This review examines the state of the field for chemically mediated interactions between marine angiosperms (seagrasses, mangroves, and salt marsh angiosperms) and their environments. Small scale interactions among marine angiosperms and herbivores, pathogens, fouling organisms, and competitors are explored, as are the roles of exudates from these plants in settlement and development of larval fishes and invertebrates. Ecosystem level effects are also examined including how antifeedant compounds alter herbivore behavior following plant senescence, as well as how plant secondary metabolites influence interactions across multiple trophic levels. While our understanding of chemical ecology of marine angiosperms lags behind that of terrestrial and other marine organisms, it is evident that ecological interactions among individual plants, populations, and communities are shaped by chemical cues and signals. Throughout this review, we point out areas of need for future study, and highlight opportunities for creative new directions in chemical ecology.


Introduction: The incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is believed to be low in India. Furthermore, there is no information on the incidence and outcome of autoimmune cytopenias. The incidence of autoimmune cytopenias is 5-10% at any point of the course of CLL. This diagnosis can have an important impact on therapeutic decisions. The prognostic significance of these autoimmune cytopenias in CLL continues to be a topic of debate. Methods: This was a retrospective study done at a tertiary level referral center in North India. Patient records of all CLL patients visiting the hematology clinic for the period 1994-2014 (20 years) were analyzed. Diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) was made according to standard criteria. The initial treatment options were categorized as prednisone, chlorambucil and observation. Responses were categorized as overall response rate (ORR) including CR+PR+SD and progressive disease (PD). Time to progression (TTP) was also calculated for each of the treatments and autoimmune cytopenias. Result: Out of a total of 412 CLL patients registered and following up at our clinic, a total of 62 patients (15.0%) developed autoimmune cytopenias. AIHA was seen in 21 patients (5.09%), ITP in 19 patients (4.6%) and PRCA in 22 (5.3%) patients. Autoimmune cytopenia at diagnosis was present in 44 and at follow-up in 18 patients. The median age of the patients was 63 years (SD±10.4). The median hemoglobin of patients with AIHA and PRCA was 70g/l (SD±28) and 60g/L (SD±16) respectively and median platelet count of patients with ITP was 81x109/L (SD±78.3). The best response to steroids was seen in patients with AIHA (ORR=71.4%) and ITP (ORR=80%), while only 40% PRCA patients show response to steroids. The response to chlorambucil was best for ITP (71.4%) followed by PRCA (33.3%) and AIHA (28.5%). The median time to progression of ITP, AIHA and PRCA patients on the above treatment options was 12, 6 and 0 months respectively (p Conclusions: Recent studies have shown contrasting results of autoimmune cytopenias in CLL with most studies showing no impact on overall survival and a few studies showing negative impact. While most studies have concentrated on the survival impact, there is paucity of data on the initial treatment options for these cytopenias and their follow-up. Our study shows that steroids which are the first line in autoimmune conditions are effective only in 70-80% of AIHA and ITP patients, while oral chemotherapy with chlorambucil is effective only in 70% ITP patients and a third of AIHA and PRCA patients. Most other patients have progressive disease. Even those who show initial responses to treatment ultimately progress with time to progression shortest for PRCA patients followed by AIHA and ITP. In conclusion initial treatment of autoimmune cytopenias may atmost delay starting standard therapy for CLL by a few months. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Chlorophyllin was extracted from pomegranate leaves powder by organic solvent,and sodium-zinc chlorophyllin was prepared from the chlorophyll extracted through the processes of saponification,zincking and basification,and the optimal reaction condition was determined by orthogonal and single factor experiments.Moreover,the stability of sodium zinc chlorophyllin was further studied.The results showed that the optimal extracting conditions were obtained as follows:the solvent was 80 % ethanol,the proportion of pomegranate leaves powder to solvent was 1∶12,the temperature was 60 ℃,and the extracting time was 8 h.The optimal zincking reaction conditions were obtained as follows: the weight ratio of pomegranate leaves powder to ZnSO4·7H2O was 1∶1.25,the reaction temperature was 60 ℃,the reaction time was 2 h,and the yield of the pigment was 2.74 %.The study also indicated that sodium-zinc chlorophyllin had stable character on water-solubilization,heating,oxidizing,reducing,and raying(pH:3.0~12.8),and it would not be influenced by some common food additives.


The paper reports the results of a survey investigating the practices of idea management in Slovenian companies. Idea management is a formalized mechanism for the creation of inventions and their transformation into innovations in the widest range of employees – nonprofessional inventors, as a rule. The survey discusses factors influencing idea management and, consecutively, the invention-innovation capabilities of a company. Special attention is paid to organizational issues of idea management. The decentralized supervisor-managed system, where the predominant responsibility for implementing idea management is entrusted to each line manager, proves to be essentially more successful than the traditional, centrally-driven model.


This study aims to examine the effect of the JUCAMA model on the learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students in fractional material and self-efficacy in fractions. The sample selection was chosen randomly as the experimental group and the control group. Data collection techniques for each group were given Reflection Symmetry Achievement Test (RSAT), and Fraction Self-Efficacy Scale (FSES) as pre-test and post-test. Covariance analysis was carried out to answer the research findings. In addition, five participants were interviewed to examine the source of self-efficacy which was a determinant of changes in the level of self-efficacy. The findings revealed that the JUCAMA model had a significant positive effect on student achievement in reflection and self-efficacy on fractional material.


Abstract. The problem of providing the population with quality, environmentally friendly food is of great medical and socio-economic importance. To stabilize the organoleptic characteristics of the product quality: preserving the brightness of color, aroma and taste, avoiding darkening and rotting of the fruit, during drying, they are pre-treated with sulfur dioxide (SO2). In Ukraine, SO2 is included in the list of permitted dietary supplements and is considered to be safe for health, while adhering to maximum permissible standards of use. However, the results of research by world scientists indicate that the consumption of products containing sulfur dioxide is harmful to human health. The purpose of these studies is to determine the dependence of organoleptic quality indicators of dried fruit samples on the safety index of sulfur dioxide content; to determine the effect of exposure of dried apricot samples in water (8-13 ° C) on the content of sulfur dioxide. The studies were conducted on the basis of the laboratory of organoleptic and physicochemical studies of the chemical and toxicological research department of the State Research Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertice (DNILDVSE). To control the quality of dried plums, dates and apricots, organoleptic studies were performed according to the requirements of DSTU 8471: 2015. To study the safety of these products, the total sulfur dioxide content was determined by acidimetric and nephelometric methods according to DSTU ISO 5522: 2004. The results of organoleptic studies indicate that each of the dried fruit samples tested met the organoleptic quality standards of DSTU 8471: 2015. The results of the physical and chemical studies indicate the safety of the data of the samples of dried fruits by the content of sulfur dioxide, as the obtained values did not exceed the maximum permissible norms for consumption: the average value of the total content of sulfur dioxide in the samples of dried plums - 30,8 ± 4,8 mg / kg, dried dates - 22,4 ± 2,8 mg / kg, dried apricots - 61,8 ± 13,1 mg / kg. Analyzing the results of organoleptic and physicochemical studies, we have not established a direct dependence of organoleptic quality indicators of dried fruits on the safety index of sulfur dioxide content. Experimental studies were also conducted to determine the effect of the exposure of the dried apricot samples (average total sulfur dioxide content - 61.8 ± 13.1 mg / kg) in water (8-13 °C) on the sulfur dioxide content. The results of determining the total content of sulfur dioxide in the tested samples of dried apricots indicate a significant (P <0.01) decrease in this indicator compared with the values of primary studies of SO2 content in these samples: No. 1 - 11 ± 0.2 mg / kg, No. 2 - 18 ± 0.2 mg / kg, No. 3 - 23 ± 0.1 mg / kg, No. 4 - 16 ± 0.2 mg / kg, No. 5 - 5 ± 0.1 mg / kg (decrease by 82, 80 , 2, 71, 69.2 and 81.4 % respectively). Keywords: dried fruits, organoleptic studies, sulfur dioxide content


The author analyzes the party system of Portugal during military dictatorship that emerged after the coup on 28 May 1926, briefly describes the essence of this authoritarian political regime, and considers the party system evolution from a "non-party" to actually a single-party one, which became the basis for Antonio Salazar's "New State" regime.


The lithography roadmap demands overlay reduction along with increased productivity. New applications are proposed as lithography solution for the 32-nm node and possibly beyond. Most of them require very tight overlay and multiple exposures. Major contributors in the overlay budget are coming from the exposure system, like thermal stability, lens aberrations stability, stage positioning and alignment. An additional complexity is the interaction with the actual process and the pattern on the reticle. To keep the lithography roadmap affordable, the cost per wafer needs to be tamed by boosting the productivity of the exposure tool. To enable new applications in a production environment a new generation lithographic exposure tools was developed, with improved overlay and increased productivity. The optical column contains an improved 1.35 NA immersion lens. Compared to the former generation the combination of overlay and productivity requirements are met by a high acceleration wafer stage along with a new stage position measurement system, introducing new technologies paving the way to meet the future roadmap requirements. The increased disturbances caused by the higher accelerations are countered by a short-beam interferometer system thus ensuring optimal positioning performance. Further productivity enhancements are reached by reducing non-exposure time. The latest performance results will be presented; this will include overlay results as well as other critical system performance data.


The invention discloses an automatic control system for suspension pouring.The system comprises a suspension pouring controller, a liquid steel injection device, a motor frequency converter and a feeding motor.The feeding motor is in transmission connection with a feeding device, a feeding metering device is installed on the feeding device and connected to the suspension pouring controller, and vortex generators are arranged at the discharging ends of the liquid steel injection device and the feeding device.Feeding data communication can be conducted in real time through the liquid steel injection device and the suspension pouring controller.The liquid steel injection device detects and processes liquid steel variable data in real time and outputs signals to the suspension pouring controller.The suspension pouring controller adjusts the rotating speed of the feeding motor according to the variable signals; the feeding metering device can also detect the flow fed in by a suspension agent in real time and transmit flow signals to the suspension pouring controller, the flow signals and the processing result are compared, and the rotating speed of the feeding motor is adjusted comprehensively.Human intervention in the process is avoided, automatic adjustment is achieved, proportion adjustment is accurate, and the system helps to guarantee the quality of castings.


The biodiversity crisis is not salient to many people. A zoo visit not only provides the opportunity to learn about the issue, but also provides direct experiences with animals that may increase public engagement. The present study used a nonequivalent pretest–posttest design to assess the impact of a zoo visit on conservation knowledge and engagement by comparing 88 visitors entering a zoo in Paris and 84 visitors on their way out. Those who had completed their visit scored higher on conservation knowledge, general concern about threats to biodiversity, and perceived self-efficacy to protect biodiversity. Notably, conservation knowledge was not highly correlated with the other dependent variables, but self-efficacy was significantly correlated with environmental concern, behaviour, and behavioural intent. We conclude that a zoo visit does have a positive impact on knowledge and concern, and by affecting self-efficacy, it has the potential to influence future behavior.


To investigate the relationship between the methylation of p15 gene and the genesis of kidney tumor in the development of Marek's disease(MD),300 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into control group and MD group.On 35,40 and 45 days-old,kidneys were collected and then pathologic changes were observed in the experimental replication MD cases and the variations of methylation of p15 gene in the genesis and development of kidney tumor of chicks with MD were detected by the methylated specific PCR.The results showed that the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of the kidney in the MD group were in accord with characteristics of MD,indicating that MD model was successfully generated.No methy-lation of p15 gene was generated in the control group,while 61.7% of methylation of p15 gene was found in the MD group,which was significantly higher(P0.01) than that in the control group in time-dependent manner.It was concluded that the methylation of p15 gene was intimately relevant to the genesis and development of MD.


We present a theoretical essay approaching the question: according to which paradigm will we reorganize ourselves as a human society facing the experience of the Pandemic? To ecologize knowledges by articulating and establishing relations among different theories and forms of knowledge, we offer clues and possibilities to create forms of acting in life, especially in education practices, taking this moment we are living in as a trigger for transformations. In this way, we suggest the method of complexity as a strategy to redimension our way of understanding what we are living and transforming our way of acting. We emphasize the need of overcoming the current objectivism and rationalism, and proposing the systemic vision that includes the reflective, active, strategist subject as co-creator of the reality in which he lives. In this way, we suggest that educational practices need to be configured as a cognitive ecology, the result of the articulation of various contexts, coexistence scenarios, where teachers and students act together, taking care of each other and co-creating learning contexts in the experience. This approach can give rise to a form of education founded on a dynamic based on cooperating and sharing in circularity, surpassing control and judgment and enhancing the empowerment of being.


The present invention relates to a water treatment device and flue gas condensation processing method, the means for adjusting tank ensure the normal operation of the wastewater treatment system; pH adjusting tank for pH control, water separator, a floatation deoiling; biological aerobic tank, for the removal of organic matter in sewage; flocculated into large particles can be precipitated particles will be difficult to direct coagulation flocculation precipitation; sedimentation, coagulation and flocculation tank for flocculation agglomerated precipitated and separated contaminants formed; a filter for removing suspended solids and particulate adhesive; heat treatment system for the condensing water heating; reverse osmosis treatment system for removing condensed water various ions; disinfection tank, for disinfecting and decoloring of the condensed water, for reuse or discharge. By the present invention the device or method of the effluent discharge standards for flue gas condensation water.


Summary.  Background: In recent years it has become clear that factor (F)VIIa is not a passive mediator involved in the linear transduction of the coagulation cascade, but actively engages target cells to induce signal transduction and that this signal transduction fulfills critical functions in angiogenesis, arteriosclerosis and inflammatory processes. Objectives: The details of coagulation factor‐dependent signal transduction are among the least understood in biology and thus we set out to establish the molecular events responsible for MAP kinase activation induced by the interaction of FVIIa with its cellular binding partner tissue factor (TF). Methods: Two different TF‐expressing cell types, BHKTF and HaCaT cells, were assayed for p21Ras activation using a pull‐down assay that is specific for activated Ras. This activation was visualized by means of Western blotting. In addition, the upstream pathways leading to FVIIa‐induced Ras activation were characterized using phosphospecific antibodies and specific inhibitors. Results: We observed that in both BHKTF and HaCaT cells FVIIa‐induced MAP kinase activation correlates with p21Ras activation, and that this p21Ras activation is essential for FVIIa‐induced MAP kinase activation. In BHKTF cells, early p21Ras activation was mediated by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), whereas late p21Ras activation employed alternative mechanisms. In HaCaT cells, stimulation of the Src kinase family mediated FVIIa‐dependent p21Ras activation. Finally, in both cell types, Raf activity was mandatory for MAP kinase activation. Conclusions: p21Ras activation is instrumental in FVIIa signal transduction and the FVIIa‐dependent activation of p21Ras involves either PKC or Src‐dependent mechanisms, depending on the cell type investigated.


With the increasing automation and integration of equipment, it is urgent to carry out anomaly detection (AD) for the large-scale system to ensure security, in virtue of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Recently developed intelligent methods focus on component-level diagnosis or detection, resulting in difficulty in the health assessment of system with multisource data coupling. In addition, data-driven methods rarely emphasize the use of knowledge from the real physical system. In this article, we propose a full graph autoencoder to perform one-class group AD for the large-scale IIoT system. The proposed model takes as input data of normal status at training and only comprises several normalized graph convolutional layers, thus it is simple and fast. Different from Euclidean-based methods, the proposed model can handle various irregular structures together. For graph learning, multivariate time series are converted into graph data fused with prior knowledge. To achieve AD, we propose to reconstruct the full graph for the first time to obtain a reliable anomaly score. Besides, we extend a variational model to fully learn the graph representation. Moreover, a graph augmentation operation is employed to improve the accuracy and robustness. The proposed models are evaluated on two multisensor data sets from liquid rocket engine (LRE) systems, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization of the IIoT system.


The CRONE suspension, French acronym of "suspension a Comportement Robuste d'Ordre Non Entier", results from a traditional suspension system whose spring and damper are replaced by a mechanical and hydropneumatic system defined by a fractional (so-called non-integer) order force-displacement transfer function. Modelling, frequency-domain robust control design methodology and internal stability analysis are presented in this paper.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Background: In rural areas, multipurpose health workers (MPHWs) play a key role in implementing control measures and behavior change communication at community level to prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases.

Objective: To assess the knowledge of MPHWs regarding mosquito-borne diseases and control measures before and after single educational interventional training.

Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted among purposively selected 100 MPHWs of Patan district, Gujarat, India, from June to August 2014. After taking verbal consent, baseline knowledge of link workers regarding mosquito-borne diseases and mosquito control measures was assessed by predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured questionnaire. Single educational training for 45 min was given to the MPHWs and their postintervention knowledge for the same was assessed after the training. Assessment was done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Result: Baseline knowledge of the MPHWs regarding mosquito-borne disease was 83%, which significantly increased after the training to 100%. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding breeding places of the mosquitoes was 89%, which significantly increased to 96% after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding the indoor and outdoor measures for vector control was 4% and 39%, respectively, which significantly increased to 73% and 89%, respectively, after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding the signs and symptoms of malaria, dengue, and chickungunya were 79%, 26%, and 22%, respectively, which significantly increased to 84%, 76%, and 90%, respectively, after the intervention.

Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding mosquito-borne diseases and control measures of the MPHWs after our single education session. Such education interventions need to be done on a regular basis to improve their knowledge for a better control of mosquito-borne diseases.


A family with five children affected with the de Sanctis-Cacchione (DSC) syndrome is presented. Ultraviolet light-induced DNA repair synthesis, as measured by autoradiography as well as by isopyknic centrifugation was studied in cell strains from three affected members and their heterozygote parents. Similar, low amounts of repair synthesis were found in the cells of all patients. In cell strains from the heterozygous parents a reduced repair activity was demonstrated. Complementation studies with cell hybridization techniques were performed using cells of our patients, cells of one of our patients and those of an unrelated DSC patient, and cells of one of our patients and those of a classic xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patient. The fusion of cells front a classic XP patient with those ot one of our DSC patients resulted in hybrids that had nomal amounts of repair synthesis. The hybrids resulting from the other fusions revealed very low or negligible repair activity. These results demonstrate genetics heterogeneity between DSC and classical XP cases. They strongly suggest either intergenic or interallelic complementation during hybridization between XP and DSC cells.


Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) data for medium rough rice grain, Lido variety were obtained by equilibrating rice samples at different Equilibrium Relative Humidities (ERH) and Temperatures. The employed models to fit the data were GAB, modified Chung-Pfost, modified Halsey, Modified Henderson, and modified Oswin. The data were evaluated using the standard error of moisture content, mean relative standard error (%P) of the model and the correlation coefficient r2. The GAB model by indirect regression described the EMC the best, however its parameters lacked of physical meaning. The modified Chung-Pfost and modified Henderson equations presented a similar fit of the EMCERH relationships. The modified Chung-Pfost equation had lower residual values than the modified Henderson equation and was considered the best model to explain the EMC-ERH relationships.


The efficiency of interchip communication is now a choke point of system performance due to the continuous progress of semiconductor technology.As one of the solution,the high density package,including multichip module,requires researchers to develop package materials with low dielectric loss,low permittivity at high frequency and robust mechanical properties.The CaO-B2O3-SiO2 crystallizable glass can be one of the resorts and is in the recent focus.The research progresses like domestic dilemma,synthesis process,doping agents and thermal analysis methods are reviewed in this paper,with further attention proposed.


Disordered quantum systems feature an energy scale know as the Thouless energy. For energy ranges below this scale, the properties of the energy spectrum can be described by random matrix theory. Above this scale a different behavior sets in. For a metallic system it has been long ago shown by Altshuler and Shklovskii that the number variance should increase as a power law with a power dependent only on the dimensionality of the system. Although tantalizing hints for this behavior have been seen in previous numerical studies, it is quite difficult to verify this prediction using the standard local unfolding methods. Here we use a different unfolding method, i.e., the singular value decomposition, and establish a connection between the power law behavior of the scree plot (the singular values ranked by their amplitude) and the power law behavior of the number variance. Thus we are able to numerically verify the Altshuler and Shklovskii's prediction for disordered 3D, 4D, and 5D single-electron Anderson models on square lattices in the metallic regime. The same method could be applied to systems such as the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and various interacting many body models for which the many body localization occurs. It has been recently reported that such systems exhibit a Thouless energy and analyzing the spectrum's behavior on larger scales is of much current interest.


Lymphoedema (LE) is a serious oncological complication of breast cancer treatment. Untreated, it leads to several changes in the upper limbs of patients, including limiting the mobility of joints and functions. Schematic complete decongestive therapy (CDT) is one of the most common methods of conservative treatment of LE. Complete decongestive therapy regimen is also often used as monotherapy for selected items, such as: manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy and exercises for improvement. This study is a systematic review of scientific publications on the reduction of the lymphoedemas associ ated with breast cancer (BCRL). The aim of the research study was to present of the methods used to reduce LE associated with breast cancer. All the analysed papers were selected from Medline after ticking the following options: publication type – clinical trail; availability of text – free full text available; published – in the last 5 years. For final analysis, 9 (6 randomised and 3 non-randomised) studies were chosen out of the 1,392 records showing different methods of conservative treatment of BCRL. Based on the available literature, the greatest reduction in LE was obtained using different methods of conservative treatment. Of note are the studies which evaluate the effectiveness of new methods that are not part of the commonly used CDT scheme in practice. The education strategy generally supports such methods.


Currently, the conversion of biomass to levulinic acid and its derivatives has been one of the hottest topics in the field of energy and resources, because it opens up a new avenue for achieving sustainable energy supply and chemicals production. Levulinic acid can be used as a platform chemical for the production of a wide range of value-added compounds, such as levulinate esters and g-valerolactone. This review mainly discusses the catalytic routes for synthesis of valuable levulinate esters and g-valerolactone under different efficient reaction systems. Meanwhile, some promising and valuable researching directions and effective catalysts are suggested based on the major challenges emerged in recent studies. With the gradual depletion of fossil resources and further deterioration of the environment and its ecosystem, abundant renewable biomass are regarded as a promising alternative to non-renewable natural resources for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals in the future (Figure 1). Recently, extensive research has been performed worldwide to identify and study chemical or biological transformations for converting biomass into fuels and raw chemicals. Among these explorations, one attractive approach is the preparation and conversion of levulinic acid (LA), owing to its importance as one of the 12 important target chemicals that US-DOE selected in their biomass program. It is widely used in food, agriculture, drugs, cosmetics, spice industries, as well as its derivatives. With regard to sources of LA, the LA preparation method can be classified into two categories according to the raw material resources, based on previous studies, namely, furfuralcohol hydrolysis and biomass conversion. Both of these two methods were conducted under acidic conditions or with acid catalysts, while the materials including starch and cellulose were used as the reactant for method of biomass conversion. Besides, high purity, LA can be obtained by furfuralcohol hydrolysis with a suitable solvent and catalyst. Considerable research over the past years has focused on the catalytic conversion of biomass into LA by both batch processes and continuous technology. As for transformation pathways, if agricultural and forest wastes can be rationally utilized, many valuable chemicals can be created at the same time. Most importantly of all, it opens a new way for the production of biochemicals in an economical manner. Many kinds of raw materials such as lignocellulose, corn starch, and discarded cellulose are used extensively in this route. However, there still are some clear shortcomings, especially as the apparent LA yield is not high and the final reaction products are complicated. In subsequent research, glucose has also been adopted as a raw material to yield LA, and a desired yield of LA can be obtained with solid acids as catalyst. As the studies develop in depth, some valuable levulinic acid derivatives have been discovered by researchers in recent years, especially levulinate esters and g-valerolactone. As these compounds are widely applied in food and chemical industry, it is of great significance for us to do more research on the preparation of the above high value-added chemicals by means of heterogeneous or homogeneous reaction. The levulinate esters were produced by the esterification of LA between alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol under acidic conditions. Meanwhile, g-valerolactone (GVL) is a selective hydrogenation and dehydration product of LA catalyzed by metal catalysts. Clearly, it is a research direction with great significance and many researchers are now working on this new aspect. Currently, there is no review of the catalytic preparation of levulinate esters and GVL to date. Given that the rapid progress on the catalytic conversion of biomass, this minireview mainly concentrates on describing the work reported over the last few years. Basic information about levulinic acid is given,


Abstract This paper sets forth in detail point-set lattice-theoretic or poslat foundations of all mathematical and fuzzy set disciplines in which the operations of taking the image and pre-image of (fuzzy) subsets play a fundamental role; such disciplines include algebra, measure and probability theory, and topology. In particular, those aspects of fuzzy sets, hinging around (crisp) powersets of fuzzy subsets and around powerset operators between such powersets lifted from ordinary functions between the underlying base sets, are examined and characterized using point-set and lattice-theoretic methods. The basic goal is to uniquely derive the powerset operators and not simply stipulate them, and in doing this we explicitly distinguish between the "fixed-basis" case (where the underlying lattice of membership values is fixed for the sets in question) and the "variable-basis" case (where the underlying lattice of membership values is allowed to change). Applications to fuzzy sets/logic include: development a...


1D nonlinear model of a thin plate (or beam) with delamination was developed earlier. Large deflections and membrane strains of a plate in buckled state, as well as the strain energy described using elliptic integrals. The Griffith-type energy condition was used as a criteria of delamination propagation. The analysis of the destruction of the plate was performed depending on the geometrical dimensionless parameters of a plate and the material strength performance. Here the mentioned model is extended to the general mode of delamination and it allows to describe the post-buckling stage and damage propagation. Model application as a base for the alternative determination of the interlaminar fracture toughness of the layered composites is indicated.


Statistical summaries of streamflow data for all historical streamflow-gaging stations for the Helmand Basin upstream from the Sistan Wetlands are presented in this report. The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include (1) manuscript (station description), (2) graph of the annual mean discharge for the period of record, (3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, (4) graph of the annual flow duration, (5) monthly and annual flow duration, (6) probability of occurrence of annual high discharges, (7) probability of occurrence of annual low discharges, (8) probability of occurrence of seasonal low discharges, (9) annual peak discharge and corresponding gage height for the period of record, and (10) monthly and annual mean discharges for the period of record. Introduction A majority of the Afghan population lacks adequate, safe supplies of water because of contamination by a wide variety of sources, lack of water-resources management regulation, and lack of basic infrastructure, compounded by a recent 5-year drought and seasonal flooding. The Helmand Basin is the largest in Afghanistan. It covers the southern half of the country, draining waters from the Sia Koh Mountains in Herat Province to the eastern mountains in Gardez Province (currently known as the Paktia Province) and the Parwan Mountains northwest of Kabul, and finally to the unique Sistan depression between Iran and Afghanistan (Favre and Kamal, 2004). A typical desert environment, the rivers in the Helmand Basin are fed by melting snow from the high mountains and infrequent storms. Great fluctuations in streamflow, from flood to drought, can be expected. Knowledge of the magnitude and time distribution of streamflow is essential for all aspects of water management and environmental planning. Agencies responsible for the development and management of Afghanistan's surface-water resources can use this knowledge for making safe, economical, and environmentally sound water-resource planning decisions. To provide the Afghan managers with necessary streamflow information, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, computed streamflow statistics for data collected at historical gaging stations within the Helmand Basin. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive publication summarizing streamflow characteristics for all historical gaging stations for the Helmand Basin upstream from the Sistan Wetlands. The historical gaging stations used are listed in table 1 and their locations are shown in figure 1.


Combining with the practice of the agriculture information service of Yuxi City,this paper systematically puts forward several informational service models which might be effective solutions to the bottleneck problems of current aˉgricultural information work.Furthermore,it has made a thorough inquiry about these different information models in respect of the target of information service,the range,the orˉganizer and the advantages.It also raises a train of thought and countermeasure proceeding from the reality of Yuxi and will be a meaningful reference to all the provinces and cities of our country.


Objective:To summarize the anesthetic management experience during cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery of the low birth weight neonates with congenital heart disease.Method:Seventeen cases were included in this study and the history was studied retrospectively.The mean birth weight,gestational age,age at operation and weight at operation were (2109.1±399.29)g (1 225~2 500 g),(36.5±2.81)weeks(30.3~42.2 weeks),(28.4±18.39)d (8~79 d),(2369.7±413.50)g (1 628~3 205 g) respectively.There were 10 premature infants among these cases.All 17 cases underwent cardiac operations during general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Result: No intra-operative death occurred in this study.The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was (90.6±42.80) min (30~160 min),the mean aortic clamp time was (53.5±28.55)min (14~125 min).All cases were given mechanical ventilation and administrated inotropic support.The delayed sternal closure was performed in 11 cases.There were 4 hospital deaths and the mortality was 23.5%.Conclusion: The early surgical intervention for the low birth weight neonates with congenital heart disease should be performed under intensive anesthetic management.


Presents a prototype of a mobile robot that is mainly characterized by it's real time operation based in the environment of Matlab/Simulink. The whole necessary task for an autonomous navigation and mobile robot control is done in a hierarchical and easy reprogramming way. The paper describes simulation results based on the robot's kinematic model and practical results of real time navigation related to control, localization, path planning in a known environment.


Background: The dual chamber and VVI implantable defibrillator (DAVID) trial demonstrated that dual chamber (DDDR) pacing in defibrillator candidates with impaired ventricular function and no established indication for pacing resulted in worsened congestive heart failure (CHF) or death. Many patients had abnormalities for which pacing is often advocated to improve the management of ventricular dysfunction.


This paper takes the course of "Analogue and Digital Circuit Experiment " as an example,an effective and feasible examining method of comprehensive and designing experiments has been put forward and the effects and existing problems of the method also had been discussed.It is not a purpose,but a means,through improving student's experimental examining method,we can achieve the goal of exciting student's experiment interest,standardizing student's experiment procedure and improving student's experiment ability,thus we can improve the teaching quality of the experiment teaching and students' overall qualities.


lished in Screen 16.3 [1975]), James Naremore's Acting in the Cinema (1988), Roberta Pearson's Eloquent Gestures (1992), and Karen Hollinger's The Actress: Hollywood Acting and the Female Star (2006). Promoting the exploration of performance via film and television semiotics, this collection does not attempt or pretend to be exhaustive. Instead, it succeeds by being what Cornea promises it to be: a tantalizing "taster" of what can be achieved by approaching screen performance with an awareness of genre. Genre and Performance: Film and Television certainly does inspire interest in this approach to performance studies and, I hope, will encourage further investigations in this area. Cornea herself notes in her introduction that she is acutely aware of what was not being covered in the collection and wanted very badly to have included more chapters in this collection on TV soap, romance, and contemporary film musicals. Another volume of essays edited by Cornea joining this ground-breaking collection in the near future would be very welcome.


Current corn development is from just planted to V4 (four-leaf stage) across Iowa. First plantings of corn are reported to have good color and stand, according to Iowa State University Extension field crop specialists on May 21, 2007; although some corn, particularly in the southwest, west, and northwest regions, is exhibiting problematic stands if it was planted between the many rainstorms. In particular, it is corn that was planted under too wet conditions; it would be approximately V2 (two-leaf) or V3 (three-leaf) now. Corn that is placed into a wet seed furrow can have restricted root growth, resulting in "rootless" corn (also referred to as rootless corn syndrome) among other problems that will become apparent as the season unfolds. See photo.


PbTiO3 thin films were deposited on Si and Ru substrates by atomic layer deposition at a substrate temperature of 200 °C using H2O and O3 as oxygen sources and lead(II) bis(3-N,N-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-propoxide) and titanium(IV) isopropoxide as the Pb and Ti precursors, respectively. When H2O was used as the oxygen source for both Pb and Ti precursors, film growth was most effective under the conditions where a stoichiometric PTO film was achieved (Pb/Ti concentration ratio ∼ 1). On the other hand, the PTO growth per cycle increased with increasing the PbOx/TiO2 subcycle ratio when O3 was used as the oxygen source for the Ti precursor, even when Pb-rich PTO films were deposited. These unexpected results were explained by the different reactions occurring according to the oxygen source used, in particular, by a reaction mechanism involving the direct condensation between surface formate species and alkoxy species in the case of ozone.


Scholars and policy makers wish to eliminate many collateral consequences to promote successful offender reentry. Current proposals to reduce collateral consequences of conviction typically involve the participation of criminal justice practitioners. This study surveyed criminal justice practitioners in Ohio to assess their perceptions of the percentage of offenders affected by particular collateral consequences and the magnitude of the impact of these consequences. The findings suggest that, although there is variability in perceptions across different categories of restrictions, justice officials believe relatively few offenders are affected by collateral consequences, and the perceived impact is relatively small. Efforts to eliminate collateral consequences may not have their intended effect on offender reentry.


The 'Shake The Box' (STB) PTV - method for the accurate reconstruction of particle tracks in densely seeded flows was first introduced in the scope of the 10th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV13) in 2013 [Schanz 2013b]. In this first work, it was shown that the proposed method of incorporating the temporal information into the process of particle position reconstruction is able to improve results in various aspects compared to conventionally used techniques. However, only an experimental dataset was available to explore the abilities of the technique [Schanz 2013b]. In order to quantify the key features of the STB-method - and to identify the benefits and drawbacks – a scheme for the creation of synthetic tracks from input - vector volumes was created, allowing the calculation of physically (sufficiently) correct track systems at arbitrary seeding densities and time separations. Projections of such track systems on virtual cameras are used as input data for both STB, as well as an MLOS-SMART [Atkinson 2009] tomographic reconstruction algorithm. The results are compared with respect to positional accuracy of reconstructed particles, occurrence of ghost particles and reconstruction time. It is shown that, after a sufficient number of snapshots to allow for convergence of the algorithm, the STB-method is able to correctly identify nearly all particles in existence, even for high seeding density up to 0,125 particles per pixel (ppp). On the same time, the average position error stays very low (0,023 px for 0.125 ppp) – a gain of more than an order of magnitude compared to MLOS-SMART. The occurrence of ghost particles is almost completely suppressed (ghost level below 0.2 percent for 0.125 ppp). The efficient utilization of the temporal information allows a significant reduction in processing time, with STB being 4 to 6 times faster compared to MLOS-SMART. As the temporal information plays such a dominant role in the STB method – both in the gained results, as well as in the reconstruction process itself – the method cannot be described as pure particle reconstruction, but rather as a method to reconstruct the full temporal development of tracer particles within their residence in the measurement volume. Therefore it is more appropriate to speak of a track reconstruction scheme - or 4D PTV.


The buffer management system (100) is arranged to control in a data communication system an end to end delay (Delta) of a data unit (150) from input to output. Blocks (104, 106) of data units (150, 152) are written in a buffer (102) with a block write rate (Rw), and data units (154, 156) are read from this buffer (102) with a read rate (Rr). The end to end delay (Delta) is controlled by adapting the read rate (Rr) from the buffer (102), and hence the buffer filling (F) on the basis of measurements of delays in the buffer management system (100). For the calculation of the read rate (Rr) at least an input time measurement (mTa) of an input time instant (Ta) of input of the data unit (150) in the buffer management system (100) is required.


The present study is the first experiment to determine whether acoustic deterrent devices (pingers) reduce cetaceans' bycatch in the turbot gillnets and catch rates of the target fish in the Bulgarian Black Sea territorial waters. During the study period 2017– 2019, 12.4 km of turbot gillnets were included in the experiment. They were equipped with 10 kHz Porpoise Pingers "Future Oceans". Observations were carried out on regular bases on active (with pingers) and on control nets (without pingers). The results showed that the pingers used were very effective in reducing cetaceans bycatch in turbot gillnets without affecting the target catch.


Based on the present situation of microelectrode machining, electrochemical micromachining (EMM) was regarded as one of the most advanced micromachining techniques. The machining technology of microelectrode was put forward by the method of high frequency short pulses in electrochemical machining (ECM). The shaping principle of microelectrode was analyzed. Then a suitable EMM system was designed. Through the research of technologic experiments, a microelectrode is fabricated with diameter 30μm and top radius 100nm, which is made of tungsten filament. This could provide microelectrode for further electro-machining or micro probe for scanning probe microscopy. The surface property and the machining capability of the microelectrode are compared with the microelectrode fabricated by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) at last. The superiority of the microelectrode fabricated by ECM is showed off fully. Further research on EMM will provide more opportunities for ECM in the field of micromachining.


GaSb 2″ diameter ingots doped with Tellurium have been grown by Vertical Gradient Freeze (VGF) on a (1 0 0) orientation. The ingots were grown in quartz crucibles with the use of an encapsulant and both 6 mm diameter and 50 mm diameter seeds. Twinning in the seed or in the cone of the crucible occurred in almost all cases when a 6 mm diameter seed was used, while using full‐diameter (50 mm ID) seeds with a carefully controlled diameter resulted in single‐crystal growth. The quality of the VGF‐grown GaSb:Te from both 6 mm and full‐diameter seeds has been compared to our commercially produced Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) grown GaSb. The donor density and raman spectra of the VGF‐grown GaSb are comparable to the electronic properties of LEC‐grown GaSb, but slightly lower mobilities for the VGF‐material are observed. The etch pit density (EPD) in VGF‐grown GaSb from 6 mm diameter seeds is extremely low, around 5 per cm2. As expected the EPD of LEC‐grown GaSb is significantly higher, due to the higher...


The scattering by a bounded or periodic rough surface is often modeled by assuming the plane wave incidence. However, when the rough surface is unbounded and nonperiodic, a tapered incident wave may be more appropriate to realize asymptotic truncation for the unbounded rough surface. Despite this extensive practical interest, little mathematical analysis of these problems has been carried out. This paper is concerned with the scattering and inverse scattering problem of the infinite impedance rough surfaces with tapered wave incidence. A boundary integral equation formulation is derived by using a half-plane impedance Green's function. It is shown that the integral equation is uniquely solvable in the space of bounded and continuous functions. Further, the impedance boundary value problem for the scattered field is proved to have a unique solution under certain constraints on the boundary impedance. It is also proved that a class of rough surfaces can be uniquely determined by the measurements of the scat...


Local climatic conditions influence the way in which ectotherms regulate their body temperature and activity. We examined correlations between local climatic conditions, body temperature and activity in adult, basking lowland copperheads (Austrelaps superbus) from two localities (warm-temperate versus cool-temperate) in south-eastern Australia. We also collected data from highland copperheads (Austrelaps ramsayi) at a locality with cold-temperate climate. We found that across the active season, mean body temperatures were similar among localities (approximately 27˚C) irrespective of species. In contrast, activity times differed. Cool-temperate A. superbus emerged earlier in spring and in the morning and retreated earlier in the evening and in autumn than their conspecifics from the warm-temperate locality. Spring emergence was correlated with yearly fluctuations in thermal conditions, suggesting that activity times depend on environmental temperatures. Predator–prey interactions influenced body temperature and activity to some extent in spring when warm-temperate A. superbus with relatively low body temperatures (as low as 18.5˚C) were captured around ponds in which they had been foraging for frogs. Austrelaps ramsayi from the cold-temperate locality not only displayed a later emergence in spring and reduced daily activity times compared with warm and cool-temperate A. superbus but also compared with A. ramsayi, as reported from a warmer locality in eastern Australia. These data indicate that activity times vary on a geographic basis while snake body temperatures largely remain inflexible. The surprising exception was that cold-temperate A. ramsayi retreated later in autumn than cool-temperate A. superbus, and at that time they showed body temperatures as low as 12.5˚C, well below those we had recorded for A. superbus. We suggest that A. ramsayi retreat later in autumn because they need to extend their reproductive season and that this is mediated via adaptive changes in the critical minimum body temperature, as has been reported for other snakes.


In this paper a new Quasi-Z-Source Modified Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Half-Bridge Cell is presented and proved to be advantageous over conventional Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with voltage boost ability and reduced switches. The proposed topology is comprised of cascaded auxiliary units and a full H-bridge inverter, where the auxiliary unit includes half bridge cell with quasi Z Source network. With quasi Z Source network shoot-through state control, the output voltage amplitude can be boosted, which is not limited to DC source voltage summation similar to conventional cascaded Multilevel Inverter. The performance parameters of quasi Z Source Modified Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with various multicarrier PWM control methods are analyzed with simulation results and portrayed here. Keywords—CHB, MLI, SPWM


INTRODUCTION: Cesarean skin closure data are limited, although recent studies indicate subcuticular suture is superior to external metal staples. The INSORB subcuticular staple is designed to combine the speed of a stapler with the superior wound approximation of suture, but data on INSORB are limited. This study compared INSORB staples with subcuticular suture for cesarean skin closure. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, nonblinded, parallel-group trial, patients were stratified by prior cesarean delivery, body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight (kg)/[height (m)]2), and surgeon skill level. Eligible women were at least age 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. Exclusion criteria were BMI greater than 50, chorioamnionitis, intrauterine fetal death, and multifetal gestation. The primary outcome was operative time. Secondary outcomes included patient and surgeon satisfaction, needlestick injury, pain, wound complications, and cost. RESULTS: Of 220 randomized patients, 206 were included in the final intention-to-treat analysis (103 per group). Baseline characteristics were similar. The subcuticular staple group had significantly shorter skin closure time (2.6 versus 8.5 minutes, P⩽.001) and trended toward shorter operative time (54.0 versus 58.0 minutes, P=.053). The cost reduction with subcuticular staples was $172–$829 per case. There were no differences in analgesic use, wound complications, or patient satisfaction. One needlestick injury occurred with suture. Surgeons were more likely to recommend (97% versus 85%, P=.004) and use (98% versus 82%, P⩽.001) subcuticular staples in the future. CONCLUSION: For cesarean delivery, the INSORB staple is faster and more cost-effective than subcuticular suture and has equivalent analgesic use, wound complications, and patient satisfaction.


8 early maturing and high-starch maize inbred lines and the same types of ordinary maize inbred lines were took as materials to hybridize,and acquired 28 high-starch maize and 28 ordinary maize.The genetic analysis indicated that the form of high-starch maize was similar to the ordinary ones except for plant height and ear height.That was to say to select and breed high-starch maize germplasm and crossbreed in Heilongjiang province was feasible.


We examine the impacts of different open space amenities on sales prices of developed and undeveloped land in two time periods ten years apart in a rapidly urbanizing county in central Ohio. Buffers within 0.25 and 0.5 miles are created that include percentages of agricultural, residential, park and golf course uses around each land sale and are used as explanatory variables. We contribute to the literature by estimating a unified model that accounts for spatial heterogeneity as well as for cross-correlations in developed and undeveloped land sales. Our findings suggest interactions between the land markets examined are complex and dynamic.


Among the formalized analysis methods of security protocol,the strand space model and the authentication test methods based on the strand space model are the commonly used methods.For the defects of man-in-middle attack in the Needham-Schroeder protocol,the paper gives the improvements and adopts the authentication test methods to verify the improved Needham-Schroeder protocol can meet the demands of security goals of protocol.


A usually healthy 25 year old man presents to you as his general practitioner at 9 am. He has had fluctuating nausea with four vomits and one loose stool overnight, associated with colicky central abdominal pain. No blood was present in the vomit or stool, and he reports that his girlfriend was recently diagnosed as having "viral gastro." He is afebrile, intermittently uncomfortable, but otherwise well, with mild epigastric tenderness but no guarding or rebound. Clinically, you believe viral gastroenteritis is the most likely cause of his symptoms, and you consider his request for treatment that will help to stop his vomiting so that he can get to his evening shift at a factory.

Nausea and vomiting are a common reason for patients to seek treatment in primary care, which we take here to include general practice and the emergency department. Identification and management of underlying problems are important, if these are apparent on clinical grounds. This article will focus on common causes in primary care such as gastroenteritis (usually viral), adverse drug reactions, pregnancy, vestibular disorders, and motion sickness. Other causes of nausea and vomiting such as postoperative, chemotherapy and radiotherapy associated, and specific conditions such as migraines are briefly discussed but are beyond the scope of this article.

Although still incompletely understood, nausea and vomiting are thought to follow activation of a medullary "vomiting centre," by either afferent input from the gastrointestinal tract due to presence of local irritants or stimulation of the central chemoreceptor trigger zone by circulating emetogenic substances; however, other pathways exist. Dopamine and serotonin seem to be key transmitters both centrally and in the gastrointestinal tract.

Surveys of emergency physicians in Australia and the United States identified the most commonly prescribed agents as metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, promethazine, droperidol, and ondansetron.1 2 Anecdotally, cyclizine and …


The phenomenon of language represents a notable counter-example to the materialist claim that there are no nonmaterial realities. Language involves the assignment of meaning to arbitrary symbols to form a vocabulary and the application of a set of rules to join elements from the vocabulary together to generate more complex meaning structures. Although such structures are normally associated with a material medium, the meaning they convey is independent of the medium. Language is not an incidental aspect of our world. Not only is it a fundamental aspect of our conscious experience as humans and central to our social interactions with others, it also plays a significant role in the ways the material world is structured around us. Microprocessors, with language-based programming, for example, make possible increasingly complex communication, transportation, manufacturing, and commercial networks. At a much higher level of complexity, biological systems rely on language-based specification and control. As mathematical expressions are linguistic, so are the laws of chemistry and physics. This implies that the material realm itself has linguistic underpinnings. Because language is non-material and matter itself displays no apparent language generating capability, how language arises is obviously an important question. That human beings possess language capacity points to an answer.


Thank you for reading telling the truth the gospel as tragedy comedy and fairy tale. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this telling the truth the gospel as tragedy comedy and fairy tale, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


This is one of the review papers celebrating the centenary of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Trumpler describes his invention of a classification system of H-R diagrams for a sample of open clusters in the Galaxy. Trumpler's 1925 paper with its classification system was an important initial step in developing the ideas of stellar evolution that culminated in the 1950s. See also 004.047.


This study uses a delayed matrix exponential to illustrate the solution of both linear and nonlinear delay problems using permutable matrices. We outline several prerequisites that are necessary to ensure the exponential stability of the trivial solution of delay systems. The conditions that are necessary and sufficient for the linear system to possess relative controllability are established by introducing a delayed Grammian matrix‐like criterion. A sufficient condition is obtained by Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem for the relative controllability of nonlinear systems. Numerical examples provided at the end of the paper demonstrate the validity of our theoretical findings.


The following topics are dealt with: management information system, decision-making support system, expert system, artificial intelligence and electronic commerce; industrial engineering, supply chain management, management innovation; modern enterprise system and business process reengineering; macroeconomic management, international trade and technology exchange; human resources management; and technical economy and energy economy, high-tech venture capital market; and high-tech industrialization.


Dear Editor, expression, enhancement of phagosome-Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality produced by a single infectious agent. Each year 8 million new cases and between 2 to 3 million deaths are reported. One-third of the human population is already infected with


ence and, indeed, expertise. Medical uncertainty is often a reason to call for greater caution rather than offering more indiscriminate services. It is not clear why doctors ought to adopt a somewhat consumerist approach to trans medicine: aiming to give customers access to any medical interventions they ask for, despite the absence of robust evidence of benefit or clear conception of what is being treated. What would be the right moral course of action when it comes to adhering to good medical practice? On whose authority, when and why should doctors intervene when it comes to altering someone's body based on how the patient identifies? There are tensions between how a clinician in trans medicine should meet the expectations of patients seeking medical interventions, and the norms of the medical profession itself: securing a diagnosis, treating that which is pathological not physiological, and seeking to minimize iatrogenic harm. More broadly, to what extent would medics risk reinforcing sex-linked social norms and stereotypes of behaviour, expectations and appearance – both when they deny such demands and when they agree to proceed? For example, cosmetic surgeons offering breast enlargements for females might be criticized for marketing and entrenching the idea that women should aspire to medically alter their secondary sex characteristics or unhappiness will ensue. If cosmetic surgery then becomes a social norm and many women elect to undergo surgical breast implantations, this can put pressure on others to follow suit. Yet, in trans medicine the same medical intervention of chest enhancement may be advertised to males who identify as women, meaning similar questions must arise around possible medical collusion with the social expectations of women and men. What is the proper role of medicine in this complicated space? One hopes Trans Medicine will inspire further work that explores such questions in closer detail.


Thank you for downloading physics of cognitive processes proceedings of the international symposium. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this physics of cognitive processes proceedings of the international symposium, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


The regional distribution of mean、most and least cold days in winter were analyzed based on the cold days in winter over the years of 86 stations. It is primary divided into four regions as northern、southern、 Zuojiang and Youjiang rivers region and coastal region. The forecast model is set up by using regression method based on analysis of its climatic changing characteristics and its relationship with height of 500hPa potential of 8 represent stations.


The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters of recombinant acetohydroxy acid synthase catalyzed reaction was determined in order to obtain information about the chemical mechanism, particularly acid-base chemistry. The maximum velocity and V/K for pyruvate were bell-shaped with estimated pK values of 6.5-6.7 and 8.6-8.9, respectively. The maximum velocity and V/K for 2-ketobutyrate were also bell-shaped with estimated pK values of 6.6-7.0 and 8.4-8.6. The pH dependence of 1/Ki for 3-bromopyruvate, a competitive inhibitor of pyruvate, was also bell-shaped, giving pK values almost identical with those obtained for pyruvate. Since the same pK values were observed in the , V/K pH profiles and profiles, both enzyme groups must be in their optimum protonation state for efficient binding of reactants. These results reflect that two enzyme groups are necessary for binding of substrate and/or catalysis.䢑�⨀਀䢑�⨀墑�⨀؀က墑�⨀?麆Ѐက肑�⨀肑�⨀


This paper describes several ways sensor networks can benefit from geospatial information and identifies two research directions. First, better models of localization error, logical location, and communications costs are required to understand the interactions between spatial information and control and communications algorithms in sensor networks. Second, wider use of spatial information in densely deployed sensor networks will move sensor networking applications from simple tracking to object counting and area monitoring, and can enable data mining techniques sensor networks to accomplish "spatial sensor mining".


The lateral line is closely associated wvith the air, and may also assist at hearings. The ear is an outgrowth from the tubes of the lateral line. As Professor Parker aptly observes, in the skin, the lateral line and the ear, wRoe are dealing with whliat may be called three generations of sense organs: the skin representing the first generation and giving rise to the lateral line organs, the second, which in turn produce the ears." D. S. J.


We present results studying the distribution and properties of the diffuse dust in the Milky Way Galaxy using large optical surveys—specifically, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 (Pan-STARRS1). This work has resulted in accurate measurements of dust reddening in regions of low extinction over large regions of sky. We present maps of reddening from dust covering the footprint of the SDSS, which covers one quarter of the sky. We present preliminary maps of dust covering the Pan-STARRS1 footprint, which covers three-quarters of the sky, including most of the plane of our Galaxy. We use these maps of dust to decisively exclude some simple parameterizations of dust extinction (Cardelli et al., 1989) in favor of others (Fitzpatrick, 1999). We show that the extinction predicted by the widely-used far-infrared dust map of Schlegel et al. (1998) is overestimated by 18%, and recalibrate that map using our extinction measurements. We further map variation in the properties of the dust, as indicated by variation in the amount of extinction relative to the amout of far-infrared dust extinction, and by variation in the ratio of dust extinction at different frequencies. We confirm these results by measuring reddening using two independent techniques and data sets, the SDSS photometry and spectroscopy. We further present the photometric calibration of the Pan-STARRS1 data—a necessary step to studying the dust with that ongoing survey. We achieve photometric precision unprecedented in a large optical survey, accurate to better than 1%. We additionally show the suitability of the calibrated photometry for studying


Based upon test analysis of cracks and deformation the reasons caused the structural cracks and deformation are analyzed.The hazards of cracks and deformation on structure are evaluated,at the same time corresponding preventive measures are presented in order to increase construction quality and ensure the safety of structure.


Ideology and the Evolution of Vital Institutions: Guilds, the Gold Standard, and Modern International Cooperation, by Earl A. Thompson and Charles R. Hickson. Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001. 406 pages.


【Objective】 To study the risk factors significantly influencing the progression of patients with acute cerebral infarction.【Methods】 We consecutively recruited 530 patients with acute cerebral infarction,whose symptom onset was less than 7 days.Factors that may be related to progression were analyzed in 530 patients with acute cerebral infarction.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the main factors to the progression.【Results】 The primary factors influencing the progression included large-artery atherosclerosis,hyperglycemia,hospital admission delay after acute ischemic stroke.【Conclusion】 The possibility of progression in acute cerebral infarction is different in different cause subgroups.In order to prevent the occurrence of progression in acute cerebral infarction and improve the prognosis of the patients,we should pay more attention to the patients with hyperglycemia,and to spread health knowledge in public.


guarantees "on first demand". They provide the international practice of saving clauses with a model which is substantially oriented towards the customs and usages of the guarantee business äs pursued for many years now. It is only when claims are made under the guarantees that the new rules demand more detailed clarification from the benen'ciary than in oirrent normal practice. This does not, however, affect the administrability of the new set of rules in practice.


The only protein known to be essential for myelin formation and compaction in the central nervous system is myelin basic protein (MBP). Oligodendrocytes in mutant mice that lack MBP-expression are unable to deposit a functional myelin sheath and the few lamellae formed around axons are not compacted. The association of MBP as a positively-charged protein with negatively charged membranes is therefore crucial for myelination, but the mechanisms by which MBP associates with the myelin membrane remains elusive. In this study, I demonstrate that the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) is important for the stable association of MBP with cellular membranes. This association is lost upon specific reduction of PIP2 levels following the overexpression of a phosphoinositide-5-phosphatase (Synaptojanin 1) that selectively hydrolyzes PIP2. The association is also lost through elevated intracellular Ca2+up levels. Moreover, since MBP interacts with the membranes electrostatically, the experimental decrease of membrane charges at the intracellular membrane surface (through PIP2 dephosphorylation) was shown to cause the dissociation of MBP from the plasma membrane. Experiments presented here further implicate that one putative PIP2 binding domain of MBP lies within the exon-1 encoded region. The relevance of this protein-lipid interaction was demonstrated for the corpus callosum of mice, analyzed by electron microscopy after decreasing membrane surface charges in acute brain slices. Here, PIP2 hydrolysis led to the loss of myelin compaction. A related phosphoinositide that might play a role in myelin formation is the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 and some downstream polarizing factors were found to be accumulated at the tips of growing cellular processes in both immortalized and primary oligodendrocytes. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that PIP2 and PIP3 play an important role in MBP association to the plasma membrane and oligodendroglial polarity. This association might induce the formation of lipid clusters, which could serve as a signalling platform for polarization of oligodendrocytes through PIP3 signalling. These findings provide a novel link between phosphoinositol metabolism and MBP function in oligodendrocytes in development and disease.


This paper assesses the dynamics of the main macroeconomic shocks that could affect the trade balance and current account in the case of Argentina's economy. In particular, we measure the impact of international prices on both variables. The paper uses a structural VAR (SVAR), with long-term restrictions, and quarterly data covering the period 1980-2011. We find preliminary evidence that supports the existence of the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect. Further, supply shocks show a positive and significant effect on trade balance and the current account in the short run.


Introduction: The infant is born with the innate predisposition to apprehend the intentions of the other and to engage in contingent reciprocal exchanges. This study aims to contribute to the scientific evidence about the theory of neonatal communicative musicality. Method: We performed a quantitative microanalysis study about the temporal structure of the vocal interactions recorded in a sample of 36 preterm dyads during the speech conditions vs. singing condition. Results: we observed a decrease in the vocalizations of the infants during the speech or singing, compared to the condition of absence of maternal voice; The infant's vocalizations during the maternal singing emerge simultaneously to the musical phrases of singing while the vocal responses of the infants in International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology INFAD Revista de Psicología, No1 Monográfico 4, 2019. ISSN: 0214-9877. pp:471-478 471 SALUD, PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN INTERAÇÃO VOCAL EM DÍADES PRÉ-TERMO NA CONDIÇÃO DA FALA VS. CANTO MATERNO: O EMERGIR DA MUSICALIDADE COMUNICATIVA NEONATAL Carvalho, M. E. CESEM – NOVA – FCSH email@example.com Justo, J. M. Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa Rodrigues, H. Fecha de Recepción: 23 Enero 2019 Fecha de Admisión: 30 Abril 2019 the speech condition emerge mainly in the alternating pauses of the maternal speech. Conclusion: neonatal communicative musicality seems to be evidenced in both conditions observed, although with distinct temporal characteristics of simultaneity in singing and alternating condition in the speech condition.


This report analyzes rural populations in congressional districts using data from the 1970 census, where a rural area is defined as a town or village of less than 10,000 people. Towns or villages with a population of less than 25,000 and 50,000 are considered as well.


ABSTRACT While much has been written about the purpose of environmental sentencing, little research summarizes the actual sentencing of environmental offenders, forcing criminologists to generalize about environmental sentencing patterns. This study helps fill that gap by examining federal environmental sentences across 22 environmental statutes from 2000 through 2013. The analysis examines case distributions and mean sentences received by individuals (N = 420) and corporations (N = 161) across 337 criminal cases. Key findings: few cases go to trial; a handful of corporate cases significantly affect mean fine amounts; compared to earlier studies, fewer individual received sentences that involve incarceration, but those sentences are now longer.


The shear strength value is one of the important points in calculation of slope stability. One way to obtain the shear strength value is to do a direct shear test in laboratory. Like the cliff reinforcement study at Utama Mandala Uluwatu temple which is currently experiencing crack, it is necessary to test the shear strength of the limestone material at the cliff of the temple . There is no limestone testing equipment in the laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department, so that innovation is needed on the existing sliding test equipment. In this study innovation was carried out on how to test the soil shear strength so that it could be used to test the limestone shear strength. The test is done by moving two limestone surface that have been formed based on the mold tool which shape is circle. The shear strength slope at Uluwatu temple, which is currently experiencing crack in dry condition is . The shear strength value is used for calculating slope stability at Uluwatu Temple which is currently experiencing crack wich . The calculation used is curved slope stability by only calculate the life load and dead load. From the calculation of the stability of the slope, the safety factor is 1.15.


VQ is a famous signal compression method. The encoding speed of VQ is a key problem for its practical application. In principle, the high dimension of a vector makes it very expensive computationally to find the best-matched template in a codebook for an input vector by Euclidean distance. As a result, many fast search methods have been developed in previous works based on statistical features (i.e. mean, variance or L/sub 2/ norm) or multi-resolution representation (i.e. various pyramid data structures) of a vector to deal with this computational complexity problem. Therefore, how to use them optimally in terms of a small memory requirement and a little computational overhead becomes very important. This paper proposes to combine both the 2-PM sum pyramid and (n/spl times/n)-PM variance pyramid of a vector to construct a new mixed pyramid data structure, which only requires (k+1) memories for a k-dimensional vector. Experimental results confirmed that the encoding efficiency by using this mixed pyramid outperforms the previous works significantly.


The upper pre-Senonian acidic lavas which form volcanic massifs in the Vohemar region rest directly on the crystalline basement and are considered the product of surface fissure flows. In the Nosy-Varika area these lavas can be divided into two major groups--rhyolites and dacites. The rhyolitic lavas are the most alkalic, the lightest-colored and the least calcic of all the rocks studied. They include alkalic rhyolites, rhyolites with plagioclase, and dellenites. The dacites contain andesine and labradorite. Sakalavites are also reported from the area and may represent the last phase of acidic emissions, possibly a transitional stage passing into the later basaltic lavas.


Basketball officials are the referees and managers in a basketball game.This article discusses the status of foreign referees of China Basketball Association(CBA),analyses the domestic basketball referees' situation,and gives advices on referees' development.Author suggests that we should seize opportunities,and give priority on judging practices,professional theory and English learning,and through this,we can improve the level of our referee team,also gradually to the develop direction of professional,younger,and knowledgeable.


We explore a possible relation between the recent Arctic amplification of global warming and changes in North Atlantic jet stream circulation and UK extreme weather conditions over the last decade. Such a link is supported by some tantalising clues from recent North Atlantic atmospheric circulation changes in summer and winter, but due to multiple factors affecting jet stream variability, we need extended records over at least a further decade to more reliably attribute these changes to global warming.


In safety assessments of chemicals, genotoxic and carcinogenic potential is considered one of the basic requirements. Overall, regulatory guidelines for carcinogenicity testing focus on genotoxic potential, because the majority of carcinogens induce tumors by inflicting irreversible DNA damage in critical genes. However, there is a group of carcinogens that induce cancer via non-genotoxic mechanisms. Apart from the carcinogenicity bioassay, suitable assays to detect these chemicals hardly exist. This is mainly due to the diversity in mode of action of non-genotoxic carcinogens. We employed toxicogenomics in primary mouse hepatocytes to categorize non-genotoxic carcinogens according to their overlap in transcriptional profile. This approach, based on a limited set of significantly regulated genes, may be further improved by using a concentration range instead of a single concentration per chemical. We explored this by performing a case study using cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. Testing multiple concentrations strongly enhanced our approach to detect modes of actions of non-genotoxic carcinogens. We therefore propose to include a concentration range when using in vitro toxicogenomics approaches to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens. This approach is a promising tool for future safety assessments, since its applicability is not necessarily limited to carcinogens, but may comprise environmental and pharmaceutical chemicals in general.


Online learning is becoming increasingly popular and used in many academic disciplines due to its advantages, where learners can access courses from anywhere and at any time. Besides benefits, online learning may have limitations, such as slow response times when bandwidth is limited, or inflexible one-size-fits-all content without regard for the learner's background or knowledge state. This paper presents an approach to more flexible online learning, where recommended learning paths are derived from the results of learning activities and assessment tasks. The proposed paths comprise multiple intended learning outcome (ILO) nodes based upon and sequenced according to Bloom's taxonomies and Biggs' principles of constructive alignment (PCA).


The paper presents an original design of autonomous underwater vehicles where thrust force is created by the helicoidal shape of hull rather than screw propellers. The contrarotating bow and stern parts create propulsion force. The middle part of the vehicle, which is built from elastic material, contains a Cardan joint which controls bending drives (actuators). The controlled bending of the hull allows the maneuvering of the vehicle. A bending drive velocity control algorithm for the automatic control of the vehicle movement direction is proposed. The dynamics of AUV are simulated using multibody simulation software MSC Adams. For the simulation of water resistance forces and torques the surrogate polynomial metamodels are created on the basis of computer experiments with CFD software. The simulation results are compared with measurements of the AUV prototype, created at Institute of Mechanics of Riga Technical University. Experiments with the prototype showed good agreement with simulation results and confirmed the effectiveness and the future potential of the proposed principle.


The present work aims to study the performance of intermittent percolation beds (filter), filled with granular activated carbon, treating yellow waters in order to verify the potential of this technology as part of decentralized ecological systems of wastewater treatment. To verify the efficiency of filter the influent and treated effluent were characterized by physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The filter filled with granular activated carbon showed a good performance in nitrogen recovery aside producing a well nitrified effluent with very good aesthetic quality, absence of faecal contamination indicators and without soil sodium hazard. Therefore, effluents of filters filled with activated carbon treating yellow waters appear to be an excellent natural fertilizer providing a significant recirculation of nutrients.


Summary

Haustorial morphology of the cone-rust pathogen, C. conigenum, was investigated among naturally infected female strobili of three Guatemalan pines, P. maximinoi, P. pseudostrobus, and P. oocarpa. Among the three pine species, haustorial shapes and sizes were more variable in P. maximinoi and P. oocarpa than in P. pseudostrobus. The haustorial shapes and sizes were more variable in parenchyma cells of the cortex, xylem, and pith than in the cells in the phloem, xylem rays, and tracheids. The haustoria were also present in larger numbers in the parenchyma cells of the cortex, xylem, and pith than in phloem parenchyma cells and tracheids. In living cells, the tips of some haustoria were appressed to the host nuclei.


This paper aims to conduct a study on the consequences of urban settlement in areas at risk of flooding in the northern Amazon, highlighting Bonfim, municipa...


The invention discloses dolomite magnesium cement concrete and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of chemical industry buildings. The dolomite magnesium cement concrete is composed of the components of caustic dolomite powder, magnesium chloride, sand, stone, inert filler and water in the mass ratio of 1.00:(0.12-0.29):(0-3.0):(0-6.0):(0.10-0.3):(0.44-0.87). The manufacture method comprises the following steps of stirring slurry, shaping, solidifying and curing. In the manufacture method, caustic dolomite powder with better activity is adopted to prepare the dolomite magnesium cement concrete, and dolomite ore resource is widely distributed and can be obtained conveniently, which lowers production cost of the dolomite magnesium cement concrete and expands the application range of the magnesium cement material. The dolomite magnesium cement concrete prepared by the manufacture method has the characteristics of high intensity, strong gelatinization performance, strong durability, good workability, large filler additive amount, high solidifying speed, easiness of maintenance and the like, belongs to environmentally-friendly building materials and can be widely applied to the building industry.


an article published recently in this journal Ernest C. York discussed several interesting parallels between a portion of the salle aux images episode in Tristrams saga and certain Anglo-Saxon laws of trespass.1 His purpose was to demonstrate "that the situation of the land described in this passage and Tristram's use of the horn on this occasion represent an early Anglo-Saxon custom." Since I have been engaged for several years in the preparation of a critical edition and an English translation of Tristrams saga, I was intrigued not only with the conclusion but also with the argumentation of York's study. For despite various defects in the Icelandic text and a few misinterpretations of Icelandic words and expressions by both York and Loomis (whose English paraphrase is quoted together with the original text as edited by Kolbing), the "pertinent passages of the saga" cited by York do lend support to his argument for Anglo-Saxon influence. But these "pertinent passages" consist of only about a dozen lines of text selected from chapters 73 and 75 of Tristrams saga, and these chapters, as already indicated, represent only a portion of the hall-of-statues episode, which in entirety comprises chapters 73-81 and 85-86 of the saga. It will be the purpose of the present paper to review York's argumentation and to test his conclusion on the basis of all of the relevant


The present invention discloses a method and system for providing access to content. The method is executed at least on a client computer system having a processor and a memory part. The method comprises the main application execution associated with the first party. In some embodiments, the main application is a media player. The method further includes initiating a secure communication channel between the host application and the first party associated with the server. The method further includes supplementary application execution associated with the second party. The method further comprises the use of supplemental application is permitted to access the content of the first party, wherein the supplemental content application is permitted to access under the terms of the license agreement via the secure communication channel. In some embodiments, the content is media content, such as music, movies and so on.


The Seebeck coefficient (thermopower) $S$ of the cuprate superconductor La$_{1.6-x}$Nd$_{0.4}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ was measured across its doping phase diagram (from $p = 0.12$ to $p = 0.25$), at various temperatures down to $T \simeq 2$ K, in the normal state accessed by suppressing superconductivity with a magnetic field up to $H = 37.5$ T. The magnitude of $S/T$ in the $T=0$ limit is found to suddenly increase, by a factor $\simeq 5$, when the doping is reduced below $p^{\star} = 0.23$, the critical doping for the onset of the pseudogap phase. This confirms that the pseudogap phase causes a large reduction of the carrier density $n$, consistent with a drop from $n = 1 + p$ above $p^{\star}$ to $n = p$ below $p^{\star}$, as previously inferred from measurements of the Hall coefficient, resistivity and thermal conductivity. When the doping is reduced below $p = 0.19$, a qualitative change is observed whereby $S/T$ decreases as $T \to 0$, eventually to reach negative values at $T=0$. In prior work on other cuprates, negative values of $S/T$ at $T \to 0$ were shown to result from a reconstruction of the Fermi surface caused by charge-density-wave (CDW) order. We therefore identify $p_{\rm CDW} \simeq 0.19$ as the critical doping beyond which there is no CDW-induced Fermi surface reconstruction. The fact that $p_{\rm CDW}$ is well separated from $p^{\star}$ reveals that there is a doping range below $p^{\star}$ where the transport signatures of the pseudogap phase are unaffected by CDW correlations, as previously found in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ and La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: method of executing an expanded instruction in a system with a rename table, a free list, and a constituent instruction rename table comprising converting the expanded instruction into a plurality of separately executable constituent instructions including a first constituent instruction and a second constituent instruction; assigning a physical register number associated with a physical register to the first constituent instruction by mapping an identifier of the first constituent instruction to the physical register number in the constituent instruction rename table, wherein the first constituent instruction generates an intermediate result; and associating the assigned physical register number with the second constituent instruction receiving the intermediate result. EFFECT: reliable forwarding of intermediate results between constituent instructions and an expanded instruction. 19 cl, 3 dwg


Recently, Explosion of Civil boilers (public bathhouse, mills making clothing, foods, oil, bean curd and factory of glued wood.) happens frequency.In order to reduce such accidents, some technical measures such as process control of design and manufacture, selection and use of safety device, water processing, automatic control, etc. and management measures such as enforcing supervision, rectifying illegal boilers, training operators, establishing emergency program, etc. are discussed theoretically and practically in this paper.


A revolution has been evolved in the wireless technology by the initiation of radio communication and cellular technology. The cellular wireless communication starts from 0G and today it moves towards higher generations like 4G and 5G. The cellular wireless technology uses the RF signals in communication and RF signals very much affects the life of a human being. Now days the life of a human being is connected with the wireless devices such as remotes, smart phones, TV signals etc. To provide service to their customers, many service providers are developing the innovative hardware, software and mobile gadgets. Beside they don't care much about the power radiation related issues from the antennas and sensors using in wireless communication. The generation of mobile wireless technology moves to a new generation automatically indicates a new RF frequency is allocated for the new generation. Present paper is a wide discussion of the risky electromagnetic radiations and their effect on the human body by mobile phone and base station. The Specific absorption rate (SAR) value is being calculated for different parts of the body at 900MHZ, 1.8GHZ, 2.1GHZ and 2.6GHZ frequency range. A survey was conducted on 100 people (53 female and 47 male) of 25 different houses on 13 different symptoms in the radius of 70m near to base station. Safety tips for mobile users are mentioned.


The invention discloses a method and system for achieving asynchronous interaction of a client and a server. The method includes the following steps that the client sends a task request to the server by calling an application program programming interface; the server creates a unique task number according to the task request and feeds back response information to the client, wherein the response information includes the task number and a state code indicating that the task request is received; the server executes a task requested by the client according to the task request; the server monitors the execution state of the task request in real time till the task request is executed or interrupted due to abnormity, and execution result information of the task request is obtained; the execution result information and the task number are forwarded to the client. By means of the method, interaction frequency of the client and the server can be reduced, system communication loads can be reduced, execution efficiency of a system is helped to be improved, and user experience is improved.


Biodiversity assessment is the basis for biodiversity conservation,while the application of biodiversity surrogate is one of the important means for quick biodiversity assessment in environmental impact assessment.This paper introduced the conception of biodiversity surrogate,analyzed the correlations widely existed among biological groups,and summarized the large scale experimental proportions among the species of mammals,birds and vascular plants (1:5:50).The existing biodiversity surrogates were classified into two categories,i.e.,bio-surrogates (indicator group,functional group,and rare and endangered group) and habitat-based surrogates (environmental factors,landscape features,and sacred natural sites).Also,the surrogating mechanisms,effectiveness,use methods,and use scope of different indicators were summarized,and the potential ways to improve the surrogates' performance were discussed.This paper provided references for conservation site planning,biodiversity monitoring,environmental impact assessment,and improvement of China's biodiversity impact assessment system.


As basis of the development of sport,sports resources plays an important role in the development of competitive sports and mass sports.In China today,sports industry is developing rapidly.Study of sports resources has a very important theoretical and practical significance for the sports industry development,training and development of sports market.In this paper,the author analysis deeply on the concept of physical resources and basic theoretical issues with the current situation in our country of sports resources And the research will lay a solid theoretical basis to expand on the extensive research issues related to sports resources.


J wave in inforo/ateral leads is more frequently recognized in patients (pts) with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) than in control subjects, and a new concept of early repolarization syndrome or J wave syndrome has been proposed. Brugada syndrome is characterized by ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads. In our cohort of 49 Brugada pts with documented VF (46 males, 46±13 years), J wave was recorded persistently in 15 pts (30.6%, P-group), intermittently in 16 pts (32.6%, I-group), and never recorded in 18 pts (36.7%, N-group). During follow-up period (7.7±3.8 years), VF recurred in all 15 pts with P-group (100%), and less in 12 pts with I-group (75%, p=0.11, log rank test) and in 8 pts with N-group (44%, p=0.0001, log rank test). These data suggest higher prevalence of J wave (31/49, 63.2%) in Brugada synforme with documented VF and a significant association between J wave and VF in Brugada syndrome. J wave amplitude in the infero/lateral leads was attenuated with sodium channel blocker in most Brugada pts, whereas ST-segment elevation was augmeted or coved type (type 1) ECG was unmasked in the right precordial leads, indicating the differential mechanism between the ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads and J wave in the infero/lateral leads in Brugada syndrome.


One of the main processes of supply chain management is supplier selection process which its accurate implementation can dramatically increase company competitiveness. In presented article model developed based on the features of second tiers suppliers and four scenarios are predicted in order to help the decision maker (DM) in making up his/her mind. In addition two tiers of suppliers have been considered as a chain of suppliers. Then the proposed approach is solved by a method combined of concepts of fuzzy set theory (FST) and linear programming (LP) which has been nourished by real data extracted from an engineering design and supplying parts company. At the end results reveal the high importance of considering second tier suppliers features as criteria for selecting the best supplier. Keywords—Supply Chain Management (SCM), Supplier Selection, Second Tier Supplier, Scenario Planning, Green Factor, Linear Programming, Fuzzy Set Theory


By analyzing five problems in the present Political and Ideological Education Course instruction in vocational colleges,the article puts forward corresponding reform strategies as follows: Attach great importance and concern to the significance of Political and Ideological Education Course to college students in terms of the ideological and moral education,strengthen and improve the leadership in the course instruction,establish a high-quality "dual-qualification" faculty contingent,make great efforts to compile supporting course materials with unique characteristics,and strengthen the course practice teaching to upgrade teaching effects.