This research was a research and development which aimed at developing a learning media based multimedia using adobe flash CS6 applied in Lampung alphabetics material in Elementary school level. This research development consisted of seven stages: (1) indentification of the problem; (2) data collection; (3) product design; (4) design validation; (5) revision; (6) product try out; (7) product revision. This learning media has been validated by those who are expert in the related material and the one who is expert in design and media. Refering to the expert of material and the expert of design and media, it is found that the learning media met the appropriateness standard with grade "very satiesfying" meaning that the media is recommended to be implemented as a learning media at school. The try out was conducted throughout pretest and posttest given to the 1 class of SDN 4 Tanjung Aman consisting of 28 students in order to measure the students' score before and after the teaching and learning process using this learning media. The data analysis used was normality, homogeneity, and t-test analysis. The result of independent t-test shows that the significant value (0,00) is less than the value of   (0,05). Therefore, it reveals that the use of learning media based multimedia using Adobe flash CS6 is appropriate to be used in teaching Lampung alphabetics material.


Objective: To investigate a method of biopsy in preimplantation genetic diagnosis with mice. Methods: Single blastomere from pre-embryo at 4 or 8-cell stage was sampled by mechanical, chemical and laser biopsy. The further development of these biopsied embryos was observed.Results: There were no significant differences in the blastocyst rate and the hatching rate between the mechanical,chemical or laser biopsied group and control. Significant difference was found in the blastocyst rate of the 8-cell biopsied embryos and no significant difference was found the hatching rate of the 8-cell biopsied embryos between mechanical biopsied group and chemical biopsied group or between mechanical biopsied group and laser biopsied group. No significant difference was found in the blastocyst rate and the hatching rate of the 4-cell biopsied embryos between mechanical biopsied group and chemical biopsied group or between mechanical biopsied group and laser biopsied group. No significant difference was found in the blastocyst rate and the hatching rate of the biopsied embryos between chemical biopsied group and laser biopsied group. Conclusions: Mechanical and chemical microbiopsy of pre-embryos with 4- or 8-cells did not affect their further development.


Amit Kumar (  email@example.com ) ABV Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management: Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Anil Kumar Rajput ABV Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management: Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Manisha Pattanaik ABV Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management: Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Pankaj Srivastava ABV Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management: Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management


Objective To summarize the experiences in perioperative management of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The preoperative preparation, intraoperative management, and the prevention and management of postoperative myasthenic crisis in 243 patients undergoing thymectomy for MG in our department from 1978 to May 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Pulmonary complications were found in 15 cases (6.2% including pulmonary infection in 6 cases, atelectasis in 5 cases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in 4 cases), postoperative myasthenia crisis in 44 cases (18.1%), and postoperative death in 3 patients (1.2%). Conclusion Effective perioperative management and prevention and management of postoperative myasthenia crisis may be the key factor in ensuring operative safety and reducing mortality rate.


PART I: THE BEGINNING STUDENT. 1. The Elementary-Age Student. 2. The Pre-School Student. 3. The Adult Student. PART II: THE INTERMEDIATE STUDENT. 4. Teaching the Intermediate Student. 5. Repertoire. 6. Technique and Musicianship. 7. The Transfer Student. PART III: THE ADVANCED STUDENT. 8. Teaching the Advanced Student. 9. Repertoire. 10. Technique and Practicing. PART IV: THE PROFESSIONAL KEYBOARD TEACHER. 11. Career Choices. 12. Teaching as a Business. 13. Independent Teaching. 14. Teaching with Technology. PART V: THE WELL-INFORMED KEYBOARD TEACHER. 15. About Learning and Teaching. 16. Putting Theory into Practice. PART VI: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF KEYBOARD PEDAGOGY. 17. Influences on Pedagogy. 18. From Diruta to C.P.E. Bach. 19. From Turk to Deppe. 20. Liszt and Leschetizky. 21. Breithaupt and Matthay. 22. Ortmann and Schultz. 23. Other 20th Century Pedagogy. 24. American Piano Methods. 25. Great Pianists of Today. Bibliography. Index.


Through an analysis of the hardware modeling and software technology in the interactive voice service module of the unified library information system, and according to the characteristics of the computer communication integration technology , the interactive voice response system in the application of the library service and management in particularly, Here propose a new methodology in the system architecture and im- plementation for the creative voice module integrated in the unified library information system. The unified information system with the built-in voice response service module is surely a new application development in the modernized library information integration technology. The designing of the module mainly consists of the CTI voice automation control, SQL structured statement, Koodoo and etc. The purpose of the effort is to help the users to use the telephone, cell phone and the internet terminals for a variety of business process by an interactive dialogue. Finally, it proves the feasibility of the voice response module in implementation of the application.


We have designed and built a residual gas analyzer which is sensitive to N2, He, A, Ne, and other molecules which have energetic metastable states. The presence of these gases is revealed by measuring the time of flight of metastable, electrically neutral molecules between a pulsed electron gun and an Auger surface detector. When used as a residual gas analyzer, the present instrument can detect partial pressures of 10−7 Torr or greater; when used as a leak detector with helium tracer gas, the instrument can detect leak rates of 10−5 Torr liters/sec or larger. The sensitivity of the present instrument can be markedly improved with obvious refinements. The metastable time-of-flight analyzer will operate in a 10−4 Torr environment and it has other advantages which may make it a valuable complement to the more conventional methods of leak detection and residual gas analysis.


Abstract : A primitive equation spectral model using spherical harmonics is formulated to study interactions between the troposphere and stratosphere in association with sudden stratospheric warmings. In order to follow vertical wave propagation so important to this process, the model consists of 31 levels with 5 in the troposphere and the other 26 in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Using sigma coordinates for the former and log-pressure coordinates for the latter, separate equations for each system are combined to form a single matrix governing equations. The gradual introduction of planetry scale topography to an initially balanced state representative of observed mean winter conditions in the Northern Hemisphere is used to force changes in the initial field during 40 day time integrations. Utilizing the same initial tropospheric conditions, three cases were run. The first case started with a weak polar night jet in the stratosphere and mesosphere. The second case had a much stronger polar vortex. For the third case, a lid was placed on the troposphere and no interaction was allowed with the atmosphere at higher levels. Results of these integrations indicate that realistic stratospheric warmings can be simulated by simple orographic forcing.


In digital signal processing, the sampling theorem states that any real valued function ƒ can be reconstructed from a sequence of values of ƒ that are discretely sampled with a frequency at least twice as high as the maximum frequency of the spectrum of ƒ. This theorem can also be applied to functions over finite domain. Then, the range of frequencies of ƒ can be expressed in more detail by using a bounded set instead of the maximum frequency. A function whose range of frequencies is confined to a bounded set is referred to as bandlimited function. And a sampling theorem for bandlimited functions over Boolean domain has been obtained. Here, it is important to obtain a sampling theorem for bandlimited functions not only over Boolean domain (GF(q)n domain) but also over GF(q)n domain, where q is a prime power and GF(q) is Galois field of order q. For example, in experimental designs, although the model can be expressed as a linear combination of the Fourier basis functions and the levels of each factor can be represented by GF(q)n, the number of levels often take a value greater than two. However, the sampling theorem for bandlimited functions over GF(q)n domain has not been obtained. On the other hand, the sampling points are closely related to the codewords of a linear code. However, the relation between the parity check matrix of a linear code and any distinct error vectors has not been obtained, although it is necessary for understanding the meaning of the sampling theorem for bandlimited functions. In this paper, we generalize the sampling theorem for bandlimited functions over Boolean domain to a sampling theorem for bandlimited functions over GF(q)n domain. We also present a theorem for the relation between the parity check matrix of a linear code and any distinct error vectors. Lastly, we clarify the relation between the sampling theorem for functions over GF(q)n domain and linear codes.


In recent years, the willow ( Salix safsaf ), is widely distributed along the River Nile in Egypt, leaves used as a traditional medicine. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the healthy drinks from dried willow leaves, as well as, its water extracts, as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents as well as protection from thrombosis. The leaves of willow were dried with three methods; oven, sun and vacuum drying. The methanolic extract of vacuum drying leaves gave the highest concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The resultant of different dried Willow leaves (Salix safsaf) was evaluated for their proximate composition (on dry weight basis), Besides, DPPH, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid. Results of the proximate analysis revealed that the moisture content recorded 5.95 ,5.48 ,7.26% in oven, sun and vacuum drying, respectively, whoever ash and fibers were 0.42& 1.22, 0.34& 1.5, 2.04 and 2.23% in oven, sun and vacuum drying, respectively. Chlorophyll a and b contents were 3.12&12.64, 1.52 &5.88 and 3.42& 14.19 in samples dried by oven, sun and vacuum drying, respectively.


The interference by sodium chloride with the atomization of manganese in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) has been investigated using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). The ETV-ICP-MS technique allows direct observation of the signals of manganese along with matrix components during both the pyrolysis and the atomization step of ETAAS, and thereby allows differentiation between the manganese loss from the furnace during pyrolysis and the loss due to formation of molecular species during atomization. The mechanism of interference by sodium chloride is independent of the pyrolysis temperature. The loss of manganese does not occur during pyrolysis, but is due to vapour-phase interference caused by the formation of manganese chloride during atomization. The addition of ascorbic acid, as a chemical modifier, removes the interference by sodium chloride at all pyrolysis temperatures investigated (450–1100 °C). In ETV-ICP-MS, when the sample of manganese contains only the sodium chloride matrix, the chloride appearance time coincides with that of the manganese suggesting a gas-phase interference mechanism. The addition of ascorbic acid promotes an early release of chloride during the atomization cycle. The chloride appearance temperature is approximately 250 °C lower than that of the manganese (≈1200 °C). In ETAAS this difference in the two temperatures reduces the amount of residual chloride left in the graphite furnace at the manganese appearance time, thereby eliminating the interference of sodium chloride with manganese.


The present invention relates to a method for producing low-alcohol or alcohol-free raw juice fermented alcoholic beverage by utilizing pervaporation-rectification coupling process. Said method is characterized by including the following steps: (1), utilizing pervaporation membrane component to make dealcoholization separation of raw liquor; (2), utilizing rectification tower to make fine separation of raw liquor; and (3), adding distilled water and making final modification so as to obtain low-alcohol or alcohol-free raw juice fermented alcoholic beverage with good flavour and taste.


The purpose of the article is to analyze M. Buraček's winter landscapes from the collection of the Zaporizhzhia Art Museum: "Winter" (1917), "Apple Trees in Winter. Dziunkiv"(1922), "Branches in the Hoarfrost"(1924) and to substantiate the reflections associated with the Young Polish Japonisme mastered by the Ukrainian artist while studying at the Krakow Academy of Arts. Methodology. In order to solve the problem set in the publication, the following methods were used: comparative – in connection with clarifying the analogies between the landscapes of M. Buraček of 1917–1924 and the plots of Polish artists of the 1900s; hermeneutic - to understand the connection between the traditions of ukiyo-e Japanese woodblock prints and particularities of the Polish improvisations of early XX century. The scientific novelty of the publication consists in the fact that the works of M. Buraček proposed for consideration are analyzed for the first time in the context of the problem of assimilation of Young Polish Japonisme among Ukrainian students of the Krakow Academy of Arts. Conclusions. It was found that the landscape plots of kachō-ga, inspired by the Polish artistic background, had been adapted in the works of M. Buraček during the period: 1917–1924. The then strivings of the below Krakiw pioneers from Young Poland's artistic environment contributed to the renewal of M. Buraček's thematic repertoire: W. Weiss, J. Voinarski, K. Gomolaks, T. Richter, F. Ruszczyc, T. F. Simon, J. Stanislawski, W. Tadeusz, J. Tchaikovsky. The study of the landscape repertoire of M. Buraček during 1917–1924, which had been formed during his studies at the Krakow Academy of Arts, results in confirming the Krakiw Japonisme reflections traced in his works attributable to the first quarter of XX century.


For the first time we have revealed and characterized the uniform in essence social and physical phenomenon «man -water interrelationship» and its substantial feature, which exists and is manifested objectively, independently from the condition of consciousness. It has been confirmed by the results of the experimental researches. The obtained knowledge opens ways and good prospective of further studying of the interrelationships of man, water and its physical, chemical and biological compounds from atomic-molecular level up to the systemic, organic and integral organism. The interrelationship of man and water is an organic completely physical and public phenomenon, it is formed, manifested and developed throughout life as the uniform integral qualitatively specific phenomenon of reality, which does not depend on the condition of consciousness. It is determined by the initial activity of interrelations between the water-containing female and male parental cells of man. The substantial feature of interrelationships of man and water with its physical, chemical and biological compounds to provide for the integral unification of man and water in the course of fertilization, germination, formation and life of humans. It is manifested by means of realization, in the systems and organs of man, of the magneto-hydrodynamic flow of liquid media at all functional and morphological levels of its self-maintenance: from the atomic -molecular and systemic-organic to complete uniform physical and social. It is determined by the occurrence of volumetric forces of electromagnetic nature, by transformation of mechanical current of liquid media of an organism into electric power and, on the contrary, transformation of electric power of systems and bodies into mechanical energy of current of liquid media. Logarithmic dependence of interrelationships of man and water, with natural age decrease, has been revealed: for men: y =-21,4×ln(x)+99,13; R2=0,9736; for women: y=-25,6×ln(x)+102,18; R2=0,9287, where х age of the man, y value of the ratio between weight of water concerning weight of a body (in %), R2 value of approximation reliability.


This chapter introduces a letter written in Rome in the 490s CE by an African pope, Gelasius I. This papal letter is addressed to a Roman augustus at the imperial court in Constantinople. And in this letter, there is a world-historical idea. Gelasius formulates a claim without which the political history of Rome—and thus, of Europe (and many of its former colonies)—cannot be reconstructed. And this form of words could not be simpler. For, this African pope merely writes in Latin: duo sunt. This means in English: "there are two". If roughly a century of historiography can be trusted, the history of empire is altered by this late antique pope's cool insistence that "there are two". How could such a minimal claim ignite centuries of legal reflection and political contestation in Europe? This chapter begins to answer that question.


Abstract We present gross and histologic evidence of coinfection in amphibians by fungal-like parasites of the order Dermocystida (Amphibiocystidium sp.) and the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The condition was observed in frogs Hypsiboas pulchellus (Hylidae) from Uruguay in 2009 to 2012. This report is the first of dermocystids in Neotropical amphibians since 1940.


Habitat selection is driven by many factors, but no one location is likely to be best for all factors; thus, individuals are subject to trade-offs when selecting habitat. Caves provide a clear example of such trade-offs because these habitats are energy deprived. Cave salamanders ( Eurycea lucifuga ) commonly inhabit caves at least in part because this habitat is cool and wet. We tested the hypothesis that caves also provide cave salamanders with a reduction in predation risk. We used clay models to test for differences in predation risk in caves vs. forests and at low (e.g., ground) vs. elevated (e.g., cave wall) positions, and recorded locations of cave salamanders to assess vertical (i.e., wall) vs. non-vertical (e.g., ground) substrate selection in a cave. Overall, a mean of 3.2 models in caves were damaged and a mean of 8.2 were damaged in forests. Cave salamanders selected vertical substrate more often than non-vertical substrate (χ2=794.53, p<0.001), and in caves, low-positioned models were more likely to be damaged than models on walls, although there was no effect of model height in forests. This study suggests that caves provide salamanders a refuge from increased predation pressure, a benefit that likely compensates for the costs of moving between caves and the richer foraging grounds outside them.


Introduction: Covid 19 pandemic has been a sudden jolt to mankind. Lockdown following it has caused major changes in everyday life. It has affected physical activity, psychological makeup and has brought everyone to a 'new normal' lifestyle.
Hence this study was attempted to find out the impact of lock down on physical activity and psychological status during lock down.
Aim: To assess the impact of covid-19 lockdown period on physical activity and psychological status in individuals with various age groups.
Materials and methods: Data collection was carried out using google forms. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data.
Results: During lockdown, working hours were reduced for 66.66% individuals. Physical activity was increased for around 33.33% individuals whereas was increased in 43.57% individuals and remained same for rest of the individuals. Considering psychological status there was an increase of more than 10-20% in number of individuals who had increase in frequency of emotions who had developed increased level of feeling guilty, sad or irritable.
Conclusion: Lockdown had a major impact on psychological status of individuals whereas less severe impact on physical activity of individuals.


A study was conducted in 2012/13 cropping seasons across two locations (Adet in N/adet district and Axum in L/Maychew district) to determine the appropriate population density for transplanting Tef. Field experiment was conducted during the 2012 and 2013-cropping season from (June to December) to address the question whether or not the population for transplanting determines the yielding components of for Tef. The trial consisted of seven treatments and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. All agronomic data were collected and the difference was analyzed by Gene stat (16 th edition). At Adet and Axum, the transplanted treatments had shorter maturity days, highest plant height, highest panicle length, more number of tillers per tuber and less lodging index percentages.  In addition to this, the transplanted treatments T5 (20cm*10cm spacing) and T6 (20cm*15cm spacing) scored the highest grain yield (3086 Kg/ha and 3076 Kg/ha respectively).  These treatments also scored the highest biomass yield (9593 Kg/ha and 9685 Kg/ha respectively). Hence based on these results, for transplanting Tef seedlings a row spacing of 20cm and plant spacing of 10cm-15cm is recommended for better Tef grain and biomass yield and for improved grain quality of the crop. Keywords: Tef, transplanting, broadcasting, row planting, grain yield, biomass yield


Increasing evidence points to the epigenetic regulation of transcriptional activity as a general mechanism controlling host response to pathogen infection. Recent results revealed that cucumber plants infected with Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) showed alterations in the DNA methylation pattern of usually silenced rRNA genes that are consequently transcriptionally reactivated during infection. These results indicated that, at least in cucumber, HSVd pathogenesis could be associated with disruptions in the transcriptional mechanisms regulated by epigenetic modifications of host DNA. To determine if this disorder in host regulatory activity could be a common phenomenon that occurs in other viroid–host combinations, here, the transcriptional activity in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana constitutively expressing HSVd (HSVd/Nb) was analysed. It was observed that the HSVd RNA accumulation in N. benthamiana mimics the alteration induced by viroid infection in cucumber, promoting the accumulation of ribosomal-derived small RNAs (rb-sRNAs). Bisulphite sequencing demonstrated that this phenomenon was linked to a loss of symmetric cytosine methylation and correlated with an increasing accumulation of rRNA precursors in HSVd/Nb plants. The data supports the hypothesis that the interference of this pathogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in epigenetic mechanisms (associated to rDNA methylation) controlling plant gene expression is not restricted to a specific host. Thus, this phenomenon may be more general and able to occur in other viroid–plant interactions.


Examining the ways in which materials are deposited in Early Neolithic pits – be they artefacts, animal or human remains – still poses interpretational difficulties even for the modern theorist. Working through the detail of the Coneybury 'Anomaly' in Wiltshire, this paper focuses specifically upon the character of the depositional practice evident at this site within the Earlier Neolithic (c. 3850 cal. BC), and attempts to define how we might comprehend the pit as a form of totemic practice. Acts of feasting, like the one evident at the 'Anomaly' would have shaped the ways people conceptualised certain animals, with symbolic significance of particular species changing through time. Especially during the Earlier Neolithic, cattle began to predominate in the structures' contexts, with certain species such as deer being underrepresented, perhaps because they were not domesticated. Alternatively wild species such as deer may have been subject to formal taboo.

To fully contextualise my argument, I will be using analogies from the many religions of Amazonia and neighbouring regions of South America, who may be classed as totemic or perspectivist. For many of these people deer are proscribed, considered scared, used in shamanic performances and appear in an anthropomorphised form. Can we work these concepts through the Neolithic material? This paper will consider the effects of possible ideological behaviour at the Coneybury 'Anomaly' – especially in relation to the patterns of wild deer deposition. In this, I aim to identify some of the potential archaeological correlates of Neolithic taboos, and through this begin to offer possible ways of understanding the missing link – why were deer not domesticated?


The novel heterocyclic pyrimidopyrazolopyrimidine system was synthesised through cyclisation of 4-hydrazinyl-2,6-bis(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile with acetylacetone in high yield. Also, two other tetracyclic systems were synthesised through cyclisation of 4-hydrazinyl-6,8-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine with triethyl orthoformate and sodium nitrite to obtain the pyrimidopyrazolotriazolo pyrimidine and pyrimidopyrazolotetrazolopyrimidine respectively.


Recent years, with smartphones and other pervasive devices the paradigm of situation-recognition extended to IoT devices in home. Since IoT devices produce data that can help predict accidents or disasters in private or public environments. In IoT devices provided situation, machine learning technologies can help make an insight to what's really meaningful according to service provider's purpose. So, in order to understand several kinds of user's situation within an environment with IoT devices, a novel human activity recognition scheme is required to manage lots of data for guaranteeing accurate situation in real-time. As the accuracy of analyzing result and the response time of informing a situational corresponding to users are important factors on providing services, we present a human activity recognition-aware framework using multi-modal sensors connected with IoT devices and consumer devices in home.


Contents: Introduction. Part I: Social Psychological and Developmental Foundations. Theoretical Foundations for the Study of Intergenerational Communication. Intergenerational Contexts and Contact. Social Cognitive Contributions: Intergenerational Attitudes and Stereotypes. Language, Cognition, and Age. Intergenerational Language Strategies: Underaccommodation. Intergenerational Language Strategies: Overaccommodation. Generational Identity and Age Identity. Part II: Intergenerational Relationship Communication. Adult Child-Elderly Parent Relationship. The Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship. Sandwiched Communication. Intergenerational Relationships Beyond the Family. Part III: Macrosocietal Perspectives. Intergenerational Conflict. Societal, Political, Public Policy Issues, and Intergenerational Communication. Cultural Perspectives on Intergenerational Communication. Epilogue.


With the application of life cycle idea and the theory of circular economy,the significance of implementing cleaner production and the theory of economic instruments for environmental protection are elucidated.Aiming at some obstacles to popularize cleaner production(CP) in China,the driving mechanism of economic instruments to implement CP in enterprises is discussed by analyzing the application of economic instruments in OECD and in China.It is considered that the market-based incentive and benefit inducement functions of economic instruments would effectively impel the enterprises to implement CP.


When transacting and interacting through open computer networks, traditional methods used in the physical world for establishing trust can no longer be used. Creating virtual network substitutes with which people, organisations and software agents can derive trust in other parties requires computerised analysis of the underlying trust networks. This article describes an approach to trust network analysis using subjective logic (TNA-SL), that consists of the three following elements. Firstly it uses a concise notation with which trust transitivity and parallel combination of trust paths can be expressed. Secondly it defines a method for simplifying complex trust networks so that they can be expressed in this concise form. Finally it allows trust measures to be expressed as beliefs, so that derived trust can be automatically and securely computed with subjective logic. We compare our approach with trust derivation algorithms that are based on normalisation such as PageRank and EigenTrust. We also provide a numerical example to illustrates how TNA-SL can be applied.


The development of modern methods and technologies requires the creation of light and simple forms of the human-machine interface. In this regard, computational linguistics plays an important role, especially synthesizers that generate speech signals from the text. This paper discusses the process of organizing primary text processing for the Uzbek speech synthesizer. Some tasks are performed to group the existing elements of the text and prepare them for dubbing. The types of syllables in the Uzbek language are studied, the issues of dividing words into syllables are considered.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the isoenzyme activity in soybean seeds with different lignin contents subjected to harvest delay with artificial incidence of rainfall before and after storage. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates and a 5 × 3 × 2 factorial design, being five soybean cultivars, three harvest seasons (R8, R8 + one pre-harvest rainfall simulation, and R8 + two pre-harvest rainfall simulations), and two storage seasons (0 and 180 days). The pre-harvest rainfall simulations were performed through irrigation at the intensity of 30 mm of water until the pods were soaked and then collected after reached 18% water content. Seeds were evaluated regarding chemical composition (lignin content), physiological quality (germination, accelerated aging), and enzymatic activity (catalase, esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitratelyase). The cultivar AS 7307 RR showed higher lignin content in the integument and higher physiological quality. The harvest delay and the artificial incidence of rainfallpromotesvariation in the electrophoretic pattern of the enzymes catalase, esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase, and isocitratelyase for stored and non-stored seeds.


ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by a potent pro-inflammatory response and concomitant anti-inflammatory response leading to a state of immunosuppression. Decreased HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen)-DR expression on monocytes is a reliable cellular marker of immune suppression. The main objective of this study was to investigate the clinical value of the percentage of peripheral blood CD14+ HLA-DR+ monocytes (mHLA-DR) for diagnosis and assessment of severity, development of organ failures (OF), local complications (LC), and infected necrosis (IN), and outcome in patients with AP. Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of peripheral blood mHLA-DR at different time points in 82 patients with AP enrolled during the period of 2012–2018 admitted to University Hospital Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. The percentages of peripheral blood mHLA-DR in AP patients were significantly associated with severity, development of LC, OF, IN (measured at admission, on the 48th hour and on the 5th day) and with outcome (measured on the 5th day) of AP. The value of peripheral blood mHLA-DR may be used as a biological marker in the diagnosis and assessment of severity, development of OF, LC, IN and to predict outcome in AP.


The paper has described a medical sensitive membrane, which is based on Silicotungstic acid as active material, Chitosan took the place of traditional PVC as membranous material. The sensor has good response for Ephedrine Hydrochloride.The sensor exhibits Nernst response for ephedrine hydrochloride with a slop of 58 3 mV/decade over the concentration ranges of 5 0×10 -5 ~1 0×10 -2 mol·L -1 at pH 3 5~8 0. The method has been used for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in table, The results obtained with the pharmacopoeia method.


With the Structured Developing Method for the management information system,a logistics management system suitable for the small medium-sized enterprise is designed.It has the functions of purchase management,sale management and inventory management,which can meet the needs of logistics management for this kind of enterprise.


Origanum vulgare L. sustainable cultivation should be promoted in order to reduce genetic erosion risk caused by harvest in nature. The main goal of this study was to respond to the request of a farmer from Elvas region, focusing on the assessment of the adaptation to cultivation of six accessions, three spontaneous in Alto Alentejo (OV1, OV2, OV3) and three commercial (OVT1, OVT2, OVT3). Plant propagation was carried out from stem cuttings for the three spontaneous accessions and from seed for the three commercial accessions. Using material from OV2, a stem cutting vegetative propagation trial was carried out, using softwood (tip and intermediate) and semi-hardwood (basal) stem cuttings. Seed germination was tested using the 3 commercial seed accessions and the 3 spontaneous accessions (harvest in nature and after cultivation) at 20°C with 12-h photoperiod. The following descriptors were observed on the field characterization essay: flowering date, length, width and colour of the basal leaf, growth habit, width and height of the plant, length of the main stem, length and width of the terminal inflorescence, flowered portion of the stem length and width, plant biomass (fresh and dry). The softwood intermediate stem cuttings rooted better (83.8%) and rooting rate was significantly higher than basal semi-hardwood cuttings (56.8%). Seed germination varied from 69.5 to 92%, with significant differences between the commercial seeds and seeds of the spontaneous accessions after cultivation. On the characterization field essay, the flowering date was the only descriptor with significant differences between spontaneous accessions. The earliest-flowering accession was OV1 and the later-flowering accession was OV2. The difference between the flowering dates of these accessions was 13 days. The work provided useful information to the farmer for oregano growing, however, the study should be continued with a larger amount of accessions of broader geographical origin.


In this interesting paper, the authors present Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to assess a four-dimensional ensemble-based data assimilation system. A synthetic CALIPSO satellite observation set is assimilated with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) methodology. The observation operator used allows them to use attenuated backscatter and depolarization ratio, avoiding the retrieval process. An improvement in the representation of the aerosol concentration is demonstrated using Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE). Several sensitivity experiments are run although the variability found was less than expected. The paper also describes an


Women with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia. Though aspirin prophylaxis is prescribed in the general population (prior to 16 weeks' gestation) for those at high-risk of preeclampsia, its use in patients with IBD has not been established.

 To determine the frequency of and risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD, and to evaluate the risk for preeclampsia and the use of aspirin for primary prevention.

 All pregnant women with IBD (Crohns disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD-unclassified (IBDU)) seen at Mount Sinai Hospital from 2016–2020 were retrospectively identified. Demographics, reproductive history, and IBD characteristics including therapy and activity during pregnancy were recorded. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were also identified. Active disease during pregnancy was defined as a fecal calprotectin > 250 ug/g and/or using clinical disease activity scores. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square (x2) test and continuous variables using the Mann-Whitney test. A two-sided p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 127 patients (66 with CD, 60 with UC, 1 with IBDU) were included with a median age of 32 years at conception. The majority were Caucasian (70.9%), married (82.7%), completed post-secondary education (69.3%), had no prior or current smoking (78.7%) or alcohol use history (67.7%), and had no other comorbidities (81.9%). 50.4% of women had a prior pregnancy. 3 had a history of preeclampsia and 15/127 were prescribed aspirin prophylaxis. 73.2% of women were in clinical remission at conception.
 Compared to women with CD, women with UC were more likely to have infants with low birth weight (LBW) (p=0.031), small for gestational age (SGA) (p=0.002) and had higher rates of active IBD during pregnancy (p=0.005).
 13 women with IBD developed preeclampsia (6 with UC and 7 with CD). IBD type (p=0.844) and disease activity (p=0.308) were not associated with preeclampsia. Married women (p=0.001) while those who had a preconception consultation (50/127) (p=0.009) had lower rates of preeclampsia while those with a prior history of preeclampsia had higher rates (p=0.002). Among women who developed preeclampsia, pregnancy outcomes were comparable to those who did not. Women on aspirin prophylaxis (5/13) had a higher rate of preeclampsia (p=0.012), although they were also more likely to have a history of preeclampsia (p=0.002). Aspirin use was not associated with subsequent disease activity in pregnancy (p=0.830).

 Women receiving aspirin prophylaxis had higher rates of preeclampsia, likely owing to a higher baseline risk. Preeclampsia prevention with aspirin prophylaxis does not appear to result in disease flares but larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.

 None


Objectives: To assess the effects of PBL and LBL in teaching Medical Physics.Methods: Two sections of undergraduates enrolled into our college in 2005 and majoring in preventive medicine and medical imaging were treated as experimental and control groups-PBL Section and LBL section,respectively.In PBL section,PBL was introduced after the core content of the textbook was completed with LBL,while LBL was used in LBL section throughout.The assessment of teaching effects was conducted by the final examination and questionnaires.Results: There is no significant difference in the basic knowledge in Medical Physics between the two groups(t = 1.44,P 0.05).However,there are significant differences in the overall score and the score for the comprehensive application part in the final examination between the groups(t = 3.64,t =5.54,P 0.01).Furthermore,students in the PBL section offered a higher agreement on PBL than that on LBL(P 0.01).Conclusion: It is recommended that PBL could be adopted together with LBL in teaching Medical Physics with a satisfactory effect.


www.PRSJournal.com 1476 T authors describe a series of 32 patients who underwent 47 fat grafting procedures to the buttocks under local anesthesia.1 The average volume of injected fat was 359 ml per buttock. The authors report that there were no mortalities or complications. The authors should be congratulated for attempting to bring a safer way of performing this operation to the mainstream. We are all aware that too many mortalities have been reported with this operation when it is performed under general anesthesia. I agree with the authors that this operation must be safer by replacing general anesthesia with local anesthesia, for a number of reasons. First, the common or serious risks that are related purely to general anesthesia are greatly decreased if not eliminated: (1) overnight admission for nausea and vomiting, (2) deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism from venous blood clots, (3) other pulmonary complications such as aspiration and pneumonia, (4) urinary retention, (5) corneal desiccation injury, and (6) malignant hyperthermia, to name a few. Second, the additional anesthetic time inevitably spent on inducing general anesthesia, safely turning and positioning the sleeping patient, and reversing the anesthesia increases the risks of adverse events. Third, I do believe the authors' contention that the awake, conversant patient is much less likely to allow cannula insertion below the fascia and into the muscles where the larger veins lie. The conversant patient's natural protective pain safety mechanism would almost certainly stop the surgeon from repeated fascia penetration and large fat volume injection in the deep muscle layers, even with 5 mg of hydrocodone/300 mg of acetaminophen and 10 to 20 mg of diazepam on board. Fourth, the gluteal muscles of the awake, conversant patient will likely contract when being invaded by a cannula. This would constrict the larger subfascial deeper veins and make them a smaller target for fat penetration. This situation must be quite different than in the sleeping patient where the muscles are relaxed, and the deep veins are therefore more dilated, dangerous targets of fat penetration. In contrast, I feel that the authors make some dogmatic statements that I feel have not been supported by current science. They state that muscles and fascia are very sensitive to pain. I have been studying tumescent anesthesia for many years and I use it regularly in the forearm and hand where I dissect fascia and muscles under pure subcutaneous tumescent local anesthesia on a regular basis. Nontumesced muscle and fascia tissues do not tend to be sore to dissection in my experience, unless I irritate perforating neurovascular bundles (nerves) within muscle and fascia that have not been anesthetized by the tumescent solution. Having said that, I do believe that the patient is bound to be sore with repeated cannula penetration of the fascia because sensitive unanesthetized perforating nerves will be inevitably be stretched, hit, and hurt. I have also observed that deep fascia can be a relative barrier to diffusion to tumescent local anesthesia. The authors are also dogmatic in their belief that they have 100 percent avoided any injection under the fascia in any of the cases. This reviewer is not convinced that this has been 100 percent proven by the data provided by authors, but I do believe that most of the clinically relevant tumescent local anesthetic solution and fat graft were injected in the suprafascial fat. The authors are correct to state that this is a small series that suggests safer outcomes, but does not yet prove them. However, this article is


Peroxyacetic acid(PAA) has a wide usage as disinfectant.For reducing the potential hazard of thermal explosion caused by PAA in production,transportation,storage and usage,the variations of temperature,pressure,self-heating rate which were revolved in thermal decomposition reactions of 15%PAA and 10%PAA were measured by adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC).The reaction order n,activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A of these two samples were calculated by the rate constant method.Modified by the thermal inertia factor,the temperature and pressure related parameters at the worst condition were obtained.Based on Semenov thermal explosion theory,the self-accelerating decomposition temperatures(SADT) as well as no-return temperature were also calculated for the two samples at three specific package conditions.It showed that the decomposition reaction of 15%PAA and 10%PAA are both first order.For 15%PAA and 10%PAA,it is shown that the initial exothermic temperatures are 42.9℃ and 29.3℃ respectively under thermal insulation condition.The calculated SADT results reveal that time to maximum self-heating rate,package bulk and cooling condition are the main factors for the SADT.It was suggested that based on the test data the package bulk for PAA should be under 25 L.


To accomplish three-dimensional deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on metal substrates by electrodeposition, stainless steel substrates with various sizes were selected as cathode for electrodeposition. The chemical composition, microstructure, and surface morphologies of the films on both surfaces of the substrates were characterized by X-ray photoelectron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that for the stainless steel with a larger size than anode, the DLC film can be deposited on the surface facing the anode only, but for the stainless steel with a smaller size than anode, the DLC films can be deposited on both surfaces of the substrates. Further investigations revealed that the films on both surfaces show similar microstructures and morphologies. The quasi-static electric field theory was utilized to discuss the experimental results, proposing that the existence of electric field component vertical to substrate surface is the prerequisite of the electrodeposition of the DLC films. The results furnish theorial foundation for the further realization of three-dimensional deposition of DLC films on conductive substrates with complex shapes. © 2016, Materials Review Magazine. All right reserved.


Post verdict disposition hearings of those found "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (NCR) are a new phenomenon resulting from the Mental Disorder Amendments that came into force in February, 1992. Thus far, there is no generally accepted characterization of the role of the Crown in these hearings. This paper is a proposal for the establishment of a defined role for the representative of the Crown in post-verdict hearings. It is also a plea for Crown counsel to adopt a particular frame of mind and stance in reference to the mentally disordered offender. My approach will focus on the new legislation regarding those found NCR - its purpose and its spirit. I will argue that Crown counsel must consider, and be guided by the specifics of the new legislative scheme. I will also argue, that in the administration of this legislation, Crown Attorneys must adopt a new perspective with regard to the mentally disordered offender. If the aims of the new legislation are not incorporated by Crown Counsel into their role in the administration of the law then its objectives will be compromised. I should point out that my concerns regarding the role of the Crown in disposition hearings arise after having observed a hearing before the Review Board in Nova Scotia. My observations of that hearing, and subsequent discussions with a number of Crown Attorneys in Nova Scotia, indicated to me that the goals of the Mental Disorder Amendments may be threatened by an antagonistic approach to its implementation.


The infection of human cytomegalovirus is very common in infants.It would affect multiple systems and would leave sequela when serious infection occurs.This paper summarized the methods of monitoring the human cytomegalovirus infection,such as via virus separation,morphological observation,serum and gene detection.The advantage and disadvantage of these methods were analyzed also,in order to offer a diagnostic criterion about how to detect HCMV with high credibility and sensitivity in clinical practice conveniently.


A recursive procedure is developed that makes it possible to determine all conjugacy classes under both SO(p,q) and O(p,q) of the maximal solvable subalgebras of the Lie algebras LO(p,q) [and the continuous maximal solvable subgroups of SO(p,q)]. The cases of greatest physical interest with p ≥ q ≥ 0 and p + q ≤ 6 are considered in detail (they include the Lorentz group, de Sitter groups, and the conformal group of space‐time). Formulas (in terms of Fibonacci numbers) are given for the number of O(p,q) [and SO(p,q)] equivalence classes of maximal solvable subalgebras of LO(p,q).


We used an immunohistochemical assay with an antigen‐retrieval technique to study plasminogen activator inhibitor type‐1 (PAI‐I) expression in paraffin‐embedded breast tissue samples at different stages of malignant transformation. We detected PAI‐I in 15/20 invasive tumors. In several cases staining was localized to the stromal component. PAI‐I‐positive fibroblasts could be seen surrounding tumor nodules or at tumor margins. In addition, tumor‐infiltrating macrophages (13 cases) and endothelial cells (5 cases) were positive. In 11 specimens PAI‐I‐positive cancer cells were also detected. In 2 strongly positive cases secreted PAI‐I was visible in the extracellular matrix surrounding the cells. Six of 9 samples of carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were weakly positive. No staining of endothelial cells was visible in DCIS. Only a few positive adenomatous epithelial cells could be seen in 3 of 7 papillomas. All biopsies of normal breast tissue were negative, with the exception of one sample, obtained from a patient with a previous segmental mastectomy for DCIS. PAI‐I production by invasive breast cancers could reflect a general upregulation of the plasminogen activation system in proliferating cancer cells, as suggested by the finding that normal mammary epithelium cultures expressed PAI‐I in all cases examined. In addition, production of PAI‐1 by the tumor stroma could protect the tumor itself from excessive proteolysis.


ABSTRACT Depoliticization has emerged as a key concept in analyzing the changing political dynamics of capitalist democracies. Yet, the concept of public interest has been relatively absent in depoliticization literature. This article argues for a more systematic inclusion of public interest politics in scrutinizing de- and repoliticization. The argument is advanced through strategic-relational theory by interpreting public interest as (1) a terrain of political struggles, (2) a mode of doing politics and (3) a method of enquiry. These dynamics are examined in the empirical context of Finnish forest industry's political strategy in the Kaipola paper mill closure in August 2020. The forest conglomerate UPM-Kymmene politicized its paper mill shutdown by shifting the responsibility to the centre-left governmental coalition's purportedly business-hostile policies. However, analyzing the case through UPM strategies and the paper production crisis, the closure falls in line with the forest industry's long-term business strategy. The forest industry's and UPM's strategy is recognized as a forceful defense of a corporate polity where public interest is equated with the success of key economic actors. The article concludes with an argument for the politics of public interest as a vital research perspective for analyzing contradictions surrounding 'the economy'.


Arbitrary faults such as bit flips have been often observed in commodity-hardware data centers and have disrupted large services. Benign faults, such as crashes and message omissions, are nevertheless the standard assumption in practical fault-tolerant distributed systems. Algorithms tolerant to arbitrary faults are harder to understand and more expensive to deploy (requiring more machines). In this work, we introduce a non-malicious arbitrary fault model including transient and permanent arbitrary faults, such as bit flips and hardware-design errors, but no malicious faults, typically caused by security breaches. We then present a compiler-based framework that allows benign fault-tolerant algorithms to automatically tolerate arbitrary faults in non-malicious settings. Finally, we experimentally evaluate two fundamental algorithms: Paxos and leader election. At expense of CPU cycles, transformed algorithms use the same number of processes as their benign fault-tolerant counterparts, and have virtually no network overhead, while reducing the probability of failing arbitrarily by two orders of magnitude.


This study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial marketing dimensions, namely: proactiveness; calculated risk-taking; innovativeness; opportunity focus; resource leveraging; customer intensity; value creation and legitimacy, on business performance in garment small industry in Bandung City Indonesia. Ninety small industries are used as samples in this survey. Data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. This multiple regression analysis indicates that proactiveness, resources leveraging, value creation and customer intensity dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing has significant and positive effects on business performance.


The historical and social issues of the new economic policy in Siberia are considered in the article. The political course, set by bolshevists, was theoretically orientated on all-embracing democracy and real democracy, but in practice it admitted serious drawbacks. Because of that the expansion of citizen subjective right social maintenance for direct democracy had dual character. The main attention is given to the people's expectations, attitudes and the degree of their reflection in the regional and management policy at that period.


A new species of Helochares Mulsant, 1844 (Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae) from Brazil is described and illustrated. Helochares (s. str.) atlanticus sp. nov. is distinct mainly by characteristics of the aedeagus whose phalobase is short, narrowed on basal third; parameres are thick, constricted on apical quarter, with small tooth-like projection on outer margin near apex; dorsal lobe longer than ventral lobe, shorter than parameres, very wide at base, abruptly narrowing toward apex until about half of its length where it dilates and divides into two long and narrow projections apart from each other at base, but turned inward at apex; ventral lobe acuminate and symmetrical. The rounded emargination on anteromedial margin of labrum bearing small tooth-like projections and the convex and slightly elevated mesoventral process, without high-elevated carina, also helps in identifying the species. Specimens of the new species were collected in the mountain region of the state of Rio de Janeiro (municipality of Teresopolis) and in the north coast of the state of Sao Paulo (municipality of Ubatuba), both localities in Southeastern Brazil. Helochares (s. str.) oculatus Sharp, 1882 and Helochares (Sindolus) femoratus (Brulle, 1841) are recorded for the first time from the state of Rio de Janeiro.


By discussing the concept of functional currency proposed in IAS21 improvement program, the paper analyzed its hidden meaning and the functions in conversion of financial report forms of foreign currency. The author also pointed out the difference of conversion of financial report forms for foreign currency between China and the world. At last, the suggestions to improve conversion of financial report forms for foreign currency will be given to us.


The invention comprises: a multimedia ring-back tone management platform, a client side and a release management server. Said client side comprises: a memory module for saving the multimedia ring-back tone; a recording module for recording the multimedia ring-back tone, and saving it in the memory; a release module for uploading said multimedia ring-back tone to the release management server. Said release management server is used for uploading said multimedia ring-back tone to the multimedia ring-back tone management platform. The invention also reveals a method and a client side thereof.


This paper investigates the effect of iron powder purity and particle size on the magnetic properties of phosphated iron soft magnetic composites(SMC).The results showed that the phosphating process give rise to a large coverage of the iron powders surface by the iron phosphate coating.The density and permeability of phosphated iron samples shows an increase with increased the iron powder purity or particle size.The sample with higher iron powder purity exhibits lower hysteresis loss.With increase in the particle size,magnetic loss increases significantly at medium and high frequencies,and the higher the frequency the more obvious.


As the largest public service provider in the world, State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) generates huge amounts of data every day, much of which are paper work order in offline businesses. Paper work orders greatly affect office efficiency and reduce the data processing capacity. To solve this problem, technicians of SGCC implement an intelligent work order recognition system. This system based on deep neural network such as CNN, CRNN, uses graphical morphology analysis, segmentation, recognizes handwritten numerals, handwritten Chinese characters and printed characters automatically, imports various paper work orders rapidly. In practice, the accuracy of handwritten numeral recognition is 96%, the accuracy of handwritten Chinese character recognition is 94%, the accuracy of printed character recognition is 99%. This system greatly improves the work order import efficiency of grass-roots staff.


The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of instant beverage products, surface foam on the instant beverage powder is formed upon reconstitution with a liquid. The method uses a porous base powder of the present invention further relates to.


In order to realize the uniform knowledge representation including STEP and SGML,aimed at the defects of cur- rent methods,a new semantic model that is named XOEM+OWL is put forward.And then the correspondent mapping between STEP Schema Graph and OWL Schema Graph are build as Cos(sc,oc),so we can get the semantic pattern matching degree for the semantic representation on the product information.At last the example is presented.


AbstractThe Wanjiang Bridge, completed in 1976, is the first continuous prestressed concrete (PC) girder bridge erected using the incremental launching method in China. The bridge consists of prism...


In this study, the characteristic qualities of whole soymilk were examined based on differing hydrolysis condition. The results showed that as the concentration of enzyme preparation(KMF-G) increase, , calcium-binding capacity, and the content of free amino acid components also increased. Additionally SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a similar pattern of in the molecular weight of proteins at enzyme preparation concentration 0.20 and 0.35%(w/w). The quality of whole soymilk hydrolysate was shown to be best at a enzyme preparation(KMF-G) concentration of 0.20%(w/w) and hydrolysis time of 60 min. When sterilized at 115, 130 and for 15 sec each the change in whole soymilk quality was not substantial. Based on the above results, a 0.20%(w/w) enzyme preparation(KMF-G) concentration and 60 mim hydrolysis time was determined to be the optimal hydrolysis condition for whole soymilk. It is anticipated that soymilk hydrolysis will a food material that is diverse in its application and uses.


Abstract I want to show in this paper that Ayizɔ, a Gbe dialect spoken in the southern part of Benin, has two underlying tones: H and L. The other tones, i.e., M, LH, HL, MH and HM, are realizations of these two tones. I shall demonstrate that the HL tone of nouns are derived through a H-Insertion-Rule, when the consonant is a voiceless obstruent; this high tone prevents the spreading of the prefix L tone through a voiceless obstruent. Interestingly, in this dialect, the application of the rules depends on the nature of the consonants. The LH tone is derived through a L-Spreading-Rule. The MH tone is derived through a M-Spreading rule, whereas the HM is derived through H-Insertion Rule and an assimilation rule of the final L tone. The M tone is an allotone of L in the environment of a H tone.


For the high end-to-end channel capacity, the amplify-and-forward scheme multiple-hop MIMO relays system is considered. The distance between each transceiver is optimized to prevent some relays from being the bottleneck and guarantee the high end-to-end channel capacity. However, in some cases, the location of relays can't be set at the desired location, the transmit power of each relay should be optimized. Additionally, in order to achieve the higher end-to-end channel capacity, the distance and the transmit power are optimized simultaneously. We propose the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to optimize both the distance and the transmit power in complex propagation environments. Moreover, when the system has no control over transmission of each relay, the interference signal is presented and the performance of system is deteriorated. The general protocol of control transmission for each relay on the MAC layer is analyzed and compared to the Carrier Sense Multiple Access-Collision Avoidance protocol. According to the number of relays, the Mac layer protocol for the highest end-to-end channel capacity is changed. We also analyze the end-to-end channel capacity when the number of antennas and relays tends to infinity.


The functions and performances of silicone additives for leather finishing were reviewed.Especially applications of silicone additives such as handle modifier,glossing agent,crosslinker,levelling agent and defoaming agent in leather finishing process were described.


It introduces the advantages and disadvantages of electrolytic capacitor and metalized film capacitor in various circuit topologies of power converters,describes application notices of the capacitor in detail and presents the specific design parameters in a variety of circuit topologies.Calculated parameters show that metalized film capacitor is the better choice and can be used widely in power converters especially high-voltage DC input products.


We all know that exercise can increase the strength of our muscles. In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, new research by Schroeder and colleagues (2012) demonstrates that exercise can also have a big impact on the circadian system, a network of structures that regulate daily rhythms in physiology. Circadian rhythms are maintained by precise cycles of molecular activity within cells. These cellular clocks are kept synchronized to the environment by a pacemaker structure deep in the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The suprachiasmatic nucleus normally keeps the body clock system in time by monitoring the external light–dark cycles and then imposing cycles of hormone release, body temperature, feeding, activity and many other functions. In some instances the signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus are feeble, barely strong enough to keep the body clock system in order. This might occur when frequent jet lag or rotating shift work imposes light–dark signals that confuse the central pacemaker. Diminished pacemaker output signals are also observed in ageing and in some neurodegenerative disorders (Colwell, 2011). It is important to develop better treatments for these dampened pacemakers to allow strong daily modulation of physiology, especially in light of current research linking disrupted rhythms to diabetes, cancer progression, cardiovascular disease, mood disorders and a wide range of negative health consequences (Arendt, 2010).

Fortunately, progress can be made using laboratory mice, which do not need fancy equipment or personal trainers to increase their level of exercise. Simply making a running wheel available will do the trick, as well as allow researchers to schedule the timing of when the running wheel is unlocked and free for use. In the present study, the investigators first demonstrated that free access to a running wheel can improve the power of diurnal rhythms. Further experiments investigated setting the time the wheel was available, either early (in the first 6 h) or late (in the latter 6 h) of the active phase. Mice undertook equivalent amounts of daily voluntary exercise in these conditions, but the timing of the wheel access altered the normal diurnal rhythms in heart rate and body temperature. For example, exercise scheduled late in the active period shifted the time of peak heart rate and body temperature to a later time of day.

For a closer look at the cellular clocks within different tissues, the researchers measured circadian rhythms in vitro using a bioluminescent marker of a core clock protein, PER2. By observing the rhythms of PER2 expression the researchers could determine if exercise treatments altered key properties of the circadian system. They were surprised to find that exercise restricted to early in the active phase decreased the amplitude of the rhythm recorded from the circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In contrast, at either time tested, scheduled exercise increased the amplitude of the rhythm recorded from another important clock in the network, the adrenal gland. Exercise also altered other key properties such as phase in adrenal and liver, and period in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, adrenal and heart. These studies suggested that exercise could be altering fundamental properties of circadian system components. Could scheduled exercise be used to fix a broken clock?

In prior research, mice deficient in the peptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) have been shown to have disruptions to their circadian system regulating physiology and behaviour. Thus, it was not surprising that these researchers found the VIP-deficient mice showed reduced power in circadian rhythms of physiology and reduced amplitude of rhythms recorded in vitro. Interestingly, exercise, particularly when scheduled in the second half of the active period, was able to reestablish key properties of the rhythms and dramatically increased the amplitude of circadian rhythms recorded from the suprachiasmatic nuclei of these mice.

Previous studies have also established that mice deficient in VIP show loss of synchrony among different cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (Aton et al. 2005). Mice lacking the receptor that VIP targets in the suprachiasmatic nucleus show reduced amplitude circadian rhythms measured from the suprachiasmatic tissue in vitro (Hughes et al. 2008). The current study supports those prior findings (as well as others that space limitations prevent citation here) and builds evidence for the VIP-deficient mouse as a promising model for the study of diminished circadian clock function. These studies in mice may help us to develop exercise-based treatments to strengthen the circadian system for populations such as ageing adults or rotating shift workers. Scheduled exercise has been shown to alter the timing of circadian rhythms in humans, even in older populations (Baehr et al. 2003). Future research will likely help us better understand the mechanism underlying these effects, and perhaps suggest a method of treatment for circadian disruption.


We present a novel compression-based method for measuring similarity between sequences of symbolic, polyphonic music. The method is based on mapping the values of binary chromagrams extracted from MIDI files to tonal centroids, then quantizing the tonal centroid representation values to sequences, and finally measuring the similarity between the quantized sequences using Normalized Compression Distance (NCD). The method is comprehensively evaluated with a test set of classical music variations, and the highest achieved precision and recall values suggest that the proposed method can be applied for similarity measuring. Also, we analyze the performance of the method and discuss what should be taken into consideration when applying the method for measurement tasks.


Surface warp defects in low-carbon mild steel SPHC strip steel was investigated by means of optical microscope(OM),scan electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray specturm(EDS).The results show that the composition of flux elements were found in the subcutaneous surface and cross-section of the warp defects.The main reason for surface warp defects in SPHC strip steel is dropped-in crystallizer fluxes.After rolling deformation the fluxes were stretched under subcutaneous layer which caused warp defects.


We demonstrate modifications to the light yield properties of an organic liquid scintillator due to the localization of the tertiary fluorophore component to the surface of Ag-core silica-shell nanoparticles. We attribute this enhancement to the near-field interaction of Ag nanoparticle plasmons with these fluor molecules. The scintillation light yield enhancement is shown to be equal to the fluorescence enhancement within measurement uncertainties. With a suitable choice of plasmon energy and scintillation fluor, this effect may be used to engineer scintillators with enhanced light yields for radiation detection applications.


The present invention relates to a suture operation device. The suture manipulation device includes a body (302) and the snare (312). Snare is operatively connected to the body, so as to extend from the body and is adapted to rotate independently of the body after extending from the body. Snare, while rotating, tissue capture a portion of the penetrating suture (310) is further adapted to secure a portion of the suture.


where blood vessel walls are targeted for injury with development of necrosis, thrombosis and an inflammatory infiltrate within and around the vessel wall [1]. The systemic vasculitides are a group of primary vasculitic disorders which are subdivided according to the size of vessel affected and specific clinical and pathological features [2, 3]. The antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-related vasculitides (Wegener's granulomatosis, Microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome) are characterised by vasculitis of small vessels of the size of arterioles, capillaries and venules. Early vascular lesions are necrotic and neutrophil-rich and progress to become heavily infiltrated with macrophages and T lymphocytes. These processes are well illustrated by the characteristic vasculitis-associated glomerulonephritis where early focal segmental necrotising lesions of capillary loops are later overtaken by extracapillary proliferation and development of macrophage-rich crescents [1]. The ability of ANCA to activate cytokine-primed neutrophils to degranulate and to produce reactive oxygen radicals and other mediators including cytokines and chemokines, suggests an important role of ANCA and neutrophils in the development of endothelial injury. In vitro, ANCA can activate neutrophils to injure cultured endothelial cells [4, 5]. In a rat model of antimyeloperoxidase-associated glomerulonephritis, proliferative glomerulonephritis was induced in myeloperoxidase-immunized Brown-Norway rats by renal perfusion of neutrophil lysosomal enzymes including myeloperoxidase and its substrate H 2O2 [6]. Neutrophil retention within small vessels and injury to endothelial cells may be promoted by ANCA which induces stiff, non-deformable cells and secretion of IL-8 which destroys the transendothelial chemotactic gradient [7]. The effects of ANCA on neutrophils are associated with activation of classical ( âII and α) and novel ( δ) isoforms of protein kinase C activation [8]. Rapid progression of vasculitis with recruitment and ret ntion of mononuclear cells is brought about by increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1). Within the glomerulus, VCAM-1 follows the focal segmental distribution of the lesions initially [9]. There is also upregulation of chemoattractant cytokines incl ding MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-1â [10]. This chronic inflammatory stage is associated with tissue destruction and scarring, for example, destruction of whole glomeruli. Long-term, vasculitis has a tendency to relapse. Maintenance in the circulation of T cells specific for the ANCA-related autoantigens, proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase may, in part, contribute to this susceptibility [11]. Ultimately, the challenge will be to reinstate tolerance to these autoantigens so that relapses and accumulation of tissue injury is prevented. Disease-Oriented Renal Research, Pathophysiology


have contributed to improved breastfeeding outcomes. Early postpartum breastfeeding support is critical for new mothers, especially primiparas who lack breastfeeding experience and often have no breastfeeding role models. The best way of delivering this breastfeeding support has been debated, and different interventions have been tested in a variety of settings. In our study, we compared usual care with in-hospital postpartum support and telephone support after hospital discharge. Although both were beneficial in improving breastfeeding rates, to our surprise, the effect of telephone support was greater. In Asia, because of prevailing postpartum cultural practices, women usually refrain from going outside the home in the first month after birth. Therefore, in these populations, breastfeeding telephone support may provide both practical and emotional support at a critical time. Other studies of professional telephone support in non-Asian countries have shown no significant effect on breastfeeding rates. Therefore, it is likely that there is no 'one size fits all' approach to breastfeeding support, and cultural and contextual factors are important in developing effective support interventions. While we agree with Kim et al. that the first month postpartum is the critical time point for providing breastfeeding support, it is also necessary to examine the benefits of extending breastfeeding support beyond this period if we are substantially to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates. In our study, although there was an improvement in exclusive breastfeeding rates in the telephone support group across the 6-month study period, the effect was greatest at 1 month postpartum, the time frame in which the support was provided. Studies of breastfeeding support have shown that professional support interventions improved breastfeeding rates at 1–2 months postpartum, but the effect was not sustained at 4–6 months postpartum and the interventions had minimal effect on exclusive breastfeeding rates. Therefore, further interventions are needed that can effectively improve exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first 6 months postpartum to ensure that infants are exclusively breastfed for the recommended length of time. We would encourage Kim et al. to develop further and rigorously test their professional breastfeeding support intervention with a larger sample. Telephone-based interventions can be a cost-effective strategy to deliver breastfeeding support once new mothers have left the hospital. Furthermore, with the substantial improvements in digital communication methods, other strategies such as text messaging and video chat can readily be incorporated into telephone support to enhance and sustain intervention effectiveness.&


The present article aims at setting the issue of the relationship between Buddhism and science in a historical and philosophical frame wider than that one taken into account by the international scholarship so far. The historical point of view allows us to conclude that the narrative that connects Buddhism with science is not based on features intrinsic to Buddhist thought. In fact, such narrative prospered thanks to the development of a dialectic, typical of the 18th and 19th centuries, between science and religion. The philosophical point of view allows us to conclude that such narrative is backed by a metaphysical-like thought that denies the specificity of both science and Buddhism.


Must the FOMC increase its target before inflation, or will inflation increase and cause the FOMC to increase its target?


A number of previous international studies have shown that many non-native Spanish speaking students lack sufficient oral communication skills.The aims of the study were twofold: 1) to investigate ...


Objective: Periodontal disease, caused by infection with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, is the biggest risk factor for losing teeth in most westernized countries. Recently, periodontal disease has been regarded as complication of diabetes, since it develops frequently and progress rapidly in diabetic subject. However, although association between diabetes and minimal chronic inflammation induced by periodontal disease has been reported, association between differences in microbiota and periodontal diseases in diabetic subject have not been well examined. Research Design and Methods: Among participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese held in 2016, those with information of oral cavity environment evaluated by the salivary multi-test, and microbiota of saliva samples evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing were included in the study (n=1078). Diabetes: HbA1c levels ≧6.5% or FBG ≧126 mg/dl; normal glucose tolerance (NGT): HbA1c levels Results: The number of dental caries-causing bacterium was significantly higher (3.15±1.61 vs. 2.61±1.61, p Conclusions: Abnormal glucose tolerance may change oral microbiota, induce dental caries, and be a risk factor for periodontal disease. We will further examine association between microbiota and diabetes in taxonomic category below phylum, and, also, in consideration with nutrients consumed. Disclosure S. Mizushiri: None. M. Daimon: None. H. Murakami: None. M. Murabayashi: None. Y. Matsuhashi: None. A. Kamba: None.


San Diego, faced with the problem of salt water infusion into a heavily traveled street causing the growth of bright orange algae that were odoriferous as well as slippery, attempted three cures before a permanent solution was finally implemented. The final solution consisted of concealing the problem and involved the use of drainage panels to separate new slabs placed above the existing slabs. After testing this innovative use of drainage panels, they were installed. Work was completed in May 1988 and is 100 percent successful. Further information is provided in this article concerning the type of drainage panel used and construction costs.


Although the PIG‐A gene mutation frequency (MF) is considered a good proxy to evaluate the somatic MF in animals, evidence remains scarce in humans. In this study, a granulocyte PIG‐A‐mutant assay was evaluated in patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer. Breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant RT were prospectively enrolled. RT involved the whole breast, with (WBNRT) or without (WBRT) nodal area irradiation. Blood samples were obtained from participants before (T0) RT, and T1, T2, and T3 samples were collected 3 weeks after the initiation of RT, at the end of RT, and at least 10 weeks after RT discontinuation, respectively. The MF was assessed using a flow cytometry protocol identifying PIG‐A‐mutant granulocytes. Cytokinesis‐blocked micronucleated lymphocyte (CBML) frequencies were also evaluated. Thirty patients were included, and five of them had received chemotherapy prior to RT. The mean (±SD) PIG‐A MFs were 7.7 (±12.1) per million at T0, 5.2 (±8.6) at T1, 6.4 (±8.0) at T2 and 3.8 (±36.0) at T3. No statistically significant increases were observed between the PIG‐A MF at T0 and the MFs at other times. RT significantly increased the CBML frequencies: 7.9 ‰ (±3.1‰) versus 33.6‰ (±17.2‰) (p < .0001). By multivariate analysis, the CBML frequency was correlated with age at RT initiation (p = .043) and irradiation volume at RT discontinuation (p = .0001) but not with chemotherapy. RT for breast cancer therapy failed to induce an increase in the PIG‐A MF. The PIG‐A assay in humans needs further evaluation, in various genotoxic exposures and including various circulating human cells.


Regression discontinuity studies of the effects of union representation rely on quasi-random variation in vote tallies near the majority-rule threshold. It is precisely in the closest elections, however, that incentives may be most powerful for manipulation. This study shows evidence for such contaminating selection in close union elections. First, unions lost close elections at an unexpectedly high rate, even those involving a large number of voters. Second, prior to the election, establishments where the union lost by a narrow margin employed fewer workers, had a smaller payroll, and had a more dispersed distribution of workers earnings than establishments where the union barely won. As a result, level comparisons between establishments where the union barely won and barely lost are misleading. Regression discontinuity panel estimates which account for pre-election differences suggest that union representation had a negative effect on payroll, average worker earnings, and employment, in marked contrast to previous findings. This effect operated largely through compositional changes: higher-paid workers were more likely to leave, while younger and lower-paid workers were more likely to come following a union victory. The union effect on the earnings of workers who stayed was minimal. JEL Codes: J01, J51 ∗This research uses data from the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics Program, which was partially supported by the following National Science Foundation Grants: SES-9978093, SES-0339191 and ITR0427889; National Institute on Aging Grant AG018854; and grants from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed. The author is indebted to JP Ferguson, Jim Davis, Javi Miranda, and Kristin McCue for help with the data. The author also gratefully acknowledges support from NSF Grant SES-0922355. Word count (text and appendix): 7,973. †181 Faculty Office Building, Provo, UT 84602, Fax: (801) 422-0194, Tel: (801) 422-4049, E-mail: email@example.com.


Flexible manufacturing technology is the computer technology equipment in the production process and the application is the microelectronic technology,smart technology and traditional manufacturing technology together,including flexible manufacturing modules,flexible manufacturing system.


() ABSTRACT: Artificial neural networks ANN recently gained attention as a fast and flexible vehicle to microwave modeling and design. Fast neural models trained from measured simulated microwave data can be used during microwave design to provide instant answers to the task they have learned. We review two important aspects of neural-network-based microwave modeling, namely, model development issues and nonlin- ear modeling. A systematic description of key issues in neural modeling approach such as data generation, range and distribution of samples in model input parameter space, data scaling, etc., is presented. Techniques that pave the way for automation of neural model development could be of immense interest to microwave engineers, whose knowledge about ANN is limited. As such, recent techniques that could lead to automatic neural model development, e.g., adaptive controller and adaptive sampling, are discussed. Neural model- ing of nonlinear device circuit characteristics has emerged as an important research area. An overview of nonlinear techniques including small large signal neural modeling of () transistors and dynamic recurrent neural network RNN modeling of circuits is presented. Practical microwave examples are used to illustrate the reviewed techniques. 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 11: 421, 2001.


We propose a new acoustic-elastic coupled full waveform inversion method in which the pressure-velocity and stress-velocity equations are applied for the acoustic and elastic media respectively by finite-difference modeling method in the time domain adding with the interface boundary conditions, utilizing only the pressure dates. Comparing with the acoustic modeling, we validate the accuracy of forward modeling of acoustic-elastic method. A complexed model called elastic Marmousi II is applied by the method we present in this paper using only the P-wave data and shows the reliable results.


This paper describes various examples of blatant attempts to suppress and censor parapsychology research and those who are doing it. The examples include raising false accusations, barring access to journals, suppressing papers and data, and ostracizing and persecuting scientists interested in the topic. The intensity of fear and vituperation caused by parapsychology research is disproportionate even to the possibility that the psi hypothesis could be completely wrong, so I speculate on the psychological reasons that may give rise to it. There are very few circumstances in which censorship might be appropriate, and the actions by parapsychology censors put them at odds not only with the history of science but with the history of modern liberal societies. Appendix 1 is an Editorial censored by the then-editors of the Journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. . . . the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection . . . to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinions of others, to do so would be wise, or even right. —John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1869/2010:10) One can only pray, even if in a secular prayer, that as the great scientist and philosopher Giordano Bruno had his tongue and palate pierced by an iron gag before being burned alive in 1600 by the inquisitors for daring to speak his mind, he could sense the "every human love" in the midst of the "pedantic boring cry" of his executioners, as W. H. Auden would wish us all in his 1937 poem Lullaby. In some countries (and the extraordinary rendition program instigated by the USA and in which 54 other countries colluded to extrajudicially abduct and sometimes torture detainees suggest how few, cf. Fisher 2013), blissfully, the instruments of torture have rusted and are now only curiosities in morbid museum collections. But the itch Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 601–620, 2015 0892-3310/15


&NA; This paper presents a study of the relationship of urinary 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids (17‐OHCS) to behavioral variables in depressed patients. Longitudinal behavioral ratings of depression and anxiety showed high positive correlations with 17‐OHCS levels when analyzed over time for a given patient. However, if mean depression ratings and mean 17‐OHCS levels were taken for each of the 17 patients studied, a significant positive correlation was not obtained. This is accounted for by one group of the patients who showed low 17‐OHCS levels and high depression ratings. Two subgroups of patients were identified in terms of corticosteroid levels. The data suggest that those with high 17‐OHCS levels were often more aware of and involved in the struggle with their illness, while many with high depression ratings and low 17‐OHCS levels showed extensive denial of their depression. Behaviorally stable patients ran stable 17‐OHCS levels, while patients with fluctuating behavior showed fluctuating 17‐OHCS levels.


To the Editor:

Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is considered the first-line treatment in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)1. As a result of embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, MTX is discontinued in women planning to conceive2,3,4. RA disease activity often decreases during pregnancy and increases after delivery5. Thus, women with RA are monitored closely following delivery. Breastfeeding may also pose challenges, attributable to the concern about drug exposure for the infant and potential drug-related adverse effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics and other reviews recommend the avoidance of MTX in breastfeeding women3,4,6.

There is limited evidence of mammary excretion of MTX. One case report from 1972 describes MTX milk levels in a 25-year-old lactating mother with choriocarcinoma being treated with oral MTX at a dose of 22.5 mg per day7. Milk, blood, and urine samples were obtained at 2-h intervals on the first day of treatment and MTX levels were assessed using a bioassay …

Address correspondence to Dr. T. Nadarajah, University of Toronto, Medicine, 500 University Ave., Suite 602, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada. E-mail: thanu.nadarajah{at}gmail.com


We present results from a 35 ks Chandra ACIS-I observation of the hot intracluster medium (ICM) around the FR II radio galaxy 3C 388. 3C 388 resides in a cluster environment with an ICM temperature of ~3.5 keV. We detect cavities in the ICM coincident with the radio lobes. The enthalpy of these cavities is ~1.2 × 1060 ergs. The work done on the gas by the inflation of the lobes is ~3 × 1059 ergs, or ~0.87 keV per particle out to the radius of the lobes. The radiative timescale for gas at the center of the cluster at the current temperature is a few Gyr. The gas in the core was probably cooler and denser before the outburst, so the cooling time was considerably shorter. We are therefore likely to be witnessing the quenching of a cluster cooling flow by a radio galaxy outburst. The mechanical power of the lobes is at least 20 times larger than the radiative losses out to the cooling radius. Outbursts of similar power with a ~5% duty cycle would be more than sufficient to continually reheat the cluster core over the Hubble time and prevent the cooling of any significant amount of gas. The mechanical power of the outburst is also roughly 2 orders of magnitude larger than either the X-ray luminosity of the active nucleus or the radio luminosity of the lobes. The equipartition pressure of the radio lobes is more than an order of magnitude lower than that of the ambient medium, indicating that the pressure of the lobe is dominated by something other than the relativistic electrons radiating at GHz frequencies.


Dc conductivity, Hall effect, and photoluminescence spectra are studied in heavily deformed samples containing a connected system of dislocation cell walls. The conclusion is made that, in deformed Si, empty and filled electron states 0.3 to 0.4 eV from the upper and lower edges of the band gap, respectively, are related to dislocation defects (kinks, jogs, constrictions, etc.). As a result, the Fermi level is pinned in the vicinity of localized states near the middle of the band gap. Therefore, dc conductivity along the dislocation system is absent.


Environmental factors influence the character, composition, growth and development of individual plants and plant communities. When any of these environmental factors exceeds the optimum tolerance of a plant, it stresses the plant and in turn influences its development and structural, physiological and biochemical processes (Jaleel et al., 2007a). Soil salinity is one among the several environmental stresses causing drastic changes in the growth, physiology and metabolism of plants and threatening crop and vegetable cultivation around the globe (Jaleel et al., 2007b). Plant growth and development are internal processes under the control of the environment. Temperature, moisture, light, nutrients and gases can either enhance or retard these processes, and sometimes may act as stressors damaging and in extreme cases killing the plant (Jaleel et al., 2007c). In many salt-sensitive plants, glycophytes, which include most crop plants, a major part of growth inhibition is caused by excess Na+ (White and Broadley, 2003; Jaleel et al., 2007d). High sodium disrupts potassium (K+) nutrition, and when accumulated in the cytoplasm it inhibits many enzymes (Sankar et al., 2006). Calcium plays an important role in plant growth and development. It is implicated in the movement of cellular organelles such as the spindle apparatus and secretory vesicles, and may play a key role in integrating plant cell metabolism (Jaleel et al., 2007e). The cells of fibrous tissue need more calcium because it is required to bind the polysaccharides that form the middle lamella in the cell plates that arise between daughter cells. Adequate Ca2+ levels are necessary for the membrane to function normally. Most of the interest in calcium in plants has centered on its role in the cytoplasm in controlling developmental process. Free calcium in the apoplast may also influence plant growth (Lawlor, 2002; Jaleel et al., 2007f). Legumes have long been recognized to be either sensitive or moderately tolerant to salinity. Salt tolerance varies even among legumes, and most of them respond to saline conditions by salt exclusion, that is, exclusion of NaCl from the leaves (Manivannan et al., 2007). The present study assess-


Counter-rotating electrochemical machining (CRECM) is an innovative ECM method that can be used to manufacture revolving parts, especially titanium alloy casings. Because titanium alloys are easily passivated metals, sufficient electrical quantity is required to achieve the transition from pitting to smoothing with a lower speed. However, a low rotational speed means more material is removed in a machining cycle, which is not conducive to wall thickness control. Therefore, achieving fast smoothing at a relatively high rotational speed for titanium alloys is focused. In this paper, the proposed methodology applies an auxiliary cathode to accelerate the transition from pitting corrosion to smoothness of titanium alloys at a relatively high rotational speed. Experimental results show that titanium alloy can be smoothed regardless of rotational speed with an auxiliary cathode. The auxiliary cathode can weaken the off-current density region and accelerate the breakdown of the oxide layer, and the layer-by-layer dissolution of micron-thick materials is achieved at a relatively high rotational speed. The grid-like convex structure is produced at a relatively high rotational speed with an auxiliary cathode, and the surface roughness is 1.808 µm. This fully demonstrates the reliability of the auxiliary cathode for achieving the smoothness of titanium alloys.


The design of JP-01 is a stack-based 4-stage pipelined Java microprocessor core, which is fit for embedded system usage. This microprocessor uses dual-port RAM as java stack memory, which reduces the consumption of memory resource. It can execute most of simple java virtual machine (JVM) arithmetic/logic instructions in one clock period in hardware. It can execute complicated instructions in several clock period by using micro-code ROM. The hardware trap mechanism is provided to simulate the more complicated and object oriented instructions use software. Different implemented can be selected methods for the same JVM instructions on the demand between higher performance and less hardware cost, which is an important factor to implement the design into FPGA.


The prevalence of diabetes and its secondary complications are increasing globally due to genetic and environmental factors. T2DM accounts for more than 90% of the total diabetic population and its incidence is linked to obesity induced insulin resistance followed by insufficient secretion of insulin. Most of the currently available drugs for the treatment of T2DM are known to elicit undesirable side effects in addition to the development of resistance after prolonged use. Hence, the search for lead molecules preferably from plant origin continues. Recently, we have formulated a herbal preparation comprising of three phytochemicals namely Gymnemic acid (GA), Trigonelline (TG) and Ferulic acid (FA) in the ratio of 2:3:1 and studied its antidiabetic efficacy in type 2 diabetes in rats. Gluconeogenesis plays a pivotal role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources especially from the amino acids and its role is chiefly controlled by the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The present study is aimed to perform molecular docking studies involving the inhibitory effect of the above phytochemicals on PEPCK activity. Auto-Dock Tools were used to study the docking simulations. Auto Dock 4.2 is used to study the molecular interactions between the phytochemical ligands and the enzyme receptor, PEPCK. The binding energy obtained for GA, TG and FA on PEPCK is found to be –2.9, –5.92 and –7.2 Kcal/Mol, respectively. The data obtained suggested the inhibitory role of GTF-231 on the activity of PEPCK which in turn aids in the regulation of normoglycemia.


The present research analyzed dermatological health problems attributed by con sumers to textiles. A two-phase survey was used to collect data. The first phase involved a self-administered mail questionnaire sent to a disproportionate strat ified random sample of 750 households in each of five western states. Information from 1,785 usable questionnaires (55% response rate) provided baseline data on the existence of perceived dermatological problems attributed to textiles. The relationships between perceived problems and respondents' demographic char acteristics and climatic conditions of their residences were analyzed. The second phase was a telephone questionnaire directed to those initial respondents who indicated they perceived dermatological health problems caused by contact with textiles. Implicated fibers, fabrics, finishes, and dyes were identified. Symptoms of the problems and coping strategies for relieving symptoms were also identi fied. Financial losses encountered by such problems were estimated.


The launch of China's new five-year plan sees coal mining entering a crucial restructuring phase. Economic constraints, responsible safety awareness, improvements in efficiency and coal quality also throw up vital challenges for coal preparation engineering. The closure of ten thousands of small pits and the drastic reduction in the gross output associated with this necessitate a comprehensive reorganization of the industry. On the basis of developments in Chinese coal mining and successful efforts to modernize preparation engineering, essential measures are derived and appropriate steps for their implementation proposed.