This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the Council of Europe's activities concerning harmful actions of new religious movements. Within the first part of the paper, the author analysed Council of Europe's recommendations directed towards new religious movements. Within the second part, the causes for such Coucil's activism were examined. The third part is focused on establishing the relationship between the activities of the Council of Europe and national anti-cult strategies. Inside the final part, noticed tendencies and regularities were highlighted, together with the general summarization of the achieved insights. Among other things, it was concluded that the Council took a very cautious, liberal and tolerant attitude in relation to the matter of new religious movements. By recommending Member States exclusively to study these issues and educate the population, the Council clearly suggested the avoidance of legislative and other invasive anti-cult measures. Hence, the potential impact of the Council's recommendations can be sought exclusively within those countries that hold similar, liberal and non-invasive approach. By contrast, it is not justifiable to link such Council's influence with the policies of those countries that, contrary to recommendations 1178 and 1412, have opted for more radical (legislative and other) steps. On the other hand, it seems reasonable to assume that, on the contrary, countries with anti-cult legislation and other invasive anti-cult measures could easily influence the radicalization of the position of the Council of Europe, which can be noticed within the latest, yet not officially adopted, documents of the Council: Document 12595 and Report 13441.


. In this paper, we shall consider an initial value problem of the differential equation written in the title where (cid:1) = d/dt , − λ + 2 / < , λ < − . For every initial condition, we shall obtain analytical expressions of the solution of the initial value problem. These analytical expressions are valid in neighborhoods of both ends of the domain of the solution, and hence show asymptotic behavior of the solution.


During 2013, the Kentucky Transportation Center identified 117 potential performance metrics for the ten databases in the Kentucky Traffic Records System. This report summarizes the findings of three main tasks completed in 2014: (1) assessment of the utility of each metric and/or the availability of data; (2) collection of data on the metrics deemed useful with available data; and (3) assessment of the possibility of incorporating a number of the Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria (MMUCC) elements into the Collision reporting and analysis (CRASH) database. Interviews with liaisons for each database reduced the number of metrics from 117 to 51. The reason for rejecting the metric as useless is provided in two tables. Data on the useful and data available metrics is reported in one or more tables for each database. The review of the CRASH database for compliance with MMUCC found that 470 of 682 elements are currently MMUCC compliant. A total of 137 elements could be added to the CRASH database, which would render it 89% MMUCC compliant. A list of tentative conclusions is provided.


Cladding is a process in which the corrosion resistance material is deposited over a low carbon steel plate to improve its desired properties. It finds application in repairing worn out parts for achieving good corrosion resistant surface. The project is carried out with an objective of studying the effect of weld parameters on mechanical properties including corrosion resistance. The weld parameters considered are welding speed, weld current and arc voltage. Stainless steel is found to have good corrosive resistance and depositing it on steel plate will ensure protection against corrosion. Stainless steel cladding is generally followed to attain better resistance towards corrosion in chemical, marine, and nuclear applications. The experiment is done using E309L flux cored Super stainless on Mild steel of standard IS 2062. The study reveals improved mechanical properties and better corrosion resistance.


This paper introduced the development history and present situation of tea-oil industry in Fujian Province and also discussed the existing main problems.Some countermeasures were suggested to encourage the tea-oil industry development hereafter.


We highlight the relevance of studying the performance of productive units by considering space and product relationships. By applying the district/no district and independent/subcontractee status taxonomy, we find that district independent firms have higher value added and are more efficient than non district independent firms, but that ICT investment improves efficiency only for the latter. Our findings suggest that: (i) the quality of space relationships (district location) positively affects unmeasured forms of human and social capital; (ii) ICT adoption has a stronger impact on non district independent firms as the improvement of electronic links is more beneficial for productive units with poorer space relationships.


[Objective] To develop a high sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of chloropromazine hydrochloride.[Method] The method is based on the inhibition of hemoglobin for the oxidation of H2O2 with acid chrome blue K in the pH 9.8 NH3-NH4Cl buffer.The percentage inhibition of system is calculated under the optimal experimental condition.[Results] The calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.25-25.00 μg/ml,with the detection limit of 0.026 μg/ml.The relative standard deviation of this method is 4.5%at 2.5 μg/ml for 11 determination.[Conclusion] The method is sample,rapid,sensitive and can be used for the determination of chloropromazine hydrochloride residue in animal-derived food with satisfactory result.


ABSTRACT This paper seeks to assess Russia's policy towards the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as the organization turned thirty years old. CIS is frequently depicted as a failure of integration in the former Soviet space, plagued by Russia's damaging policies of aggression against smaller partners, diverging goals of its members, and inadequate institutional design. This paper argues that Russia continues to support CIS, notwithstanding these issues. By referring to the variables of the theory of cooperative hegemony, I show how Moscow's commitment to it through the creation of a regional identity validates the continued existence of the Commonwealth.


Network embedding, which learns continuous low-dimension representations of nodes, provides an effective way for many network analysis tasks, such as node classification and link prediction. Most existing models are time-consuming and cannot be applied to dynamic networks. To alleviate these issues, we apply Arora's sentence2vec model to network embedding to enhance the performance of existing network embedding methods. Under the same framework of the sentence2vec, we name the network embedding method MNE^2, which allows us to leverage the latent representation obtained from a given embedding approach to learn enhanced node embeddings in a network. Taking into account interactions between nodes in the network, the enhanced network embedding can be viewed as the latent factors for generating embedding representations of neighbor nodes. Then, PCA is applied to modify the embedding results to make the enhanced embeddings more expressive. We evaluate MNE^2 on three real-world social network datasets for node classification and link prediction tasks. The results show that MNE^2 can outperform state-of-the-art network embedding learning methods in both tasks.


Stunting becomes the main nutritional problem which is a consequence of long-term, cumulative inadequacies of health and nutrition. Child feeding practices by good parents can prevent stunting in children from an early age. Child feeding practices include early breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding practice, and frequency of feeding. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of child feeding practices on stunting in children aged 12-36 months in Jember Regency. The sample was selected using a simple random sampling technique, totaling 220 mothers. The data were analyzed using chi-square statistic tests and multiple logistic regression tests. The results of the test discovered that most of the respondents were low educated mothers and low-income families. The significant determinants associated with stunting were exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 3.30; 95%CI 1.85-5.90), complementary feeding practices (OR = 1.86; 95%CI 1.04-3.33), and frequency of feeding (OR = 1.95; 95%CI 1.84-3.51). Exclusive breastfeeding is the major determinant for stunting in toddlers and therefore should be a priority program to improve the nutritional status of children in early ages of life.


Part 2's focus on empirical research—research into how genres are learned, how they function in particular contexts, and how they carry out communicative goals and reflect/reinforce ideologies—illustrates how research can inform our practices as writing teachers. Research into genre learning and acquisition has provided teachers with useful methods for situating learning and for fostering meta-cognition that connects new and already-acquired knowledge. In addition, research into genre knowledge and performance has motivated pedagogical applications that work to facilitate the transfer of genre knowledge and writing skills from one writing context to another, from first-year composition (FYC) courses to courses in the disciplines, and from academic writing to workplace writing. Finally, recent studies of how genres function socially and ideologically have led to increased attention to critical pedagogical methods and to approaches to genre grounded in critique and an awareness of genre difference and change. In order to examine the varied goals that drive differing agendas, this chapter will focus on a range of pedagogical approaches informed by genre research and scholarship, while the next chapter will focus on pedagogical approaches emerging from Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS), as these have informed genre teaching in Rhetoric and Composition studies. Amy Devitt argues that while all genre pedagogies " share an understanding of genres as socially and culturally as well as linguistically embedded.. .. [d]ifferent genre pedagogies result. .. from emphasizing different theoretical concerns " (" Teaching " 346). This has led to


1. Adam, W.; Ahrweiler, M.; Vlcek, P.: Chemiluminescence of the Labile 1,2-Dioxetanes and Epoxides Produced in the Oxidation of A^-Acetylated Dihydroand Tetiahydropyrazines by Singlet Oxygen, Dimethyldioxirane and m-Chloroperbenzoic Acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117 (1995) 9690-9692. 2. Sheldrick, G. M.: Program Package SHELXTL-plus. Release 4.1. Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments Inc., Madison (WI53719), US A 1990.


A whole-program MATLAB to C translation system is presented. The paper outlines the motivation for the problem, discusses the system's architecture, its features and limitations. The translator's operation is explained using an example input program. Details are given on how the system implements and specializes some of the language's built-in primitives. Finally, the paper reports measurements evaluating the execution time and memory usage of the translated sources, and the compilation time required for the translations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The work for this paper was carried out when the authors were at Northwestern University


UNSTRUCTURED
 The objective of this systematic review is to determine the effect of genetic variants that associate with antidiabetic medications and their efficacy and toxicity in T2DM patients. The understanding may allow interventions for improving management of T2DM and later systematically evaluated in more in-depth studies. We will have performed a comprehensive search using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Sciences and Cochrane database from 1990 to 2018. Relevant journals and references of all included studies will be hand searched to find the additional studied. Eligible studies such as pharmacogenetics studies in terms of drug response and toxicity in the type 2 diabetes patients and performed just on human will be included. Data extraction and quality assessment will be carried out by two independent reviewers and disagreements will be resolved through third expert reviewer. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational Studies. Narrative synthesis will be conducted by the combination of key findings. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication and also presented at PROSPERO. We expect this review will provide highly relevant information for clinicians, pharmaceutical industry that will benefit from the summary of the best available data regarding the efficacy of antidiabetic medication in the aspect of pharmacogenetics. PROSPERO Registration number (CRD42018104843)


Bring forward individual opinion and feasible way on market study,selling,network development,investment estimation and financial evaluation of processed oil marketing joint venture project.


This paper analyzes the scalability limitations of networking technologies based on the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) in supporting the runtime environment needed for an implementation of the Message Passing Interface. We present an overview of the important characteristics of VIA and an overview of the runtime system being developed as part of the Computational Plant (Cplant) project at Sandia National Laboratories. We discuss the characteristics of VIA that prevent implementations based on this system to meet the scalability and performance requirements of Cplant.


New guanidine containing molecular clips are described which show a high affinity (Ka= 25 000 dm3 mol–1) for aromatic guest molecules; they aggregate to form scrolls when suspended in 1 mol dm–3 HCl.


In this paper, an improved ant colony optimization(ICMPACO) algorithm based on the multi-population strategy, co-evolution mechanism, pheromone updating strategy, and pheromone diffusion mechanism is proposed to balance the convergence speed and solution diversity, and improve the optimization performance in solving the large-scale optimization problem. In the proposed ICMPACO algorithm, the optimization problem is divided into several sub-problems and the ants in the population are divided into elite ants and common ants in order to improve the convergence rate, and avoid to fall into the local optimum value. The pheromone updating strategy is used to improve optimization ability. The pheromone diffusion mechanism is used to make the pheromone released by ants at a certain point, which gradually affects a certain range of adjacent regions. The co-evolution mechanism is used to interchange information among different sub-populations in order to implement information sharing. In order to verify the optimization performance of the ICMPACO algorithm, the traveling salesmen problem (TSP) and the actual gate assignment problem are selected here. The experiment results show that the proposed ICMPACO algorithm can effectively obtain the best optimization value in solving TSP and effectively solve the gate assignment problem, obtain better assignment result, and it takes on better optimization ability and stability.


The paper examines bilingual sample verbs in Igbo-English bilingual speech, that is, single-word verbs whose components derive from the two languages. Bilingual simple verbs are studied in contexts of intrasentential codeswitching and it is shown that their distribution is significant in distinguishing the patterns of codeswitching. Two patterns of codeswitching in the three-way typology proposed in Muysken (2000) are identified, namely insertion, in which Igbo provides the morphosyntactic structure of the clause and alternation, in which neither language dominates the other. Bilingual simple verbs occur in the insertional pattern, in which the Igbo grammatical frame forces morphological integration of inserted English verbs and are not attested in the alternational pattern.


The results of the development of a current sensor with galvanic isolation based on the anisotropic magnetoresistive effect without magnetic flux concentrators (MFCs) and two variants of MFC designs are presented. The influence of the MFCs on the electrophysical characteristics of the sensor is studied, as well as their role in the displacement of the conductor relative to the sensitive element. The developed current sensor provides the control of both direct and alternating electric currents with a frequency of up to 210 kHz, starting from 0.5 mA, without breaking the conductor. The range of the measured currents is up to ±24 A, with a conversion factor of up to 4 V/A, and the current consumption does not exceed 30 mA in the temperature range from −60 °C to +125 °C.


INTRODUCTION The University of South Florida (USF) Libraries consist of five separate entities, two located at regional campuses in St. Petersburg and Sarasota and three libraries located on the main campus in Tampa. These libraries operate in a collegial, cooperative way yet each operates independently of the others. This arrangement allows the individual missions of each of the Libraries to be met while ensuring collaboration and cooperation. The many initiatives within and among the USF Libraries depend upon a reliable and advanced networked infrastructure and on staff, facility and financial decisions focussed on true programmatic cooperation. This paper addresses the interaction between the USF Libraries in defining and realising institutional commitment to its virtual library plan. The USF Virtual Libraries Planning Committee first convened in September 1995. At that meeting, the committee was charged with the task of preparing a proposal for a university-wide virtual library. The committee was comprised of eight librarians, seven representing the USF Libraries and the eighth from Florida Gulf Coast University who provided an "outsider" view of the process. The three USF campuses serve a variety of clientele, ranging from a large undergraduate and graduate research library, an undergraduate and graduate regional campus


This paper presents a methodology for a benefit–cost analysis of improving the conditions of highway segment safety hardware over its life cycle. In the framework, a safety index is established for assessing the risks of vehicle crashes on a highway segment. These risks are associated with the safety-related attributes of the segment, which include traffic volume, segment length, standards and consistency of geometric design, pavement surface condition, safety hardware condition, and roadside features. The annual potential for safety improvements (PSI) associated with safety hardware improvements is calculated as reductions in fatal, injury, and property-damage-only crashes on the highway segment on the basis of the without- and with-improvement safety indices. Then, by monetizing and extrapolating the annual PSI over the longest hardware service life, the maximum life-cycle benefits of safety hardware improvements for the highway segment are established. To demonstrate the application of the methodology, data on 193 highway segments in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, are collected and analyzed and the results are validated using the root-mean-square error test, chi-square test, Spearman's rank correlation test, and the Mann–Whitney test. A direction for future research is recommended to simplify the methodology and to prepare guidelines for enhancing its practical implementation.


The following theorem is proved: There are no discrete groups generated by reflections with fundamental polyhedron of finite volume in Lobachevsky space of dimension 995. Bibliography: 8 titles.


The insight that demand flexibility bears value under uncertain price development is fundamental to this thesis, which studies such flexibility in timing the procurement of exchange-traded goods. When market prices vary, it can be possible to fulfill time-independent requests for a given product or service at lower prices. In that sense, the thesis addresses electricity and cloud computing, which both can be considered nonstorable goods that require immediate consumption. Therefore, both the established, liberalized electricity market and the rapidly growing cloud computing market could make beneficial use of short-term demand flexibility. The involvement of information systems and technology facilitates that use and makes it likely for these two markets to be more closely interrelated in the future. Consequently, this thesis provides an outlook on market structures that may become more relevant in the future. It unites four research papers and contextualizes their contribution. Two research papers advise on scheduling flexible demand in electricity markets (Paper 1 — Providing Utility to Utilities: The Value of Information Systems Enabled Flexibility in Electricity Consumption) and a cloud computing market (Paper 4 — Scheduling Flexible Demand in Cloud Computing Spot Markets: A Real Options Approach). Both papers introduce real option models and analytical algorithms for evaluating temporal demand flexibility in the respective markets. Options to reduce electricity costs or to join microgrids as decentralized consumption structures can shape demand flexibility. In a mixed methods research approach, Paper 2 — Electronic Markets for Electricity Procurement by SMEs: Determining PriceImpacting Factors and their Influence on the Outcome of Electronic Reverse Auctions — investigates price-impacting factors when companies auction their electricity supply in an innovative form of electricity procurement. Paper 3 — Framing Microgrid Design from a Business and Information Systems Engineering Perspective: A Framework and Agenda for Research — systematizes the microgrid construct. This thesis thus contributes to understanding and embracing new possibilities opened up by information systems, such as electronic spot markets and exchange trade, electronic reverse auctions, automated load shifting decisions, and microgrids.


The promotion and implementation of educational innovations by the principal of a school organization is an important challenge that he is called upon to undertake together with the teachers of the educational organization. This paper focuses on leaders̉ actions to encourage the organization and implementation of innovations in the school organization. In the present work, an attempt is made to investigate in a sample of 104 directors of Primary Education in the Region of Western Greece issues related to the necessity and climate of introducing innovative actions in the school organization they serve, the suitability of specific models - leadership style for implementing innovations in school organization and encouraging and supporting actions to implement innovations in schools. The research highlighted the need for education through the implementation of innovative actions with an important factor being the existence of a positive communication climate through a democratic leadership style. Innovation incentives seem to be related to having a relevant master's degree, training and years of management, while in-school training as an innovation support action seems to be related to the years of management. In fact, the success of an innovative action is never guaranteed, but it depends on many factors, making the role of the principal in the school organization crucial.  Article visualizations:


Introduction:
 Inflammation is causally related to atherothrombosis. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) require NLRP3 inflammasome for activation and have downstream effects on interleukin-6 (IL-6), a marker previously associated with high risk of coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). However, data pertaining to peripheral artery disease (PAD) are sparse and could offer druggable targets in this disease.

 Methods:
 We conducted a prospective cohort study of 4248 patients with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome and prior coronary artery disease who participated in the NIH-funded Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT). Participants were followed for up to 5 years for incident CCVD and symptomatic PAD events. Randomized treatment with low-dose methotrexate (vs. placebo) had no effect on event rates or plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Baseline levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6 were tested for association with incident vascular events. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for traditional risk factors) were estimated.

 Results:
 In multivariable adjusted analyses, hazard ratios for the lowest (referent) to highest baseline quartiles of IL-6 were 1.0, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.0 (p-trend <0.001) and 1.0, 1.2, 2.5, and 2.0 (p-trend = 0.04) for incident CCVD (N=349) and PAD (N=87), respectively. Baseline IL-6 levels above vs. below the median (2.50 pg/ml) were associated with a 56% increased risk of CCVD (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.26-1.93) and a 113% increased risk PAD (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.36-3.32) (Figure 1). Baseline levels of IL-1β and IL-18 did not associate with incident CCVD or PAD.

 Conclusion:
 In this contemporary cohort of secondary prevention patients, elevated IL-6 was associated with both incident CCVD and PAD. These data support exploration of direct IL-6 inhibition for PAD prevention, a strategy currently being pursued to reduce risk of coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease.


Multi-core architectures can deliver high processing power if the multiple levels of parallelism they expose are exploited. However, it is non-trivial to orchestrate the compu- tational and memory resources allocation. Furthermore, when dealing with distributed memory architectures, data distribution adds another level of complexity. This paper presents a model- driven technique for mapping multi-task parallel programs onto multi-core platforms. The resource allocation configurations are expressed within a three-dimensional optimization space which affects task-level and data-level parallelism, and communication. Then, the performance of any valid parallelization scheme is estimated statically, taking into account both computation and communication costs. We prototyped our approach on the Cell BE with an image processing application. Experiments show that our model can correctly predict the overall performance and highlight the most efficient parallelization schemes.


A 65-year-old male patient with a status of right maxillectomy with preoperative chemoradiotherapy is presented, in whom the defect was reconstructed with rectus abdominis flap. Following loss of abutment teeth due to poor periodontal condition, the previous maxillary overdenture retained O-ring attachments (OP anchor attachment) unfortunately failed. Dental adhesive was unable to provide satisfactory denture stability and adequate prosthesis retention. Therefore, the patient was offered treatment of dental implant with Locator attachment-retained overdenture in the remaining maxilla. Masticatory efficiency by using subjective and objective measurements was evaluated with the previous overdenture, with the implant-supported overdenture, and with two years follow-up. Although an implant was suddenly left after 1 year functioning, the patient wore implant-supported overdenture with Locator attachments masticatory functions still showed markedly improvement. There was no complication during the second year followup period. The results suggest that the application of implant-supported overdenture with Locator attachments is useful for oral rehabilitation in patients with resected edentulous maxilla.


Although glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, extracranial metastasis is rare, occurring in <2% of cases. This rarity has been attributed to the blood brain barrier, immunologic factors, lack of traditional lymphatics in the brain, and the poor prognosis of GBM, limiting its opportunity to metastasize. When GBM does metastasize, bone is the most common destination. GBM may spread hematogenously to bone, especially to vertebral bodies via the surrounding venous plexus. In this single-institution study, we review the clinical characteristics of GBM patients with osseous metastases and evaluate potential risk factors and prognostic significance.

 Using an institutional database, we identified and retrospectively analyzed 6 GBM patients with osseous metastases and studied their demographics, tumor genetics, clinical courses, and outcomes.

 Five of 6 (83%) GBM patients with osseous metastases were male, with a median age of 46 years at GBM diagnosis (range: 20-84). All patients had IDH wild type and MGMT unmethylated GBM with mutations in TP53. Two patients (33%) were initially diagnosed with gliosarcoma. All patients were treated with surgical resection followed by radiation with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Five patients (83%) received bevacizumab for vasogenic edema (n=4) or intracranial tumor progression (n=1) prior to bone metastasis diagnosis. Bone metastases were diagnosed a median of 12.2 months (range: 5.3-35.2) after GBM diagnosis and 4.8 months after starting bevacizumab (range: 3.5-13.2). Two patients (33%) received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and two patients (33%) received tumor-treating fields prior to bone metastasis discovery. Bone metastases were symptomatic in 2 patients, presenting with back pain (n=1) and leg weakness and urinary incontinence (n=1). Three patients (50%) had concurrent metastases to other organs. Osseous metastases were biopsy-confirmed in 3 (50%) cases, while the other 3 patients had no known alternative malignancy to explain their bone metastases. After osseous metastasis discovery, the median survival was 27 days (range: 13-225).

 Most of our GBM patients with osseous metastases were male and most, but not all, were young at GBM diagnosis. Tumor genetics common to all patients included IDH wild type, MGMT unmethylated status, and TP53 mutation, which may be important for osseous metastasis. Most patients received bevacizumab, which may be associated with earlier metastasis. While rare, metastatic GBM should be within the differential for GBM patients with bone pain or progressive neurologic symptoms, as osseous metastases portend a dismal prognosis in an already aggressive malignancy.


This work uses some simple Liouville type arguments to extend some recent work of Bundschuh and of Laohakosol and Ubolsri on algebraic independence. The results are stronger and are not restricted to just two numbers. We then use the results to give a new and simple proof of Bundschuh's result concerning the algebraic independence of certain numbers whose g-adic and continued fraction expansions are both known.


The existing problems of spin flash dying technology applicated in bleaching powder concentrate production were introduced.The influences factors were analysed,and innovation measures were put forward.


David Billington (1927 – 2018) was an educator who strove to increase the appreciation of structural art through his research, writings, lectures and ideas. This paper examines Billington's influence on structural engineering and practicing structural engineers.


This essay explores the metaphor of a spillway in Dallas, Texas's Turtle Creek (a branch of the Trinity River) to illuminate the writer's obsession with loss and longing. The writer, now in middle-age, ended her relationship with her mother nearly thirty years ago. Her mother now attempts to connect with her through social media. The writer considers both the reasons for the estrangement and the primal love she still has for her mother.


Background: Bladder rupture is a serious urological injury. Because symptoms are often atypical among elderly patients, this condition is often undetected especially when there is little or no trauma. Aims and Objective: We report a rare case of bladder rupture, secondary to abdominal massage. Patient and Method: A case of a 78 year old man who presented with 4 day history of abdominal pain following therapeutic traditional abdominal massage. Results : Following an exploratory laparotomy and repair of an 8cm intraperitonial bladder dome rupture, the patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged. Conclusion : A high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis and immediate exploration will decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with this condition. There should be increased awareness on the inherent risk associated with traditional abdominal massage. Keywords: Urinary bladder, rupture , abdominal massage.


The optical property of inland water is very complex, and inversion of water components concentration of inland water body is hotspot and difficulty problem in water quality remote sensing. The remote sensing reflectance and water qualities of 67 stations were acquired in the Lake Taihu in October, 2004. Basing on the characteristic spectral analysis, it was obvious that the water body spectral character in Lake Taihu in autumn was dominated by the total suspended matter (TSM). The properties of the chlorophyll fluorescence peak mainly reflect the variation of the concentration of TSM. Hereby, we established the relation between the properties of the chlorophyll fluorescence peak and the concentration of TSM based on in-situ remote sensing reflectance with 1nm bandwith and water quality measurements. There were good response relationships between them. Making a concrete analysis ofthe correlation relationship between the absolute height of fluoresce peak, the height above the reference baseline, the normalized height referred to the maximum reflectance about 560nm in green band and 810nm in infrared band, the integral area (including the total integral area, the integral area between the spectral curve and the reference baseline, the integral area below the reference baseline and the wavelength axis) and the concentration of TSM. Their correlation coefficients were 0.8822, 0.7483, 0.8901, 0.8547, 0.8927, 0.8877 and 0.8632 respectively, and the average relative error were 27.25%, 41.03%, 27.11%, 25.75%, 24.91%, 25.47% and 27.54% respectively. The inversion accuracy of the total integral area method is obvious better than the reference baseline height method. No outstanding correlation relationship between chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence peak position were found based on reflectance spectra. The results show that chlorophyll fluorescence properties are effective in detecting TSM concentration in turbid inland water body, which provide a new optional sensitive band to retrieval TSM concentration in complex waters.


Exclusive ρ0ρ0ρ0ρ0 production in two-photon collisions between a quasi-real and a mid-virtuality photon is studied with data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies 183 L3 Collaboration, ACHARD, Pablo (Collab.), et al. Measurement of exclusive ρ 0


The identification of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) remains an open problem since discovery of the first two such features 80 years ago. Any attempt to solve the mystery of the carrier(s) of the DIBs must involve interdisciplinary collaboration between molecular physicists, chemists and astronomers. It is expected that progress in this field will be possible when all known DIBs are divided into families in such a way that only one carrier is responsible for all bands belonging to a given family. In this paper we review some attempts to solve the problem of the origin of the DIBs and we present our latest trials on dividing DIBs into spectroscopic families. We define and discuss the problem of 'noisy correlation' between strengths of different DIBs. Noisy correlation has to be controlled carefully when we look for spectroscopic families of DIBs.


. The semilinear elliptic equation Am + f(u) = 0 in R" with the condition lim^^oo u(x) = 0 is studied, where n > 2 and f(u) has a superlinear and subcritical growth at u = ±oo. For example, the functions /(«) = IuI'-'k -w(l<p<ooif« = 2, 1 < p < (n + 2)/(n - 2) if n > 3) and f(u) = u log |u| are treated. The L2 and Hl norm estimates Cx(k + \)"l2 < \\u\\0 < \\u\\Hi < C2{k + l)"/2 are established for any radially symmetric solution u which has exactly k > 0 zeros in the interval 0 < |jc | < oo . Here Cx, C2 > 0 are independent of u and k .


A 60-cell photovoltaic (PV) module was analyzed by optimizing the interconnection parameters of the solar cells to enhance the efficiency and increase the power of the PV module setup. The cell-to-module (CTM) losses and gains varied substantially during the various simulation iterations. Optimization was performed to inspect and augment the gain and loss parameters for the 60-cell PV module. The power and efficiency of the module were improved by refining several parameters, such as number of busbars, size of the contact pads, interconnected ribbon width, thickness of the core, and distance between the solar cells and strings, to obtain the maximum efficiency of 21.09%; the CTM efficiency achieved was 94.19% for the proposed strategy related to the common interconnection setup of the ribbon-based system. The CTM efficiency was improved by optimizing the geometrical, optical, and electrical parameters precisely, the power enhancement was up to 325.3 W, and a CTM power of 99.1% was achieved from a standard PV module with rectangular ribbon interconnections.


Recent theorizing and research suggest that communicators using rebuttal analogy are rated as less polite, less likable, less competent and less ethical than communicators using a nonanalogy form of the same argument. A significant limitation of this work, however, is that it focuses largely on European Americans to the exclusion of other important groups, such as African American women, that are exposed to rebuttal analogy in public discourse. African American females'norms associated with communicative competence and argumentative practices, differing from European Americans, render this co‐cultural group's perceptions of rebuttal analogy and its users of particular theoretical import. On the basis of a 2 (rebuttal analogy, nonanalogy) x 4 (message topic) design, African American women (n = 200) read and rated one of eight experimental messages. Results indicated that African American women rated (a) rebuttal analogy users as less polite than communicators using the nonanalogy argument form, and (b) reb...


quality and to remove it from our personal knowledge and experience with it, or as a group of specific people, our own family, so intimately known by us as to seem to have little or nothing in common with "the family" as experienced by anyone else. It is my hope that, in reacting to what I have written, we may think of the family as we have known it for ourselves, as we have known it in our relationships and work with families other than our own, and as we have conceived it as a "social institution" having great significance for our times. Recent writers from the fields of soci-


In this paper, we will obtain a form of Bernstein-Stancu bivariate operators and finally we will give an approximation theorem for them. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 41A10, 41A25, 41A36, 41A63.


INTRODUCTION: A five month siege was struck on Mosul, the second largest city in Iraq, leading to the mass displacement of its population. Malnutrition screening in displacement camps targeting children aged 6 - 59 months resulted low prevalence rates. Nevertheless, MSF teams operating a healthcare facility in Qayyarah, one of the major sites of displacement, reported high bed occupancy rates of severe malnutrition (SM) among children less than six months of age. The aims of the study were: to estimate the prevalence rate of malnutrition among infants less than 12 months and to explore the barriers to feeding children. METHODS: an exhaustive malnutrition assessment targeting children less than 12 months old was conducted in Al Jad'ah camps, Qayyarah. Weight-for-age zscore (WAZ) and/or edema or middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) and/or edema were used to define SM. Semi-structured interviews with mothers of hospitalized SM children and key informants were conducted. RESULTS: almost one-quarter of the infants less than six months were suffering of SM; 123/484 (25%) and 127/484 (26%) using either criteria. Among infants of 6 - 11 months old, 20% were screened with moderate acute malnutrition and 12% with severe acute malnutrition. Population practices, trauma mental health, malnutrition of mothers and lack of formula milk were all factors affecting infant feeding patters. CONCLUSION: the results highlight a large burden of malnutrition among infants attributed to various factors affecting infant feeding patterns. This study signifies the importance of adapting interventions to population needs, ensuring the availability of breastmilk substitutes. Consequently, MSF reoriented the operational strategy to establish an ambulatory therapeutic feeding center (ATFC) and increase the ITFC bed capacity in Qayyarah hospital.


Several studies have found that morbid obesity is associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Partial gastrectomies are increasingly being performed for the treatment of morbid obesity. Surgical pathologists are the ones handling such specimens, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) are not uncommon to be seen. Because stomach is a common site for extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the MALT type, the objective of this study is to evaluate the morphology of MALT in gastrectomy specimens. We randomly chose 100 patients who underwent partial gastrectomy specifically for morbid obesity treatment. H&E-stained slides of partial gastrectomy specimens are obtained from the archives of the Department of Pathology, Wayne State University. After initial screening for the presence of MALT, the morphology of MALTs are evaluated by 2 hematopathologists. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies directed against CD3 and CD20 and Warthin-Starry histochemical stain are also performed when needed to further characterize MALT. Of the 100 randomly selected patients, 91 were women and 9 were men (F/M ratio, 10:1). The average body mass indexes (BMIs) were 44.5 k/m 2 for women and 42.2 k/m 2 for men. The mean age was 43.5 years (range, 19-65 years). MALTs are identified in 30 cases (29 women; 1 man), and all were located in mucosa and associated with gastritis. Four cases were positive for Helicobacter pylori microorganism by Warthin-Starry histochemical stain. The lymphocytes in 12 cases were close to the mucosal surface epithelium, and lymphepithelial lesion was identified in 2 of them. These 2 cases were negative for H pylori microorganism. Anti-CD3 and CD20 immunostains showed no B-cell predominance, including the 2 cases with lymphoepithelial lesions. Interestingly, H pylori -positive MALTs (n = 4) were composed of small to medium-sized lymphocytes with abundant pale cytoplasm; however lymphocytes in H pylori -negative MALT were mainly small and showed less monocytoid B-cell morphology. The development of MALT is not an uncommon finding in specimens from gastrectomies performed for morbid obesity. MALT is mainly restricted to mucosa, and H pylori infection is not the only driving mechanism for its development. A better understanding of MALT may help in early recognition of MALT lymphoma and appropriate treatment.


BRILLO (Bartending Robot for Interactive Long-Lasting Operations) project aims to deploy an autonomous robotic bartender that can naturally interact with customers in a real-world service point. In such a scenario, this work presents a multi-modal personalised recommendation method for increasing users' engagement with a bartending robot. The personalised recommendation is adopted at two levels: one for the recommendation of the service (i.e. drinks), and another for selecting the human-robot interaction (HRI) modalities. The envisioned multi-modal personalised recommendation method enables the BRILLO robot to intelligently adapt its dialogues, pose and gestures, according to the user's moods, attention behaviours, personal traits, and situational context (drink orders, group dynamics, etc.).


This study evaluated the effects of three instructional methods—direct experience, cartographic representation, and verbal description—on the spatial knowledge of 30 adults who are blind. During four sessions, the participants learned a large, complex route in Madrid that included eight landmarks. In the first session, the experimenter guided the participants along the route, and in the subsequent sessions, the participants guided the experimenter. The results showed that the participants' practical spatial knowledge was better when they learned the route with a tactile map than in either of the two other conditions.


A display device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The display device of the present invention comprises: a substrate; and a reflecting member which is provided on one surface of the substrate and has a first thickness in a first reflective region corresponding to a light emitting region and a second thickness in a second reflective region corresponding to a non-light emitting region.


The purpose is to study clinical and morphological features and receptivity of endometrium in patients with chronic endometritis (CE) and various endocrine function of the ovaries. 161 patients were examined. The first group comprised 43 patients with CE and normal ovulatory menstrual cycle, II group 80 women with CE and insufficient luteal phase, III group 38 patients with CE and anovulatory ovarian dysfunction. Control group 20 gynecologicaly healthy women. It was found that patients with CE have marked structural changes and endometrial receptivity disorder presented as damaged surface epithelium, maturation pinopody violations at the time of the "window of implantation", overexpression of ER, PR reduction in the stroma and expression of LIF. The more these changes are expressed, the more secretory transformation of the endometrium and ovarian endocrine function are destroyed, and these changes may underlie the impaired reproductive function in patients with CE.


Assessing users' states becomes increasingly important also for technical systems. In the present study, we assessed the influence of hunger on processing food versus household items by monitoring eye movements in a picture categorization task. As indicator for sympathetic activation, pupil dilation was additionally assessed in hungry and satiated participants. Food and household items were presented in the left and right visual field and the task of the participants was to indicate whether the pictures in both visual fields represented the same (household vs. food) or different categories (household and food). Although behavioural data did not differ between hungry and satiated participants, more thorough investigations of gaze behaviour showed that hungry participants were more impaired in processing household items than the satiated ones. In addition, mean pupil dilation differed between hungry and satiated participants. Pupil size was shown to correlate with hunger ratings suggesting that gaze-based measures can indeed serve as diagnostic tool for sensing user states.


Breathing crystals based on polymer-chain complexes of Cu(hfac)2 (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) with nitronyl nitroxides represent a new type of molecular magnetic sensors, exhibiting thermally and light-induced structural rearrangements in the spin clusters Cu ← (O∸N<)n accompanied by magnetic anomalies. To shed light on the driving forces of the rearrangements a method for the synthesis of sterically hindered 4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-N-oxides (nitronyl ketones) structurally mimicking nitronyl nitroxides in breathing crystals has been determined. This method employs palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 3,3,4-trimethyl-4-nitropentanoic acid chloride with 4-stannylpyrazoles, leading to the formation of nitroketones followed by soft reduction into hydroxylamines, that then undergo self-initiated cyclization into the corresponding nitrones. The radical oxidation of the latter finally yields the target nitronyl ketones. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the nitronyl ketones confirms that their structural characteristics are close to those of the corresponding nitronyl nitroxides. Moreover, upon reaction with Cu(hfac)2, diamagnetic nitronyl ketones form polymer-chain complexes with a 'head-to-tail' motif and a structure similar to their analogues containing paramagnetic nitronyl nitroxides. Finally, it has been found that one of the complexes with nitronyl ketones does manifest a purely structural phase transition similar to its copper-nitroxide analogue, but at the same time it does not manifest any signs of a magneto-structural transition characteristic for breathing crystals where a Jahn–Teller axis in the coordination units CuNO4(O∸N<) is flipped. This observation strongly confirms the crucial role of the exchange interactions between spins of copper and nitroxide for the origin of magneto-structural anomalies in breathing crystals.


Abstract The problem of longitudinal shear of bimaterial with thin nonlinear elastic inclusion at the interface of matrix materials is considered. Solution of the problem is constructed using the boundary value problem of combining analytical functions and jump functions method. The model of the thin inclusion with nonlinear resilient parameters is built. Solution of the problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations with variable coefficients. The convergent iterative method for solving such a system is offered for various nonlinear strain models, including Ramberg-Osgood law. Numerical calculations are carried out for different values of non-linearity characteristic parameters for the inclusion material. Their parameters are analysed for the tensely-deformed matrix under loading a uniformly distributed shear stresses and for a balanced system of the concentrated forces.


In our double‐blind randomized trial of methylprednisolone vs. placebo in severe viral hepatitis, 16 patients with hepatitis B (8 on steroid, 8 on placebo) were followed for at least 4 weeks. Four of the eight patients receiving methylprednisolone eventually died and all patients on placebo survived. Despite marked reduction in serum IgG in steroid‐treated patients, the decline in HBsAg titer and disappearance of Dane particle markers was the same in both treatment groups. A nonspecific depression of anti‐HBc was noted in patients given steroid. There is no evidence that corticosteroid therapy accelerates viral replication when the acute hepatitis is severe.


—In this paper, we analyzed DSR, AODV, and DSDV routing protocols in wireless ad-hoc networks. For comparison purposes, we have taken average throughput, normalized routing load, and End to End (E2E) delay as matrices. We assumed here that node mobility is very low in the network. In respect of simulation time, we have analyzed performance of proactive (DSDV) as well as reactive (DSR, AODV) routing protocols. Varying the simulation times, we analyzed for three protocols. Network-Simulator (NS)-2 is used as a simulation tool.


The network community always pays its attention to find better methods for traffic classification, which is crucial for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to provide better QoS for users. Prior works on traffic classification mainly focus their attentions on dividing Internet traffic into different categories based on application layer protocols (such as HTTP, Bit Torrent etc.). Making traffic classification from another point of view, we divide Internet traffic into different content types. Our technology is an attempt to solve the classification problem of network traffic, which contains unknown and proprietary protocols (i.e., no publicly available protocol specification). In this paper, we design a classifier which can distinguish Internet traffic into different content types using machine learning techniques. Features of our classifier are entropy of consecutive bytes and frequencies of characters. Our method is capable of classifying real-world traces into different content types (including Text, Picture, Audio, Video, Compressed, Base 64-encoded image, Base 64-encoded text and Encrypted). The chief features of our classifier are small computing space (about 1K Bytes) and high classification accuracy (about 81%).


The measurement of forces between lipid bilayers is complicated by the coupling which exists between bilayer structure and interbilayer interaction. In fact, direct measurements are impracticable and methods must be sought which enable these two factors to be separated. A procedure is developed for calculating the bilayer stress, γ, and the interbilayer force, ƒ, from simultaneous X-ray measurements of the bilayer structure and water layer thickness and the activity of water. The method is applied to existing experimental measurements for the egg-lecithin–water system. The interbilayer 'hydration force' is found to be attractive, exponential with a decay length of 0.22 nm and to dominate completely the van der Waals dispersion force for bilayer separations well beyond the swelling limit. The spontaneous uptake of water by the lamellar phase is shown to be a consequence of the decrease in Gibbs energy associated with the lateral expansion of the bilayer. The elastic area compressibility modulus, ka, near to the swelling limits is found to be 140 mN m–1. The implications of these results for the phase behaviour of phospholipid–water mixtures and the stability of vesicle dispersions are discussed.


DiffServ mechanisms have been developed to support Quality of Service (QoS). However, the level of assurance that can be provided with DiffServ without substantial over-provisioning is limited. Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) investigates the use of per-flow admission control to provide the required service guarantees for the admitted traffic. While admission control will protect the QoS under
normal operating conditions, an additional flow termination mechanism is necessary in the times of heavy congestion (e.g. caused by route changes due to link or node failure).
Encoding and their transport are required to carry the congestion and pre-congestion information from the congestion and pre-congestion points to the decision points. This document provides a survey of
several encoding methods, using comparisons amongst them as a way to explain their strengths and weaknesses.


Although a considerable body of extant literature advises that parents of intellectually able children should be supported by counseling, research evidence is lacking. This study represents data collected from 42 families of 47 children (mean age 6.9 years: mean IQ 150) and reports their experiences across the contexts of family/friendship networks, community resources and school. The findings indicate that parents of able children are subjected to negative experiences in all three settings which would confirm their need for support. Further, the ecological‐systems paradigm is unlikely to be appropriate where home‐school perceptions diverge.


To make geometric computation robust against numerical errors is one of the most important issues for practical applications of geometric algorithms. We first review existing approaches to robust geometric computation, and next show that there still remain many difficulties. Finally we discuss possible directions to overcome these difficulties and thus to achieve superrobustness.


The etiology of canine gallbladder mucocele (GBM) has not yet been identified. However, several studies have linked GBM in dogs to particular breeds (Shetland Sheepdogs are commonly implicated), concurrent endocrine disease (hyperadrenocorticism and/or hypothyroidism), and a mutation in the canine ABCB4 gene (ABCB4 1583_1584G), particularly in Shetland Sheepdogs. The current study assessed ABCB4 1583_1584G, in a wider sample of dogs with GBM compared with age and breed-matched controls. ABCB4 1583_1584G was identified in 4 of 8 Shetland Sheepdogs and 13 of 28 other breeds with GBM. ABCB4 1583_1584G was also detected in 9 of 12 Shetland Sheepdogs and 23 of 37 other breeds that did not have GBM. No statistically significant association existed between ABCB4 1583_1584G and the presence of GBM for all dogs combined or for Shetland Sheepdogs alone. In contrast to previously reported findings, the current study did not identify a strong association between ABCB4 1583_1584G and GBM in Shetland Sheepdogs or other breeds.


Dissertation in Economics to be publicly examined in Horsal 2, Uppsala University, on Thursday, March 6, 2003 at 10:15 am for the degree of doctor of philosophy. The examination will be conducted i ...


Keywords: analyse ; methodes : numeriques ; equations : lineaires ; calcul : integral ; equations : differentielles Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08


e17540 Background: Mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene type 1 and type 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) put women at a higher risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In individual carrying BRCA1 mutation has about 39-49% of the probability developing EOC in a lifetime. With BRCA2 mutations, the probability of developing EOC is about 11- 18 %. EOC patients with BRCA mutations shows an advanced histological grade compared to patients with BRCA wile type and respond better to platinum therapy, showing better survival. Patients with BRCA mutation shows better response to the platinum therapy, because in the absence of functional BRCA protein, cells fail to repair intra-strand crosslinks formed by DNA cross linking agents such as platinum drugs, leading to apoptotic cell death. However, despite the good response to platinum-based chemotherapy, EOC patients inevitably develop resistance to platinum drugs resulting in disease recurrent and is a major roadblock in a clinical management of cancer that carry BRCA mutation. Therefore, here we investigated the potential novel biomarkers with bioinformatics tools by analyzing an our own RNA sequencing. Methods: RNA sequencing data from 4 platinum sensitive BRCA mutated EOC patients and 4 Platinum resistance BRCA mutated EOC patients were analysed with various bioinformatic tools including Spatial Analysis of Functional Enrichment (SAFE) analysis, and the bioinformatic analysis result was verified with variuos ovarian cancer cell lines and public data. Results: Therefore, here we investigated the potential novel biomarkers with bioinformatics tools by analyzing an our own RNA sequencing data from 4 platinum sensitive BRCA mutated EOC patients and 4 Platinum resistance BRCA mutated EOC patients. The results of our study showed 308 total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 138 upregulated genes and 170 downregulated genes. By applying Spatial Analysis of Functional Enrichment (SAFE) analysis, we investigated that G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle, MAPK cascade, double strand break repair via homologous recombination were the enriched pathways with upregulation of PABPC1, DCAF13, RAD21, PACSIN3 and downregulation of GCG11, HECW2, PSMA1. Their altered expression was verified in ovarian cancer cell lines and public database which showed the significant altered expression of PACSIN3 was observed in ovarian cancer cell lines suggesting as a potential biomarker for EOC treatment. Conclusions: Platinum resistance BRCA mutation EOC is an important issue to overcome the low survival rate for EOC patients. However, until now, there was relatively not much studies in discovring the biomarker or candidate gene of target therapy. Therefore, here we suggest the PACSIN3 as a new candidate gene for target therapy in platinum resistance BRCA mutation EOC.


The invention discloses a universal posterior locking anatomic bone fracture plate for acetabulum. The universal posterior locking anatomic bone fracture plate comprises a right bone fracture plate, bolts and a guide sleeve, wherein the mirror structure of the right bone fracture plate is a left bone fracture plate. The right bone fracture plate is reversed at 0-9 degrees clockwise along the medial axis. The medial axis profile of the right bone fracture plate is an arc-shaped plane in smooth transition. The right bone fracture plate is sequentially divided into a first locking block, a first positioning block, a second locking block, a second positioning block and a third locking block from top to bottom and is provided with a first locking unit hole, a second locking unit hole and a third locking unit hole which form included angles with the surface of the right bone fracture plate at 0-25 degrees. The locking holes are provided with internal threads of the locking holes. The bolts and the guide sleeve are provided with adaptive internal threads. The universal posterior locking anatomic bone fracture plate disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the universal posterior locking anatomic bone fracture plate is optimal in structure, good in universality, good in structural stability, accordant with biomechanical characteristics, good in adhesion on the surface of acetabulum, efficient to use and low in surgical risk.


The CLIC project has imposed pre-alignment tolerances on the transversal and vertical positions of the components of 10 μm along a 200 m sliding window. This specification has led to the concept of overlapping stretched wires being used as pre-alignment references and as the basis of a metrological reference network. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept, the problem has been broken down in terms of the management of coordinate systems. This requires the systematic use of absolute calibrated sensors and CMM measured supports. In addition, a more reliable model of stretched wires has been developed. This paper describes the simulated and experimental results from the 140 m TT1 setup. INTRODUCTION Before the implementation of the beam based feedback, the components of the CLIC main linac must be pre-aligned according to 3σ tolerances on their transversal and vertical positions of 10 μm along a 200 m sliding window [1]. A pre-alignment strategy has been defined, from the geodetic measurement on the surface to the final positioning in the tunnel [4]. The metrological reference network (MRN) is designed to provide the parameters of the stretched wires modelings, according to which the CLIC components will be pre-aligned. Because of the tight error budget along 200 m, the MRN can be considered as the cornerstone of the pre-alignment strategy. This paper is going to present the conceptual design of the MRN. It has been split in three main steps: the sensors calibration, the metrology of the supports and the modelings of the sensors measurement references. As this system is now fully determined, it was possible to compute relevant Monte-Carlo simulations. COORDINATE SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN THE MRN The overlapping stretched wires is the main concept of the solution proposed by the CERN survey team for the pre-alignment feasibility [2]. But in order to fully determine this principle, it required the analysis of the metrological chain ensuring the overlap. This Compact Linear Collider Coordinates Measuring Machine Transfer Tunnel 1 part is going to describe it, as an introduction for the experimental and simulated results. Principle of the MRN The solution proposed by the previous R & D of the CERN survey team to fulfill the requirements consists of overlapping alignment references with redundancy [4] (see the figure 1). This principle is the basis of the MRN. In order to pre-align the CLIC components, the MRN defines the alignment references in a general coordinate system [4]. The geometrical linkage from the references to the components beam axis is ensured by the combination of the SPN [4] and of the fiducialization [4]. Alignment reference (~ 200 m)


Brand-following of consumers on social media constitutes an important return on investment (ROI) index in digital marketing. However, little is known to date regarding brand-following behaviors of young Chinese social media users on Chinese social media platforms, in addition to the factors associated with them. In this study, our in-depth interviews with 20 emerging adults who followed brands through WeChat indicated that materialistic values, brand-related peer communication, and parents' opinions regarding different product categories impact the brand-following behaviors of young consumers. The interviews also demonstrated that young people's brand-following affected their intentions to post brand-related messages that were pertinent to luxury brands. However, their purchase intentions were limited to the most affordable items from those luxury brands. In addition, they were less likely to repost brand information created and provided by marketers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed herein, and suggestions for future research provided. Perilaku Mengikuti Merek pada Pemuda Republik Rakyat Tiongkok Pengguna WeChat


We define a generalization of the fixed point set, called the bounded fixed set, for a group acting by isometries on a metric space. An analogue of the P. A. Smith theorem is proved for metric spaces of finite asymptotic dimension, which relates the coarse homology of the bounded fixed set to the coarse homology of the total space.


In this brief, we propose a Two-bits-cell based NAND-Like MRAM device. The structure is composed of several stacking cells sharing the same heavy metal and each cell is composed of two magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Every two stacking MTJs share the same transistor and the demand of three-terminal bit cell for two access transistors is eliminated due to the contribution of NAND-Like structure, thus the area overhead is greatly reduced. For data storage, two steps are required to avoid disturbance in the programming stage after erasing original data, twice as much as data could be stored in comparison with traditional NAND-Like MRAM under the same duration. Thanks to a toggle-like writing scheme adopted in our proposed writing operation, low power consumption, low latency in the programming stage and field-free switching are reached. Based on the Two-bits-cell of our proposed structure, we present a multifunctional sensing circuit which senses two bits data and implements both logic and add operations in memory, which shows a good potential to be applied to the in-memory computing systems.


The von Karman Institute with the support of the European Space Agency is studying since several years multiphase fluid hammer phenomena occurring during priming processes in propulsion systems. After having built and analyzed an experimental database on multiphase fluid hammer with liquids at room temperature such as water, ethanol and acetaldehyde (representative for storable propellants), a new test facility has been developed to extend the database to liquid nitrogen (representing cryogenic propellants). The fluid hammer is characterized experimentally though time-resolved pressure and temperature measurements at the impact location. An experimental feasibility study based on two different test conditions (i.e. two different back pressures in the line) has been done on this new facility. In parallel to this experimental work, a numerical investigation has been carried out with the 1D numerical code EcosimPro/ESPSS. The cryogenic fluid hammer facility has been modeled and the two test conditions have been simulated to evaluate the capability of the 1D code to reproduce the fluid hammer and the resulting multiphase phenomena.


temperature was 990 F., and the urine normal. Bacteriological examisIation confirmed the diagnosis of diphtheria. Treatment.-Two thousand units of antitoxin were injected, and tinct. digitalis (oTi) and tinot. ferri perchlor. (miij) directed to be given every lour hours. The child passed a quiet night and next morning (April ist) seemed -better. Onset of Hemiplegia.-At 3.30 p.m. that day he had a slight attack of coughing; no whoop was heard, but a convulsion occurred which for some minutes looked serious, then gradually subsided. Soon afterwards it was observed that the lower part of the right side of the face as also the right arm and leg were paralysed. The eyelids were now closed and resisted attempts to open them; the conjunctival reflexes were present; both eyes were turned to the left, and movements did not range beyond the middle line; the pupils were medium and reacted to light. The right angle of the mouth was not employed when the child attempted oral movements. The right arm hung limp and flaccid, the right leg was flexed, abducted, and rotated outwards ; the -patellar reflexes were with difficulty elicited and differed in no respect. There was hemianaesthesia of the right half of the body, with the exeeption of the right foot, and the upper part of the right half of the face. Laterln the day and during the night there were some twelve fits of varying intensity, lasting on an average from two to three minutes. These fits were Jacksonian in character and began with turno.ng, followed by rapid oscillations of the eyes to the right, next twitching about the right angle of the mouth, and ultimately convulsive movements of the whole body. As each attack passed off there was some coughing with expectoration, then the eyes were turned to the left and maintained there. On April 2nd right lateral hemianopsia was noted. The eyelids were now generally kept open. A number of apparently minor fits were observed,!affecting only the eyes, which were turned to the right and oscillated rapidly. There were several major fits during the day, and towards evening they became more frequent. Liquid nourishment was well borne, and there were no attacks of ,vomiting. Ammonium bromide in x-gr. doses was directed to be given every two hours or oftener if necessary. 4fter-history.-The fits recurred, though with gradually lessening frequency, until April 6th. The temperature was very erratic, at times reaching 1030 F., but never for long remaining at that height. The lungs were resonant, and the urine was invariably free from albumen. The diphtherial membrane disappeared three days after admission. On April 6th the child seemed very drowsy and much weaker. The breathing was rapid and shallow, and on April 7th was of the CheyneStokes type. The ammonium bromide was discontinued. On April 11th the patient seemed better. The coughing and expectoration were much diminished, but the Cheyne-Stokes breathing persisted. On the following day the paralysis of the right side of the face was no longer evident. The Cheyne-Stokes breathing was present at intervals until April 15th, after which date the child's condition steadily improved. By April 24th the hemianopsia had entirely disappeared; the right arm was at times moved from the elbow-joint, the right leg showed no signs of voluntary movement, and on feeding there was no indication of facial paralysis. Sensation had returned in both the right arm and leg; the right half of the trunk was less sensitive than the left. When the child was raised the helpless condition of the right arm and leg was very apparent. On May 3rd, thirty-three days after the onset of the hemiplegia, the child was, at the mother's request, taken home. The right leg now showed signs of returning power. The right arm was capable of voluntary movement only up to the elbow. Anaesthesia had quite disappeared. The mother informed me that prior to this illness the child could talk " wonderfully well "; on the day of discharge he could only utter an inarticulate cry. On June 7th, sixty-eight days from the date of attack, save for some weakness in the right arm, recovery was complete The child walked well, and the mother stated the power of speech was better than before the illness. REMARKS. That the hemiplegia was the result ofintracranial haemor-rbage will, I think, be readily admitted. Diphtheria had first been diagnosed six days before the onset of the hemiplegia, so that, even if we make allowance for the diphtheria bacilli having been present for a longer interval, the possibility of toxic net2ritis is excluded. Moreover the onset of symptoms of, and recovery from, the paralysis were characteriatic of a central and not of a peripheral affection. Whooping-cough had been present for six weeks; during that time the recurrent paroxysms of cough must have ex.posed the cerebral vessels to considerable strain, which had at length resulted in a rupture, with extravasation of blood. The right hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia, and hemianopsia, coupled with the Jacksonian character of the subsequent fits, served to show that the lesion was subdural, and that the blood clot extended over a considerable portion of the left cerebral hemisphere. The fate of this haemorrhagic effusion must remain a matter for theoretical speculation. It may have become absorbed, and the fact that the areas which were presumably pressed on by the periphery of the clot recovered first would seem to support this assumption; it may, however, have become encysted, with adaptation of the brain and skull to the presence of this unwelcome host, and thus have led to the altimate disappearance of the symptoms of compression and irritation. I regret that I was unable to follow up this case further. It is well known that such children may in time become the subjects of epilepsy, or that their intelligence may remain impaired. Although complete idiocy has been recorded more often there is only defective mental power or backwarAness.


A conjecture of Bratley and McKay, according to which odd amicable numbers should be divisible by three, is disproved by some counterexamples. 1. Even and Odd Amicable Numbers. Two natural numbers A and B are amicable if each of them is the sum of all proper divisors of the other. If A = B, they are called perfect numbers, otherwise they form an amicable pair. The first perfect numbers 6, 28, 496, 8128, and the smallest amicable pair 220, 284, were known to the Greek mathematicians. Two further amicable pairs were discovered by medieval Islamic mathematicians, and rediscovered by Fermat and Descartes. All of these were even numbers. In fact, they were found by the famous rules given by Euclid for perfect, resp. by Thabit ibn Kurrah for amicable numbers (see, e.g., [11, [51 for a survey of this subject), and so were even by construction. L. Euler was the first to study systematically the question whether or not, also odd numbers with these properties may be found. The existence of odd perfect numbers has remained a famous open problem in number theory, while the existence of odd amicable numbers was established by Euler. He described several methods to construct numerical examples, one of which is, for example, A =32 *7*13*5*17=69615, B =32 *7*13*107=87633. Since Euler's time, many more even and odd amicable pairs have been found and published: Hundreds of them before, and thousands after the employment of electronic computers in number theory. A superficial glance at the list of hitherto known odd amicable pairs illustrates the fact that the lack of two as a common factor has to be compensated by a sufficient amount of divisibility by the other small prime factors, like three, five, seven. In fact, all odd amicable pairs that we know [21, [61, [71, [81 actually contain some power of three as a common factor. With some familiarity with the various known methods to find odd amicable pairs, it soon becomes clear, that it is actually very hard to avoid three as a common factor. Paul Bratley and John McKay even conjectured that all odd amicable numbers must be divisible by three, see [31, and also R. Guy's book on open problems in number theory [4]. On the other hand, to avoid three is a priori not impossible, but it only leads to very large numbers in all calculations, which are difficult to deal with. Therefore, we made a systematic attempt to decide the question posed in the title of this note by a constructive search, or, in other words, to disprove the conjecture of Bratley and McKay by a counterexample. Received January 12, 1987; revised July 27, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 11A25. ? 1988 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/88 $1.00 + $.25 per page


The characteristics of the horizontal wind in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at King Sejong Station (KSS) in the Antarctic Peninsula are investigated using approximately 15‐year (March 2007–November 2021) meteor radar (MR) observations. The 15‐year climatology and variability of the MLT winds at KSS are analyzed for the first time, and comparisons with the observations at other Antarctic stations are performed. The short‐period oscillations (periods between 2 hr and 10 days) of the winds, including tides and several planetary wave components, are examined for each month. Temporal and altitudinal variations in the amplitudes of the semidiurnal and diurnal tides, the two largest short‐period components, are analyzed. Annual and semiannual oscillations of the wind are distinct below and above z = 90 km, respectively. The long‐term trend of the zonal wind is estimated through a multiple linear regression analysis. Statistically significant trends of the zonal wind of ∼0.5–0.8 m s−1 yr−1 appear above z = 90 km in July. To understand observed MLT wind trends, the gravity‐wave momentum flux and gravity‐wave drag (GWD) in the MLT region are estimated from the MR observations at KSS for the 15 years. Similar seasonal variations are found between the trends of the zonal winds and zonal GWDs, especially above z = 94 km. In July where a strong positive zonal wind trend appears, positive correlation between the zonal wind and zonal GWDs is found to be statistically significant above z = 94 km.


The deformity intersection that consists of five or more than five approaches is often difficult to optimize, as its conflict points include more than just the crossing. This paper introduces a method that reduces conflict points through improving channelization and signal timing based on existing traffic volume and organization. In addition, based on the method above, this paper introduces a complete optimized case. In the case, the authors applied VISSIM to a build simulation model and output evaluation index. The result indicates that this optimized program has a clear improvement on traveling times, queue length, and delays as compared to the current program. In conclusion, the optimized methods are acceptable and therefore can be applied to other optimized programs of deformity intersections.


The correlation between the excess phosphate and biomass of phytoplankton and species composition was studied by mesocosm experiments in the water of Changjiang River Estuary.After adding the phosphate,the biomass of phytoplankton increased exponentially and the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphate decreased exponentially until the fifth day.When the density of phytoplankton and the concentration of chlorophyll a reached the peak,the species diversity and evenness declined to the lowest.These two indexes were 0.008 and 0.003 respectively.The red tide of Skeletonema costatum was induced by adding phosphate.The growth rate of Skeletonema costatum and uptake rate on phosphate were estimated.


The difference in the pattern of immune response between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
aureus leads to different form of mastitis that they cause. A more hyper immune response by E.
coli results in clinical mastitis whereas a subdued response of S. aureus changes the outcome to
subclinical mastitis. The immune system of the animal recognises various antigens present in these
bacteria (such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid) which induce or suppress
the activity of major immune related genes resulting into the type of outcome the animal shows
which either help the animal to recover quickly or may even amplify the response in such a way
that causes discomfort or may even lead to death of the animal. This review reflects the importance
and role of immune related genes involved in the mechanism of protection of the animal against
two of the most common infectious bacterial agents, i.e., E. coli and S. aureus responsible for
inducing inflammatory response in the mammary gland.


This paper introduces an inscription which was newly discovered in Combas (Gard), a village located west of Nimes. After presenting the archaeological and epigraphic data about the Combas basin – data that will make it possible to understand the context of the discovery – we will analyse the monument and its inscription. This analysis will lead to a study of the onomastics in the whole territory of the city. This will allow us to better understand the process whereby the local population introduced Latin names and, at the same time, preserved the Celtic lexicon reworked by Latin use.


Important information on our changing climate can be found in Arctic precipitation. Measurements from the Parsivel Disdrometer OTT2 and the Micro Rain Radar over the Arctic location of Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, reveal the occurrence of many forms of rain and snowfall with various growth mechanisms. Based on a year's worth of data, we give some case studies of various precipitation types with their characteristics and the related synoptic conditions in this study. This study will also include a variety of atmospheric phenomena, such as bright band and Virga. The findings are helpful in determining how climate change may affect arctic precipitation.


Copyright law originated as a law designed to regulate the commerce of printing, not as a law designed to protect the interests of authors. The Statute of Anne changed this by vesting copyright with the author and thereby creating the possibility of pre-publication negotiations. Today that bargain is being broken. In our era of cloud-computing and Web 2.0, non-author intermediaries provide platforms that constitute the tools of authorship, the tools of publicity, and the tools of commercial distribution. Within this new ecosystem, we are seeing a return to the model of the Stationers' Company, where legal power over authorial production is vested in the hands of the owners of intermediary technologies. The future of digital copyright thus increasingly resembles a return to its early history, as authors play the legal role of vassals beholden to the lords of the platforms where they labor.


This paper presents the results of our research which aimed at identifying the representations of playfulness constructed by kindergarden educators in the municipal school of Jequie (Bahia, Brazil). It is a qualitative case-study. We used the social representations approach proposed by Moscovici (2003) and Jodelet (2001) which we believe important to the study of school practices. We had 6 female teachers as subjects and use autobiographical writing and half-structured interviews to collect data. The results show significant difference between the representations of 2 groups. In the first one, composed by 4 teachers, representations of playfulness reveal play as a diversion activity or as a pedagogical artifice; in the second group composed by 2 teachers, playfulness is perceived as an intern and extern experience of the subject, a potential agent of child development through discovery.


Pollen aperture type, shape, size, polar axis length, equatorial axis length, P/E ratio, colpus length, thickness of the sexine and nexine, S/N ratio, ornamentation type, and lumen shape and width were determined by using light and scanning electron microscope. A multivariate analysis was carried out using the Gover's general similarity coefficient and UPGMA based on 3 qualitative and 8 quantitative pollen characters for 43 taxa belonging to 30 genera and 19 tribes. In all of the taxa studied, the pollen grains were generally small or medium-sized, tricolpate, except in Matthiola longipetala, with an inconspicuous aperture. The shape varied from prolate-spheroidal to perprolate. The exine ornamentation was microreticulate, reticulate, or macroreticulate. In some species, reticulate ornamentation was found together with microreticulate, and in some others, with macroreticulate ornamentation. It was seen that some taxa belonging to some genera placed near each other in the dendogram partially supported some tribes, such as Brassiceae, Alysseae, Sisymbrieae, and Camelineae. It is notable that some closely-related tribes were placed near each other on the dendrogram, which partially supports some previous molecular studies. In addition to exine ornamentation, the pollen size, shape, sexine and nexine thickness, and colpus length were the most useful characters. These characteristics can be used to identify and distinguish some genera, species and partly tribes within the family. They also provide detailed information on the pollen grains of some Brassicaceae taxa, some of which were studied herein for the first time, and this knowledge will be useful for comparisons in future pollen studies.


The variation and correlations of nine mineral nutrient elements(P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn,B)of Rosa rugosa cv.Plena leaf at the flower bud differentiation stage were studied in seven growth periods.The results showed that the contents of elements P,K,Zn and Cu decreased at flower bud differentiation stage,while that of Ca increased after a sharp decrease before bud emerge,and the contents of elements Mg,Fe,Mn and B fluctuated frequently.Significant correlations existed between P and K,Zn,Cu;K and Fe,Zn,Cu;Fe and Mn;Zn and Cu.The contents of the nine mineral nutrient elements in the Rosa rugosa cv.Plena leaf at flower bud differentiation stage were CaKPMgFeMnBZnCu.


Dependence is undoubtedly a central concept in statistics. Though, it proves difficult to locate in the literature a formal definition which goes beyond the self-evident 'dependence = non-independence'. This absence has allowed the term 'dependence' and its declination to be used vaguely and indiscriminately for qualifying a variety of disparate notions, leading to numerous incongruities. For example, the classical Pearson's, Spearman's or Kendall's correlations are widely regarded as 'dependence measures' of major interest, in spite of returning 0 in some cases of deterministic relationships between the variables at play, evidently not measuring dependence at all. Arguing that research on such a fundamental topic would benefit from a slightly more rigid framework, this paper suggests a general definition of the dependence between two random variables defined on the same probability space. Natural enough for aligning with intuition, that definition is still sufficiently precise for allowing unequivocal identification of a 'universal' representation of the dependence structure of any bivariate distribution. Links between this representation and familiar concepts are highlighted, and ultimately, the idea of a dependence measure based on that universal representation is explored and shown to satisfy Renyi's postulates.


Reinforcement corrosion is one of the dominant cause of reinforced concrete structures deterioration induced by chloride ion penetration.The primary channels,source and existing forms of chloride ion penetrating into concrete is discussed.The chloride diffusion coefficient is coupled with many variables such as temperature variety,time of exposure,moisture content and the concrete internal condition.According to the Fick's second law,the chloride diffusion model accounts for the effects of all of the parameters in concrete is built up.The chloride surface concentration,threshold concentration and the effective chloride diffusion coefficient is analyzed,and the model that build up from here can be provided as the life span estimate reference usage.


In one embodiment, the mobile device in response to receiving a wireless communication link from the server to the CRM execution serialized via page definition, the page is rendered on the mobile device screen thereof. The serialized data and page definition comprises a first bound to a first command to the first data. The mobile device is configured to perform a first function invoked when a user first command. Invoked in response to a first user command, the mobile device performs a first function, wherein the first function is performed using the first data.


Abstract Over 70% of the cities in China are experiencing urbanization, and urban heat island intensity (UHII) evaluation studies have been widely performed. However, under the rapid economic development in China, few studies on surface urban heat island (SUHI) interannual variations have been conducted in coastal cities in the leading economic region of the Yangtze River Delta. In this study, the long-term summer daytime SUHI from 2001 to 2019 is studied based on the remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) in 11 coastal cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that notable SUHIs occur in the study area with high spatial heterogeneity, particularly in the central area, including Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Ningbo. The SUHI trends are not synchronous across the study area, with suburban areas revealing higher trends than city center areas. In addition, all 11 cities show an increasing trend of the urban heat proportion index (UHPI) over 19 years, which is more profound in Shanghai and Zhoushan but less profound in Lianyungang and Wenzhou. The strong correlation between the UHPI and artificial impervious coverage indicates that artificial impervious coverage plays an important role in determining the spatial and temporal distributions of the summer daytime SUHI in the 11 coastal cities, which are especially notable in Ningbo and Taizhou.


Recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between chemosensory and behavioural responses to phytochemicals come from a number of studies on ovipositional and food selection behaviour of flies, butterflies, moths and beetles. Establishing input‐output relationships has provided insight into the way in which the activity of chemoreceptors is translated into host‐plant selection behaviour. This was achieved for both the qualitative contrast acceptance/rejection and for quantifiable preference hierarchies. By now it is clear that the subtlety of coding the complex phytochemical profiles offered by potential host plants relies on across‐fibre patterns or ensemble‐firing of taste neurons. Progress along these lines depends on unravelling processing pathways in the central nervous system, still a largely unexplored area in herbivorous insects. Increased interest can be noted for the mechanisms operating during the most peripheral events of chemoreception: the interaction of phytochemical and chemoreceptor, determining the specificity of recognition. Evidence for 'peripheral integration' has accumulated. Deterrent receptors have an especially puzzling nature. Although such cells respond to a wide array of structurally diverse secondary plant metabolites, their sensitivity profile differs between closely related species. To what extent membrane‐bound receptor molecules are involved and what degree of specificity is conferred by these, is largely unknown. Sensitivity to a certain group or class of compounds is determined by single genes in several cases. This allows for a scenario in which single gene mutations affect stimulus‐receptor interactions, which might concurrently affect host‐plant selection behaviour.


CEDRIC BROWN HAS undoubtedly managed to scramble ~ aboard the gravy train, but he is still only a standing passenger in the second class. The chief executive though it should perhaps be chief executor of British Gas probably felt a surge of pride when the tethered sheep of the corporation's remuneration committee awarded him his £492,000 a year basic salary. Not bad, he might have said to himself, for an ordinary lad who started off as a pipe fitter or was it a meter reader? It may seem churlish to quibble about the magnitude of Cedric's achievement. But the truth is that he is still outside the


Ling Qi The First A liated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Peipei Huang The First A liated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Xiaoping Wang The First A liated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Shan Zhu The First A liated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Xiaomei Wang The First A liated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhen Su (  firstname.lastname@example.com ) The First A liated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University


Abstract : A standard study of the insecticidal action of the esters of dithiophosphoric acid was carried out on the rice weevil (Calandra oryzae L.). The preparations were tested in the form of water emulsions, with an alkyl-phenyl ether of heptaethyleneglycol as emulsifier. A standard number of insects were treated with the emulsion of each preparation, and the mortality was recorded for a period of three days. In this count, insects sickened by the poison were included half with the living and half with the dead insects.


To work out a curriculum that orients to foster well-rounded students with practical working ability,the paper elaborates the problems in curriculum design,the types and the numbers of the courses in the current curriculum for the foreign language majors in the universities and suggests principles to be followed in curriculum reform.Answering to the employment need of the students,the paper proposes a "5 plus 4 and 3" design as an attempt to offer an ideal curriculum model for independent college.


The current norms on the administration of temporalities demand a new openness and a mutual trust between those who administer Church property and those who donate temporal goods to the Church. The entire matter of regulating how donated goods are managed is the subject matter of canon 1276. Canon 392, §2 stipulates that the diocesan bishop has an obligation to ensure that abuses do not creep into the administration of ecclesiastical goods. The legislator recognizes the fact that if abuses creep into the administration of ecclesiastical goods this will damage the credibility of the Church. The transparency and accountability of administrators are vital to sustaining this credibility. How is the diocesan bishop to ensure this transparency and accountability? The specific way of achieving this is the subject matter of our dissertation. In order to achieve this goal the dissertation was divided into four chapters. The first chapter examined the power of the diocesan bishop with regard to caring for ecclesiastical goods. The second chapter studied the roles of those who administer ecclesiastical goods. The third chapter examined the very nature of the special instructions that the diocesan bishop is expected to issue for administrators, while the fourth chapter considered the contents of this special instructions. Ecclesiastical goods assist the Church in fulfilling its mission. There is a correlation between ecclesiastical goods and the mission of the Church. Therefore, the mission of the Church is the same as the reasons why a public juridic person own goods. The same concern and due diligence that is shown to ensure that abuses do not creep into the proper celebration of the sacraments is to be shown to ensure the proper administration of ecclesiastical goods (c. 392, §2); We strongly hold that the obligation to issue special instructions for administrators of ecclesiastical goods is one of the major functions of a diocesan bishop, a function that he must consider as part of the mission which has been entrusted to him to fulfill. The special instructions serve as a canonical proactive measure to forestall possible financial malfeasance within the Church. If the Church is to avoid expending its energy and ecclesiastical resources in solving financial crisis in the future, the diocesan instruction for administrators of ecclesiastical goods should be a must for all dioceses. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .vi ABBREVIATIONS :. .vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1 — T H E POWER OF T H E DIOCESAN BISHOP IN CARING FOR ECCLESIASTICAL GOODS Introduction 9 1.1 — General Conception of Power in the Church 12 1.1.1 —The Bipartite Division of Power: Order and Jurisdiction 14 1.1.2 — The Tripartite Division: Orders, Jurisdiction and Magisterium .19 1.1.3 — The Nature of Power of the Residential Bishop in the 1917 Code of Canon Law 20 1.1.4 — The Nature of the Power of the Diocesan Bishop according to the Second Vatican Council 26 1.2 The Nature of Power of the Diocesan Bishop in the 1983 Code of Canon Law 30 1.2.1 — The Legislative Power of the Diocesan Bishop 35 1.2.2 — The Executive Power of the Diocesan Bishop 37 1.2.3 — The Judicial Power of the Diocesan Bishop 39 1.2.4 The Administrative Power of the Diocesan Bishop .40 1.3 — The Meaning of Ecclesiastical Goods .46 1.4 —The Ownership of Ecclesiastical Goods 50 1.5 —Juridic Persons in the 1983 Code of Canon Law 56 1.5.1 Public Juridic Persons 60 1.5.2 Private Juridic Persons 64 1.6 Categories of Ecclesiastical Goods 66 1.6.1 — Stable Patrimony 67 1.6.2 — Non-Stable Patrimony 69 1.7 — Ecclesiastical Goods and Mission of the Church 70 1.8 — The Exercise of the Power of the Diocesan Bishop in Caring for Ecclesiastical Goods .75 1.8.1 — The Exercise of the Legislative Power of the Diocesan Bishop in Caring for Ecclesiastical Goods .78 1.8.2 — The Exercise of the Executive Power of the Diocesan Bishop in Caring for Ecclesiastical Goods SO 1.8.3 The Exercise of the Judicial Power of the Diocesan Bishop in Caring for Ecclesiastical Goods 82 1.8.4 The Exercise of the Aclministrative Power of the Diocesan Bishop in Caring for Ecclesiastical Goods 84 Conclusion 85


The Keck Interferometer combines the two 10 m Keck telescopes as a long baseline interferometer. It is funded by NASA as a joint development among the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. In February 2008, the 10 um nulling mode began a 32 night observing program with three key science teams to perform a survey of nearby stars for exozodiacal dust. This program has recently concluded, and has been followed by nuller observing on a variety of science topics through the standard proposal process. We provide a review and update of the nuller implementation, and describe the data reduction process, including the calibration approach. We then review the technical performance of the instrument based on the full key science data set, including sensitivity and systematic errors. We also provide some summary data on atmospheric effects applicable to the cophasing approach.