It was found that seasonal frost was penetrating below the pier wall of the Riley Creek Bridge (in central Alaska) to form an ice lens at its base. This together with adfreeze forces on the piles created jacking forces that raised the pier. When the soil thawed, the pier resettled but not to the elevation of the previous summer. The solution entailed the elimination of the effects of the jacking forces. A major consideration in the design was providing enough room to remove the problem pier. Foundation alternatives for the replacement pier fell into the category of two deeply driven heavy section piles outboard of the existing superstructure to avoid disrupting traffic. Details of the repair procedure are summarized. Qualilty shop and field welding were required for successful fabrication and erection of the replacement pier and hanger bar and pin assemblies, as well as the successful rehabilitation of the bridge.


The invention belongs to the technical field of electric appliance equipment, and especially relates to a refrigerator ice-discharging system and a refrigerator with the system. The refrigerator ice-discharging system comprises an ice storage box. A driving device is arranged on the ice storage box. An ice breaking unit and a stirrer are arranged in the ice storage box. The driving device rotates horizontally, and is connected to the ice breaking unit and the stirrer through a driving linkage part. The driving device drives the stirrer and the ice breaking unit to rotate. According to the ice-discharging system provided by the invention, a mode switching device in prior art is eliminated, an ice-discharging system structure is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the system is easy to assemble and dissemble. The driving device rotated horizontally, and can rotate bidirectionally, such that the ice stirrer of the ice-discharging system can rotate forwardly and reversely. The driving device has the advantages of good safety, low noise, small volume, and low cost.


National governments and employers have argued that it is important for all sectors of education to prepare individuals who are able to think well and for themselves. 'Good thinking' and 'thinking well' are commonly used terms bound up with what is called 'critical thinking' in the research literature. Evidence is presented in this paper, however, which suggests that not all students may be good at critical thinking; nor do some teachers appear to teach students 'good thinking' skills. A review of the research literature in this area was undertaken and the methods and conceptions of teaching likely to inhibit and enhance critical thinking are outlined, as well as what is required to improve students' thinking skills. Ways forward in teaching critical thinking, and in helping students to learn to think well and for themselves, are described and discussed.


other Germans who migrated to Siberia and Central Asia from the settlements mentioned above, and those Germans who had entered the Russian Empire after the inclusion of the lands of partitioned Poland, namely, Germans from Volhynia and Carpatho-Ukraine. However, there is little evidence in Ktihl's descriptions to justify this categorization. He bases his text on standard secondary works, as well as on articles dating from the period after the Second World War. These were consulted only because of the lack of more recent studies of the period after the deportation of Germans to Siberia and Central Asia. No primary sources seem to have been consulted. All in all, Ktihl's book is a good introduction for non-German Danish readers to an important nationality problem for Russia and the Soviet Union.


s, by illustrating four main types of thematic patterns to present how themes develop in a text, the general percentage of each theme-rheme pattern in 15 abstracts from the journal Applied Linguistics and presenting its effects on the semantic relation among sentences. From the observation, we can see the general tendency: this genre is, approximately, correspondent with a certain thematic pattern. What we have examined will, hopefully, provide novice writers with some guidance in thesis writing.


Aryl-substituted hexacarbonyl(hexapentaene)diiron complexes undergo facile intramolecular CC bond cleavage on treatment with [Fe3(CO)12] to yield the corresponding bis(µ3,η2-allenylidene)–iron complexes; the X-ray crystal structures of phenyl-substituted bis(µ3,η2-allenylidene)–iron and related allenylidene complexes are determined.


This paper considers the synchronized output regulation (SOR) problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems with switching graph. The SOR means that all agents regulate their outputs to synchronize on the output of a predefined common exosystem. Each agent constructs its local exosystem with the same dynamics as that of the common exosystem and exchanges the state information of the local exosystem. It is shown that the SOR is solvable under the assumptions same as that for nonlinear output regulation of a single agent, if the switching graph satisfies the bounded interconnectivity times condition. Both state feedback and output feedback are addressed. A numerical simulation is made to show the efficacy of the analytic results.


Large-scale graph analytics is a central tool in many fields, and exemplifies the size and complexity of Big Data applications. Recent distributed graph processing frameworks utilize the venerable Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP) model and promise scalability for large graph analytics. This has been made popular by Google's Pregel, which provides an architecture design for BSP graph processing. Public clouds offer democratized access to medium-sized compute infrastructure with the promise of rapid provisioning with no capital investment. Evaluating BSP graph frameworks on cloud platforms with their unique constraints is less explored. Here, we present optimizations and analyses for computationally complex graph analysis algorithms such as betweenness-centrality and all-pairs shortest paths on a native BSP framework we have developed for the Microsoft Azure Cloud, modeled on the Pregel graph processing model. We propose novel heuristics for scheduling graph vertex processing in swaths to maximize resource utilization on cloud VMs that lead to a 3.5x performance improvement. We explore the effects of graph partitioning in the context of BSP, and show that even a well partitioned graph may not lead to performance improvements due to BSP's barrier synchronization. We end with a discussion on leveraging cloud elasticity for dynamically scaling the number of BSP workers to achieve a better performance than a static deployment, and at a significantly lower cost.


The photographic collection of the prestigious Spanish geologist Eduardo Hernandez-Pacheco is found in the Biblioteca Historica Marques de Valdecilla of the Universidad Complutense of Madrid. It is made up of approximately 3,000 photographs on glass supports dating back to the first half of the 20th century, most of which were taken by the geologist. They feature an average format (8.5 x 10 cm) and contents linked to his specialty, with an abundance of landscapes from Spain and Portugal. The specific characteristics of the collection called for the design of an ad hoc methodology for the documentary processing of the artifacts, bearing in mind their origin, their value (geographic, geological and photographic) and their recovery for use by other historians, scholars and researchers. This article covers the photographic collection of the eminent professor and the methodology for its documentary processing as a model for application to similar collections.


We demonstrated a high-density shift-register-based random access memory system based on rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) logic. This memory system was developed to be integrated with bit-serial RSFQ microprocessors, which are called the CORE e series. It is composed of a shift-register array to store data, a decoder to select the shift register pointed to by a given address, and mergers to output data. To achieve high density, we introduced a new memory system structure and designed compact storage elements and other peripheral components. We integrated two 256-bit memory systems (32 entries for 8-bit data and instructions each) with a CORE e microprocessor and fabricated it using the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 10-kA/cm2 Advanced Process. The area occupied by each memory system is 2.69 mm2. We obtained correct operations for all of the addresses in low-frequency tests. The typical measured bias margin was 86%-106%.


In the present study the investigator studied professional commitment among secondary school teachers with respect to gender and locale. Data was collected from 500 government secondary school teachers selected randomly from Amritsar and Ludhiana district. Results revealed significant difference in professional commitment among male and female government secondary school teachers of Amritsar district whereas no significant difference was found among male and female secondary school teachers of Ludhiana district. Moreover, it was found that no significant difference in professional commitment among rural and urban secondary school teachers of Amritsar district but significant difference exist among rural and urban secondary school teachers of Ludhiana district.


Corus Tubes recently completed its first insulation coating pipeline project after several years of development and investment in its joint venture coating facility, BSR Pipeline Services, located at Corus' pipe mill site in Hartlepool, UK. Paul Collier, Coatings Manager for Corus Tubes, explains how the process works.


Corrosion of oil country tubular goods not only causes huge economic loss, but also brings serious environmental pollution. Stress corrosion cracking of oil country tubular goods in the sulfur-containing environment is the principal corrosion failure form in the exploitation of oil and gas process. Therefore, extensive investigations on hydrogen sulfide corrosion of steels for oil country tubular goods have been carried out. The aim of this work is to review the research progress on the hydrogen sulfide corrosion performance of steels for oil country tubular goods. The influence of alloy elements, defects, environmental factors and mechanical factors on hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistance of steels for oil country tubular goods were discussed. The future work in hydrogen sulfide corrosion performance of oil country tubular good and new sulfur-resistant steels for oil country tubular goods development were prospected.


Background: Mastectomy mean surgical removal of all breast tissue and used as surgical treatment of breast cancer patients, follow up after surgery is very important for detecting abnormalities at the mastectomy. Aim: value of ultrasound (U/S) examination at mastectomy bed. Patients and methods: A prospective study included 100 female patients that underwent mastectomy and attended to Benha teaching hospital for follow up examination. 10 patients excluded (as 7 patient refused to participate , 3 patient not adherent to follow up),so the finally total 90 female patients were referred for, clinical examination following U/S examination, and the final result depend on histopathological correlation or follow up 6monthes for at least one year. Results: 10 patients out of 90 had US suspicious feature and after biopsy, 8 patients of them proved as recurrence. Conclusion: patients after mastectomy had risk for recurrent breast cancer so regular Follow-up U/S examination for early detecting abnormalities at the mastectomy site.


Digital competence is one of the eight key competences, defined in the European qualification framework for lifelong learning, and it is a universal asset in the current computerized reality because it provides good educational perspectives and social prosperity. Digital competence is defined as skillful and correct use of electronic resources at work, for leisure and communication and is based on a high level of ICT literacy. Amongst the priority directions within the programs of Europe 2020 Strategy is the improvement and actualization of digital skills of all EU citizens regardless of their age, residence or economic status, so that they may participate fully in the digital society and the labor market. A key factor for promoting digital competence, which meets the requirements for information society as early as school age, is the role of teachers, their university formation and continuous postgraduate qualification. The present study focuses on specifying the conceptual meaning of "digital competence" for students in pedagogy, formed in the process of their education. The debatable character and different interpretations of the more general term "competence" invite different definitions of "digital competence". The complex character of teachers' integral professional competence complicates the creation of a universal content framework of digital competence. In this sense the present study is limited to determining the fundamental meaning of digital competence, and it serves as a basis for further analysis of different ICT education models in the training of students in education.


BACKGROUND
 Daytime urinary incontinence (UI) is common in childhood and often persists into adolescence. UI in adolescence is associated with a range of adverse outcomes including depressive symptoms, peer victimisation, poor self-image, and problems with peer relationships. First line conservative treatment for UI is bladder training (standard urotherapy) which is aimed at establishing a regular fluid intake and a timed schedule of toilet visits. Success of bladder training is strongly dependent on good concordance, which can be challenging for young people.

 OBJECTIVE
 This paper describes the development of a smartphone app (URApp) which is aimed at improving concordance with bladder training in young people aged 11-19 years old.

 METHODS
 URApp was designed using participatory co-design methods and was guided by the Person-Based Approach to intervention design. Core app functions were based on clinical guidance and included setting a 'daily drinking goal', recording fluid intake and toilet visits, reminders to drink and go to the toilet, and recording progress towards drinking goals. The development of URApp comprised four stages: (i) review of current smartphone apps for UI; (ii) participatory co-design workshops with young people with UI to gather user requirements and develop wireframes; (iii) development of URApp prototype; and (iv) user testing of the prototype, qualitative interviews with 23 young people aged 10-19 years with UI and/or urgency and eight clinicians. The app functions and additional functionality to support concordance and behaviour change were iteratively optimised throughout the app development process.

 RESULTS
 Young people who tested URApp judged it to be a helpful way of supporting their concordance with a timed schedule of toilet visits and drinking. They reported high levels of acceptability and engagement. Preliminary findings indicated that some young people experienced improvements in
their bladder symptoms including a reduction in UI. Clinicians reported that URApp was clinically appropriate and aligned to bladder training best practice guidelines. URApp was deemed age appropriate with all clinicians reporting that they would use it within their own clinics. Clinicians felt URApp would be of particular benefit for patients whose symptoms were not improving or were not engaging with their treatment plans.

 CONCLUSIONS
 The next stage is to evaluate URApp in a range of settings including paediatric continence clinics, primary care and schools. This research is needed to test whether URApp is an effective (and cost-effective) solution for improving concordance with bladder training; reducing bladder symptoms; and improving quality of life.

 CLINICALTRIAL


cases without difficulty. The Delphi method is a consensusbuilding technique involving multiple rounds of polling a panel of experts, who usually remain anonymous to each other. The Delphi method was neither appropriate nor practical for use in our study, which was performed in six medical centers in compliance with privacy rules and the requirements of institutional review boards. Second, Campion et al. wondered why we did not provide CGS scores. As a qualitative measure, the CGS is designed for ranking the likelihood that an adverse anesthetic event represents an incident of MH.2 The expert panelists' assessment of the MH diagnoses (shown in table 1 of our article1) was based on the individual CGS scores along with other clinical characteristics. We did not present CGS scores because the number of MH incident cases (n = 11) included in our study was too small; providing individual characteristics for such a small sample would be problematic according to the conventional statistical reporting standards and personal privacy protection laws. Third, Campion et al. question our decision to include MH susceptibility based on positive medical history in assessing the accuracy of MH diagnoses. Although we agree that the documentation of MH susceptibility in the medical record may not be entirely accurate, we do not agree that "the data of the study itself suggest that this is not valid." Our study provides valuable data for assessing and interpreting MH diagnoses ascertained from hospital discharge records. It is noteworthy that diagnoses in hospital discharge records include both incident and prevalent cases. Therefore, it is necessary for us to consider both MH episodes occurring during the hospitalization and preexisting MH susceptibility in assessing the accuracy of MH diagnoses in hospital discharge records. The results of our study indicate that MH diagnosis listed in hospital discharge records has a positive predictive value of approximately 70%, which is similar to the findings regarding diagnoses of cerebrovascular disease and congestive heart failure.3 Finally, Campion et al. suggest that we should have used the caffeine–halothane contracture test, instead of medical record review, as the reference standard. Although we agree that the caffeine–halothane contracture test is widely regarded as the "accepted standard" for determining MH susceptibility, its specificity is less than 80%,4 and performing this test to confirm the diagnosis of MH susceptibility would not have been feasible for our study. We reviewed medical records for six institutions to retrospectively estimate the accuracy of coding for MH in hospital discharge records. The study proposed by Campion et al. could only be performed prospectively. Given the rarity of MH cases, such a study is unlikely to ever be performed.


Feature selection is an important problem for pattern classifier systems. As compared to unsupervised feature selection methods, supervised feature selection approaches have better performance when the given training samples with supervised information are sufficient. However, in reality, usually only a few labeled data are obtained, since obtaining class labels is expensive but many unlabeled data can be easily gotten. For this case, directly using the existing supervised feature selection algorithms may be failed because the data distribution may not be accurately estimated only by using a few labeled data. So, in this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised method for feature selection, called Semi_Fisher Score, the new model attempts to effectively simultaneously utilize all labeled and unlabeled samples for improving the performance of the classical Fisher Score. Experiments on 4 UCI datasets by using three different classifiers(KNN, RBFNN and C4.5)show the effectiveness of our algorithm.


Extant research on the relation between voluntary disclosure and the cost of equity capital assumes that management discloses information to credibly adjust investor expectations and, thus, lower cost of capital. My study is motivated by the low likelihood that all management forecasts yield the credible information underlying the beneficial effect on cost of equity capital. I survey the literature on management forecast incentives and find that expectations management and corrections are major management forecast motivations. I expect these motivations to be less effective in conveying credible and truthful information and reducing information uncertainty. As expected, relative to firms with transparency-motivated management forecast policies, firms with policies containing higher percentages of forecasts motivated by expectations management and corrections have higher cost of equity capital. Relative to firms that do not forecast, firms with transparency-motivated policies have lower cost of capital; firms with corrections-motivated policies also have lower cost of capital but to a lesser extent than transparency-motivated firms; and firms with expectations-management-motivated policies do not have lower cost of capital. Thus, evidence suggests that underlying forecast motivations impact the management earnings forecast policy-cost of equity capital relation.


The purpose of this paper is to argue for rule extraction as an integral part of data mining. The paper contains two case studies where rule extraction is used for typical data mining tasks. More s ...


This essay weaves together the personal experiences of the author's life in Catholic-Jewish dialogue with a brief survey of relations on all levels between Jews and Christians. Acknowledging the efforts of Protestants as well as Catholics, it notes that the Jewish-Christian dialogue has been a major ecumenical effort in our time. Noting some of the problems and conflicts that have arisen in Catholic-Jewish relations, especially on the level of relations between the Holy See and the Jewish People, the author notes efforts made by both communities to resolve the difficulties and to establish teaching about each other that can be passed on to future generations, so that never again can the evil of Antisemitism hold sway among Christians.


We obtain possibly valuable information about the phase diagram of rather dense composite particles at high fermion as well as boson number density but low temperature, which is not accessible to relativistic heavy ion collision experiments. Our calculations could qualitatively measure the number of thermodynamic degrees of freedom at the time at which the matter (produced in heavy ion collisions which might be a deconfined quark-gluon plasma) comes into approximate local thermal equilibrium and begins to behave like a hydrodynamic fluid. Possible observational signatures associated with the theoretically proposed states of matter inside compact stars are discussed as well.


Fgf9 is the most important signal factor implicated in mediating the proliferation of Sertoli cells and the cord formation in testis morphogenesis of vertebrate.With the cloning principle of expressed sequence tags,sequence splicing and RT-PCR were applied in the cloning of novel gene from Holstein cow and analyzing its expression pattern in various cow tissues.The bioinformatics analysis on the sequence and protein results of Fgf9 was conducted.Results indicated that Fgf9 was located at cow 12 chromosome,with full-sequence of 697bp.The open reading frame is 627bp in length and encodes a deduced amino acid sequence of 208 residues.The molecular weight of Fgf9 protein is 23.38245kDa,and its pI is 7.0600.RT-PCR demonstrated the correctness of its ORF.Fgf9 was expressed in each tissue.No obvious homology with other cow cDNA was found for Fgf9.The GenBank accession number EU693028 was achieved.Function and structural analysis indicated that Fgf9 has a typical FGFs conserved domains,receptor interaction site and heparin binding site.It was predicted that Fgf9 has no signal peptide.


Aleksandar Donev,1, ∗ Eric Vanden-Eijnden,2 Alejandro L. Garcia,3 and John B. Bell4 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O.Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551-9900 Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012 Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, 95192 Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720


This paper introduces a n-way sensitivity analysis for Gaussian Bayesian networks
where it studies the joint effect of variations in a set of similar parameters.
The aim is to determine the sensitivity of the model when the parameters that describe
the quantitative part are given by the structure of the graph. Therefore, with
this analysis it studies the effect of uncertainty about the regression coefficients and
the conditional variances of variables with their parents given in the graph.


Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the M3 subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the French-American-British (FAB) classification system [1], is a distinct clinical and pathologic subtype that accounts for approximately 10% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. The unique features of APL have been well described [2-4] and include a characteristic morphologic appearance [5], a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 15 and 17 [6], younger age of onset [7], and severe consumptive coagulopathy with a high incidence of early fatal hemorrhage [3,8-10]. This coagulopathy is frequently exacerbated by cytotoxic chemotherapy, probably a result of leukemia cell lysis with release of procoagulant intracellular contents [11,12].


226 eterotopic teeth are identified as teeth placed at distance from the dental arch, in a different organ. Even though impaction of a wisdom tooth in dental arches is a common condition, heterotopic tooth placement is rare. Etiology of the heterotopic tooth growth is not well known but it is usually caused of wrongly positioned tooth germ, lack of space, trauma, migration, genetic predisposition, cleft palate or odontogenic infections.1-4 Heterotopic teeth might be located in many different spaces; such as meatus acusticus externus, nasal septum or nasal fossa.5-9 Also, there are a few cases in the literature that reported a heterotopic tooth in the infratemporal fossa.10,11 Radiologic Findings of a Heterotopic Maxillary Third Molar


In the context of discrete multivariable optimal linear quadratic regulator and reinforcement learning, this paper is attained to an investigation on PNLMS algorithm for online approximated solution of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation. The PNLMS-based algorithms is designed to estimate the parameters of value function that is guided by Heuristic Dynamic Programming approach. The problem is characterized as approximation problem of cost value function that is computed without dynamic system model, but only by the measurements of states and action of interaction between the real world system and controller engine design. The proposed PNLMS-based algorithm is evaluated in a simplified mathematical model of the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft that is a multivariable system. The performance of PNLMS-based algorithm is compared with those of RLS-based and LMS-based algorithms. These comparisons are performed in terms of convergence aspects and computational cost for online implementations of optimal design methodlogy.


and could, therefore, not be sustained. But the argument is not convincing. International Private Law constitutes a branch of national law. It emanates from a national law-giver whose municiple courts have to apply it. Thus basic principles of that national law of which a certain international private law forms a part are effective in it. This maxim holds good in particular here. The principle of equality is proclaimed by the Bonn Constitution. Constitutional law has preference in Germany. Its rules are superior to other legal provisions. Article 17 EGBGB has, therefore, to recede and to give away to the governing principle of equality as proclaimed in Art. 8 of the Constitution. In view of this situation it is completely irrelevant whether other countries have adopted the principle of equal rights for married women or not. This position is a sequence of Arts. 8, and 117 of the Bonn Constitution. The situation were different if the Bonn Constitution included an exception laid down in respect of Art. 17 EGBGB. This is not so. The only remedy is to alter the constitution by means of a double two-thirds majority; without this procedure the bar to equality remains removed from Art. 17 EGBGB. The result is that in respect of divorce the law of the country of nationality of the petitioner, at the moment when the proceedings are commenced, has to be applied.


Actually, a company become competitive when it acquires the capacity to introduce new and differentiated products in the market. Aspects as cost, time, adequate use of the information technology and processes quality in the development of products are basic requisites to conquest of the competitiveness. Other aspect are in attitudes models that must be used permanently in the work processes. These are disciplines (rule) that it acquires importance in the productive aspect the measure that focuses changes in the paradigm of accomplishment of the works and in its boarding. The disciplined exercise of attitude allows to the development and acquisition of individual and collective abilities that improve the exploitation of some features (personal time, techniques and capacities). All these aspects are important and critical to the software companies with requirement of methodologies to decide problems in reduced time, with effective and optimized participation of users and specialists, to a minimized cost. In this direction, the simultaneous software engineering offers this handling in the software processes of design, adding the manufacture methodologies and incorporating mentality attitudes that add quality to the computational technologies,. This article approaches these decisive factors and aspects to the implantation and conduction of a simultaneous software engineering analyzing the variants that are excellent to reach the waited results.


Accountants encounter a lot of new challenges when we enter WTO. On the basis of analyzing the practical situation of our accountants, the author put forward his measures,that is renewing the ways of thinking; improving their professional quality; reforming the education of accounting; and consolidating the construction of work ethics.


This chapter seeks to analyze the implementation and integration of alternative means of dispute resolution in the European Union. Thus, from an initial approach to the various alternative means of dispute resolution, with particular emphasis on negotiation, conciliation, mediation and arbitration, will be held a comparative law analysis of the different legislative solutions adopted by the major EU Member States, allowing to determinate the degree of implementation and development of alternative means of dispute resolution in those Member States. Finally, there will be an analysis of the main legislative instruments adopted by the European institutions with a view to creating and developing alternative means of dispute resolution in Europe, indicating, in the end, some solutions and recommendations that are adequate having a view to effective implementation of alternative justice in the European Union.


In this paper,we study the Nehari manifold of a nonlinear elliptic equation. By investigating the compact imbedding theorem and the properties of homogeneous eigenvalue problem in weighted Sobolev space and exploiting the relationship between the Nehari manifold and fibrering maps,we discuss the properties of the Nehari manifold. Using these properties,we also derive out the existence and non-existence results for positive solutions of the equations.


A very important task of power units with high power capacity is their participation in the control of the national power system. One of the most important questions posed at work is whether a 370 MW power unit superstructured with a gas turbine in parallel and a heat recovery steam generator be able to take part in the national power system control and if such an upgrade will be economically effective. The analysis was carried out using a proprietary and novel mathematical model. The model takes into account, among others, the influence of the ambient temperature on the parameters of the gas turbine and the changes in thermal steam parameters at its steam extractions as a result of load changes. The results of the analyses showed that it is possible for the modernized unit to participate in the power system control. It can be done only by using a gas turbine with a variable power and a shut off option. The presented results of economic calculations show that at price and cost levels assumed for calculations, the turbine gas superstructure is at the threshold of viability and the investment carries a high degree of risk.


fulfils a specific social function, for example, opening up a new channel of communication. The concept of control is then something extraneous to that of physical causation. We need, therefore, to distinguish between the physics of a control system, i.e. a system for the transmission of energy, and its use in engineering as an instrument for putting into effect certain human decisions. It is doubtful whether in this respect one can talk of a control system without reference to the social purpose which it fulfils. Cybernetics, by introducing engineering concepts into the study of the central nervous system, has overlooked that they are heavily impregnated with value judgments. The failure to give an adequate analysis of the concept of control may yet prove to be its Achilles heel. W. MAYS.


One of the major challenges to transformation in Africa is insecurity due to socio-religious upheavals. The level of insecurity in some countries in Africa is so high that it poses great threat to transformative bids in various facets of governance. Constant security reports in the audio-visual and print media are largely on the negative to the point that one is forced to assume that the experience is now the order of the day. The perpetrators of the evil act seem to be taking advantage of concentration of security vigilance on city-centres rather than local settings where the recruitment and training of the hoodlums seem to be carried out more. This implies that there is the need for an administrative procedure that will easily detect and nip the socioreligious upheavals in the bud. This paper therefore, proposes the indigenous administrative procedure of king and his counsellors in South-west Nigeria to transform the African societies to a more peaceful atmosphere. This is because the indigenous administrative virtues being proposed accounted for the enduring peaceful scenarios in the traditional African societies.


D-glucose is proposed as a cheap biodegradable alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents. By performing glucoCEST imaging during and after administration of glucose, an approach referred to as dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI, information about glucose delivery and uptake can be obtained. However, the small DGE signal changes at 3 T can easily be corrupted by motion. Furthermore, standard retrospective motion correction may erroneously alter true DGE signal, which may lead to misinterpretation. We designed a numerical head phantom that can be used for validation of motion correction and providing insight into the corresponding effects in vivo.


espite high immunization rates in infants and children inmany countries, the respiratory disease named whoopingcough, or pertussis, remains endemic, with epidemics occurringevery 2 to 5 years (1). Although this pattern has persisted since theprevaccineera(2),theincidenceofthediseasehasbeenincreasingsteadily over the last 2 decades (3–6). Moreover, some countriesand some states in the United States have reported a rise in cases,leading to numbers of cases similar to those observed in the 1940sand 1950s, when vaccination was just becoming widespread (4).In regard to the possible factors that contribute to this epidemio-logic situation, much attention has been given to waning immu-nity associated mainly with the introduction of acellular vaccines,but another factor contributing to these outbreaks may be theadaptation of the causative agent,


The paper tries to analyze the existing problems and their causes in developing the library document resources in the technical and vocational colleges as well as the colleges for adults, pointing out that the above colleges should seek to restructure and optimize the document resources with the goal of information sharing if they want to put an end to the current backward situation . And some advice and suggestions are given concerning the document resources optimization strategy .


We consider the stability margin of a vehicular formation with distributed control, in which the control at each vehicle only depends on the information from its neighbors in an information graph. The stability margin is measured by the real part of the least stable eigenvalue of the closed-loop state matrix, it quantifies the system's convergence rate due to in itial errors. In [1], [2], it was shown that with symmetric control, in which two neighbors put equal weight on information received from each other, the stability margin of a 1-D vehicular platoon decays to 0 as O(1/N 2 ), where N is the number of vehicles. Moreover, a perturbation analysis was used to show that with vanishingly small amount of asymmetry in the control gains, the stability margin scalin g can be improved to O(1/N). In this paper, we show that, with judicious asymmetric control, the stability margin of the closed loop can be bounded away from zero uniformly in N . Asymmetry in control gains thus makes the control architecture highly scalable. The results are also generalized to D-dimensional lattice information graphs that were studied in [3], [4], and the correspondingly stronger conclusions t han those derived in [3], [4] are obtained.


Here, we report the observation of anomalous cusp-like paramagnetic peak over the native diamagnetic background of three-dimensional topological insulator Bi$_{1.5}$Sb$_{0.5}$Te$_{1.7}$Se$_{1.3}$ in magnetization measurements. Similar to that reported in Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$, Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ and Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$, the paramagnetic response, which is confined within a narrow magnetic field range, is robust against temperature and shows linear in field decay from the zero field value. The reconstruction of surface state with time is clearly reflected in the reduction of peak height with the age of the sample. This confirms that the paramagnetic response is originating from the singularity in electron spin orientation at the Dirac node of spin-momentum locked topological surface state. The interplay between metallic surface and insulating bulk is also visible in the electrical transport response. The field dependence of the resistivity shows weak anti-localization effect at low temperatures causes due to the two conducting surface channel.


The empirical circuit model of FE device prc~posed in this paper represents the output I-V characteristic in the entire range of non-linear largc signal operation regime. The simulation results of Si-tip FED operation are presented for which the complete circuit model of FED is constructed with the parasitic effects such as photo-current and cathode capacitance taken into account. It is also shown that PWM is preferred to PAM for the driving scheme of Si-based FEA with its superior output responses insensitive to the parasitic effects.


Objective To analyze the characteristics of injury among aged population in urban and rural areas in Sichuan and provide basis for the development of relevant policies and intervention measures.Methods The old patients who seek medical care for injury for the first time in sentinel hospital from 2006 to 2008 were taken as study subject to analyze the distributions,severity and outcomes of injury.Results A total of 4176 injury cases in urban area were investigated(the sex ratio of the cases was 1∶1.08),and 2319 injury cases in rural area were investigated(the sex ratio of the cases was 1.12∶1).The first 2 sites where injury occurred were at home and on street both in urban and rural areas.The injuries mainly occurred between 8∶00 a.m.and 10∶00 a.m.both in urban and rural areas with the peak at 10∶00 a.m.The direct causes of injury both in urban and rural were tumble and traffic accident.The first 3 injury sites on body were head,upper limb and lower limb in both areas.The proportion of the injury cases with mid severity in rural area(36.0%)was higher than that(26.7%)in urban area.Conclusions The characteristics of injury among aged population in urban area and rural area in Sichuan province were same in some aspects,but different in others.The control and prevention of injury can be carried out by improving old people's awareness of health protection and the construction of public facilities by government according to the risk factors and pattern of injury occurrence.


Major differences between moss and vascular plant genome sizes have major implications for stomatal biology whilst an absence of endopolyploidy in Sphagnum is most probably related to the unique development of the capitulum.


ence to recent attempts to discover a specific remedy, have appeared within the past year. Dock (Am. Med., Pliila., 1906, February 24) gives the result of a clinical study of thirty-two consecutive cases of exophthalmic goitre, which, as well as simple goitre, is somewhat prevalent in the district round Michigan. The etiologic factors in Dock's cases differ from those usually regarded as important, especially in the scanty history of hereditary nervous disease, worry, shock, and fright. As a rule, the malady came on without any certain cause, though in many cases there had been some antecedent acute illness.


The true in-situ retorting of oil shale, conducted underground, makes complete reclamation of the surface of the ground possible and feasible. Massive movement of ground is not necessary since surface features have remained virtually unchanged and wells are easily covered. In contrast, much movement of rock is required when shale is mined and then the burnt shale returned to the ground. When shale is mined and retorted, the retorting process changes the rock's structure such that a larger than original volume is encompassed by the rock, making complete replacement of the spent shale impossible. The major environmental problem encountered in above ground retorts, the need for large amounts of water during processing, is not encountered in the true in-situ process. On the contrary, the water produced due to the combustion of kerogen and oil and pumped out with the oil at the production wells becomes a resource when it is separated from the oil and other retort products. At that point the water is suitable for animal use, and has even been considered for use in development of fisheries near the oil shale sites.


Objeective To establish detection of cobalt in urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectro- photo metry.Method After matrix modifier PdCl_2-NH_3H_2PO_4-HNO_3 being added into urine specimen,the cobalt was defected by WFX-110 atomic absorption spectrophotomcter.Results The linear range of cobalt was 0-500μg/L,the correlation coefficient was0.999,recovery rate was 91.2%-98.0%,the relative standard deviation was under 10%,and the detection limit was 2.5μg/L.The results of 18 urine samples obtained from this method were in agreement with that from polarography (t=0.535,P0.05).Conclu- sion The method is sensitive.It has a wide linear range,and the result is accurate.It can be used for detec- tion of cobalt in urine in workplace.


The objective of the study was to study the distribution, severity status, farmers' knowledge, impacts and management practices of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The Shannon Diversity Index (SDI), the evenness, species richness and Jaccards Similarity Index (JSI) was calculated from the recorded weed samples. Correlation of vegetation variables among and between sampled Administrative Kebeles' was analyzed by SPSSv20 software. The result of the study indicates that out of the sampled 160 respondents 92 (57.5%) of them heard about wild radish plant as a weed and the rest of 68 (42.5%) of the respondents did not know this plant as a weed. Among the respondents 88 (55%) of them identify R.raphanistrum plant as a weed. There was high negative correlation between mean R. raphanistrium density and Shannon diversity index with R 2 = 0.642, p<0.001. This study showed that high infestation level of R . raphanistrum was observed in Horro district followed by Abayi Chomen, Amuru and Jima Rare districts. The highest and lowest mean population (±SD) of R. raphanistrum per quadrate was recorded at Horo (249.82 ± 34.67) and Jima Rare (13.72 ± 14.16), respectively. The biodiversity impact of R. raphanistrium at highly infested areas were more visible than the moderately infested areas. Horro and Abayi Chomen districts showed the lowest Shannon Diversity Index value of 1.78 and 2.12, respectively, due to the fact that, their species diversity was highly affected by the high population density of R. raphanistrium. Moreover, the standing herbaceous vegetation from the sampled sites of Horo district (Doyo Bariso and Gudina Abuna administrative kebeles) showed higher Jaccards Similarity coefficient (0.84), where there was high R.raphanistrium infestation level. The study proved that R. raphanistrum was emerged as invasive weed and have been disseminated into neighbor districts' and zones. Therefore, further research should be conducted to quantify the distribution, increases in species abundance as well as its impact on biodiversity and socio-economic aspects, which may support to contain R. raphanistrum distribution and planning on its prevention and management. Keywords: Abundance, distribution, invasive , Raphanus raphanistrum, severity, wald radish DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-24-02 Publication date: December 31 st 2020


Glycaemic derangement has been linked to sleep disruption. However, the impact of glycaemic derangement on sleep pattern among children with type 1 diabetes (C‐T1D) remains unraveled.


We investigate how the distribution of AIDS cases in the United States increased homophobia over time. Using pooled GSS surveys, 1973-1998, with state-reported AIDS cases, we estimate models for variation in homophobic attitudes as a function of the time-specific proportion of AIDS cases in a given state. AIDS incidence had a negative impact on civil rights attitudes during the period 1981-1998, but demonstrated an impact only on morality attitudes from 1986 to 1991.


Is there a preferred way forward for South African foreign policy in the context of the contemporary state of global order? Can such a path be taken in what is evidently a fluid global order context? If power alone does not determine leadership in this revised global order, especially in the context of middle, secondary or emerging powers, is a diplomatic path to South African leadership at some level possible? Does South African politics today and in the near future permit such a path? In addressing these questions, the article provides analysis at the global level, setting out the changed and further changing global order. It then delves into the role of middle or emerging and secondary powers focusing on the G20, as well as considering South Africa as a member of the G20 and the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), its role on the African continent, and finally, the possibility and promise of South Africa bearing 'multiple identities' in its foreign policy strategy going forward.


The experiment regarding material determination of a vehicle part was conducted. The experiment on stamping production of a part using the steels A, B and C was made. The strain data on the deformed parts were measured. The forming limit diagrams for the steels were examined and evaluated. The results show that three steels are unsuitable for this stamping part. The desired material properties with an optimal strain hardening exponent value were determined using experimental and analytical methods. The steel D was chosen as a desired material. The results show that the steel D is appropriate for mass production. In addition, the feasibility of the application of thinner material to this part was studied. The validity of the material selection was verified theoretically and experimentally.


Abstract Premise Aquatic macrophyte species abundance and nutrient affinity are used in metrics to assess the trophic condition of lakes and rivers. The development of these indices is often regional, with inter‐regional comparisons being complicated by the lack of taxonomic overlap. Here, we use a traits‐based approach to expand the geographic scope of existing metrics. Methods We generalized European trophic affinity values using the response of plant growth form to the light–nutrient gradient, then applied these values to sites in Canada. We evaluated the method's performance against the measured total phosphorus concentration (TP). Results Free‐floating and emergent growth forms were associated with enriched waters (>0.2 mg/L TP), whereas rosette forms were associated with oligotrophic conditions (<0.05 mg/L TP). The responses were longitudinally consistent, and the site scores among indices were highly collinear. Growth form–based scores were more strongly correlated with TP than were species‐based scores (0.42–0.56 versus 0.008–0.25). Discussion We leveraged the ecological relationship between increased surface water nutrient enrichment and the dominance of particular aquatic plant growth forms to generalize aquatic plant trophic indices. We demonstrated an approach for adapting species‐based indices to plant traits to facilitate a broader geographic application and simpler data collection, which could be used to develop an easily applied trait‐based method of assessing water nutrient status.


A variational method is used to study the shape of magnetic surfaces and particularly of the q = 1 separatrix during the resistive evolution of the q = 1 island. It is shown that, in the zero beta limit and in cylindrical geometry, the angle at the X-point is always zero for a monotonic safety factor profile and, therefore, it is unlikely that evolution of the q = 1 island on a resistive time-scale is possible with such a profile. Conversely, if the q profile has an inflexion point or a plateau, the angle decreases monotonically with increasing island size. If the angle would reach a value of zero, a singular current layer would appear. This is a non-physical situation which must be removed by some other mechanism, such as turbulence (resistive microinstabilities), viscosity or inertia effects. The impact of approaching the singularity on the onset of the sawtooth crash in the case of 'standard' Ohmic sawteeth is discussed and it is suggested that similar methods can be used to compute the appearance of singular current layers in astrophysical problems (for example solar flares).


BACKGROUND: TNBC has an especially poor prognosis in patients (pts) whose tumor does not respond to anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy. Approximately 50% will have chemo-insensitive disease (CID) resulting in extensive residual disease at the time of surgery. 40-80% of these pts will recur PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR)/RCB-0 + residual cancer burden (RCB)-I responses in TNBC pts, determined to have CID after anthracycline-based chemotherapy, then treat with atezolizumab + nab-paclitaxel preoperatively. TRIAL DESIGN AND STATISITCAL METHODS: Pts deemed to have CID on the ARTEMIS trial can enter this non-randomized phase II study. Pts without response to their initial chemotherapy cycles have a low likelihood (5%) of achieving pCR with additional cycles of chemotherapy. It would be clinically meaningful for pCR to improve to 20%. Counting pCR (RCB-0) or RCB-I as response given similar survival outcomes, a two-stage Gehan-type design will be employed with 14 pts in the first stage. If at least one pt responds, 23 more will be added. This design has a 49% chance of terminating after the first stage if the true response rate is 0.05, 23% chance if the true rate is 0.10, 10% if the true rate is 0.15 and 4% if the true rate is 0.20. If accrual continues to the second stage, the 95% confidence interval for a 0.20 response rate will extend from 0.10 to 0.35. BRIEF ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:Inclusion: localized TNBC enrolled onto ARTEMIS and determined to have CID at the time of response assessment after anthracycline chemotherapy, adequate organ, bone marrow and cardiac parameters. Exclusion: prior immunotherapy, IBC, history of autoimmune disease, HIV, Hep-B, Hep-C, active tuberculosis, pregnant. CORRELATIVE SCIENCE: Evaluate the presence and phenotype of TIL and other immune cell populations in tumor tissue pre/post treatment; determine changes in expression of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules on tumor cells and immune cells in the microenvironment; evaluate the immune repertoire and cytokine responses in serially collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum respectively. Citation Format: Litton JK, Moulder S, Helgason T, Clayborn AR, Rauch GM, Gilcrease M, Adrada BE, Huo L, Hess KR, Symmans WF, Thompson A, Tripathy D, Mittendorf EA. Triple-negative first-line study: Neoadjuvant trial of nab-paclitaxel and atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (NCT02530489) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-01-14.


Evocative and enigmatic, the Silk Road occupies a unique place in contemporary culture and international affairs. Across the world, it has captured the imagination as a story of camel caravans crossing desert and mountain, of precious goods moving between East and West, and of ideas, religions, and technologies migrating across land and sea. As China seeks to "revive" the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century, this compelling, yet poorly understood, narrative of history now serves as a platform for building trade, diplomatic, infrastructure, and geopolitical connections. The Silk Road: Connecting Histories and Futures is the first book to critically investigate the merits and problems of this fabled geocultural narrative of history and map out the role it plays in international affairs. Four thematic sections trace its rise to global fame as a domain of scholarship and foreign policy and as a celebration of peace and internationalism and how it created dreams of exploration and grand adventure. China's Health Silk Road and civilizational politics are among the themes discussed that open up the Silk Roads as a space for critical enquiry. Pathbreaking in its analysis, The Silk Road; Connecting Histories and Futures presents an entirely new reading of this increasingly important concept, one that is likely to remain at the center of world affairs for decades to come. Crossing borders and topics, the book sits at the intersection of world and cultural history, international relations, and cultural theory and will be of interest to scholars and general readers alike.


This paper presents the effect of the thermally induced residual stress on the RF characteristics of capacitive shunt Symmetric Toggle MEMS Switch (STS). The formation of residual stress is attributed to the thermal loading-unloading cycle of the switch at high temperatures during microfabrication process. Initially, 3D nonlinear FEM models are developed to simulate the thermal loading cycle and resultant deflection profile and induced residual stress are obtained. The STS switch is modeled in a shunt configuration on a 50Ω coplanar transmission line and corresponding scattering parameters (S-parameters) are obtained with and without considering residual stress. The RF characteristics has been improved due to the presence of the residual stress for the STS switch considered in this work.


Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for multiple clients to learn a joint model without directly sharing the data. In addition to high utility of the joint model, rigorous privacy protection of the data and communication efficiency are important design goals. Many existing efforts achieve rigorous privacy by ensuring differential privacy for intermediate model parameters, however, they assume a uniform privacy parameter for all the clients. In practice, different clients may have different privacy requirements due to varying policies or preferences.

 In this paper, we focus on explicitly modeling and leveraging the heterogeneous privacy requirements of different clients and study how to optimize utility for the joint model while minimizing communication cost. As differentially private perturbations affect the model utility, a natural idea is to make better use of information submitted by the clients with higher privacy budgets (referred to as "public" clients, and the opposite as "private" clients). The challenge is how to use such information without biasing the joint model. We propose
 P
 rojected
 F
 ederated
 A
 veraging (PFA), which extracts the top singular subspace of the model updates submitted by "public" clients and utilizes them to project the model updates of "private" clients before aggregating them. We then propose communication-efficient PFA+, which allows "private" clients to upload projected model updates instead of original ones. Our experiments verify the utility boost of both algorithms compared to the baseline methods, whereby PFA+ achieves over 99% uplink communication reduction for "private" clients.


Currently BGO (Bi4Ge3O12) is widely used for the detection of high-energy particles in space applications because of its high stopping power, the non-hygroscopic characteristics and its ruggedness with respect to mechanical stress. The new Cerium doped LSO (Lu2SiO5) offers the same benefits with higher light output capabilities and a significantly shorter decay time. We investigated key characteristics of an LSO scintillator in view of its use in space missions. We characterized the intrinsic spectrum which originates from the decay of 176Lu and showed that it consists of three different parts arising from different effects: the native intrinsic spectrum, chance coincidence effects and energy deposition in the readout photodiode. Furthermore we investigated the light-quenching of LSO for heavy ions with measurements performed at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. We found that LSO is a promising candidate for future space missions.


Frequent occurrence of various food safety incidences raised questions among all circles about the validity of food quality safety market admittance system. Therefore, exploring the validity of the system and finding out the mentality of its scientific development is a problem to solve. From the perspective of cost and benefit in food production enterprises, a questionnaire survey was administrated in certain city and statistical analysis was applied to results in the article. The authors summarized the characteristics, effects and problems in the implementation of the system and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the basis. Food quality safety market admittance system (QS admittance system) is an important administrative license system that the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine implements in order to improve the level of food safety, which means a supervision system that only producers who the conditions stipulated are permitted to produce and operate foods, including food production license system, food compulsory inspection system and food market admittance system. Since the system was implemented in 2002, it has played an important role in the aspects including regulating food market order, guaranteeing food safety and ensuring customers' health and safety, but various food safety incidences still happen frequently. Therefore, exploring the effects and validity of the implementation of the system and finding out the mentality of its scientific development is a problem to solve. From the perspective of public management, after the implementation of food quality safety market admittance system, the benefit main body involved by the system—government, enterprises and customers will play games. In the mode of market economy, the equilibrium of the game should be that the system not only realizes the public safety of food, but under its regulation enterprises can obtain sustainable development capacity. Therefore, the research carried out a questionnaire survey from the perspective of cost-benefit of market admittance in food production enterprises so as to understand the impetus and difficulty of the implement of the system in enterprises and provide evidences for its optimization. The research was conducted based on full sample questionnaire survey through telephone, fax and detention questionnaire survey in447 food production enterprises which had obtained food production permit over one year in certain city, and 188 effective samples were collected. Among food enterprises staff surveyed, legal representative accounted for 15.79%, unit responsible persons accounted for 11.84%, quality responsible persons accounted for 44.74% and other staff accounted for 27.63%; Among corporate economy surveyed, state-owned assets accounted for 6.82%, private assets (including individuals) accounted for 29.55%, collective assets accounted for 2.27%, assets which belong to limited liability company accounted for 38.64%, assets which belong to stock limited company accounted for 2.27%, enterprises funded by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan accounted for 1.14%, enterprises funded by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan respectively accounted for 11.36%, enterprises invested by foreigners wholly, or jointly with China, or foreigners accounted for 2.27% respectively. Data collection process is in charge of special program group, by means of interviewer management, program training, supervision, ensuring scientific and liable data source. 2. Cost-benefit survey in food production enterprises under admittance system


The paper presents the results of a one semester training program for third year undergraduate psychology students that had the purpose to enhance their basic psychotherapeutic skills (empathy, congruence, and non-conditional acceptance of the client). The research is a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design on undergraduate psychology students (N=59) aged 18 to 44. Aspects regarding professional competencies were assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory – Revised, the Profile of Emotional Distress, and the Proactive Coping Scale. To test for changes in their dimensions between the two experimental moments, the paired sample t-test was used. Statistical data analysis revealed significant improvements (p<0.05; small to medium size effects) in terms of openness, positive emotions, proactive coping skills, and changes on some facets of NEO PI-R Neuroticism dimension. Cuvinte cheie: învățare experiențială, psuhoterapie, abilități, formare.


Inthispaper, wepresentanadmissioncontrolwithmulti-pathroutingalgo-rithm that establishes QoS enabled label switched paths. The algorithmprovides rigorous QoS provisioning within the Differentiated Services(DiffServ)enabledmobilead-hocnetwork.Theproposedschemeworksbymerging the signaling with the routing messages. It directs QoS sensitivetraffic on multiple paths provided that each path satisfies the QoS require-ments of a flow. Decision for granting admission to the flow depends upontotal available bandwidth (considering the interference range), minimumdelay required by an application, and delay offered by the network in agiven DiffServ class. Extensive simulations are performed to measure theeffectiveness of the presented idea. It is observed that our scheme meetsstringent QoS requirements of real time flows compared to the existingQoS models. Each admitted flow gets low delay, low jitter and almostguaranteed bandwidth.


Mahogany seeds and betel leaf is a plant that is empirically used by the public as an alternative medicine and useful as an antibacterial. Mahogany seeds and betel leaves contain flavonoid compounds and saponins. This study aims to determine whether the combination of ethanol extract mahogany seeds and betel leaf has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and compare the combination of betel leaf mahogany seeds and the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. In this study each extract was obtained by percolation process with 70% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial test of ethanol extract a combination of both the test plants is determined by the diffusion method to determine the growth inhibition area with a concentration of 50% and a ratio of betel leaf mahogany seeds directly consecutive 1: 1, 1: 2 and 2: 1. The comparison used in this study is Betadine. Based on the research of antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract combination of mahogany seeds (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) And betel leaf (Piper betle L.) can be concluded that the combination of the ethanol extract of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and seeds mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) Have activity antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and the most effective combination is used in combination (2: 1) seed ethanol extract mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
Keywords : antibacterial, mahogany seeds, betel leave, Staphylococcus aureus


Daliangzi large-sized Pb-Zn deposit, located in the Western Margin of Yangtze Plate, is typical Pb-Zn deposit in the sichuan-yunnan-guizhou polymetallic metallogenic belt. Ore bodies are hosted in Sinian Dengying Formation dolostone as lenticular, vein and cystic. The ore minerals are mainly sphalerite, galena with minority of pyrite and copper, and the gangue minerals consist of dolomite, calcite and quartz. Ore minerals are always filled in the cracks or as the cement of dolostone breccia, which are characterized by epigenetic mineralization. Some researches have been done on the geological and geochemical features, and a wealth of achievements have been obtained, but there is few studies on the source of metallogenic materials and the features of metallogenic fluid. So in this paper, based on the previous researches, the geochemical characteristics of REE and some isotopes, including C, O, Sr, S and Pb isotope, of hydrothermal calcite, ore minerals, and some strata in the mining area were studied. As a result, some realizations on the source of metallogenic materials and the features of metallogenic fluid are concluded.


1. The Flushing Remonstrance, Dec. 27, 1657. The States General of Holland had issued a Charter of Freedoms in 1640 offering to newly settled towns self-government and partial relief from taxes in order to attract settlers to New Netherlands. As a result, Governor Kieft granted a group of Englishmen a charter for Flushing in 1645 which provided the right "to have and enjoy liberty of conscience, according to the custom and manner of Holland, without molestation or disturbance. . . ." Kieft's successor, Governor Stuyvesant, a strict Calvinist, vacillated in limiting religious freedoma. When flogging, deportation and property seizure failed to stop, among others, itinerant Quakers, from "preaching turbulently" against persecution, the Governor issued a placard proclamation fining any person who entertained a Quaker. Flushing viewed this as an interference with its charter rights and adopted the Remonstrance at a town meeting: "Right Honorable, "You have been pleased to send up unto us a certain prohibition or command that we should not receive or entertain any of those people called Quakers because they are supposed to be by some, seducers of the people. For our part we cannot condemn them in this case, neither can we stretch out our hands against them, to punish, banish or persecute them, for out of Christ God is a consuming fire, and it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. "We desire therefore in this case not to judge least we be judged, neither to condemn least we be condemned, but rather let every man stand and fall to his own Master. Wee are bounde by the Law to doe good unto all men, especially to those of the household of faith. And though for the present we seem to be unsensible of the law and the Law giver, yet when death and the Law assault us, if wee have our advocate to seeke, who shall plead for us in this case of conscience betwixt God and our own souls; the powers of this world can neither attack us, neither excuse us, for if God justifye who can condemn and if God condemn there is noe can justifye. "And for those jealousies and suspicions which some have of them, that they are destructive unto Magistracy and Minsterye, that can not bee, for the magistrate hath the sword in his hand and the minister hath the sword in his hand, as witnesse those two great examples which all magistrates and ministers are to follow, Moses and Christ, whom God raised up maintained and defended against all the enemies both of flesh and spirit; and therefore that which is of God will stand, and that which is of man will come to nothing. And as the


This study examines the associations of seasonal influenza severity as well as current and prior year's vaccine effectiveness with yearly influenza vaccination rates stratified by age groups.


Defocussing of the radio frequency beam arises from gravity-induced structural deformations as the 64 m Deep Space Network antenna rotates about the elevation axis. The subreflector controller generates the axial (z) and lateral (y) offset corrections necessary to move the subreflector, thus minimizing the gain losses due to this defocussing. The technique used to determine these offset errors is discussed, and a description of the new subreflector controller is presented.


The interface recombination velocities of CdTe/MgxCd1−xTe double heterostructure (DH) samples with different CdTe layer thicknesses and Mg compositions are studied using time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. A lowest interface recombination velocity of 30 ± 10 cm/s has been measured for the CdTe/Mg0.46Cd0.54Te interface, and a longest carrier lifetime of 0.83 μs has been observed for the studied DHs. These values are very close to the best reported numbers for GaAs/AlGaAs DHs. The impact of carrier escape through thermionic emission over the MgCdTe barrier on the recombination process in the DHs is also studied.


Electron tunneling spectra of TmSe, SmS, SmB/sub 6/, and CePd/sub 3/ have been measured with the GaAs Schottky-barrier probe tunneling method. Antiferromagnetic TmSe shows an energy gap 2..delta.. (full width at half maximum) of 1.2 meV, in situ pressure-transformed metallic SmS exhibits a gap of 1.7 meV, and SmB/sub 6/ shows a gap of 2.7 meV, which is independent of magnetic field. For CePd/sub 3/ an inelastic excitation is found near +- 14 meV, which is absent in YPd/sub 3/.


Water management in France is explained. The total population of France is fifty-five million people while the total area of France is five hundred and fifty thousand square kilometres. This paper covers the national water policy, construction and ownership of public or private water works, operation and maintenance, program-planning and financing. The second section of the paper describes the water management within the Loire-Bretagne basin, over a twenty year range period, from 1968-1988.


ABSTRACT Income offending presents a major criminal justice issue associated with generating financial gain through illicit means. Such crimes may cause financial harm on an individual level and lead to additional strain on our criminal justice system when criminals who engage in such offending are caught and prosecuted. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may present one mental health risk factor associated with differential development of income offending patterns across the life-course. This is because issues like low impulse control and potentially substance use habits that are often observed in PTSD may result in an increased risk for income offending among individuals with the disorder. This study sought to identify heterogeneity in income offending patterns and determine the relevance of PTSD as a risk factor. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to identify heterogeneity in developmental patterns of income offending. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relevance of PTSD as predictor of development. Results indicated that a six-group trajectory model best fit the data. Meeting criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD predicted increased risk of assignment to the High Chronic income offending group. Implications are discussed.


Sustainable energy development implies the need for the emerging potential
 energy sources which are not producing adverse effect to the environment. In
 this respect nuclear energy has gained the complimentary favor to be
 considered as the potential energy source without degradation of the
 environment. The sustainability evaluation of the nuclear energy systems has
 required the special attention to the criteria for the assessment of nuclear
 energy system before we can make firm justification of the sustainability of
 nuclear energy systems. In order to demonstrate the sustainability assessment
 of nuclear energy system this exercise has been devoted to the potential
 options of nuclear energy development, namely: short term option, medium term
 option, long term option and classical thermal system option. Criteria with
 following indicators are introduced in this analysis: nuclear indicator,
 economic indicator, environment indicator, social indicator... The
 Sustainability Index is used as the merit for the priority assessment among
 options under consideration.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide, often coexisting with other illnesses li ke parasitic infections and other chronic diseases. Data on the association of HBV infection with schistosomiasis and diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited. This case -control study was conducted to investigate the seropositivity rate and potential risk factors of HBV, and to examine the association between HBV and schistosomiasis with or without super added DM. Three hundred patients presented themselves to internal medical departments and diabetes centres at different public and private hospitals in Sanaa c


Photopolymerization is a widely used technique to synthesize polymers and hydrogels. The commonly used ultra-violet (UV)-curable mono-, di- or multifunctional vinylated monomers or macromonomers are often volatile, causing difficulty in the accurate measurement of reaction kinetics using Photo Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PhotoDSC). In this work, the DSC sample pan is chemically and physically modified such that the resin sample can be laid uniformly in the sample pan with minimum sample weight loss during measurement. Such treatment substantially improved experimental accuracy for volatile materials, which in turn provides a better understanding of the reaction kinetics of UV-curable polymers. Kinetic experiments are carried out for poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacryate) (HEMA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (MAA) based hydrogels by using PhotoDSC and modified sample pans.


Abstract Sericite is a fine grained muscovite mica, which is widely distributed in nature. It commonly occurs in many base metal ores, where it can become a major diluent in the concentrates produced from these ores, as well as in igneous rocks. It can be strongly recovered in flotation froths under circumstances where it is both wanted and unwanted. Muscovite, which does not have any inherent natural flotability, responds readily to cationic flotation collectors to yield concentrates of high grade and recovery from granitic or pegmatite deposits, and the technology for this separation is well established. Sericite, on the other hand, often reports strongly to concentrates from base metal ores in which it occurs. Under these circumstances, the rejection of the sericite from the froth product is generally difficult, but nevertheless important, in order to minimise contamination of the base metal concentrate. This contamination can cause problems in subsequent smelting and/or leaching. Because in these flotation schemes no recognisable collector for sericite is present, it has been asserted that this mineral has a degree of natural flotability. However, there is little hard evidence to support this view. The reagents commonly used to depress sericite include polysaccharides, silicates and fluorosilicates. If these reagents are used on the basis that the sericite is truly floating, they will not be very helpful if, in fact, the recovery mechanism is different. Thus, the ultimate technique used to reject sericite from the froth of base metal concentrates will be different, depending on the mechanism by which the sericite reports to the concentrate, that is, whether by true flotation or entrainment. There is, however, no general agreement on the prevailing mechanism. Methods for the effective flotation of muscovite/sericite, as well as treatment schemes for the rejection of sericite from base metal concentrates, are briefly discussed, together with the proposed mechanisms by which sericite reports to the froth product.


Secret and secure delivery of message is most important issue in field of security hence signcryption were used. The term signcryption is referred as a technique of encrypting the data with the use of signatures in area of public key cryptography. A signcryption technique is a combination of digital signature which is used for authentication and public key cryptography which is used for securing the message. Identity based signcryption is used to encrypt the message using receiver identity. Here in this paper an effective model for the signcryption of message is proposed which prevents from various security attacks in the network.


A lightning detection network have been used to obtain lightning flashes in the Philippines for the year 2009. A total of 239,727 flashes were detected, 92% of which were negative cloud-to-ground flashes and the rest were cloud-to-cloud (7%) and positive cloud-to-ground (1%) lightning. This result was expected since -CG lightning is associated with monsoonal type thunderstorms common in the region. Maximum and minimum lightning activity occurred in July and February, respectively, and corresponded with outgoing longwave radiation especially during the Southwest monsoon period. Lightning current amplitude and duration distribution is also presented.


Auto engine construction comprehensive training is a important part of practical teaching in automobile application technology major.This paper analyzes some problems in teaching procedures of auto engine construction comprehensive training,presents a solving method based on the practice of our school in automobile application technology major.


RATIONALE
The genus Pericopsis includes four tree species of which only Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen is of commercial interest. Enforcement officers might have difficulties discerning this CITES-listed species from some other tropical African timber species. Therefore, we tested several methods to separate and identify these species rapidly in order to enable customs officials to uncover illegal trade. In this study, two classification methods using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART™) ionization coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART-TOFMS) data to discern between several species are presented.

METHODS
Metabolome profiles were collected using DART™ ionization coupled with TOFMS analysis of heartwood specimens of all four Pericopsis species and Haplormosia monophylla (Harms) Harms, Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr. Harms, and Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg. In total, 95 specimens were analysed and the spectra evaluated. Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA) and Random Forest classification were used to discern the species.

RESULTS
DART-TOFMS spectra obtained from wood slivers and post-processing analysis using KDA and Random Forest classification separated Pericopsis elata from the other Pericopsis taxa and its lookalike timbers Haplormosia monophylla, Milicia excelsa, and Dalbergia melanoxylon. Only 50 ions were needed to achieve the highest accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS
DART-TOFMS spectra of the taxa were reproducible and the results of the chemometric analysis provided comparable accuracy. Haplormosia monophylla was visually distinguished based on the heatmap and was excluded from further analysis. Both classification methods, KDA and Random Forest, were capable of distinguishing Pericopsis elata from the other Pericopsis taxa, Milicia excelsa, and Dalbergia melanoxylon, timbers that are commonly traded.


ABSTRACT This article analyses the processes of nationalisation in Catalonia and the Basque Country in the period 1980–2015. It focuses on the competing narratives that Spanish, Catalan and Basque nationalists disseminated and the different 'spheres of nationalisation' through which individuals acquired their identities. The study combines the historical analysis of national narratives with survey data to examine the production and reproduction of identities. The research shows the limits of both state-led and sub-state-led nationalisations and underscores the importance of changing historical contexts in determining the social impact of national narratives.


Microservices are a loosely coupled distributed systems architecture. With the uncertainty in prediction of the size of the application, microservices play an important role in development and scaling. As they are independently functioning applications, difficulties in caching data becomes manifold. Caching in microservices is achieved either by maintaining a local cache with peer to peer communication, or a global cache with single store communication. However, multiple local caches come with communication overheads and data consistency issues, while a global cache has data management issues. This project attempts to find a combination of both to reduce the communication overheads and data size, while solving the problem of data consistency. Focus is to create a mechanism which uses both a global cache and a local cache. The global cache would act as a verification cache and the local cache would act as a data cache. This will minimize the size of the global cache and the communication call size. In comparison to the existing cache management techniques, this system will act as a middle ground. It inherits the low communication overheads from the global caching systems and also manages to keep the global cache size minimum by storing only verification data. The impact of this research topic is multi-faceted, not only in scaling web applications to a global scale but also in maintaining modular, dataconsistent caches in a cluster of microservices. Another advantage of the proposed solution is that it can ameliorate the problem of bandwidth always falling short in high load applications General Terms Distributed Systems, Cache Management, Web Applications, Microservices


The invention discloses a mounting structure for a dry type transformer. The mounting structure comprises a transformer assembly and a box body, wherein at least two guiding slots are formed in the bottom of the box body; the cross section of each guiding slot is convex-shaped; the guiding slots are formed integrally; guiding rails corresponding to the guiding slots are formed in the bottom of the transformer assembly; multiple positioning holes and multiple mounting holes are formed in the guiding slots; spring buckles corresponding to the positioning holes are arranged on the guiding rails; and threaded holes corresponding to the mounting holes are formed in the guiding rails. The mounting structure for the dry type transformer has the beneficial effects of simple structure, rapidness and convenience in mounting and detaching, convenience in operation, firm mounting, high stability, safety and reliability, good radiating effect, good noise absorbing effect, good noise reduction effect, and convenience in later maintenance; the mounting structure is applicable to different types of transformers, wide in applicable range and long in service life; and meanwhile, the production cost can be reduced.


© 2008 The Authors JEADV 2009, 23 , 317–368 Journal compilation © 2008 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology results in the rebalancing of bone turnover in favour of bone formation. 3 Although the original data sheet mentions local eczemas during the therapy in 1.5% of the patients, 1 generalized skin rash had not previously been referred. However, the EMEA has recently released a press note warning of 16 cases of DRESS syndrome in patients treated with strontium ranelate, two of which resulted in death. 2 In our case, both the lag time between the first administration of strontium ranelate and the occurrence of the eruption and the one between withdrawing the drug and improvement highly suggested a causal relation. The changes observed in the skin biopsy were also consistent with this diagnose. 4 Despite patch and prick tests with suspected drugs could not prove the involvement of strontium ranelate in the pathogenesis, it is well known that false negatives are common when performing cutaneous tests. 5 Colecalciferol was concluded to have no active role in the aethiology of the rash, after being safely reintroduced. In conclusion, despite our case did not show systemic symptoms as those seen in DRESS syndrome, we think it may support the existing evidence of severe cutaneous side effects related to strontium ranelate.


Workflow Management Systems have been increasingly used in companies to automate organizational processes. To allow the integration of those systems, the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) defined the Workflow Reference Model. The Object Management Group (OMG), looking for the standardization of workflow management systems in the context of its objectoriented architecture, had also defined a standard based on WfMC's standards, called the Workflow Management Facility (WMF). However, process definitions, that are the representation of the organizational processes, have not been standardized by OMG yet, besides its major role in the context of workflows. In this paper it is described the representation of WfMC's model to represent process definitions, called the Minimum Metamodel, using UML diagrams. From this representation, using the dMOF tool, it is constructed a repository of metadata that represents the minimum metamodel according to OMG's Meta Object Facility (MOF), the standard for representing metamodels in the context of OMG's OMA architecture. Finally, it is presented an representative business example that was modeled and inserted on the repository to verify its functionality. It is argued on the paper that this approach decreases the complexity of workflow management systems and allows a more efficient use and reuse of process definitions.


Explosive emission cathodes (EECs) are widely used due to their large current. There has been much research on the explosive electron emission mechanism demonstrating that a current density of 108–109 A/cm2 is necessary for a micropoint to explode in several nanoseconds and the micropoint size is in micron-scale according to the observation of the cathode surface. This paper, however, makes an effort to research the current density and the micropoint size in another way which considers the space charge screening effect. Our model demonstrates that the relativistic effect is insignificant for the micropoint emission due to the small size of the micropoint and uncovers that the micron-scale size is an intrinsic demand for the micropoint to reach a space charge limited current density of 108–109 A/cm2. Meanwhile, our analysis shows that as the voltage increases, the micropoint emission will turn from a field limited state to a space charge limited state, which makes the steady-state micropoint current densit...


This study was carried out to estimate the relevance of biological supplementation in improving the economic efficiency of anaerobic digestion (AD). Three kinds of silages—maize, grass, and igniscum—were initially inoculated with digestate and then supplemented with one of four vaccines containing different bacteria species (APD®, PPT®, JENOR®) or a yeast and mold mixture (HAP®). In addition, each plant silage was fermented without any additives (control A—maize silage, B—grass silage, and C—igniscum silage). The biodegradability process was performed in batch tests at a mesophilic temperature (38 °C). To compare the energetic efficiency of AD, the process kinetics, biogas, and methane production were analyzed. We found that the applied supplementation measures improved biogas production in the case of maize and igniscum (7–62% higher than controls), but decreased the yield of AD when grass silage was fermented (2–34% lower than controls). The greatest increase in methane production (by 79%) was observed when maize silage was digested with the PPT® pretreatment, with 427 Nm3∙Mg−1 VS (volatile solids).


We present A-GAP, a novel protocol for continuous monitoring of network state variables, which aims at achieving a given monitoring accuracy with minimal overhead. Network state variables are computed from device counters using aggregation functions, such as SUM, AVERAGE and MAX. The accuracy objective is expressed as the average estimation error. A-GAP is decentralized and asynchronous to achieve robustness and scalability. It executes on an overlay that interconnects management processes on the devices. On this overlay, the protocol maintains a spanning tree and updates the network state variables through incremental aggregation. Based on a stochastic model, it dynamically configures local filters that control whether an update is sent towards the root of the tree. We evaluate A-GAP through simulation using real traces and two different types of topologies of up to 650 nodes. The results show that we can effectively control the trade-off between accuracy and protocol overhead, and that the overhead can be reduced by almost two orders of magnitude when allowing for small errors. The protocol quickly adapts to a node failure and exhibits short spikes in the estimation error. Lastly, it can provide an accurate estimate of the error distribution in real-time.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to make foreign colleagues familiar with the development and present the status of psychoanalysis in Italy. The author shows how, also in the case of Italy, true international exchange is the necessary condition for psychoanalysis to grow and reach a satisfying development. The contributions of such pioneers as R. Assagioli, E. Weiss, E. Gaddini, G. Benedetti and P.F. Galli show the direction we must take. Only by following in their steps will we be able to be creative in our field, i.e. bring about the new synthesis between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy which is implicit in the work of G. Benedetti.


The field of structure/function relationships in protein and polysaccharide systems of low solids has been extensively researched. In contrast, there is scant information in the literature on the subject of structure/function relationships in high-solid b


Background: The rapid development of new technologies has recently raised interest in the use of assistive robots in the care of older people. The success or failure of robots' implementation is mediated by their acceptance by users. The aim of the study was to answer the question of how both older people and caregivers perceive the possibility of using an assistive robot for nutritional support. Methods: Opinions of 252 respondents (126 older—aged 65 and above; 126 younger ones—aged below 65) from five European countries were collected using the Users' Needs, Requirements, and Abilities Questionnaire. Results: The majority of participants positively assessed the possibility of using a robot to improve the diet of older people by giving advice on healthy eating or monitoring the amount of food consumed by the owner. An age-related difference was observed, as older people less frequently accepted the reminding of meal times or drinking liquids than younger participants. Four key categories related to the robot's role in the diet of older people were identified: matching the needs, robot's characteristics, ethical issues and technical/financial issues. Conclusions: Our preliminary research has shown a positive approach to robots in the context of their nutrition-related aspects. An indication has been made of the need to include older people and other stakeholders in the process of designing these functionalities and modeling human–robot interactions based on communication theories.


In the second half of 1939 the Baltic states stood on the way of Soviet expansion to the West and when the favorable situation was formed, to undertake the preparation and concrete action, the Soviet Government began to implement the measures political and military pressure. The turning point for Soviet policy was the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and its military implication – aggression of the Red Army on the Eastern territories of Poland on 17 September 1939 and the German- -Soviet agreement of 1939 September 28, which gave the USSR a free hand in the Baltic states. The first stage was signing of bilateral treaties between Baltic states and the Soviet Union, in which the Soviet Union was allowed to hold airports and military bases in these countries. In addition to the promises, threats and blackmail, the most important and decisive argument, which prevailed, that the Baltic states were under Soviet dictate, was the argument of force, army decided on the effectiveness of Soviet policy. Aim of policy in the autumn of 1939 – annexation of three Baltic states, was reached in the summer of 1940, when again diplomatic action was supported by military. All the decisions and actions of Soviet Government against Baltic countries were submitted to this aim, which was reached primarily through – agreements with Germany, lack of firm resistance from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, argument of numerous army, were undoubtedly the most important instrument Soviet policy in this region, which brought long-term effects. After World War II, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to the early nineties were Soviet republics.


The book Frontiers in Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Alloying [ISBN : 97881-87053-69-8] (Rakesh Kumar, Srinivasan Srikanth and Surya Pratap Mehrotra (Eds.))is a compilation of papers presented in the VI International Conference on Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Alloying (INCOME) held at CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML), Jamshedpur (India) during December 1-4,2008 under the aegis of International Mechanochemistry Association (IMA). Fifty three papers (334 pp) included in this book are written by experts from all over the world.


This paper is concerned with the relative approximate controllability of functional systems with infinite delay and delayed control in Hilbert spaces. In particular, we begin with studying some criteria of the controllability of linear systems. Based on those results, sufficient conditions are derived for the relative approximate controllability of nonlinear functional systems. Finally, an example is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of the level of involvement of interpretive content on visitors' environmental cognition, recreational experience, and satisfaction for Fish Trail in Yangmingshan National Park. The findings indicated that four dimensions were embedded in visitors' environmental recognition. They were marked as natural quality, facility quality, visual quality, and cultural quality. The means of the four dimensions were all significantly higher for the visitors with full understanding of the interpretive content. Two dimensions underlay visitors' recreational experience. They were labeled as psychological enjoyment and sensory arousal. The mean of psychological enjoyment was significantly higher for the visitors with full understanding of the interpretive content. Yet, the mean of sensory arousal didn't show significant difference between the two types of visitors. In addition, the means of satisfaction of facility, nature, and culture resources were significantly higher for the former group of visitors.


Legislation similar to the Safe Nurse Staffing Bill that has been proposed in Wales could benefit England, where staffing levels are often 'dangerously low', according to an expert on patient outcomes.


With the development of smart justice in China, the Supreme People's Court implements the system of compulsory retrieval for similar cases continuously and comprehensively, more and more judicial big data has been continuously disclosed, and the application of case retrieval is more extensive, and then, the accuracy of similar case search results needs to be urgently improved. Legal case retrieval is a special search task; for a given query case, it refers to the searching for similar cases. Different from traditional text search, legal case retrieval has different characteristics and greater challenges, for its query case is longer and more complex than common keyword queries and short article queries. In addition, the definition of dependencies between query cases and candidate cases differs from general dependencies based on text or topic. In order to solve these problems, we propose a method for similarity case retrieval based on the legal facts, and our model combine the topic distribution and legal entity facts to make the document representation vector more suitable for legal scenarios. At the same time, the method of paragraph aggregation based on BERT is used to encode context semantic information and solve the problem of long text. The experimental results show that our method is superior to the existing method.