 3.4months)with no instrument failure noted.All cases returned to normal activity and began to work at 5 months,except for 1 case developing new pathological changes at adjacent vertebra after 6 months.Conclusion:PLD is easily misdiagnosed on its early stage due to lack of specificity on clinical symptoms.Conservative treatment is effective for young patients.Operation should be considered for patients irresponsible to conservative treatment or havng severe symptom.


Introduction: The history of intravenous therapy began with the discovery by Sir. Williams Harvey. The first practical application was by Dr. Thomas Latta, who used infusion of saline to treat the intractable diarrhea. Approximately 90% of patients in acute care setting receive some form of intravenous infusion therapy. Over one fourth of hospitalized patients receive intravenous therapy for fluid replacement and administration of drugs. It is also recognized that intravenous therapy exposes the patient to a considerable variety of hazards and less commonly to grave danger. The incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis is related to with the length of time, I.V. line in place, composition of fluid or medication infused, size of the cannula and the site of insertion, improper anchoring of the line and the introduction of microorganisms at the time of insertion.Methods research approach: Pre-experimental research design (one group pretest–postest design) was used Here in this study two groups were taken and observed after the independent variable were introduced (application of warm compress and magnesium sulphate on superficial thrombophlebitis). The setting for this study was the selected area of hospital at Ambikapur, Chhattishgarh. Sample were selected by using purposive sampling technique and then assigned into two groups; Group –A and group-B. The Pre–test was taken using a semi structured superficial thrombophlebitis scale, selected socio-demographic and clinical variables. Following the pre- test interventions were carried out for both groups. Warm compress application was given to group-A for 20 minutes and magnesium sulphate application was given to group-B by dipping the gauze in the solution and applied on superficial thrombophlebitis, which was applied till next dressing change. Study comprised of 60 patients (Group A-30 Patient & Group B-30 patient) with superficial thrombophlebitis. Semi- structured questionnaire was used for collecting the data. It consists of tools.Section A: Selected Socio-demographic profileSection B: Selected clinical variables profileSection C: Semi- structured superficial Thrombophlebitis scaleSemi-structured superficial thrombophlebitis scale, selected socio-demographic and clinical questions were submitted to seven experts in the field of medical surgical nursing, expert were selected on the basis of their clinical expertise, experience and interest in the problem being selected. Tool validity was done and tool found reliable. The reliability coefficient was calculated by using karl Pearson formula to determine reliability coefficient. The value of 'r' was found 0.98, hence the tool was reliable. Study found feasible after pilot study.Result: Sample characteristic were analysed by using frequency and percentage. Mean, mean difference and standard deviation and 't' test were done for analysing the effectiveness of warm compression and magnesium sulphate application on superficial thrombophlebitis. Chi-square test was computed to determine the association between the selected clinical variables in both group. The comparison between warm compress application and magnesium sulphate application was found by using paired 't' test which showed The calculated 't' value 22.22 and 8.9 respectively is greater than table value (t59=2.00). Mean difference of pre-test and post-test score of Group A (1.8) is greater than mean difference of pre-test post- test - score of group-B(1). This shows that there is significant difference between warm compress and magnesium sulphate application in reducing the superficial thrombophlebitis at 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: Significant reduction in superficial thrombophlebitis with warm compress application and magnesium sulphate application, which shows that both interventions are effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis. Significant difference between the effect of warm compress and magnesium sulphate application, which shows that warm compress application is more effective than magnesium sulphate application on superficial thrombophlebitis.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with the impaired balance of CD4 + T cells. This trial is a descriptive study to evaluate the expression of CD4 + T cell cytokines, interleukin (IL) ‑2, IL‑4, IL‑17, TGF‑β, and respectively related transcription factors, including T-bet, GATA3, RORγt and FoxP3 in MS patients. Sixteen relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients receiving interferon beta (IFN-β)-1a in the stable phase of the disease and 14 healthy control volunteers (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The expression of cytokines and transcription factors was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients using real time PCR. The results of this study showed that the expression of IL-2 ( P ≤0.05), IL-4 ( P ≤0.05), IL-17 ( P ≤0.05) and RORγt ( P ≤0.01) in PBMCs of RRMS patients were significantly higher than those in HCs. The expression of TGF‑β, GATA3, and FoxP3 were higher but the RORγt expression was lower in the patients than HCs without reaching significant value. Observed results indicated differences in immune system cytokines of healthy volunteers and the patients that were in the stable phase and under immunomodulatory therapy especially in proinflammatory mediators. Therefore, any therapeutic strategy to restore the immune system balance is desirable in RRMS patients.


We quantify the sensitivity of investments to policy uncertainty by drawing on the Northern Pacific's massive land grant and the ensuing political battle that generated significant uncertainty to title from 1879 to 1894. Focusing on irrigation because of its high asset specificity, our analysis exploits the spatially exogenous extent of the grant to identify causal effects on investment, inclusive of spillovers to secure land because coordinated investment is generally necessary to capture the scale economies of irrigation. We find that the uncertainty significantly deterred and delayed irrigation investment in Montana, which lowered the state's economic activity by up to 5 percent. Large numbers of settlers are occupying such [railroad grant] lands, and it is important to them to know whether they can receive their titles from the United States, or whether they will be required to purchase from the railroad companies. The prevailing uncertainty necessarily retards improvements and impairs values. (Noah C. McFarland, General Land Office Commissioner, US Department of the Interior 1882, p. 11) Large numbers of settlers are occupying such [railroad grant] lands, and it is important to them to know whether they can receive their titles from the United States, or whether they will be required to purchase from the railroad companies. The prevailing uncertainty necessarily retards improvements and impairs values. (Noah C. McFarland, General Land Office Commissioner, US Department of the Interior 1882, p. 11)


The probability of Ni K-shell ionisation induced by 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 MeV protons scattered into theta P=90 degrees and 180 degrees has been measured. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical SCA predictions.


This study aims at the development of the techniques for the rainfall forecasting in river basins by applying neural network theory and compared with results of Multivariate Model (MVM). This study forecasts rainfall and compares with a observed values in the San Chung gauging stations of Nakdong river basin for the rainfall forecasting of river basin by proposed Neural Network Model(NNM). For it, a multi-layer Neural Network is constructed to forecast rainfall. The neural network learns continuous-valued input and output data. The result of rainfall forecasting by the Neural Network Model is superior to the results of Multivariate Model for rainfall forecasting in the river basin. So I think that the Neural Network Model is able to be much more reliable in the rainfall forecasting.


The classical method for measuring chromaticity is to slowly modulate the RF frequency and then measure the betatron tune excursion. The technique that is discussed in this paper instead modulates the phase of the RF and then the chromaticity is obtained by phase demodulating the betatron tune. This technique requires knowledge of the betatron frequency in real time in order for the phase to be demodulated. Fortunately, the Tevatron has a tune tracker based on the phase locked loop principle which fits this requirement. A preliminary study with this technique has showed that it is a promising method for doing continuous chromaticity measurement and raises the possibility of doing successful chromaticity feedback with it.


Failure modes of polycrystalline alumina in compact-tension specimens were studied using the scanning electron microscope. Microcrack propagation was monitored under large magnification. Starting with a preexisting chevron notch, it was found that cracks propagated in a branching manner along the boundaries, that is, intergranular fracture occurred. Based on these experimental observations, a finite-element method was developed based on continuum damage mechanics. A Voronoi diagram was used to generate realistic grain structure for alumina. Numerical analysis of a specimen under pure tension was conducted to show similar features of crack propagation. The effects of different damaging rates for the bulk and shear moduli on peak stress and softening are given. It is shown that the combination of reduced damage of the shear modulus and the restriction of tortuous cracking along grain boundaries results in a significant enhancement of strength in the composite ceramic over the material strength in the grain boundary.


Thickness-shear mode piezoelectric thin films with high electromechanical coupling coefficient $k^{\prime}{}_{35}^{2}$ are attractive for quasi-shear mode FBAR and shear horizontal (SH)-type SAW devices. In 2007, our group reported $k^{\prime}{}_{35}^{2}= 6.8\%$ for a polycrystalline ZnO film with a 23° tilt to the surface normal. Furthermore, in 2020, our group reported that Mg-substituted ZnO significantly improves thickness-extensional mode $k_{t}^{2}$. In this study, we report the fabrication of c-axis tilted MgZnO films. By using Mason's equivalent circuit model including both quasi-shear mode and thickness-extensional mode, quasi-shear mode electromechanical coupling coefficient $k^{\prime}{}_{35}^{2}$ and thickness-extensional mode electromechanical coupling coefficient $k^{\prime}{}_{t}^{2}$ were estimated to be 5.0% and 0.97%, respectively. The resonator excites not only fundamental mode but also 2nd overtone mode because of an existence of a piezoelectrically inactive layer. Therefore, Mason's model including piezoelectrically inactive layer showed good agreement with the experimental data.


We report the observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering and lasing at 1550~nm in barium fluoride (BaF$_2$) crystal. Brillouin lasing was achieved with ultra-high quality ($Q$) factor monolithic whispering gallery mode (WGM) mm-size disk resonators. Overmoded resonators were specifically used to provide cavity resonances for both the pump and all Brillouin Stokes waves. Single and multiple Brillouin Stokes radiations with frequency shift ranging from $8.2$ GHz up to $49$ GHz have been generated through cascaded Brillouin lasing. BaF$_2$ resonator-based Brillouin lasing can find potential applications for high-coherence lasers and microwave photonics.


Morphological features of melt crystallized cis-1,4-polybutadiene (cPBD) were examined by means of polarized light microscopy. Three samples of similar molecular weight characteristics but different levels of long-chain branching were studied. The two low-branching samples exibited typical spherulitic morphology. The spherulites were of banded texture at higher crystallization temperatures (T c ); the band period decreased with decreasing T c and eventually became unidentifiable at T c < ca.-40°C. The spherulitic growth rate decreased significantly with the increasing level of branching


ABSTRACT The production of healthy pineapple seedlings for commercial plantations has been one of the main limiting factors of the species, and the search for improvements to meet this demand has been constant. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare different propagation strategies (natural tillering, stem sectioning, and micropropagation) in three commercial cultivars 'BRS Imperial', 'Pérola', and Gold 'MD-2' of pineapple. Three methods of vegetative propagation were evaluated: conventional, stem sectioning, and micropropagation. The evaluations consisted of the number of seedlings produced by each method and the period for their development until planting in the field. According to the conventional propagation technique results, the young seedling type in the cultivar 'Pérola' was more abundant. In the propagation by sectioning the stem, the 'BRS Imperial' cultivar presented the highest number of seedlings. Regarding the micropropagation technique, the highest production of shoots was observed in the third subculture for all cultivars, especially for 'BRS Imperial', which presented the highest total number of shoots in all subcultures. It was concluded that the micropropagation technique proved efficient in producing uniform seedlings on a large scale, in addition to having an advantage in the greater number of seedlings produced compared to the other methods studied.


As they have been in the past, pharmacists are ranked among the most trusted professionals, according to the results of an annual Gallup poll. These trusted healthcare professionals are easily accessible to most Americans, with nearly 60 000 community pharmacies in the US. Approximately 18% of these pharmacies have CLIA-waived status and can perform any of the approximately 120 CLIA-waived tests.

In addition, many pharmacists are now helping patients make drug dosage decisions in specialized Coumadin and diabetes clinics, among others. With healthcare dollars and physician time stretching thin, the easy access to pharmacists is an attractive way for many patients to receive medical care. But what does this mean for the clinical laboratory community? Do pharmacists receive the proper training to perform and interpret laboratory tests, and how do we ensure the quality of testing?

Here we talk to 4 experts, 2 pharmacists and 2 laboratorians, to discuss this rapidly changing space. Additionally, a list of suggested reading materials is provided in a Supplemental file that accompanies the online version of this article at http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol62/issue5.

What kinds of testing are pharmacists now involved with? Are they all CLIA waived or do they also order non–CLIA-waived tests?

Alex Adams: In a recent study, more than 10 800 pharmacies in the US were reported to hold a CLIA waiver. Thus, pharmacies are currently the fourth leading CLIA-waived facility in the country. Of these pharmacies, 99.85% held only a CLIA waiver, and thus very few pharmacies are currently providing non–CLIA-waived tests.

Interestingly, the number of CLIA waivers varies by pharmacy format. More than 43% of supermarkets with pharmacies hold a CLIA waiver; by contrast, only 24% of traditional chain pharmacies, 5% of independent pharmacies, and 4% of mass merchant pharmacies hold a CLIA waiver. Recent publications have documented the growth of …


This article describes a map of potential conflicts and the mechanisms used to resolve conflicts in the best tourist villages in Indonesia, namely Panglipuran Bali, Nglanggeran Yogyakarta and Cisaat, West Java. The three villages were chosen by the researchers because they had different conflict characteristics and resolution mechanisms, so the coping strategies were also used in different ways. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method as a strategy of inquiry. The research subjects and locus were carried out among stakeholders, village tourism actors, local communities and tourists in the three villages which were the locus of this research. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews supported by extensive observation and document studies. The results of this study show that conflicts over the management of tourism objects in Panglipuran Bali can be overcome by using a customary institutional approach. Meanwhile, in Nglanggeran, Yogyakarta, the role of youth as actors is important in overcoming conflict. In Cisaat Village, efforts to resolve conflicts involve formal institutions such as the village administration.


Asymmetrical grid faults occur more frequently and have more adverse effects on the doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) than symmetrical grid faults in the transmission system.The transient response of DFIG under asymmetrical grid faults is analyzed firstly.Meanwhile,operation behaviors of several low voltage ride-through(LVRT) techniques under severe asymmetrical grid faults are given by simulation with the Matlab/Simulink software.Then the characteristics of these LVRT techniques are further researched and analyzed based on the simulation results.Finally,the economies of these LVRT techniques are discussed.The conclusion lays a certain foundation for engineering development of these LVRT techniques.


In 1777, one hundred and fifty-one years ago, Dr. George Christoph Lichtenberg, Professor of Physics in the University of Göttingen, observed that under certain conditions an electric discharge produced curious and strangely beautiful figures. Lichtenberg's apparatus and circuit arrangement were very simple and can readily be reproduced. Place a pane of glass on a metal plate connected through a spark-gap to the outside coating of a Leyden jar. Connect the tinfoil on the inside of the jar to a metallic electrode, touching the upper surface of the glass plate. When the Leyden jar is discharged, figures are produced on the glass surface around the point of contact of the electrode. These figures may be made visible by sifting some light powder, (such as lycopodium), over the glass surface. By using flower of sulphur and finely powdered red lead, or other colored powders, the different shapes of the negative and positive figures may be shown in an impressive manner. With the discovery of photography almost a century after Lichtenberg's day, a much more convenient method was obtained for visualizing the phenomena. In 1888, J. Brown and E. T. Trouvelet found that figures similar to those obtained by Lichtenberg could be obtained photographically by replacing the glass or rubber plate with a photographic plate; the emulsion side being placed in contact with the electrode. On developing the exposed plate, very beautiful figures were obtained. As the photographic plate makes a permanent record greatly superior to the dust figures, the latter are seldom used, and the photographic records are generally referred to as Lichtenberg figures although photographic Lichtenberg figures would be more specific. (To give a general view of the phenomena discussed, a number of typical positive and negative Lichtenberg figures for various forms of impressed electric surges or impulses were shown on the screen. The true Lichtenberg figures were differentiated from figures produced by brush discharges and glide sparks.)


Ouabain, a digitalis related compound which is known to inhibit the Na-K ATPase pump in vitro (Brody, 1974), caused severe impairment of sperm motility and acrosome reaction (Nelson & McGrady, 1981). Chulavatnatol & Yiudepit (1976) demonstrated an increase in Na-K ATPase sensitivity to ouabain inhibition in rat sperm, when it migrates from the epididymal head to its cauda. The effect of digitalis and related compounds on human spermatozoa has not been clearly established. Moreover, although it has been shown that a Na-K ATPase is present in human spermatozoa, only a partial inhibition by ouabain has been demonstrated (Nelson & McGrady, 1981). Due to these inconclusive results, the aim of this in vitro study was to analyse the influence of different exogenous digoxin concentrations on normal human spermatozoa progressive motility. This study was performed in vitro on 14 samples of normal semen. All the volunteers gave their informed consent to participate according to the Helsinki Convention. The participants mean age (± s.d.) was 19.2 + 0.7 years. None was on any medications and they denied drug addiction. After ejaculation and liquefaction, each semen sample was analysed (volume, spermatozoa concentration, motility and morphology) using the Multiple Exposure Photography Technique (MEP). Briefly, one semen drop was placed in a 10 ,um counting chamber subdivided into 100 squares (each measuring 0.1 x 0.1 mm2). With the aid of a still camera mounted on a phasecontrast microscope, moving spermatozoa were photographed during 1 s while being illuminated by stroboscopically induced light pulses. Projected images of photographed spermatozoa were marked on sheets of paper from which the percentage of mobile sperms, morphology, velocity and sperm concentration can be calculated. The sample was considered normal when the ejaculate had above 20 x 106 ml-1 volume, the percent of progressive motility was equal or above 50% and the percent of pathological morphology was less than 40%. Each sample was diluted 2:1 in Tyrode solution, washed and centrifuged at 300 g for 10 min. The pellet was re-suspended in 4 ml of Tyrode solution. Aliquots (0.5 ml) of this re-suspended solution were used for the study. Digoxin was obtained from TEVA Pharmaceuticals Ind. Ltd. The re-suspended spermatozoa-Tyrode solution was added to a control tube (digoxin free), and to final concentrations of 0.1 ng ml-', 1.0 ng ml-', 10 ng ml-' and 100 ng ml-1 digoxin concentrations. All the tubes were incubated at 370 C. Spermatozoa concentration (millions ml-1 volume), percent of progressive motility (%) and mean spermatozoa velocity (,um s-1) were determined periodically in each digoxin final concentration at 0, 1, 4 and 8 h after


Malfunctions in equipment and components are often sources of reduced productivity and increased maintenance costs in various industrial applications. For this reason, machine condition monitoring is being pursued to recognize incipient faults in the strive towards optimising maintenance and productivity. In this respect, the following lecture notes provide the basic concepts underlying some methodologies of soft computing, namely neural networks, fuzzy logic systems and genetic algorithms, which offer great potential for application to condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for maintenance optimisation. The exposition is purposely kept on a somewhat intuitive basis: the interested reader can refer to the copious literature for further technical details.


A beta spectrometric method for the rapid determination of strontium-90 (Sr) in water samples was developed and tested. Sr is extracted directly from the water samples by means of a scintillator cocktail, containing the crown ether dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 as an extracting agent (STRONEX). Minimal clean-up is necessary when other beta nuclides are present, such as barium-140. These nuclides are eliminated by a barium chromate scavenge, prior to the extraction step. The method presented here allows for the investigation of at least 12 water samples a day and is therefore a suitable tool for emergency analysis.


We introduce a notion of generic real algebraic variety and we study the space of morphisms into these varieties. Let Z be a real algebraic variety. We say that Z is generic if there exist a finite family {Di }n i=1 of irreducible real algebraic curves with genus ≥ 2 and a biregular embedding of Z into the product variety ∏n i=1 Di . A bijective map φ : Z → Z from a real algebraic variety Z to Z is called weak change of the algebraic structure of Z if it is regular and its inverse is a Nash map. Generic real algebraic varieties are "generic" in the sense specified by the following result: For each real algebraic variety Z and for integer k, there exists an algebraic family {φt : Zt → Z}t∈Rk of weak changes of the algebraic structure of Z such that Z0 = Z , φ0 is the identity map on Z and, for each t ∈ Rk \ {0}, Zt is generic. Let X and Y be nonsingular irreducible real algebraic varieties. Regard the set R(X, Y ) of regular maps from X to Y as a subspace of the corresponding set N (X, Y ) of Nash maps, equipped with the C∞ compact-open topology. We prove that, if Y is generic, then R(X, Y ) is closed and nowhere dense in N (X, Y ), and has a semi-algebraic structure. Moreover, the set of dominating regular maps from X to Y is finite. A version of the preceding results in which X and Y can be singular is given also. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 14P05 (primary); 14P20 (secondary).


This paper proposes Software Copy Protection and Licensing techniques based on Xrml and PKCS#11 standards. The purpose of the techniques is to increase the strength of software copy protection and preventing illegal distribution of software, which in turn protects intellectual property and secures the financial benefits for the vendors. The paper proposes a flexible, readable yet secure license structure based on Xrml. The licensing system is combined with two different protection techniques, Protection using Smart Tokens and Protection using Internet Activation Server. The paper illustrates how to map the license structure to grant records used in protection and Rights Management using PKCS standard. Finally, the paper proposes a full system architecture providing different licensing schemes useful in software market.


Abstract : This report presents the application of the cyclomatic complexity requirement within a military system to improve reliability, quality assurance, and maintenance for the embedded computers within the 155 mm self-propelled Howitzer Improvement Program (HIP). The cyclomatic complexity requirement was used in HIP based on research and documentation described in: (1)NBS 500-99, Cyclomatic Complexity Metric and (2) 1985 Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, The Application of Software Test Tools. Results from the Joint U.S. Army - Israeli Defense Force HIP are impressive and the report highlights significant achievements within the software engineering discipline and applications within embedded computers within military systems.


OBJECTIVE To develop a method to determine the dissolution of dihydroartemisinin tablets by HPLC, that supplied method and parameter for quality control. METHODS By investigating rate, the mixed solvent of 0. 35% CTAB ethyl alcohol (7:3) was made dissolution media, with 100 r·min~(-1) rotary speed, HPLC method determined and calculated dissolution percent component of dihydroartemisinin. RESULTS The calibration curve was linear in the range of 50. 2-301. 2 mg·L~(-1) (r = 0. 999 9). The average recovery rate was 99. 5%. CONCLUSION The method is accurate and sensitive with high reproducibility. It can be used for quality control of dihydroartemisinin tablets.


My car is dirty. The sporadic rains of the last week or so haven't washed away all of the road grime and bird poop. Under the current water-use restrictions in Greensboro, I can't wash my car in my driveway, but I can go to a commercial car wash.


This research condenses information subtracted from the work done in the company Audifarma SA from Pereira. This company which is characterized as a leading organization in the country in the provision of drugs and medical devices at the institutional level has identified a problem in the information management of the operation in both normative and contractual compliance. This work contributes to this goal and the fact that Audifarma SA has experienced in the last 5 years a significant growth in its operation, has generated the need for ever more resources to information management. The methodology to develop this project will be with the administrative areas that support this operation, so that they have a single tool that allows them to support decision making based on historical information and analyze it, but it occurs in a decentralized manner as this is given by the fact that there are variety of applications, databases and tools in the organization. This research seeks the improvement of this process so it establishes recommendations that allows the company AUDIFARMA SA observe the failures that have had over the years and improvements justified in the information management are proposed, ensuring a reduction in processes related areas, along with a satisfaction in a potential long term customer.


Measurement systems for low-frequency electromagnetic inspection of metal tubes require one or more exciter/pick-up coil pairs for measurement of inner diameter, wall thickness and electromagnetic properties (electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability) of tube material. When designing such systems, it is essential to model how the changes in coil separation and excitation waveform will affect the sensitivities to the tube properties. Furthermore, a model, if employable in inverse procedures, would also enable model-based measurement of the tube properties. In this paper, we present relatively simple, but exact analytical model of magnetic field distribution of an exciter coil within the tube. We compare predictions of the model and previously published results of finite element analysis and experiments. This comparison validates the model for design purposes and confirms its applicability for model-based measurement


This invention teaches an encapsulated fuel unit for a nuclear reactor, such as for an enriched uranium fuel plate of thin cross section of the order of 1/64 or 1/8 of an inch and otherwise of rectangular shape 1 to 2 inches wide and 2 to 4 inches long. The case is formed from (a) two similar channel-shaped half sections extended lengthwise of the elongated plate and having side edges butted and welded together to define an open ended tube-like structure and from (b) porous end caps welded across the open ends of the tube-like structure. The half sections are preferably of stainless steel between 0.002 and 0.01 of an inch thick, and are beam welded together over and within machined and hardened tool steel chill blocks. The porous end caps preferably are of T-316-L stainless steel having pores of approximately 3 to 10 microns size.


This article considers the new boundaries of influence among Fuyuge speakers in the Udabe Valley (Central Province, Papua New Guinea [PNG]). These new boundaries have arisen through the conjunction of epochal shifts implicating the PNG State, and local forms of ritual. On the one hand the PNG State's particular advocacy of widespread resource extraction is coupled with its need to comply to signed agreements of international bodies such as the World Trade Organization. Both have consequences for the way boundaries are newly conceived with respect to the 'land' ('landowners') and with respect to 'culture' ('cultural property'). On the other hand, peoples such as the Fuyuge create and recreate local boundaries of influence through the performance of ritual conversions - as regards persons, place names, or collective names. At the same time a local Fuyuge perspective on 'culture' suggests that its boundaries be delineated, analogous to the definitions of boundaries for 'landowners' compelled by mining operations. The article highlights connections between these local changes and the current concerns of PNG academic scholars to mandate the protection of localised PNG cultural property, an outgrowth of current epochal alterations.


Figure 1, A point cloud of Aalto University's Startup Sauna. In modern society, people tend to spend more time inside buildings than outdoors. Nevertheless, indoor spaces are – by far – less digitised than Earth's surface. Modelling more indoor spaces from 3D measurements would satisfy many needs, and especially so if those measurements could be done rapidly, cost-effectively and accurately. Mobile scanning is a promising technology in this context.


One day,Tim's father stayed at home with Tim.It was 9:00.It was time to go to bed.But Tim is anaughty boy.He didn't want to go to bed.His fathersaid to him:"I'll tell you a myth,then you must fallasleep.Please don't make troubles."The words thatfather said had a good effect,Tim agreed."I'll tell


Background: Pregnancy causes the inconvenience or physical complaint which
may induces depression. The midwife's role to deal with it through health
education is very important. Objective: To investigate the effect of the health
education on the pregnant mothers' attitude in dealing with the convenience
during pregnancy of Trimester III.
Method: This research used the quasi experimental quantitative research method
with the one group pre and posttest design. The samples of research were taken by
using the proportionate random sampling technique and consisted of 42
respondents. The data of research were collected through questionnaire and
statistically analyzed by using the Wilcoxon Test aided with the computer
program of SPSS.
Result: Prior to the delivery of health education, 52.4% of the respondents had a
negative attitude in dealing with the inconvenience during pregnancy of Trimester
III. Following the delivery, 64.3% of the respondents had a positive attitude as
indicated by the result of the Wilcoxon Test in which the p-value was 0.000, and
the score of Z was -3.561.
Conclusion: There was an effect of the health education on the pregnant mothers
attitude in dealing with the convenience during pregnancy of Trimester III at the
working region of Community Health Center of Tawangsari, Sukoharjo.
Keywords: Health education, attitude, inconvenience during pregnancy of
Trimester III


This article explaines the basic part of JPEG image compression algo rithm. JPEG2000 image compression algorithm provides many new features against s tandard JPEG algorithm as well as improved compression rate and efficiency. Ba se d on its characteristics and the status of the Internet, it will have clear p ros pect in its application in network and other area.


this article uses the software of proe and cad to design various wheelchairs for different people according to the formulas of different part of human body.And with programming language,Vb and Access database,the wheelchair's inquiry software is developed.


Multi‐imaging modalities should be considered in patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs) in which the degree of right ventricular enlargement is not fully explained by the small size of ASD found on conventional transthoracic echocardiography. We report a case of crescent‐shaped superior sinus venosus ASD discriminated using real‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. MDCT confirmed its relationship with the superior vena cava and the absence of combined anomalies, such as the pulmonary venous return anomaly.


Background:  Mites of the genus Suidasia are commonly found in house dust and may play an allergenic role in exposed populations. However, the allergenic potential and clinical impact of this genus has not been well established. The main objective of this project was to evaluate the allergenic role of the mite Suidasia medanensis.