Social Epidemiology: Strategies for Public Health Activism by Julie Cwikel is a textbook that identifies important issues regarding health and social conditions and applies principles of social epidemiology to improve society's well-being. Overall, the author achieves the stated purpose of the book, which is "looking at health and social problems from the population and community perspective without losing sight of the meaning of numbers" (p. xii). Although the book can be used in a variety of disciplines, the applied nature of the fields of social epidemiology and social work make it a likely fit for social work studies, especially courses related to community practice or macro-level intervention. There are several areas in which the text is especially strong. For example, the author does an excellent job of providing basic information required for understanding population-level health problems. Terms that may be easily confused (e.g., rate, morbidity, mortality, prevalence, and incidence) are well-defined. The author also describes and defines basic research terms such as sample, validity, and reliability and more complex analytic processes such as grounded theory. In addition to basic definitions, the author applies these concepts to social epidemiology and public health research. The author describes the advantages and disadvantages of crosssectional studies and specifies how cross-sectional methods are not appropriate for determining incidence of a condition due to issues of temporality. The description of both basic knowledge and applicability to complex health issues makes the book relevant to a range of student abilities and experiences. However, the research focus and complexity of the topics suggest advanced undergraduate or graduate levels as appropriate. Another perspective that makes this text especially relevant for social work students is the emphasis on problem solution rather than focusing solely on problem identification. Indeed, the author uses the first three sections of the book to set up the final section, which describes interventions and programs that are effective with specific populations and groups. The subject of the text is timely and relevant as epidemiological issues are at the forefront in national and international arenas. Recent catastrophic events such as Hurricane Katrina and anticipated pandemics such as avian flu make the understanding of social epidemiology an important topic for social work and interdisciplinary courses. Furthermore, the author draws parallels between historical and current medical or epidemiological traditions on micro and macro levels. For example, the author provides an historical view of policy efforts associated with bubonic plague (e.g., destroying commerce resulting in starvation, hierarchal society that created a preexisting disparity) and leprosy (e.g., quarantine) as well as more current topics such as HIV/AIDS. Another outstanding feature of this book is Dr. Cwikel's ability to present both positivistic and interpretivist research designs and methods. Unlike some other researchers, she is able to describe the appropriate usage of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Rather than indicating a bias toward one method or another, she indicates when each is appropriate and gives examples of how each method contributes to the understanding of public health problems. In doing so, Dr. Cwikel consistently uses appropriate models and cases to illustrate the concepts described. Notably, the author captures the dynamic and evolving nature of the topic and guides the student or reader through the development of social epidemiology as a discipline and public health issues as they emerge. The book is well organized overall. The 613 pages of text comprise 16 chapters organized into four sections: Introduction, Historical Roots of Social Epidemiology, Methods, and Applications. This organizational framework is effective, providing both conceptual and historical context in the first two sections before introducing methodologies specific to the field of social epidemiology in the final two sections. There is a summary at the beginning of each chapter and discussion questions at the end of each chapter. References are organized by chapter but are included at the end of the book.


In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, our institution, like others in higher education, suspended face- to-face classes and offered remote learning as an alternative.  We report five cases of undergraduate and graduate courses that transitioned from a face-to-face to a remote mode. Each case will provide a detailed description of how the course was moved to an online mode, how the course was managed, the instructors' previous experience in online teaching, their self-reflection on the process of transitioning to remote learning and their recommendations for a more successful experience in a similar potential scenario in the future.  Further, we report the students' perspectives based on their responses to an online survey.  The combined results of the cases reported in this study reflect the resilience on both sides. A sudden shutdown of the university along with disease- related fears caused anxiety both for the students and instructors regardless of previous experience in online education. However, having online material pre-pandemic, possessing the technical skills, and previous online teaching or learning experience as well as having the infrastructure in place, facilitated the smooth navigation of the courses. The mode of delivery of the course (synchronous, asynchronous or blended) did not have an effect on students' satisfaction.


The present invention relates to the generation of the document (1), the image information so that the pieces of the image information combined with the entire image is incorporated into a plurality of layers (15, 17, 19) of the document (1). Image information in at least two layers of a plurality of layers (15, 17, 19) is a digital watermark in comprises a digital watermark information (25, 27, 29), and at least two layers (15, 17, 19) the whole of the mark information (25, 27, 29) to form the security feature for authentication of the document (1). The invention also relates to the individual document (1), the authentication method (37), and an authentication device.


Planning academic conferences is often a difficult, tedious and time-consuming task. This is because there are many possible designs that can be considered and created. Additionally many of the associated tasks are currently performed manually in an inefficient manner when they could easily be automated. The planning process is particularly important because high quality sessions can lose their value if the program is not planned properly. Similarly in the reviewing process each paper should be reviewed properly in order to achieve a high quality conference proceeding. For this reason, mathematical models are developed for the paper reviewing process and the program of presentations construction process. They involve the assignment of reviewers to papers, and the assignment of topics and papers to session and rooms, and papers to session slots. These two models are implemented and tested on real data associated with the Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management Systems (APIEMS) 2004 conference.


I Can confidence-and security-building measures (CSBMs) be introduced into the Third World as an aid to controlling interstate hostilities? My underlying premise is that much of the hostility within regions of active, profound, and often radical socioeconomic and political change and development will not perhaps cannot be resolved, at least in the near future. Protracted conflict, whether intraor inter-state, is likely to remain a dominant characteristic. Hence, while conflict resolution and nonhostile interstate relations may be desirable goals in such regions, to speak of them as likely in the near term is to bend reality to suit preferred norms. However, a world of enmity need not be either unstable or extraordinarily destructive. A variety of political, socio-economic, and military instruments can still be employed to enhance domestic well-being, to pursue vital interests, and to ensure security while reducing tension, perceived threat, and uncertainty in the proximate external environment. One such subset CSBMS is meant to impart confidence that un-


Abstract Accurate, physically-based sediment transport and flow theories that are applicable under a wide range of conditions are important to marine geological problems, both modem and ancient. Interpretation of ancient environments and predictions for modern, difficult to measure processes, such as continental shelf storms or turbidity currents, rely heavily on generalized theories. To accommodate this need for a more generalized suspended sediment transport theory, higher-order effects, such as multicomponent sediment distribution, sediment-induced density stratification, and near-bottom flow field interaction have recently been added to existing theories. In order to evaluate the usefulness of these and other complicating additions under controlled conditions, the present generalized gravitational theory of Smith and McLean (1977) was tested against the laboratory flume experiments of Vanoni (1946), and Einstein and Chien (1955). Combining data from these experiments allows the theory to be tested against a wide range of sediment and flow parameters. Settling velocities range from 1.18 to 17.25 cm/s, nondimensional volume concentrations from 2.5 × 10-7 to 2.3 × 10-1, and shear velocities from 2.5 to 18 cm/s. Results of comparisons between the theory and experiments show that the theory works well under a wide range of sediment and flow conditions in predicting vertical-velocity and suspended-sediment profiles. Under sediment transporting conditions, the eddy diffusion coefficient is modified by a Richardson-number-based stratification correction to account for the sediment-induced stable density stratification. The correction is calculated from the local vertical concentration gradient, thus permitting von Karman's constant to retain its clearwater value of 0.40. Also under transporting conditions, the roughness parameter Zo is increased substantially over the nontransporting Nikuradse Zo because of the extra momentum extracted from the flow by the transporting sediment. As sediment concentrations increase to large values, the bulk density and viscosity are systematically increased, causing settling velocities to decrease.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of TPAP gene in pancreatic duetal adeno-carcinoma and its clinical features and prognosis.Methods The total RNA were extracted from 40tissue samples of pancreatic ductal adeno-carcinoma and corresponding adjacent pancreatic tissues,as from well as 5normal pancreatic tissues from autopsy.TAQMAN real-time PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the TPAP expression.The relationship between TPAP expression in pancreatic carcinoma tissues and the clinical pathologic parameters were analyzed.The Kaplan-Meier analysis was adopted to assess the relationship between prognosis and TPAP gene expression.Results The relative quantities(RQs)of TPAP mRNA in pancreatic carcinoma tissues[0.012(0.004,0.018)]were significantly lower than those in the corresponding adjacent pancreatic tissues[0.018(0.009,0.081)]and normal pancreatic tissues[0.74(0.457,0.891), P0.01].There were also significant differences between the latter two tissues(P0.001).The RQs of TPAP mRNA expression in pancreatic carcinoma tissues was negatively correlated with metastasis(r=-0.342,P=0.031),but positively correlated with pathological grades(r=0.371,P=0.018).However,the other clinical pathologic findings including tumor site,tumor size,serum CA19-9,serum CEA, TMN stage,lymphatic metastasis,age and gender had no influence on the TPAP mRNA expression(P0.05).What was more important, the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high TPAP mRNA expression survived significantly longer than those with the low expression(P=0.004).Conclusion The TPAP mRNA expression may suppress the pancreatic carcinoma development,and its high expression may be a positive predictor of long-term survival of pancreatic carcinoma patients.


Alopecia (baldness) is a pathological hair loss. A chronic relapsing course leads to a violation of the emotional sphere of the child, worsens the quality of life. Alopecia is considered autoimmune, since it is characterized by hair loss due to lymphocytic infiltration around the hair follicles. It can be secondary as a result of infectious and inflammatory processes. Purpose - is to conduct own clinical observation of a child with total alopecia to increase the awareness of doctors about this pathology in children. Clinical case. The article presents a clinical case of total alopecia in an 11-year-old child. It is known from the anamnesis that in 9 months the child began to lose hair on his head, at 2 years old - eyebrows and eyelashes, at 3 years old he was diagnosed with total alopecia. The patient had a complex clinical and laboratory examination with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team, since alopecia can occur under the mask of autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies. Total alopecia, atopic dermatitis, changes in immunological status in the anamnesis, cases of early mortality among family members, as well as a history of alopecia areata in the father gave us reason to suspect a genetic disease in the patient, including autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis-ectodermal dystophia (APECED syndrome) with mutation in the AIRE gene. Conclusions. For verification the diagnosis and choose a treatment strategy, the patient needs an additional examination: sequencing of the relevant locus of the AIRE gene to detect mutations characteristic of APECED syndrome, as well as a serological test to detect the titer of antibodies to Candida and a puncture biopsy of the scalp. Considering the above, the prognosis for recovery is unfavorable. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of parents was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.


Background Left ventricular (LV) energy supply‐demand imbalance is postulated to cause "energy starvation" and contribute to heart failure (HF) in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and [11C] acetate positron emission tomography (PET), we evaluated LV perfusion and oxidative metabolism in NIDCM and the effects of spironolactone on LV supply‐demand relations. Methods and Results Twelve patients with NIDCM underwent CMR and PET at baseline and after ≥6 months of spironolactone therapy added to a standard HF regimen. The myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) was calculated after gadolinium injection during adenosine, as compared to rest. The monoexponential clearance rate of [11C] acetate (kmono) was used to calculate the work metabolic index (WMI), an index of LV mechanical efficiency, and kmono/RPP (rate‐pressure product), an index of energy supply/demand. At baseline, the subendocardium was hypoperfused versus the subepicardium (median MPRI, 1.63 vs. 1.80; P<0.001), but improved to 1.80 (P<0.001) after spironolactone. The WMI increased (P=0.001), as did kmono/RPP (P=0.003). These improvements were associated with reverse remodeling, increased LV ejection fraction, and decreases in LV mass and systolic wall stress (all P<0.002). Conclusions NIDCM is associated with subendocardial hypoperfusion and impaired myocardial oxidative metabolism, consistent with energy starvation. Antifailure therapy improves parameters of energy starvation and is associated with augmented LV performance. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ Unique identifier: ID NCT00574119.


Visual bookmarking app Pinterest, known for its aspirational and consumptive qualities of users' "pinning" work, has recently made concerted forays into the online advertising and marketing space. At the same time, its visual and collaborative qualities offer unique potential for application in pedagogy. This paper describes a pedagogical assessment study examining a Pinterest-based discussion board series. Results suggest Pinterest enhances students' sense of learning through contributing to enjoyment, sense of community, and perceived collaborative learning. These results support the utility of Pinterest-oriented discussions to foster collaboration and learning in online digital advertising and media courses.


This paper is the edited text of an address delivered at the Eleventh Director's Workshop on Effective Leadership with reference to Child Care Organisations of the SOS Children's Villages of India held in Bangalore, March 6 - 8, 1994. I wonder whether I am the right person to be called upon to address a group of directors with a vast experience and understanding of the issues involved in running a great non-governmental organisation which the SOS Children's Villages undoubtedly is. Having accepted this invitation, albeit with some trepidation, I thought it might be useful to share my thoughts on the relevance of non-government organisations in today's troubled world - and how with effective leadership, their role and potential can be better realised.


The relaxation time of hot carriers in bulk Ga47In053As has been measured as a function of excitation energy near and above the conduction band minimum, and as a function of carrier density. The carrier relaxation rate increases dramatically with excess energy, due to the additional energy decay provided by the LO phonons. As a function of carrier density, the scattering rate is maximum at densities below 1018 cm3, but decreases for higher carrier concentrations, falling roughly by half at 1019 cm3.


COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING In the 20th century, mainstream electronics evolved from vacuum tubes and discrete copper wires to individual transistors and batch-fabricated, printed wiring boards to its current form, which integrates more than a billion transistors and copper interconnections in a single silicon chip. Until the past decade, designers benignly neglected the electrical performance of wires or metal interconnections, beyond a cursory accounting for their parasitic capacitance. They effectively addressed this problem simply by increasing transistor channel width to provide larger drive currents, and thus enable transistor-level circuit performance. Unfortunately, this simple fix is no longer adequate for two salient reasons: both interconnect latency and energy dissipation now tend to dominate key metrics of transistor performance. For example, for current, state-of-the-art 100-nm technology, the latency of a 1-mm-long interconnect benchmark is approximately six times larger than that of a corresponding transistor. Moreover, the energy dissipation associated with a benchmark interconnect's binary transition is approximately five times larger than that of a corresponding transistor. This "tyranny of interconnects" escalates rapidly for future generations of silicon technology. Consequently, in the nearand mediumterm future, exponential increases in transistors per chip—as Moore's law eloquently projects— will necessarily emphasize advances in interconnect technology. These advances will be extremely diverse and will include new interconnect materials and processes, optimal reverse scaling, microarchitectures that shorten interconnects, 3D structures and I/O enhancements, interchip optical interconnects, and more powerful computeraided design tools for chip layout and interconnect routing. Here, I discuss these improvements, which are likely to evolve for decades. I also discuss the logic behind my prediction that any revolutionary technology that supplants silicon must be interconnect-centric. First, however, let's review Moore's law and what its ultimate limits mean for the future of interconnect technology.


The so\|termed hyperbranched polymers differ from classical polymers by their high degree of branching, high density of terminal functionality, and three\|dimensional molecular structure. The divergent synthesis of a series of polydisperse hyperbranched poly(amine\|ester)s based upon 1,1,1 \|trimethylolpropane (as a core molecule) and N,N \|diethylol\|3\|amine methylpropionate (as an AB\-2 monomer) synthesized via Michael addition of methyl acrylate and diethanolamine is described, proceeding in a stepwise growth manner starting from an "initiator core" building branched arms, i.e., pseudo\|one\|step manner, or a one\|step procedure in the melt using P\|TSA as catalyst. These materials have different numbers of hydroxyl groups at the chain extremities on each molecule. The molecular composition of hyperbranched poly(amine\|ester) was characterized by GPC, NMR and element analysis. The hyperbranched poly(amine\|ester)s prepared using the pseudo\|one\|step procedure have narrower molecular weight distributions than the products obtained by using one\|spot procedure as detected by GPC. The rheological behavior of the hyperbranched poly(amine\|ester)s was investigated using a spinning viscometer.The viscosity is reduced sharply as the temperature increases. The thermal property has been also estimated. The hyperbranched poly(amine\|ester)s, synthesized in this study, may be modified to meet particular application requirements for coating, lamination, and adhesive systems.


A significant part of the workforce works with the feet and legs in a relatively static standing position. In an experiment, 20 college students (mean age = 23) stood wearing 2 pairs of socks but no shoes at a table for 240 minutes (120 minutes on carpet on one day and 120 minutes on concrete on another day). Ten subjects stood in the morning and 10 in the afternoon. Foot volume and instep vertical and horizontal circumference and calf circumference did not differ significantly between morning and afternoon or between carpet and concrete. Heart rate did not differ between morning and afternoon but the 95.2 for carpet was significantly lower than the 100.1 for concrete. Perceived comfort ratings were higher for carpet than concrete. Body areas in which comfort decreased the most while on concrete were: lower leg, upper leg, ankle, whole foot, the neck and the shoulder. When the individual factors were combined into a single factor using factor analysis, the 77.7 score (0–100 scale) for carpet was significantly better than the 71.9 for concrete.


The growth diagnostic methodology, presented by Hausmann, Rodrik and Velasco analyses growth bottlenecks' experienced countries throughout their history. This work is based on this methodology with the incorporation of an econometric model, in favor of studying the growth in real GDP of Ecuador from 1983 to 2011. The methodology breaks down the economy into different sectors such as: financial sector, social returns, government failures and market failures. The analysis allows us to demonstrate that the inherent problems for Ecuador have been caused and can be corrected with a solvent management of public finance.


Pharmacometrics,developed from the conventional pharmacokinetics,is the science of applying mathematical and statistical methods to characterize,understand,and predict a drug's pharmacokinetic,pharmacodynamic,and biomarker-outcome behaviors.Pharmacometrics has been widely valued for its utility of modeling and simulation in drug research and development,therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized therapy.This paper reviewed the advances of pharmacometrics employed in new drug research and development and therapeutic drug monitoring both at home and abroad.


An "exact" closed‐form solution for the acoustic field from a continuous end‐fire line array is presented. Interactions between the array elements are ignored, but no approximations are made regarding the position of the field point. (This model lends itself particularly well to the study of the response of parametric receivers.) The results are presented in the form of beam patterns as a function of range. It is shown that the range where the farfield response is obtained depends only on the length of the array and that the beam patterns within the nearfield can be substantially more narrow than the farfield beam patterns. [This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research.]


AbstractThis paper describes results achieved in the development of a new type of welding torch position sensor, which enables real time measurement of the torch–workpiece distance in gas metal arc welding with shortcircuiting metal transfer. The sensor is based on a detection algorithm which enables extraction of the torch–workpiece distance from welding current and voltage waveforms, regardless of large variations in the instantaneous values of welding parameters. It was found that the torch–workpiece distance could be reliably obtained from wire resistance data during a shortcircuit state of the welding process. The sensor was tested under various welding conditions and its applicability was confirmed by real time monitoring of the sensor signal.


Tierney teaches courses in reading and conducts research at the University of Arizona, Tucson. ■ In the quest for accountability in American schools, many states now mandate or are considering mandating minimal competency testing as the basis for determining students' competence or incompetence (usually in reading and math) and subsequently their eligibility for promotion, retention or graduation. Two key issues are involved: retention and testing. Let me address each issue and then define my position. First, let me address the issue of retention. The proposed legislation is based on the notion that retention


Examination of the type material of Limax (Kasperia) mayae Godwin-Austen, 1914 revealed that the subgeneric name Taulimax Wiktor et Likharev, 1980 is a junior synonym of Kasperia Godwin-Austen, 1914; the specific name mayae Godwin-Austen, 1914 is a synonym of turkestanus Simroth, 1898.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the difference between the ways in which technology can be used to reduce manufacturing time, increasing quality and productivity at the same time. All this has results in a saving of energy, labor and resources in general.


78 Background: The past decade has seen the development of transitional, novel cancer therapies that lengthen survival, yet data regarding the quality of that survival are limited or unavailable. Improving patient (pt)/healthcare professional (HCP) communication about issues such as QoS might enhance engagement and inform decision-making about future care. For example, the PROACT study (ECC 2015, abs.1715) has shown how little attention is given to family caregiver impact. Our objective is to develop an inclusive framework that will go beyond existing pt-reported outcomes and quality of life (QoL) constructs, and which HCPs may use to communicate with pts.

METHODS
An electronic database search to investigate the QoS landscape in cancer was conducted and results were articulated into a visual concept map. Subsequently, 20 US pts with metastatic NSCLC were interviewed about their cancer experiences (a similar melanoma pt survey is ongoing) and this input was integrated into the concept map. Areas explored include: symptoms, disease/treatment communication and education, pt expectations about treatment goals and involvement in decision-making, and impacts of all these on pts, families, and friends.

RESULTS
In their interviews, pts reported a host of impacts: physical, psychological/emotional, social/relationship, work, and financial. A QoS concept framework was developed to capture the holistic pt experience throughout the continuum of cancer care (during and post treatment) and consisted of 4 interconnected domains: QoL, survival, side effects and economic impact. The severity and persistence of some of the impacts ultimately affect survival, while others affect the ability to preserve or return to normality.

CONCLUSIONS
While pt experiences are usually discussed and monitored by HCPs, issues identified as most important to pts and families and their variability over time, are rarely assessed formally during survival. These findings support the development of a pt-centric concept map that defines QoS, provides a comprehensive framework for improving communication between pts and their care teams about long-term QoS in cancer, and potentially enables better treatment decisions.


There is a growing interest in the use of metal-based chemotherapeutic agents to fight different types of cancers [1]. Among the most commonly used family of organometallic compounds derived from platinum, Cisplatin (CisPt) is the lead compound for the treatment of various cancers including lung, testis, gastric, breast, etc. Nevertheless, beside its recognized therapeutic effects, side effects such as gastric toxicity and acute kidney failure were observed during treatment with CisPt, thereby limiting its clinical use. Other compounds are currently studied and among them, Ruthenium (Ru) complexes have gained more importance for their lower toxicity and aggressive effect on healthy tissues than CisPt. Rucomplexes are also more resorbed and excreted [2]. Numerous studies focused on the mechanisms of action of Ruthenium compounds to fight cancer, including antioxidant or prooxidant activity. During inflammation, activation and infiltration of neutrophils contribute to oxidant stress playing a crucial role in tumor development. Likewise, the degranulation of neutrophil causes the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), which reacts with H2O2 to catalyze redox reactions. A therapeutic target to control inflammation is the modulation of oxidant enzymes and cells involved in radical species production and redox reactions. Because Ruthenium compounds can easily enter into cancer cells, a series of newly synthesized Ru(II)-complexes were used for this purpose. They were first tested for their radical scavenging activities using ABTS and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Amongst them, compound 1 (LD0436) and compound 2 (LD04037) were then studied for their ability to modulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inflammatory cells like human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL 60) and neutrophils (PMN) using fluorescence, chemiluminescence (CL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. The toxicity of those Ru-complexes against HL-60 and neutrophils was checked using Trypan blue exclusion assay. Altogether, CL and ESR findings indicate that both complexes 1 (LD0436) and 2 (LD0437) exhibit a dose-dependent inhibitory activity compared to CisPt, gallic acid, curcumin and quercetin, which were taken as reference molecules in the various systems investigated. Similarly, the Ru(II) complexes tested also display an antioxidant profile on the substrate oxidation catalyzed by peroxidase such as MPO mainly involved in acute and chronic inflammatory situations.


Armoured jawless fish, or 'ostracoderms', lived 450–360 million years ago, and display unusual morphologies, unlike any modern fish group. Since they left no living descendants, their mode of swimming has, until recently, remained speculative, although this is a crucial question as the first true pectoral fins evolved within the 'ostracoderms'. The discovery of the oldest‐known fish trails, from the Early Devonian (400 million year old) 'Lower Old Red Sandstone' of south‐east Wales offers new insights into the swimming behaviour of these early fish, notably the osteostracan 'ostracoderms' (or cephalaspids), whose horseshoe‐shaped head and paddle‐shaped pectoral fins have remained a functional riddle.


This study tries to provide a comparative features of labor relations notions in some foreign nations. This study examines the legal laws and regulation of labor relationships, splitting states into 2 classifications. The initial incorporates Germany, Russia, France, and several other European nations. In the next - the USA, Australia, Great Britain, and other nations of the Anglo-Saxon legal systems. The comparative examination of various states' legislation and formal-logical and functional methods are used to gratify the study's objectives. The conclusion is made that the borrowing of the experience of the nations' adhering to the Anglo-Saxon pattern is not acceptable for Russia because, in them, the contract of labor is demonstrated not as a means able to guarantee the workers' rights but as a legal means to generate circumstances able to infringe on their benefits.


The article for the first time poses the question about the influence of the poetics and ideology of G. Uspensky on the works of D. Merezhkovsky. The comparative analysis of Uspensky's essay "Выпрямила" ("She Straightened Out", 1885) and the corpus of the texts of Merezhkovsky, written in 1890–1900s (the poem "The End of the Century" and the trilogy "Christ and the Antichrist") discovers that one of the central images of Merezhkovsky, the statue of Venus, was born in creative competition with Uspensky. The study, carried out in the framework of the historical-literary method, allows to establish the continuity between the late literary populism and the symbolist art of the Silver Age. The article is addressed to all those interested in the Russian literature and the history of the Russian intelligentsia.


This paper treats the synchronization problem of a four-dimensional energy resource system. Via the adaptive linear feedback control approach, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee synchronization of two identical energy resource systems with appropriate parameter update laws. To be noted that the results developed in this paper could be easily extended to the robust synchronization of energy resource systems with uncertain parameters. At last, an illustrative example is employed to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.


Given a classroom containing a fixed number of students and a fixed number of tables that can be of different sizes, as well as a list of preferred classmates to sit with for each student, the team composition problem in a classroom (TCPC) is the problem of finding an assignment of students to tables in such a way that the preferences of students are maximally-satisfied. In this paper, we first formally define the TCPC, prove that it is NP-hard and define two different MaxSAT models of the problem, called maximizing and minimizing encoding. Then, we report on the results of an empirical investigation that show that solving the TCPC with MaxSAT solvers is a promising approach and provide evidence that the minimizing encoding outperforms the maximizing encoding. Finally, we illustrate how the proposed MaxSAT-based modeling approach is also well-suited for modeling other more complex team formation problems.


To evaluate 186 clones at primary Nursery stage (Phase-I) against standard variety CP-77-400 a non replicated single row trial was laid out having net plot size measuring 5X2.4m. Keeping in view the desirable characters, 45 clones having desirable birx % growth and other quantitative characters were selected and were promoted to Advance Nursery trial while 141 clones were rejected due to undesirable characters. However, 1021%, 11.29%, 9.67%, 6.45%, 5.37%, 5.91%, 9.13%,4.83%, 3.76%,5.37% and 4.30% clones were rejected, due to poor growth, pithiness, low brix %age, aerial roots, cracks sprouts disease susceptibility, insect/pest infestation, hairiness lodging and short nodal length respectively.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of Marvelon in treating adolescent DUB.Methods All 21 cases with during March 2010 to August 2011 in our hospital were enrolled,which were put into two groups as therapy group and control group.And the efficacy of two groups were compared and analyzed.Results There were significant differences between two groups in hemostatic time and the time of emmenia recovery(P0.05).Conclusion Marvelon shows pretty efficacy and safety in treating adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding which can obviously improve emmenia cycle.It deserves clinical promotion.


Le Clezio's new book "Urania" pursues an ideal natural life which is opposed to modern civilization.The "Campos" depicted in the book is not a template of ideal society.It is neither Western-styled utopia,nor Chinese-styled paradise.With a deep sense of Zen,the work reveals that the social ideal is,in essence,a kind of Zenist life,which is free from separation and which leads objects and oneself to the soul and to the illusion.


(1941). Content Analysis of the Nine Most Recent Textbooks in General Psychology. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 257-260.


As a naturalistic form of communication, direct-speech brain-computer interfaces (DS-BCIs) give users the possibility of 'reading the mind'. The understanding of brain processing in the spoken speech is the bridge to the ideal DS-BCI, and lexical tones as an important element in tone languages like Mandarin are desirable to be well explored. This work studied the classification of four Mandarin tones in spoken speech by using electroencephalogram (EEG). Specially, a speech pronunciation experiment was performed to include imagined, intended, and spoken states. The multiple combinations of vowels, consonants, and tones constituted monosyllables as the stimuli. Common spatial pattern (CSP) and Riemannian manifold were used as feature extraction methods, and linear discriminant analysis as classifier. Result showed that the four-class classification accuracy of the Riemannian manifold-based method across all participants was 42.9%, which was 12.3% higher than that of the CSP-based method. This work suggested that the spoken Mandarin tones were decodable with corresponding EEG signals.


Objective: This article identifies situations wherein an evidence base exists for informing the use of pharmacogenomic testing in treating comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders. Method: A review of literature was conducted to identify medical conditions with frequent psychiatric comorbidity that had level 1 evidence or meta-analytic studies related to pharmacogenomic factors as they relate to safety, tolerability, efficacy, or cost. Results: Three situations met inclusion criteria: tamoxifen clinical response, warfarin clinical management, and opioid pain management. Each of these situations is associated with elevated risk of mood or anxiety disorders. For tamoxifen, cancer recurrence risk is the primary indicator for the need for testing. For warfarin, patient safety is paramount. For opioid management, efficacy and tolerability are primary indications for pharmacogenomic testing. Conclusion: Available clinical data and cost effectiveness data sug- gest that for tamoxifen patients, pharmacogenomic testing should be routine. In patients treated with warfarin, testing is supported by cur- rent safety and clinical evidence in patients who are unable to obtain a stable international normalized ratio level. Testing of analgesic patients is indicated if there is demonstrated treatment non-response or unexpected tolerability. Additional clinical applications of pharmacogenomic testing of patients with comorbid medical-psychiatric illness will be justified by the outcomes of future studies examining effects such as clinical outcome, patient safety, efficacy, and cost.


Background: There is a calamitous need to explore the impact of HPV on well-established risk profile of oral cancer which is poorly understood. Aim: Prioritizing this situation, we aimed to investigate the impact of HPV on well-established risk profile of oral cancer in Sri Lanka, using a representative sub sample consisted of 29 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases(OSCC) and 25 fibro epithelial polyps (FEP), from a large case control study conducted in Sri Lanka. Methodology: Incisional biopsies of cases and excisional biopsies of controls were collected, transported, stored at =80 0 C and dispatched as frozen tissues. DNA was extracted from frozen specimens, using the Gentra Puregene Tissue kit (Qiagen, Germany), solid tissue protocol according to the manufacturer's instructions. Nested PCR was performed to detect HPV and HPV geno types were discovered by sequencing. Results: HPV was detected in 4/54 (7.4 %) of overall samples. Upon sequencing, high risk HPV α 9 and HPV 31 were detected in controls and not in the HPV positive OSCC case. between cases and controls*. Moreover, statistically significant difference was obtained in mean ages of cases and controls. (p= 0.0001)*. Cases were older than controls. Conclusion: There was no impact of HPV on established risk profile of oral cancer in Sri Lanka. This high light the emerging importance of investigating the HPV status of young OSCC cases without known aetiology.


The utility model discloses a double-saw-web cutting machine which comprises a machine base, a containing platform and cutting devices, wherein the containing platform and the cutting devices are mounted on the machine base. The containing platform is mounted on the machine base in a back and forth movable mode, each cutting device comprises a tool apron, a driving motor mounted on the tool apron and a disc-type tool mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor, stand columns for the tool aprons to be mounted are arranged on the machine base, the tool aprons can be mounted on the stand columns in an up and down lifting mode, and the driving motors are mounted on the tool aprons in a rotatable mode. The number of the cutting devices is two, the two cutting devices are correspondingly located on the left side and the right side of the machine base respectively, and the stand columns for the two cutting device to be mounted are correspondingly arranged on the left side and the right side of the machine base respectively. According to the double-saw-web cutting machine, cutting and sawing operation can be carried out on the two sides of plates on the containing platform simultaneously through the two cutting devices, transposition and moving are not needed to be carried out on the plates by operation workers, operation is relatively convenient, working load of the workers is reduced, and working effects can be improved obviously.


When the multiresolutional analysis method is applied to reduce the number of particles in particle filter,it may cause the drop of filtering accuracy.Aiming at this problem,a size control-based multiresolutional particle filter is proposed.The method predicts the possible enlarging of error by observing the quasi-measurement error probability density,and then increases the size of sample set when the filtering is becoming unsteady by quasi-Monte Carlo sampling or multiplying the original particle set to avoid the possible divergence.The simulation results show that the algorithm maintains the estimation performance of particle filter,meantime also reduces the number of particles and improves the computation efficiency.


Training neural networks in classification problems, especially when biological data are involved, is a very challenging task. Many training algorithms have been proposed so far to improve the performance of neural networks. A popular approach is to use batch learning that employs a different adaptive learning rate for each weight. Most of the existing algorithms of this class are based on the use of heuristics, and they don't guarantee convergence to a local minimiser from any initial weights set. In addition, they converge frequently to local minima, particularly when training starts far away from a minimiser. To alleviate this situation, this PhD thesis proposes new methods that overcome these problems. It proposes a new class of sign–based schemes with adaptive learning rates that are based on the composite nonlinear Jacobi process. It develops an adaptation strategy that ensures the search direction is a descent one and the decrease of the batch error is guaranteed. Moreover, it equips the new algorithms with the global convergence property; i.e. it proves convergence to a local minimiser from any remote starting point. The problem of occasional convergence to local minima is then dealt within the context of global search methods by proposing a hybrid-learning scheme that combines deterministic and stochastic search, and adaptive learning rates. Stochastic search is explored in the context of Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics, by modifying the error surface during training using perturbations generated by the q-nonextensive entropic index. The proposed algorithms are applied to train feed-forward neural networks and diverse neural ensembles in biological and bioinformatics datasets.


Math modeling of a low-data-rate optical communication system is presented and compared with recent testing results over ranges up to 100 m in an indoor tunnel at Kennedy Space Center. Additional modeling of outdoor testing results at longer ranges in the open atmosphere is also presented. The system modeled is the Army's Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) that has been used as a tactical training system since the early 1980s. The objective of the current modeling and testing is to obtain target hit zone profiles for the M16A2/M4 rifles and establish a data baseline for MILES that will aid in its upgrade using more recently developed lasers and detectors.


Two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence — total correlation spectroscopy (2D HSQC-TOCSY) was used to make end-to-end sequential assignments and determine stereochemical configuration at the triad, tetrad and pentad levels of poly(acrylic acid). The pseudo three-dimensional experiment allows heteronuclear (13C-1H) as well as homonuclear (1H-1H) corelations in a single 2D NMR experiment. The stereochemical configuration assignment is based on sequential identification of neighboring species. For example, a mmr tetrad resonance (methylene-13C) is determined by its correlations to the mm and mr triad resonances (methine) that constitute it. Hence, it is independent of chemical shift and peak intensity estimates that are requisites of the conventional method. This self-consistent technique enables absolute assignments of all magnetically unique tetrads and some of the pentad resonances. In addition, some resonances in the methylene and methine regions that have been difficult to characterize by conventional techniques were unequivocally assigned to endgroup resonances and other polymerization by-products of the low-molecular-weight poly(acrylic acid).


Protection and preservation of cultural heritage is an important responsibility for policy makers, public and private institutions, and the citizens themselves. Technologists can make an important contribution by designing monitoring systems for these sites and using the data to prevent incidents. Internet‐of‐things technology offers, for a sustainable price and with significant flexibility, a wide range of different possibilities, fitting different circumstances: from monitoring the environmental parameters of a room in a museum to sensing structural changes in a historical building and to protecting vulnerable artifacts. In this paper, we consider the case of monitoring an extended cultural heritage area: a UNESCO protected site, the center of Matera, an Italian town that will be a European Capital of Culture in 2019. This city is a unique historical settlement, as buildings are partially carved into the rock that constitutes the geological substrate of the area, a local practice used since the prehistoric age. The extent and density of these structures makes the physical protection of the site a big challenge when the expected large crowds of tourists arrive. The objective of the proposed system is to anticipate the threats in a timely manner so that appropriate actions are taken by the authorities thus avoiding damage to the cultural heritage sites.


The focus on corporate governance has grown exponentially over the last decade. As evidenced by the increasing number of codes of best practice developed by leading international bodies such as the OECD, the Commonwealth and CalPERS (refer Demirag et al. (2000) for a fuller list of publications), corporate governance reform has now become a key global issue. Not only do factors such as the increasing globalisation of financial markets, the growth in multinational corporations and regional economic developments motivate the need for good corporate governance, but the recent spate of large corporate collapses such as Enron and WorldCom in the United States and HIH Insurance in Australia clearly signal the urgency for significant improvements in corporate accountability and reporting.


The topic of this chapter is the exact and approximate analysis of G/G/1 queues. In the next section we first consider the model with phase-type service times. Phase-type distributions may be used to approximate any non-negative distribution arbitrarily close; see e.g. [9, 10]. The waiting time distribution for this model can be determined exactly by means of the spectral expansion method. In Section 10.2 we present some simple approximations for the first two moments and the distribution of the waiting time for the model with general (not necessarily phase-type) service times.


The purpose of this essay is to trace the trends in the flow of economic assistance to India during the 1951–61 period of the First and Second Five Year Plans. The essay is further intended to provide a detailed review of the amounts. types. purposes and sources of the assistance received by India. 1 This essay is part of a larger work. under preparation wbere tbe actual contribution of the foreign assistance to Indian economic and social development is heinl analysed.View all notesThe data on the assistance during the period under review has been collected and collated on the basis of the definition of assistance given below.


Extensive site-specific-study was carried out for Havasan earth dam site located on Darzanganeh River in northwest of Iran. The dam"s left abutment lies on Eocene formations very near to Zagros Mountain Front Fault (ZMFF) and total measured dextral displacement along it is about 600 m. Dense distribution of large landslides parallel to ZMFF shows frequent landslides that were induced by earthquakes and have created artificial dams. Three thick layers of lake deposits were also recognized by mapping and drillings. Earthquakes which were detected following a thermo-luminescence dating on samples of the lake deposits as well as historical earthquake data represent that ZMFF ruptures may follow a time-predictable earthquake model. Considering the elapsed time of the last earthquake and the slip rate on ZMFF makes it possible to estimate the magnitude of the next earthquake, if any, in the dam useful life.


Background: The evolutionary history of family 2 polysaccharide lyases is unknown. Results: Functional analysis highlights a key lysine-tryptophan transition involved in exolysis. Conclusion: Subtle changes in amino acid structure can transform enzyme activity. Significance: Combinatorial use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, gene resurrection, and structure-function analysis is valuable for elucidating the function and evolutionary history of polysaccharide lyases. Family 2 polysaccharide lyases (PL2s) preferentially catalyze the β-elimination of homogalacturonan using transition metals as catalytic cofactors. PL2 is divided into two subfamilies that have been generally associated with secretion, Mg2+ dependence, and endolysis (subfamily 1) and with intracellular localization, Mn2+ dependence, and exolysis (subfamily 2). When present within a genome, PL2 genes are typically found as tandem copies, which suggests that they provide complementary activities at different stages along a catabolic cascade. This relationship most likely evolved by gene duplication and functional divergence (i.e. neofunctionalization). Although the molecular basis of subfamily 1 endolytic activity is understood, the adaptations within the active site of subfamily 2 enzymes that contribute to exolysis have not been determined. In order to investigate this relationship, we have conducted a comparative enzymatic analysis of enzymes dispersed within the PL2 phylogenetic tree and elucidated the structure of VvPL2 from Vibrio vulnificus YJ016, which represents a transitional member between subfamiles 1 and 2. In addition, we have used ancestral sequence reconstruction to functionally investigate the segregated evolutionary history of PL2 progenitor enzymes and illuminate the molecular evolution of exolysis. This study highlights that ancestral sequence reconstruction in combination with the comparative analysis of contemporary and resurrected enzymes holds promise for elucidating the origins and activities of other carbohydrate active enzyme families and the biological significance of cryptic metabolic pathways, such as pectinolysis within the zoonotic marine pathogen V. vulnificus.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Introduction Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for prevalent and incident incontinence. The prevalence of incontinence has been reported to be as high as 60% to 70% among severely obese women. Objective: Determine the urinary incontinence in women with obesity and the effect of bariatric surgery at 3, 6 and 12 months later. METHODS: Materials and Methods: The present study is observational, analitic, prospective and longitudinal. Obese adult women, who underwent bariatric surgery from May 2017 to February 2018, were included. Performing a bivariate statistical analysis using Chi square and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Results: 67 patients in total, 73.1% had some type of UI, average age 42.7 years, pre-surgical weight 108.3 kg and BMI of 42.7kg / m2 (Table1). Stres UI (55.1%). 73% had UI, stress UI is the most frequent type in 55%. In 65% mild incontinence was present, 30% affecting their quality of life. At 12 months after surgery: weight mean: 78 kg, and body mass index: 30.9 Kg/m2 and the persistence of UI was 13.4%. With chi-square analysis: Type and frequency of Incontinence as well as Quality of life were statistically significant difference between before and after surgery. (Table. 2) The complete resolution was present in 81% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: In our study confirmed that weight loss after bariatric surgery has a high resolution of UI, and should be considered as the first line of treatment. Although the main objectives of bariatric surgery are to reduce cardiovascular morbidities, the recovery and / or improvement of UI must be evaluated routinely, offering another important long-term benefit. Table. No title available. Table. No title available. Source of Funding: NONE


Objective:To sum up the clinical experience of ejecting liquid plaster in treating distal fractures of radius in elderly patients.Methods:From March 2010 to September 2010,26 elderly patients with distal fractures of radius were all treated with ejecting liquid plaster,including 9 males and 17 females,aging 58-89 years(mean 63.5 years).Among the patients,falling injuries in 19 cases,traffic injuries in 6 cases and heavy pound injury in 1 case.The visiting time was from 30 minutes to 6 hours.All fractures were closed,without vessel and nerve injuries.According to AO classification,there were 4 in type A2,6 in A3,3 in B2,4 in C1 and 3 in C2.Batra wrist function scores standard was used to evaluate the clinical effects.Results:All patients were followed up for 6 months to15 months with an average of 10.5 months.Re-displacement occurred in 1 case and re-reduction was performed.Radial shorten of 1 case in later period occurred and surgical treatment was strongly demanded.According to the criterion of Batra,the results were excellent in 9 cases,good in 13,fair in 3 and poor in 1,with the mean score 88.75±0.30.Conclusion:Treatment of distal fractures of radius in elderly patients with ejecting liquid plaster is a reliable treatment,which has advantages of stable fixation and good function of wrist joint.It is worthily recommended in the clinical application.


New flow reactor measurements are reported of the intrinsic kinetics of the gasification of solid boron by each of these important vapors: B2O3(g), O2(g), CO2(g), and H2O(g) at surface temperatures between 1330 and 2050 K. For illustrative purposes, our data for the remarkably efficient B2O3(g)/B(s) reaction and the O2(g)/B(s) reaction are used to discuss the expected sequence of rate-controlling processes for the combustion of individual B(s) particles in air under typical ramjet conditions. A diagram of (log-) particle diameter vs (log-) chamber pressure is shown to be particularly useful for this purpose, as well as to display the onset of noncontinuum behavior and the locus of expected particle extinction due to passivation associated with the kinetically controlled onset of condensed B2O3 on the gas/solid interface. In this way we show that, whereas most previous boron particle combustion and extinction laboratory experiments have been performed in the regime of gas-phase diffusion control, under conditions of actual ramjet interest the gas/solid kinetics for the efficient B2O3(g)/B(s) reaction and the slower O2(g)/B(s) reaction, as well as noncontinuum transport effects, become rate limiting.


The concept of CSR was developed before four decades ago as a 'social responsibility of company', but its scope and nature have not unanimously agreed among scholars of different fields including policy makers. Initially, it was invented by business economist to balance companies profit objective against other stakeholders. Among early writers, Carroll, was credited for constructing the 'dimension' of responsibility of business for its owners, workers and the wider community at large. However, these 'dimensions' constructed by Carroll, were controversial whether the company's profit making objective can be taken as a responsibility, besides its in ability to discern traditional duties of business from voluntary act. Currently, there is a tendency to mix this concept with sustainable development, with a new, evolving, general, and complex concept, which rendered the boundary of this concept unlimited, and conceptually vague. This raises many issues about the concept as well as the nature of responsibility. This article tries to revisit the underlying idea of CSR from legal point of view to overcome conceptual intrigue. After conceptual analysis, this paper concludes that it is a misconception to consider company's profit objective as responsibility. In legal terms, responsibility entails a duty imposed by law towards other which the failure to perform entails liability. Furthermore, the early conception limits the legal dimensions to company's compliance with basic duties of business-like paying taxation, duty of registration, and so on. Though, these duties are imposed by law on every business, other legal duties which termed as 'ethical responsibility' such as consumer protection, prohibition against fair competition, respect for labour rights and quite recently environmental protection etc, can also be safely categorized under legal duties. In this regard, only charitable activities can be safely categorized as moral or ethical duty.


The aim of wound management is to optimize healing in an effort to return the horse to its previous function as rapidly as possible, while respecting the financial constraints of the owner. Infection, with its associated excessive or inappropriate inflammation, is the single most likely cause of delayed healing of wounds healing by second intention. Effective wound preparation, exploration, cleansing via irrigation, and debridement are central to reducing the incidence of infection and promoting uncomplicated healing of accidental wounds. Antimicrobial drugs should be used only when there is clinical evidence of infection or when development of an infection would be life-threatening or career-ending for the patient. Although empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy may be used initially, definitive selection of antimicrobial drugs should be based on the results of bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of isolates. The use of antimicrobial drugs in surgical wounds should never replace aseptic and atraumatic surgical technique. Where there is evidence of formation of biofilm, repeat debridement and topical administration of antimicrobial drugs should be central to any treatment plan.


Blends of poly(phenylene oxidc) (PPO) with high impact polystyrene (HIPS) have been injection moulded. Tensile dilatometry was used to study the deformation behaviour of the blends. The results showed that pure PPO polymer deforms via shield yielding whereas HIPS deforms by a crazing process. In addition, shearing was the predominant deformation mode in PPO-HIPS blends, with dilation accounting for only 2-4.5% of the total strain for blends containing up to 20 wt-% HIPS. However, cavitation of elastomeric particles led to a small increase in the volume strain of the 70:30 PPO-HIPS blend. The plastic volume strain appeared to show a significant increase for a HIPS content of 50 wt-%, and above. The 50:50 PPO-HIPS blcnd deformed by a combination of crazing and shield yielding. This blend was observed to exhibit the highest fracture toughness.


As one of the traditional media, State Farm TV programs suffers negative impacts from new media. In this connection, Program marketing is vital for its long- term development. Taking Heilongjiang State Farm Television Station as an example, the study analyzes the necessity of the study of program marketing. The station should enhance program marketing awareness, give attention to brand positioning,promotion, and innovation. In doing so, it could harness synergy of program resources, elevate quality of programs and create a new normal of state farm TV programs.


On the basis of geologic factor,terrain factor,inducing factor and artificial factor that affected the occurrence of geo-hazards,we selected the typical route,surveyed the status of geo-hazards,summarized the rules,extracted the factors,created the indicator system of geo-hazard zonal assessment,assessed the status of geo-hazards in the test zone through which the typical route passed,testified the feasibility of applying the route survey results in the assessment of zonal geo-hazards,which is of great value to the districts where surveyors cannot access and the remote sensing technique isn't applicable.


E-learning systems have major benefits but also pose major challenges. One of these is how to do a good job of tutoring students without face-to-face contact. This calls for the interpretation of large quantities of data generated as a result of the activities performed by students, which e-learning platforms collect and store. These data are also potentially very useful for preventing student dropout. We propose the use of knowledge discovery techniques to analyse historical student course grade data in order to be able to predict in real time whether or not a student will drop out of a course in the future. Logistic regression models are used for the purpose of classification. Experiments conducted with data on over 100 students for several real distance learning courses confirm the predictive power of our proposal that outperforms other existing approaches in terms of accuracy.


The aim of the paper is to describe the methodology of creating a digital model of human using an optical 3D scanner. This methodology consists of several main phases, such as preparing the scan for human movement, scanning in the shortest possible time, and processing the data obtained by scanning. The data processing itself is divided into other sub-phases, which describe the individual steps necessary to create a digital model. The paper describes obstacles that need to be eliminated or minimized during 3D scanning in order not to disrupt the integrity of the model and to create a digital model.


The purpose of this action research project was to investigate the effects of music and visual cues on transition times. This research took place in a Primary Montessori classroom with children ranging from 3-5 years of age in a public, partial magnet, urban K3-8th school. Data was collected for four weeks using a transition time log, behavior tally sheets, teacher journal, and student attitude scales. The results of the study showed a slight decrease in transition times, and a larger decrease in disruptive behaviors using both music and visual cues. Although the transition time decreases were less than expected, the larger decrease in disruptive behaviors had a positive impact on the classroom environment throughout the day. Implications include extending the length of the study to see if there is a more significant decrease in transition times and extending the visual cues into the work cycle to create a more peaceful work time.


Abstract 1.1. Bilateral mixed tumors of the parotid salivary gland are rare. 2.2. The tenth case of bilateral mixed tumor of the parotid salivary gland is reported and added to the medical literature.


Dear Editors: This letter is in response to the letter to the Editor by Siegel, Stabin, and Sharkey regarding renal dosimetry, and their corresponding article, which appears in this current issue of Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. Because of publication deadlines associated with this issue of the journal, and the unusual nature of the exchange (authors writing a letter to the editor in response to their own article), we did not have sufficient time to address all issues and criticisms that Siegel et al. highlighted in their letter. Accordingly, this letter only responds to the major items of discussion raised in the article and letter by Siegel et al., and is signed only by MIRD Pamphlet 20 authors that had an opportunity to review this response. The major issues include:


Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods have emerged as the two main tools to sample from high-dimensional probability distributions. Although asymptotic convergence of MCMC algorithms is ensured under weak assumptions, the performance of these latters is unreliable when the proposal distributions used to explore the space are poorly chosen and/or if highly correlated variables are updated independently. In this thesis we propose a new Monte Carlo framework in which we build efficient high-dimensional proposal distributions using SMC methods. This allows us to design effective MCMC algorithms in complex scenarios where standard strategies fail. We demonstrate these algorithms on a number of example problems, including simulated tempering, nonlinear non-Gaussian state-space model, and protein folding.


Female entrepreneurship is a famous building block of economy. It is a technique to create employment that could pay back to self-growth which ultimately leads to economic growth. It is smartly contracting with various economic and social barriers around the globe. Economic inequality and joblessness are main concerns to Pakistan in present days. Entrepreneurship; is an asset which is able to eliminate all the evils linked with economic prosperity, social inequalities and job creation. The prime focus of this investigation was to determine the social, cultural and economic insinuations of women entrepreneurship and also determine the basis and motivational features, obstructions and gender biasness. The findings of the study exposes that large number of women entrepreneurs begun their business with great motivation to raise the monetary levels of their families and self-interest. Statistical investigations indicate an important linkage between job experience of business of the female entrepreneurs and their views about women entrepreneurship. Findings explain important linkages between monthly earnings of the female entrepreneurs and their views about women entrepreneurship. Keywords: Women entrepreneurs, Motivation, Pakistan


Eutrophication is a process that results in excessive phytoplankton blooms, which sink to the sediment and enrich the organic matter (OM). This alters the available resources to benthic organisms and may have consequences for feeding ecology and reproduction strategies of marine populations. While effects of eutrophication on biodiversity are well documented, the more subtle effects of OM on population dynamics and diet plasticity are understudied. We performed a reciprocal transfer experiment with the benthic bioindicator amphipod Monoporeia affinis from two stations in the Baltic Sea with differing sediment OM (low and high) creating four treatments (low control, low transferred, high transferred, and high control). We investigated sediment OM effects on: i) the dietary niche and organism body condition of two different life stages of M. affinis utilizing bulk stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N, and C:N ratio; and ii) M. affinis fecundity and embryo viability. There was no initial significant differences between the females from different stations in terms of δ13C, δ15N, C:N, fecundity or viable embryos. However, we found that moving females from high OM to low OM (where the low OM sediment has higher δ15N and lower δ13C) significantly depleted their 13C values, while amphipods in low OM sediment had always significantly enriched 15N regardless of female origin indicating feeding on the new sediment. Although end-of-experiment females had lower C:N than initial females, individuals in low OM sediment presented significantly higher C:N (indicating higher body condition) than those in high OM sediment. Conversely to adult amphipods, no effects of OM were seen for juveniles δ13C or δ15N, but their individual biomass was larger in high OM sediment treatments and high OM transferred to low OM sediment. Our results indicate that the low range of sediment OM tested here altered female amphipod δ13C, δ15N and C:N ratios, with those in low OM treatments having a better body condition, but those in high OM treatments had a greater reproductive success in terms of offspring biomass. Our findings suggest a tradeoff between female condition and reproduction and indicates that even relatively small levels of sediment organic enrichment will impact female condition. Our study provides valuable information useful to interpret the effects of OM on amphipod populations used as bioindicators for anthropogenic impacts.


In this paper, a new technique for designing low-profile, ultra-wideband, true-time-delay (TTD) microwave lenses is proposed. Such a lens is composed of numerous spatial TTD units distributed over a planar surface. Each spatial TTD unit is the unit cell of an appropriately-designed metamaterial structure, which is composed entirely of non-resonant constituting elements. The proposed TTD lens is a low-profile structure with an overall thickness of only 0.15λ0 and uses spatial TTD units with dimensions of 0.19λ0 × 0:19λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency of operation. Unlike most metamaterial lenses, which tend to be narrow band and highly dispersive, the proposed lens has a wide operational bandwidth of 30% and a high system fidelity factor close to 1. Furthermore, due to its true-time-delay nature, the fabricated lens prototype does not suffer from chromatic aberration within its operational band. When used in a beam-scanning antenna system, the fabricated prototype demonstrates an excellent scanning performance in a field of view of ±60°.


The Amazon context expressed in this text results from the experience of teacher training actions of the Escola da Terra Program, in 46 municipalities in the State of Amazonas, through the Faculty of Education, of the Federal University of Amazonas, which offered the Course of Improvement in Rural Education – Pedagogical Practices. Escola da Terra is an action of the former Department of Continuing Education, Literacy, Diversity and Inclusion (SECADI/MEC), in partnership with Higher Education Institutions, with State and Municipal Education Departments. In this way, it was possible to provide continuing education to teachers who work in multi-grade schools in the Amazonian countryside. The objective of the study was to socialize this experience of continuing teacher education developed by the Faculty of Education/UFAM, whose work has been developed for more than five years in the form of an action research methodological approach. As a result, we found out that 2,724 teachers from the interior of the State were assisted, who developed works with a focus on the formative times of alternation, associating teaching with research. As for the final considerations of the study, it is possible to say that the actions are important for the training of teachers of the multigrade classes of rural schools in Amazonas, since they strengthen the culture of Amazonian rural subjects.


With the legal progress in universities,the goal of legalization of university has been established and developed to some degree.University legal culture is the core and the drive of the legal construction.The cultivation of the culture is of great significance to strengthening university legal construction.In the light of the problems in constructing university legal culture such as the lack of legal conception and subjective consciousness,It is necessary to promote the legal progress in university through strengthening the construction of legal system,and the research of the theory of legal culture in university,creating and popularizing the conception of legal culture in university.


From the beginning of the 70 ́s Crystallography has been an important tool to develop science and technology in Brazilian universities (USP, UNICAMP, UFMG, UFPr, etc.) and research centers (CBPF, IPEN, Petrobras, Inmetro, etc.). These facilities operate X-ray modern table-top sources and setups. In the last three decades, one of the main Brazilian scientific achievements has been the construction and operation of the first synchrotron light source in the southern hemisphere. Since 1996 the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) offers unique conditions for the use of crystallographic techniques to researchers of Latin America and other foreign countries. The LNLS was the starting point for the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) [1], a complex of four world-class laboratories for the development of scientific research. Each of the national laboratories has its own scientific staff and research programs. The LNLS experimental facilities can be accessed by the scientific and industrial communities to conduct structural studies, using more than 16 beamlines. The Brazilian National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio) was incorporated to the LNLS campus to conduct studies in the areas of Structural Biology, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, development of genetically modified organisms (GMO), bioinformatics and biological imaging, among other techniques. It recently installed protein crystallization facilities with modern robotic equipment. Important results on the ZIKV infection were recently reported [2]. The Brazilian Nanothechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) offers access to a number of powerful electron and scanning probe microscopes. Visiting researchers are encouraged to use the equipment themselves, trained by expert LNNano staff. New capabilities, such as the cryo-electron microscopy are typically made available to internal users first, while nanoand bio-scientists have the opportunity to analyze their samples using a variety of techniques. The Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE) offers research facilities to help establish Brazil as a leader in the production of bioethanol from sugar cane. CTBE houses a pilot production facility with six multipurpose units to enable researchers to investigate different stages of the production process [3]. Sirius, the new Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source [1] is under construction and it will be the largest and most complex scientific infrastructure ever built in the country and one of the first fourth-generation synchrotron light sources of the world. It is planned to put Brazil on the leading position in the production of synchrotron light and is designed to be the brightest of all the large installations in its energy class. It is predicted to be in operation at the end of 2019.


It appears that both the retrograde and antegrade approach to treating femoral shaft fractures yield high union and similar malunion rates. Those receiving antegrade nailing may heal faster although this was not consistent. Knee pain appears more common after retrograde nailing, whereas there were consistent findings in hip pain and heterotopic ossification predominating in those patients receiving antegrade nailing. Neither appears to significantly increase the risk of other complications. Functional outcomes cannot be determined.


It is inevitable for gear to become damaged, which has a profound effect on the performance of gear transmission systems. Solving the problem of gear fault detection using artificial intelligence models depends on sufficient fault samples, though they might not always exist. A new method using numerical simulation and a generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed to enlarge fault samples for detecting faults in gears. First, to supplement the missing fault samples, numerical simulation is employed to obtain simulation fault samples. Then, simulation and measurement fault samples are input into the GAN to generate synthetic fault samples to enlarge the training samples. Finally, the simulation, measurement and related synthetic fault samples serve as typical classifiers, including convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, and stacked autoencoder, while the test samples of unknown faults are finally detected. Three experimental groups are designed to classify gear faults. The average classification accuracy is 100, 98.83, and 97.64%, which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the method for detecting gear faults using incomplete fault samples. The idea presented herein is expected to apply in any type of mechanical system that has the corresponding well-constructed numerical simulation model.


Inclusive education within the United Arab Emirates has started to gain momentum and the roles of teachers have become more challenging. This study investigated teacher views surrounding the inclusion of SEN students into mainstream schools. A qualitative exploratory research design was employed and the social constructivist theory was used as a framework for the research. Purposive sampling was employed, and a total of seven teachers and four parents participated in the study. Thematic analysis was used and findings suggested that UAE teachers experienced various challenges due to the inclusion of SEN students into their schools. Some of the challenges included: lack of professional development, lack of managerial support, parental demands, cultural barriers and the lack of collaborative opportunities. The study recommended varied professional development workshops aimed at developing an understanding of SEN and inclusion within the UAE context


Summary In this article, I seek to understand why male sexual violence happens. I look specifically at the temporalities, and inevitably the spatialities, of a rape incident in the novel This Book Betrays my Brother by Kagiso Lesego Molope. In other words, I seek to answer the question: how does the timing of the rape enhance our understanding of why the rape happens and how the perpetrator conceives it? My feminist analysis combines theories of sexual violence and theories of women's time to unravel the motive for rape as represented in Molope's novel. Through the analysis, I extrapolate three major arguments from the novel: first, that male sexual violence is the result of masculine territorialisation of women's bodies; second, that the rape of lesbian and bisexual women is the result of heterosexual men's failure to accommodate alternative sexualities, hence their action to "discipline" the deviant bodies of women for transgressing the patriarchal sexual order; and lastly, that intra-racial sexual violence in particular is a consequence of the black man's desire for revenge against racial denigration.


The humanoid countenance technology played an extraordinary important role on the realization of emotional communication between humanoid robot and human.In this paper an analytical comparison was carried out firstly on the researches of expression robots of Hanson Robotic Technology Company and MIT of America,Waseda University and Tokyo University of Japan,and Harbin Polytechnic University of our country.And then the key technologies of research of expression robot were discussed on the aspects of its FACS theory,humanoid head mechanical design and robot emotions etc..Finally,analysis and prospects were made on the trend and problems need to be urgently solved in the development of expression robot.


The criminal individuals and organizations in today's world including terrorists have taken advantage of the available financial systems, to launder money from illegal proceeds and for their illegal activities. India is particularly under threat from terrorists and it also has been difficult to track down the finance of criminal elements. There have been some proposals in the past for Anti Money Laundering [AML] solutions. However none of them were able to be very effective in India, as our country's vastness, and lack of AML compliance by banks was not taken to consideration. In our approach, after considering the fact that the government in India plays a significant role in regulating the economy and financial practices, we propose a system in which there is central monitoring system, controlled by an independent central agency, which in turn is connected to many regional centres throughout the country, using agents technology. Each of these regional centres will be connected to banks within their given areas. The regional centres will monitor the transactions of all the different banks in a given area and report the suspicious customers back to the central monitoring system. Then central monitoring system reports to the officials concerned and it is investigated into. This is novel agent based approach for a national framework, which is India specific, will ensure the enforcement of AML laws in our country, as every bank will be required to register themselves with a regional monitoring system.


To overcome limitations of the morphological identification of some parasites (and their different developmental stages) to species, we have established a polymerase chain reaction‐linked single‐strand conformation polymorphism technique (PCR‐SSCP) utilizing the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS‐2) of ribosomal (r)DNA. This spacer was specifically chosen in the study of strongylid and ascarid nematodes because it is known to provide reliable species markers. The ITS‐2 from individual parasites was amplified by PCR, then denatured and subjected to electrophoresis on a mutation detection enhancement (MDE) (nondenaturing) gel matrix. PCR‐SSCP analysis showed that the single‐strand ITS‐2 patterns produced allowed the accurate identification of species. The method also allowed the display of (low‐level) variation in patterns within some species between different geographical isolates. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of PCR‐SSCP of ITS‐2 for the identification of nematode species and indicate its potential for resolving variation in the ITS‐2 sequence within species.


Background: Nutritional problems that occur in early life have serious consequences. Underweight in children under five accounts for 4.7% of deaths or two million deaths from all deaths of children under five in the world. Mother's Milk Breast milk is the best food because it contains balanced and perfect nutrition for baby's growth and development. However, considering that when mothers are unable to breastfeed or can only breastfeed partially, there is a legitimate market for breast milk replacement products (PASI) for infants as an effort to fulfill infant nutrition.
Methods: This research is a quantitative research with a correlational approach using a cross sectional design. This study aims to determine the relationship between the provision of breast milk substitutes with the nutritional status of infants at the UPT Puskesmas Aek Natolu, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency in 2021. The population in this study were all infants aged 6 months in the working area of the UPT Puskesmas Aek Natolu as many as 32 babies. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling so that the number of samples was 32 infants. Data analysis was carried out by statistical tests using chi-square with a significance degree of = 0.05.
Results: Most babies were not given PASI, as many as 22 people (68.7%) and a small portion were given PASI, namely 10 people (31.3%). Most of the reasons why babies were given PASI were recommended by family/friends as many as 5 people (50%), because 3 people did not get breast milk (30%) and a small part because the mother worked as much as 2 people (20%). Most of the baby's nutritional status is normal, as many as 25 people (78.1%.) and a small portion of the abnormal status is as many as 7 people (21.9%). The results of the chi square test obtained a p-value = 0.019, this value < 0.005, this means that there is a significant relationship between the provision of Breast Milk Substitutes (PASI) and the nutritional status of infants.


Dust explosions in the process industries 2003 , Dust explosions in the process industries 2003 , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


The invention discloses a smart home internet-of-things system based on an EIB/KNX bus. The system comprises a main controller and an I/O control board connected with the main controller through the internal data bus. The main controller is further connected with an EIB/KNX bus communication module and an infrared equipment interface through the internal data bus. The input end of the I/O control board is connected with a switch panel and a carbon dioxide sensor. The output end of the I/O control panel is connected with a smart switch output channel and a light-adjusting control output channel. The network end of the main controller is connected with a user interface terminal, and the main controller is provided with multiple serial ports to form a multi-serial-port server. The smart home internet-of-things system based on the EIB/KNX bus can be conveniently expanded and integrated, be compatible with access control of mainstream smart home products in the market and meet personalized custom-made control requirements.


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known as a key agent implicated in infections resulting in significant morbidity and mortality among patients. MRSA can develop resistant structure named biofilm. Among the various naturally occurring classes, chalcones are important intermediates for the biosynthesis of flavonoids. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate in vitro the inhibitory effect of chalcone on MRSA planktonic cells and biofilm. Around 111 Staphylococcus aureus locally isolated from different clinical specimens were collected in this study. Methicillin resistance was evaluated by detection mecA amplification by PCR assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chalcone was estimated by broth microdilution method. Moreover, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technique was employed for confirming the effect of chalcone on biofilm. The present findings revealed that MRSA constituted, nearly, (93.22 %) (55 isolates) of all S. aureus isolates. Most of MRSA isolates were able to form biofilms, around 70.9% have the capacity to form strong biofilm. Chalcone at MIC (5 μg/ml) significantly reduced the planktonic MRSA cells. Whereas at Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) (20 μg/ml) and sub MBIC (15 μg/ml)reduced biofilm formation significantly and this findings are confirmed by using Atomic force microscopy. In conclusion, suggest that chalcone could be a new agent for prevention of bacterial adherence to surfaces and could be identified as anew agent against S. aureus infection.


Abstract : Lately, DoD-contractor profitability has been very much an issue. Some feel low profits may convert defense business into a market of last resort. Others allege defense contractors earn excessive profits. We address the contradiction between these viewpoints. Specifically, we examine data covering 20 years, and study how the profitability of DoD contracts is influenced. We ask how profitable contractors re in their DoD versus commercial business segments, and whether the risk levels faced are equivalent. Our conclusions are that Program Managers (PM's) take advantage of the bargaining power they hold to buy goods at substantially lower profit margins when capacity utilization is low. The returns earned by contractors on DoD business are measurably lower than the returns on commercial business during periods of low capacity utilization. Also, the volatility of returns is higher for Dod business which means the risks are viewed by management as being somewhat higher. (Author)


With wide application of large-scale turbine-generator sets, the torsional vibration of large-scale turbine-generator set has become the focus of study. Exact measurement of torsional vibration is the key. Proceeding from actual conditions of turbine-generator set, this paper has fully considered the precision of measuring and actual demand for application and developed a new intelligent measurement system of torsional vibration. This system configured two channels of measuring torsional vibration and eight A/D channels that can accept voltage or current ranged from 4 to 20mA. So the system can measure not only torsional vibration of shafts but also other state parameters, such as three-phase currents, voltages and load of set. The system consists of sub intelligent acquiring card, main PC computer and monitoring program. Data exchange between sub system and main computer is accomplished with the help of the FIFO memory. This structure enables signal acquirement and analysis to operate simultaneously and make full of the real-time monitor function of microprocessor and the rapid data processing ability of PC. Adopting 80C196KC chip with 20MHz frequency as the core and making use of HSI function, the system realizes on-line exact measurement of torsional vibration with the resolution of 0.014°. The whole signal processing is controlled by program, which improves the system's flexibility, so that it can be used in many kinds of situations. According to the experiment result, it is proved that this system is easy in operation, steady in running and excellent in anti-interference ability.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts in vivo is orchestrated by cells of the osteoblast lineage such as periodontal ligament fibroblasts that provide the proper signals to osteoclast precursors. Although the requirement of cell–cell interactions is widely acknowledged, it is unknown whether these interactions influence the expression of genes required for osteoclastogenesis and the ultimate formation of osteoclasts. In the present study we investigated the effect of cell–cell interaction on the mRNA expression of adhesion molecules and molecules involved in osteoclast formation in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human primary periodontal ligament fibroblasts, both as solitary cultures and in co‐culture. We further analyzed the formation of multinucleated, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) positive cells and assessed their bone resorbing abilities. Interestingly, gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and of osteoclastogenesis‐related genes (RANKL, RANK, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β) was highly up‐regulated in the co‐cultures compared to mono‐cultures and the 5–10‐fold up‐regulation reflected a synergistic increase due to direct cell–cell interaction. This induction strongly overpowered the effects of known osteoclastogenesis inducers 1,25(OH)2VitD3 and dexamethasone. In case of indirect cell–cell contact mRNA expression was not altered, indicating that heterotypic adhesion is required for the increase in gene expression. In addition, the number of osteoclast‐like cells that were formed in co‐culture with periodontal ligament fibroblasts was significantly augmented compared to mono‐cultures. Our data indicate that cell–cell adhesion between osteoclast precursors and periodontal ligament fibroblasts significantly modulates the cellular response which favors the expression of osteoclast differentiation genes and the ultimate formation of osteoclasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 565–573, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Purpose: This study is aimed at preparing basic data to increase professionalism in nursing and effective counter-strategies against future infectious diseases For that purpose, this study investigated the experiences of nurses in a general hospital with an 800-bed size, temporarily closed after a confirmed case of COVID-19 Methods: This study was a qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews, and data were collected from 10 nurses in a university hospital temporarily closed from May 1 to June 13, 2020 Results: As a result of this study, the subjects were classified into 'COVID-19 and nursing', 'nursing work and vocation' and 'life changed with COVID-19' Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a need for education that nurtures the ability of nurses to screen patients with infectious diseases well and to skillfully wear and remove protective clothing In addition, in order to cultivate the expertise of nurses and respond efficiently to infectious diseases, a separate compensation, such as a risk allowance, is required along with the establishment of an infrastructure that fully supports personnel and supplies A mental health program to relieve stress is also required © 2020, Official of Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education All right reserved


Introduction. The p25 protein from Thermus aquaticus (Taq) was initially identified as a protein that bound preferentially to AT-rich DNA. The purified protein was characterized as a homodimer. In vitro, this protein displays nonsequence specific dsDNA-binding activity. Database searches revealed more than 30 gram-positive bacteria displaying a sequential similarity (30% identity) to p25. However, the precise roles of these proteins were unclear. Recently, Rex from Streptomyces coelicolor, one of the sequence homologues of Taq p25 (45% identity), was characterized as a novel redox sensing repressor. The DNA-binding site of Rex has been localized to an 8-bp inverted repeat recognition element called a ROP, which is located upstream of several respiratory genes, including the cydABCD and rex-hemACD operons. It has also been shown that the DNA-binding activity of Rex is regulated by the NADH/NADþ redox poise. NADþ competes with NADH for Rex binding, and a raised NADH/ NADþ ratio results in inhibition of the DNA binding of Rex. The sequence analysis has shown that Rex family proteins have a pyridine dinucleotide-binding domain, the Rossmann fold. However, NAD(H) binding to p25 has not been studied. Most recently, the X-ray structure of Taq p25 (Thermus aquaticus Rex; T-Rex) bound to NADH has been determined at 2.9 Å resolution, revealing a structural feature with two main domains organized as a domain-swapped homodimer and demonstrating that TRex exhibits functional characteristics similar to those of its homologue, Streptomyces coelicolor Rex. The Cterminal domain containing one NADH molecule belongs to the Rossmann fold family, whose members are commonly observed among the dinucleotide-dependent enzymes, whereas the N-terminal domain has a fold related to the winged helix DNA-binding motif. Here, we report the 2.16 Å resolution X-ray structure of Thermus thermophilus p25 encoded by the TTHA1657 gene, which is bound to NADH. Though Thermus thermophilus p25 is sequentially identical to Thermus aquaticus p25 and the two have very similar overall structures, several structural differences, including two newly found well-ordered sulfate anions in the N-terminal DNA-binding domain, were found in the present higher-resolution structure. These provide a structural insight into the DNA recognition by the Rex protein.


No barriers to growing a row Classical nucleation theory predicts that two-dimensional islands on a surface must reach a critical size before they continue to grow; below that size, they dissolve. Chen et al. used phage display to select for short peptides that would bind to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) (see the Perspective by Kahr and Ward). Hexagonal arrays of these peptides grew epitaxially as dimers but without a size barrier—the critical nuclei size was zero. Although two-dimensional arrays formed, growth occurred one row at time. Classical nucleation theory indeed predicts the absence of a barrier for such one-dimensional growth. Science, this issue p. 1135; see also p. 1111 The barrier-free, row-by-row assembly of peptides on a MoS2 surface confirms a prediction of classical nucleation theory. Assembly of two-dimensional (2D) molecular arrays on surfaces produces a wide range of architectural motifs exhibiting unique properties, but little attention has been given to the mechanism by which they nucleate. Using peptides selected for their binding affinity to molybdenum disulfide, we investigated nucleation of 2D arrays by molecularly resolved in situ atomic force microscopy and compared our results to molecular dynamics simulations. The arrays assembled one row at a time, and the nuclei were ordered from the earliest stages and formed without a free energy barrier or a critical size. The results verify long-standing but unproven predictions of classical nucleation theory in one dimension while revealing key interactions underlying 2D assembly.