We examined the postural adjustments and microhabitat shifts of 6 diurnal tenebrionid beetle species (Tenebrionidae: Adesmiinae) in the Namib Desert under a wide range of environmental conditions. Microhabitat shifts were far more important than postural adjustments for controlling body temperature. Use of standard operative temperature models revealed that 2 species, Physadesmia globosa (Haag) and Onymacris rugatipennis (Haag), maintain the lowest possible body temperatures in the heat of the day by behavioral thermoregulation. Burying behavior frequently occurs at high body temperatures in most species in the heat of the day and may cause a significant reduction in body temperature. However, beetles may prefer to remain surface-active and avoid high temperatures on the substrate by climbing bushes to feed there. Most postural adjustments resulted in no net or a slight positive change in body temperature at high body temperatures. There was no common posture adopted by all species in the same temperature range. Contrary to theory and empirical data for other insect species, we found little evidence that these beetles stilted (elevated the body above the substrate) in order to enhance cooling at high body temperatures.


This paper expounds the concept and system composition principle of data communication,introduces the basic principles,advantages and disadvantages of data switching mode and the classification and applicable occasions of data communication network,and points out that future communication network will be a digitalized,integrated and intellectualized information superhighway connecting with mass information resources.


The paper presentsa methodfor analyzed.Moreovera newtestmethodforobtaining all identifying theparametersof a newmodelofinduction theparametersisproposed. motor.Thismodelhastworotorloopsinorderto take Themodelisableto representinduction motors intoaccountthe deep-bareffectand a non-linear whensaturation occursat eitherhighor lowcurrent leakagereactancewhichrepresentsmagneticsaturation values.It can be used not onlyfor calculating effect.These phenomenacannot be neglectedwhen startingcharacteristics but also for performance inductionmotor dynamiccharacteristics have to be evaluation inthenormalrangefromone-quarter to one evaluated. The test method is simple and andone-quartertimesthefullload.Obviously, inthe non-iterative. Only two locked-rotor testsat rated last case the non-linearreactance may be assumed currentanddifferent frequency arerequired to derive equalto zero and a single rotor loopmay eventually the parametersof the two rotor loops.A further be derivedfromtheparallel of thetwo rotor loopsin locked-rotortest at a suitablecurrent valueis orderto reducethecomputational efforts. necessary to determinethe non-linearleakage The test methodgivesall themodelparameters reactanceof themodel. following a simpleandnon-iterative procedure. Only two locked-rotor testsat ratedcurrentanddifferent frequencyare requiredto derivethe two rotorloop


The article focuses on the reaction of union leaders toward job enrichment and motivation programs. The study presented attempts to examine the attitudes of union members to the use of job enrichment as a possible collective bargaining issue. According to the author, this study differs from earlier works in a number of ways, including its request that union members allocate the percentages of time that representatives will spend for traditional negotiation issues as well as issues surrounding job enrichment.


The Brazilian housing deficit is a problem that has been faced for a long time. In existing housing programs, one usually opts for traditional building systems. These are mostly implemented due to the vast knowledge of their construction techniques, and the productive culture of the country is focused on them. Added to this is the scarcity of industrialized labor, as innovative systems have been gradually inserted in the construction industry. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the industrialized systems currently adopted for Social Interest Housing (HIS), making a feasibility analysis of the container system for this purpose. The State of Espirito Santo was the spatial cut made for this analysis, where it was found the presence of three industrialized building systems for HIS: Concrete-PVC System, Integrated Structure in Metallic Structure and Mobile Steel System. Primarily, the use of containers modules discarded by the nautical market is sought, seeking an option that generates less waste than traditional construction. Containers have the potential to add to existing innovative systems, standing out for their sustainability, recyclability, modularity and fast delivery. Therefore, its use is conducive to HIS, including its strength and durability properties, as well as overlapping and continuous construction possibilities.


SSO(Sub-Synchronous Oscillation) is studied by TLS-ESPRIT(Total Least Squares-Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique) algorithm.By setting the generator mechanical damping coefficient to zero,and based on the data matrix formed with the angular velocity difference in time-domain,the TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is used to identify every oscillation mode frequency and its corresponding attenuation coefficient in high resolution, which is compared with the site modal damping to judge the stability of SSO.It judges properly the stability of SSO without the damping coefficients of spring-mass model and is suitable for multi-machine power system analysis.A scheme of SEDC(Supplementary Excitation Damping Controller) is further designed based on TLS-ESPRIT.As an example,detail parameters of SEDC are designed for the IEEE second benchmark system.Simulative results show that the designed SEDC mitigates the SSO effectively.


Induction motors are ever-present in various commercial and industrial processes owing to their high-power capacity, dependability, and low manufacturing costs. However, during their operation their susceptible to heat, mechanical stress, electrical stress, and corrosion. These stresses do not affect the operation of induction motor, however, in a long run it may develop into a major fault which can cause additional maintenance costs and unscheduled downtime, resulting in overall production loss, high financial loss, and sometimes serious human injuries. This work investigates the performance of an induction motor based on various faults conditions. A MATLAB/Simulink platform is used to develop an induction motor model. The performance of induction motor is evaluated on the three-phase line connected to it since implementing a fault in a line affects the performance induction motor. The faults that were tested were no fault condition and faults between AB, AC, BC, AG, CG, BG as well as ABCG. Training dataset was extracted from the sinusoidal waveforms of this various fault conditions. The data is given to the classification learner app in MATLAB for learning. Furthermore, this data set imported to workspace for the training purposes in the classification learner app. Different SVM learning algorithms are trained to deduce the highest learning algorithm in prediction time. The highest SVM learning algorithm according to the results is cubic and Fine Gaussian SVM learning algorithms which shows 100% accuracy on prediction time. The confusion matrix is then used to compare the true predicted and the false predicted classes.


This paper gives a survey of wave dynamics in the Kerr space-time geometry, the mathematical model of a rotating black hole in equilibrium. After a brief introduction to the Kerr metric, we review the separability properties of linear wave equations for fields of general spin $s=0, 1/2, 1, 2$, corresponding to scalar, Dirac, electromagnetic fields and linearized gravitational waves. We give results on the long-time dynamics of Dirac and scalar waves, including decay rates for massive Dirac fields. For scalar waves, we give a rigorous treatment of superradiance and describe rigorously a mechanism of energy extraction from a rotating black hole. Finally, we discuss the open problem of linear stability of the Kerr metric and present partial results.


The concept of medievalism contains within it an element of the imaginative, and many early nineteenth-century musical and artistic works that draw on the medievalist aesthetic have a fanciful, storytelling quality. The early nineteenth century, however, was also a time in which music and music-related scholarship and criticism on the era that is now considered medieval developed at an accelerating pace. This essay will consider the writings of three scholar-critics who had different approaches and goals in their thinking about this period: Raphael Georg Kiesewetter, Anton Justus Thibaut, and Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen.


) ABSTRACT: Dmitrie (cid:1) Microwa (cid:1) e Opt Technol Lett 27 2000 ] 201 (cid:2) 203 recently contended that the so-called Post constraint holds only for reciprocal and spatiotemporally local media. Ha (cid:1) ing pro (cid:1) ided general proofs earlier, we point out that the Post constraint thus is not restricted, but applies to all linear media (cid:4) whether spatiotemporally local or nonlocal, spatiotemporally homogeneous or nonhomogeneous, and reciprocal or nonreciprocal. (cid:1) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 363, 2001.


Second volume of four Witness Seminar transcripts of meetings held between 1996 and 1997: 'Making the human body transparent: the impact of nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging' (Tansey E M, Christie D A, eds); 'Research in general practice' (Tansey E M, Reynolds L A, eds); 'Drugs in psychiatric practice' (Tansey E M, Christie D A, eds); 'The MRC Common Cold Unit (Tansey E M, Reynolds L A, eds). Introduction by E M Tansey, iv, 282pp, including subject and name index.


The present invention discloses an optical line terminal (optical line terminal, OLT) of a passive optical network components (passive optical network, PON) means for coupling the optical network unit OLT (optical network unit, ONU), and a downlink transmission wavelength identifier to indicate to the ONU corresponding to the ONU, wherein, the downlink wavelength is identified by an embedded channel, a control channel message, or a data channel, a media access control (media access control, MAC) layer frame for transmission. The present invention also discloses an apparatus comprising a PON ONU assembly, for coupling the OLT ONU, and transmits uplink wavelength feedback to indicate the OLT to the ONU corresponding wavelength, wherein the uplink feedback wavelength by a embedded channel, a control channel message, or a data channel for transmission of the MAC layer frame.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of an arm training programme combining repetition of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral tasks for people in the subacute phase after stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient functional rehabilitation unit. Subjects: Forty-one people who had had a stroke, in the subacute phase, receiving conventional arm occupational and physical therapy, were randomized to an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=21). Interventions: In addition to the usual arm therapy in the rehabilitation unit, the experimental group received an arm therapy programme (15-20 45-min sessions) based on repetition of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral tasks. The control group received additional usual arm therapy of a similar duration and frequency to the experimental treatment. Main measures: The effect of the programme was judged on the basis of: (1) arm impairments (motor function, grip strength, gross and fine manual dexterity and motor co-ordination), (2) arm disabilities in tasks related to daily activities, and (3) functional independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). Results: Although both experimental and control groups of participants improved similarly during the study period, the statistical analyses did not show any difference between the groups at the end of the treatment for the different dependent variables evaluated: (1) arm impairments: p=0.43-0.79; (2) arm disabilities: p=0.16-0.90; and (3) functional independence: p=0.63 and 0.90. Conclusions: An arm training programme based on repetition of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral practice did not reduce impairment and disabilities nor improve functional outcomes in the subacute phase after stroke more than the usual therapy.


Interactionist sociology has, in different waves, emphasised the importance of locating the social actor and action in their physical, spatial, and, more recently, mobile world. This chapter traces something of that tradition, from its roots in phenomenological and pragmatist philosophy, to more recent empirical research. It outlines three general treatments of space and mobility in Interactionist work: interactions and relations as taking place within space, the relationship of space and social settings to the Self and social organisation, and, finally, work that aims to describe space as accomplished and managed in motion. The chapter aims to demonstrate how:


ANDREWS, JULIA F., Traditional Painting in New China: Guohua and the Anti-Rightist 555 Campaign COHEN, MYRON L., Lineage Organization in North China 509 CROIZIER, RALPH, Art and Society in Modern China—A Review Article 587 ESHERICK, J O S E P H w. , and JEFFREY N . WASSERSTROM, Acting Out Democracy: Political 835 Theater in Modern China FITZGERALD, JOHN, The Misconceived Revolution: State and Society in China's Nationalist 323 Revolution, 1923-26 LAVELY, WILLIAM, JAMES LEE, and W A N G FENG, Chinese Demography: The State of the 807 Field N E E , VICTOR, and su SIJIN, Institutional Change and Economic Growth in China: The View 3 from the Villages


Spatial-temporal dynamics of spittlebug populations, together with transmission biology, are of major importance to outline the disease epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) subsp. pauca in Apulian olive groves. The spread rate of Xf is mainly influenced by (i) the pathogen colonization of the host plant; (ii) the acquisition of the pathogen by the vector from an infected plant, and its inoculation to healthy plants; (iii) the vector population dynamics and abundance at different spatial scales; (iv) the dispersal of the vector. In this contribution we summarize the recent advances in research on insect vectors' traits - points (ii), (iii), (iv) - focusing on those most relevant to Xf epidemic in Apulia. Among the vectors' bioecological traits influencing Xf epidemic on olive trees, we emphasize: natural infectivity and transmission efficiency, phenological timing of both nymphal and adult stage, the role of semi-natural vegetation as vectors' reservoir in the agroecosystem and landscape, preferential and directional dispersal capabilities. Despite the research on Xf vectors carried out in Europe in the last decade, key uncertainties on insect vectors remain, hampering a thorough understanding of pathogen epidemiology and the development of effective and targeted management strategies. Our goal is to provide a structured and contextualized review of knowledge on Xf vectors' key traits in Apulian epidemic, highlighting information gaps and stimulating novel research pathways on Xf pathosystems in Europe.


[1] A strong upwelling off the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea (SCS) in 1998 summer is reinvestigated using a suite of new satellite measurements and numerical modeling. Previous studies indicate that the upwelling in the western SCS, especially off the Vietnam coast, almost disappears during 1998 summer following the El Nino because of the weakened southwest monsoon. This study identifies that the coastal upwelling in the adjacent northern SCS (NSCS) is significantly strengthened during 1998 summer, and the alongshore wind stress is dramatically enhanced over the region. As a result, the offshore Ekman transport in 1998 summer is the strongest, almost twice the average of the other 17 years during 1997–2007. The Chl a concentrations in the representative upwelling regions are much higher than any in other years. Further analysis suggests that two adjacent basin-scale upwellings in the SCS have different responses and maintaining mechanisms because of the anticyclonic atmospheric circulation anomaly over the SCS and northwest Pacific. The northern flank of the atmospheric circulation anomaly intensifies the monsoonal winds off the NSCS coast, while the southern flank suppresses the southwesterly winds along the Vietnam coast.


Bioactive hydroxystilbinoid−trans-resveratrol [(E)-3,5,4ʹtrihydroxy stilbene, 1] has been synthesized by modified Julia olefination method. The reaction between corresponding carbanion of benzothiazol-2-yl sulfone derivative and p-anisaldehyde dimethyl acetal with sodium hydride as a base, affords mainly cis-3,5,4ʹtrimethoxystilbene 10b with minor quantity of trans-isomer. Both the isomers have been separated in pure form and confirmed by their NMR spectral data. Demethylation of cis-3,5,4ʹtrimethoxystilbene either with AlCl3/pyridine or AlCl3/triethylamine results in the formation of trans-resveratrol.


The present invention discloses a preparation process of woven nano carbon fiber macro particle containing high activity nickel catalyst for industrial application. The preparation process includes the following steps: preparing nitrate solution with Ni, Cu and Al ions of 0.4-1 M concentration; heating the solution to 55-65 deg.c and dropping 1 M concentration Na2CO3 solution; filtering and washing the precipitate with deionized water in 55-65 deg.c for 2-8 times; drying the precipitate at 120 deg.c for 5 hr; crushing the precipitate, incinerating at 350-550 deg.c and reduction in reactor; introducing methane for reaction at 450-750 deg.c. The particle thus obtained has high mechanical strength, high conducting capacity and excellent antioxidant ability.


It was announced by Chinese government at the Copenhagen Conference that there would be 40-45% mitigation of the 2005 level intensity of carbon by 2020. Every industry in China is preparing to realize this national reduction target. A lot of work have been tried to achieve low-carbon development in different industries, but relatively little work has linked lowcarbon development to municipal solid waste management(MSWM). This article focuses on how to develop low-carbon MSWM using a quantitative approach. Firstly, the MSWM system including some mutual influence factors is investigated and some historical data are given in support for the research of their quantitative relationship. Secondly, a differential dynamic system model with fuzzy coefficients is proposed to predict waste amount, disposal cost, energy consumption and carbon intensity. Finally, an application to Chengdu in southwestern China, as a representative of a developed city, is presented to show the trend of MSWM in a low-carbon economy and prove the effectiveness of the proposed model.


The immortal phenotype of cancer cells is a significant trait, and in the vast majority of malignancies, the enzyme telomerase is essential for sustaining the cancer cells' limitless capacity for replication. The absence of telomerase expression and the lack of an immortal phenotype in normal adult tissues suggest that telomerase is a prospective therapeutic target for the treatment of a variety of tumor forms. At every cell division, telomeres will shrink if telomerase is not active. Apoptosis, cell senescence, and chromosomal instability are initiated when the telomeres become critically short. Telomeres are stabilized in the majority of rapidly expanding cancers by reactivating telomerase. In numerous tumor forms, it has been demonstrated that telomerase inhibition inhibits the development of cancer cells. Telomerase inhibitors have been discovered over the past 10 years as a result of substantial basic research into the mechanisms regulating telomeres, which may offer a potent, nearly universal cancer treatment approach. A short-chain oligonucleotide called imetelstat (GRN163L, Geron Corporation) has a high affinity and specificity for the RNA component of telomerase's template region (hTR or hTERC). Researchers conduct an examination of articles that are in accordance with the issue to be studied. Articles used in literature review are obtained through the database of international journal providers through PubMed, we investigated clinical studies and discussed what happened in these clinical studies and the extent of the effectiveness of imetelstat in treatment of cancer. Articles proved that imetelstat could enhance cancer treatment. Articles proved that Imetelstat is promising therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. In this review, we suggest that formulating and following treatment, Further studies are needed to determine the related mechanisms to enhance Imetelstat efficacy.


We propose an acoustic-phonetic structure model of the Arabic language using a single ergodic hidden Markov model (HMM), since a single HMM (about 40-50 states) can be used to represent all acoustic phonetic effects. We represent the techniques and algorithms used to perform that model, the problems associated with representing the whole acoustic-phonetic structure, the characteristics of the model, and how it performs as a phonetic decoder for recognition of fluent Arabic speech. The model is trained, segmented (manually and automatically), and labeled using a fixed number of phonemes, each of which has a direct correspondence to the states of the model. The model assumes that the observed spectral vectors were generated by a Gaussian source. The inherent variability of each phoneme is modeled as the observable random process of the Markov chain, while the phonotactic model of the unobservable phonetic sequence is represented by the state transition matrix of the HMM. The model incorporated the variable duration feature densities in each state to account for the fact that vowel-like sounds have vastly different duration characteristics than consonant-like sounds. It is shown that the difficulties in developing an acoustic-phonetic model are not due to the inherent deficiencies of the concept presented. Instead they are due to the choice of the phonemes to be modeled, the selected parametrization of the data, and appropriate choice of the variant of the ergodic HMM. The model used for the recognition experiments is clearly not complete, but it adequately performs phonetic transcription of the unknown utterances, thereby serving as the initial step towards continuous speech recognition.


At radio frequencies, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) clearance of aircraft by practical measurement is expensive and becomes a more lengthy process as further electrical and electronic equipment is installed. A means of producing a reduced set of experimental tests is therefore attractive. Complementing such testing by numerical modelling is potentially a useful way of effecting this provided that sufficient confidence is first established and an indication of the likely magnitude of any differences between calculation and measurement is known and the causes understood. The establishment of confidence in numerical techniques would also be valuable at the design stage by virtue of the physical insight which can be generated by numerical experiments. This use in support of synthesizing a new design is important because restrospective treatment of EMC problems has always been expensive. The article outlines some comparisons between calculation and measurement made in the initial stages of a programme aimed at assessing the applicability of numerical modelling as a supplement to measurement for aircraft EMC clearance purposes.


: Agriculture 4.0 creates a challenge for agricultural and forest enterprises in the form of changes in the processes and strategies set up to now. The ability for flexibility, personal development, and further education will be critical in transforming agriculture and forestry organisations. The transition to Agriculture 4.0 will also affect the need for human resource management in terms of their need and competence structure. This work aims to identify a group of employees in the environment of the Slovak Republic's agricultural and forest enterprises with the prerequisites to acquire additional work competencies and the interest to develop flexibly. The mentioned group of employees, understood as progressive, will be examined from the point of view of motivational preferences and the level of satisfaction with them. The presented outputs follow searching the sample unit of 2 193 employees in agriculture and forestry organisations. Based on inferential statistics, it was confirmed that the progressive group of employees is identifiable in terms of their education and, compared to other groups, has a significantly higher perception of the importance of motivation factors with the highest difference in the case of factors related to career aspiration and social needs.


Low-carbon economy is a global hot topic concerned by the globy in recent years.It is also a top priority in current industrial structure adjustment and upgrading.In this paper we discuss this issue by making a holistic analysis of the status quo of and the outlook of the development and put forward the principles of being systematic,scientific and synthetic to achieve success in in-depth development.Finally,six factors in development of low-carbon economy have been studied and identified according to their weightiness.


Si:C layers under non-doped-Si epitaxial channel (Epi-channel) produces steep channel profile for 25 nm-LG nMOSFET. Si:C layers work as the dopant-diffusion-barriers from the boron doped regions. Moreover, retrograde Halo profiles are also realized in this structure. Steep channel profiles at scaled device are confirmed, and the benefits of its profile at LG of 25 nm are discussed.


a challenge to the social order. This is the spirit that built American unions. But labor's goals are still in the future. With all the softening of the labor-management conflict, with all the vast and complicated machinery set up in recent years for handling labor disputes, even with the better understanding that prevails in more enlightened business circles, labor is still constrained to keep its powder dry. Nevertheless, many leading representatives of business unions have permitted themselves the luxury of an optimistic outlook completely at variance with the apprehensions and anxieties


PBL had been practiced in undergraduate of 1999,2000,2001,2002,2003 who studied in college of stomatology.The object was to explore the validity and feasibility of the cultivation of clinical back-thinking ability by PBL.By practicing PBL,we believed it was not only to cultivate the clinical back-thinking ability,but also to cultivate and train the lifetime study ability.


When speaking about proton therapy (PT), we typically walk between two lines. On the one hand we have a well-established radiotherapy modality representing a standard method for demanding entities like chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the base of skull and spine as well as uveal melanomas over the last 70 years already. More recently, also childhood cancer was understood to be an important target of PT. On the other hand, we have to acknowledge that there are still significant technical developments in progress to achieve the same standards in image guidance and robustness as are established in photon therapy for quite some time already. Therefore, the drive for further research but also controversies are typically arising either from the quest of getting PT into a broader clinical use for other (and more common) entities or from the ambition to successfully promote further technical progress. This present issue is truly reflecting the current status of proton therapy. It highlights the fact that the clinical role of PT in entities other than chordomas and eye tumours is definitely increasing. Still, this issue also clearly illustrates that physicists are still busy working on optimizing the technical aspects of proton beam therapy in areas like moving targets, robustness and range verification. The Research Topic covers in total 11 articles on PT reflecting technical, biological and clinical questions. Any broader use of PT will be based on fundamental technical developments, helping to overcome current restrictions and addressing the challenges of a greater extent of uncertainties and the vulnerability of the static dose plan due to range uncertainties or to intrafractional interplay effects. If the superior physical characteristics of PT are supposed to lead to further clinical advantage, efficient control of uncertainties and better understanding of potential plan degradation have to be achieved. It is therefore conclusive that two studies within this Research Topic are focussing on lung tumours being the most challenging targets for proton beam therapy. Wei et al. present an analysis of methods for mitigating interplay effects. Their retrospective study is focussing on the most modern proton modality, spot scanning proton beam therapy (i.e. pencil beam scanning [PBS]). Here it was used to deliver stereotactic body radiotherapy with repainting after robust 4-D optimization as a strategy to overcome uncertainties resulting from respiratory motion. Another strategy to safely treat lung tumours by using particle radiation therapy (PRT) is presented by Emert et al., investigatingmotion-mitigation either by enhanced deep-inspiration breath hold (eDIBH) or


The distributed services from different domains, organizations, and regions in the real and virtual world are converged together to form the Internet of Services (IoS). It is required to provide a trusted, orderly and efficient platform environment for service collaboration and delivery. Blockchain is currently recognized as the best practice technique to solve the problem of orderly and trusted execution of system. However, the efficiency issue introduced by it is also a problem that every platform needs to take seriously. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based IoS architecture, which uses the virtual chain and the embedded EVM(Ethereum Virtual Machine) notary technology to ensure the security and credibility of the service collaboration process in the IoS, and also the efficient operation of the entire system. This architecture has been compared with non-blockchain architecture without credible guarantees and also blockchain-only architecture. This comparative experiment shows that the proposed architecture not only ensures the orderly and trusted execution of the system, but also effectively controls the loss of performance.


Using system object-oriented programming language Visual C + + 6.0 or later,comprehensive application of principles of grassland ecology,GIS theory,computer software technology,we designed and developed geographic information systems on suitable artificial grassland areas of Three Rivers District,by solved the key scientific technical issues that integrate application of spatial data and attribute data of multi-layer in Three Rivers area.3S technology for the Grassland in Qinghai further application of science and technology foundation was provided.


Horror fiction, much like other "popular" genres, has many a stigma attached to its creation and enjoyment. Both experiences are considered by a number of literary critics to be less complex than that of literary fiction and, as a result, less rewarding for readers. These critics cite the repeated use of particular tropes in several works across a single genre, crediting works that introduce elements strongly associated with other genres with "transcending" their popular origins. This thesis, which is composed of both a practical and critical component, argues that such tropes do not preclude a work of genre fiction reaching the same levels of depth and originality as literary fiction, and that in fact it is the subversion of familiar tropes and their synthesis with tropes of other genres which can create opportunities for readers to alter their expectations of what each genre can achieve.

The practical portion of this thesis, the novel Janus, is intended as an example of the synthesis of horror and literary fiction, including elements of sci-fi and weird fiction as well. My goals for this novel include the exploration of such themes as monstrosity, evil, love, fear, and identity through the use of a split-perspective narrative set in both the past and present. The portion of this thesis that is critical commentary will examine aspects of genre theory with respect to the horror and literary genres using Stephen King's The Shining and Toni Morrison's Beloved as representative of work that adheres to certain generic tropes while subverting others, with which tropes are kept to, which are reshaped, as well as the genre each novel is ultimately confined to, being predominantly dependent upon each novel's respective goals concerning the reader.


IT IS A PRIVILEGE to address this Congress, a group which has unique responsibilities for assuring that this nation has enough physicians. At this point in time, the general topic of these meetings— The Influences of Extramural Financial Support on Medical Schools —is directly linked to the matter which I wish to discuss—the future financing of medical schools. Both of these matters are extremely complex, and in detail they can be dealt with only by professional experts. But when they are examined in terms of broad national needs and goals, the essentials of the problem for the ordinary citizen and for the legislator are clear. I should like to make clear what are to me the most important of these needs and goals. Unless there is reasonable agreement on these fundamentals, there can be little profitable discussion of means of attaining the goals. Need for Physicians First of all, this


Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and muscle growth and function specially during rapid growth periods in infancy and adolescent. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. Objectives: To study serum vitamin D level among school children in urban and rural areas of Manipur and to determine the correlation between vitamin D and selected variables of interest like sex, habitation with reference to diet and social habits. Material and methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Physiology, RIMS and from selected schools of urban and rural districts of Manipur. Serum vitamin D was analyzed by using Automated Microplate ELISA Reader and analyzed by using SPSS version 21(IBM). Result: Out of 205 students, status of vitamin D revealed normal 53(67.9%) males & 43(33.9%) female, insufficiency 9(11.5%) males & 38(22.8%) females and deficiency 16(20.5%) males & 55(43.3%) females. Differences in the levels of vitamin D between males and females and between urban and rural are found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study 46.8% student were having normal 25-OH(D) level. There is significant difference in 25-OH(D) level between gender, and between urban and rural areas in the study.


Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine‐synthesizing enzyme and a definitive marker for cholinergic neurons, was localized immunocytochemically in the motor and somatic sensory regions of rat cerebral cortex with monoclonal antibodies. ChAT‐positive (ChAT+) varicose fibers and terminal‐like structures were distributed in a loose network throughout the cortex. Some immunoreactive cortical fibers were continuous with those in the white matter underlying the cortex, and many of these fibers presumably originated from subcortical cholinergic neurons. ChAT+ fibers appeared to be rather evenly distributed throughout all layers of the motor cortex, but a subtle laminar pattern was evident in the somatic sensory cortex, where lower concentrations of fibers in layer IV contrasted with higher concentrations in layer V. Electron microscopy demonstrated that immunoreaction product was concentrated in synaptic vesicle‐filled profiles and that many of these structures formed synaptic contacts. ChAT+ synapses were present in all cortical layers, and the majority were of the symmetric type, although a few asymmetric ones were also observed. The most common postsynaptic elements were small to medium‐sized dendritic shafts of unidentified origin. In addition, ChAT + terminals formed synaptic contacts with apical and, probably, basilar dendrites of pyramidal neurons, as well as with the somata of ChAT‐negative nonpyramidal neurons.


With the rapid advancement of technology in the current era, mobile and wearable devices have attracted the attention of end users. Smartwatches available in the market have embedded movement sensors whose potential applications have not been explored to a great extent. This study proposes a gesture recognition module using a smart sensor Metawear which can potentially be used to control various functions of a media player. Inertial sensors data from 9 subjects for 12 different gestures (3 trials for each gesture) are acquired. Fifteen different features are extracted from the acquired data. Wrapper method for feature selection is applied on the extracted features which select features from six features groups among the fifteen extracted feature groups. Classification of gestures is performed using three different classifiers i.e., random forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB) and k-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm. The best classification accuracy of 85.80% is achieved by using a fusion of features extracted from accelerometer and gyroscope data by kNN classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes in literature in terms of classification accuracy for the larger number of gestures.


The Chinese Wall policy was identi ed and so named by Brewer and Nash [2]. This policy arises in the segment of the commercial sector which provides consulting services to other companies. Consultants naturally have to deal with con dential company information for their clients. The objective of the Chinese Wall policy is to prevent information ows which cause con ict of interest for individual consultants. Brewer and Nash develop a mathematical model of the Chinese Wall policy, on the basis of which they claim that this policy \cannot be correctly represented by a Bell-LaPadula model." In this paper we demonstrate that the Brewer-Nash model is too restrictive to be employed in a practical system. This is due to their treatment of users and subjects as synonymous concepts, with the consequence that they do not distinguish security policy as applied to human users versus security policy as applied to computer subjects. By maintaining a careful distinction between users, principals and subjects, we show that the Chinese Wall policy is just another lattice-based information policy which can be easily represented within the Bell-LaPadula framework.


An expansion cloud chamber was used to measure the homogeneous nucleation rate for water over a wide range of temperature from 230-290 K and nucleation rates of 1-10 6 drops cm-' S-I. The comprehensive and extensive nature of this data allows a much more detailed comparison between theory and experiment than has previously been possible. The expansion chamber technique employs continuous pressure measurement and an adiabatic pulse of supersaturation to give the time history of supersaturation and temperature during the nucleation. The resulting drop concentration is determined using photographic techniques. The experimental observations are presented in tabular form and from them an empirical nucleation rate formula is determined: J = S' exp(328.l24 - 5.582 43T + 0.030 365T' - 5.0319E - 5T' - (999.814 - 4.100 87 T + 3.010 84E - 3 T')ln-'S], where J is the nucleation rate in units of drops cm- 3 s· '. S is the supersaturation ratio and T is the temperature in K.


Backgroung: The amount of radiation absorbed and measured is called radiation dose. It is mandatory to monitor the radiation dose of the radiation worker, which should be less than the internationally allowed values. A cancer center has three radiation departments: diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy. The workers in these departments are classified as radiation workers. Methodolgy: The medical workers were monitored to determine their average annual effective dose using film badges for 4 years. The subdivision of radiation workers in a cancer center is medical staff/supervisors, technicians, and nurses. Results: The results are compared with national and international published data. The results of the measured annual dose were well below the international recommended dose limit of 20 mSv. Conclusion: The results suggest that the radiation safety standards are being practiced at Bannu Institute of NM, Oncology, and Radiology, Cancer hospital, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan.


The Dirac equation in four dimensions has an intimate connection with the representations of the group SU(4). This connection is shown in detail and subsequent properties are displayed in the continuum as well as in the lattice description.


Linux is widely used by the public either by software developers
(developers) or regular users. The need for linux operating system that is easy to
use and has user friendly interface that encourages more people to do remastering
Linux.
Remastering generally divided into four sections, namely: downloading
source code, installation of operating systems, modifications (remastering) and
then create an ISO file from souce code for instalation. Given the remastering of
this distro, I hope more and more users are using Linux to avoid software piracy,
because Linux is free.
Web Server is a server software that functions accept HTIP or HITPS
requests from clients, known as a web browser and sends the results back in the
form of web pages are generally in the form of HTML documents. One of the
popular web server on Linux is Apache. Apache is a cross-platform web server
that can run on multiple platforms such as linux and windows. Web Server is a
computer that provides services to the internet. Servers also called the host. So
that you can put your web design into the net, then you should have a room in
advance in the internet, and this room is provided by the server. That is called the
Web Server.
Keyword: Linux Operating System, Remastering Linux ,Web Server


The depletion of gas with its use is a great concern of Bangladesh. Electricity sector consumes 47% of total annual use of gas. Because of the peculiar input energy requirement characteristic of thermal units with their output the generating units are operated such that the total input energy requirement is minimum in a power system. As load management through load shedding, is a common phenomenon of Bangladesh power system (BPS), it is generally considered that the scope of optimal loading of units in BPS does not exist. This paper investigates the scope of optimal loading of units of BPS. It applies dynamic economic unit commitment scheduling technique for BPS to evaluate the production cost and the corresponding gas requirement for the past and future period. It also studies the possibility of reducing gas requirement in BPS through its optimal operation. The investigation results deserve the attention of natural resource planners and utilities.


It is shown that the barbell distribution of a gas of relativistic molecules above its critical temperature, can be interpreted as an antifragile response to the relativistic constraint of subluminal propagation.


As exhaust emission standards become increasingly stringent, the requirements for diesel exhaust post-treatment systems become increasingly demanding. This research focuses on the optimisation of a new hybrid structure to improve the performance of exhaust post-treatment systems. First, a short pitch spiral mixing chamber with sufficient mixing space and low temperature loss was designed to improve the evaporation of liquid droplets. Additionally, a conical plate mixer was used to conduct secondary mixing of the gas to improve the flow characteristics further. The ammonia uniformity and crystallisation risk of the new hybrid structure were simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics, and the optimal hybrid structure was verified by tests. The results showed that ammonia leakage, low temperature crystallisation and NOX conversion efficiency could effectively be improved by optimally designing the new hybrid structure. This research is of great significance for reducing exhaust pollution and optimising diesel exhaust post-treatment systems.


The Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) has been spreading into the Caribbean since 1860, when a specimen was collected on Vieques Island (Newton 1860), 10 km W of Puerto Rico. M. bonariensis has been expanding other parts of its range, notably in Argentina and Chile (Johnson 1967). Ricklefs and Cox (1972) have discussed some features of M. bonariensis' range expansion in the West Indies. The success of this species parallels that of the Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) in the new world and the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) in North America. All three species apparently have responded to modern, large-scale habitat alterations associated with agriculture and animal husbandry. The subspecies involved in the Caribbean range expansion is M. b. minimus, which was originally confined to northern Brazil, the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago. Through most of the Caribbean the cowbird's spread has been well documented (fig. 1); however, several points deserve comment. The movement of M. bonariensis has been aided by man. Probably because of the male's singing ability, the species is often kept as a cage bird, leading to a number of accidental or intentional introductions. According to J. Bond (pers. comm.), there appear to be two separate centers of origin of the cowbird's range expansion in the Caribbean: 1) In the Lesser Antilles, in the region around Grenada, the Grenadines and Barbados, from whence the species has moved NW as far as Antigua (fig. 1). Its rate of progress through the Lesser Antilles has been slow: about 8.3 km per year during the 60 years since it first appeared in the Grenadines. M. bonariensis has not been recorded on any islands between Antigua and St. Croix, a distance of 300 km (fig. 1). In addition, in the northern part of its range in the Lesser Antilles, it is uncommon and now seems to have disappeared from some islands from which it was first recorded, such as Marie-Galante (Pinchon 1963). 2) In the Greater Antilles, M. bonariensis has spread rapidly westward from a population center in the western Virgin Islands and eastern Puerto Rico: ignoring the anomalous Vieques and St. Croix records, at a rate of about 30.6 km per year between 1955 and 1973 (fig. 1). To a greater degree than in the Lesser Antilles, the Greater Antillean range expansion may have been aided by introductions. However, the rapidity of the species' spread from this second population center is perhaps due to the greater array of feeding habitats and hosts available on large islands such as Puerto Rico. Most species that have invaded the West Indies from South America have been filtered out by the small islands of the Lesser Antilles, and few have reached the larger islands (Ricklefs and Cox 1972). M. bonariensis possibly may not have reached the Greater Antilles without the aid of man. In 1955 a flock of 10-12 Shiny Cowbirds appeared on St. John (Robertson 1962), 88km E of Puerto Rico, and in the same year Grayce (1957) saw a flock of 150-175 at Cabezas de San Juan in extreme northeastern Puerto Rico. Nothing further was reported from Puerto Rico until 1961, when Biaggi (1963) saw more than 200 at Yabucoa, southeast Puerto Rico. In 1965 M. Gochfeld (Buckley and Buckley 1970) saw 250 near the Guajataca cliffs in northwestern Puerto Rico. Besides occupying lowland Puerto Rico, by February 1969 the species had penetrated the mountainous central part of the island, where C. B. Kepler and A. K. Kepler (pers. comm.) recorded 6-10 at Cidra. Four points indicate that M. bonariensis arrived in Puerto Rico before 1955: 1) during the 1940's few observers were active in Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands; 2) the presence, albeit of questionable origin, of cowbirds on nearby islands well before 1955 (fig. 1); 3) the rapidity with which the species has spread from Puerto Rico to Mona Island and Hispaniola (fig. 1); 4) the large numbers of cowbirds that were first seen in Puerto Rico, at widely separated points and over a relatively short period (fig. 1). All records from Hispaniola, where we feel sure that the species is a recent immigrant, have been of individuals or small groups (fig. 1). Since we began working in Puerto Rico in 1972, we have found cowbirds to be abundant in disturbed lowland habitats; at many communal roosts in southwestern Puerto Rico, they outnumber other icterids (table 1). Along the southwestern Puerto Rican coast, they are common from June to October, which corresponds to the breeding season of most passerines there. After October relatively few cowbirds remain in the coastal zone, and they may move to the interior.


The concept of rapid-mixing for initiation of protein function has been a corner stone of kinetic studies. As with stop-flow experiments, mixing can be used to accurately measure rates of reactions in solution using techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy. Although these experiments are rich in information regarding the timescales of protein function, the structural basis for this is still mainly derived main from coupling on static structural studies. Fast time-resolved structural studies of proteins have now mainly relied on pump-probe experiments where protein function is triggered using laser pulses and the structure probed at a given time-delay. These techniques are only suitable for naturally photoactive proteins or those chemically modified by photo caging agents. Rapid diffusive mixing, on the other hand, allows for the initiation of a wide variety of processes and is not bound by these limitations. During this work we have designed and fabricated versatile rapid-mixing nozzles capable of delivering ligands into micro-crystals in 100-200 microseconds, allowing for sub-and low-millisecond time-resolved experiments with proteins. The nozzles deliver the crystals as a free liquid jet suitable for XFEL experiments as well as rapid-mixing for time-resolved solution scattering and spectroscopy experiments. Besides the high speed of mixing achievable with these devices, the soft-lithography approach to fabrication allows for the rapid design and prototyping as well as the reproducible fabrication of multiple nozzles simultaneously. Furthermore, the fabrication approach has been simplified to allow for the dissemination of the technique to the wider user community - an important step towards making TR-measurements more widely available. In this work we present our devices as well as the extent of time-scales that can be achieved, their use in UV-Vis spectroscopy to define mixing times and their correlation to our 2-phase flow computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of the liquid jet and mixing capabilities of the devices. These CFD simulations, backed by experimental data, allow for fast definition of the expected time-scales


Date Presented 04/22/2023
 This study examined OTs' perceptions of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews revealed needs for the development of telehealth skills. Findings lead to making recommendations about the direction of continuing education for telehealth.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Lori E. Breeden
 Additional Authors and Speakers: Lauren Gandhi, Samantha Rich, Alexandria Dattilo, Karlie Hamilton, Kirstin Krause, Eric Meyers
 Contributing Authors: Brynn Shallenberger


Authenticating the proof system is an inevitable outcome that human society development progresses, is a proof method reasonableness with the civilized marking. The two greatest methods department authenticates the proof system around fair draw lessons from with study with the topic of the efficiency each other in the process, express a"pleasing" for authenticating to start to choose from "as one's pleases" to the "writ", corpus to surpass the trend of the " procedure" from "depend on" to the "pleasing" of the "independence", corpus will in the "specify", corpus position first. Our country authenticates to exist to authenticate to start in the proof system to offer as proof with the neutral, both parties' , the party concerned that corpus position lack and should have now the right is not waited by equal respect a series of problem, for realize the judicatory is fair and the worth a target of the efficiency, the "neutral with pleasing" is an our country to authenticate the proof system reforms inevitable choice within process.


We investigate herein the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between bed particle mobility and benthic invertebrate abundance in the gravel‐bed channel of the upper Colorado River in Rocky Mountain National Park. A large diversion channel called the Grand Ditch normally diverts a significant portion (∼50%) of the annual snowmelt runoff from the watershed northward out of the basin. In May 2003, a ∼30‐m section of the ditch was breached, contributing substantially to the magnitude and duration of discharge in the Colorado River until the ditch breach was repaired in July of that year. As a result, all grain sizes in the river channel were mobilized, which contrasted sharply with the minimal gravel transport experienced during the exceptional drought of the previous year. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in the field using a Surber sampler at the same six locations for both years, and the number of individuals of the orders ephemeroptera (mayflies), plecoptera (stoneflies), trichoptera (caddisflies) and diptera (e.g. chironomids) was counted in the laboratory. The total number of individuals was 240% higher in 2003, and the proportion of mayflies in the samples increased from 25% in 2002 to 40% in 2003. In 2003, samples were also taken immediately upstream and downstream of a large flow obstruction in the channel in order to further isolate the relative importance of sediment transport against other variables affecting the stream habitat. Numbers of individuals for all taxa collected (particularly ephemeroptera and plecoptera) were nearly an order of magnitude higher at the upstream site than at the downstream, protected location. These results have important implications for the ecosystem management of streams within Rocky Mountain National Park and elsewhere. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


By reducing the number of processing steps while reducing the number of components for configuring the sliding member (2) is easily and inexpensively manufactured rolling guide device capable of, and track rail (1), a number of it from a ball (3) sliding member assembled to the track rail (1) via a (2), the sliding member (2) is molded by bending a metal plate member (5), a pair and the lateral webs (20) of which is formed in a channel shape having a flange portion (21), the circulating track grooves of the ball (3) in each flange (21) (30) is formed, the track grooves (30), the ball (3) and the load straight groove (31) for rolling while applying a load, the load straight groove (31) ball (3) which has been rolling a pair of ball deflection grooves diverting while releasing from the load ( 34) , And it is configured from a one of the ball deflection grooves (34) and the no-load linear groove for transferring the balls (3) the other to it (34).


In their Dictatorship over Needs, Ferenc Fehér, Agnes Heller, and Gyorgy Markus sought to analyze the nature of domination and subordination in Soviet-type societies in terms of the direct administration of production and distribution by a self-selecting corporate ruling group. This dictatorship, initially justified by the interests of the proletariat and the party's self-assigned role as its vanguard, was perpetuated not merely by coercion but also by various mechanisms of legitimation. Among these was the construction of a self-image of the state as a wise, stern, but also beneficent father. Thus, "everything that a subject may get (consumer goods, a flat, heating, clothes, theatre tickets, etc.) is 'due to the state'; it is not granted as a right or given in exchange for something else, but provided as an amenity that can be revoked." It follows that "Soviet subjects ask for favours, their right proper is ius supplicationis."


BACKGROUND: Controversy exists concerning whether the costs and potential risks outweigh the potential benefits of "crossover" use in the general blood supply of unutilized blood that was donated for autologous transfusion.


Studies on biodiversity and distribution of pen shells were conducted at Merambong Shoal (N1 19' 55.62" E103 35' 57.75"), Tanjung Adang Shoal (N1 19' 48.03" E103 33' 59.44") oo oo and Merambong Island (N1 18' 54.83" E103 36' 33.37") off South Western Johor coast, Malaysia oo from August 2005 to June 2006. A total of 135 individuals were collected from three different stations. Pinna bicolor and Pinna atropurpurea were dominance. Higher density of pen shells were recorded in St 1 with 0.027 ind/m and St 2 was recorded lower density with 0.004 ind/m at 22 Merambong Shoal. Univariate analysis at Merambong Shoal population recorded higher values for diversity and richness indices compared to Tanjung Adang Shoal and Merambong Island but the value of Evenness index was quite similar between the three stations. Fifty eight individuals of pen shell were collected from study areas for taxonomy identification. Seven groups of pen shell were identified base on the internal and external surface of the valves of pen shell. Seven species were clearly identified which Pinna and Atrina were dominant from the seagrass bed of Sungai Pulai, Peninsular Malaysia.


Echium vulgare L., known as blueweed or viper's bugloss, is a blue or purple flowered biennial or short-lived monocarpic perennial herb found in every province in Canada. A naturalized weed of European origin, E . vulgare grows in highly disturbed are as, typically in soils of limestone or dolomite parent material. It is not competitive with crops, but serves as an alternate host for fungal pathogens and contains hepatotoxic alkaloids detrimental to livestock when consumed in large amounts. E. vulgare is a noxious weed in Nova Scotia, Quebec, Manitoba, Alberta and parts of British Columbia. Beneficial aspects include contributions to honey production and herbal medicine. Key words: Echium vulgare, blueweed, viper's bugloss, weed biology


I n this issue of TRANSFUSION two articles describe the effects on erythroid cells of antibody ligation to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane glycoprotein glycophorin C (GPC). GPC is a monotopic highabundance RBC membrane protein that forms a structural linkage to the membrane skeleton via the proteins 4.1R and p55. GPC derives from the GYPC gene, which additionally expresses GPC in a truncated form, glycophorin D (GPD). Glycophorins are extensively sialyated and contribute significantly to the zeta potential (net negative charge) that prevents systemic aggregation of RBCs by mutual repulsion. RBCs lacking both GPC and GPD are known as the Leach phenotype and have irregular ellipsoid shape. GPC and GPD express the 11 Gerbich blood group antigens, and three Gerbich-negative phenotypes are known, Gerbich (Ge:–2,–3,4), Yus (Ge:–2,3,4), and the aforementioned Leach phenotype (Ge:–2,–3,–4). Anti-Gerbich (notably anti-Ge3) has previously been noted as a cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN; and further described here by Pate and colleagues), so knowledge regarding the immune destruction of the fetal RBCs is of relevance to the clinical management of these cases. The study of Wang and coworkers reveals that ligation using anti-GPC induces cell death in the erythroleukemic cell line K562 and erythroid progenitors derived from CD34+ umbilical cord blood stem cells. This process remains only partially characterized biochemically, but involves the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) at the extracellular leaflet of the membrane (it is normally polarized to the intracellular face of the membrane). These findings confirm our earlier study, which interestingly also found that Gerbich and Yus phenotype cells lacked this pathway, despite binding anti-GPC on their surface. Thus, anti-Ge3 causing the HDFN described in previous studies, most likely induces PS exposure on fetal RBCs and induces their death and is clearly a different mechanism to that induced by anti-D which involves monocyte binding to the Fc region of RBC bound antibody. The GPC pathway induced by anti-Ge3 (and other anti-GPC) most likely is mimicking binding to the protein by an as yet unknown ligand(s), possibly on macrophages or other white blood cells. The mechanism of PS exposure induced by GPC ligation is also intriguing; the previously mentioned GPC-p4.1R-p55 interaction clearly must trigger the PS exposure in some manner. Indeed, p4.1R is known to bind PS and is regulated by calmodulin. It is therefore important that this pathway is unraveled as it may play a fundamental part in RBC turnover. It is somewhat puzzling that despite its huge physiologic significance, mechanisms of RBC turnover (dubbed eryptosis) remain relatively poorly characterized; this deficiency no doubt will be rectified based on the identification of the key RBC membrane proteins that appear to be involved. GPC is now among the candidates.


Thanks to the new website of the topic Introductory Course to History of Arts we intend to help the student to think and look at the masterpieces of Art and Arquitecture from a basic level. The use of TICs allow a follow up evaluation of the student, reflected in the final results. The new website includes the new and the old materials. The UNED put at the disposal of teaching new means to facilitate the study of a topic in urgent need of image, in the framework of the European Space for University Studies.


Lateral condensation with gutta-percha and sealer has been shown to provide an excellent apical seal; however, the lateral condensation technique has demonstrated less favorable apical leakage results in curved canals when compared with straight canals. Placement of endodontic spreaders to within 1 to 2mm of the root canal working length has been advocated for optimum gutta-percha obturation. Due to their stiffness, stainless-steel(SS) spreaders will often fail to achieve this position in curved canals. Newly marketed nickel-titanium(NT) spreaders may offer an advantage in this regard due to the increased flexibility of these instruments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NT finger spreader on the sealing ability in lateral condensation technique, compared with conventional SS finger spreader. Twenty four standardized resin models simulating curved canals(30 degree) were randomly placed into 2 groups and instrumented to a #30 master apical file size with Ni-Ti Profile .04 taper series using step down technique. Each groups was obturated with standardized gutta-percha cone by standard lateral condensation technique using SS finger spreader, NT finger spreader. And then, each model was sectioned horizontally with microtome at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5mm levels from the apex. At each of 5 levels, ratio of the area of gutta-percha was obtained by calculating the area of gutta-percha to the total area of the canal. The data collected were then analyzed statistically using a t test for independent samples. The results as follows ; 1. The total mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 89.207.00(%) for SS spreader group. 92.205.17(%) for NT spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between each group(p5.41(%) for SS spreader group, 95.252.60(%) for NT spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between each group(p3.42(%) for SS spreader group, 87.913.68(%) for NT spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between each group(p


Laser selective excitation and optical absorption studies of hydrogenated CaF2:0.05% Er3+ crystals have revealed 16 Er3+ ion sites involving H− or D− ion charge compensation. The relative occurrence of these sites can be controlled over a wide range by varying the duration of the hydrogenation treatment. The hydrogenic nature of these sites is established by the observation of local mode absorption lines in the infrared, Er3+ ion electronic line isotope shifts and associated local mode vibronic lines involving the H− and D− ions. Local mode infrared absorption frequencies of four sites are reported for most rare‐earth ions. Five new Er3+−F− sites were identified in the laser selective excitation study. For 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 oriented crystals the fluorescence spectra of several of the sites exhibit well‐defined polarization which determines their Er3+ ion site symmetries. Symmetry confirmations are also established for the two previously reported single Er3+ ion sites involving fluoride ion compensation. Ele...


Twenty-four young (M = 21) and 24 old (M = 71) adults participated in a study designed to assess age-related differences in the training and retention of skilled DT performance. Participants received one session of ST training on two consistently-mapped (CM) visual search tasks followed by two additional sessions of training on the DT combination. Subsequent to the end of training, a single session of retention testing was provided after a one month retention interval. The use of an adaptive multiple frame procedure during ST training assured that each participant operated at his or her limits of perceptual processing. Three different task speeds (slow, medium and fast) were then constructed to fit each individual's perceptual search abilities during DT processing. The results of the experiment indicated that, in spite of differences between age groups in the speed of perceptual processing required to perform the dual-task, older adults still exhibited marked decrements in DT performance when compared to ST baseline levels. Further, there was no interaction with task speed suggesting that speed of processing fails to adequately explain age-related dual-task performance decrements


The properties of silica fume concrete was studied. Various properties of silica fume cocnrete, including slump, air-content, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability, and permeable void volume were investigated, and the effect of the silica fume replacement ratio of cement is described. The effects of aggregate content and graduation, water-binder (cement plus silica fume), and superplasticizer dosage rate also are discussed. In this investigation, silica fume-binder ratios ranged from 0.00 to 0.40, water binder ratios from 0.41 to 0.47, aggregate binder ratios from 1.0 to 4.0, and superplasticizer binder ratios from 0.01 to 0.05.


The problem of calculating the amount of energy which can be stored in a plasma near the upper hybrid resonance is treated by considering a macroscopic plasma model in which all nonlinear terms are maintained. For frequencies sufficiently close to the hybrid frequency, and for low temperatures, application of the traveling wave hypothesis reduces the macroscopic equations to an ordinary nonlinear differential equation with an additional small nonlinear term. The solution of this equation, by the perturbation procedure described in Pt. I, indicates that nonlinear effects (overtaking and trapping) become more important at lower energy levels as the frequency approaches the hybrid frequency. Explicit expressions are given for the maximum allowable stored energy at hybrid frequency in both a cold and warm plasma.


The influence of ovary and ecdysteroids on pheromone biosynthesis was investigated in D. melanogaster. Strains mutant for ovo produced enhanced amounts of cuticular hydrocarbons in both sexes. Female sex pheromone production was not affected by the mutation, except homozygous females for ovoDlrsl which exhibited a higher proportion of the pheromone, 7,11 heptacosadiene.The amount of hydrocarbons in wild-type (CS) flies was stable at 21 and 25°C but dramatically increased at 29°C whereas the cuticular hydrocarbon pattern was unchanged. In contrast, ecdysone-less 1ls (ecd-1) flies showed an increase in overall hydrocarbon production at both permissive and restrictive temperatures. At restrictive temperature they showed also a decrease in pheromonal dienes production for females with an increase in monoenes and an inversion of the 7 tricosene-7 pentacosene ratio for males. These effects were partially reversible since a switch from 29 to 21°C restored an intermediary hydrocarbon pattern.It is suggested that the regulation of female sex pheromone might be under the control of the ecd-1 gene.


The utility model relates to 12 kilovolt indoor AC high voltage sulfur hexafluoride ring network switchgear, wherein the body of the switchgear is a switch cabinet, and the cabinet body is composed of a bus chamber, a main switch chamber, a low voltage control chamber and a cable chamber; the cable chamber (41) is arranged in the lower part of the switch cabinet, and is internally provided with a lightning arrester, a current transformer and a lower grounding switch; the bus chamber (43) is arranged in the upper part of a ring network cabinet, and in the bus chamber, main buses are connected together and penetrate through the switch cabinet; the main switch chamber (42) is internally provided with a triple work position load switch (8), the shell of the load switch (8) is formed by pouring epoxy resin, the inside of the load switch is filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas and the rear part of the shell of the load switch is provided with a voltage relief passage. The bus chamber, the main switch chamber, the low voltage control chamber and the cable chamber are mutually fixed and supported by a metallic framework and a metal plate. The switchgear has the advantages of high insulation level, simple whole structure, convenient maintenance, miniaturization, combination and low price.


Industrial equipment using hydraulic fluids are des ign to accept higher load and speed, implicitly higher temperatures, including for fluid s. Leakages from enclosures like gear boxes or hydraulic systems could increase the risk of fluid reaching hot surfaces, thus producing fires hard to be controlled and isolated. The designer have to evaluate the flammability of fluids and they should select sever al solutions for a particular application in order to estimate the costs of diffe rent solutions and to mitigate the risk of having accidental fires due to a specific fluid grade. The tests were done with the help of an original eq uipment allowing a dedicated soft assistance in order to protect the operator and to sustain reproducibility, according to the standard SR EN ISO 20823:2004 Petroleum and rel ated products. The determination of the flammability characteristics o f fluids in contact with hot surfaces Manifold ignition test, There were tested the follo wing grades of hydraulic oil HLP 68 X-Oil, HFC Prista, MHE 40 Prista (100% oil), a rape seed oil (obtained after a dewaxing process) and an emulsion oil-in-water (5% vol. MHE 40 Prista). There were identified distinct behaviours of these fluids unde r the test conditions .


Objective To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis.Methods MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 μmol/L pioglitazone for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT, cell cycle and apoptosis were inspected with flow cytometry, the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were examined via immuno-chemical staining. Results Survival of osteoblasts decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M stages increased, while the cells in S stage decreased significantly. The percentage of apoptosis at 5 and 10 μmol/L were lower than that of the control group(P < 0.05), While it was increased significantly at 30 and 40 μmol/L(P <0.01). Bax expression was attenuated at 10 μmol/L(P<0. 01), returned to normal by 20 μmol/L, and was increased by 30 and 40 μmol/L(P < 0. 01). Bcl-2 expression was enhanced at the dose ≤ 20 μmol/L(P <0.01). Positive correlation was found between the death rate and the expression intensity of Bax/Bcl-2(n = 15, r=0.796, P<0.01). Conclusions Pioglitazone inhibits apoptosis of osteoblasts at low concentrations and protects the cells, but promotes their apoptosis at higher concentration, Bax/Bcl-2 may play an important role in mediating the piglitazone-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts. It inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.

Key words:
Pioglitazone;  0steoblast;  Bax;  Bcl-2


Historically, climate and weather simulations were usually computed on latitude-longitude grids. Although they provide several advantages, there are also some drawbacks, e.g. the so-called polar problem for simulations on earth scale. Therefore, the use of alternative grids is of growing interest. In this thesis, the two most promising alternatives are evaluated regarding HPC related algorithms: cubed sphere and hexagonal grids. For simulations on HPC architectures, the consideration of the memory hierarchy successively got a crucial point for performance improvements. The goal of this work is to reduce the cache-miss rates by finding a proper order for the grid information (i.e. faces, edges and vertices). Space-filling curves provide several beneficial properties such as spatial and temporal locality. We use three different space-filling curves to reorder the originally created grid data. The reordering of the grid primitives is evaluated with a serial and parallel shallow water simulation which is computed on a primal and dual grid. The results show, that the straight-forward grid generation for cubed sphere grids already provides a proper order. Therefore all modified grid versions have a very similar performance. On the other hand, the spatial and temproal memory access locality of the hexagonal grid can be improved with space-filling curves. This leads to an increase in performance of about 20%.


This paper is concerned with the problem of the existence of a bounded solution for a non-linear system x ′=A(t)x+f(t,x),where linear system x ′=A(t)x satisfies exponential dichotomy.When Lipschitz condition on x does not meet for f(t,x),the following sufficient condition on the existence of bounded continuous solution of the system is obtained on Learay-Shauder fixed point theorem and Arzela-Ascoli theorem:if(1)f(t,x):R×Rn→Rn is continuous;(2)there exists a constant m0 and a continuous increasing function g(t) which satisfies limt→∞(g(t))/t=0 for t∈R+=[0,∞) such that |f(t,x)|≤m+g(|x|),(t,x)∈R×Rn,then x ′=A(t)x+f(t,x) has a bounded continuous solution.


Abstract A complete and up-to-date checklist of the vascular plants of Macaronesia (the Azores, the Madeira archipelago, the Salvage Islands, the Canary Islands, and the Cape Verde Islands) is given. 3.125 species belonging to 1.041 genera are listed, as are also a number of intraspecific taxa down to variety level. New combinations are proposed within the genera Cheilanthes, Pericallis and Pulicaria. A second section lists 2.250 synonyms and their presumed identity.


BACKGR?UN.D AND METHODS: Recently, neurologic and demyelmatmg events have been reported in patients receiving TNFa. antagonists for the treatment of psoriatic or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Various central nervous system (CNS) events had been noted in patients taking etanercept, a p75 TNF-receptor-immunoglobulin fusion protein. Clinical presentation of cases varied widely. Adverse events could be divided into 4 groups: exacerbation or worsening of preexisting multiple sclerosis (MS); new onset MS; acute mental status changes (encephalopathy) with some residual deficit and/or evidence of demyelination on biopsy; and cases in which findings were consistent with neurologic disease but were not sufficient for the diagnosis of MS (e.g., optic neuritis, dysesthesia, and Lhermitte's sign). The role ofTNFct in T-cell-mediated tissue injury in RA, Crohn's disease, and MS is examined.


By analyzing the reasons that concrete buildings of high-lift irrigating area such as"Jingdian"project having been corraded and broken down by chloride ion in the return water and,whatever,mainly through the means of experimental analysis to the elements and contents of the return water,soil,concrete and so on,the destruction mechanism of chloride ion to concrete buildings even that the methods of its biometry are investigated.


This paper presents a simulation and an experimental quasi-distributed Fabry–Perot optical fibre sensor for temperature measurements implemented on a serial array using a combined frequency division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing arrangement. Quasi-distributed fibre sensors have been of great interest in the industry for the monitoring of power transformers, jet engines, and furnaces. This paper is aimed at providing theoretical results for a quasi-distributed sensor system made of 25 local sensors imprinted on a serial array of the single mode fibre whereby the local sensors are of weak reflectivity. In addition, a sensor system of nine quasi-distributed local sensors is experimentally tested and a sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\frac { pm}{^{o}C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.125^{\circ }C$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are obtained. Its higher resolution, higher spatial distribution, and ability to measure temperature at different points simultaneously make it a very attractive temperature sensor.


PURPOSE:To obtain sufficient rigidity, by molding a shift-fork by half punching a portion at the side inner than the external form lines of branch portions by means of precies punching. CONSTITUTION:Portions corresponding to both end portions 21c, 21d of the branch portions 21a, 21b of a semi-circular main body 21 in a blank 20 of a slat are lined, and the thickness of the portions is finished at fixed dimensional accuracy. A portion at the side inner than an external form line except the both end portions 21c, 21d of the main body 21 in the blank 20 is half punched by means of a precise punching method. The blank 20 is half punched by means of each die 30 and punch 32 in the extent that projecting quantity s is t-1mm by using a plate keep 31 and an inverse keep 33.


The aim of this study is to explore the competency of secondary school principals in certain management areas such as curriculum, co-curriculum, student affairs, financial, office administration, human resource, community relationships, school environment and infrastructure based on several elements in competency namely their personal qualities, knowledge, skills and practices. In addition, the study seeks to determine the means and ways as well as practices and how school principals utilise their skills in pursuing their direction of work towards achieving stated school objectives. This research is based on the framework of namely the Standard Kompetensi Kepengetuaan Sekolah Malaysia (The Malaysian School Head Competency Standards) and the National Standards for Principal in Wales. The survey was administered by distributing questionnaires to the respondents which consisted of 314 school principals, 720 senior assistants and 611 heads of department. Besides, 14 interviews were being carried out with the aim of justifying quantitative findings of the study as well as to explain practices and actions taken in each management areas. Descriptive statistics was utilised in analyzing quantitative data, whereas qualitative data was manually analyzed. Results showed that Malaysian school principals were graded as highly competent in all areas. Outcomes of qualitative data analysis shows that it supports the findings of quantitative data. However study found that principal need support from internal school community as well as external school community in order to manage school effect.


One of the most prominent features of the $\gamma$-ray sky is the emission from our own Galaxy. The Galactic plane has been observed by Fermi-LAT in GeV and H.E.S.S. in TeV light. Fermi has modeled the Galactic emission as the sum of a complex 'diffuse' emission model with the predominately point source catalogs of 1FHL and 2FGL, while H.E.S.S. has primarily detected extended TeV sources. At GeV energies, Galactic diffuse emission dominates the $\gamma$-ray Milky Way but, as sources have hard spectra, it is likely their emission dominates at TeV energies. Generally the spatial shape and fraction of source emission compared to diffuse emission in the Galactic plane is not well known and is dependent on the source detection method, threshold and diffuse emission modeling methods used.
We present a simple image-analysis based method applied to Fermi-LAT data from 10 GeV to 500 GeV, covering a region of +/- 5 degrees in Galactic latitude and +/- 100 degrees in Galactic longitude, to separate source and diffuse emission. This method involves elongated filter smoothing, combined with significance clipping to exclude sources. We test the method against models based on the 1FHL catalog and very simple model Galaxies to evaluate the response for an input of known fraction and shape of diffuse and source emission.


The water environmental chemistry is an important specialized foundation curriculum for many specialized domains such as the environment,the hydrology,the geology and so on,which can play a great role in many subject domains' research and their development.Based on the significance of the curriculum and its constructions analysis,the content of the curriculum and the teaching thoughts were present in the paper.


We investigated some of the geometric properties of the lattice points of the square lattice Z2 and the coincidence lattice generated by rotating about the origin the square lattice Z2 at some specified angle of rotations. We have shown that for every nonnegative rational number r ∈ Q, there exists θ ∈ [0, π2 ] such that the point (q, p) belongs to the coincidence lattice if and only if r = p q . In addition, we have shown that the set R = { π 2 − 2 tan−1 ( n n + k ) : n, k ∈ N } is dense in [0, π2 ] using the density property of Q in R. Mathematics Subject Classification: 74E15, 11P21


The Bali Action Plan set a frame goal for the Copenhagen Conference. Issues,such as the principle of justice,the global mitigation target,the global peak of GHG emission,and commitments from the developed and developing countries,are still under large dispute in the current negotiation. The Copenhagen process is going to rely on the progress of serial variants,including the group gambling dominated by the emission super powers,the fulfillment of commitment in the first period of Kyoto Protocol,as well as the development of the financial crisis. Evidence indicates that it is quite difficult to achieve a big progress in the Copenhagen Conference. What we should expect is that the Copenhagen process which will last for years,rather than the Copenhagen Conference itself,can really mitigate the global climate change.


Elliptic curves have a wide variety of applications in computational number theory such as elliptic curve cryptography, pairing based cryptography, primality tests, and integer factorization. Mishra and Gupta (2008) have found an interesting property of the sets of elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form (or short Weierstrass form) over prime fields. The property is that one can induce metrics on the sets of elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form over prime fields of characteristic greater than three. Later, Vetro (2011) has found some other metrics on the sets of elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form over prime fields of characteristic greater than three. However, to our knowledge, no analogous result is known in the characteristic two case. In this paper, we will prove that one can induce metrics on the sets of nonsupersingular elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form over finite fields of characteristic two.


In this paper, we present the synthesis of a robust controller for uncertain discrete systems. The synthesis method of such a robust controller is the generalization of the Loop Shaping Design Procedure (LSDP) approach of McFarlane and Glover in the discrete case based on the work of Gu et al. We exploit the bilinear transform known as Tustin's method in order to formulate the discrete loop shaping technique. A discrete weighting filter and a shaped discrete plant result from this technique. By taking into account the coprime factor uncertainty representation for the resulting shaped plant and by applying the small gain theorem, we define the concept of the robust stabilization of the discrete LSDP approach. This concept is based on the resolution of an optimization problem characterized by the maximum stability margin for the synthesis of the robust controller. To calculate the robust controller we transform this problem to a standard robust H ∞ controller design based on the resolution of the Riccati equations. Also, we present the gap metric theory to characterize the controller's robustness. We note that the resulting final controller is the combination of the discrete weighting filter and the robust controller. We propose then to exploit the recent work of Bouzrara et al. in order to develop a reduced robust controller by expanding the final controller on two independent Laguerre orthonormal bases. The discrete LSDP and the reduced controller approaches were validated on a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor chemical reactor for a set of different equilibrium points in order to take into account the nonlinearities.


Travel behavior has been an area of great interest to practitioners, researchers, and policy makers interested in the demand side of transport systems. The travel choices made by travelers have a direct impact on the performance of transport systems and networks. Moreover, our travel behavior generates both positive and negative effects on our wealth, health, and well-being. In addition, travel behavior arising from the choices of individuals is perhaps the most significant determinant of effectiveness of transport policies and schemes. It is therefore desirable to understand and predict how people make travel choices, how travel choices might affect the overall performance of the transport system, and how travelers' behavior can be influenced in order to make it more efficient, safe, and sustainable. This article presents the grounds that justify the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to travel behavior modeling and then describes the applications of a wide range of AI paradigms to travel behavior research, including fuzzy set theory, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and multiagent simulations.


Chalcogenide thin films have characteristics of both electric switching and individual optical reactivity. The resistance random access memory (ReRAM) using amorphous chalcogenide materials is based on the electrochemical control of photodiffused metal ions in chalcogenide thin films. In this study we focus on the formation of a straight filament pattern in Ge25Se75 thin films by changing the doping method for Ag ions. Ag photodissolution was performed by the general method (UV exposure) and a holographic lithography method [using He–Ne laser (632.8 nm)]. We measured the electrical characteristics of each device. Improved results were obtained with the induced straight filament pattern device. In the device patterned straightly, operation voltage and reliability were improved.


Aminophylline (A) administration to pregnant rabbits prior to premature delivery was previously shown to enhance fetal survival. We have now studied effects of maternally administered A on incorporation of labeled glucose (G) and palmitate (P) into phospholipids in rabbit fetal lung slices. Mean incorporation ± SD for 10 paired litters, A treated and controls (C) was as follows:Significant differences were found for saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Precursor incorporation into phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was not significantly higher in the A group but PG and PI content in μmoles/g. lung was greater after 3 days of treatment (2.27 ± 0.40 vs 1.67 ± 0.36) and (0.26 ± 0.035 vs 0.23 ± 0.011) respectively. Glycogen content in mg./g. lung and specific activity in nmoles G incorporated/mg. glycogen was reduced in the A group, (2.63 ± 0.94 vs 3.97 ± 0.14) and (38.7 ± 8.7 vs 48.8 ± 5.0). Analysis of triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FA) pool sizes showed a lower TG and higher FA content in A treated tissue suggesting increased lipolysis. The results further support the role of A in enhancing synthesis of fetal lung surfactant.


This paper presents a new optimal decentralized controller design method for solving the tracking and disturbance rejection problems for the class of large scale LTI systems, using only low order decentralized controllers. In particular, the class of large scale systems considered in this paper is described by the LTI model M2ÿ + M1y + M0y = Bu + Eω, where y is the output, u is the input, ω is an unknown constant disturbance, where e = y - yref is the tracking error in the system and yref is a constant given signal. To illustrate the type of results which can be obtained using the new optimal decentralized control design method, the control of a large flexible space structure is studied and compared with the standard centralized LQR-Observer controller. In this case it is shown that the new decentralized controller obtained is orders of magnitude lower in dimension than the standard centralized LQR-Observer controller. The proposed controller also has the property that if a sensor/actuator failure occurs, the resulting system has certain fail-safe properties. The proposed optimal controller also has the property that it is strongly robust as compared to the standard centralized LQR-Observer controller. In particular, the proposed controller can have the property of being some 5 orders of magnitude more robust than the standard LQR-Observer controller. An illustration of the new decentralized controller design method is applied to a large flexible space structure (LFSS) system with 5 inputs and 5 outputs and of order 24.


was a thousand times more common here than the megaloblastic types, the most vulnerable groups still being infants aged 6 months to 2 years and pregnant women. But the clinical picture had changed; nowadays it was less severe. He attributed this to medical education, child welfare clinics, better facilities for haematological investigations, and social changes. Megaloblastic anaemia, he thought, was increasing because of the greater number of people living to between 60 and 80, the increased expectation of life of patients with pernicious anaemia, and better diagnosis. In Britain pernicious anaemia was six times more common than all other megaloblastic anaemias. The research work on the megaloblastic anaemias over the last 25 years had resulted in one of the greatest triumphs of medical science.


Abstract The knowledge on the migration of antimony (Sb) from PET bottles into the water is of greate concern. Antimony in all bottled water marketed in korea and in raw water was analyzed. The detection rate of antimony in total bottled water was 88 % and 100% in PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, PET), 55% in PC (Polycarbonate, PC) bottled water. 55% of raw water contained antimony. The average concentration of Sb in PET bottled water was 0.39 μg/L, higher than PC bottles (0.20 μg/L) and the raw water (0.22 μg/L). The migration of Sb into water that is stored in different conditions (room temperature, 45°C, and direct sunlight exposure) was investigated for 180 days. The migration tendency increased with the storage time and temperature. PET bottles showed a sharp increase of Sb concentration at 45°C, but there was no differences between the room temperature and sunlight exposure. The Sb migration in all simulated solution(deionized water, 4% acetic acid, and 20% ethanol) also increased with storage time and temperature. The Sb migration values ranged from 0.35 to 0.49 μg/L in all simulated solution, which was far below the permissible korean migration level of 40 μg/L. There was a tendency that the number of re-use of a bottle and the amount of leaching were in inverse proportion.


Introduction: The Brothel Drama Part I. The Female Performer as Prostitute: 1. Zaza: that 'obtruding harlot' of the stage 2. That 'sin-stained' Sapho 3. The Easiest Way and the actress-as-whore myth Part II. Working Girls: 4. The shop girl: working girl dramas 5. The girl shop: Mrs Warren's Profession Part III. Opium Dens and Urban Brothels: Staging the White Slave: 6. White slave plays in progressive American theatre 7. Brothel anyone? Laundering the 1913-14 white slave season Part IV. The Legitimation and Decline of the Brothel Drama: 8. Damaged Goods: sex hysteria and the Prostitute Fatale 9. The repentant courtesan in Anna Christie and the lesbian prostitute in The God of Vengeance.


Howard Bishop Lewis (1887–1954) was born on a farm near Southington, Connecticut. He graduated as high school valedictorian when he was 15 years old and then spent the next year working on his parents' farm while waiting to meet the Yale University age requirement for admission. During this time he also taught himself the equivalent of 2 years of high school Greek. He entered Yale University in 1904 and received his B.A. 4 years later. Lewis then spent the next 2 years teaching at Hampton Institute, in Hampton, Virginia, and at the Centenary Collegiate Institute, in Hackettstown, New Jersey. Lewis entered the Graduate School of Yale University in 1910, where he worked with Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC) Classic author Lafayette B. Mendel (1). During graduate school, he spent one summer working at the laboratories of the Connecticut State Hospital in Middletown looking at the nature of the antigen in the Wasserman reaction and his last 2 years at Yale working as Mendel's laboratory assistant. Following the completion of his doctorate in 1913, Lewis accepted an instructorship in physiological chemistry in the School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania. He remained at Pennsylvania until 1915 when he accepted a position at the Urbana campus of the University of Illinois. In 1922 Lewis was called to head the Department of Physiological Chemistry at the University of Michigan, where he remained for the rest of his career. In 1947, the University conferred upon him the John Jacob Abel University Professorship in Biological Chemistry, and he served as director of the College of Pharmacy from 1933 to 1947. With the collaboration of his students and colleagues, Lewis published an impressive list of scientific articles covering a broad range of topics. Early in his career he became interested in Howard Bishop Lewis THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 283, No. 5, Issue of February 1, p. e4, 2008 © 2008 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Printed in U.S.A.


Surface soils of 2 cm depth were sampled at developed and undeveloped areas in Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Thirty one (31) locations were collected and 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations were measured using HPGe Gamma Counting System. The mean radium equivalent activity concentration (Raeq) for the sampled area was 463.37 Bq/kg. The Undeveloped area was found to have higher mean of Raeq compared to Developed area. The mean Raeq for each area was found to be 614.07 Bq/kg and 354.53 Bq/kg respectively. The external hazard index (Hex) were calculated and found to have a mean of 1.251. Undeveloped area was found to have higher mean of 1.658 compared to developed area with a mean of 0.957. Many locations were found to have Hex higher than 1.000.


The invention provides a method for live broadcast of a mobile terminal, and a streaming media server which supports multiple protocols and a players used for playing network video streaming on a mobile device need to be provided, wherein the player is developed based on an open source playing VLC multimedia player. The method includes: Step 1. collecting video and audio data through the mobile terminal, compressing the collected audio data and video data through soft coding mode or a hard coding mode, and after packaging the compressed audio and video data through a protocol that the mobile terminal supports, pushing to the streaming media server; Step 2. according to the type of the protocol used when a player is accessed to the streaming media server, converting audio and video streaming to the protocol used by the player to be distributed; and Step 3. decoding and playing audio and video code steam data through the player. The invention also provides a system for live broadcast of the mobile terminal, and the system supports a dual-coding mode and multi-protocol transmission of data and realizes video collection and live broadcast on the mobile terminal.


Stressors affecting job satisfaction are becoming an increasingly significant phenomenon. Stress has a cost for individuals in terms of health, wellbeing, job dissatisfaction, rate of absenteeism and turnover which will in turn affect the quality of patient care. This study aimed to determine the main stressors affecting nurses and its relationship with job satisfaction in Raged hospital, Cairo, Egypt. A descriptive correlational cross sectional design was used on a convenience sample of 213 nurses using expanded nursing stress and job satisfaction scales. The results have shown that most stressful subscale for nurses was death and dying of patients as "Extremely Stressful" and the least stressful subscale was inadequate preparation to help with the emotional needs of patients and their families as "Occasionally Stressful". There was a negative significant relationship between the impact of stress and job satisfaction among staff nurses in Raged hospital as indicated by (Pearson correlation = .437, P < 0.05). In conclusion hospital staff nurses were exposed to many kinds of stressors which affected their level of job satisfaction. This emphasizes the need for adopting strategies to reduce stress, increase job satisfaction and finally improving patient quality of care. [Jawad R, Jeffery R, Wanton R. (2015). Stressors and Job Satisfaction for Nurses in Hospital. The Journal of MENA Sciences, 1(1), 1-7]. http://www.jomenas.org. 1