FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention concerns medicine and pharmacology, particularly a solid dosed formulation for treatment of pancreatic diabetes, the said formulation including a highly stable and solid combination of therapeutically effective quantities of metformin and glyclazide at the ratio of 6.2-12.5 with target additives such as sorbitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, stearic acid and/or stearate, sodium croscarmellose as active substance. EFFECT: obtaining solid formulation for treatment of pancreatic diabetes. 4 cl, 5 ex


We investigate a coin-weighing puzzle that appeared in the allRussian math Olympiad in 2000. We liked the puzzle because the methods of analysis differ from classical coin-weighing puzzles. We generalize the puzzle by varying the number of participating coins, and deduce a complete solution—perhaps surprisingly, the objective can be achieved in no more than two weighings regardless of the number of coins involved.


Retail, being one of the most important aspects of marketing, has immensely gained its importance over last couple of years. In today's world, because of the cut throat competition retail has evolved beyond the traditional brick and mortar retailing. Retailers are making their presence in both brick and mortar stores as well as through online shopping websites through many new innovations like click- and- mortar retailing. The purpose of this paper was to throw some light on the impact of online shopping attributes with major focus to website attributes (such as- personalization, ease of use and sociality) on online buying behavior with respect to online experience. The paper further focuses on the impact of offline shopping attributes (such as- ambience and positive sociality) on offline buying behavior with respect to offline shopping experience. The data analysis for the study was carried on by the help of statistical tools like Chi-Square Tests and regression analysis with the help of SPSS. The findings of the study reveals that "personalization" and "ease of use" has a significant impact on online shopping experience whereas, "ambiance" has a significant impact on offline shopping experience


Effects of nest predation on pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) production were studied on two areas in southern Minnesota during 1960-64. Principal nest predators were striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). During the nesting seasons of 1960-62, 434 predators were removed from the 2,560acre Trapped Area; none were removed from the 4,080-acre Untrapped Area. Searches in at least a third of each area's potential nesting cover revealed 460 nests on the Trapped Area and 429 on the Untrapped Area. Nest densities on the two areas were similar each year, but declined during the 3 years. On the Trapped Area, hatching success progressively improved during the study, reaching 36 percent in 1962. On the Untrapped Area, by contrast, hatching success remained consistently low and was only 16 percent in 1962. Predation was highest on poorly concealed nests, especially those located in fencerows. Nest losses from other causes, chiefly haymowing, were comparable between study areas. Clutch size averaged higher on the Trapped Area and chick production per 100 acres was consistently higher than on the Untrapped Area, showing roughly a twofold difference in 1961 and 1962. Dummy nests placed in selected cover types supplemented information obtained from natural nests. Results from the former suggested (1) that predation, especially by crows, was highest early in the nesting season, (2) that predation was highest among poorly concealed nests, and (3) that there were no carryover benefits one year after predator removal. Late summer pheasant censuses were inconclusive, probably because of inadequate sampling and because ingress and egress obscured population responses on our small study areas. Costs of removing predators averaged $21.00 per predator taken and $4.50 for each chick hatched on the Trapped Area in excess of the number hatched on the Untrapped Area. It was concluded that, using presently available techniques, removal of nest predators would not be economically feasible for improving pheasant hunting on extensive agricultural lands, even if the increase in chicks was directly reflected in the fall population. The ring-necked pheasant is primarily a bird of agricultural lands, and production of pheasants is greatly influenced by farming practices. In recent years more intensive farming in Minnesota's primary agricultural range has adversely affected pheasants, most importantly by reducing undisturbed nesting cover. In addition, the availability of small grains has steadily declined because cropping patterns have gradually shifted toward row crops, especially corn and soybeans. Small grains have been a valuable source of nesting cover in Minnesota (Nelson and Chesness 1964). Along with deterioration of nesting habitat, pheasant nest losses have increased from both farming practices and predation (Nelson and Chesness 1964). The present study was carried out during 1960-64 to determine the effect of predator removal on pheasant reproduction in an area of intensive agriculture in the main pheasant range of south-central Minnesota. Conclusions of various authors on the effects of predator control upon game populations differ depending upon the kind and intensity of predation, the degree of predator control, and the prey species. Wagner et al. (1965:108) summarized some results of predator control studies in pheasant range. In general, little pheasant population response was noted either where predator control was limited to only one predatory species as in the New York fox studies (New York Conservation Department 1951) or where only avian predators were controlled (Lauckhart and McKean 1956:65). However, Einarsen (1950) reported in-


Objectives: To assess sensitivity and specificity of paired serum bile acids (SBA) and other serum biochemistry variables to predict shunt status in dogs 3 months after surgical attenuation of a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS). Methods: Dogs with surgically attenuated EHPSS were retrospectively enrolled if blood sampling and medical imaging (transsplenic portal scintigraphy and/or computed tomography angiography) were performed 3 months postoperatively. Results: Fifty-two surgical cases were included. Three months post-operatively, shunt closure was successful in 29 dogs and non-successful in 23 dogs (13 dogs had a patent original shunt and 10 dogs developed multiple acquired shunts). Paired serum bile acids and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were significantly higher in the non-successful group compared to the successful group (p<0.0001 and p=0.0006). Sensitivity and specificity assessment of SBA and ALT gave optimal results at 50 µmol/L and 80 U/L, respectively (upper reference limits 15 µmol/L and 90 U/L). The sensitivity and specificity of the combined SBA >50 µmol/L and ALT >80 U/L to diagnose non-successful EHPSS closure were 75 % and 91%, respectively. (conclusions): Dogs with combined SBA µmol/L and ALT >80 U/L results 3 months postoperatively very likely to have either a patent or acquired shunts. However, when combined SBA and ALT results were below the proposed cut-offs, that less reliably indicated surgical success.


The fibrinolytic enzyme production of locally isolated fungus Rhizomucor miehei (Cooney & Emerson) Schipper and some of its properties were studied. The enzyme was isolated from the grounds of butcheries. Best production of the enzyme was achieved at 35 oC, pH 8.0, for six days using 0.6 (% W/V) bovine blood fibrin and 3.0 (% W/V) glucose. Fibrinolytic enzyme was partially purified according to the following consecutive steps: dialysis, acetone 20% and gel filtration on Sephadex G200. to 13.93 folds. The optimum activity of the enzyme was reached at 40 oC and pH 8.2. the enzyme was stable at pH 8.0 – 8.5 and thermostable at 70 oC for one hour.


To the Editor.— The swine flu immunization program, which distributed influenza A/New Jersey/76 vaccine to approximately 44 million adults in the United States, began Oct 1, 1976, and ended Dec 16, 1976. The possibility of adverse reactions to the vaccine went beyond the reported association with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lawsuits filed against the United States have alleged that the vaccine was responsible for a variety of illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, polymyositis, transverse myelitis, encephalitis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Kurland and co-workers' 1,2 epidemiologic proportional morbidity studies and clinical trials have provided no evidence to support any association or cause-and-effect relationship between swine flu vaccine and multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Report of a Study.— A case-control study of antecedent events in patients with ALS (including history of swine flu vaccination) was conducted using 66 ALS cases and 66 age- ( ± 5 years) and sex-matched friend/neighbor controls. Patients were


In interviews, many undergraduate research advisors stated intrinsic motivations, but some early-career advisors expressed only instrumental motivations. This study explores what this means for how advisors work with undergraduate researchers and the implications for training and retaining advisors who can provide high-quality research experiences.


Objective To study effects of BSD2000 deep regional hyperthermia combined with transcatheter arteria chemoembolization(TACE) in treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods 36 patients with advanced hepatocellular caicinoma were randomly divided into two groups(each group with 18 cases).The observed group was treated with BSD2000 deep regional hyperthermia combined with TACE.The contrast group with TACE single.Results The total effective rates with the observed group and contrast group were 72.2%(13/18)and 38.9%(7/18),respectively(P0.05).The clinical benefit response rates were 83.3 %(15/18)and 38.9%(7/18),respectively(P0.05).There was no significant difference in the survival rates for 0.5,1,1.5 years(P0.5),but difference was statistically significant for 2 years(P0.05) between the two groups.There was no significant difference in side-effects between the two groups.Conclusion BSD2000 deep regional hyperthermia combined with transcathe ter arteria chemoembolization is more effective than single TACE in treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.


We analyze an optomechanical system that can be used to efficiently transfer a quantum state between an optical cavity and a distant mechanical oscillator coupled to a second optical cavity. We show that for a moderate mechanical Q factor it is possible to achieve a transfer efficiency of 99.4% by using adjustable cavity damping rates and destructive interference. We also show that the quantum mechanical oscillator can be used as a quantum memory device with an efficiency of 96% employing a pulsed optomechanical coupling. Although the mechanical dissipation slightly decreases the efficiency, its effect can be significantly reduced by designing a high-Q mechanical oscillator.


Thrombotic occlusion of the lower abdominal aorta in a young woman is considered unusual. A case of this condition successfully treated by endarterectomy is reported


. Let M be a finite dimensional topological aspherical manifold whose universal cover is R n . In this paper, we study Aff ( M ) , the subgroup of the group of homeomorphisms of M , whose elements can be lifted to affine transformations of R n . We show that if M is closed, the connected component Aff ( M ) 0 of Aff ( M ) acts locally freely on M . We deduce that Aff ( M ) 0 is a solvable Lie group, and is nilpotent if M is a polynomial manifold. We study the foliation defined by the orbits of Aff ( M ) 0 if dim ( Aff ( M ) 0 ) = dim ( M ) − 1 .


The phase transition of two liquid crystalline materials, namely cholesteryl palmitate and cholesteryl decanoate and their mixtures (by weight)are studied using dielectric, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. From the dielectric measurements, the phase transition temperatures were determined from the discontinuities in the curve between dielectric constant and temperatures for all the samples investigated. Further, since mixing of two liquid crystals modifies the transition of phases, the measurements were carried out on the mixtures of the two liquid crystals. Order parameter for each sample was calculated at varying temperatures by measuring the hyperfine splitting of three line EPR spectrums. The discontinuities in the curve between order parameter and the temperature again indicated the phase transition of the liquid crystals and their mixtures. A DTA study on these samples was also carried out in order to probe further their transitional behaviour. The DTA records of both the liquid crystals and their mixtures support the transition behaviour observed from the dielectric and EPR measurements.


Polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test in Narcolepsy Ji-Eun Kim Department Neurology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) has played a major role in the diagnosis of narcolepsy. The MSLT is indicated as part of the evaluation of patients with suspected narcolepsy and may be useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected idiopathic hypersomnia. The MSLT cannot be used in isolation to confirm or exclude narcolepsy, is indicated only in selected patients with excessive daytime sleepiness, and is most valuable when interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings.


In the Malay community, songket has already been recognized and labelled as the Queen of Fabrics. The uniqueness of the songket lies within the creative arrangement and beautiful creation of motifs that suit the person who adorns this piece of fabric. For some, the songket symbolises the Malay civilization and values. Thus, this paperwork seeks to identify the weavers' selections of Malay songket motifs in terms of meaning, philosophy, religion, beliefs, customs, norms, values, taboos, and the worldview of the Malays. The motifs are the manifestations of the close bond between the Malays and their surroundings as well as their life experiences. Every identification and classification of this artwork will lead to the development of human resources and the sustainability of art heritage especially to scholars, teachers, weavers, artists, cultural enthusiasts and patrons, art historians, art creators, and the community in general. Besides establishing the recognition of songket weavers' skills and abilities, this paper seeks to elevate the awareness of preservation and appreciation of wearing songket as a long-lasting legacy.


YC-1 booster (96.5% RDX, 3% F2641 and 0.5% graphite) was selected as the research object. Accelerated aging of YC-1 was carried out by 71°C thermal aging tests. The size changes of samples before and after thermal aging were measured. The initiation ability and shock sensitivity of the samples before and after accelerated aging were tested by steel compression test and SSGT small gap test. Through the establishment of equal proportion impact dynamics calculation model, the propagation law of shock wave generated by the explosion of A-= 9 \* ROMANIX-= 1 \* ROMANI was calculated. Test and calculation results show that: The diameter and height of samples increase with the increase of aging time. There was no significant change in the initiation ability of the samples, and the shock wave sensitivity increases first and then decreases with the increase of thermal aging time. The critical thickness of the gap corresponding to the samples aged 0 day, 4days, 19 days, 38 days and 76 days was 6.9mm, 7.0mm, 7.5mm, 8.1mm and 7.8mm, respectively. The corresponding shock wave pressure (without considering the interface reflection) in the gap was 2.91GPa, 2.85 GPa, 2.60 GPa, 2.40 GPa and 2.50 GPa respectively.


The Petawatt beamline at the Vulcan laser facility is capable of delivering pulses with 500J of energy in <500fs, and has been operational as a user facility since 2003; being used to study laser matter interactions under extreme conditions. In addition to this short-pulse beamline there is a single long pulse beamline capable of 250J with durations from 0.5 to 6ns. In this paper we present our plans to add an auxiliary beamline to this facility based on Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) using LBO as the non-linear crystal. This new beamline will have a dedicated laser area where the seed will be generated, stretched and amplified before being transported to the target area for compression and delivery to target. The beamline will be implemented in 2 phases the first phase will see the development of a 7J <30fs capability with the second phase increasing the delivered energy to 30J. This additional beamline will open up the potential for novel pump probe experiments when operated with the existing PW and long pulse beamlines.


This paper propose and analyze the two-level stabilized finite element method for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations based on Newon iteration. This algorithm involves solving one small, nonlinear coarse mesh with mesh size H and two linear problems on the fine mesh with mesh size h. Based on local Gauss integration and the quadratic equal-order triangular element ,the two-level stabilized method our study provide an approximate solution with convergence rate of same order as the approximate solution of  one-level method,which involves solving one large Navier-Stokes problem on a fine mesh with mesh size h. Hence,our method can save a large amount of computational time. Finally,some numerical tests confirm the theoretical expectations.


Abstract Thrombolytic treatment has been available for stroke treatment in Thailand since 1996. The use of intravenous thrombolysis in Thailand has dramatically increased during the past 10 years. This is mainly due to the stroke fast track program that has been implemented throughout the country. The "stroke fast track" program is designed for medical triage personnel at the hospital to identify stroke patients who presented early in order to immediately notify the stroke team for further investigation and management. The establishment of a telestroke network will be the next step to increase the accessibility of stroke patients to a better medical care as well as to decrease the rate of thrombolysis.


A ten-week nutritional study was carried out to evaluate the practical replacement of fishmeal with toad meal in different protein levels in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. One hundred and fifty (150) fingerlings with an average weight of 7.99 - 27.64g were stocked at the rate of ten (10) fish per experimental tank. The fingerlings were subjected to five different dietary feeds with varying levels of toad meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Feeding was done at 3% body weight per day and records of weekly weight increase were kept. The feed conversion ratio, weight gain, survival rate revealed that the control (0% toadmeal inclusion) and diet 5 (100% toadmeal inclusion) were best in growth performance, unlike the mixed fishmeal and toadmeal that showed adequate growth performance. Water quality parameters of the experiment measured constantly were within the normal optimum requirements that had no negative effects on the experimental fish. Finally based on biological and financial evaluation of the feeding trials diet 5 (100%) was recommended as the most economical and practically acceptable for large-scale intensive fish culture.


In this folk epic, the hero Bhima travels to the afterlife and encounters during his travels the gruesome punishments in store there for the sinners of the world, and also the sweet rewards of heaven. His adventures are told with a combination of broad humour and a serene acceptance of life.


This article deals with Sikong Tu's theory about poetry in the light of his life experience and his worship for Buddhism.Meanwhile on the basis of the features of his writing of poetry,the article explores the intrinsic liasion with the cognitive features of Buddhism and puts forward that his writing of poetry was the result of his theory.


Background: We have previously reported results from an initial study on a new implantable intracardiac wireless hemodynamic monitor in man, showing favourable results regarding accuracy of recordings over time and safety profile. The aim of this study was to follow up the intervention group of 16 patients with left atrial implants over a longer period to determine the systems longevity and dependability. Material: The TitanTM monitoring system using a miniature pressure sensor was implanted in 16 patients undergoing open chest cardiac surgery. After discharge the system was used for left atrial pressure monitoring at home. Findings: No major or minor adverse events were observed. As of July 2018, the average age of functioning left atrial implants providing high-quality hemodynamic curves was 3.75 years, ranging from 3.25 years to 5 years. Conclusion: The system was reliable, provided high-quality pressure curves and was easy to use. Recalibration using the non-invasive Valsalva maneuver was accurate and easy to perform.


The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and spectrum of KRAS mutations in men and women with colorectal cancer (CRC), and an impact of KRAS-mutation status on the clinical and morphological features of CRC. The study included 303 patients (168/55.4% women and 135/44.6% men) with CRC T2-4N0-2M0-1. We defined 7 KRAS SNP-mutations (G12D, G12A, G12R, G12C, G12S, G12V and G13D) located within codons 12 and 13 using Bio-Rad real-time thermal cyclers CFX96 and Real-Time-PCRKRAS-7M Kit. The frequency of KRAS mutations was 35.6% in the CRC patients with a predominant presence of G>A transitions. The KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations are predictive of poor prognosis The KRAS-mutated CRC has clinical features in view of the gender differences. KRAS-mutation status is a promising predictive biomarker of personalized treatment.


Currently available methods to design machine foundations against excessive dynamic displacements assume that the stiffness of the supporting soil is either constant or increases with depth. But frequently, soft normally consolidated clay deposits have stiffer upper crusts due to desiccation and weathering; in such crusts shear modulus and strength decrease sharply with depth. The Paper presents a theoretical study of the coupled horizontal-rotational and vertical vibrations of long massive foundations that carry rotating machinery and are supported by such weathered clay deposits. A key step in the analysis is the determination of the dynamic foundation impedances appropriate for the range of anticipated operational frequencies of the machinery. By utilizing a rational analytical procedure, extensive parametric studies were carried out and are reported in the form of graphs relating normalized impedance functions to crucial non-dimensional factors influencing the response. Particular emphasis is accorded...


Medication reconciliation is a Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal prioritized at transitions of care. Medication discrepancies are the reason for, and result of, medication reconciliation. However, their characterization in the literature has not been systematically studied. Older adults are at particularly high risk for medication discrepancies given the prevalence of polypharmacy in this population. The aim was to determine how medication discrepancies among older adults are defined during transitions of care by analyzing synonyms, medication data sources and classification terms. A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE for primary literature involving medication discrepancies among adults aged ≥50 years during hospital care transitions was carried out. Reviewers consolidated data into like categories and used descriptive statistics to summarize findings. Out of 746 records retrieved, 35 studies were included in this review. In total, 19 studies (54%) were exclusive to adults over 65 years o...


and decontextual objectivity, criolite invokes ethnicity particular vernacular languages, and particular histories of resistance. When she writes about the political challenge of criolite, Raiskin is referring to texts like Bernabe, Chamoiseau, and Confiantes "In Praise Of Creoleness," which provides a marked counterpoint to the kind of deconstructive discourse theories that occupy many post-colonial thinkers. While Bernabe, Chamoiseau, and Confiant claim Creoleness explicitly for the Caribbean, much of what they say about Creole existence and literature might apply to the life and work of Bessie Head. "Neither Europeans, nor Africans, nor Asians, we proclaim ourselves Creoles" (886), they begin, a position that echoes Bessie Head's claim that she belonged nowhere, including the continent of Africa. Creole literature, they write, has been locked in a battle with "two incumbent monsters: Europeanness and Africanness," both of which are "exterior" to Caribbean/Creole cultures (888). Like Bessie Head, Bernabe et al find Africanism compelling, "a necessary dialectical moment, an indispensable development" (889), but perceive it to be an inexact account of their own experience. They call for a means of expression that can embrace multiplicity, "the nontotalitarian consciousness of a preserved diversity" (892). Not just the location of a subversive otherness, the "Creoleness" Bernabe, Chamoiseau, and Confiant propose is a creation which embodies a This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Wed, 03 Aug 2016 05:49:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


The environment problems in mining area in China are highly concerned. This paper stated some concepts related to soil environment problems in mining area which include ecological damage and environment pollution, analyzed the complexity of eco- logical restoration problems, for example, some belong to typical soil environment discipline problems, and some of the soil envi- ronment problems are resulted from some related discipline problems, which requires the multi-disciplines overlapping on its re- searches. The universal problems about the recognition of influential factors on soil environment problems in mining area, as well as the recognition of the investigation of its main characters are discussed. Finally, it suggests pay more attention to the science of soil restoration in mining area, rather than to the discipline problems of it, integrate the restoration technology of different disciplines and control the soil pollution from the source in mining area, which will be advantageous to the diagnosis of different type of soil envi- ronment problems in mining area in China, as well as to the choice of better ways to restore the production function, the environment function and the ecology function of the reclaimed soils in mining area.


The subject of the authors' research is a preliminary draft of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Recommendation on Open Science, which was presented to the world community at the end of September 2020. According to the draft Recommendation, "open science" is understood as a framework concept of various institutions and forms of activity aimed at "making scientific knowledge, methods, data and facts open and accessible to all". According to the authors, making the fruits of science available to all mankind and making them the property of all mankind is not the same thing.The declaration of free access to "scientific raw materials" does not mean that all countries receive equal opportunities for its "extraction", processing, creation of new goods on its basis and receiving income from their sale. These opportunities today are focused on the "global North", or rather in that part of it, which essentially monopolized the world markets for collecting, storing, processing, examining and publishing the primary results of scientific research.According to the authors, the concept of "Open Science" proposed to the world community in relation to modern economic and legal realities is the concept of devaluation of "scientific raw materials" in order to obtain the maximum profit from the turnover of goods created with its use by a narrow circle of beneficiaries.The interests of Russia, most of the world's states and scientists are not to consist in supplying the collective world dominant with "scientific raw materials" at a negative cost, i.e. paying extra for it, and then buying everything new, science-intensive and useful from it.An alternative to the instrument of "soft" dictate against national governments and the majority of scientists, proposed on behalf of UNESCO, could be the initiation of a general Convention on Science, which would solve real economic and legal problems of the circulation of scientific results, including issues of their receipt, global monitoring, storage, processing, expertise, assessment, remuneration of scientists' labor.The article's authors propose at the political level to openly abandon the previously chosen model of organization and legal regulation of Russian science, focused on the interests of the global North.


Upon analysis of normal students' characteristics,the paper discusses the problems and reasons in the training of English writing skills in higher vocational normal colleges and probes into the measures to improve the training of English writing skills in the colleges.


Highly surface area ordered mesoporous chromium oxide and cerium oxide composite( meso- Cr- Ce) was synthesized via a vacuum assisted impregnation method with three dimensionally ordered mesoporous silica as hard template,chromium nitrate and cerium nitrate as metal sources. The physicochemical properties of meso- Cr- Ce were characterized by XRD,TEM,N2adsorption- desorption and ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results show that meso- Cr- Ce possessed a typical mesoporous structure with highly crystalline wall. Its surface area was up to 160 m2/ g and the average pore size was ca. 7. 2 nm. The meso- Cr- Ce sample exhibits excellent UV and visible light responsive property,which would be useful in optical and catalytic applications.


[Purpose] This study examined the relationship between toe grip strength and ankle angle during comfortable gait or maximum gait, aiming to clarify whether ankle angle was affected exert toe grip strength. [Subjects] The subjects were 27 healthy young women. [Methods] We measured ankle angle during comfortable gait or maximum gait and toe grip strength in 3 different ankle joint positions between the long axis of the foot and the line of progression on the sagittal plane, namely ankle abduction, ankle neutral position, ankle adduction. Relationships between toe grip strength and these measurement items were statistically analyzed using pearson's correlation coefficient. [Results] A negative correlation was observed between toe grip strength in ankle adduction and ankle angle during maximum gait. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that ankle angle during gait relate toe grip strength.


About four decades ago, there were only three main pulping processes used in the pulp and paper industry. These included a pure mechanical grinding process which produced the socalled stone ground wood (SGW), and two chemical processes: acid sulphite and alkaline sulphate (kraft) pulping processes which produced low yield (about 50%) chemical pulps. In the past two decades, there has been a tremendous development in pulping leading to numerous options available today. This is particularly true in the area of sulphate pulping whose development has been accelerated by the environmental and economical restraints. The application of sulphite treatment to mechanical pulping has created pulps with properties between those of mechanical and chemical pulps. This chemical treatment has indeed significantly extended the uses of mechanical pulps (CTMP, CMP) which can be used as the sole furnish of a newsprint or as a replacement for chemical pulps in a paper furnish, depending on the degree of chemical treatment. As a result, the development of very high yield pulps has brought about considerable impact on the Canadian pulp and paper industry. Today, about half of the total Canadian newsprint production contains or is made from very high yield pulps. Although the main use of these pulps is newsprint manufacturing, they find uses in many other products as well, such as printing and writing papers, fluff pulp, tissue, market paper pulp and industrial grades.


EnglishMinimum existential is one of the most current issues related to the doctrinal and jurisprudential treatment of fundamental social rights. However, there is a lack of scientificity in its approach, either in the construction of its concept, in the delimitation of its content or in the determination of the hypotheses of its applicability. Through an analysis of its doctrine and a comparative study of the constitutional jurisprudence of Brazil and Germany, it is intended to contribute to the formulation of answers to the complex issues that the thematic involves. portuguesMinimo existencial e um dos mais atuais temas relacionados ao tratamento doutrinario e jurisprudencial dos direitos fundamentais sociais. No entanto, e notoria a carencia de cientificidade na sua abordagem, seja na construcao do seu conceito, na delimitacao de seu conteudo ou na determinacao das hipoteses de sua aplicabilidade. Mediante analise de sua doutrina e estudo comparativo da jurisprudencia constitucional do Brasil e da Alemanha, pretende-se contribuir para formulacao de respostas as complexas questoes que a tematica envolve.


In this paper the effectsof the time harmonicson the outputvoltageare investigated. Insteadof a completeanalysis,the waveshapeof the line currentis considered as recordedon an oscilloscopewhen the alternatorsuppliesan inverter. The minimum airgapinductionoccurs when the magnetomotive forcesof the fifthand seventhtime harmonicoppose the field excitation. The reductionin the amplitudeof the fundamental of the airgapinductioncausedby the time harmonicswas foundto be of the order of fifteento twentypercentfor a typical cyclo-inverterload.


When given a moderate dose of alcohol, both middle-aged women and women who were moderate drinkers retained less on 2 different types of memory tasks than did young women and women who were light drinkers.


The comprehensive analysis and evaluation of geological engineering properties of the Shenyang proper are conducted in all aspects of regional geology,geography,engineering geology,hydrogeology and stability of building sites.Based on study results the city proper is divided into five areas,which would be useful for the city's comprehensive planning and layout,and serve as regional engineering geological basis for earth resource utilization.


Object of the present invention is to prevent formation of fibrin in the anterior chamber after surgery intraocular retinal and vitreous surgery, cataract surgery and glaucoma surgery and the like.


A quarter of Delhi residents are not served by the city's water pipelines, making access to drinking water and sanitation facilities a major challenge. Matt Birkinshaw highlights innovative solutions developed to tackle the issue, but argues that ultimately more systematic reforms are needed to address water supply inequalities.


Sthoulya/Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may hurt the health and it is one of the most neglected public health issues. Sthoulya is most caused by Ati Ahara Sevana, Avyayama and Beejadosha. Sthoulya has been explained in Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana under 21st chapter by name Astou Ninditiya Purusha as Santarpana Nimittaja Vikara1, Bahudoshavastha Vyadhi2 and included under Sleshmaja Nanatmaja Vikara. In Sushruta Samhitha also Sthoulya is narrated as rasa Nimittaja Vyadhi and con- sidered Meda vitiation as the causative factor for the manifestation. He also described Sthoulya as the physical condition of the body caused due to Dhatvagni Mandya. Acharya Charaka has also explained Swastha Purusha Laxana in terms of Sama Mamsa, Sama Pramana, Sama Samhanana and having Dridha Indriya. But Sthula Purusha is devoid of above-said qualities. Obesity contributes to many morbidities in the population, and it is known as a causative or precipitating factor for various killer ailments like hypertension, diabetes, prostate prob- lems, breast and colon cancers, respiratory problems, joint disorders, stroke, heart diseases like IHD/CAD etc.
Keywords: Obesity, Sthoulya, Virechana


The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, which is native to India, was introduced to Middle East in 1980s. In China, it distributed in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Motuo of Xizang and now menaced to other regions. The pest has caused serous damage to palmaceous plants, especially to Cocos nucifera and Phoenix dactylifera. Now it appears to be continuing to spread. In this paper we reviewed research on its distribution, biology, hosts and control methods.


Several decades have passed since the development of the revolutionary DNA sequencing method by Frederick Sanger and his colleagues. After the Human Genome Project, the time interval between sequencing technologies began to shrink, while the volume of scientific knowledge continued to grow exponentially. Following Sanger sequencing, considered as the first generation, new generations of DNA sequencing were consistently introduced into practice. Advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have contributed significantly to this trend by reducing costs and generating massive sequencing data. To date, there are three generations of sequencing technologies. Second generation se-quencing, which is currently the most commonly used NGS technology, consists of library preparation, amplification and sequencing steps, while in third generation sequencing, individual nucleic acids are sequenced directly to avoid bias and have higher throughput. The development of new generations of sequencing has made it possible to overcome the limitations of traditional DNA sequencing methods and has found application in a wide range of projects in molecular biology. On the other hand, with the development of next generation technologies, many technical problems arise that need to be deeply analyzed and solved. Each generation and sequencing platform, due to its methodological approach, has specific advantages and disadvantages that determine suitability for certain applications. Thus, the assessment of these characteristics, limitations and potential applications helps to shape the directions for further research on sequencing technologies.


High performance fiber optic gyroscopes require a high degree of scale factor stability. Scale factor is directly dependent' on the wavelength of the light source, regardless of whether the fiber optic gyroscope is operated open or closed loop. The light source of choice is a broadband AlGaAs superluminescent diode (SLD). This paper describes a compact, stable, passive SLD wavelength monitoring device which can measure the mean wavelength of an SLD to an accuracy that meets stability requirements.


Polyphosphate ester,with a good thermal stability and anti-combustion capability,is an additive fire retardant without any second pollution widely used in the applied field.To cut the costs and simplify the craft of synthesis,a kind of fire retardant of polyphosphate ester is synthesized with a method of improving raw materials.In this paper,the effect of temperature,time of reaction and initiator to polymerizing are studied.With IR and element analysis,the optimum production conditions are found that the respond temperature is 220℃,the respond time is 3 hours and the most suitable ratio is H_3PO_4(85%): CO(NH_2)_2=1∶1.84.


An estimated 750 billion bbl of heavy crude are locked in shallow Cretaceous sands along a 500-mile crescent stretching from the Peace River country in northwestern Alberta to the Lloydminster district straddling the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. Most of the oil is so viscous that it can be produced only by thermal methods. Bulk of current heavy crude production is in the Lloydminster area, which fills less than half the Ontario demand and supplies a few midwestern U.S. refineries. Another 10,000 bpd could be sold via Interprovincial pipeline. No commercial thermal recovery project is in operation in Canada, but the biggest thermal projects ever have been proposed, and more will no doubt be proposed. Presently the only areas where commerical production can reasonably be expected once the pilot projects have been completed are ironically the newest tests of all: one, a steam stimulation scheme by Husky Oil in Llodyminster and the other in-situ combustion pilot-flood by Socony Mobil Oil Co. in the Battrum Field which produces 17.5$ oil from Jurassic sands. Both tests are in Saskatchewan. (129 refs.)


BACKGROUND
RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) is a common genitourinary malignancy, but its behavior has not been studied in the Indian Subpopulation.

AIMS
The aim of this study was to assess the validity of 1997 AJCC TNM staging in Indian subpopulation and also to identify independent predictors for survival in patients having RCC.

SETTING AND DESIGN
Retrospective uncontrolled analysis of patients with RCC was performed at our centre.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Medical records of patients of undergoing radical nephrectomy at our center between 1994 to August 2003 were identified retrospectively. Medical records of 178 patients were available for analysis. Patient characteristics, preoperative imaging and surgical details were reviewed. Each tumor was staged according to the 1997 AJCC TNM classification. Nuclear grade was assigned according to the Fuhrman's grading system.

STATISTICAL METHODS
Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software and descriptive statistics and survival functions were obtained. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors affecting outcome of the patient were performed.

RESULTS
Mean follow up period was 42.3 months (range 3 to 108 months). Stage wise 5-year Cancer specific survival was 87.2% in stage 1 disease, 74.3% in stage 2, 36.4% in stage 3 and 3.1% in stage 4. Univariate analysis revealed that stage, grade and lymph node status were statistically significant (P=0.009, 0.007 and 0.003 respectively). Sub-classifying stage 1 tumors between tumor of less than 4 cm. and more than 4 cm. did not reveal any statistically significant difference in survival (P=0.32). Multivariate analysis model revealed that Fuhrman's grade and lymph node status were statistically significant (P=0.007 and 0.002 respectively).

CONCLUSION
This study validates the TNM (1997) staging for RCC as having significant survival impact in the Indian subpopulation. Sub-classifying stage 1 tumors between tumor of less than 4 cm. and more than 4 cm is not of much importance. Nuclear grade and lymph node involvement are important independent predictors of survival. Organ confined tumors with high nuclear grades need to be followed up more rigorously.


Interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine that maintains thermal hyperalgesia and facilitates the release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide from rat cutaneous nociceptors in vivo and in vitro. Brief applications of IL‐1β to nociceptive neurons yielded a potentiation of heat‐activated inward currents (Iheat) and a shift of activation threshold toward lower temperature without altering intracellular calcium levels. The IL‐1β‐induced heat sensitization was not dependent on G‐protein‐coupled receptors but was mediated by activation of protein kinases. The nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, the specific protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide BIM1, and the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein reduced the sensitizing effect of IL‐1β whereas negative controls were ineffective. RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization revealed IL‐1RI but not RII expression in neurons rather than surrounding satellite cells in rat dorsal root ganglia. IL‐1β acts on sensory neurons to increase their susceptibility for noxious heat via an IL‐1RI/PTK/ PKC‐dependent mechanism.—Obreja, O., Rathee, P. K., Lips, K. S., Distler, C., Kress, M. IL‐1J potentiates heat‐activated currents in rat sensory neurons: involvement of IL‐1RI, tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase C. FASEB J. 16, 1497–1503 (2002)


The sampling approach is of utmost importance to obtain data regarding microbial viability and truly assess workers' potential health effects. The purpose of this assessment is to create a score which will provide up-to-date information to identify the most suitable sampling method to assess occupational exposure to fungi. Data from a sampling campaign performed at Firefighters Headquarters (FFH) was analysed and a score was calculated from one (1) to three (3) for five (5) distinct sample parameters: (a) accuracy; (b) complexity of the field work; (c) cost; (d) complexity in laboratory work; and (e) time taken since the fieldwork until obtaining the fungal contamination characterization. The statistical analysis allowed us to conclude that settled dust and Andersen six-stage were the best sampling methods to perform the assessment of the occupational exposure to fungi at FFH, when considering the number of species. As for the final score, the results showed that surface swabs were the best sampling method. The results obtained for surface swabs highlights the low complexity of this processing combined with the fact that it is a low-cost sampling method. This study reinforces the need to use a wide array of sampling methods when assessing occupational exposure to fungal contamination to ensure an accurate risk characterization.


A study was conducted to determine the limiting propagation effects on the performance of a microwave system that could be used to detect the optical visibility between two vehicles, separated by up to 10 km, in irregular, obstructed terrain. The study had four objectives: 1) to demonstrate what effects signal variability has on the intervisibility decision process, 2) to identify the possible sources of the signal variability and to estimate the magnitude of each source's contribution to the total variability, 3) to obtain propagation loss data, over various types of terrain and obstructed paths, which could be used to predict received signal variability due to propagation over similar paths, and 4) to use the measured data to predict the performance of a simulated intervisibility measurement system.

A measurement system, operating at 9.6 GHz and 28.8 GHz, was prepared and sent to Ft. Hunter Liggett, CA, where propagation path loss was measured over several selected paths of varying lengths, varying path geometries, and varying amounts of vegetation and rock outcroppings.

The study shows that a microwave intervisibility system is less perfect than a purely optical one, due to the variability of the received microwave radio signal. However, the performance of the microwave intervisibility system can be predicted based upon the magnitude of the signal's variability. With a limited set of propagation measurements in the area where the microwave intervisibility system is to operate, an estimate of the "optimum" microwave signal threshold and the signal variability can be made; this allows a prediction of the system's performance.


Neutral tetrakis-monodentate tectons 1 and 2, based on the pentaerythritol skeleton and bearing four nicotinoyl or isonicotinoyl groups respectively as coordination sites, have been prepared and their ability to generate coordination networks was studied in the presence of HgCl2 or CoCl2 behaving as metallatectons offering either a "V" or a square type geometry respectively. Whereas in the case of the tecton 1 offering four coordination sites in the same plane (square type geometry) a 1-D coordination network was observed in the presence of neutral HgCl2, in the presence of CoCl2 metallatecton presenting four available coordination sites occupying the corners of a square, a 2-D neutral coordination network was obtained. For tecton 2, possessing also four coordinating sites but occupying the apices of a pseudo tetrahedron, a 2-D network was obtained with HgCl2, whereas in the presence of CoCl2 a 3-D network was observed. In the latter case, a two-fold homo interpenetrating architecture was observed.


The human brain contains approximately 109 neurons, each with approximately 103 connections, synapses, with other neurons. Most sensory, cognitive, and motor functions of our brains depend on the interaction of a large population of neurons. In recent years, many technologies have been developed for recording large numbers of neurons either sequentially or simultaneously. Increases in computational power and algorithmic developments have enabled advanced analyses of the neuronal population parallel to the rapid growth of quantity and complexity of the recorded neuronal activity. Recent studies made use of dimensionality and model order reduction techniques to extract coherent features which are not apparent at the level of individual neurons. It has been observed that the neuronal activity evolves on low-dimensional subspaces. The aim of model reduction of large-scale neuronal networks is the accurate and fast prediction of patterns and their propagation in different areas of the brain. Spatiotemporal features of brain activity are identified on low-dimensional subspaces with methods such as dynamic mode decomposition, proper orthogonal decomposition, the discrete empirical interpolation method, and combined parameter and state reduction. In this chapter, we give an overview of the currently used dimensionality reduction and model order reduction techniques in neuroscience.


A virus (BV-PLV1) w h ~ c h causes lysis of 2 stralns of a marlne heterotiophic nanoflagellate belonging to the genus Bodo (strains E l and E4) was isolated from the coastal waters of Texas USA Transmission electron microscopy of ultrath~n sectlons of ~nfected nanoflagellates revealed the presence of int!acellular virus-hke particles 48 h f o l l o \ ~ ~ n g ~ n f e c t ~ o n , concomitant with a d e c l ~ n e In flagellate numbers The vilus contalns double-stranded DNA, 1s hexagonal In cross section, ca 230 to 300 nm in diameter and contains an electron dense core It is morphologically slmilar to virus-l~ke particles w h ~ c h ave been obselved In other heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and to viruses which have been ISOlated which ~n fec t eukaryot~c phytoplankton Addition of the vlrus to cultures of Pseudobodo parvulus (ATCC 50091, formerly Bodo parvulus) or Paraphysomonas imperforata (straln VS1) did not ~ e s u l t in lysis To our knowledge t h ~ s is the first virus infecting heterotrophic nanoflagellates which has been isolated and inaintained in culture The presence of viruses in seawater which cause lysis of phagotrophlc nanotlayellates implies that viruses Infect microzooplankton populat~ons In the sea and suggests another ~ ~ n p o r t a n t role for viruses in aquatic n~icrobial communities


Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) thin films were deposited by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) technique. A set of a-CNx thin films were prepared using pure methane (CH4) gas diluted with nitrogen (N2) gas. The N2 to CH4 flow rate ratios calculated as N2/(N2+CH4) were varied at 20, 30, 50, 60 and 70 %. These samples were then annealed at 400 °C in a quartz tube furnace in argon (Ar) gas. The effects of N2 dilution and thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of these samples were studied. A surface profilometer was used to measure film thickness. A field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) measurements were used to determine their structural and optical properties, respectively. The thickness of the as-deposited films decreased with increased N2 composition ratio. However, the thickness increased when these films were annealed. The FESEM images showed that the grain size of as-deposited and...


Ageing is characterized by the progressive impairment of physiological functions and increased risk of developing debilitating disorders, including chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. These disorders have common molecular mechanisms that can be targeted therapeutically. In the wake of the approval of the first cannabinoid-based drug for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis, we examine how endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling controls — and is affected by — normal ageing and neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. We propose a conceptual framework linking eCB signalling to the control of the cellular and molecular hallmarks of these processes, and categorize the key components of endocannabinoid signalling that may serve as targets for novel therapeutics. After millennia of anecdotal use (both medicinal and recreational) of Cannabis plants, as described in Chinese, Indian and Arab pharmacopeias 1 , centuries of their documented medicinal use throughout the world, and nearly five decades of research on the mechanism of action of their bioactive constituents (the phytocannabinoids), the medical use of cannabis extracts was approved in June 2010 by ten European countries 2. This first Cannabis-based medicine (known as nabiximols in the United States and marketed as Sativex (GW Pharmaceuticals) in more than 25 countries worldwide) was prepared by combining botanical extracts from two varieties of Cannabis sativa plants, one producing mainly Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the major psychotropic component in the flowers) and the other producing mainly cannabidiol (CBD; an abundant non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid), with a ratio of approximately 1:1. Thus, despite the medicinal uses of THC for the treatment of emesis and cachexia in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, and for promoting appetite in patients with AIDS 1,3 , cannabis extracts were finally given bona fide therapeutic status after a decade of clinical trials dedicated to the testing of a combination of THC and CBD on the neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis. A wealth of results obtained from animal models and human studies over the past two decades greatly increased our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which THC, its endogenous 'counterparts' (the endocannabinoids, eCBs) and its synthetic analogues, modulate cannabinoids receptors. These studies also provided scientific support for targeting the eCB signalling system to treat several devastating diseases, including neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases. This Review focuses on recent evidence that has added a new layer of complexity to the idea of targeting the eCB signalling system for therapeutic benefit, as it is now clear that the expression level of the …


Constitutions reflect national values and set out the foundational principles of governance. Traditionally, those values and principles have been male-defined. As such, constitutions often form the basis of the 'gendered state' with all its attendant inequities. Feminist constitutionalism challenges the wider domain of constitution-making to consider questions relating to gender inequality in constitutional debate, design and redesign. Through a case study approach, this article utilises a feminist lens to examine on-going constitutional debates in Northern Ireland that have been deepened by Brexit. Any new constitutional arrangements on the island of Ireland will drive multiple transformations in social, legal and economic life that will impact on the lives of women. Subsequently, this article explores the gender dynamics of current debates to contribute to the broader feminist literature on constitutional transitions in deeply divided societies.


Caffeate and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferases (COMTs and CC0AOMTs) catalyze the formation of ferulic acid and feruloyl-CoA, respectively, in many plants, and their physiological significance is under investigation. CCoAOMT was proposed to play a pivotal role in cell wall reinforcement during the induced disease resistance response, as exemplified in elicitor-treated parsley cells, as well as in the formation of guaiacyland syringyl-type lignins. This requires selective substrate and tissue specificities. Parsley CCoAOMT expressed in E. coli methylated caffeoylor 5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to feruloyland sinapoyl-CoA, whereas neither caffeate nor 5-hydroxyferulate was accepted. Tissue print hybridizations of parsley stem and root sections revealed, furthermore, that CCoAOMT mRNA is constitutively associated with the vascular tissues, but is also expressed in the surface cell layers upon wounding. In order to study the promoter activity of the parsley CCoAOMT gene, tobacco plantlets were transformed with parsley CCoAOMT promoter— GUS reporter gene constructs; these transformants, at the very young stage, expressed GUS activity in a narrow subapical root zone only extending later to the vascular tissue at the onset of xylem differentiation. GUS activity of the mature transgenic tobacco plants was observed exclusively in the parenchyma lining the differentiated xylem elements and xylem ray cells of root, stem or leaf tissues. Thus, parsley CCoAOMT is a bifunctional enzyme which appears to serve in both stress compensation and lignification. This was supported by the ontogenetic activity profile of tobacco endogeneous CCoAOMT, which correlated closely with the GUS expression under the control of parsley CCoAOMT promoter, while the proportion of CCoAOMT vs. COMT activities varied substantially during growth of the transgenic tobacco plants.


Modern methods of generating the high voltage required for the excitation of X-ray tubes are discussed from the electrical aspects of efficiency, effect on the apparatus, and possibility of direct measurement. The direct current supply from transformers and valve rectifiers with condensers is shown to be the best from the above electrical aspects, and it is suggested that standardisation on this or some similar circuit could well be discussed, to the ultimate advantage of the manufacturer and the user. The Greinacher circuit using two valves and two condensers is dealt with in some detail, and test results on an experimental low-voltage circuit of this type are given and discussed. From these results are deduced some points in design and an outline specification for a continuous voltage plant for 100 milliamperes and up to 80–90 kilovolts. These results are also analysed and found to conform to calculations. Other desirable features in design, include voltage selection in only three or four steps, control...


Kidney exchange is an increasing modality for transplanting end stage renal disease patients with an incompatible living donor. Typically, the aim is to find an allocation of donors to patients that is optimal with respect to multiple hierarchical criteria. This paper presents an iterative branch-and-price algorithm for clearing such multi-criteria kidney exchanges with large patient-donor pools. Using a polynomial pricing procedure, the algorithm accomodates not only for cycles of incompatible pairs but also for long chains initiated by unspecified donors. Such chains are increasingly common and important in clinical practice, but, as we show, cannot be efficiently dealt with using existing depth-first pricing procedures. Our algorithm also supports individual rationality constraints required for multi-center coordination. Using Dutch kidney exchange data, we show the effect of long term multi-criteria optimization with our algorithm.


The effects of laser parameters such as intensity, wavelength, and bandwidth on the determination of the Sn isotope ratio are analyzed numerically with density-matrix equations. The bandwidth of the laser is taken into account by the chaotic-field model. We consider the isotopes of Sn that consist of the even-mass isotopes with no nuclear spin and the odd-mass isotopes with a nuclear spin of ħ/2. In the scheme in which a first laser excites atoms to an intermediate state and a second laser ionizes them, the exciting-laser intensity has greater influence on the isotope ratio than the ionizing-laser intensity regardless of the laser bandwidth


This paper introduces reinforced concrete construction technics used in Yuhuan Power Plant 1 000 MW turbine generator foundation from five essentials,including workers,machinery,materials,methods and environment.By using rational concrete-mixing ratio,foundation hoop reinforcemen modification,new types of molding board and molding method,off-the-shelf plastic pads and PVC chamfer lines and rational pouring,the effect of mirror surface concrete has realized.


Overcompression is the process of post-processing compressed images to gain either further size reduction or improved quality. This is made possible by the fact that the set of all \reasonable" images has a sparse structure. In this work, we apply this idea to the overcompression of JPEG images: We reduce the blocking artifacts commonly seen in JPEG images by allowing the low frequency coecients of the DCT to vary slightly. Evolutionary strategies are used in order to guide the modication of the coecients towards a smoother image.


SummaryAn in vitro protocol has been developed for callus indiction, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration from stigma-style culture of grapevine. Four different grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.: cvs. 'Bombino Nero', 'Greco di Tufo', 'Merlot', and 'Sangiovese') were tested. Exlants were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch medium (NN) supplemented with various combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA: 4.5 and 9.0 μM) and β-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA; 5.0 and 9.9 μM). Sucrose (88 mM) was used as the carbon source. Somatic embryogenesis was induced within 3–7 mo. after culture initiation. Even though explants of different origin (unfertilized ovules and anthers) regenerated somatic embryos, the higher embryogenic potential was observed in stigma and style explants, with the exception of 'Merlot', which regenerated somatic embryos only from unfertilized ovules. The percentages of stigma-style explants producing somatic embryos was 7% in 'Bombino Nero' (cultured on NN medium supplemented 9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). 14% in 'Greco di Tufo' (4.5 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA), and 8% in 'Sangiovese' (9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). The presence of growth regulators (BA and NOA) in the medium was essential for induction of somatic embryogenesis. Plants were regenerated on hormone-free NN medium containing 88 mM sucrose.


In this paper we shall analyze the establishment of property rights on the land gained by advancing the frontier in 1869 and which was spread over an area where three provincial jurisdictions overlapped. We will describe the strategy used by one of the provinces – strategy defined as an incomplete transaction- in order to settle this conflict of interests among the provinces of Cordoba, Santa Fe and Buenos Aires. Our approach to the issue of property rights of border lands takes into account the institutional changes brought about by the strengthening of the Central Government and the development of the Executive, Legislative and Judicial powers.  Each of these had a role in the control of the defense lines and their advancement, the passing of laws that defined jurisdictional limits and private and public property rights, and finally, the resolution of ownership conflicts. This study looks in depth at a highly conflictive area, in which land ownership conflicts needed a long process to be resolved: from 1875 to the end of the XIX century.


: This study deals with the preparation of Schiff-base ligands from the reaction of salicaldehyde with ethylenediamine in the ratios 1:1 of ligand (1) and 1:2 of ligand (2). Their metal complexes with ions Fe (11), Co (11), Ni (11), and Cu (11) were also prepared. The electronic spectrum of all these complexes and the IR spectrum were studied. The ratios of dissociation of these complexes were investigated via radiation by using mercury lamp in the wavelength of 365 nm. It is noticed that these complexes dissociate slowly during the process of radiation.


The Aloe saponaria plant has been known and used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. On the other hand, Aloe saponaria also contain antinutrition compounds namely saponin which lead negative effect. The aim of the study was to investigate the saponin content from each part of Aloe saponaria plant to maximize it benefits and advantages. The saponin content were analyzed from five part of Aloe saponaria leaf such as tip of the leaf, middle of the leaf, bottom of the leaf, leaf skin and leaf flesh. To do this, following are done. Total saponin content was identified by extraction. The procedure was performed by modifying the four thermal processing methods by Xu and Chang, 2009. The saponin analysis shows that the tip of the Aloe saponaria leaf contains highest concentration of saponin compare to the other part of Aloe saponaria leaf (1,712 mg/g).


This paper discusses the change law of slope stability under rainfall infiltration condition. The rainfall intensity and duration and prophase rainfall are comprehensively studied,influence of soil infiltration characteristic factors on slope stability is comprehensively studied,the comparison and analysis of the short time heavy rainfall and long weak rainfall characteristics of slope are emphasized. Analysis results show that the safety of the slope is reduced with the increase of rainfall intensity and duration,safety factor is used as the growth of the late time interval before showing a lower growth trend.Slope safety performance decreases with the increase of permeability characteristics in strengthening;short heavy rain to slope top soil is likely of saturation,and influence of long weak rainfall on the slope soil depth is bigger,stability is greatly reduced,but long weak rainfall of landslide hazard degree is higher.


Cancer December 15, 2016 © J A M ES C LA R K E / S H U TT ER ST O C K .C O M suggested that the increase is due to the rise in HPV-related disease, but Dr. Jones and his colleagues wanted to further investigate whether that was the case in the United Kingdom. A large, multidisciplinary team comprised of researchers from major head and neck cancer centers in the United Kingdom determined the HPV status of archival tumor tissue from 1602 patients who had been diagnosed with OPSCC between 2002 and 2011. Each sample was analyzed using 3 validated commercial tests for HPV, and results were obtained for samples from 1474 patients. The prevalence of HPV infection among these samples was 51.8%. When considered by year of disease diagnosis, the percentage of samples testing positive for HPV remained static at approximately 50%. As a result, researchers were surprised to learn that, although the overall incidence of OPSCC rose each year, the percentage of cases attributable to HPV did not change. HPV-negative disease is rising in parallel to HPV-positive OPSCC, Dr. Jones says, adding that this information contrasts with trends reported elsewhere in the developed world. For that reason, he concludes that the underlying causes of the increase in OPSCC incidence must be analyzed in a population-specific manner. He adds that the evidence points to the need for a genderneutral HPV vaccination policy, and that alcohol consumption could be driving the increase in HPV-negative disease, although that hypothesis has yet to be proven. One difference between the United Kingdom and the United States is that, although the magnitude of the increase in rates of HPV-positive OPSCC is very similar between the countries, the percentage of HPV-negative disease declined in the United States whereas it rose in the United Kingdom during the study period. As a result, researchers have concluded that risk factor exposures may vary substantially between the 2 countries.


We derive the formulas of the maximal and minimal ranks of four real matrices X1,X2,X3 and X4 in common solu- tion X = X1 + X2i + X3j + X4k to quaternion matrix equa- tions A1X = C1,XB2 = C2,A3XB3 = C3. As applications, we establish necessary and sucient conditions for the existence of the common real and complex solutions to the matrix equa- tions. We give the expressions of such solutions to this system when the solvability conditions are met. Moreover, we present necessary and sucient conditions for the existence of real and complex solutions to the system of quaternion matrix equations A1X = C1,XB2 = C2,A3XB3 = C3,A4XB4 = C4. The findings of this paper extend some known results in the literature.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography( RT-3DE) in evaluation of left ventricular remodeling( LVR) changes pre- and post- percutaneous coronary intervention( PCI) in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Methods 56 patients were divided into normal control group( 24 cases) and PCI group( 32 cases). The left ventricle volume image of normal control group and PCI group were analyzed offline by RT-3D examination,and left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF),the global peak ejection rate( g PER),the global peak filling rate( g PFR) and the left ventricular remodeling index( LVRI) were obtained. The difference of all parameters between normal control group and PCI group including pre-PCI,7d post-PCI subgroup,1 month post-PCI subgroup and 3 month post-PCI subgroup were compared. Results All parameters of pre-PCI were significantly lower than normal control group's( P 0. 01). All parameters of 7d post-PCI subgroup and 1 month post PCI subgroup were better than pre-PCI( P 0. 05),and 3month post-PCI subgroup were obviously better than pre-PCI. There were no significant differences of all parameters between3 month post-PCI subgroup and normal control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion PCI can reverse the left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. The LVEF,LVRI,g PER and g PFR obtained by RT-3DE can evaluate the degree of left ventricular remodeling.


Severe coronary heart disease is one of the most frequently fatal diseases in western countries. Its incidence and mortality have been raising obviously for the past few years in China. Recent treatments, including medication and surgical operations, have their limitations. As research into angiogenes is making great advances, it is leading to new ways to treat ischemic heart disease. This article discusses the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of hepatocyte growth factors on coronary heart diseases, as well as its investigative progress, and related problems which need to be addressed.


PUBLISHED in 2001, Eles eram muitos cavalos by Luiz Ruffato has been critically acclaimed as one of the most important novels in contemporary Brazilian literature. Having won the 2001 Machado de Assis award from Biblioteca Nacional and been selected as best novel by the Associacao Paulista de Criticos de Arte in the same year, Eles eram muitos cavalos received in 2005 fourth place among the most important 125 works of Brazilian fiction to be published since 1990. Taking place in Sao Paulo on May 9, 2000, the novel narrates a single day in the lives of people living in the city. Numerous anonymous characters are the protagonists of multiple stories that read as entries more than as chapters, which do not build up as a connected longer narrative. Hence, the continuous shift in narrative voice and perspective announces various experiences that travel across class, gender, and race, ultimately unfolding a conjuncture of extreme social inequality. Most of the excitement around Eles eram muitos cavalos in the years following its publication celebrated the novel's narrative style and format, namely its realist narrative approach as well as the unusual use of layout and grammatical experimentation. The realist style can be seen in the portrayal of the daily struggles of a multitude of poor urban dwellers in a way that challenges the normalized banality of their condition of marginality as a form of social criticism. The formal experimentation appears throughout the text in the constant use of incomplete phrases, unanswered questions, partial lists, unconventional punctuation, and unusual layout. Arguably, the most immediate question that emerges in Eles eram muitos cavalos contends that there is a set of reasons for the occurrence of this form of representation in the particular context of late twentieth-century Brazil. To ask these questions is to think of how Eles eram muitos cavalos favors modes of representation that resonate with ways of experiencing the world in a context of contemporary developments of globalization. As a critical space used to make sense of discourses and experiences of globalization, Eles eram muitos cavalos, I argue, presents new perspectives on the problems and possibilities prompted by globalization. Ruffato's work helps us reflect on the intersections between globalization and fiction and explore its effects by showing that literatures of globalization are not only narratives that partake in constructing fictions of a globalized era but also help expose the fictions that globalization creates. Globalization, as Milton Santos indicates, should be understood in a triple sense (18). First, as a fable, it is presented to us as a fantastic story of a network of an economic-productive-technological future; second, as perversity, where it has intensified a worldwide situation of unequal concentration of wealth; and third, as a possibility of emergence of alternative ways of interacting with the world. Santos's argument acknowledges that deeply embedded in different political, social, and economic realities, globalization cannot be defined as a homogeneous experience, but should be understood as a complex process with inherently different variables and consequences. The global city concept is derivative of that larger framework and speaks to the notion of globalization as fable. In her seminal work on the topic, Saskia Sassen defines global cities as strategic sites where global processes materialize (5). These cities, according to Sassen, are the spaces where crucial political decisions are made and serve as the organizing centers of global power in the geography of globalization. Initially conceptualized as a scholarly tool used to address the effects of globalization in the urban landscape, the concept of a global city turned into a homogenizing organizing principle with enough weight to influence how cities in a globalized world should be structured as well as imagined. …


Method 500 for converting interlaced video to progressive video includes determining 510 whether step 505 receives a video signal representative of at least one picture, and at least one picture is progressive. According to the determination of a progressive picture, since the transmitted fields and field followed immediately prior to identify whether the fields from the same progressive picture, 615,650 of the vertical synchronizing signal is selectively changed.


More and more researches illustrate a great role of idioms in foreign language education. While a great deal of these researches focuses on the positive impact idioms play in learning foreign languages, there is a need for more empirical research aimed at teaching idiomatic language, which requires effective teaching techniques. The authors of this paper made an attempt to meet this challenge. In this study, the research objective defined by the authors is to prove that humorous stories (anecdotes) promote the acquisition of idioms easily and efficiently. The leading research method was a three-stage experiment. To successfully conduct the experiment, there was compiled a list of ninety frequently used English idioms. Twenty two MA students volunteered to participate in this experiment. The obtained results indicated that the linguistic phenomena are "well-digested' when they are presented in the appealing way in the classroom. The paper discusses issues and practices of the techniques implemented in this study for teaching idiomatic English in ESP class and offers general recommendations for foreign language educators.


In this paper we propose a stable multistep scheme on time-space grids for solving backward stochastic differential equations. In our scheme, the integrands, which are conditional mathematical expectations derived from the original equations, are approximated by using Lagrange interpolating polynomials with values of the integrands at multiple time levels. They are then numerically evaluated using the Gauss-Hermite quadrature rules and polynomial interpolations on the spatial grids. Error estimates are rigorously proved for the semidiscrete version of the proposed scheme for backward stochastic differential equations with certain types of simplified generator functions. Finally, various numerical examples and comparisons with some other methods are presented to demonstrate high accuracy of the proposed multistep scheme.


Content-based image searches examine the actual content of an image rather than its meta information. The word "contents" refers to any details taken from the image itself, including its colours, structures, textures, and other elements. Content based image Retrieval (CBIR) is preferred because the accuracy and comprehensiveness of annotations are crucial for searches that just use metadata. The CBIR approach is frequently used to recover images from huge, unformed image collections. Users are therefore dissatisfied with traditional knowledge acquisition techniques. Additionally, users now have access to more photographs because of the development of image creation and sharing. This access of the digital images have significant applications in many areas. To enable this quick access of the images, form the available image collection is a difficult task and requires more effective methods. The characteristic representation and similarity computation are key components that determine how effective a content-based picture retrieval system is. To overcome this problem, a CNN based feature extraction and classification-based image retrieval system have been proposed using SVM classfier. The proposed one outperforms the search compared to the existing system.


In 2013, the Region Five Development Commission applied for a grant from Xcel Energy to help fund solar photovoltaic installations on schools within its five-county territory in northern Minnesota. The intent was to help the schools around the Brainerd-region save money on their electric bills, perform job training for a local Native American tribal college, and create STEM curriculums for the host schools. Xcel Energy offered the opportunity to Region Five enter into a grant agreement in December 2015, after two years of waiting. From the onset of the project, Region Five faced numerous challenges with project ownership, financing, and interconnection rules, along with capacity building and partner education. This paper takes a look at how Region Five and its partners responded to these challenges, and what policy and project opportunities they found could better promote similar projects in the state of Minnesota.


Diversification in higher education development path and prosperity of OECD countries with a reasonable choice in line with their national conditions and input mode are inseparable.There are four typical patterns: firstly,the United States model,which the financial investment,social investment and personal investment are "three tops";secondly,a Korea-based representative of "society-led model" with the higher social investment and government investment supplemented;thirdly,France-based representative,called the centralized system of government investment mode;fourth,Denmark and other Nordic country as the representative of "country pay" model.It shows that,the country should ensure the total growth of higher education in the rapid development period,and pay attention to the important role of social investment at the same time.


Microcirculation in skeletal muscle determines both blood flow distribution and O2 transport. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is a prime candidate to assess in tissue, as PO2 variations herald a functionality decline in skeletal muscle. Traditional non‐invasive microcirculatory techniques such as Intra‐vital Video Microscopy (IVVM) allowing for blood velocity and capillary saturation (SO2) measurements, are unable to directly assess skeletal muscle tissue PO2. Instead, modern microcirculatory O2 analysis relies on biophysical models to recreate tissue PO2 distributions. (Ellis et al, Microcirc 2012, 19:5).


This study is circumscribed to the Information Science. The zetetic aim of research is double: a) to dene the concept of action of informational processing and b) to design a taxonomy of actions of informational processing.


Residents of rural and regional areas often have limited access to health care professionals. This study investigated the ability of a modification of the Arthritis Basics for Change program developed by the American Arthritis Foundation to improve psychosocial functioning in a group of individuals with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis who lived in north- ern Queensland. The program comprised five, home-based sessions spaced over three weeks incorporating an audio CD and two 10-minute telephone consultations. A total of 34 individuals (7 males, mean age 59 years) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a wait list control group. Measures were administered before, after and at three-months follow up and included the Arthritis Helplessness Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Health Assessment Ques- tionnaire, and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Improvements in both groups were noted in helplessness, anxiety, and depression following the program and at a three-month follow up. No changes were observed for pain, disability, or coping skills across time and between groups. A higher proportion of individuals in the intervention group than in the control group attained clinically significant improvement on the HADS Depression scale. Despite the small sample size, results showed that some significant gains can be made through short, specifically tailored interventions.


The direction of Migrant Education of Jalisco is part of the Ministry of Public Education in Mexico. Its objective is to offer quality education to children from migrant rural worker's families in multiple states of this country. In Jalisco, educational attention presents a series of issues related to communicative competences. The project "Teaching Staff Professionalization on Migrant Education" is a plan of pedagogical intervention for written language implemented in four phases. The written language is fostered by an intercultural, de-colonial approach scheme in contexts where oral cultures prevail. The goal is to construct learning situations from orality to accomplish the identification of different discourses other than the academically traditional one in order to add them to the curricula. This method, while not bilingual because of language shift phenomena observed in the students, is indeed intercultural due to the fact that it takes up discursive and iconographic-symbolic representations of the migrant children's native culture while using triggering topics to rescue the collective and ancestral memory.


Flowering plants have evolved enormous diversity and complexity of inflorescence architecture. One great model for studying complex inflorescence development and evolution is the Asteraceae (the sunflower family), which is one of the largest flowering plant families and widely distributed across the


Background: During coronavirus pandemic disease 2019 (COVID-19) the Government of the Republic of Slovenia introduced a series of restrictive measures including outpatient clinics closure and a cessation of all elective healthcare visits To sustain attentiveness to optimal diabetes care, the vast majority of appointments for individuals with type 1 diabetes were transitioned to video digital/virtual visits Methods: In this prospective observational study, we compared glycaemic control of children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes from the Slovenian National Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Registry during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods We approached all individuals with type 1 diabetes, who had a visit scheduled between 15th of March and 20th of May 2020 Results: Out of 326 subjects, 313 (96% response rate) attended a video digital/virtual visit Glycaemic control was not impaired during the lockdown period in individuals with type 1 diabetes and has even slightly improved Mean glucose was 9 3 mmol/l (IQR 8 3–10 3) during the lockdown, compared to 9 5 mmol/l (IQR 8 2–10 9), p = 0 001 during the pre-lockdown period Conclusion: In a short period of time, we established effective workflows to enable video digital/ virtual visits that provided individuals with type 1 diabetes good clinical support and prevented deterioration of this chronic condition and its acute complications during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic


Members of the brachyuran family Pinnotheridae are nearly all symbionts of other invertebrates; some crabs are parasitic and others are commensal. Most live inside bivalve molluscs or in the tubes or burrows of polychaetes and other marine organisms. Animals living on or in pinnotherid crabs are considered to be hypersymbiotic and are reviewed here. Hypersymbionts are poorly represented within only 26 members (∼8.6%) of the Pinnotheridae (20 species in the subfamily Pinnotherinae and six species in the Pinnothereliinae). Parasitic hypersymbionts are as follows: three species of fungi; one cestode larva (undescribed procercoid of Trypanorhynchida); one trematode metacercaria (undescribed Microphallidae); nematode cysts (undescribed); three species of Nemertea (Carcinonemertidae, two undescribed); two species of rhizocephalan Cirripedia (Sacculinidae; plus five or more undescribed potential sacculinid species); epicaridean Isopoda [13 species of Bopyridae (one undescribed) and four species of entoniscids (Entoniscidae, three undescribed)]. Preliminary biological information on undescribed entoniscids is presented. Several mainly incidental hypersymbioses involving ectosymbionts are known primarily from Pinnixa chaetopterana, a symbiont of polychaete burrows. The ctenostome bryozoan Triticella elongata is the only known obligate ectosymbiont in P. chaetopterana, but it also infests five other species of pinnotherids. Some of the other ectosymbionts (all incidental) on P. chaetopterana are stalked ciliates, hydroids, juvenile polychaetes, bivalve molluscs, balanomorph barnacles, harpacticoid copepods and urochordates. Species of ectosymbionts including an ectoproct bryozoan have been reported from other pinnotherid species. Factors influencing our meagre knowledge of hypersymbioses in the Pinnotheridae are discussed, among them the inaccessibility of crab hosts and research emphasis on taxonomy within the family.


In this note we briefly describe our Cholesky modification algorithm for streaming multiprocessor architectures. Our implementation is available in C++ with Matlab binding, using CUDA to utilise the graphics processing unit (GPU). Limited speed ups are possible due to the bandwidth bound nature of the problem. Furthermore, a complex dependency pattern must be obeyed, requiring multiple kernels to be launched. Nonetheless, this makes for an interesting problem, and our approach can reduce the computation time by a factor of around 7 for matrices of size 5000 by 5000 and k=16, in comparison with the LINPACK suite running on a CPU of comparable vintage. Much larger problems can be handled however due to the O(n) scaling in required GPU memory of our method.


Background:  Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is increasingly recognised in patients presenting with features of acute coronary syndrome. We present a single centre experience of TC with medium term follow up.


This paper addresses a new fractional order infectious disease model with saturated incidence and time delay. In the new model, the isolated population and the asymptomatic infected population are considered. The invariant region and positive analysis of the solution of the model are established. Next, the basic reproduction number is obtained by the next-generation matrix method, and the sufficient conditions for local asymptotic stability for arbitrary time delays are proposed. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical results is verified by some numerical simulations.


A 2 dimensional quality function for quantifying the quality of images observed at viewing regions in contact-type multiview 3 dimensional imaging systems is devised and its effectiveness is verified experimentally. The function allows calculating the locations of viewing regions for patched images of any number of different view images. The images observed at the calculated regions reveal that different parts of the display panel of the system project different view images and match with the function's prediction.


This article discusses some of the implications of taking a more egalitarian stance toward defining reality in the psychotherapeutic dyad. Therapists who encourage patients to observe and respond to the therapeutic process must consider the potential for disagreement on basic premises of psychotherapy. Relevant research findings and theoretical observations are reviewed, and two cases of such disagreement are described in this paper. In the first case, the patient disagreed with the therapist on aspects of the patient's role that the therapist felt were fundamental. The second case protested more about the therapist's role in the therapy, and requested interventions that were beyond the therapist's definition of her role. Interpretation within the framework of a mutually created therapeutic relationship included clear statements of the limits of the therapists' reality in these cases.


The study assessed the initial experience with posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for faecal incontinence and compared it with sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) performed in a single centre during the same timespan.


The Latin language is uncharacteristically rich when it comes to describing witches. A witch may be called a cantatrix or praecantrix, a sacerdos or vates. She may be docta, divina, saga, and maga, a venefica, malefica, lamia, lupula, strix, or striga. She may be simply quaedam anus. The available terms are copious and diverse, and the presence of such an abundant differential vocabulary might suggest (incorrectly, I shall argue) that Latin made clear linguistic distinctions between various witch types. It would seem a reasonable expectation that praecantrices, a word evocative of those who sing of events before they happen (prae + cantare), would be concerned with divinatory practices, while veneficae, given the term's close relationship to the word for poison (venenum), would deal in potions or philtres, leaving the lamiae (a Latinization of the Greek demon Lamia) or striges (personifications of the rapacious screech owl) to function as quasi-demonic bogeys posing threats to the lives of small children. However, this expectation of semantic and morphological concordance remains unfulfilled following any concerted attempt to correlate a witch's title with her function. Because of this disjuncture, this paper proposes to demonstrate not only the inaccuracy of the Latin vocabulary in articulating the functional differences between various witches, but also to assert the essential uniformity of witch characters in so far as each witch is, in essence, a blank canvas onto which a myriad of fears and anxieties may be mapped.


This paper went into a project of Non-electric air conditioning in Tianjin BinHai Tourism Area ,analyzed the parallelism usually adopting to contract for the weakness of mode。 This thesis put forward the adoption EPC mode according to the item characteristics and induced the achievement ofimplementation EPC mode。


The utility model relates to a EAS carpet formula detecting system, including detecting antenna, carpet, alarm sensor, electron flowerpot, it is embedded in the intermediate layer of carpet to detect the antenna, and the carpet is bilayer structure, detects the antenna and is located between the carpet intermediate layer, and the detection antenna passes through the connecting wire and links to each other with alarm sensor, and alarm sensor installs in the electron flowerpot to with the luminous petal intercommunication in the electron flowerpot. The utility model discloses measuring antenna to the EAS system adopts the console mode to hide the design, and is embedded in the carpet, beautified retail shop's environment, has reduced the detecting gate to the taking of retail shop space, and it is more convenient to move, has also safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of trade company when respecting consumer's human rights, has created the shopping atmosphere of relaxing more for the consumer.


Taxation play an essential role both in a country and in a corporation. To minimize the tax payment, corporation conduct a corporate tax management. According to some of previous research, there is a correlation between corporate governance and corporate tax management. In this research we are focusing on three: number of board, number of independent board and board compensation. We measure corporate tax management by using effective tax rate (GAAP ETR and current ETR are used in this research). By using several other control variables, we found that corporate governance have a significant correlation to corporate tax management.


Up to now, astronomers have mainly been measuring the brightness of the night sky (in magnitudes/arcsec2) at dark sites, especially at modern mountain observatories, or at potential observatory sites as a part of "site-testing" and "site-monitoring". Within the past few years, it has become evident that increasing night sky brightness and light pollution have far-reaching consequences for many branches of human life as well as wildlife. Therefore, it is desirable to measure and monitor the night sky brightness not only at remote mountaintop observatory locations, but also close to the centers of modern civilization, and to do so every night, in a reproducible way, with the aim of performing long-term studies (such as in climate research). Only in this way can the impact of night sky brightness on biological rhythms on animal behaviour, and human health be assessed. This is the aim of ongoing night sky brightness measurements in Stockholm at the Albanova University Center. In this article, I first recap a few aspects of how light pollution acts onto our ecosystem as well as the human body and then show the variability of the night sky brightness in Stockholm and how it compares to Vienna, the capital of Austria.


Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious and common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and it is encompasses a damage to the autonomic nerve fibers that innervate the heart and blood vessels, resulting in abnormalities in heart rat e control and vascular dynamics. The study was designated to estimate the prevalence of CAN in patients with type 2 DM and evaluate the effect of CAN in type 2 DM on the response to the thrombolytic therapy (Actilyse). The study extends from 3rd/November/2012 to 31th/May/2013 at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon Province and Al- Zahraa center of internal medicine in Al - Hussain teaching hospital in Karbala Province. The total number of subjects involved in this study was 111, all of them were newly diagno sed ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the Coronary Care Unit. Patients were classified according to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus or not into 2 groups, and patients with the type 2 DM divided into 3 groups according to the presence of CAN in order to study the difference in the response to the thrombolytic therapy ( Actilyse ) between these groups. All patients enrolled in this study had undergone clinical assessment by history and examination, Echocardiographic study and serum cardiac tropon in titer had been done for each one of them at admission and after 24 hours, Haematological assessment and biochemical assessment. The study revealed that there were an extremely significant difference between STEMI and type 2 DM (p< 0.0001). The echocardiographic examination revealed that there were an extremely significant association between the response of regional wall motion abnormality to Actilyse in STEMI and: the presence of type 2 DM (p< 0.0001), admission hyperglycemia (p< 0.0001), hypertension (p< 0.001) and a highly significant association with the duration of type 2 DM in years (p< 0.01) and a significant association with CAN (p< 0.05), The presence of Type 2 DM in STEMI patients lower the response of global left ventricle systolic function ( EF%) to Actilyse (p<0.01) and (p<0.05). There was an extremely significant relation (p< 0.0001) between type 2 DM and decrease serum Troponin titer after 24 hours of Actilyse. In view of the changes summarized, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patien t with ST-elevation myocardial infarction affect the response (successfulness ) of the thrombolytic therapy ( Actilyse ) that is seen by echocardiography and the level of troponin titer after the treatment, either by the effect of uncontrolled ( high blood sugar ) type 2 DM or the development of CAN.