Research summary We argue that interrelated processes of knowledge codification and uncertainty reduction lead to the contraction of vertical firm boundaries of new high technology ventures over time. Consistent with our arguments we show that, over time, the outsourcing of R&D is slower than outsourcing of manufacturing, while outsourcing of marketing and sales is the fastest. We further show heterogeneity in the pace of vertical boundary contraction, where new high technology ventures that engage in knowledge exploration and those whose founders have a strong technological background exhibit slower vertical boundary contraction. Typically, the slowdown in the pace of outsourcing, once again, is the strongest for R&D and the weakest for marketing and sales. Managerial summary Cash-constrained managers in new high technology ventures often wish to outsource their R&D, manufacturing, and marketing and sales activities, but may initially be limited in doing so. This likely happens because these new ventures rely heavily on founders' tacit knowledge about new products and how to commercialize them, and because uncertainty makes it difficult to reach contractual agreements with external partners. We show that with time such outsourcing becomes increasingly possible, especially for marketing and sales activities, and less so for R&D. Yet, when new high technology ventures experiment with new products and in new high technology ventures whose founders have a technological background, the pace of outsourcing is slower.


Complex coacervation is explained with the assumption that the symmetrical aggregate polymer (SAP) model is applicable to both dilute and concentrated phases. An interaction potential between SAP's is obtained in a way similar to the derivation of the Flory-Krigbaum potential between usual polymers. Using this potential, osmotic pressure P is obtained by the virial expansion method. The curve of P (vs volume fraction of SAP) corresponds to the curve of pressure (vs volume) representing gas-liquid phase separation. Moreover the self-suppression is quantitatively explained by the contraction of SAP dimension.


In 1960, 100 000 turkeys quickly died in Britain from a disease christened Turkey X disease. All outbreaks involved a batch of Brazilian groundnut meal which proved toxic but having been sterilized yielded no cultures. Later, similar symptoms were associated with East African groundnut meals in which cotyledon fragments contained hyphae that were later linked with the common mould Aspergillus flavus and the presence of a previously unknown 'aflatoxin', which causes diseases in man, and other farm animals besides poultry. Research in mycotoxins increased greatly. This publication documents the progress of this research up to 1990. Its eight sections deal with aflatoxicosis due to ingested groundnuts, preand post-harvest infection with A. flavus, biochemical changes in infected groundnuts, factors affecting aflatoxin production in the laboratory, aflatoxins in groundnut and its products, limits and regulations, analytical methods for aflatoxins and management of A. flavus infection and contamination. Each section is reviewed within topics and accompanied with a bibliography with abstracts (with some duplication between sections there are about 1800 entries). The database is available from ICRISAT for users with access to the Mini-Micro CDS/ISIS software developed by UNESCO. The database contains much information and guidance in the reviews. However, being limited to groundnuts it lacks much information on the ecology of A.Jkvus and aflatoxin production on other substrates. Despite this, it is a valuable compilation that will be a much used reference for all working with mycotoxins or in public health. With such use in prospect it is a pity it does not have a more rugged binding.


Socrates gives warning of the claims of the professional ethicists of his time, the sophists. If their professionalism is understood to be his worry, then-a critical look at the structure and method of today's profession is indicated. Taking a look at a recent address by John Rawls, I trace a retract fram the real context of floral action: confronting the dilemma of one's ignorance of what to do in the face of the necessity to act. In the name Of "objectivity", in the study of rules, Lithe stress of judgment, in the alliance with legality, professional ethics turns fran the moral openness of the dilemma toward the creation of a shared paradigm of moral knowledge. The culmination of these four stages is the moral expert who, on close examination, has much in CarM011 with the social manager or engineer. I conclude that an inconsistency between professionalising ethics and teaching it exists, and that our choice must be for a vital, creative, and nonprofessional subject.


In the field of mobile payment, due to the practical application scenarios and low fault tolerance requirements, it is still a difficult task to obtain card number information from the bank card image and to quickly and accurately identify the bank card number. On the basis of studying the target detection algorithm YOLOv3, this paper puts forward a bank card number detection algorithm which improves the network structure of YOLOv3. In the network prediction section, the branch of feature scale prediction is added to realize the calculation of the fourth layer feature scale. Then, before calculating each feature scale, the idea of spatial pyramid pooling is introduced to increase the capability of network feature fusion and improve the accuracy of network detection. Further, combining the improved YOLOv3 detection model with DenseNet, a card number recognition model for bank cards is given, and an optimized DenseNet card number recognition model is achieved after expanding the dataset with the combination of traditional image enhancement methods and model training. Finally, the experimental results showing that the method in this paper improves the average accuracy of the algorithm and model parameter control, which can better apply to the needs of card number recognition in practical application scenarios.


The paper focuses on the problem of the effective management of materials obtained from demolition in the scope of the revalorisation of historical structures. The conditions that influence the reclamation and reuse of materials were analysed. The entirety of the discussion was based on the practical example of the revalorisation of the Outer Courtyard of Wawel Castle, for which the importance of these conditions has been determined, as well as the relationships between them.


Abstract : The study and quantification of selected sediment properties crucial to the modeling of high frequency sound interaction in ocean sediments is the long-term project goal. The research thrust is two-fold. Part I is the in situ three-dimensional measurement and quantification of sandy sediment permeability. Part II is a quantitative study of the sediment microfabric, pore fluid pathways, porometry, and bioorganic components. The ultimate goal of the microfabric investigations is the development of microfabric models and related numerical analysis that describe important sediment properties such as fluid flow characteristics, isotropy and anisotropy, and stress-strain behavior (Bennett et al., 1989, Bennett et al., 1996).


The stabilization of the beams of large-sized multi-beam hybrid mirror antenna (MBHMA), the reflector profile of which is subject to distortion due to changing operational factors, is a complicated technical task. One of the ways to maintain energy efficiency of the satellite communications system in these circumstances is to adapt the amplitude-phase distribution of the clusters of the antenna array to random deformations of the reflector. By statistical modeling, the potentially achievable characteristics of the system are evaluated. Three variants of adaptation of cluster excitation were modeled: a) for fixed clusters, b) for adaptation of excitation, c) for adaptation of weights and position of clusters, d) for adaptation of weights and cluster configurations. For multivariate calculations, we use the simplified model of MBHMA that we have proposed. Comparison with calculations in Ticra Grasp environment confirmed the correctness of the model. Not only radiation patterns, but also focal spots on the antenna array we calculated to determine the rational composition of cluster elements and the vector of their excitation coefficients. Beams gain within the service area for reflector deformations were the subject of analysis. The studies showed that gain decrease can be reduced to 0.1 … 0.2 dB instead of 1.6 dB taking place without adaptation.


From the birth of certified accountant till now,there are almost three hundreds years of developing history for international accountant practices,and audit technology and management level has reached to mature stage.However,there are only twenty years of history for certified accountant profession in China.With opening up and reforming and joining into WTO,Chinese accountant practices have been facing great challenges in the audit market. This paper introduces mathematical models which simulate the audit market and research the strategies for improving the competitive advantages of practices


In terms of internal coordinates of the bond stretching and bending type, together with a torsional type of coordinate, general formulas for inverse kinetic energy matrix elements have been computed for all 33 possible acyclic configurations involving the given types of coordinates. Tabulations are given both for the general case and for three special cases in which all valence angles of the configuration are assumed to be 90°, 109°28′, and 120°, respectively.


We find the idea that infant crying arises from thermoregulation more consistent with a coregulatory account of its evolutionary history than it is with the informational account advocated in the target article.


In the background of fair value's application in China from 1998 to 2008,this paper studies accounting conservatism of listed companies by Basu's earnings-stock returns relation model and its extended model.The results indicate that,in general,listed companies in China show conditional accounting conservatism,which varies to some extent during different phases of fair value's application.To be exact,accounting conservatism was not obvious in introducing period(from 1998 to 2000);obviating period,except the abnormal year 2006,saw significant accounting conservatism;and in contrast,reapplication period(from 2007 to 2008) saw some fluctuations in accounting conservatism.Besides,the application of fair value would not necessarily lead to a decline in accounting conservatism.


The article addresses the pattern of vertical distribution of the major long-lived man-made radionuclides 137Cs, 241Am, 90Sr and 239+240Pu in soils of the Semipalatinsk Test Site. Areas of different contamination with radionuclides are discussed – places of aboveground nuclear and fusion tests conducted at the 'Experimental Field' site, the fallout in the form of plumes within the Semipalatinsk Test Site, areas of radiological warfare agent tests at the '4А' site, areas of meadow ecosystems associated with radioactively contaminated water streams from test adits of the 'Degelen' testing site, conventionally 'background' areas of the test site, in which no nuclear or fusion tests were conducted. In the course of research, differences were revealed in the vertical distribution of radionuclides of interest in soils of the above areas. Differences are attributed to the pattern of how contamination with radionuclides is formed and to abiotic and biotic factors such as physical and chemical soil properties, moistening conditions, human activity and others. Based upon findings, recommendations were developed, aimed at the optimization of research into the vertical distribution of radionuclides in the soil cover of the former Semipalatinsk test Site. In particular, it was found that when undertaking such research, it was sufficient to confine oneself to dividing a territory by the soil type and restrict the research depth to 30 cm.


Polycrystalline BiFeO3 and Bi(Fe0.95Cr0.05)O3 thin films were deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by chemical solution deposition. Their structural, electrical, and magnetic properties were measured and compared. The prominent splitting around 2θ∼32° for the 104/110 reflections and the resemblance of Raman spectra with BiFeO3 suggests structural invariance upon Cr substitution (≤5%). The surface morphology of the films showed uniform granular grains; roughness and the grain sizes reduced considerably with Cr substitution. In the case of Bi(Fe0.95Cr0.05)O3 thin films, all Raman active modes disappeared at 700 °C suggesting a structural phase transition with the reduced transition temperature compared to pure BFO. The dielectric constant of pure BiFeO3 film is approximately 50 at 1 MHz and it increased to 66 with 5% Cr substitution. The leakage current reduced in Bi(Fe0.95Cr0.05)O3 thin films and the current conduction was due to Poole–Frenkel mechanism compared to the space charge limited current condu...


Background: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) remains a public health concern globally, and menstruating girls in school environments face several challenges which include a lack of adequate, clean, safe, private toilets with water and disposal mechanisms for used menstrual materials, a lack of information, guidance, and support on their changing bodies and insufficient materials for managing monthly menstrual flow. Despite the initiative of several organizations to create awareness and highlight the importance of good MHM, the actual proposed actions to address MHM are still largely underdeveloped Aim: This study aimed at assessing factors associated with MHM practices among secondary school girls in the Lira Sub-County Lira City West division. Method:  A cross-sectional study employing quantitative techniques was done. Data was collected from 312 participants by the use of semi-structured questionnaires. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS version 23.  Result:  Poor menstrual hygiene management practice was 61.5%, and the age of respondents (P-value 0.000, AOR 11.320), (P-value 0.001, AOR 1.882), knowledge about menstruation (P-value 0.000, AOR 12.213), soap and water being available in girls' toilet (P-value 0.001, AOR 0.461)  and MHM being taught at school (P-value 0.014, AOR 1.258), were directly associated with MHM practices with a P value <0.02. Conclusion: High rate of poor MHM practices indicates that school environments were not female-friendly for managing menses safely, thus water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in the schools need urgent solutions.


Introduction: The binasal prongs are used in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to provide nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (n-CPAP) in preterm neonates. A variable degree of nasal trauma is the most common complication of n-CPAP therapy. This can be reduced by use of appropriately sized binasal prongs that are customized to the anatomical measurements of noses. The aim was to estimate the nasal two-dimensional anthropometrical parameters among Indian neonates across different gestations; to compare between both sexes and between neonates with different intra uterine growth status and gestational ages.
Methods: Hundred and one neonates across different gestational ages (24 – 42 weeks) and intrauterine growth status who were admitted to the NICU of a tertiary teaching hospital were enrolled and grouped into five categories based on their gestational ages viz. 37 – 42 weeks, 34 – 36 weeks, 31 – 33 weeks, 28 – 30 weeks, and 24 – 27 weeks. Seven nasal and para-nasal measurements were taken (nostril width, nostril length, columella width, columella length, nose width, nose length and philtrum length) for each neonate using a vernier caliper.
Results: All anthropometrical measurements differed significantly across gestations especially between 37 - 42 and 24 - 27 wks (p = 0.00). Males differed from females only with respect to nostril width (p = 0.032). The measurements varied significantly when compared among small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age and large for gestational age neonates.
 Conclusions: The nasal parameters differed significantly among various GA and intra-uterine growth statuses, which should help design appropriate sizes of bi-nasal prongs.


"Commercialism and Frontier" deals with the historical development of a rural locale during its early settlement-the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the eighteenth century. Mitchell proposes "to examine how the processes of commercialization influence land utilization and social evolution in newly settled areas over time and to evaluate the degree to which the emerging structures and patterns may have been modified by considerations of environmental variation, external political control, and different cultural heritages." Within the confines of this famous migration corridor, Mitchell embarks on his ambitious proposition first by re-creating the essential regional geography of the country between the Potomac and James rivers and then by examining the effects of land acquisition, speculation, and ethnicity on economic development. He gives particular attention to the transformation of the area after 1760 from an extension of the Pennsylvania frontier to a western accession of eastern Virginia. Demography, social stratification, rise of commercial agriculture and manufacturing, emergence of transportation and mercantile linkages, and urbanism are discussed. Mitchell concludes that subsistence was at best a momentary expression of economic activity and "that commercial tendencies were present from the beginnings of permanent settlement and were the most dynamic element in the emerging pioneer economy." The greater part of the book is an elaboration of this central theme, an accounting of its many proofs, and an assessment of its impact on the landscape. Because the Shenandoah Valley is hallowed ground, one of those few places popularly judged critical to American history, Mitchell's efforts will be deservedly well received. The book's obvious strength lies in its detailed application of much new, sometimes thought-provoking information to the examination of this fabled district and its infant economy. At times the reader is overwhelmed by the mind-numbing avalanche of data drawn from almost every conceivable primary and secondary source. Of special value are the illustrations. More than forty maps and tables accompany the text, making visable for the first time many of the regional variations that existed during the frontier period. Scholars spoiled by the richness of nineteenthand twentieth-century records will find a great deal to criticize in this book, for like most students of the colonial era, Mitchell is occasionally forced to unusually heroic feats of inference. Often his wit sustains his interpretations despite inadequate evidence, but sometimes the reader remains unconvinced. The very nature of the statistically dependent approach preferred by the author requires sound numerical analysis, yet the quantity and quality of useful data are admittedly deficient. I suspect that some of the conclusions drawn from accountings of county records may be more precise than accurate. Such unavoidable lapses are made all the more apparent by the book's otherwise scholarly style. Another aspect of this work that will excite both admiration and controversy is Mitchell's attempt to identify general principles governing the settlement process by testing hypotheses of economic development against the realities of frontier Virginia. His synthesis of socioeconomic theory with history and regional geography offers intriguing opportunities to study human behavior but will also elicit criticism from some who would argue that the Shenandoah Valley is ill suited for this task by virtue of its role as a major western thoroughfare. "Commercialism and Frontier" is an ambitious book. All things considered, it is a successful one. Mitchell has produced a volume essential both to students of frontier and colonial history and to those who simply want to know more about western Virginia. A sometimes controversial work that will be frequently cited in ensuing years, the book is worth reading and buying.-WILLIAM A. BOWEN conomic form, the town, and that the process was similar in each of five separate plac s. hether the book will be succe sful in appealing to wide audience is more debatable.-EDIN DORAN JR.


The Cuban Revolution has been a revolution of significant occurrences, many of which have already been extensively discussed and analysed by academics, political commentators and journalists. One important aspect of the Revolution, however, which hasn't received extensive study to date has been the emphasis in Cuba since 1966 on the use of moral incentives in the economic sphere. The work that has been done has largely been economic in emphasis in many cases peripheral to a main analysis-' and, unfortunately little use has been made of a sociological perspective. The object of this paper will be to go beyond a consideration of the immediate economic, social and political implications or successes of the Cuban emphasis on moral incentives firstly, because the time scale is still too short to allow any meaningful conclusions to be drawn; and secondly, because there is still insufficient data available for analysis Instead, I will attempt to suggest new bases for analysis within a sociological framework that will perhaps permit a fuller understanding of the implications of the use of moral in-


Objective To investigate the pathological and immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Methods Thirty-six cases of GIST were studied by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.The expressions of CD34, CD117,vimentin, SMA, NSE and S-100 protein were detected with S-P immunohistochemical method. Results The neoplastic cells of GIST were mainly spindle, epithelioid, or both, which arranged in bunch, fence, vortex or nest. Among 36 cases, 12 were benign, 10 malignant and 14 borderline lesions. The positive rats of CD117 and CD114 were 94.4% and 80.5%,respectively.The expression of vimetin ,SMA and S-100 in GIST was positive when neoplastic cells differentiated towards smooth muscle or nerve. Conclusions The neoplastic cells of GIST are spindle or epitheloid. Histostructures vary a lot, but immunophenotypes are all the same. CD117 and CD34 may be taken as the markers in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of GIST.


This paper introduces the Hybrid Decision Tree with Harmony Search (HDT-HS) optimization algorithm to improve the rate of accuracy for the decision tree algorithm so as to apply it to DNA data sets. The hybridization includes operating the decision tree method after the Improvisation step of the harmony search algorithm in order to navigate for several solutions at the same time. This is to improve the accuracy of the final results for the decision tree. The results show that the hybrid algorithm achieved better accuracy of about 96.73% compared to classifier algorithms such as Nave (94.8%), MBBC (95.99%); optimization algorithms such as bagging (94.5%) and boosting (94.7%); hybrid decision tree with genetic algorithm (70.7%) and another version from the decision tree such as C4.5 (94.3%) and PCL (94.4%).


We present systematically ab-initio calculations for defect energies of 3d and 4sp impurities (ScGe) in Fe. The calculations are based on the Generalized-Gradient-Approximation in the density-functional formalism and the full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (FPKKR) Green's function method. First we examine the distance dependence, from the 1st- to the 10th-neighbors, of the impurity-impurity (II; I = ScGe) interaction energies (Eint) and show that for most cases, the 1st-neighboring II interaction energies (E 1) are dominant. We found that fundamental features of phase diagrams of Fe-based binary alloys, such as segregation, solid solution and order, known experimentally, may be classified by use of the sign and magnitude of E 1. Second we discuss the calculated results for the 1st- and 2nd-neighboring interaction energies of 3d and 4sp impurities with perturbed-angular-correlation (PAC)-probe Sn in Fe. The comparison of the calculated results with available experimental results shows that the observed attraction for SnCo, SnNi and SnCu may be understood by the 1st-neighboring interaction energies of these impurity pairs, while the obsreved repulsion for SnGa, and SnGe by the 2nd-neighboring interaction energies of these impurity pairs. We also discuss the magnetism of single impurities X (= ScCu) in Fe. The anti-parallel coupling to the bulk magnetization of the neighboring Fe atoms is stable for ScMn, while the parallel coupling for FeCu. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2013176]


A simple formulation is established for the determination of vibration characteristics of pre-twisted beams by the matrix displacement method. An important point in the analysis is the assumption of complete polynomial displacement distribution in the principal directions. In particular, two twisted elements which employ quintic polynomials are introduced and used in the calculation of natural frequencies of pre-twisted beams for several boundary conditions. The results demonstrate rapid convergence.


It was reported that, on cooling, ARS undergoes a first-order transition from a paraelectric commensurate phase to a ferroelectric incommensurate phase. The present paper presumes the low-temperature phase to be semicommensurate, and constructs a theory of the prototypic-to-semicommensurate first-order transition. The free energy function contains term Q *5 ∂ x Q - Q 5 ∂ x Q * , which is responsible for the mentioned transition. Its effect can be greater when the first-order transition is of "type II" than when of "type I"; hence type II is assumed (what these types mean is explained). A sufficient condition for the semicommensurate phase to outrival the commensurate ferroic and onefold incommensurate phases in succeeding the prototypic phase is found out and numerically examined. The prototypic-to-semicommensurate transition is definitely possible.


In this study a trickling filter system was developed by using polypropylene media and polypropylene nylon media that has recently been developed. The experiment analyzed an ability of water purification of the two plastic media and the effects of biomass on the final effluence. As recycling ratio increased, polypropylene nylon suspender showed higher efficiency by 20%; and when media height was lengthened two times, the efficiency increased by about 10%. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biomass increased in proportion to the increase of recycling ratio, and bound-TOC showed a similar trend with bound-EPS concentration.


The utility model relates to an electric cutting torch lifting device of a numerical control cutting machine, which comprises a connecting bracket, a sliding rod, a rack, a driving gear, a cutting torch and a cutting torch clamping piece, wherein the sliding rod capable of lifting up and down is inserted and connected in a chuck at the right end of the connecting bracket; the cutting torch is connected at the lower end of the sliding rod by the cutting torch clamping piece; a motor is fixedly arranged at the rear side of the connecting bracket; a motor shaft passes through the connecting bracket and is connected with the driving gear; and the driving gear is meshed with the rack matched on the sliding rod. The utility model adopts the motor to drive the cutting torch connected at the lower end of the sliding rod to lift, and has the advantages of rapid lifting speed, convenient intelligent control and the like.


Purpose – This paper seeks to show the effect of using nanofluid on mixed convection heat transfer in a horizontal tube.Design/methodology/approach – Three‐dimensional elliptic governing equation has been solved using finite volume approach. Grid independence test has been performed to find the suitable grids. Obtained numerical results have been validated with the available experimental and numerical results in the literature. Parametric study has been done to see the effects of Reynolds number, Grashof number and volume fraction of the nanoparticles on the hydrodynamic and thermal parameters in a horizontal tube.Findings – The nanoparticles volume fraction does not have a direct effect on the secondary flow and the skin friction coefficient. However, its effect on the entire fluid temperature causes the strength of the secondary flow to reduce. For a given Grashof number, increasing the particles' concentration augments convective heat transfer coefficient. It does not have a significant effect on the s...


This study investigated the financial sector policies and economic growth link in Nigeria with a focus more on the insurance sub-sector. The study adopted the time series research design, where data for evaluation covering the period 2010 to 2018 were obtained from several editions of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Gross capital formation, total insurance premium and total insurance investment were used to represent financial sector policies, while gross domestic product was used as proxy for economic growth. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression technique assisted by E-views 10 software. The study found that gross capital formation and total insurance investment were significantly related to gross domestic product, while total insurance premium had insignificant effect on GDP. Also, gross capital formation and total insurance premium had negative effect on GDP, but total insurance investment was positively related to GDP. The study concluded that financial sector policies made statistically substantial contribution to the growth of the Nigerian economy with a coefficient of determination and probability of F-statistics values of 0.99246 and 0.00001 (less than 0.05 level of significance) respectively. It is therefore recommended that the regulatory authorities should put in place policies to make it attractive for Nigerians to patronize insurance business as this would translate to increased insurance investment and further result to growth of the Nigerian economy since insurance investment was found to have positive link with gross domestic product.


Production alliances are on the rise in the chemical industry, and nowhere is this more the case than in acrylic acid, where three manufacturing ventures are either starting up or getting ready to do so. Following receipt of government approvals, Rohm and Haas and Degussa-Huls' Stockhausen subsidiary say they have formally established StoHaas Monomer, a joint venture for the production of acrylic acid. The deal was first announced in June 1999. By the time the venture is fully operational by year's end, each company will have contributed 365 million lb per year of existing acrylic acid capacity—Rohm and Haas in the U.S. and Stockhausen in Germany. The venture will add 220 million lb of capacity to the German plant in 2003. StoHaas is also planning an acrylic acid plant in Brazil, where the partners are pursuing access to the necessary raw material, propylene. Acrylic acid, a fast-growing monomer used to make superabsorbent ...


AIM
To build up the research models of hepatic fibrosis in mice.

METHODS
Inbred wild-type FVB/N mice were either treated with alpha-naphthyl-isothiocyanate (ANIT), allyl alcohol (AA), carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), and silica, or subjected to common bile duct ligation (CBDL) to induce hepatic injury. Liver biopsies were performed every 4 wk to evaluate hepatic fibrosis over a period of 6 mo. Cumulative cirrhosis and survival curves were constructed by life table method and compared with Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS
Under the dosages used, there was neither mortality nor cirrhosis in AA and silica-treated groups. DDC and ANIT caused cirrhosis within 4-12 and 12-24 wk, respectively. Both showed significantly faster cirrhosis induction at high dosages without significant alteration of survival. The duration for cirrhosis induction by CCl(4) ranged from 4 to 20 wk, mainly dependent upon the dosage. However, the increase in CCl(4) dosage significantly worsened survival. Intraperitoneal CCl(4) administration resulted in better survival in comparison with gavage administration at high dosage, but not at medium and low dosages. After CBDL, all the mice developed liver cirrhosis within 4-8 wk and then died by the end of 16 wk.

CONCLUSION
CBDL and administrations of ANIT, CCl(4), and DDC ensured liver cirrhosis. CBDL required the least amount of time in cirrhosis induction, but caused shortened lives of mice. It was followed by DDC and ANIT administration with favorable survival. As for CCl(4), the speed of cirrhosis induction and the mouse survival depended upon the dosages and the administration route.


The flood peak is commonly estimated using the rational method for the design of hydraulic structures. The method is mainly used in a deterministic context. However, there is often uncertainty in flood predictions, which should be incorporated in the design of mitigation schemes. This research proposes a methodology to cope with uncertainty in the rational method via the application of a stochastic framework. Data from 158 storms, recorded in the period 1984–1987 in 19 subbasins in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia, were used to implement the proposed methodology. A tri-variate log-normal probability density function was used to model the joint relationship between the rational method parameters. The model considered the parameters as random variables. The uncertainty in the rainstorms was represented by intensity or depth; the uncertainty in basin delineation (due to the use of different digital elevation model resolution) was represented by the basin area; and the uncertainty in the land use/land cover was represented by the runoff coefficient. The Monte Carlo method was used to generate realizations of the peak flow and runoff volume with 95% and 99% confidence levels from the input parameters. Although the correlation between the parameters was weak, the model was capable of simulating the rational model parameters and estimating the peak flow and runoff volume relatively well, and the generated realizations fell within the confidence levels, except for a few marginal cases. The model can be used to generate peak flows and the associated confidence limits in ungauged basins from the statistics of the input parameters using the equations developed in this study.


Makyoh topography is an optical method for the study of the large-scale morphology of mirror-like surfaces. Formulas are derived for the two basic parameters, the camera length and the field of view of Makyoh instruments. The relation between these parameters and the sensitivity are established. The formulas allow the proper design and setting of Makyoh instruments. Different types of Makyoh instruments are compared.


A class of pseudocyclic multilevel double error correcting codes is described, and examples of 5-level and 7-level codes are given. These codes are maximum distance separable and share the mathematical structure of cyclic codes.


In order to evaluate the resistance of Dayecaoying to crown gall disease,pot seedlings were used as test materials via artificial inoculation,mainly to A.tumefaciens Conn and A.rhizogenes Conn.The results showed that Dayecaoying was excellent germplasm resource resisting to crown gall disease.At 60 days after inoculation,the disease index of Dayecaoying to A.tumefaciens Conn was 23.65,while it was 18.63 to A.rhizogenes Conn.According to the resistance evaluation standard to Crown gall disease,it moderately resisted to A.tumefaciens Conn and was separated into 5 types of disease resistance,including being immune,highly resistant,moderately resistant,low resistant and susceptible with corresponding percentages of 32.69%,31.73%,24.04%,7.69% and 3.85% respectively.And it was highly resisted to A.rhizogenes Conn and was divided into 3 types of disease resistance according to the evaluation standard with corresponding percentages of 16.67 %,73.53% and 9.80% respectively.


The experimentally determined growth rate power dependence of plasma‐enhanced chemical‐vapor‐deposited amorphous silicon was compared with the predicted dependence for the case when the SiH3 radicals are the dominant contributors to film growth. The higher experimental growth rate compared to its calculated value can be explained by the influence of Si2H6 produced in the discharge. The maximum of the growth rate was found to be around 50 mW/cm3 . The decrease of the growth rate at powers exceeding 50 mW/cm3 can be explained by the increased influence of hydrogen, which is consistent with the measurements of the refractive index of the deposited films.


With regard to the condition in which venture capitalist interferes with risk project and the choice of a corresponding optimal contract,three contract forms including bond,common stock and convertible preference stock are studied on the basis of enterprise capital structure theory.A contract model at 3 moment series is then built.Results show that the participation of the risk capitalist in the decision-making of the project is close related to the participation cost and the loss of entrepreneur's controling rights and interests.But the contract form has a siginificant influence on the intervention of decision-making.It is concluded that convertible preference stock is a superior venture capital contract form.


The consumption rate of leaf litter by Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta) was studied from April through May 1981, on a Michigan woodland floodplain. Feeding chambers containing earthworms and leaf litter, which excluded soil microfauna, were placed on the floodplain. After 4 weeks, earthworms consumed leaves equivalent in amount to 93.87o of the total annual leaf fall. The mean consumption rate was 11.0 mg dry weight leaves g-1 live weight earthworms d-1 for a 4-week period with a maximum rate of 14.3 mg. The consumption rate of leaf litter by L. terrestris reported herein was similar to rates reported in other studies. INTRODUCTION Few studies have been conducted on the role of soil macroinvertebrates in leaf litter breakdown in wetland areas, particularly floodplains. It has been hypothesized that a woodland floodplain may serve as a temporary storage area for detritus such as leaf litter before it enters the stream or river (Merritt and Lawson, 1979; Cummins, 1980). In a Michigan woodland floodplain, Merritt and Lawson (1979) found that several groups of macroinvertebrates were involved in leaf litter breakdown (e.g., Gastropoda, Isopoda, Insecta, Diplopoda); however, earthworms appeared to be the most important group. The importance of earthworms in leaf litter degradation is welldocumented for several types of forest and agricultural lands (Kurcheva, 1960; Raw, 1962; Edwards and Heath, 1963; Van Rhee, 1963; Satchell, 1967; Edwards and Lofty, 1972; Lofty, 1974); however, less is known about their importance in floodplain soils. The objective of this study was to determine the rate at which Lumbricus terrestris (Linn.) consumed leaf litter in a Michigan woodland floodplain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research was conducted on a point bar of the Augusta Creek floodplain located in the W. K. Kellogg Research Forest (Kalamazoo Co.), southwestern Michigan. At this location, Augusta Creek is a third-order channel (ca. 10 m width, 0.7 m depth). The floodplain is heavily forested and contains numerous species. Some of the major tree and shrub species are black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh.), green ash (F. pennsylvania Marsh.), basswood (Tilia americana L.), dogwood (Cornus spp.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.). The dominant lowland herbaceous vegetation consists of jewelweed (Impatiens capensis Meerb.), wood nettle (Laporta canadensis (L.) Wedd.), running strawberry (Euonymus obovatus Nutt.), skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt.) and iris sp. The soil of the point bar is poorly drained Adrian muck (Terric Medisaprist) which has high soil moisture and organic content most of the year. Green ash leaves were collected from the ground in early spring, air-dried and weighed in 10-g packs. A 3 m2 experimental plot, dominated by skunk cabbage, was chosen for its homogenous composition. In each of six rows, six holes were dug (27 cm apart, 18 cm deep) in the plot. The excavated soil was hand-sorted to remove large debris and steam heated to 55 C for 30 min to eliminate soil fauna. Thirty-six perforated plastic feeding chambers (22 cm high x 20 cm diam), each lined with 50 ,tm


A novel, remarkably simple semianalytical method for average error-rate evaluation over slowly fading channels is presented. Assume that an error-rate curve conditioned on the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio at the detector input is known either analytically or can be estimated at a few points by a computer simulation. In the first step, a sum of the first-order exponentials is fitted to the conditional error-rate curve. The curve fitting by a sum of exponentials is well-known in many areas of data processing as Prony approximation. A universal numerical algorithm to find the parameters of Prony approximation is developed. In the second step, knowledge of the moment generating function of the signal-to-noise ratio is required to obtain an average error-rate. Hence, the proposed method can be shown to be an extension of the moment generating function method. The method is illustrated on an example of average bit-error rate evaluation for M-ary phase-shift keying over a generalized Ricean fading and over correlated multichannel Rayleigh fading with maximum ratio combining.


Abstract The purpose of research is to develop the technique of analytical processing of big data of services and applications in the new generation communication networks to detect cybersecurity incidents and build sustainable protection systems based on adversarial machine learning. The methods of research: Analysis of modern methods of machine learning and neural network technologies, synthesis and formalization of algorithms for adversarial attacks on machine learning models. Scientific novelty: a technique for analytical processing of emulated data of services and applications for detecting cybersecurity incidents is presented, which provides a groundwork in the field of research into the security issues of complex intelligent services and applications in the infrastructure of wireless networks of the next generation. The result of research: The article proposes a technique of building a sustainable protection system against adversarial attacks in wireless ad hoc networks of the next generation. The main types of adversarial attacks, including poisoning attacks and evasion attacks, are formalized, and methods for generating adversarial examples on tabular, textual, and visual data are described. Several scenarios were generated and exploratory analysis of datasets was carried out using the DeepMIMO emulator. Potential application problems of binary classification and prediction of signal attenuation between a user and a base station for adversarial attacks are presented. The algorithmization of the processes of building and training a sustainable protection system against adversarial attacks in wireless networks of the next generation is presented on the example of emulated data


Dark energy does not exist! I discovered Big Bang and Big Crunch oscillation from Ferent wall. The majority of Dark matter is the core of supermassive black holes. Our Milky Way galaxy will be absorbed by a supermassive black hole from Ferent universe.


We obtain a general form for the parameters of multivariable PID controllers by Maclaurin series expansion of the simple feedback form of a multivariable IMC controller. The IMC controller is designed to provide decoupled control, and is tuned either to accommodate modeling uncertainties using multivariable Mp tuning, or to get the best possible PID responses. Application of the multivariable PID controllers to simulations of three distillation models found in the literature indicates that the controllers perform as well or better than those obtained using existing methods.


GPR109A (HM74A in humans and PUMA‐G in mice) has been recently identified as a nicotinic acid (NA) receptor and to mediate the anti‐lipolytic effect of NA. In order to clarify the mechanism of NA‐induced flushing cutaneous blood flow was determined in the mouse ear using laser‐Doppler flowmetry. Intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg NA resulted in a transient biphasic increase in blood flow, which started within 2 min after administration and was not accompanied by any measurable change in blood pressure. Mice lacking the PUMA‐G receptor did not show the flushing response. NA‐induced flushing was also abrogated in the absence of cyclooxygenase‐1. In addition, NA‐induced flushing remained unaltered in prostacyclin receptor deficient mice but reduced significantly in mice lacking the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors. Northern blot analysis showed that PUMA‐G is expressed in the external ear and RT‐PCR revealed expression of PUMA‐G in dendritic cells of the ear skin. Finally, we tested whether bone marrow transplantation to PUMA‐G‐deficient animals may rescue the flushing response. Three months after transplantation PUMA‐G‐/‐ mice, which had received wild type bone marrow, started to show flushing in response to NA. Our data clearly indicate that the NA‐receptor on bone marrow derived cells mediates NA‐induced flushing, and that this effect involves release of PGD2 and PGE2 most likely from immune cells of the skin.


This paper argues for employee primacy in corporate governance. "Employee primacy" has two elements: ultimate employee control over the corporation, and an objective function of maximizing employee welfare. In methodology, the argument draws upon both economics, but understood more broadly than in most corporate law scholarship, and upon civic republican ideas. The paper presents four different arguments favoring employee primacy. (1) Employee primacy is likely to create the most surplus within the corporation due to incentive effects and the wealth of information that employees possess. (2) Corporations characterized by employee primacy are more likely to be socially responsible, and hence generate fewer negative externalities, than corporations characterized by shareholder primacy. (3) Employee primacy will lead to a more egalitarian distribution of wealth and political power. (4) Employee primacy will produce citizens better fit to participate within a political democracy.


In this essay I seek to understand why many of the 2011 Occupy Wall Street protestors embraced Bartleby, the dysfunctional scrivener of Melville's Story of Wall Street, as a fellow traveler in their movement. I first situate Bartleby the Scrivener in the context of classical legal thought, expanding on some claims put forward in a seminal article on Bartleby by Brook Thomas in the 1980s. I then argue that Melville's scrivener suffered from a psychic and political condition I call "consensual dysphoria." Bartleby suffered from consensual dysphoria in extremis. The OWSers recognized this—thus their otherwise inexplicable empathic bond with him. Consensual dysphoria, as depicted by Melville and as suffered by Bartleby, I will urge, is a part of the debilitating legacy of classical legal thought that persists today, and in an even more developed and exaggerated form.


Radiation-induced synthesis provides many advantages over other conventional methods of synthesis such as- minimal use of potentially toxic chemicals as reducing agents, facile synthesis, simple reaction scheme, rapid or less time consuming, dose-dependent morphology etc. It is carried out in aqueous solution which minimizes the use of organic solvents hence, tedious separation, purification and characterization process is avoided. The radiation-induced synthesis involved both high energy radiation i.e. electron beam and gamma rays (radiation-chemical methods) and low energy radiation i.e. UV photons (photochemical method). In the radiation-chemical method, reducing radicals are generated by the interaction of primary products of radiolysis of water (H•, OH•, eaq−) with the solute molecules, whereas in photochemical method, reducing radicals are generated by direct photoexcitation of solute molecule and H atom abstraction. In this article, we reviewed the mechanistic perspective involved in the synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles i.e. - CdSe by using the radiation chemical and photochemical methods, discussed tuning of their optical properties and morphology via changing the precursor concentration, dose, dose rate and nature of reducing radicals.


This paper describe the method and circuit diagram for detection of fast eye movements.The present work aimed to actual hardware circuit implementation of detection of fast horizontal eye movements.


Culture may shape and fashion attitudes and responses to health and sickness in any society regardless of the level of sophistication. An awareness of the ways in which culture can do this is important in promoting health in the community and in understanding disease processes. Thus it should be studied by all members of the health team if some of the obstacles on the road to "health for all by the year 2000" are not to prove insurmountable. Culture is concerned with the broad structure and development of a society and where culture is concerned the health worker must come to grips with a subject much wider than a few traditional habits relating to disease. Various customs may accompany pregnancy childbirth and weaning to ensure successful reproduction and to protect the life of mother and infant. The prolonged breastfeeding practiced in some societies is possibly the best example of a cultural habit that may serve to protect infants since early weaning can lead to acute undernutrition with a mortality rate high enough to threaten the future of the society. Sickness introduces a totally new element into any society. It threatens people and may lead to death. Attitudes and practices toward the sick reflect a societys understanding and interpretation of the causes of disease. In some societies the sick are isolated and no one takes care of them. Even if a patient is not neglected the form of treatment he/she receives is usually derived from the societys ideas about the supposed cause of his/her illness. Most cultures have a system for dealing with the sick but it may be one that generates further disease. Although cultures may be changing the changes may be limited to peripheral beliefs and practices while those that are central to the society are tenaciously maintained. Any health program may fail if it is seen to be challenging beliefs or practices that are central to the societys culture. When a new form of health care is introduced to a society with an established culture it offers an alternative to traditional ideas about disease and its treatment. Whether people will choose the new or the old will demonstrate their basic beliefs and hopes. They will soon learn which modern treatment is effective and which is apparently ineffective or slow in producing results making use of the new system only for a limited range of defined disorders. A modern health care system must choose the practices that are not harmful and are at the same time related to traditional ideas.


Four former students presented papers at the Barbara 0' Connell, with Daughter Molly and Son Dylan (in Utero), at the Hamalainen Finnish Cemetery Site meetings, and I derived great pleasure and professional satisfaction in the intellectual growth and emerging professionalism of each one.


In any new tumor dataset, there is a risk that our cell type marker genes will fail to measure their putative cell types due to unexpected biology like tumor-intrinsic expression. Fortunately, the same coexpression patterns we used to validate our genes in TCGA can be applied to confirm their marker-like behavior in a new dataset. We use the below algorithm to identify and remove poorly-performing marker genes in new datasets.


Preface Indian Health Service: Health Care Delivery, Status, Funding, and Legislative Issues Indian Reserved Water Rights: An Overview Native American Graves Protection and Pepatriation Act (NAGPRA): Legal and Legislative Developments Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act Contracts and Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma v. Leavitt: Agency Discretion to Fund Contract Support Costs Native American Issues in the 109th Congress Indian Gaming Regulatory Act: Gaming on Newly Acquired Lands State Regulation of Tribal Lands in New York: City of Sherill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York The Bureau of Indian Affairs' Process for Recognising Groups as Indian Tribes Application of Campaign Finance Law to Indian Tribes Index.


The design of new products is an important engineering activity, and much of the competitiveness in high-salary countries depends on the ability to develop innovative products with acceptable time ...


Gross domestic product as an indicator of wealth and therefore quality of life have long been criticised. GDP places too much emphasis on consumption and ignores wealth distribution. Importantly it also takes no account of environmental issues. This article considers the development of an integrated environmental sustainability index and its application in the case of the Czech Republic.


Measurement of water content by the gravimetric method is the most valid at this time. Nevertheless, the energy consumption of the oven is very high. This is caused by its use which only uses one until three samples in one measurement. Therefore an oven which is more suitable for this need is called a mini-oven. The mini oven will be equipped with a mechanism to measure the weight of the sample during heating. Which one of barrier in designing the oven is to uniformity the temperature of the oven chamber. So that, the purpose of this study is to optimize the uniform temperature of the mini-oven via computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach. In this work, engineering drawings from mini-oven ware represented as a scenario and provided simulation data. The strategy consisted of 3-D CFD simulations at different temperatures and geometrical variants of the internal baffle plate. Results proved that the baffle plate geometry has not exerted significant an important temperature influence in the reduction of the non-uniformity for temperature.


Industrial energy management includes the fuel procurement, production, conservation, and efficient use of utilities such as steam, electricity, compressed air, and water. Steam is the underpinning utility and has the greatest economic impact. The efficient production and delivery of quality steam directly affects the cost of the other utilities as well as the manufacturing process. Utilities are rarely looked upon as a source of corporate profit, especially in times of double-digit expansion. They typically represent only 3 to 11 percent of manufacturing cost and are perceived as an unavoidable cost. However, in an era of heightened global manufacturing competition and worldwide reallocation of natural resources, utilities are recognized as a variable cost that can be a major cost savings opportunity and a strategic contributor to corporate profit. This article will discuss the economic justifications for boiler control, a methodology to identify and address energy savings, case studies of successful energy management projects, and an overview of possible control and optimization solutions.


1. In this study, the mechanisms involved in the release of neurotensin‐like immunoreactivity (NTLI) by glucose were investigated with the isolated, vascularly perfused rat jejunoileum preparation. 2. Luminal infusion of glucose (1‐250 mM) produced a sharp and sustained release of NTLI in the intestinal venous effluent. The first significant response was observed with 5 mM glucose and the release reached a maximum under 250 mM glucose with a plateau secretion at 500% of basal. 3. There was no significant difference in the ability of galactose and 3‐O‐methylglucose to release NTLI when compared to glucose, but alpha‐methylglucose, mannose, 2‐deoxyglucose and fructose did not stimulate NTLI release. 4. Luminal infusion of 5 mM phloridzin reduced the glucose‐induced release of NTLI by 90%. Intra‐arterial infusion of glucose (25 mM) or of phloretin (20 microM) had no significant effect on the glucose‐evoked NTLI secretion. 5. Intra‐arterial infusion of ouabain (1 mM) produced a dramatic increase (at about 1500% of basal) in portal NTLI although it drastically reduced intestinal absorption of glucose. 6. Intra‐arterial infusion of tetrodotoxin (1 microM), atropine (10 microM), verapamil (50 microM) or nifedipine (50 microM) did not modify the glucose‐induced NTLI secretion. 7. Intra‐arterial infusion of forskolin (2‐20 microM) evoked a prompt and well‐sustained secretion of NTLI which was increased to a mean value of 800% of basal with the highest dose tested. 3‐Isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX, 10‐100 microM) also stimulated the secretion of NTLI (maximal increase at 725% of basal at 100 microM). In contrast, intra‐arterial infusion of 4‐beta‐phorbol 12‐myristate, 13‐acetate (PMA, 0.05‐0.5 microM) had no effect on NTLI release. 8. IBMX (10‐100 microM) synergistically enhanced NTLI responses induced by 250 mM glucose; the integrated response of NTLI release was 3‐ to 5‐fold higher than the sum of individual responses produced by the same stimulants given separately. 9. It is concluded that the carbohydrate‐induced NTLI release is related to the active, sodium‐dependent hexose transport, but not to the carbohydrate catabolic pathway. Furthermore, the intramural nerves and L‐type calcium channels are not involved in the glucose‐induced NTLI secretion. Finally, the secretory activity of the intestinal N cell seems to be mainly stimulated through a cAMP‐dependent pathway.


An application of association rules mining method for the discovery of associations in abnormal quantitative health data for inadequately controlled severe allergic Asthma treated by Omazulimab is presented. To the best of authors' knowledge, no formal approaches have ever been used for extraction of association rules among dysfunctional elements in Spirometry datasets. Initially is provided an explanation of the procedures used for diagnosing inadequately controlled severe allergic Asthma. Following this, it is conducted critical evaluation of well-known 'association rule' mining techniques, in order to identify the one with the best utility for discovery of associations among abnormal elements of Spirometry datasets. Apriori Algorithm is applied to real-life Spirometry datasets to illustrate the contribution of application of association rule mining techniques. This revealed the existence of association rules among dysfunctional Spirometry elements for this disease. Moreover it has been identified that this disease is provoked by association of Spirometry elements that do not function properly as these are provided by Spirometer. This is translated in human factors as a dysfunction of small and medium airways of patients'. Furthermore Spirometry element FEV1, is not as valuable parameter as the European Medical Agency supports. Finally it has been observed that Omazulimab treatment improves respiratory function and makes the connection among associated elements weaker.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of TPC chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer.Methods Data of 74 patients with advanced ovarian cancer were analysed retrospectively. Patients were randomized to receive TPC chemotherapy (treatment group) and conventional chemotherapy (control group).Results The effectiveness of TPC chemotherapy was significant better than conventional chemotherapy (P0.05).Conclusion TPC chemotherapy has an excellent therapeutic effect on advanced ovarian cancer, toxicity is slight, patients' tolerance is good.


T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasms are aggressive haematological malignancies which mainly develop in children but can also affect adults. The molecular basis of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is not fully understood. In consequence, there is a lack of robust and reliable prognostic markers, thus hindering the achievement of better results in the clinic. The role of FADD in cancer is controversial, probably due to its dual role in apoptosis and other non-apoptotic functions such as proliferation and cell cycle control. Moreover, it seems that these non-canonical functions depend on FADD phosphorylation and subcellular location. Despite FADD having a relevant role in T cells, alterations affecting its expression and phosphorylation are not completely unveiled in haematological cancers. In the present work, we show that T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cells exhibit a significant reduction of FADD, both in mouse and human. The proteomic approach indicates that FADD reduction in tumour T cells impacts on mitochondrial processes as well as in the regulation of messenger RNA processing and maturation. However, apoptosis impairment due to FADD reduction is probably the main FADD-mediated oncogenic event in T-LBL tumour cells. Nevertheless, the phosphorylation status of the remaining FADD protein is capable of shaping its non-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylated FADD is significantly reduced as well in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Even though, phosphorylated FADD is more stable and more prone to be nuclear. There, it would be prevented from participating in death receptors- mediated apoptosis and it would favour tumour cell proliferation. Interestingly, we have determined that the level of FADD phosphorylation can provide the basis for patient stratification. Higher levels of phosphorylated FADD in the tumour significantly correlate with shorter survival times in mice and with worse clinical prognosis in human patients. This supports that FADD phosphorylation status may serve as a predictor for aggressiveness and tumour outcome. In summary, we propose FADD phosphorylation as a new biomarker with prognostic value in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.


Abstract Two experiments were conducted using a total of 4,320 day-old bobwhite quail chicks to evaluate bird responses when exposed to different colors and intensities of brooder attractant lights. Attractant lights were operated constantly and were part of the quartz bar/radiant heat brooder installed in each brooding pen. Treatments consisted of brooder attractant lights as follows: 7.5 watt incandescent red bulb (7.5 W/R); 7.5 watt incandescent white bulb (7.5 W/W); 15.0 watt incandescent white bulb (15.0 W/W). The use of white bulbs resulted in higher 21-day body weights than the use of red bulbs in both experiments. Results for feed consumption and feed conversion indicated less feed wastage and better feed conversion by chicks brooded with 7.5 W/W and 15.0 W/W compared to 7.5 W/R attractant light bulbs. In general, white bulb color improved the effectiveness of brooder attractant lights for use with bobwhite quail.


Experienced doodlers know that the graph of a function can wiggle tightly around, while not departing far from, a given smooth curve. And anyone who suffers from motion sickness is painfully aware of the violent accelerations and decelerations a callous cabby can accomplish at low speeds in crowded city traffic. These examples, one geometrical and one physical, are expressions of the mathematical fact that uniformly close functions need not have uniformly close derivatives. An example from elementary calculus of extreme behavior of the derivative is provided by the function


For years, the Social Norm Theory has failed to give a brief and clear definition of morality that reveals its essential properties. Instead, it, based on moral phenomena, mistook some phenomena and non-essential properties of morality as the essential properties, thus leading to the contradictions in its definition. The main social and historical factors resulting in this deflection were: the influence of the former Soviet Union ethnic research and the restriction of China's past economic system as well as the limited rationality of mankind. Morality is a practical spirit and a kind of character revealed and testified by man's willing behavior on interest of itself and others. And this new definition of morality can be called as the "Subject Character Theory".


Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an essential task for machines to understand human speech for better interactions. However, errors from the automatic speech recognizer (ASR) usually hurt the understanding performance. In reality, ASR systems may not be easy to adjust for the target scenarios. Therefore, this paper focuses on learning utterance representations that are robust to ASR errors using a contrastive objective, and further strengthens the generalization ability by combining supervised contrastive learning and self-distillation in model fine-tuning. Experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.


We propose a new method for image colorization to overcome problems including heavy computation load,poor quality,and excessive human intervention.We choose rectangular blocks from various color images using segmentation and clustering,and calculate color histograms and texture feature points of the blocks.We then build a database by comparing similarity of the blocks based on the color histograms,and find the best matching in terms of the Euclidean distance between the target gray-scale blocks and the source color blocks.Having constructed databases of four kinds of image blocks,tree,sky,sand and grass,the target gray image can be colorized using the block database without human intervention.


Sensitive Information Retrieval (CSIR) is quite a challenging issue because of the complexities involved in the process from semantics and ontology to the huge amount of processing capacity required to make it possible in real time. Understanding the semantic gap (where context is neglected) plays a major role in elimination false positives and improving the true positives in the information retrieval process. With big data becoming ubiquitous due to the volume, velocity and variety of data being presented and analysed in almost all the domains today, context sensitive analysis and interpretation of big data becomes important. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the existing techniques for big data analysis based on massively parallel processing techniques like GPGPUs (CUDA), Hadoop Map- Reduce and also Data Warehousing. This paper presents a discussion about the datasets that are available for research and also the applications that could be thought of by context sensitive analysis of social media data. Also this paper provides research directions for context sensitive information retrieval and sentiment analysis in big data based on massively parallel processing architecture.


The angular-diameter distance D A of a galaxy cluster can be measured by combining its X-ray emission with the cosmic microwave background fluctuation due to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. The application of this distance indicator usually assumes that the cluster is spherically symmetric, the gas is distributed according to the isothermal β-model, and the X-ray temperature is an unbiased measure of the electron temperature. We test these assumptions with galaxy clusters extracted from an extended set of cosmological N-body/hydrodynamical simulations of a A cold dark matter concordance cosmology, which include the effect of radiative cooling, star formation and energy feedback from supernovae. We find that, due to the temperature gradients which are present in the central regions of simulated clusters, the assumption of isothermal gas leads to a significant underestimate of D A . This bias is efficiently corrected by using the polytropic version of the β-model to account for the presence of temperature gradients. In this case, once irregular clusters are removed, the correct value of D A is recovered with a ∼5 per cent accuracy on average, with a ∼20 per cent intrinsic scatter due to cluster asphericity. This result is valid when using either the electron temperature or a spectroscopic-like temperature. Instead When using the emission-weighted definition for the temperature of the simulated clusters, D A is biased low by ∼20 per cent. We discuss the implications of our results for an accurate determination of the Hubble constant H 0 and of the density parameter Ω m . We find that, at least in the case of ideal (i.e. noiseless) X-ray and SZ observations extended out to r 500 , H 0 can be potentially recovered with exquisite precision, while the resulting estimate of Ω m , which is unbiased, has typical errors ΔΩ m ≃ 0.05.


In the past few years, there have been dramatic advances in the field of radiology—in technology, in contrast agents, and in therapeutic procedures. The new computed tomography and magnetic resonance technology will permit new imaging protocols to be used, thus revolutionizing how the radiologist images the liver. Likewise, advances in both computed tomography and magnetic resonance contrast agents will aid in lesion localization and increase diagnostic confidence. In patients with known or suspected hepatocellular carcinoma, techniques such as ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of portal vein thrombi and percutaneous ethanol ablation therapy are changing how physicians deal with this group of patients. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, a new therapeutic nonoperative procedure for management of variceal bleeding, is effective in lowering portal pressure and in controlling variceal bleeding both in patients unresponsive to sclerotherapy and in patients with chronic variceal bleeding before liver transplantation.


Education is in the process of a major change, where through innovations in technology and teaching methodology, academic institutions are being given an opportunity to work for the benefit of the student.Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can enhance universal access to education, equity,quality and efficiency in education. The use of the computer in curriculum delivery, in particular, promises better and improved methods of educational content delivery, methodology and pedagogical skills as well as expanding the availableteaching and learning knowledge base. Whereas technology cannot replace a teacher in the instructional process, it forms an important and additional resource for both the teacher and the learner to promote interactive and participatory learning. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in teaching and learning are technological tools in form of hardware and software that help communicate, develop, disseminate, store and manage information. This study was conducted to establish schools' preparedness in information communication technology integration in teaching and learning in public secondary schools in Kieni East Sub County, Nyeri County-Kenya. The objectives of the study are to (i) establish E-learning preparedness in teaching and learning in public secondary schools (ii) explore school based efforts in ICT integration in teaching and learning and (iii) investigate challenges facing schools in the development of ICT in public secondary schools. Questionnaires were administered to 39 teachers in public secondary schools. Findings indicated that 77.8% of the male respondents disagreed that schools organized regular training on computers. Theresearchers found that 90.9% of the schools had no usage of the Wikipedia while 80% had the usage the Encarta. Further the study found that 77.7% of the schools had not benefited from the government grants toward E-Learning.Challenes facing the schools included among others lack of skilled personnel to repair and service computer. The study recommends that schools should organise compulsory ICT seminars for teachers especially during school holidays and make ICT literacy training compulsory for all practicing teachers.


The invention relates to doors (30) and windows (24) which are formed with frame profiles (1), wing profiles (14) and/or meeting rail profiles (16) by combination of the PVC profiles (5) and wood profiles (10), and it is characterized in that; it comprises: at least one wood profile housing (7) formed on the PVC profile (5), PVC profile mounting extensions (15) formed on the wood profile housing (7), and at least one wood profile fitting extension (11) and/or wood profile protrusion (12) formed on the wood profile (10) which is mounted on the knurled structure (9) that is formed on the PVC profile mounting extensions (15).


Internet of Things (IoT) is a technique to connect each and everything to Internet,and it provides anything at anytime regardless of irrespective of the location of the thing.As we are moving towards the IoT, the number of sensors deployed around the world is also growing at a rapid pace and an accelerated growth is expected in future. An increasing number of IoT middleware solutions are being developed in both research as well as commercial environments.However, sensor search and selection still remains a critical requirement and a challenge owing to its diversity and heterogeneity.It is a cumbersome task to identify the correct sensor for data collection among these sensor embedded smart objects. Sometimes an object or device may contain multiple sensors. Specialized sensor search and ranking is needed for optimal sensor selection in such case due to veracity of sensors. This becomes further challenging if the scenario of real time services is considered as the response has to be generated within certain time limit to maintain the efficiency of IoT applications and ensure its quality when deployed in the IoT environment. For time sensitive applications, fog computing was introduced into IoT to generate response within acertain deadline. To keep the response time minimum a proper fog infrastructure and configuration needs to be established and the even role of chosen sensors becomes more critical.A new architecture for fog computing has been proposed with its mathematical modeling and logical design too achieve the objective of minimized latency.Various methods have been introduced to carefully choose the fog node that helps in reducing the overall delay and generating quick responses.Further it has tobe taken care of that it is a resource constrained environment and hence minimal use of resources is desired with the foremost being energy that is the most scarce resource in the IoT system.Hence,different methods have been proposed to carryout a low latency and energy efficient sensor selction process for IoT services in the fog environment associated with any application presented in the form of flow based process(FBP).The methods have been compared with some existing methods and have shown better results in terms of different parameters.


In this paper, a new fuzzy neural network (FNN) fault location method based on rough set is presented. The method uses rough sets before the FNN to analyze the indiscernibility relation of data, to remove redundant data and extract the key attribute of electrical components after faults. In order to use the method effectively, a FNN fault location model with a layered and distributed structure system is proposed, which first filters the input data and gets the three-phase power frequency voltage and current, then inputs the voltage and current to a sub-FNN to classify the fault type; finally according to the fault type, it uses a different fault location sub-FNN (including three-phase fault location sub-FNN, two-phase fault location sub-FNN, two-phase grounded fault location sub-FNN and single-phase grounded fault location sub-FNN) to locate faults and output the fault position. Simulations show that the FNN can converge easily and that training time is reduced when using the proposed method.


Twenty-nine accessions of wild wheats and commercial cultivars of Triticum monococcum var. boeoticum, T. urartu, T. timopheevii var. araraticum, T. turgidum var. dicoccoides, durum wheat T. turgidum var. durum, and bread wheat T. aestivum, were hosts for Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, and M. naasi, assessed by egg production in glasshouse and field tests. No sources of resistance to Meloidogyne were found in Triticum. Four host races of M. incognita reproduced on durum and bread wheat cultivars. One accession of Aegilops squarrosa from Afghanistan was resistant to four host races of M. incognita and four isolates of M. javanica, but not to M. naasi. Twelve other A. squarrosa accessions from Afghanistan and Iran and related Aegilops spp. were hosts for all Meloidogyne spp. The potential for development of Meloidogyne-resistant wheat cultivars is discussed.


Amerasia (AJ:): You have written much about institutions that act as enablers or pillars of empire. How do you see the role of minority immigrants and refugees, who are intimate subjects of the empire? For example, South Asians and Muslims in England, Turks in Germany, Africans and southeast Asians in Italy, and ethnic minorities in the United States. They are first-, second-, or third-generation citizens, who are both part of but also apart from empire. What potential roles can they play in forming alternative cultural and political voices within empire?Ali (TA:): The narratives in this regard are multiple. No universalist response is possible. Immigrants and the countries to which they migrate are so different to each other. Take the United States for a start. This is a territory peopled by migrants from the seventeenth century onwards and which has depended on migrations ever since.


A coated two-element noble metal layer for modifying the surface of stainless steel 316L used for the medical vascular scaffold to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is prepared through vacuum arc ion plating to sequentially deposit Pd and Fe films no the surface of stainless steel 316L, and vacuum diffusing to form PdFe alloy layer. It has high uniformity, adhesion and biocompatibility, and a certain magnetism.


Summary A caseofsleep apnoea occurring onlywithin REM sleepina 57-year-old man isdescribed. Itwas successfully treated withclomipramine foraperiod. Thepatient probably hadpersistent phrenic nerve damagewhichaccounted for, orcontributed to,the phenomenon. Itissuggested that this mechanism may operate insomecotdeaths.


Several users tests were carried out with people with a hearing impairment to evaluate the impact of different web accessibility barriers on two similar web sites, one accessible and the other not accessible. The tests focus was to analyze user's mood when faced to different accessibility barriers. Results show "complex text" and "multimedia content without text alternative" barriers as the most critical for users with this profile. Our investigation contributes to a better understanding of users confronting accessibility barriers, and to emphasize the need of web content authors writing content using plain language and providing captions or sign language to video content.


The purpose of this study was to compare two cohorts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients born and treated in two different decades, diagnosed through a CF neonatal screening program.


Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) seronegativity is rare in adults. To examine whether genetic differences would explain this, we studied the genetic polymorphisms of the genes of the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) complex in seronegative adults. These cytokines (i.e. IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐1RA) regulate, in several ways, the inflammatory reactions of the body. In each of these genes there are polymorphic sites and the various alleles differ in their frequency in several diseases of inflammatory nature. In 400 healthy blood donors (from 18 to 60 years of age) there were 20 (5%) seronegative persons. The frequency of allele 2 of the IL‐1β gene (base exchange polymorphism at position −511 from the transcriptional start site) was decreased in the seronegative patients (0.20 versus 0.42 in the seropositive patients, P < 0.05, χ2‐test). Moreover, the frequency of allele 2 of the IL‐1RA (polymorphism defined by variable numbers of 86‐bp repeats in intron 2) was slightly, but not significantly, decreased in the seronegative patients. Alleles of these two loci are known to be associated, but in the seronegative patients this association was abnormal: 11 out of 20 (55%) were of the IL‐1RA‐2 negative/IL‐1β‐2 negative type, while of the seropositive patients, 25% were of this type (P < 0.01, χ2‐test). These data suggest that immunological differences, depending on cytokine gene polymorphisms, regulate the resistance to EBV infection.


The aims, tasks and outcomes of teaching the subjects of the Serbian language and Serbian language and literature in the second cycle of compulsory education are aimed at developing the competence of the student's personality that will master the correct use of the Serbian language in written and spoken communication. The National Education Council has prescribed Standards that are a measure of the achievement of the planned educational goals. Textbooks that can be used in teaching Serbian are approved by the Institute for the Advancement of Education and meet the prescribed standards for textbook quality. The content of the textbooks that we have insight into is aligned with the curriculum, contributes to meeting the prescribed standards, the contents are based on accepted scientific theories, facts and conclusions, the visual contents are clear and have different functions, are aligned with the value system defined by the educational goals and upbringing, they connect the contents within the same subject between classes. Reforms of teaching aimed at achieving learning outcomes also bring new ways of monitoring and evaluating student achievement (formative assessment), compulsory project teaching, and innovations in teacher planning.


Page 51 It has been documented that dredge and fill operations associated with beach nourishment projects cause the mortality of infaunal organisms found within the wet beach and benthic environments (Saloman, 1974; Oliver et al. 1977; NRC 1995; USACE 2001). Dredging activity involves the removal of sediment, including the benthic infauna residing within the substrate. The placement of fill material upon the beach and the intertidal area has the potential to smother and kill the existing infauna community within the swash zone and nearshore benthic habitats. The resultant temporary loss of these lower trophic level organisms has cascading effects on a wide range of species that prey upon them. These include commercially and recreationally important fish as well as threatened and endangered species such as the piping plover and red knot. As such, state and federal regulatory agencies have previously required multiyear preand post-construction infaunal monitoring program as a condition of a project's permit in order to document the effect these actions have on these important biological resources.


Author(s): Ha, Nicholas | Advisor(s): Krstic, Miroslav | Abstract: The Isotope Production Facility (IPF) receives pulsed H+ beam from the accelerator at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) to produce isotopes for various research and medical uses. Work over 2 summers has been conducted to improve diagnostics, reliability, and control for equipment on the IPF beamline, as well as to optimize beam delivered to IPF to increase isotope yield. This second goal is the subject of this document. Specifically, it is desired to maximize beam delivery onto a target without risking damage to the target window or spill too much beam outside a specified aperture. A specified beam profile and repeating beam raster pattern of concentric circles is currently being used to achieve this. The goal addressed here is to determine an improved beam profile and raster pattern. While a specific answer is needed for certain operation conditions, a general method is even better. A constrained optimization problem is formulated, and several approaches for solving it are discussed. It is found that with appropriate design of cost function, a Gradient Descent algorithm is effective at making improvements to a good initial guess. A bounded Extremum Seeking algorithm also shows some effectiveness, while some unbounded versions did not show effectiveness for this problem. The problem formulation, models, methods, results, are presented. They show significant potential to advance IPF's goals of higher isotope production yield.


Wesley Hohfeld (1879 - 1918) is well known to legal philosophers and to property teachers for his table of fundamental conceptions, a terminological framework for understanding legal doctrine and reasoning. This work was also substantively important for some members of the American Legal Realist movement and Critical Legal Studies. More personally he was part of the generation of law teachers who had to figure out how to become a professional academic in the years after completion of the job of reordering of the corpus juris in the wake of the demise of the writ system. A Harvard Law School educated westerner who ambivalently wanted to move east from his post at the then decidedly non-elite Stanford Law School, Hohfeld eventually made it to the then decidedly non-elite Yale Law School. His relatively brief career sheds light on both how in the years before World War I legal academics built a professional identity and how they navigated the nascent law school network. It also raises a question of how an analytical legal scholar might have responded to later developments in jurisprudence.


The present study is an attempt of approximation to the role played by the Freemasonry in the national construction of two Spanish ex-colonies: Cuba and Morocco, during the last third of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century. It is a question of the first exploration of a topic of great intercultural, social and political interest. It splits of the base of considering the Freemasonry to be a crucible of cultures (melting pot) and, for this reason, both processes are juxtaposed, the Cuban and the Moroccan, in order to realize future comparative studies. There is verified the difficult integration of the black citizen in Cuba, whereas in Morocco the Masons try to create a multicultural community based on the tolerance and the brotherhood, though the nationalism is rejected.


Objective To investigate the difference on torsional efficacy of various combination of four kinds of self-ligating brackets(Damon3,SmartClip,Time2,and OPA-K) and two different archwires.Methods The torsional efficacy of four brackets(two passive self-ligating brackets-Damon3,SmartClip;and two active self-ligating brackets-Time 2,OPA-K) combined with two types of archwires(0.019 × 0.025 inch nickel-titanium archwires,0.019 × 0.025 inch stainless steel archwires) were tested by torsion measurement instrument.Results(1)There was no significant difference of torsional efficacy between Damon3 and SmartClip self-ligating brackets,Time 2 and OPA-K self-ligating brackets(P 0.05),but the others were significantly different(P 0.001).(2)Torsional efficacy among different archwires were significantly different(P 0.001).Conclusions In comparison with that of the active self-ligating brackets,the torsional efficacy of the passive self-ligating brackets were obviously lower.The reason that different archwires had different torsional efficacy is related to the variability of edge bevels.


INVITED PLENARY TALKS Sunday, 13:45 (Session B) Movement Planning under Risk, Decision Making under Risk. Larry Maloney NYU . In executing any speeded movement, there is uncertainty about the outcome due to motor variability. I'll describe recent experiments in which subjects carried out speeded motor tasks that were equivalent to economic decisions. The outcome of each movement earned an explicit monetary reward or penalty. In one game, for example, subjects attempted to reach out and touch briefly presented reward disks while avoiding nearby, overlapping penalty disks. The task for the subject was to trade off the risk of missing the reward disk against the risk of hitting the penalty disk. The optimum tradeoff depended on the magnitudes of penalty and reward and the subject's own motor error. For each subject, in each game, we could estimate the ideal movement strategy and maximum expected gain possible. We compared subjects' movements and winnings to this ideal. In many of these experiments, subjects consistently chose movements that were close to optimal. This outcome is surprising: these motor tasks are, after all, formally equivalent to decision making under risk and subjects making decisions under risk typically do not maximize expected gain. I'll describe very recent work in which we set out to translate classical decision making experiments (concerning the independence axiom of expected utility theory) into motor form and compare decision making under risk to movement planning under risk in the same subjects. Monday, 13:45 (Session B) Recent Developments in Nonparametric Bayesian Inference. Mike Jordan UC Berkeley . Bayesian inference is often viewed as an assumption-laden approach to statistical inference, whereby strong assumptions about existing knowledge are imposed in order to support the acquisition of new knowledge from data. The past two decades have seen the development of an increasingly vigorous field of Bayesian nonparametrics, which simultaneously provides a more expressive language for prior knowledge and allows for weaker specifications. Mathematically, Bayesian nonparametrics amounts to using general stochastic processes as prior distributions. I discuss a class of stochastic processes known as "completely random measures" that I view as providing particularly useful building blocks for Bayesian nonparametrics. I will discuss applications of models based on completely random measures to several problem domains, including natural language processing, protein structural modeling, computational vision, and statistical genetics. Tuesday, 13:45 (Session B) Using Probabilistic Models of Cognition to Identify Human inductive Biases. Thomas Griffiths UC Berkeley . People are remarkably good at acquiring complex knowledge from limited data, as is required in learning causal relationships, categories, or aspects of language. Successfully solving inductive problems of this kind requires having good "inductive biases" – constraints that guide inductive inference. Viewed abstractly, understanding human learning requires identifying these inductive biases and exploring their origins. I will argue that probabilistic models of cognition provide a framework that can facilitate this project, giving a transparent characterization of the inductive biases of ideal learners. I will discuss three ways in which these models can be used to shed


Pastoral Assistance of the Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa (GMIM) North Sulawesi, Indonesia has its own challenges due to the diversity of cultures, ethnicities, and religions. Therefore, this study aims to describe the model of pastoral assistance of the Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa to be interesting. This study uses a qualitative research method with participatory observation, interviews, and documentation data collection techniques. The results showed that the GMIM Pastoral Assistance Model was carried out in stages starting from the Personal, Family, Column, Region, and Synod levels to save and improve church members' welfare. The spearhead of GMIM's pastoral assistance is the column. Columns led by elders and deacons can be assisted by work teams and the Column Service Unit (UPK) which manages fellowship, witness, and ministry tasks for families and church members.


The application of X-ray and VUV coatings on large optics pose unique problems for the coating engineer. Facility design, process development, and characterization will be discussed for several applications.


Abstract:Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a common worldwide health problem. Its etiology remains unknown but it's commonly associated with reduced antioxidant activity and free radicals formation. Glutathione is an important antioxidant present in human body. Aim: To evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of Setria on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis. Materials & Methods: Thirty six adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group I (control): eighteen rats divided equally into three subgroups. Group II: six rats injected acetic acid intrarectally under anesthesia. Group III: six rats received Setria 50 mg/kg/day via an oral gavage. Group IV: six rats received acetic acid then after two days received Setria same dose and route as group II, III. At the end of the experiment, blood samples collected to measure MDA and GSH level. Colon samples were processed for histopathological, immunohistochemical, scanning electron microscopic examination and morphometric analyses. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic grading of the specimens was done. Examination of distal colon sections from group II showed shedding of the surface epithelium with absence of mucosal crypts, hemorrhage and wide area of necrosis. That is accompanied with an apparent increase in submucosa, muscle layer thickness with heavy infiltration by inflammatory cells and vacuolation. PAS sections showed decrease in goblet cells, Mallory trichrome sections increase in collagen deposition in submucosa, Touildine blue section revealed multiple mast cells and iNOS sections showed strong reaction. Scanning electron microscope showed maceration of mucosa, wide cryptal opening with lack of microvilli. Examination of group IV sections showed apparent improvement in almost all layers Conclusion: Setria had an ameliorating effect on acetic acid induced colitis.


Recent development in mobile has made a new kind of device that is smartphone. It plays very important role in personal as well as business life. The purpose of writing this research is to find out the buying behavior of consumers in smartphones. The responses were selected through structured questionnaire. The data was collected from 67 individuals on non-probabilistic techniques. There are many internal and external factors which affect the consumers buying behavior .


express that faith in terms most accessible to outsiders can confuse one's thinking (other times, to be sure, it can be the l!l0st helpful road to insight). I'm not, I think, disagreeing with Griffiths in principle, but merely asking for a bit more toleranee for pluralism of vocations. In our inte11ectuallives, sometimes we think best by entering into conversation, and learning from the challenge of another point of view. But, as a ternporary strategy, saying, "Please don't interrupt me until I've finished my train of thoughthere," isn'talways a form of intellectualcowardice or dishonesty. So, similarly, "Let me just think through my Christian (or Buddhist or Muslim) point of view in its own terms for a bit," doesn't seem always the wrong thing to say.


The present invention relates to recycling waste concrete, the method comprising: crushing the waste concrete into a predetermined size and; Reacting the comminuted waste concrete with hydrochloric acid, separating the calcium compound and the sand, gravel and silica; By reacting a calcium compound and sodium hydroxide separated from the waste concrete, it characterized in that it comprises the step of recovering the calcium hydroxide. In this way, by reproducing the aggregate from waste concrete it can be recycled as building materials, saving resource and can contribute to environmental preservation.


Under the real circumstance of our teaching experience,the improvement of some apparatus used in physical chemistry experiment is introduced.It is found that this improvement plays an important part and promotes efficiency in our experimental teaching.


A major problem in Europe, and especially Central Europe, is border regions dissected by national boundaries. These regions contain ethnically mixed populations. They now are expected to develop a viable democratic politics at the local level. Many have not yet even established their autonomy as legal entities; in most cases, local political parties do not exist there; and the regions have to address the problem of ethnic and language differences. Many of them were closed to their neighbors until the recent democratic transformation. The borders are now open. Although the prosperity of the border regions is dependent on the country of which they are a part, they are underdeveloped economically and socially by almost any standard, certainly a European one. The consequences of closure are several, but the peripheral status of these regions both within their own countries and in Europe is demonstrated by some basic indicators of the quality of life, including electricity, water supply, and health services.


While the early onset of NDM in the first six months of life rarely occurs as a result of autoimmune disorder, genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities are recognizable causes of NDM.17 Mutations in KCNJ11 or ABCC8 gene, that encode for subunits of the ATP sensitive potassium channel, are the most commonly encountered mutations in permanent NDM.8 Previous reports showed thet permanent NDM may result from mutations in insulin or glucokinase (GCK) genes as well.9,10 Homozygous GCK-related permanent NDM is associated with complete GCK deficiency and severe hyperglycemia.11,12


Conductivities of dense aluminum, copper, and tungsten are evaluated using exploding wire discharges in water. Evolutions of the radius and the electrical resistance of exploding wire are measured together with direct pyrometric estimation of the temperature. The conductivities are evaluated based on the measurements and their density dependence is compared with theoretical predictions at a fixed temperature. The results indicate that regardless of materials, the conductivity has a minimum around 3% of solid density at temperature of 5000 K.