Objective: The purpose of this study is to educate allied health professionals and female athletes of the anatomy of the pelvic floor, and the pathology, etiology, and prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in female athletes. Background: Urinary incontinence is not a life-threatening or dangerous condition, but it is socially embarrassing, may cause the individual to remove herself from social situations, and decrease quality of life. While typically associated with parous women who had vaginal delivery, research has shown prevalence of the condition in physically active women of all ages. Stress urinary incontinence has shown to lead to withdrawal from participation in high-impact activities such as gymnastics, aerobics, and running. It may be considered a barrier for life-long athletics participation in women. Description: An in-depth introduction to the cause and origin of stress urinary incontinence including review of the female pelvic floor anatomy and prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in the female athletic population. Clinical Advantages: Athletic trainers and other allied health professionals will develop an understanding of the multiple mechanisms that cause stress urinary incontinence. Clinician competency of the dynamics and mechanism of urinary incontinence prepares the individual to learn diagnostics, prevention, pharmacological intervention, and treatment of this pathology.


"Precision Health" is a proactive approach to healthcare management that starts from conception to end of life. It takes into consideration how lifestyle choices such as nutrition, smoking habits, exercise frequency, and stress management affects our lives. This extends to how social determinants of health such as biology and genetic endowment, income and social s tatus , social support networks, education and literacy, employment working conditions, social environments, physical environments contribute to a person's wellness. Additional determinants such as personal health practices, coping skills, healthy child-hood development, access health service, gender and culture all impact health outcomes and well-being. "Precision Health" relies on the collection and analysis of life experience information, clinical information and biological data such as proteins found in the blood from healthy and persons who are not well. This information can be used to follow patterns of health, well-being and the onset of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, mental health disorders, heart disease, frailty and neurological conditions. A "Precision Health" strategy would allow us for example to detect early warning signs of mental health distress before diseases such as post-traumatic stress or depression arise. This strategy can be used to proactively maintain health with the goal of preventing disease. "Precision Health" requires a collaborative approach between health care providers, citizens, researchers, engineers and policy makers to integrate research, clinical and demographic information. "Precision Health" facilitates the identification and monitoring of suspect patterns of being that can keep our population healthy. This practice will take real data and align best practice and research to develop preventative and ongoing strategies for living, monitoring wellness and delivering precision care.


Earthquake reconnaissance missions have been very successful in identifying the specific causes of failure for individual buildings and the deficiencies in building codes or local construction practices that have led to these; however, their ability to capture robust statistics on patterns of failure is usually beyond their scope. Furthermore, the success of these endeavours in establishing poor construction designs and practices, means that if we are to continue to learn new lessons we will need to gain fresh insights using new data streams. Recent technological advances have the ability to enable us to both increase the amount of data collected and to improve on the precision of these measurements. Furthermore, social media has the potential to provide entirely new data streams and to significantly add value to collected data by harnessing an army of data manipulators and interpreters. How to do this in a reliable way however, is the subject of much debate. In this paper, we explore the potential for a number of trialled and potential technologies to collect better and new information in earthquake reconnaissance, including virtual damage surveying where results from damage surveys completed in the field, are compared to omnidirectional images collected during the mission and interpreted by a virtual surveyor based in the UK, data collected through aerial images taken by UAVs and 3D models created from a series of drone or other images. Finally, we describe the potential of social media such as Twitter to collect data streams on damage and other impacts. Examples of impact data such as road closures, landslips and infrastructure service failures collected for flooding and landslide will be presented to show the potential of this technology for earthquakes. 1 School of Engineering, Newcastle University (email: firstname.lastname@example.com) 2 Dept of Civil, Environ &Geomatic Eng, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT 3 Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, 1-5 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX 11NCEE. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. How Can New technologies Help Us With Earthquake Reconnaissance? S Wilkinson, H Stone, D D'Ayala, E Verrucci, P James, T Rossetto E So and C Ellul


In the article the socio-cultural phenomenon of Great Britain of the XIX th-XX th centuries turn "new woman" is considered. Special attention is paid to the reconsideration of the Victorian conception of true femininity based on the idea of sexes complementarity and isolated spheres ideology, which are sharply criticized in discourse about new woman as artificial social constructs created by patriarchy society. The conclusion is made that new woman as a symbol of sex category destabilization and the elimination of strict borders between sexes that had existed before designated a gender crisis of the centuries turn.


......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... v List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... xi List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ xiv List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... xv Chapter


Box steel columns have significant advantages compared with H‐columns. However, box steel columns have the detrimental tendency of developing a plastic hinge at the column panel zone due to stress concentration. One of the methods for moving the concentration of the stresses at the column panel zone is to use a reduced beam. Nevertheless, a reduced beam decreases the capacity of the beam. This paper proposes a solution to the plastic hinge location without reducing the capacity of the beam. In this study, 106 connection configurations were numerically investigated using ABAQUS software. Two relevant experimental studies were used to validate the modeling techniques. The proposed joint was classified as semi‐rigid and full strength according to Eurocode‐3. To predict the cyclic behavior of the proposed connection, analytical simulation was performed using a Matlab program that uses the Richard and Abbot function. The program was able to accurately reproduce the connection behavior. Through parametric studies, the influence of plate thickness, column, and beam geometry on the connection's initial stiffness and moment resistance was examined. Finally, by using regression analysis, linear functions capable of predicting the initial stiffness and moment resistance of the connection were proposed.


We describe a novel parallel method for the patterning of proteins with nanoscale resolution. Combining nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and molecular assembly patterning by lift-off (MAPL), we produced streptavidin patterns with feature sizes in the order of 100 nm. A stamp is imprinted into a heated PMMA film followed by a dry etching step that converts the topography into a PMMA/Nb2O5 contrast. A biotin functionalized copolymer, poly(l-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol)-biotin (PLL-g-PEG/PEG-biotin), spontaneously adsorbs on the oxide surfaces. After PMMA lift-off, the background is backfilled with protein-resistant PLL-g-PEG. We show that streptavidin selectively adsorbs on the biotin areas and thus can be used as a universal platform for immobilization of biotin-tagged molecules. This novel process is a parallel patterning method that is fast, reproducible, and economic. The PEG-copolymer can be functionalized with a variety of bioactive groups and thus allows a great flexibility in terms of surface ch...


This paper presents a theoretical framework of advance demand through six propositions. The framework introduces the concept of acquisition and valuation risks and suggests that advance demand distribution is rooted in the trade-off between them. Furthermore, since advance buyers may not consume, firms may be able to re-sell relinquished capacity. The study then proposes how refunds could provide additional revenue to firms. The study further suggests theoretical reasons why and when service firms are able to practise revenue management, suggesting that RM tools such as overbooking and demand forecasting may not be the only tools for higher revenue.


Dynamic phenomena of an intrinsically discrete nature are frequently encountered in complex large-scale man-made systems. Developing efficient control strategies for systems of this kind has become very important. Synchronization of behaviours between many components of such a system can greatly affect the overall performance. The problem of optimal synchronization for a certain kind of discrete event dynamic systems is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MIP) problem. In preliminary computational experiments, the resulting MIP problems were found to be easily solvable.


We consider a stochastic acceleration mechanism of charged particles working at a pair of slow MHD shocks. The dominant acceleration occurs when a particle has a curvature drift at the shock front, which is parallel to the convection electric field. Since this acceleration mechanism works only on particles crossing the shock front, scattering agents in the upstream region are needed for the successive acceleration. The final energy spectrum, which is determined by the balance among the acceleration, deceleration, and escape processes, is softer than the power law. We suggest that this new acceleration mechanism in the reconnection region can provide the possibility to create high-energy particles in the magnetotail.


The women of Leweton have been performing Water Music for international audiences since the founding of the Leweton Cultural Village in 2008, and have been practising this tradition for as long as they remember. The women performers who feature in this film are Denilla Frazer, Melinda Frazer, Jerolyn Frazer, Beverley Frazer, Cecilia Tingris, Cicilia Wari, Marie Sur, Sonrin Sur, Trisha Sur, and Margaret Tingris.


Electric vehicles (EVs) with four individually controlled drivetrains are over-actuated systems, and therefore, the total wheel torque and yaw moment demands can be realized through an infinite number of feasible wheel torque combinations. Hence, an energy-efficient torque distribution among the four drivetrains is crucial for reducing the drivetrain power losses and extending driving range. In this paper, the optimal torque distribution is formulated as the solution of a parametric optimization problem, depending on the vehicle speed. An analytical solution is provided for the case of equal drivetrains, under the experimentally confirmed hypothesis that the drivetrain power losses are strictly monotonically increasing with the torque demand. The easily implementable and computationally fast wheel torque distribution algorithm is validated by simulations and experiments on an EV demonstrator, along driving cycles and cornering maneuvers. The results show considerable energy savings compared to alternative torque distribution strategies.


This study investigated the effect of learning Logo on middle-school students' understanding of specific mathematical concepts and on their level of cognitive development. Students in the Logo Group (n = 91) learned Logo for one hour a week for sixteen weeks as part of their regular mathematics curriculum. The Control Group (n = 90) did not participate in the Logo program but received the full allotted time for their regular mathematics curriculum. No significant differences were found between the two groups in their understanding of mathematics concepts or in their growth in cognitive development. However, among the students in the Logo Group, those who learned the most Logo gained significantly more than those who learned a minimal amount of Logo both in their understanding of the mathematics concepts and in their level of cognitive development. When the High Logo group was compared to the Control Group, and also to a matched subset of the Control Group, there were large differences in favor of the High Logo group, but the results were not significant. The findings of this study suggest that cognitive development, achievement in mathematics, and achievement in Logo programming all share a common factor and that students who do well in one area are also likely to do well in the other two areas.


In this paper a new FDM manufacturing process is presented, mixing different commercially available filaments to new composites. Polylactide (PLA) provides the basis as a carrier medium, which has been modified dust by copper, graphite, titanium oxide or iron. Thanks to a special manufacturing principle, these materials can be mixed together in any ratio to form a new type of composite. This makes it possible to create novel RF components. This paper discusses the principle of the manufacturing process, produces different composites with different mixing ratios, further processes these composites and determines the high-frequency properties in the Ku-band. An evaluation of the measurement results was carried out and the applicability of this method was checked. The evaluation showed a very good correspondence of this procedure and its applicability.


This study utilized a person-centered approach to explore senior high school EFL students' motivations and their learning outcomes. Cluster analysis extracted four second language (L2) motivational configurations among the 922 participants: 1) the High Motive group which is characterized by high amount of L2 motivation, 2) the Performance-focused group which is characterized by low intrinsic motivation and a focus on examination scores, 3) the Socioculture-focused group characterized by low intrinsic motivation but an interest in the L2 culture, 4) and the Low Motive group characterized by low motivation. It was found that a good quality group was absent from this particular EFL context. The High Motive group and the Performance-focused group outperformed the other two groups in terms of the L2 learning outcomes. Integrative motivation emerged from the person-centered approach. Contextual factors such as the economic situation and influence of Confucianism were discussed in relation to the results. Keywords: Second language learning motivation, Motivational configuration, English as a foreign language, Learning outcomes, Person-centered approach


Today, with the increase of objects and physical devices connected to the Internet and the creation of an intelligent environment, a new paradigm as the Internet of Things (IoT), has been introduced. In this paradigm, fog computing is used as an essential capability to increase IoT processing power. Due to the expansion of these nodes from the edge of the network to the cloud, and their ability to process data near objects, the service time for objects and physical devices can be reduced. In addition, the collaboration between fog nodes can lead to the use of idle resources and further reduce response time. On the other hand, this collaboration could lead to an increase in energy costs in all fog nodes. Therefore, in this paper, an optimization problem is introduced with the aim of the collaboration in fog nodes along with the cloud to make the balance between the average response time and energy cost. Then, the proposed problem is solved using the artificial bee colony optimization algorithm. The evaluation results show that the proposed solution has been able to significant effects on reducing the response time and energy cost and obtain the optimal value.


When her play Fair Liberty's Call was in rehearsal at the Stratford Festival in July of 1993 Sharon Pollock casually announced over a drink in a local bar that she had started her own theatre in Calgary, the Garry. The small venue, only 236 seats, is run like a cooperative, she explained, receiving no public or corporate subsidies and, she added with a nervous laugh, it might just bankrupt her. My first reaction was one of astonishment. Why, I wondered, would a senior Canadian artist, a multiple award-winning, internationally respected playwright choose to embark on such a breathtaking but stressful theatrical venture during dire economic times that saw some theatres in the country close and most in retrenchment? There was no question that the enterprise was gutsy, but was it also foolish?


Previous classifications of the western Sierra Nevada Foothills belt have been modified into five geologic packages: the Northern Sierra terrane, Feather River terrane, Calaveras Complex, Jura-Triassic arc belt, and Middle—Late Jurassic arc sequence. The Northern Sierra terrane comprises the Shoo Fly Complex and an overlying Paleozoic succession of arc volcanics. The Feather River terrane is predominantly serpentinized ultramafics containing tectonic blocks of amphibolite, plagiogranite, and mafic schists. The Permian-Late Triassic Calaveras Complex is a subduction mélange comprising psuedostratigraphic sequences of both chert and argillite with incorporated blocks of limestone, amphibolite, greenschist, phyllite, and basalt. The Red Ant schist is also included in this terrane even though it is of higher metamorphic grade. The Jura-Triassic arc belt consists of a Paleozoic basement of disrupted ophiolite, serpentinite mélange, and ultramafic rocks overlain by uppermost Triassic—Early Jurassic arc volcanics and coeval 200 Ma intrusive rocks. This belt may comprise several small terranes. The Middle—Late Jurassic arc sequence comprises 165-155 Ma volcanic arc rocks, greenstones, and metasedimentary rocks of the Mariposa Formation, and rocks of the Smartville Complex. Coeval intrusive rocks are included within this sequence because they are probably comagmatic with the arc volcanics. The Northern Sierra terrane and Feather River terrane are bounded by pre-Nevadan structures that may represent original sutures or subduction zones and have geologic histories that are relatively decoupled from adjacent rocks; they are therefore designated as terranes. The Calaveras Complex formed either adjacent to the Cordilleran margin as a result of east-dipping subduction, adjacent to arc rocks of the Jura-Triassic arc belt from west-dipping subduction, or a combination thereof. Therefore, the Calaveras Complex has a common geologic history with adjacent rocks and is not designated as a terrane. The Jura-Triassic arc belt comprises several ophiolitic microterranes, which may have been either exotic or fringing relative to North America, and are therefore grouped as a belt instead of individual terranes. The Middle-Late Jurassic arc sequence unconformably overlies rocks of the Jura-Triassic arc belt and is therefore a cover sequence instead of a separate terrane. The accretionary history of the Mesozoic Cordilleran margin is complex. After emplacement of the Northern Sierra terrane and Feather River terrane, the system was dominated by arc volcanism and accretion. The entire Sierra Nevada Foothills metamorphic belt was likely accreted to the margin by the Late Jurassic. The Sierra Nevada Foothills comprise units that appear to be correlative with those in the Klamath Mountains. Possible correlations are drawn between the Northern Sierra terrane and Eastern Klamath terrane, Calaveras Complex + Red Ant Schist and Stuart Fork + Eastern Hayfork terranes, Jura-Triassic arc belt and Rattlesnake Creek terrane, and Middle-Late Jurassic arc sequence and Western Hayfork terrane + coeval intrusives.


Azabicycloamine compounds and their salts of formula (I) are prepared. In the formula (I), R=H or amine protecting groups; R1,R2=H, lower alkyl, acyl, substituted (or unsubstituted) benzoyl, or naphtoyl, alkoxycarbonyl or substituted (or unsubstituted) benzyloxycarbonyl; n = 1-4. (I) are useful as intermediates in the preparation of antibacterial quinolone carboxylic acid derivatives, cephalosporin antibiotics and other drugs.


Based on the actual situation of a heating furnace,the influencing factors of exhaust gas heat loss were analyzed,the measures for reducing exhaust gas heat loss were introduced,and the effects of exhaust gas heat loss after reducing temperature,then the obvious results were achieved.


An optimised set of thermodynamic functions consistent with the phase diagram was derived for the Fe-Nb system from information on phase equilibria and thermodynamic data available in the literature. The thermodynamic properties of the intermediate e (Fe 2 Nb) phase were described using the sublattice model. A Redlich-Kister equation was used to describe the excess thermodynamic functions of the liquid, bcc and fcc phases. For the μ phase, the enthalpy of formation was estimated from Miedema's model. The interaction coefficients were evaluated using an optimisation procedure employing a conjugate gradient method. The phase diagram and the thermodynamic functions calculated from the evaluated parameters are in good agreement with experimental data


Multi-core microprocessor with multiple processor cores (105) are connected to a bridge member (110), wherein the bridge element sends transactions to the processor cores and / or which receives, each transaction including one or more packets and the transactions include an atomic transaction, represents an atomic instruction, said bridge member having a buffer unit (115) that stores a time stamp for each packet that is sent to the processor cores and / or received from them, and wherein the multi-core microprocessor determines a probability of an error in an atomic transaction based on the proximity in time between packets of the atomic transaction and packets of other transactions.


Near-threshold computing is gaining traction as an energy-efficient solution for power-constrained systems. This paper proposes a novel near-threshold chip multiprocessor design that uses non-volatile spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) technology to implement all on-chip caches. This technology has several advantages over SRAM that are particularly useful in near-threshold designs. Primarily, STT-RAM has very low leakage, saving a substantial fraction of the power consumed by near-threshold chips. In addition, the STT-RAM components run at a higher supply voltage to speed up write operations. This has the effect of making cache reads very fast to the point where L1 caches can be shared by several cores, improving performance. Overall, the proposed design saves 11–33% energy compared to an SRAM-based near-threshold system.


A strain Oxy2,that could effectively degrade oxytetracycline,was isolated from sewer sludge of pharmaceutical plant.The preliminary identification suggested that the strain belonged to Bacillus cereus.The strain could degrade oxytetracycline up to 200 mg/L.The efficient biodegradation of oxytetracycline occurred when the strain was cultured in the medium(pH 7.0) containing 50 mg/L oxytetracycline at 35 ℃.The degradation rate increased when an additional carbon or nitrogen source was added,especially when 5 g/L soluble starch or yeast extract was added.Treated with some metal ions,the strain showed the significant facilitation of oxytetracycline degradation by Zn2+,K+,Mn2+ and Fe3+ and the significant inhibition by Co3+,Pb2+ and Cr3+.


Nonlinear optical properties of some materials, which are of current interest, are reviewed. Emphasis is put on GaAs-A1GaAs multiple-quantum-wells, bulk GaAs and CdSxSi_x-doped glasses. The use of these materials for high-speed optical logic devices is described. Optical NOR-gate operation of a GaAs-AlGaAs etalon with picosecond switch-on and off times is high-lighted. Optical materials are attractive both for device applications as well as for the fundamental understanding of their optical properties. Optical characterization of nonlinear materials is a subject of extensive research efforts by several groups. Interaction of light with matter, especially at high excitation levels, and the subsequent many-body effects are of fundamental importance. The physics of high density exciton phenomena, dynamics of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in semiconductors are of particular interest. Generation of femtosecond laser pulses and application of short-pulse techniques allow direct measurements of these dynamical effects with incredible time-resolution. Optical nonlinear materials play an important role in optical devices.1,2,3 Optical signal processing and ultimately optical computing depend critically on nonlinear materials. Nonlinear optical devices need materials with rapid response times, large nonlinearity and room-temperature capability. Optical bistable devices and logic gates are essential for parallel processing, while guided wave devices are needed for serial applications.


During the past ten years, we have performed combined resections of the lung and the heart or a great vessel in eleven patients with advanced lung carcinoma. In four of the nine, cardiopulmonary bypass was used. Three underwent right pneumonectomy with partial resection of the left atrium; in one, the right atrium was resected partially because of carcinomatous invasion to the atrial septum. One underwent left lobectomy with partial resection of the aorta. A 71-year-old patient had a cardiac infarction during the operation and multiple brain infarctions after the operation. He died 57 days after surgery. Of the other three, two are alive and one died of brain metastasis 11 months after surgery. The clinical findings of the four patients are described, and the indications for cardiopulmonary bypass in extended operations for lung carcinoma are discussed.


A concept for determining the constituent densities of ozone, atomic oxygen, aerosols, and neutral density in the 20 to 1000 km region of the atmosphere from a satellite was developed. The concept includes the daytime measurement of solar scattering at the earth's limb in selected narrow spectral bands of the ultraviolet and visible regions, and the measurement of selected (dayglow) emissions. Nighttime measurements of the atmospheric extinction of stellar energy in selected bands are also considered as are simultaneous measurements of the 5577 airglow and molecular oxygen emission in the Herzberg band. Radiative-transfer models and recursive inversion algorithms are developed for the measurements, and the accuracy of the concept is assessed.


Abstract : Over the past decade, the United States has focused its military energy on the conduct of Stability Operations. The U.S. Department of Defense raised Stability Operations to the same level of importance as Offensive and Defensive Operations in 2005. The U.S. government has worked to integrate other national government agencies, as well as partner host nation agencies, into Stability Operations. Many cities in the United States suffer from threats that are similar to those faced in fragile states. These cities have been successful in deterring violence and achieving stability within violent neighborhoods. They used variations of the Broken Windows model of order maintenance. The Broken Windows model of order maintenance requires police foot patrols to pay attention to minor offenses and physical appearances of public property. The Broken Windows model attacks the perception of disorder. Utilizing an approach similar to the Broken Windows model in stability operations will decrease insurgent terrorist activity and increase a sense of connection to the government in transition. The outcomes of the Broken Windows model are the perception of security, a raised community maintenance standard, and a new definition of civility through self-policing. Applying a model of response in Stability Operations that draws on aspects of the Broken Windows model leads to sustainable development. The author will use vignettes from both in the United States and abroad to delineate the parallels between crime deterrence and Stability Operations. By using successful models of establishing order in urban regions in the United States, the U.S. government can better rationalize and institute Stability Operations abroad.


We present the application of metamaterials to the manipulation of the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation. There examples will be reported including asymmetric EM wave propagation, switchable dual band EM absorption, and polarization modulation, all of which are based on particularly designed metamaterial slabs with thickness much less than the wavelength. The examples demonstrate the significant ability of metamaterial for EM wave manipulation.


CVC4 is a solver for Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). This tutorial aims to give participants an overview of SMT, describe the main features of CVC4, and walk through in-depth examples using CVC4 to demonstrate how to solve real problems with an SMT solver. We will provide a detailed description of various aspects of CVC4's internals, including its architecture, its capacity for dealing with quantifiers, its finite model finder, and the linear arithmetic solver. We will show examples of software and hardware verification problems, and how they are encoded and handled by these features in CVC4. Participants are expected to have only a basic knowledge of what SMT is. This tutorial will give casual users a taste of encoding complex, real-world problems in SMT and effectively using CVC4 to solve them. Participants will be left with some knowledge of what goes on inside a modern SMT solver and some of the practical issues that arise in using them. CVC4, jointly developed at New York University and the University of Iowa, is freely available for both research and commercial use under an open-source license. The organizers of this tutorial are all architects and implementors of CVC4 and have extensive expertise in the area of SMT.


The development of IT technology and information communication networks activated to online financial transactions; the users were able to get a variety of financial services. However, unlike the positive effect that occurred on 7 July 2009 DDoS(Distribute Denial of Service) attacks, such as damaging to the user, which was caused negative effects. Authentication technology(OTP) is used to online financial transaction, which should be reviewed to safety with various points because the unpredictable attacks can bypass the authentication procedure such as phishing sites, which is occurred. Thus, this paper proposes mobile OTP(One Time Password) Mechanism, which is based on PKI to improve the safety of OTP authentication. The proposed Mechanism is operated based on PKI; the secret is transmitted safely through signatures and public key encryption of the user and the authentication server. The users do not input in the web site, but the generated OTP is directly transmitted to the authentication server. Therefore, it is improvement of the availability of the user and the resolved problem is exposed from the citibank phishing site(USA) in 2006.


Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) was grown in growth chambers set at 45 or 85% relative humidity at 300C, CO2 350 microliters per liter and 1000 micromoles per square meter per second of photosynthetically active radiation. Soil water potential was maintained at -0.05 megapascal by subirrigation with half strength Hoagland solution. The third, fourth, and fifth leaves from the base of 21and 25-day-old plants were used for pressure-volume measurements. Components of leaf water status including water potential (osmotic and potential associated with the apoplast), leaf water content (apoplasmic and symplasmic water), and elastic modulus of leaf tissue were determined. Results indicate: (a) persistent dry air generated leaves with lower water potential at a given relative water content than did humid air, (b) the higher total leaf water content in plants grown in dry air was related to an increase in apoplasmic water, whereas symplasmic water remained similar in both humidity treatments; (c) difference in leaf water potential between low and high humidity treatments was related to decreased potential associated with the apoplast but not to a change in cell wall elasticity. Leaf water potential frequently decreases with increasing transpiration induced by changes in humidity (5, 10, 11, 16). This relationship changes when the measurement is prolonged from short term to a few hours (1), a whole day (4), or a few weeks (6). In our previous work (unpublished data), Abutilon theophrasti grown in humid or dry air showed differences in water potential and changes in the relationship between leaf water content and water potential. Higher water content at a given leaf water potential and notably lower rates of desiccation from detached leaves occurred in plants grown in dry air. When these plants were subjected to soil water stress, a decrease in photosynthesis with declining water potential occurred more rapidly in plants grown in humid air than in dry air. These differences all seem to be related to the effects of long-term low and high humidity treatments on the plants. Similarly, Nagarajah and Schulze (6) found, under both well ' This study was supported by contract No. DE-FGO5-87ER60575 from the CO2 Research Office, Department of Energy, and by National Science Foundation grant No. BSR87-06429 for the Duke University Phytotron. 2 Present address: Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0421. watered and water-stressed conditions, a higher RWC3 in the leaves of Vigna unguilata grown in dry air compared with those in humid air. These changes in water relations observed by us and others could be caused by the changes in any of the components of leaf water potential. The increased relative water content could reflect changes in apoplasmic water or changes in symplasmic water. In this study, the pressure-volume approach (14) was used in an attempt to determine the reasons for the changes in water relations of plants developed in longterm exposure to high and low humidities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material and Treatments The study was carried out at the Duke University Phytotron. Seeds of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), a C3 dicotyledon and an important weed in crop field (12), were sown in plastic pots (6 cm diameter x 23 cm deep) filled with fine vermiculite on top of a layer of gravel. Pots with 5-d-old seedlings were transferred into a pan containing 4.5 dm3 of a modified half-strength Hoagland solution (3). The top of the solution just covered the bottom 1 cm of the fine vermiculite. Measurements of water potential in the pots demonstrated no effect of atmospheric humidity or transpiration rate on water potential of the vermiculite. The plants were grown under high (85%) or low (45%) relative humidity at 30C. All other conditions were the same for the humidity-treated plants: CO2 350 AL L-', 14 h light/10 h dark cycles, and thermoperiods of 30°C/24°C; a photosynthetic photon flux density (400-700 nm) of 1000 ,umol m-2 s-' being provided by a 1:1 combination of metal halide and high pressure sodium lamps.


The paper presents a single case study of how one Chinese firm operates in Dar es Salaam and how the firm's embeddedness and unique managerial style in the local context affect local benefits for Tanzanian employees. The results demonstrate the need to fill a gap in the knowledge about Chinese economic activities in Africa, particularly in relation to the cultural constructs present in manager-employee interactions. The findings paint a picture of a firm that intends to localize its business strategies and engage a local labour force, but similarly reveals the inherent cultural, behavioural and social norms of Chinese management, which may create organizational challenges and power differentials in the workplace.


Patients with COVID-19 may develop higher susceptibility to fungal co-infections. Mucormycosis is a rare and often life-threatening disease caused by vascular invasion by hyphae, leading to thrombosis and necrosis. Mucormycosis has been the cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant, ICU and immunodeficient individuals over a long period of time, but in India, a rapid increase in the number of cases seen in unexpected patients with Covid-19, which is a major concern. Covid-19 patients, already immunocompromised with underlying condition, had been exposed to severe Covid-19 infection and been using steroids, were at greater risk of developing mucormycosis. Out of ten cases reported by Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi India in December2020, five succumbed to mucormycosis. Another unique feature reported in mucor patients was age, most were elderly with ages between 45 to 60 years. The mortality rate is currently estimated at 50% in India. Symptoms such as nasal congestion, swelling of the eye or cheeks and dark brown crusts inside the nose should be reported immediately and anti-fungal treatment should be started.


The present study about pitfalls of impulse purchase has been carried out from customers' stand point of view. The study intends to educate and to create awareness among those class and category of customers who surreptitiously fall prey of lucrative packages and offers of products marketed and merchandised in super/hypermarket and malls. The present research intends to create awareness among customers who hardly give priority to the inherent worth and durability of goods and services provided by the dazzling and mind blowing slogans. There are certain class and category of buyers identified and located by the expert or analysts and managerial apparatus of impulse purchase - offer lucrative products and slogans in order to give boost and fulfill their sales target. Furthermore, the promises mentioned in products' features are just a violation of the basic agreement either partially: in quality or in other characteristics.


This author has the feeling from the books floating activity of "the trust,the dissemination and the share" as the subject in Hebei Polytechnic University,introduced the books floating' s origin and the library development books floating 's superiority and the significance,elaborated in the development books floating process exists the question,and pointed pro-posed some keys to the situation.


The aim of this article, is to analyze the effects of factors external and internal to the firms on innovation in Tunisia, and how these effects vary according some specificities of the firms, such as the opening of capital to foreign companies. The analysis is based on a sample of 543 manufacturing firms, taken from the Tunisian Survey of Technological Innovation conducted in 2005 by the Tunisian Ministry of Scientific Research, Technology and Skills Development. The results indicate that the firm?s technological competences, derived from in-house R&D and innovation efforts and cooperation are the main determinants of innovation performance of Tunisian firms. They also suggest that firms with high export intensity and significant foreign capital participation are found to be less innovating than partially exporting firms with low foreign capital share. The preliminary conclusion of our study is a set of recommendations to policy makers aiming at targeting new strategy vis-a-vis FDI considering their technological content and their impact on in house R&D, innovation and training system. JEL Codes: C25, O14, O31


A number of anomalies may occur in the genitourinary tract. Their early diagnosis and proper management may prevent irreversible damage which may shorten life in later years.


Ever since it was first described, the majority view has been that anorexia nervosa has a psychological cause. The biological aspects of the disorder have been largely regarded as secondary to chronic malnutrition, although Russell did suggest that they might induce a symptom perpetuating vicious circle1. On the other hand, there are at least 10 reports of patients who appeared to be suffering from classical anorexia nervosa but were later found to have cerebral tumours involving the hypothalamus2'3. The first convincing case was one of our early patients who died in hypoglycaemic coma and was found at autopsy to have a small hypothalamic astrocytoma4. The tumour was later shown to contain substantially more catecholamine-secreting neurones than the normal surrounding tissue. We are not suggesting for one moment that structural changes are present in every case of anorexia nervosa, but the fact that infiltrating tumours of the hypothalamus can mimic this condition does raise the possibility that it may be due to functional disturbances in this region of the brain.


Sea turtles are considered of increasing interest as potential bioindicatorsfor pollution in marine ecosystems. This chapter give an overview of the ecotoxicology of organic and inorganic pollutants in sea turtles. Firstly, and according to the literature, some generalities of these pollutants in sea turtle species are briefly described. Secondly, some biological factors that can influence the load of these pollutants in the tissues or eggs are considered. Thirdly, we give an overview of the occurrence of toxic pollutants effects, and finally we detail the current knowledge on the use of biomarkers that are available to assess the toxicological effects of chemicals in these marine reptiles.


One of the fundamental topics taught in the microeconomics class is minimizing economic costs. It includes understanding the concept of derivatives and applying them. However, most of the first-year undergraduate students find calculus difficult to understand, which also results in poor knowledge of optimization. We use the method based on the weighted inequality between the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean to explore if such a non-calculus approach can help students solve selected problems and understand the underlying concepts. The method is transparent and intuitive and requires only algebraic manipulations. Although this approach is generally not superior to calculus, it is a good introductory method that can help students understand and adopt more complex terms and procedures required by calculus.


This study, entitled "Surviving" Adolescence: Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic transformations in young adult fiction‖, analyses how discourses surrounding the apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic are represented in selected young adult fiction published between 1997 and 2009. The term ―apocalypse‖ is used by current theorists to refer to an uncovering or disclosure (most often a truth), and ―post-apocalypse‖ means to be after a disclosure, after a revelation, or after catastrophe. This study offers a double reading of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic discourses, and the dialectical tensions that are inherent in, and arise from, these discourses. Drawing on the current scholarship of children's and young adult literature this thesis uses post-structural theoretical perspectives to develop a framework and methodology for conducting a close textual analysis of exclusion, ‗un'differentiation, prophecy, and simulacra of death. The combined theoretical perspectives and methodology offer new contributions to young adult fiction scholarship. This thesis finds that rather than conceiving adolescence as the endurance of a passing phase of a young person's life, there is a new trend emerging in young adult fiction that treats adolescence as a space of transformation essential to the survival of the young adult, and his/her community.


The comparable experience of Korea and Germany since the 1950s as divided nations has attracted much mutual attention, and German unification has often been used as a yardstick for analysing the problems and implications of unification from the vantage point of the two Koreas. This brief paper focuses on a so far rather neglected aspect of this analogy: the external dimensions of unification, and specifically the relevance of multilateralism for embedding Korean unification within a stable regional order.


Objectives: This study sought to study how social media addiction and self-medicating behavior are related in adults in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: We utilized an online self-administered survey using multiple-choice questions, free-text comments, and a five-point Likert scale to evaluate self-medication behavior. We used the validated [Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS)] to evaluate social media addiction. Survey participation spanned from July 2021 to December 2021. Results: 692 participants responded to the online survey. Approximately 71.5% (n=495) of participants reported no self-medication practices. Vitamins were the most used among self-medicating participants (10.5%) followed by analgesics (8.5%). The SMAS scale mean was 41.7±8.76 indicating a moderate tendency to social media addiction with no difference between males and females. Social media addiction showed a weak but statistically significant correlation to self-medication r(692)= 0.036 p =0.035. Social media addiction was weakly and adversely correlated to age in a statistical significance correlation r(692)= -0.116 p =0.002. Conclusions: Saudi adults demonstrated moderate inclination towards social media addiction with positive correlation of social media addiction to self-medication and invers correlation to age.


The invention discloses a time-sharing measuring method and device of multipath single-pulse laser parameters. The device comprises a sampling light path, a delay light path, a beam shrinking and combining light path, a beam splitter and a detector. The method includes: the delay, larger than laser pulse, of to-be-measured light beams passing the sampling mirror is generated through the delay system, the light beams are subjected to shrinkage and combination through the combination mirror, the beam splitter splits the combined light beams, waveform and energy measurement are performed respectively, energy corresponding to each light beam is calculated according to total energy and waveform sequence, and parameter measuring of all light beams are completed. By the device and the method widely applicable, efficient and centralized measuring of multipath laser parameters can be achieved, and system errors caused by difference of performance parameters among different detecting elements and debugging states can be avoided.


The aim of this study was to establish the appropriate guidelines in the sedation techniques and to organize the continuing education programs for the sedation in future under the direction of Committee on Sedation, Education and Research under the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(KAPD). The surveys on the sedation technique were performed on 111 organizations which practices the sedation and responded to the survey via online and e-mail by February 2014. The collected survey were analyzed. The purpose of sedation was mainly to manage the children`s behavior and its uses were primarily on 3~4 years old children. The most frequent duration of treatment was 1~2 hours to treat both maxillary and mandible. The preferred dosages of sedative drugs were chloral hydrate(CH) 50~70 mg/kg, hydorxyzine(Hx) 1~2 mg/kg, and intramuscular midazolam(Mida IM) 0.1~0.2 mg/kg. The preferred combination of the sedative drugs were CH + Hx + (67.6%), CH + Hx + Mida submucosal administration (SM) + (29.7%), and Mida IM + (23.4%). The administration of additional sedatives was carried out at 48%, mainly using Midazolam. 87.5% of the respondents experienced the adverse effects of the sedation such as vomiting/retching, agitation during recovery, subclinical respiratory depression, staggering, and etc. Among them, only 20% periodically retrain the emergency management protocol. About the discharge criteria for patients after the sedation, the respondents either showed a lack of clear criteria or did not follow the recommended discharge criteria. 86% of the respondents expressed the interests in taking a course on the sedation and they wanted to learn mostly about the sedation-related emergency management, the safe dosage of the sedative drugs, and etc. The use of sedation in pediatric dentistry must be consider a patient`s safety as top priority and each dentist must show the evidence of sound practices for the prevention of any possible medical errors. Therefore, KAPD must establish the proper sedation guidelines and it needs to provide the systematic technical training program of sedation-related emergency management for pediatric dentists.


To understand epidemic condition of canine distemper in Zhengzhou,and to provide reference basis for the prevention of canine distemper.480 dogs serum samples from Zhengzhou were detected for the level of antibody against by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the result showed that the average positive rate was 16.04%,and the dog under 3 years old was 13.13%,the dog above 3 years old was 2.91%.The morbidity of the canine distemper was still high,the positive rate was the highest in the dog under 3 years old,so attention should be paid to canine distemper,and prevent the spread of canine distemper.


C. F., a man aged 43. Present condition.-There is a widespread, symmetrical, sheet-like alteration of of the skin of the trunk, thighs, axillary folds and arms. It is most marked on the abdomen and the inner aspect of the thighs, The patches, which are of irregular shape and mostly confluent, have a brownish-pink colour. There is very slight scaling. On the back there is a fine reticular arrangement, the meshes being white and the borders brownish-red. On the thighs the skin appears to be superficially crinkled into fine ridges and furrows: but when it is stretched it shows the same reticulate pattern as on the trunk. History.-Duration eighteen months. The condition is now stationary. It began in the groins and on the abdomen and has always been symmetrical. A biopsy was made from the right thigh but, as usual in this group of disorders, showed only slight changes, apart from thinning of the epidermis, and nothing of diagnostic importance.


This paper presents an analytic method of examining the out-of-plane vibration of continuous curved beam on periodical supports. The orthogonality of two distinct sets of mode shape functions is derived. The forced vibration of beam due to moving loads is examined. Two types of moving loads, which are concentrated load and uniformly distributed load, are considered. The response characteristics of beam induced by these loads are investigated as well.


Metabolic responses to experimental anoxia and subsequent recovery, and to exercise were investigated in two different muscular tissues of the ormer, Haliotis lamellosa. The tissues are employed for different tasks by the animal. The foot is mainly responsible for slow gliding movements. The shell adductor muscle pulls down the shell for protection and in righting an animal which has been dislodged from the rocks. Tissue-specific differences in anaerobic energy metabolism occur. During 6 h of experimental anoxia, energy for both muscles was provided by arginine phosphate and co-fermentation of glycogen and aspartate. Glycolysis in the shell adductor muscle led mainly to the formation of the novel end product tauropine; D-lactate production pre-dominated in the foot. This pattern is consistent with observed enzymatic profiles in the two muscles and with the equilibrium constants of the respective enzymes, tauropine and D-lactate dehydrogenase. Recovery from anaerobiosis was characterized by a rapid return ...


1. c. Although the risk of progression was reduced by 50% with LPI, less than 5% of subjects in both groups progressed. 2. d. Both (a) and (c). 3. d. All of the above 4. a. True. 5. d. Both (a) and (c) 6. a. Male sex.


In the present study, the problem of cooling a solid disc by way of placing inserts with high thermal conductivity was examined analytically and numerically within the platform of Constructal Theory. The work was accomplished using a fixed amount of a highly conductive material distributed in the form of incomplete inserts from the center (sink). Using Constructal Theory, the magnitudes of the heat resistances in the radial and the branching configurations were calculated analytically. Additionally, to validate the analytical solution, a numerical solution with the Finite Element Method was employed. The one-to-one comparison between the two distinct results reveals a good agreement. In the present case, the length of the inserts was different from the disc radius viz. a new degree of freedom was considered and the solution was remarkably different from the case involving a complete insert. The heat resistance was minimized with respect to the aspect ratio in order to determine the optimal number of inserts as well as the disc radius. It was demonstrated that within in a certain range of parameters, the heat conduction performance of incomplete inserts in the solid disc surpasses the heat conduction performance of standard complete inserts.


Although intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy is technically difficult, with recent improvements in surgery it should be possible to perform the anastomosis safely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of anastomotic leak after intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy and to identify risk factors for such leakage.


This paper analyzes water damage causes of asphalt concrete pavement form aspects of internal asphalt concrete pavement structure characteristic and external stress conditions,and puts forward corresponding preventive measures at design phase,construction phase and management phase,so as to guide practice.


Graphene has attracted great attention and interest from global scientists. The fabrication methods and applications of three-dimensional graphene are under initial stage, thus, this review aims to describe the different synthetic processes for preparation three-dimensional graphene architectures and their merits and demerits; Moreover, the different fields of application such as adsorption, capacitive deionization, microbial fuel cells, supercapacitor and hydrogen storage are also reviewed; Finally, suggestions for further research are presented in the end of the paper.


Provided are a method of reproducing content using a universal plug and play (UPnP) device which has a plurality of reproduction regions. According to the method, information regarding reproduction regions is obtained using newly defined actions before a control point calls an action ''Play()'' Then, a reproduction region for a piece of content is designated according to a user's input. Accordingly, the user can simultaneously enjoy a plurality of pieces of content in desired reproduction regions on a screen of a UPnP device.


The explants were obtained from the shoot end of the sugarcane in harvesting season. It was found that the rate of plantlet formation was raised when the shoot end was kept more than 3 days after harvesting. The formation of the plantlet was through the classic model leaf primordial surrounding the apical meristem. The adventitious root differentiating from the calli had no plantlet grew from the base and knot of the plantlet. The whole plantlet was formed only through once transplanting.


Ultrathin films of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(x\ensuremath{\cong}0.33)$ in a thickness range below $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ were deposited by direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering on different substrates, $(001)\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (STO), $(001)\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (LAO), and $(110)\mathrm{Nd}\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (NGO) in order to study the effects of strain in this thickness regime. The combined study of physical properties and microstructure by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) reveals that ultrathin $(\ensuremath{\lesssim}6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ strained films on STO can be grown in a body-centered-tetragonal structure not recognized previously. Such films do not show an insulator-metal (IM) transition. At slightly larger thickness, around $6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, the microstructure is different. Depending on the growth parameters we find either a structure involving $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$-octahedra tilted around two axes, in combination with the occurrence of twin boundaries as reported previously; or the bulk orthorhombic $Pnma$ structure. In the latter case an IM transition is found at temperatures close to the bulk value. On lattice-matched NGO, the IM transition and bulk-like magnetoresistance effects are observed down to the lowest thickness investigated $(3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$. On LAO, which compresses the lattice, no IM transition is found even at a thickness of $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, which is due to island-like growth, as confirmed by HREM observations.


This paper presents the fabrication and test of a constant delivery thermopneumatic micropump made of PDMS without any moving part. The driving force of the liquid discharge is the pneumatic pressure of heated air and the suction of liquid is accomplished by the surface tension. The proposed micropump consists of an inlet, an outlet, a pump chamber, two air chambers, two air discharge channels and two air suction channels. The air chambers have electric heaters on the Pyrex glass substrate. Each air chamber is connected the pump chamber through two different air channels which behaves like check valves. The micropump is fabricated through the spincoating process, the lithograph process, the PDMS molding process and etc. The total dimension of the micropump is 11.7 × 8.8 × 0.7 mm3 . The discharge volume of the fabricated micropump was measured for various backward pressures ranging from 0 to 20 cmH2 O. The micropump discharges 116 nanoliters in 4 seconds for zero discharge pressure when the input voltage is 3.5 V. As the discharge pressure increases, the discharge volume decreases gradually. The discharge volume deviation is less than 15 percent for the discharge pressure range between 5 and 15 cmH2 O. This proposed micropump is feasible for disposable transdermal drug delivery systems.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Model driven design and development of real-time embedded systems has been gaining a lot of attention in the recent past. It is imperative for a hard real-time embedded system to execute and respond to sequenced exchanges of messages under critical temporal constraints. The UML provides artifacts such as communication diagrams, sequence diagrams and timing diagrams to aid software engineers to model and precisely document such a schedule of interactions or state changes at the design level. While modeling at the design level is interesting on one hand, it is also significant to understand the run time behavior of the embedded software. A step forward in this direction is to provide a real-time representation of the target system behavior on the host side. We propose an approach to realize a target debugger on the host side with a monitor solution in the target side. With the back annotated information from the target, a visual representation of the system behavior in real-time is now available at the design level. This way, a debugging solution in real-time is provided, thus taking a step forward towards understanding the behavior of the embedded software at hand. We illustrate our proposed approach with a prototype and examples.


This paper presents the solution method for economic load dispatch (ELD) problem of thermal plants using Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The proposed optimization strategy can deal with economic load dispatch problems including subject to constraints, for example, transmission power losses, load balance and generation limits. The possibility of the proposed method is implemented for 3 units and 6 units systems, and is compared against Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) strategies as far as the result quality and computational time. Compared with the other existing techniques, the presented solution method has been discovered to perform well in both test cases. Conceiving the superiority of the results obtained, this FPAtechnique seems to be a promising alternative solution method for resolving the ELD problems in electrical power systems.


In his essay 'Processing Processing', the New York-based writer and designer Paul Ford declares his passion for 'languages like Processing – computer languages which compile not to executable code, but to aesthetic objects, whether pictures, songs, demos, or websites'.1 Most designers, musicians and moviemakers are used to working with visual tools that imitate the eye-tohand coordination of working with physical tools, but the computer languages that Paul Ford extols (Processing for interaction, CSound for music and sound, TeX and LaTex for typographically consistent documents, POV-RAY for 3D, and so on) require that the artist work on the more abstract level of code, typing out letters that, when interpreted by the computer, will yield their visual or aural results. In the contemporary world of art as concept, this is simultaneously a time-honoured practice (that of the artists' concepts being executed by craftspeople) and a strange harking back to the practice of art as craft. Code is one of the fundamental media of interactive works (the other one being hardware), and artists and designers writing their own code are immersing themselves in their own work in a much more intimate manner than those who have to use programmers and engineers as intermediaries. Thus it is not strange that designers are at the forefront of the practice of writing their own damn code, with 'high' artists bringing up the rear at a slower pace. The interest in this hacking of the artistic process by writing code is literally written on the wall, as art and design schools all over the world are offering courses teaching programming as a tool for exploring and conveying meaning. And practitioners are certainly using the tools for expression afforded by programming. In the 2005 edition of Barcelona's Online Flash Film Festival, a design conference centred on motion graphics and online design was taken over by designers and artists who use code as their medium. Amit Pitaru presented his 3D drawing tools and the Sonic Wire Sculptor installation based on them. Jared Tarbell gave a mini-seminar on the algorithmic techniques he uses for his work. The clever buggers from Soda


of master's thesis Author Tero Tiitu Title of thesis Finnish Teamwork in World-Class Team Sports and What It Might Imply for Interdependent Workplace Teams Master's programme Information Networks Thesis supervisor Professor Esa Saarinen Major or Minor/Code SCI3047 Information Networks Department Industrial Engineering and Management Thesis advisor(s) Professor Eila Järvenpää Date 27.11.2017 Number of pages 118 Language English


The paper puts forward the view that the construction of university faculty team shall take into account the double qualification quality and discusses the basic requirements and training approaches for such teachers based on the related experience at home and abroad.


Background Injury risk in professional football is increased in the weeks following return-to-play (RTP). However, the time course of injury risk after RTP (the hazard curve) as well as its influencing factors are largely unknown. This knowledge gap, which is arguably due to the volatility of instantaneous risk when calculated for short time intervals, impedes on informed RTP decision-making and post-RTP player management. Objectives To characterize the hazard curve for non-contact, time-loss injuries after RTP in male professional football and investigate the influence of the severity of the index injury and playing position. Methods Media-based injury records from the first German football league were collected over four seasons as previously published. Time-to-event analysis was employed for non-contact, time-loss injury after RTP. The Kaplan-Meier survival function was used to calculate the cumulative hazard function, from which the continuous hazard function was retrieved by derivation. Results 1623 observed and 1520 censored events from 646 players were analyzed. The overall shape of the hazard curve was compatible with an exponential decline of injury risk, from an approximately two-fold level shortly after RTP towards baseline, with a half-time of about four weeks. Interestingly, the peak of the hazard curve was slightly delayed for moderate and more clearly for severe index injuries. Conclusions The time course of injury risk after RTP (the hazard curve) can be characterized based on the Kaplan-Meier model. The shape of the hazard curve and its influencing factors are of practical as well as methodological relevance and warrant further investigation.


Abstract Over the years a plethora of factors have been associated with sustainable tourism in the literature, but little has been done to prioritize those that are most important to stakeholders in destinations. In particular, this research aimed to identify factors perceived as essential for sustainable nature-based tourism operating in transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa. A Delphi consultation was conducted in which 518 southern African experts from government, academia, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and consultancies were invited to contribute. Participants rated the relative importance of 502 policy, planning, economic, environmental and social factors drawn from the literature, and additional factors suggested by regional consultees. A statistically significant level of consensus was achieved on 159 multidisciplinary factors considered to be 'essential' or 'incompatible' with sustainable nature-based tourism in TFCAs. The implications for the assessment of sustainable nature-based tourism in southern African TFCAs are discussed, with a review of how they relate to tourism in the Great Limpopo TFCA: a transboundary protected area that incorporates protected areas in Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe.


Abstract : This report provides a partial summary of work accomplished in four diverse areas associated with optical materials and optical signal processing. Chapter 1 describes experimental techniques used for the evaluation of a substrate (polycrystalline indium phosphide) which is used in optical signal processing devices. The effect of various crystal growth procedures on the semiconducting properties of indium phosphide is summarized. Chapter 2 describes attempts to experimentally isolate the origin of the photorefractive effect in the important photorefractive material, bismuth silicon dioxide. Chapter 3 describes an optical technique for unidirectional light, switching. Originator-supplied keywords: Infrared devices; Electrooptic substrates; Optical signal processing; Data acquisition; Calculators; and Optical equipment.


In this paper the air temperature of different depth of soil compared with that of soil in Gurbantunggut Desert and oasis in the south different distance of it.The analysis results indicate that the ascending and descending speed of ground temperature and air temperature of desert are greater than that of oasis and the variable extent of it is greater than that of oasis.With the combined action of partial circumfluence and urban heat island,the increasing extent of temperature of Shihottze is greater than that of deserts between 10:00 and 12:00,but the special character of underlying surface and geographical condition of desert still make the temperature of the desert be higher than that of oasiss and the desert become the ecological area which influences the climate and growth of agricultural crops in the oasis which makes it obtain more advantageous heat sources than that in the same latitude.It is found that the limit temperature in different agricultural areas every spring gradually comes ahead of time,which is advantageous to season of sowing,phenological period,growth and ecological characters of crops.


A platinum electrode controls the stereochemistry of the anodic mixed 1,4-addition of cyano- and methoxy-groups to 2,5-dimethylfuran; the isomer ratio of the products varies significantly with the type of aromatic additive as well as the initial concentration of the substrate, the cis:trans ratio changing from 2·89:1 to 1·46:1.


An oxazolidone auxiliary-controlled asymmetric Nazarov reaction has been applied to the synthesis of the cyclopentyl-fused pyrrole core of roseophilins. Additionally, a concise synthetic route to the pyrrole-furan biaryl fragment required in the synthesis of the recently isolated dechlororoseophilin is described. It is anticipated that these two syntheses can be combined in future efforts to provide efficient, convergent access to (+)-dechlororoseophilin.


Irrigation plays an important role in the present agriculture scenario. It is a major source which helps millions of rural poor in the world to earn their livelihood. Unplanned and unscientific use of both water and soil resources have led to severe deterioration. As a result of this, a greater threat is being posed to social, economic and political stability of many developing countries including India. Introduction of large scale irrigation, excess use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, deforestation and over grazing, leads to accelerated soil degradation. In view of this, Sangamner area of Ahmednagar district, India is selected to study the impact of irrigation on the chemistry of soils. The soil samples were collected from 62 locations covering the entire study area. The samples were analyzed for PH, EC, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl , HCO3 , and SO4 2from saturation extract. The exchangable cations like Na + , K + , Ca


Color map of Texas, New Mexico and Indian Territory circa 1890. Includes insets of the Environs of Chicago and the Environs of New Orleans.


Two herds, each of 19 Friesian cows, were run on separate farmlets in north-western Tasmania. One herd (NW) grazed pasture only, and was estimated to be receiving 75% of potential intake, while the second herd (W) received 3.0 kg coarsely hammermilled wheat per cow, daily for 42 days during early lactation in addition to pasture. Although the feeding of wheat increased total feed intake, there was no significant difference between the groups in either daily milk yield (21.5 v. 21.8 L cow-1), milk fat yield (1.1 v. 1.09 kg cow-1), liveweight change (0.05 v. -0.2 kg cow-l) and herbage intake (12.0 v. 12.0 kg DM cow-1 day-1) of cows or of pre- (1.77 v. 1.8 t DM ha-1) and post- (1.31 v. 1.32 t DM ha-1) grazing mass, on farmlets NW and W respectively. We conclude that the feeding of wheat did not increase milk production or improve liveweight change under the conditions of this experiment.


I. Introduction Privacy is one of the most concerned issues in cloud computing. Personal data like financial transaction records and electronic health records are extremely sensitive although that can be analyzed and mined by organization. Data privacy issues need to be addressed urgently before data sets are shared on cloud. Data anonymization refers to as hiding sensitive data for owners of data records. Large-scale data sets are generalized using two phase top-down specialization for data anonymization. This process split into two phases. At first mapreduce is applied to the topdown specialization (TDS) and deliberately design a group of innovative mapreduce jobs to accomplish the specialization in high scalable fashion. In second one againthe two-phase top-down specialization is applied to multiple data partition to improve scalability and privacy. II. Generalization Approach Data set D contain r number of data records. Each data records have m number of attributes. This attributes are arranged in taxonomy tree structure. The attribute in the taxonomy tree is denoted as TT. Quasi-identifiers QID representing group of anonymous records.


Molecular cluster is a nanoparticle that is defined as an agglomerate of few up to 106-7 of molecules (corresponding to 1- 100 nm in size) that can be manipulated by the cluster beams. Molecular cluster properties typically lie between the individual molecule and bulk matter properties.
This work describes the employment of the Cold Aerodynamic Source (CAS) to produce a narrow, collimated and isolated beam of molecular clusters in gas phase and to prepare it for the spectroscopic studies. CAS was constructed in the University of Gothenburg in Sweden by Sasa Vuckovic as part of his PhD thesis to produce different types of cluster beams.
CAS consists of an aggregation chamber, an aerodynamic lens system and an expansion chamber. The presence of helium carrier gas, which is mixed with the gas of the anthracene (C14H10) (produced by resistive heating of the solid anthracene) at low operating pressure that reaches 10 mbar, induces the anthracene molecules to bind together through lowering their internal energy as well as preventing them from sticking to the walls of the source and producing different sizes of anthracene clusters. The 10 mbar inlet pressure for the gas mixture (anthracene clusters - helium) enters the aerodynamic lens system (ALS) consisting of five thin orifices allowing specific sizes of anthracene clusters (C14H10)n to focus near the symmetry axis of the device. A highly collimated beam of anthracene clusters for a spectroscopic study was prepared through expanding the gas mixture through the nozzle into an evacuated chamber. The helium gas was skimmed from the beam by a skimmer, which is located at 5mm apart from the nozzle. The simulation software "FLUENT 6.2.22" has been utilized to examine the ALS performance and showed that particles with sizes below 30 nm could be focused.
Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been used in this work to characterize the beam through identifying the beam components according to their times of the flight which were absolutely proportional to the square root of their mass-to-charge ratio.


This article focuses on Geoff Dyer's 1997 pseudo-memoir Out of Sheer Rage: Wrestling with D.H. Lawrence as a telling illustration of an interpretive model that critic Valentine Cunningham has called "touching reading" and that shows how reading, memory, and reflection serve to resituate Lawrence within the framework of literary and critical history, on the one hand, and Dyer's private history, on the other. As he retraces Lawrence's steps, reads his letters, and rereads some of his works, Dyer fleshes out both an endearing portrait of Lawrence and an amusing, slightly deprecating, self-portrait, while also bringing a sophisticated, critical awareness to Lawrence's imaginative productions. Part memoir, part novel, part biographical criticism, Out of Sheer Rage makes literature and theory tangible for readers by sensitizing them to the actual experience they are living through.


Detailed investigation of plastic deformation behavior plays an important role in improving the safety and reliability of metals. Deformation behavior has been computationally investigated using the finite element method (FEM)1–3) and, more recently, digital image correlation (DIC).4–11) The latter is an innovative noncontact optical technique to measure the strain and displacement in metals. In some previous studies, DIC has been applied to strain distribution analysis in dual-phase (DP) steel consisting of a soft-ferrite matrix and hard martensite as the secondary phase.4–6) For instance, Nakada et al.4) investigated the strain distribution in DP steel using DIC. They suggested that a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and DIC can be used to evaluate a heterogeneous strain distribution. Yan et al.5) also pointed out the utility of combining these two methods to study damage nucleation in DP steel. In the case of hard vanadium carbide particle dispersion ferritic steel, DIC analysis for tensile-deformed speciStrain Distribution Analysis of Two Perpendicular Planes in SUS310S Austenitic Stainless Steel Using Digital Image Correlation


We report transmission electron microscopy studies of native extended defects in pseudomorphic ZnSe/GaAs (001) and lattice-matched ZnSe-In0.04Ga0.96As (001) heterostructures. The dominant defects present in the layers were identified as Shockley stacking fault pairs lying on (111) and fault planes and single Frank stacking faults lying on or fault planes by comparing experimental images with the predictions obtained with the g.b = 0 rule as well as with simulated images.


The N-doped carbon material supported Fe catalysts were developed for the oxidation of C-H bond of hydrocarbons to ketones and alcohols. The supported Fe catalysts were prepared by pyrolysis of [CMIM]3Fe(CN)6 ionic liquid in activated carbon. And the Fe(Ⅲ)@CN-600 showed good activity and high selectivity for the oxidation of alfa C-H bond of alkylbenzenes. The isolated Fe(Ⅲ) iron active sites should be responsible for the high activity and selectivity for the oxidation of hydrocarbons to ketones. Several ketones were obtained in good to excellent yields. Moreover, cyclohexanone can also be obtained through the oxidation of cyclohexane.


Oral cavity of a child is not an easy area to treat. Constraints of cheek, lip and tongue and the presence of saliva along with limited mouth opening pose challenges to visualize, gain access and manipulate instruments and materials in the oral cavity. The position of teeth in relation to gingival tissues which bleeds profusely if improperly managed complicates the problem. Gingival management and displacement is of utmost importance for obtaining accurate impression for fabrication of prosthesis with adequate marginal fit and emergence profile1. Methods of gingival retraction can be broadly classified into surgical and non-surgical. Amongst all methods "mechanical-chemical method" is most popular in clinical practice. This clinical method has some limitations. To overcome these limitations, a Pedo friendly method named "Blotting Roll Method" has been developed. It is a modified form of mechanical-chemical method. Here blotting paper rolls are used for gingival retraction and placed over tooth preparation, which on removal results in a dry and clean sulcus.


To support the incremental bandwidth demand there is need of developing an architecture which is flexible enough to provide wide range of bandwidth. The power consumption of optical access network is low as compared to other technologies. Still it is very important to further reduce the power consumption of optical access network to prevent the global warming. This paper makes the use of next generation passive optical network (NG-PON) and proposed an architecture whose functionality supports pay-as-you-grow, adaptive link rate, resilience and power saving at optical line terminal (OLT). The described architecture is also compatible with the legacy PON. The time and wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) architecture supporting 40-Gigabits passive optical network (PON) for business, residential, mobile backhaul and various other applications have been considered.


Abstract The introduced mollusciphagic black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus poses a significant threat to native mollusks in temperate waters throughout the northern hemisphere, but consumption rates necessary to estimate the magnitude of impact on mollusks have not been established. We measured food consumption and growth rates for small (77–245 g) and large (466–1,071 g) triploid black carp held individually under laboratory conditions at 20, 25, and 30°C. Daily consumption rates (g food · g wet weight fish−1·d−1·100) of black carp that received prepared feed increased with temperature (small black carp 1.39–1.71; large black carp 1.28–2.10), but temperature-related increases in specific growth rate (100[ln(final weight) - ln(initial weight)]/number of days) only occurred for the large black carp (small black carp −0.02 to 0.19; large black carp 0.16–0.65). Neither daily consumption rates (5.90–6.28) nor specific growth rates (0.05–0.24) differed among temperatures for small black carp fed live snails. The...


Objective In order to explore the correlations between spiritual belief of vocational college students and their mental health.Methods 770 vocational college students were investigated with the questionnaire of the Spiritual Belief and SCL-90.Results The research showed:(1) pragmatistic belief had a positive effect on inter-personal sensibility,coercion;(2)money worship had a positive effect on inter-personal sensibility,coercion,melancholy and anxiety.Conclusion There exists a certain correlation between spiritual belief of vocational college students and their mental health.


Products of polyamine oxidation down‐regulate IL‐2 production by peripheral blood T cells. We show here that the production of IL‐2 by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid mononuclear cells is inversely correlated with the concentrations of polyamines in these cells. In addition, the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis or oxidation in cultures of these cells enhances their ability to produce IL‐2. Our findings suggest that polyamine oxidation plays an important role in the suppression of T cell function characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids.


Daesoon philosophy has been described as a quintessential Korean philosophy. Given the great difference between traditional Western and East Asian ways of thinking, how can such a quintessential Korean philosophy be explained to people who have no background in traditional East Asian thought? After all, the Daeson Jinrihoe way of approaching such core problems as how to make this world a better place is not only very different from the way the West has traditionally approached such problems, Daesoon Jinrihoe uses terminology which most Westerners are not very familiar with. Translation into Western languages such as English helps, but a conceptual gap remains because of the differences in the way key Daesoon Jinrihoe terms are understood in the West. As a first step toward overcoming that gap, I discuss three key teachings of Daesoon philosophy and how their translations into English need to be amplified so that people in the West who are not well versed in East Asian philosophy can gain a more accurate understanding of what those terms and phrases mean in their original language. The three items discussed here are the tenet "virtuous concordance of yin and yang," the Essential Attitude of sincerity, and the precept "do not deceive yourself."


Bt cotton has witnessed the increasing infestation of sucking pests especially whitefly during last one decade. During 2015, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Ishii) emerged as a serious pest in North India destroyed 2/3 of the cotton crop in Punjab. There was an urgent need to validate integrated pest management (IPM) strategy for management of whitefly in Bt cotton in hot spot area with farmer's participatory mode. To overcome the problem, ICAR-NCIPM initiated a trial on validation of IPM in cotton at Fazilka, Punjab in 2.5 ha during 2016, which was extended to 12 ha and 40 ha area in the year 2017 and 2018 respectively. The validated IPM strategy included timely sowing of recommended cotton hybrid, removal of weed as alternate host, proper plant nutrition along with foliar spray of 2% potassium nitrate, use of neem based pesticides, conservation of natural enemies by avoidance of insecticides which are harmful to natural enemies, and judicious use of safer pesticides. IPM implementation resulted in successful management of whitefly and other pests with significant increase in population of natural enemies predators along with significant reduction in the number of insecticides spray (>68%) and amount of active ingredients (>84%) in IPM fields as compared to FP (Farmer's practice) fields. IPM implementation also brought > 18% increase in yield, > 17% reduction in input cost and >90% increase in net profit compared to FP. The benefit-cost ratio in IPM was 2.55 against 1.88 in FP.


Objective : Scoliosis in cerebral palsy can seriously disturb the patient's daily life. To help alleviate this we developed a new original orthosis and named it the Dynamic Spinal Brace (DSB). In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the DSB in daily life with patients and caregivers. Methods : We studied 222 cerebral palsy patients treated with the DSB. We carried out a questionnaire survey of the caregivers and measured X-ray results of the scoliosis deformities. Results: In the questionnaire, more than 80% of the patients improved in their sitting position and posture and more than 50% of the patients improved in the transfer or ambulation assistance and meal assistance requirement by the caregivers. Higher age (over 18 years old) revealed improved muscle tonus. Breathing and muscle tonus showed improvement as scoliosis was advanced. Conclusion : DSB for scoliosis in cerebral palsy showed effectiveness in the sitting position, posture, transfer or ambulation assistance and meal assistance. DSB is also effective for muscle tonus in patients after growth maturity and breathing and muscle tonus in patients with severe scoliosis. ( Jpn J Rehabil Med 2015;52:251.255 ) 要 旨 目的:脳性麻痺患者における脊柱側弯変形は日常生活動作に著しい障害をもたら す.我々は独自に開発した動的脊柱装具(Dynamic Spinal Brace:DSB)を用いた脊柱側弯変 形に対する治療の有効性を患者,介護者の状況の変化において検討した.方法:DSB治療中 の脳性麻痺患者 222人を対象に,介護者へのアンケート調査および側弯変形のX線計測を行っ た.結果:アンケートでは日常生活動作において座位・姿勢で 80%以上,介助(移乗,移動)・ 食事のしやすさは 50%以上で改善を認めた.筋緊張は年齢が 18歳以上の患者において改善を 認めた.呼吸・筋緊張は側弯が高度なほど改善を認めた.結論:脳性麻痺患者の脊柱側弯変形 に対する DSB治療は患者,介護者の座位・姿勢,介助や食事のしやすさの改善において有効 性を認めた.また成長期以降の筋緊張や高度な側弯変形を有する患者の呼吸や筋緊張に対して も有効であると考えられた.


Abstract Semiotics can be defined as the study of what can err, thus generalizing Umberto Eco's definition. Introducing the fourth section on the Tartu School of semiotics for Chinese Semiotic Studies, the focus is put on the recent developments and the current state at the center of semiotics in Tartu.


Simpler syntax is a new trend in the field of generative grammar.By contrasting simpler syntax with mainstream generative grammar,this paper points out that they are different in minimalism,grammatical architecture and the syntax-semantics interface.Syntax-semantics interface study of simpler syntax combines linguistics,cognitive science and psychology together and represents the study trend of generative grammar.


ture. From time to time he reviewed accomplishments in the field and used the material as a starting point for strengthening and enriching existing programs. His suggestions as we see them in his field reports and his correspondence were practical and concrete next steps related to the community and equally to the long view. It was a creative experience for him and for the councils that turned to him for help. He was interested in structure and activities only as they served the idea. "Until better ways are shown the central council idea will be used largely though not exclusively." ~ The central council was merely the instrument through which "the march of social reform goes on with the charitable agencies of the city more and more fulfilling their whole function as umpires of the social struggle, making right estimation of causes and tendencies, providing the fair chance to the dependent and defenseless by intelligent, co-ordinated family treatment and by educating the public toward the need of social legislation and regeneration." G


Bintang Diva Veda L. R0314012. 2017. CONTINUOUS MIDWIFERY CARE ON MRS. K AGED 19 YEARS OLD IN THE WORK AREA OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER OF JAYENGAN, SURAKARTA. Final Project: The Study Program of Diploma III in Midwifery Science, the Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University Scope: Continuous midwifery care aims at gaining benefits and reducing possible-yet-preventable complications by implementing itself from gestation, maternal delivery, newborn, and parturition to family planning. Implementation: The continuous midwifery care was extended to Mrs. K with the gestational age of 42+2 weeks. Her maternal delivery was done through C-section with the indication of placenta insufficiency. The parturition and the newborn were normal. A counseling of contraceptive selection was given to Mrs. K. Evaluation: The continuous midwifery care was extended to Mrs. K within the authority of the midwives. The gestation was normal.The maternal delivery was done through C-section with the help of obstetrician and gynecologist. The parturition and the newborn care went on normally. Mrs. K took IUD contraception. A theory gap was found, namely: exclusive breastfeeding was not performed. Conclusion and Recommendation: No problems were found in the implementation of continuous midwifery care from gestation, parturition, newborn and family planning. Mrs. K and her infant were in normal state. Health institutions and health staffs are expected to facilitate exclusive breastfeeding.


The food habits of the spotted hyaena were studied during the dry season in relation to food availability in the Niokolo Koba National Park, Senegal. Frequency of occurrence of the different foods was quantified by means of scat analysis; species occurrence in the diet was compared with availability in the study area. Large and medium-sized mammals, such as the buffalo, the hartebeest and the warthog, were eaten more often than expected.


Abstract : Gun propulsion modeling has been undergoing development for many decades. Because of the great strides in recent development, one has been able to estimate in-bore pressure-time history at a fairly accurate level. However, some underlying assumptions among the models exhibit certain level of uncertainties, such as the time-varying friction between the obturator and bore surface, the granular shape variations of propelling charges, the packaging deviations of each propellant load, etc. These factors explain the fact that the recorded pressure levels differ from one gun shot to another with the same gun and projectile system in many experimental tests. Thus, this report considered the variations of the factors as a whole and investigated in-bore responses of the Extended Area Protection and Survivability projectile, subject to the inherent randomness of propulsion forces. The results provide a better understanding of the projectile behavior during proposed circumstances.


A frequent demand for noise suppression in digital hearing aids is speech enhancement in noisy multi-talker conditions. Whereas multi-microphone array-processing techniques employing a stationary or slowly varying directivity yield an improvement in intelligibility, binaural noise suppression algorithms using the two signals recorded at the left and right ears have not yet been shown to yield significant benefit in complex acoustical environments. We therefore explore the approach to integrate principles of auditory scene analysis in speech enhancement algorithms. From psychoacoustics it is known that common onsets, common amplitude modulation and sound source direction are among the important cues used for source separation by the human auditory system. However it is largely unknown how the 'binding' of different cues may work. A possible approach to tackle the binding problem is proposed in this paper. A new algorithm is presented, which performs statistical estimation of different sources by a state-space approach, which integrates temporal and frequency-specific features of speech. It is based on a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) scheme and tracks magnitude spectra and direction on a frame-by-frame basis using binaural signals. This is achieved by integrating empirically measured high-dimensional statistics of speech and directional information from head-related transfer functions. Results for estimating sound source direction of a moving voice and spectral envelopes of two voices are shown. The results indicate that the algorithm is able to localize two superimposed sound sources and separate their spectral envelope on-line with adaption times of about 50 ms, which is much faster than typical blind source separation algorithms.


Internship becomes a way to grow human resource capabilities in terms of competencies on knowledge or practical and soft skills. Higher education institutions like universities as the organizers of an internship program certainly have some roles to produce capable, intelligent and professional workforce. Therefore, it is undeniable that a good internship program in university is an important stage in the development of quality human resources. Our research aims to uncover the description of the system of organizing internships at university level, in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the program's objectives in preparation for students to enter the workforce life. In this research, we also specifically portrayed the management of internships at the best ex-LPTK (Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan) universities in Indonesia, as the institutions whose mission is to produce graduates as teaching staff/academics along with practitioners. We use mixed-method to earn our data from lecturers, superintendents and staffs of internship programs as well as the students at ex-LPTK universities. Overall, the internship programs at these universities have been managed with the orientation on the interests of students, have adopted the use of technology, and are evaluated routinely based on feedback from internal and external parties of the university. The lack of internship and the organization of the mentoring system conducted by the lecturers become the major deficiencies in organizing internships at the universities. These can be used as a basis to put on efforts to improve the internship system at the university level, especially in Indonesia. Keywords—educational system, human resource, internship program, workforce


In this report the authors describe progress in evaluating the feasibility of a novel concept for producing intense pulses of 14 MeV neutrons using the DT fusion reaction. In this new scheme the heating of the DT is accomplished using fission fragments rather than ion beams as in conventional magnet fusion schemes or lasers in ICF schemes. This has the great advantage that there is no need for any large auxiliary power source. The scheme does require large magnetic fields, but generating these fields, e.g. with superconducting magnets, requires only a modest power source. As a source of fission fragments they propose using a dusty reactor concept introduced some time ago by one of us (RC). The version of the dusty reactor that they propose using for our neutron source would operate as a thermal neutron reactor and use highly enriched uranium in the form of micron sized pellets of UC. Our scheme for using the fission fragments to produce intense pulses of 14 MeV neutrons is based on the fission fragment rocket idea. In the fission fragment rocket scheme it was contemplated that the fission fragments produced in a low density reactor core would then be guided out ofmore » the reactor by large magnetic fields. A simple version of this idea would be to use the fission fragments escaping from one side of a tandem magnet mirror to heat DT gas confined in the adjacent magnetic trap.« less


Although mind perception is a basic part of social interaction, people often dehumanize others by denying them mental states. Many theories suggest that dehumanization happens in order to facilitate aggression or account for past immorality. We suggest a novel motivation for dehumanization: to avoid affective costs. We show that dehumanization of stigmatized targets (e.g., drug addicts) relative to nonstigmatized targets is strongest for those who are motivated to avoid emotional exhaustion. In Experiment 1, participants anticipated more exhaustion from helping, and attributed less mind to, a stigmatized target and anticipated exhaustion partially mediated the influence of stigma on mind attribution. Experiment 2 manipulated anticipated exhaustion prior to an empathy plea and revealed that the influence of stigma on mind attribution was only present when people anticipated high levels of emotional exhaustion.


Introduction: preceded by a near-injury occurrence or near miss. Near miss is an incidence that potentially causes loss, which is triggered by direct factors, namely unsafe action, unsafe conditions, and basic factors, such as workers and works. Workers as a basic factor comprise their knowledge and attitudes towards Occupational Safety and Health-related to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Methods: This research is descriptive research that aims to identify the strength of the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes toward Occupational Safety and Health-related to PPE toward near miss in the Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya. Results: Indicated that the majority of the workers experienced a low-level of near-miss Conclusion: communication between units and the provision of PPE are the factors that cause near-miss incidence in the company.


dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by recurrent nodules, abscesses and sinus tract formation.1-3 It usually starts as a simple folliculitis with occlusion of follicular openings mainly on the scalp vertex or nape, generally followed by perifollicular pustules and painful firm or fluctuant nodules releasing a purulent discharge, either spontaneously or after a gentle pressure.

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