Example discloses a mixing method, apparatus and system of the present invention relates to the field of communications technology, to ensure the quality of the mix, and reduce the consumption of computing resources. The method of the present invention comprises: receiving audio streams of each site, and each of the audio streams of each site are analyzed to obtain voice feature values of the sound source object; sound source objects in the order of descending sound feature value, from the sound source object in a predetermined number of selected sound source object is a sound source as a main subject; determining venue main sound source object is located; the relation between the target and the main hall venue where the sound source object, target venue need to mix audio code stream; target audio streams need to be the venue mix mix, and the mix audio stream to the destination code venue; or venue target code required to mix the audio stream to the destination venue, and venue target mix. Embodiments of the present invention is mainly used in the mixing process.


Sexism over women is deeply entrenched in society. It becomes a worldwide issue evinced by multiplicity of literary works narrating discriminations of society against women where women's position is often exploited, humiliated, and even cornered. This article is designed to analyze the sexist oppressions experienced by female protagonists in Anthology Short Stozy Arab Women Writer translated by Dayla Cohen-Mor, the sexist socializations in the short stories as well as their responses towards the sexism. In analyzing this data, the writers scrutinize ten short stories selected and apply feminist theory: from margin to center by bell hooks (1984). The result imparts that sexism is socialized through behaviour andculture in society.


The aim of this workshop is a more or less complete analysis of reconstruction filters for current mode class-S and partial of quasi class-S power amplifier systems. The workshop attempts to show and to discuss the requirements for reconstruction filters suitable for class-S (delta-sigma or pulse-length modulation) and quasi class-S (band-pass pulse-length modulation) power amplifier systems. Regarding the final stage architecture representing the main interface to the reconstruction filter all deliberations are focused on the current-mode power amplifier system because at given maximum ratings of the transistors this architecture generates the highest output power. Very crucial to the maintenance of the rectangular shape of the drain current and thus to high efficiency are not only the choice of the pass-band and stop-band of the reconstruction filter, but also the specification of input impedance for different modes of excitation over a wide frequency range. The main focus of the workshop is on the design of the reconstruction filter. It will be shown that the electrical and geometrical constraints for the design of a reconstruction filter are well satisfied by balanced input comb-line filters. Especially doubly and singly terminated filters are subjected to theoretical consideration, simulation, testing and measurement. Several filter architectures are demonstrated, and critically analysed in terms of differential and common mode impedances. Finally the simulation and measurement results of current mode class-S power amplifier systems and a single ended quasi class-S power amplifier system including appropriate designed reconstruction filters are shown.


A strong earthquake struck the city of Pisco in the coastal region of central Peru on 15 August 2007. The earthquake brought massive destruction to the regions of Ica and Lima. QuickBird, a satellite with a high-resolution sensor on board, captured clear images of Pisco both before and after the earthquake. In this paper, the authors performed visual damage detection of buildings using the high-resolution satellite images. The visual damage interpretation based on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) was carried out building by building, comparing the pre-event and post-event images. Then the damage grades of about 10,800 buildings were classified. The result of the damage inspection was compared with field survey data, and the accuracy and usefulness of the high-resolution satellite images in damage detection was discussed.


Authorship is a highly thematic and complex element since it brings aspects related to the specificity and context of works' production. Considering that contexts and subjects are dynamic and vary over time and space, this paper aims to present the concept of subject provenance stressing that authorship can be considered as a product of a context – subject historicity, specific themes, and interpersonal networks. The approach taken to identifying essences in this paper is inductive. The discussion highlights that when considering an author as a subject herself/himself and as an access point – from the concept of subject provenance – it is delineated an organic relationship between the authors who participate in the same epistemic community, enriching the representation in the scientific literature. Thus an invisible but strong ribbon that leads to the complete subject context identification ties the author and the content of the document. 1.0 Introduction Authorship has been traditionally linked to descriptive representation – also called cataloging – in information organization. Fields related to descriptive representation of documents used to be understood as neutral, explicit, and easier to identify, however the concept of authorship could be expanded to improve access to information going beyond the identification of "the name of the author". Authorship is a highly thematic and complex element since it brings aspects related to the specificity and context of production situated in a space-temporal framework (Guimarães 2017). In Literature, for instance, authors themselves can be the subject of literary studies, and in Philosophy subjects whose genesis can derive from their authors (e.g. Platonism, Socratic school). However, this approach is still incipient in the LIS scientific literature whose subject representation does not always consider the authors' contexts (theoretical influences, schools of thought, points of view etc.). For this reason, the concept of subject provenance is especially important once it contextualizes the authorship as a product of a context, such as subject historicity, specific themes, and interpersonal networks. In other words, an author can be also considered a representative of an epistemic community, as "a network of professionals with recognized expertise and competence in a particular domain" (Haas 1992, 3); of an invisible college, as "a set of interacting scholars or scientists who share similar research interests concerning a subject specialty, who often produce relevant publications to this subject, and who communicate both formally or informally with one another" (Zucalla 2006, 155), or even of a knowledge domain, as "a group with an antological base that reveals an underlying teleology, a set of common hypotheses, epistemological consensus on methodological approaches and social semantics" (Smiraglia 2012, 114). Our hypothesis is that the more specialized is a domain the more an author is considered as a subject herself/himself – or, sometimes, an specific approach to a subject, and a powerful subject point of access with "power to influence" (Wolfram 2016). © Ergon ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft


The nervous system maintains physiological homeostasis through neural reflex circuits that regulate organ function. A prototypical neural pathway is the inflammatory reflex, where action potentials originating in the cholinergic neurons residing in the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) and transmitted in the vagus nerve inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines. Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition leading to a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Vagotomy or inhibition of vagus nerve mediated signaling result in an enhanced severity of experimental pancreatitis, although the function of vagus nerve signaling and DMN neurons in regulating inflammatory response and severity of pancreatitis is not known. Here, we show that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and optogenetic stimulation of DMN cholinergic neurons improve disease severity in acute pancreatitis assessed by serum amylase. Vagus nerve stimulation using a bipolar nerve cuff electrode (2 minutes, 300 mA, square, biphasic pulse, 250 uS phases, 50 uS interphase, 10 Hz) decreases circulating amylase levels as compared to sham stimulated controls (VNS vs sham: 3270 mU/mL ± 192.5 vs 4138 mU/mL ± 307.6, p = 0.0219; n = 10; mean ± S.E.M.). To selectively activate the cholinergic neurons in the DMN, we utilized ChAT‐ChR2 transgenic mice that express the photoreactive ion channel, channel rhodopsin (ChR2), on cholinergic neurons, rendering them sensitive to 473 nm light. Selective optogenetic activation of DMN cholinergic neurons (5 minutes, 20 Hz, 25% duty cycle, 8‐12 mW total power) significantly decreases circulating levels of amylase as compared to sham‐stimulated controls (DMN vs sham stimulation: 2940 mU/mL ± 170.9 vs. 4043 mU/mL ± 264.4, p = 0.0074; n = 10 mice/group). Together, these results indicate activation of the inflammatory reflex, by stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve or DMN cholinergic neurons, is sufficient to attenuate the severity of caerulein‐induced pancreatitis.


Forming generalizations from previous experiences is a complex skill, which requires a delicate coordination between several basic cognitive abilities. In menacing situations, this ability is called "fear generalization". It allows humans to predict harmful events and is necessary for survival. Impairments of this ability may lead to overgeneralizations – a phenomenon we know from anxiety disorders. By and large, fear generalization has been studied with one type of experimental paradigm. Stimuli forming a carefully controlled perceptual similarity gradient have been the basis to quantify behavioral and neuronal "fear generalization profiles". This paradigm has provided fruitful insights into how learnt fear generalizes to perceptually similar events. Yet, a number of findings suggest that fear generalization is more adaptive than predicted by a mechanism which is solely based on perceptual similarity. This is a proposal that aims to bring new perspectives onto fear generalization as a complex, adaptive process. I will investigate the following major hypotheses: (1) Fear generalization can be understood as the optimal result of a Bayesian inference problem. (2) In real-world conditions, fear generalization builds on conceptual knowledge rather than perceptual similarity alone. (3) Brain structures involved in fear generalization can be causally linked to modulate fear responses adaptively. To test these hypotheses, I propose use of tools including fMRI, EEG as well as intracranial electrical stimulation and LFP recordings in presurgical epilepsy patients. With the combination of these tools, the expected findings have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of fear generalization and anxiety disorders.


Community structure is another important characteristic besides small world and scare free property of complex networks.A bounded confidence consensus emergency model with community structure was established.After simulation using Multi-Agent method,it is found that the final state of the consensus emergency of basic Deffuant model with community does not relate to community connectivity but depends on the threshold and it relates to community connectivity only when the communities have different opinion leaders.The content contributes to understanding the influence of community structure on opinion emergency.


The facial muscle complex responsible for auricle mobility in the recently described relict rodent Laonastes aenigmamus Jenkins et al., 2005 (Diatomyidae) was studied for the first time. The members of other high-level rodent taxa that could be closely related to this species according to various hypotheses were also included in the morphological analysis for comparative purposes: Ctenodactylus gundi (Ctenodactylomorphi: Ctenodactylidae) and Chinchilla lanigera (Hystricognathi: Chinchillidae). The results of the study demonstrated the origin of the m. cervico-occipitalis and the mm. cervico-auriculares on the occipital crest and the unusual structure of the m. platysma cervicale, all distinctive features of the examined muscle complex in Laonastes. In Laonastes and Ctenodactylus, a number of common characters in the structure of the auricle muscles were also observed: the topography, interaction and areas of the insertion of the m. interscutularis and the m. cervico-occipitalis; the two-layer condition of the mm. cervico-auriculares. The obtained results do not contradict the available morphological and molecular data supporting the close affinity between Diatomyidae and Ctenodactylidae.


9Cr-1Mo based steel (P91) has been chosen as a candidate material for structural components in Gen-IV nuclear reactors and ultra-supercritical power plants due to its excellent mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion. However, its use is limited at o temperatures above 550 C due to poor oxidation resistance. Improvement of oxidation resistance by increasing Cr content beyond 12 wt.% is not feasible because it leads to deterioration of mechanical properties. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the oxidation resistance of P91 steel by creating nano grains near surface using laser shock peening (LSP).


This paper presents the detection and classification of power quality disturbances using Hilbert Huang transform (HHT) and fuzzy decision tree (FDT). Simulation results of synthetically generated power quality events are used to check the efficiency of the proposed method. The signals are passed through the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the first three intrinsic mode function (IMF) are passed through Hilbert transform for features extraction. Based on these features, fuzzy rules are formed and classified. The performance evaluation section shows that the proposed method has better accuracy as compared to some other established techniques.


People with low vision have difficulty accomplishing visual tasks but the ability can be enhanced with the use of environment modifications. Visual skills: scanning, tracing and tracking, integrated with environmental cues can result in safer and more efficient orientation and mobility. This research aimed to optimize traffic signs for the low vision concerning shape with color in dim and bright environments, types of traffic sign carrying visual information, negative/positive presentations, backgrounds and distances. Three successive investigations were carried out. Firstly, the effect of dim (18.9 cd/m2)/ bright (255 cd/m2), 6 shapes with 4 colors and 6 distances (size of sample in degrees presented on retina) were examined in response to reaction time of correct answer viewed on the calibrated EIZO monitor by 10 normal color vision participants wearing 3 types of simulated low vision glasses: blurred vision (BV) with visual acuity (VA) of 0.06, occlusion vision (CV) with VA of 0.08 and narrow vision (NV) with 3 degrees of visual field. It was found that dim environment resulted in confusion of circular and octagonal shapes reflected in long reaction time when the subtended visual angle of the stimulus was less than 3.4 degrees for BV and CV. The triangular and the circular shapes show the lowest reaction time responded by BV, CV and NV respectively. Blue and green were confused in dim condition and red showed shortest reaction time. Secondly, two types of traffic information: pictogram-based and text-based were added to the triangular shape and circular shape, with 4 colors. These traffic signs along with 3 backgrounds, negative and positive presentations and 3 sizes of the subtended visual angle were tested in response to the accuracy and reaction time by 5 normal color vision participants wearing the same simulated low vision glasses as the 1st investigation. They viewed the stimulus on the calibrated EIZO monitor. It was found that BV and CV had similar trends; the BV was rather inferior in response to dependent variables in test. The text-based traffic signs were more comprehensive in short time than the pictogram-based ones for 3 types of the simulated low vision. The optimum distance for the BV and CV in recognizing the pictogram traffic signs accurately should not be longer than 6.7 m when viewed the sign size of 60 cm or the size of subtended visual angle should not be smaller than 5.2 degrees. The triangle traffic signs showed lower reaction time than the circle one for the BV and CV. The NV recognized the pictogram traffic sign accurately irrespective of distance in test. The optimum distance in recognizing the text traffic signs for the NV should be greater than 6.7 m and the circle was more effective. The negative/positive presentation and colors were not dominant factors contributing to reaction time. The combined effects of negative/positive and colors showed that blue/negative traffic sign significantly gave the lowest reaction time for the CV. However, blue gave the longest reaction time in the effective distance for the NV. The significant difference of reaction time is rather small of about 200–500 ms. The optimum factors were combined to design candidate traffic signs negative/blue/triangle for BV and CV and positive/yellow/circle for NV. Finally, the candidate traffic signs were assessed in comparison with the current ones by 15 normal color vision participants wearing the 3 types of simulated low vision glasses at 3 simulated distances. It was found that 2 pictogram and 1 text candidates out of 6 for BV and CV showed higher accuracy than the current traffic signs. The candidates for the NV gave the same performance as the current ones.


Salinity is one of the major constraints limiting the yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Tunisia especially local barley. During 2010, a total of one hundred and twenty accessions collected from four regions were evaluated in a field conditions in two contrasting environments; rain fed and irrigated with high water salinity respectively using an augmented design model. In rain fed conditions, PCA discriminate the local barley according to their end use; Souihli and Arbi landraces as fodder barley and Ardhaoui landraces as food and feed. In salinity conditions, Ardhaoui population originally collected from low altitude (Zarzis, Medenine and Ben Guerden) is a salt tolerant landrace and display differential mechanisms for salt tolerance. Zarzis and Medenine landraces displayed a high biomass and high seed number suggesting that tolerance is due to an efficient seed translocation. The Ben Guerden landrace displayed a high harvest index and early flowering date suggesting that the tolerance is due to maintenance of low floral abortion. These results are prerequisite for developing tolerant varieties by crossing the best accessions possessing a good biomass and high fertility with accessions showing a high harvest index.


Restraint systems and protection devices, referred to as safety devices in this paper, are widely used in automobiles and aircraft for crashworthiness and safety. While such safety devices are designed to isolate, attenuate, and control the impact to the occupants, their performance for crashworthiness and safety may be ineffective or even counterproductive under certain circumstances.


Keeping families housed seems a fundamental measure of a healthy society but we are clearly failing the test. Of all the causes of family homelessness, family and domestic violence (FDV) is the major contributor, although its intersection with other forms of disadvantage should not be ignored and requires greater understanding.


Strained-Si channel transistors offer significant perforrnance enhancement. However, most designs based on bulk-Si subsfrates utilize thick SiGe buffer layers or complex multi-layer structures for the intoduction of tensile strain in the Si channel and might not be easily or economically integrated into a conventional cMos process t1]. Various methods to irnplement sfiained-Si subsfrates based on silicon-on-insulator (SOf wafers have also been demonstated [2]-[3], but they suffer from an inherent high cost and process corrplexity. In this paper, we present a new, inexpensive, and manufactuable strained-Si substrate technology based on bulk-Si subsfiate, and demonstrate significant enhancement in fransistor perfonnance.


Pure BaTiO3 ceramics with various grain sizes were prepared by a conventional sintering method, a two-step sintering method, and a rate-controlled two-step sintering method. The permittivity of the ceramics increased with decreasing grain size when the grain size was more than 1.1 µm, while that decreased when the grain size was below 1 µm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observations revealed that most of the domains in BaTiO3 grains had simple lamellar structures, and 90° domain width decreased with decreasing grain size. By ultrawide range dielectric spectroscopy, the domain contribution to the permittivity was investigated. For the BaTiO3 ceramics with grain sizes over 1 µm, the dipole and ionic polarizabilities were enhanced by the high domain density. In contrast, for the BaTiO3 ceramics with grain sizes below 1 µm, these polarizabilities were weakened.


The aim of this study was to determined the effect of lemongrass powder as a natural antibiotic against intake and digestibility of DM, OM, CP and TDN in females Kacang goat fed  Hay Kume Grass and lemongrass powder as a antibiotics with different levels. This research was used 4 female kacang goats with 6-10 months old and initial body weight of 10 Kg.  Experiment research method was used with latin square design 4x4 as  reseach design. The  treatments, i.e. 70% hay + 30% concentrate + lemongrass powder  with different levels, 70% hay kume grass + 30% concentrate + S0, S0 + 10gr lemongrass powder = S10; S0 + 20gr lemongrass powder = S20; S0 + 30gr lemongrass powder = S30; Data was analysed used anova and the data showed significant was tasted with Duncan. The measured variabels consist of intake and digestibility dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrient. Average of intake dry matter S0 (299,248 gram); S10 (301,789 gram); S20 (317,311 gram); S30 (310,310 gram); organic matter S0 (245,376 gram); S10 (247,556 gram); S20 (260,508 gram); S30 (254,770 gram); crude of protein S0 (23,850 gram); S10 (24,084 gram); S20 (25,039 gram); S30 (24,742 gram); TDN S0 (64,976 %); S10 (63,910 %); S20 (60,408 %); S30 (62,932 %); and digestibility of DM S0 (70,919 %) S10 (70,848 %); S20 (66,365 %); S30 (69,306 %); OM S0 (73,223 %); S10 (72,646 %); S20 (68,328 %); S30 (71,274 %); CP S0 (87,102 %); S10 (93,154 %); S20 (78,864 %); S30 (87,662 %);.  The results showed that the lemongrass powder with different levels do  not significantly different (P> 0.05) on intake and digestibility of DM, OM,  CP and TDN but significantly different (P <0.05) to digestibility CP.  The conclusion of this research was additional lemongrass powder with different levels of intake and digestibility has the same value of female Kacang Goats.


Abstract At monthly and annual timescales, the zonally asymmetric circulation over the Southern Ocean is dominated by two quasi-stationary anticyclones: a western anticyclone approximately located south of New Zealand, and an eastern anticyclone located over the Drake Passage region. In this research their influence on late 20th century Antarctic sea ice is explored. During early winter, sea ice in the Weddell, Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas is influenced by the location of the east anticyclone. During late winter, the strength and location of the west anticyclone influences sea ice primarily in the Ross and Amundsen seas. The anticyclones have some effect on wind-driven sea ice motion, but the primary mechanism explaining their link to sea ice appears to be meridional atmospheric thermal advection. A western shift in the west anticyclone may be partly responsible for observed increases in ice cover in the Ross Sea over the late 20th century, but there is little evidence in existing data to support a link between the east anticyclone and observed sea ice trends.


This work reports on the fabrication of Schottky barrier based Mg-doped (In,Ga)N layers for fluorescence applications. Mg acceptors are used in order to compensate surface and bulk donors that prevent the fabrication of Schottky contacts on unintentionally doped (In,Ga)N layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). Rectifying properties of the contacts exhibited a major improvement when (In,Ga)N : Mg was used. The electrical and optical measurements of the layers showed a hole concentration of up to 3 × 1019 holes cm−3 with a Mg acceptor activation energy of ∼60 meV. Back-illuminated photodiodes fabricated on 800 nm thick Mg-doped In0.18Ga0.82N layers exhibited a band pass photo-response with a rejection ratio >102 between 420 and 470 nm and peak responsivities of 87 mA W−1 at ∼470 nm. The suitability of these photodiodes for fluorescence measurements was demonstrated.


Communities are networks of interpersonal ties that provide sociability, support, information, a sense of belonging, and social identity. Well into the 20th century, communities were equated with neighborhoods---bounded groups of people living near each other. This neighborhood-centered view of community made only partial sense because people have always had long-distance community ties either by traveling themselves or through connections with soldiers, artisans, peddlers, traders, marriage partners, shepherds, and the rich.


PURPOSE:To improve the detecting accuracy of displacement in a month an a planimeter or the like. CONSTITUTION:The surface of a magnetic ball 1' is divided into eight sections of a solid triangle at a solid angle of 90 deg. with two points in the diametral direction as the center, and each of eight poles 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B, where a magnetic field of N pole or S pole is generated, is made contact with respective sections under pressure. The magnetic field of N or S pole is generated so as to each section comes to polarity different from an adjacent section, through which each section is magnetized to the N or S pole.


Combining the techniques of thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and mass spectrometry, we unambiguously identified the trace metals Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Mn, Co, and Mg in the brain of a female human who had no evidence of any pathologic disease in the central neveous system, and in brains from mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit. These trace metals were also found in anatomic regions of human brain: cortex (gray), cortex (white), caudate nucleus, putamen, hippocampus, and thalamus, and in anatomic regions of rat brain: hypothalamus, cerebellum, stem striatum, and "the rest." The metals were characterized from the color and Rf values of their tetraphenylporphyrin chelates on TLC and from the mass and pattern of molecule ion cluster of the mass spectrum. The unexpected presence of lead in the brain is discussed.


Over the recent years, finding evidence about motor skills of prepubertal children focuses on the searching and explication of the interaction of motor fitness, motor competences and cognitive development of students. This issue is highly topical due to the fact that coordination abilities play an important role in preventing, or moderating the so-called negative trajectory. One of the research objectives is to verify the possibility of using physical activities in order to develop motor abilities in intact (groups formed according to Body mass index) and integrated children with behavior disorders. The state and changes in motor skills of children will be determined using standardized test of coordination abilities Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) (Schilling, Kiphard, 2007). To determine behavior changes for the purposes of monitoring the progress of students' behavior and in the research context also for the purposes of determining the educational effects, we will apply the NICHQ rating scale, using which we will determine the effects of work with children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).


Overlapping or convergent stress-activated molecular pathways exist to coordinate cell fate in response to stimuli such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and unfolded proteins. Cells can remodel the splicing and translation machineries to mount a specialized gene expression response to certain stresses. Here, we show that hypoxic human cells in 2D and 3D culture models increase the relative abundance by 1.7- to 2.6-fold and 4.7- to 11.5-fold, respectively, of a longer mRNA variant of ribosomal protein S24 (RPS24L) compared to a shorter mRNA variant (RPS24S) by favoring the inclusion of a 22 bp cassette exon. Mechanistically, RPS24L and RPS24S are induced and repressed, respectively, by distinct parallel pathways in hypoxia: RPS24L is induced in an autophagy-dependent manner, while RPS24S is reduced by mTORC1 repression and in a HIF-dependent manner. RPS24L is a more stable mRNA in hypoxia and produces a more stable protein isoform compared to RPS24S. Cells overexpressing RPS24L display improved survival and growth in hypoxia relative to control cells and cells overexpressing RPS24S, which display impaired survival. Previous work from our group showed a correlation between RPS24L levels and tumor hypoxia in prostate cancer. These data highlight RPS24L as a stress-induced alternative splicing event that favors hypoxic cell survival, which could be exploited by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment.


We consider a one-dimensional (1D) wire along which single conduction electrons can propagate in the presence of two spin-1/2 magnetic impurities. The electron may be scattered by each impurity via a contact-exchange interaction and thus a spin-flip generally occurs at each scattering event. Adopting a quantum waveguide theory approach, we derive the stationary states of the system at all orders in the electron–impurity exchange coupling constant. This allows us to investigate electron transmission for arbitrary initial states of the two impurity spins. We show that for suitable electron wave vectors, the triplet and singlet maximally entangled spin states of the impurities can respectively largely inhibit the electron transport or make the wire completely transparent for any electron spin state. In the latter case, a resonance condition can always be found, representing an anomalous behaviour compared to typical decoherence induced by magnetic impurities. We provide an explanation for these phenomena in terms of the Hamiltonian symmetries. Finally, a scheme to generate maximally entangled spin states of the two impurities via electron scattering is proposed.


Measurements of surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) attenuation coefficient alpha dependence from temperature T for platinum have been made. The SEW excitation was produced by CO2 laser radiation ( lambda = 10.6 mum) on diffraction grating, when first, diffraction order propagation direction was along the platinum mirror surface. In the temperature range 20-100 degC the attenuation coefficient derivative beta = dalpha/dT = (18plusmn2)times10-4 cm -10C-1 was obtained. From these measurements the platinum absorptivity A temperature derivative dA/dT = 2.7times10-50C-1 was obtained. Together with SEW excitation an excitation of near surface bulk wave (NSBW), propagating from diffraction grating at the grazing angle 2.5deg to mirror surface, was observed. It was shown that the NSBW was caused by laser radiation divergence


The Eurasian wheat belt (EWB) spans a region across Eastern Ukraine, Southern Russia, and Northern Kazakhstan; accounting for nearly 15% of global wheat production. We assessed land surface conditions across the EWB during the early growing season (April–May–June; AMJ) leading up to the 2010 Russian heat wave, and over a longer-term period from 2000 to 2010. A substantial reduction in early season values of the normalized difference vegetation index occurred prior to the Russian heat wave, continuing a decadal decline in early season primary production in the region. In 2010, an anomalously cold winter followed by an abrupt shift to a warmer-than-normal early growing season was consistent with a persistently negative phase of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Regression analyses showed that early season vegetation productivity in the EWB is a function of both the winter (December–January–February; DJF) and AMJ phases of the NAO. Land surface anomalies preceding the heat wave were thus consistent with highly negative values of both the DJF NAO and AMJ NAO in 2010.


his investigation of reflexes composing reflex micturition" in the cat, found that " active contraction of the bladder " was caused either by distending the bladder " or by slightly moving the catheter in and out in the direction of the urethra its


Echolocation bat is a kind of very good model animal for hearing research. The dominant frequency in echolocation call emitted by bats during the echolocation bears some correlation with their morphological and anatomical features in the body size, vocal organs and hearing organs. This review summarized the correlation between these features and the dominant frequency of the echolocation call.


The utility model discloses a buffering device for buffering a body of a medical ambulance. The buffering device comprises a bottom supporting plate, a flat supporting plate and elastic components, wherein the bottom supporting plate is fixed onto a bottom plate, the flat supporting plate is fixed onto a flat plate, and the elastic components are mounted at corners between the two supporting plates. The buffering anti-vibration device is arranged in six interlayer spaces formed between two compartment plates, and optional elastic components in the opposite interlayer spaces are positioned on the same imaginary plane passing through the gravity center of the bottom compartment plate. The buffering anti-vibration device for the medical ambulance overcomes the technical defect that an existing ambulance is easy to bump during running and inconvenient for performing a surgery. Multi-directional anti-vibration effects can be achieved, the surgery performed inside the running ambulance is benefited, and secondary injury in transporting the severely wounded through the ambulance is decreased.


This article attempts to answer two questions based on the case of Ukraine in 2004: What are the triggers, patterns and trajectories of the mass-mobilisation of 'ordinary' citizens? I argue that mass-mobilisation of 'ordinary' citizens is triggered by the breaking of a collective threshold of political patience after the government has infringed upon civic rights en masse.The findings of this paper are based in a comparative study of mass mobilization in Argentina in 2001 and Ukraine in 2004 and the Ukrainian case is under- stood to be a example of how 'ordinary' citizens in 'new' democracies (regardless of region or country) view their political rights and engagement. The argument presented is that [be they Argentines (2001), Georgians (2003), Ukrainians (2004), or most recently Tunisians (2010) or Egyptians (2011)] 'ordinary' citizens are rational political actors, who can articulate their protest participation using a rights based discourse. Based on intensive qualitative research, I conclude that 'ordinary' citizens' protest engagement is a calculated reaction to a long chain of processes including: a severe crisis environment, activist protest, opposition strength and cooperation, a weak and isolated government, and finally a mass infringement of civic rights. These processes take place simultaneously and in a compounding manner lead to a breaking of a collective threshold of political patience, a moment of no return when civic rights are abused en masse, making the mass-mobilisation of 'ordinary' citizens very likely.


Detecting targets with long distance and high resolution is the goal of radar techniques. Traditional electrical radar which has a long working distance always work at low frequency and thus has a limited bandwidth. We demonstrate a microwave photonic radar system which can realize larger bandwidth at low-frequency band based on optical-domain frequency operation. P-band and C-band radio-frequency (RF) signals with 700-MHz and 4-GHz bandwidths, respectively are generated, while the latter is adopted to detect space-separated corner reflectors to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.


Analysis and simulation of biodiesel synthesis from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil and methyl acetate using immobilised lipase enzyme in semi‐fluidised bed bioreactor has been performed in the present study. Versatile software package has been developed for the analysis of the performance characteristics of the semi‐fluidised bed bioreactor. The reliability of the software has been tested and verified by comparing with experimental data compiled on laboratory scale as well as on pilot plant scale. The dependence of reactor performance on different system/operating parameters such as feed flow rate, molar ratio of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil to methyl acetate, particle size has been analyzed and illustrated graphically. The specific advantages of this bioreactor for biodiesel synthesis have also been highlighted. Comparison has also been made between the performance of the bioreactor under consideration and that of fully fluidised bed bioreactor. As compared to fluidised bed bioreactor, bioreactor of semi‐fluidised configuration provides larger substrate conversion at larger feed flow rates but within a smaller reactor volume. An exclusive feature of this bioreactor is that unlike other industrial bioreactors, the fractional substrate conversion increases with increase in substrate flow rate. The operating cost of bioreactor of this kind shall however be higher. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1537–1545, 2017


In order to adapt to the constant improvement of the living standards of urban residents,a new type of agriculture has emerged in recent years.It embodies econmic,social and ecological functions.Based on the common features of urban agriculture,and taking Chongqing as an example,this paper presents the position and role in its urban agtricutural industuialization,its favorable conditions and existing problems,and puts forward a series of countermeasures for its agricultual industrialization


The increasing diversity and cultural variety in a social and educational level, display new requirements regarding education and the educational community. To enable the educator respond to a constantly changing, technologically developing society, which presents a new reality, a systematic continuous learning process has to be established from entering the profession to his/her retirement.
More than ever, training in our country is considered to be an important tool to solve long-lasting problems in education or a means to successfully introduce innovative measures and programs in schools. As far as the educators are concerned, training is one of the crucial demands of their sector since the early 80s.On the part of the Ministry of Education the new measures are always accompanied by numerous training fundings, whereas there is no project which does not dedicate a respectable part of its action and budget to training.
Up to present, the evaluation of training activities and efforts points out defects, weaknesses and problems. The relevant researches indicate the scholars' positive attitude towards a need for training, but at the same time question its quality and identify problems. The major one is the divergence between the real needs of educators and the applied programs having as a consequence the inefficiency of the training programs provided.
This thesis aspires to contribute to fulfilling this gap by investigating the Primary Education teachers' training needs, as related to the needs dictated by that particular position of the educator, as well as the qualifications that he/she must feature.
The research was performed during the first three months of school year 2016-2017 and more specifically in October 2016.The final sample of this research constitute 12 Primary Education teachers , who are employed in the 6th Primary School of Alimos belonging to the D' Primary Education Directorate. A questionnaire was used as a data collection device, which was made by the researcher and was based on a relevant bibliography.
According to the results of the survey the participating educators acknowledge the necessity and importance of training. The most popular training issues were the following: Use of computers in the Learning Process, Classroom Management, Pupil Conflict Management, Student Behavior Problems- Prevention and Dealing, as well as dealing with children with special needs.


Reaction of 2 equiv of 2-azidoethyl isocyanide and the tetraphosphine platinum(II) complexes [1a–c](X)2 (a, PR3 = PMe3; b, PR3 = PMe2Ph; c, PR3 = PMePh2) yielded via phosphine substitution and template-controlled cyclization of the isocyanide ligands the trans-di(NH,NH-NHC) complexes [2a–c](X)2. Treatment of [2c](PF6)2 with an additional 2 equiv of 2-azidoethyl isocyanide gave the tetracarbene complex [3](PF6)2, bearing four protic NH,NH-NHC ligands derived from a five-membered heterocycle. The same template synthesis utilizing 3-azidopropyl isocyanide and complex [1c](PF6)2 gave the dicarbene complex [5](PF6)2 and, after addition of 2 equiv more of 3-azidopropyl isocyanide, the tetracarbene complex [6](PF6)2 with four protic NH,NH-NHC ligands derived from a six-membered heterocycle. The intermediate trans-di(NH,NH-NHC) platinum(II) complex [5](PF6)2 also reacts with 2 equiv of 2-azidoethyl isocyanide to give the tetracarbene complex [7](PF6)2, bearing two five-membered-ring NHCs and two six-membered-ring...


There are described properties of hardening multi-functional silicate composite during its long-term dynamical loading in the paper. Studied composite was developed for special application in permanent way structure in Prague underground. Dynamic loading was carried out on the laboratory model, in which the composite was applied as a bench of the rail anchoring. Due to loading in early ages was also studied the option of steel fibers addition. Results obtained confirmed impressive potential for practical use during new tracks construction, and quick repairs as well, because of rapid evolution of mechanical properties and sufficient resistance to dynamic loading. Silicate composite with fibers addition had better mechanical properties, however significant improvement during dynamic loading was not recorded in comparison with the reference mixture without fibers. Generally, new composite material confirmed great potential for practical use in transportation industry.


A method for establishing words warehouse of electronic dictionary based on TOSHIBA' S T6B31 microprocessor was introduced. And then the Huffman algorithm and LZ series of algorithms and the implementation of compressing words warehouse of electronic dictionary with two kinds of algorithms were discussed. Finally, the results of compressing words warehouse of electronic dictionary were compared.


The present thesis is devoted to the dynamics of specific complex fluids. On the one hand we studythe dynamics of the so-called nematic liquid crystals, through the models proposed by Ericksen and Leslie, Beris and Edwards, Qian and Sheng.On the other hand we analyze the dynamics of a temperature-dependent complex fluid, whose dynamics is governed by the Boussinesq system.Nematic liquid crystals are materials exhibiting a state of matter between an ordinary fluid and a solid. In this thesis we are interested in studying the Cauchy problem associated to eachsystem modelling their hydrodynamics. At first, we establish some well-posedness results, such asexistence and uniqueness of global-in-time weak or classical solutions. Moreover we also analyzesome dynamical behaviours of these solutions, such as propagations of both higher and lowerregularities.The general framework for the initial data is that of Besov spaces, which extend the most widelyknown classes of Sobolev and Holder spaces.The Ericksen-Leslie system is studied in a simplified form proposed by F. Lin and C. Liu,which retains the main difficulties of the original one. We consider both a two-dimensional and athree-dimensional space-domain. We assume the density to be no constant, i.e. the inhomogeneouscase, moreover we allow it to present discontinuities along an interface so that we can describe amixture of liquid crystal materials with different densities. We prove the existence of global-in-timeweak solutions under smallness conditions on the initial data in critical homogeneous Besov spaces.These solutions are invariant under the scaling behaviour of the system. We also show that theuniqueness holds under a tiny extra-regularity for the initial data.The Beris-Edwards system is analyzed in a two-dimensional space-domain. We achieve existenceand uniqueness of global-in-time weak solutions when the initial data belongs to specific Sobolevspaces (without any smallness condition). The regularity of these functional spaces is suitable inorder to well define a weak solution. We achieve the uniqueness result through a specific analysis,controlling the norm of the difference between to weak solutions and performing a delicate doublelogarithmicestimate. Then, the uniqueness holds thanks to the Osgood lemma. We also achieve aresult about regularity propagation.The Qian-Sheng model is analyzed in a space-domain with dimension greater or equal than two.In this case, we emphasize some important characteristics of the system, especially the presence ofan inertial term, which generates significant difficulties. We perform the existence of a Lyapunovfunctional and the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions under a smallness condition forthe initial data.Finally we deal with the well-posedness of the Boussinesq system. We prove the existence ofglobal-in-time weak solutions when the space-domain has a dimension greater or equal than two.We deal with the case of a viscosity dependent on the temperature. The initial temperature is justsupposed to be bounded, while the initial velocity belongs to some critical Besov Space. The initialdata have a large vertical component while the horizontal components fulfil a specific smallnessconditions: they are exponentially smaller than the vertical component.


Tate reports the results of a four-state case study of policymaking for teacher education. State systems for governing teacher education, described as policy domains, have developed over the last fifteen years. The metaphor of the state system as a whale is used to encourage reflections about the past, present, and future of the politics of teacher educa tion.


A multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) is the most distinct and aggressive form of the MEN type 2 variants. We report a case of a 24-years-old woman with MEN2B. The patient had previously undergone a Duhamel's operation due to a megacolon at 6 years old, minor surgery to remove small tumors on the lip at 8 years old, and a bilateral osteotomy of the femur, due to coxa valga, at 15 years old. She underwent a total thyroidectomy and neck dissection, due to a growing thyroid nodule, despite thyroxine treatment, at 19 years old. The pathology revealed a medullary thyroid carcinoma. There was no history of MEN 2B in her family. She had prominent lips, multiple oral mucosal masses, and marfanoid habitus. During the subsequent follow-up, a positron emission tomogram was taken due to a persistently high level of serum calcitonin, despite repeated neck dissections, which revealed a mass in the right adrenal gland. Adrenomedullary function tests showed high levels of urinary catecholamine metabolites, and a genetic analysis of the peripheral leukocyte showed a codon 918 mutation (Met918Thr) at exon 16 of the RET proto-oncogene. The patient underwent a right adrenalectomy and the pathology revealed a pheoch-romocytoma.


While we have developed Integrated Optimization which consists of optimization method, modeling method and simulation technology in order to solve practical optimization problems, the high performance of Integrated Optimization has been confirmed through simulations using typical benchmark problems. In this paper, Integrated Optimization with constraints is newly developed and applied to optimal design of magnetic pole shape of a surface motor. Furthermore, we design a magnetic pole shape of a surface motor by using Integrated Optimization with constraints in order to aim at a practical design, and compare the pole shape designed by the developed approach with that by an expert.


This investigation was performed to determine the method of operation necessary to recover high purity terpene chemicals from crude sulfate turpentine. The terpenes to be recovered were alpha-pinene and delta-3-carene and the purity was 95% for each of the compounds. The separation of alpha-pinene and delta-3-carene from the turpentine produced by Waldorf-Roerner Paper Products Company of Missoula, Montana was performed in distillation columns of 24, 36 and 45 theoretical plates. Only the 45 theoretical plate column resulted in good recovery of both the alpha-pihene and the Delta-3-carene. The best distillation system was found to be a batch-steam distillation system, operating with a variable 'reflux ratio and a 45 theoretical plate column. With this system the average recovery of the available alpha-pinene is 80% and the average recovery of the available delta-3-carene is 30%. An economic analysis was performed on the average composition of the feed available from Waldorf-Hoerner. When 7000 gallons of turpentine are processed per week, there is an initial investment of $251,000, a. return on investment of 32% and a payout time of 2.37 years. RECOVERY OP ALPHA-PHkNE AND DELTA-?-CARENE FROM CRUDE SULFATE TURPENTINE


Urban development naturally aggravates flood damage, causing severe damage yearly. Preparation for flood damage is a part of urban planning, but it is not easy to establish clear mitigation measures in densely populated urban areas. This study analyzed the applicability of trunk drainage sewers as an alternative to installing abatement facilities, a typical structural measure for reducing flood damage in dense urban areas. The study areas included three areas in South Korea where flood damage had previously occurred, and the input parameters of the flood analysis model were calibrated based on the measured runoff, followed by testing with inundation traces. The results of three watersheds were qualitatively evaluated using the Lee Sallee Shape Index (LSSI) method. The applicability of the trunk drainage sewer system in the Gunja and Dowon watersheds were "Excellent" and "Good" in the Dorim watershed. The analysis results for each trunk drainage sewer condition indicated that the peak flow reduction was the greatest at 40% and 60% dimensionless upstream area ratio (DUAR) for 1000–5000 m3 and 10,000 m3, respectively. High hydrological applicability under the same rainfall conditions was demonstrated consequent to analyzing the applicability of the installation of a typical reduction facility and trunk drainage sewer.


The microstructure and interfacial fracture energy of silicon nitride/boron nitride fibrous monoliths, GammaBN, were determined as a function of starting silicon nitride composition and temperature using the method described by Charalambides. The glassy phase created by the sintering aids added to the silicon nitride cells was shown to migrate into the boron nitride cell boundaries during hot-pressing. The amount of glassy phase in the boron nitride cell boundaries was shown to strongly influence GammaBN at room temperature, increasing the fracture energy with increasing amounts of glass. Similar trends in the interfacial fracture energy as a function of temperature were demonstrated by both compositions of fibrous monoliths, with a large peak in GammaBN observed over a narrow temperature range. For silicon nitride cells densified with 6 wt% yttria and 2 wt% alumina, the room-temperature interfacial fracture energy was 37 J/m2, remaining constant through 950°C. A sharp increase in GammaBN, to 60 J/m2, was observed between 1000° and 1050°C. This increase was attributed to interactions of the crack tip with the glassy phase in the boron nitride cell boundary. Measurements at 1075°C indicated a marked decrease in GammaBN to 39 J/m2. The interfacial fracture energy decreased with increasing temperature in the 1200° to 1300°C regime, plateauing between 17 to 20 J/m2. A crack propagation model based on linkup of existing microcracks and peeling/cleaving boron nitride has been proposed.


From the last decade the harassment of the women was rapidly increased, which have drawn a considerable attention to protect them. The primary goal was to develop a device which is used to detect the harassment which they are facing. In this proposal we present a smart phone based wireless women harassment monitoring system called "Human safeguard" this can provide real time online information about psychological conditions and GPS locationof a victim during hazardous conditions. Our proposed system is designed to measure and monitor the Blood Pressure of the victim. In addition, the proposed system is able to send the alarming message about the victim's critical conditions by text reports to the nearby police station, their corresponding ones and to the nearby hospitals. By using the information contained in the form of text, the police department, Ambulance services and their corresponding one's can take necessary steps to protect them and Human safeguard can be useful to the patients who are suffering from the High/Low B.P. The system mainly consists of sensors, microcontroller and software by using this victim blood pressure is monitored and in necessary conditions the message will be sent.


This paper researches the optimization of inventory system with discrete time, single product and single period under uncertainty environment. The aim is to analyze the impact of the alterability of the initial storage, production batch, output and need on system optimal policy and optimum cost. According to random order, we put forwards the random comparison result of optimal inventory and optimum cost under single period environment. Finally, a case study is given to show the feasibility and operability of the method, which can provide basis for supply chain managers making effective decisions.


THE FACTORS INVOLVED WHEN ONE CONSIDERS WHETHER OR NOT THERE SHOULD BE A LAW REQUIRING TOP-SPEED-LIMITING DEVICES ON VEHICLES POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCING ACCIDENTS; (1) POSSIBLE PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT AND (2) TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY. IT WAS THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF THIS ANALYSIS TO DEAL ONLY WITH THE LATTER. THE MAJOR TASKS OF THIS PROGRAM WERE TO: DETERMINE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR TOP-SPEED-LIMITING DEVICES IN AREAS SUCH AS FUNCTION, ACCURACY RELIABILITY, AND TAMPER RESISTANCE; DETERMINE IF EXISTING SPEED CONTROL DEVICES COULD BE MODIFIED TO MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS OR IF A NEW DEVICE SHOULD BE DEVELOPED; DEFINE ANY NECESSARY MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR EXISTING DEVICES TO MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS OR DETERMINE IF DEVELOPMENT OF ADEQUATE NEW DEVICES WAS WITHIN THE STATE OF THE ART; DETERMINE THE OVERALL COSTS OF THE SELECTED SPEED LIMITING CONCEPTS, AND DEVELOP CRITERIA WHICH COULD BE USED IN WRITING A STANDARD FOR A TOP-SPEED-LIMITING DEVICE. IN ADDITION, A RANGE OF SECURITY REQUIREMENTS AND SECURITY CONCEPTS ARE DEFINED AND A NUMBER OF SOCIAL AND LEGAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TOP-SPEED-LIMITING ARE DESCRIBED. /AUTHOR/


Abstract This study investigates the emergence of (mor)phonological consonant clusters in L1 acquisition. Following the Strong Morphonotactic Hypothesis (SMH), distribution and preferability of word-medial consonant clusters in the corpus of three children acquiring Croatian were explored. VCCV and VCCCV clusters were extracted from the Croatian Corpus of Child Language. Subsequently, all word-medial clusters were tagged as exclusively phonotactic, exclusively morphonotactic, and ones that occurred in both contexts. The results partially corroborated SMH, strengthening the premise that morphological richness of a language moderates the interaction between morphology and phonology in early language acquisition. The data showed a clear predominance of morphonotactic clusters in one out of three subcorpus. Developmentally, an increase in all three cluster types was observed and generally all clusters were predominantly less preferred. Early emerging phonotactic clusters appeared to be mostly preferred, while the first morphonotactic clusters comprised less preferred combinations, with a gradual increase in preferability. Individual differences in cluster distribution and preferability blurred the role of the importance of morphonotactic information in L1 acquisition, suggesting that children employ different paths to acquire a language, but also suggesting that further exploration of this hypothesis in different languages and using different approaches is needed.


The present paper deals with linguistic politeness in Japanese. While giving an overview of the subject matter, this paper aims to raise attention to some theoretical issues necessary to be considered for pursuing the meaning of individual linguistic manipulation in discourse, particularly the style shift between formal and plain forms, in relation to culturally constructed norms in the society. The discussion is based on the assumption that the choice of a certain style among other alternatives manifests the speaker's recognition of his/her social position in relation to the other speech participants. It is suggested that style-shifting practiced in both written and spoken discourse can be studied as a key for the understanding of linguistic politeness in Japanese. Prior to the investigation of strategic use of Japanese polite forms surfaced in ongoing social interactions, the notion of various linguistic signs is discussed in this paper in terms of the two concepts being operative in discourse: "power and solidarity" (Brown and Gilman, 1972). Taking the dichotomy of in-group and out-group into consideration, style-shifting from one form to the other is characterized as an index to defi ne and redefi ne social relationships in a given speech context.


In recent years, small businesses oriented to the production of craft beers, which are all malt drinks derived by high quality raw materials according to traditional styles, have been established. In Italy, this so-called craft beer revolution is providing interesting developing opportunities also to the agri-food sector. Herein, the main features of such a phenomenon, with particular attention at agricultural craft breweries, are examined. Subsequently, the results of a study, which evidenced the differential elements between the different typologies of microbreweries, in terms of socioeconomic profile of producers, company structure, productive and commercial strategies, are reported.


In a phase-shifting interferometer, spatial non-uniformity of the phase modulation happens in such a case where an aspherical mirror is compared to the corresponding aspherical standard surface which is translated along the optical axis by a piezo electric transducer. The amount of phase shift is different from position to position across the observing aperture depending on the direction cosine of the testing surface. In another case, when the reference optical flat is translated by two or more piezo-electric transducers, we cannot ensure that the reference surface moves strictly parallel to the optical axis. When these transducers have different sensitivities, the phase modulation is not longer spatially uniform and varies across the observing aperture.


Objective:To measure the fluoride concentration in dental plaque and saliva following the use of Calcium in fluoride rinse and evaluate the significance to caries prevention.Method: Fluoride Ion-Specific Electrode was used to measure the fluoride concentrations in dental plaque and saliva in vitro two hours after 15 volunteers rinsing with 0.2% NaF and 0.2% NaF+2% CaCl2 rinse and compared the difference with baseline.Result: The results showed that, the fluoride concentration in dental plaque and saliva were higher significantly compared with baseline after fluoride rinsing 1 h and 2 h(P0.05), especially 0.2% NaF+2% CaCl2 rinse were more significantly(P0.05).Conclusion:Calcium in fluoride rinse can increase the fluoride levels in plaque and saliva, and long the time of affection of fluoride, and then may play a role in prevention of cariogenesis.


This little handbook contains a wonderful digest of information. It is edited by Mr. C. R. Hewitt, late Librarian of the Royal Society of Medicine, and Assistant Librarian, Royal College of Surgeons. Practically speaking, it is a medical " Whitaker's Almanac," replete with useful and miscellaneous information with regard to the medical profession in England, and a book of reference essential in every large medical library. Included within its covers are a diary of meetings of medical societies for 1925; a review of the present position of the profession of medicine, medical education and registration; an account of the London Hospitals and Schools, Metropolitan Hospitals, and a list of London consultants and specialists; an account of the Provincial Universities, Hospitals, specialists and con sultants; parliamentary and medico-legal news; information regarding the Royal Army Medical, and Naval Medical and other services; of medical and benevolent societies; of nursing associations, and of medical periodicals, works and pamphlets; together with an obituary for 1924. There can be few questions with reference to the medical profession in the British Isles which cannot be answered on reference to this very complete volume. It has a very complete index, and the general practitioner who wishes to answer any of many miscellaneous questions, from the selection of a consultant


This study will be focusing on several aspects such as the pattern of items distributions of adversities across youth categories, the pattern in reliability and separation index of the items and persons in measuring adversities across youth categories, the pattern in category probability curves across youth categories, and the pattern in item unidimensionality across youth categories. The research was provided empirical evidences on psychometric assessment of newly developed adversity measurement using modern psychometric theory. This information is valuable to expanding research on youth specifically in differentiating responses based on demographic profiles.


Introduction . The aim of our research was to optimize the number of young mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. 'Arumanis') fruits that could be maintained per panicle and to improve the criteria for the selection of fruit to be maintained in loco to allow a high yield to be achieved. Materials and methods . The factors investigated were the number of young fruits maintained per panicle (either 2, 4 or 6), while the criteria of young fruits to be maintained were: the number of biggest fruit, fruits attached at the base of the panicle, and fruits distributed evenly from the base to the top of the panicle. Results . Our study shows that maintaining six young fruits per panicle gave the highest weight of harvested mango fruits per plant (33 kg) and the lowest weight per fruit (466 g). Maintaining the biggest mango fruit on the panicle resulted in the highest weight per fruit (496 g). Conclusion . Increasing the number of young fruits maintained per panicle from 2 to 6 linearly increased the weight of fruits per plant, although it decreased the weight per fruit linearly.


We have shown by use of HRS spectroscopy that AgBr nanoparticles exhibit a first hyperpolarizability comparable to materials under consideration for optical technology applications. The technique enabled us to discover the unexpected quantitative conversion of AgBr into the Ag(TAI) complex on treating AgBr nanoparticles with TAI. This result suggests that TAI may function as a silver halide solvent under photographic conditions, with hitherto unconsidered consequences for grain architectural features of small radius. Results on dye adsorption demonstrate that HRS may be a powerful analytical tool for studying the adsorption of dyes on photographic silver halide grain surfaces. From the spectral dispersion of the HRS signals we can identify resonances with electronic transitions of the dyed and undyed particles. These transitions may also be important in their photophysics.


The Finite Element Method is a computationally expensive method used to perform engineering analyses. By performing such computations on a parallel machine using a SIMD paradigm, these analyses' run time can be drastically reduced. However, the mapping of the FEM mesh elements to the SIMD machine processing elements is an NP-complete problem. This thesis examines the use of Genetic Algorithms as a search technique to find quality solutions to the mapping problem. A hill climbing algorithm is compared to a traditional genetic algorithm, as well as a "messy" genetic algorithm. The results and comparative advantages of these approaches are discussed.


In this study is presented first report on a new methodology which determines adulterations with plants oils in White Bulgarian's cheese. Further investigations in other certified laboratories are required to confirm results and to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the method.


Pneumonia is the most common cause of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a potentially fatal lung disease characterized by hyperinflammation and endothelial barrier failure. Infectious and inflammatory stimuli can cause rapid downregulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and inhibition of CFTR has been proposed to increase lung microvascular endothelial permeability in vitro. Here, we identify loss of lung microvascular endothelial CFTR as important pathomechanism in lung barrier failure in pneumonia‐induced ARDS, delineate the molecular signaling pathway underlying this effect and identify CFTR potentiation as novel therapeutic strategy in ARDS.


The data are presented in Table 1. The data indicate the Arizona isolate resembles E. carotovora more than the others in its reaction in maltose and dextrin; its reaction to ethanol, however, is the same as E. atroseptica. The.plant inoculation studies indicated that our isolate did not coincide with E. carnegieana. These carbohydrate fermentation studies tended to support those observations. The Arizona isolate appears to be more similar to E. ariodeae in the physiological tests other than carbohydrate fermentations, particularly in the Voges -Proskauer reaction and in the production of gas and indole. E. chrysanthami seems to agree with our organism in its physiological characteristics, but some bacteriologists feel that E. chrysanthami should be considered as a formae specialis of E. atroseptica. The Arizona isolate is culturally close to E. chrysanthami but no more so than to E. atroseptica when all characteristics are considered. It thus appears to be an unusually virulent isolate of either E. ariodeae or E. atroseptica. It is of importance to point out that it reacts as E. ariodeae in gas production but as E. atroseptica in growth in 1% ethanol. These reactions are considered by some to be distinguishing characters between the two species.


FIELD: radio engineering. SUBSTANCE: base station send in turn signals through common channel via at least two antennas in first and second intervals. Mobile station evaluates time relation between common channel and user's channel switched by turns and measures power of received signals corresponding to first and second channels. Mobile station chooses antenna having higher power by comparison of power of signal corresponding to first interval with power of signal corresponding to second time interval and informs base station on chosen antenna. Base station transfers chosen channel through chosen antenna which is achievable technical result. EFFECT: improved reliability. 30 cl, 7 dwg


Load bearing assembly of the elevator (30) includes a jacket (34) having different portions, the different portions having different polymer composition. In the disclosed embodiment, a plurality of tension members (32) are at least partially surrounded by a first portion with a first polymer composition (36). A second portion (38), together defining a jacket (34) at least one outer surface (40), comprising a second polymer composition. In one example, the surface modification agent is added, changing at least part of the configuration of the jacket (34). In another example, to define different portions of the jacket (34) by coextrusion techniques using different polymer composition.


In recent years new high-intensity subpicosecond lasers allowed to investigate property of matter in ultrahigh electromagnetic fields. In this work the electron motion equations in field of three orthogonal standing waves is being solved. This solution was obtained by method of average Hamiltonian, when the electron velocity in laser field vE equals eE0/m(omega) is less than light velocity c ((omega) - laser frequency).


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of different forms of service supplier involvement on the service business dimensions necessary for servitisation and on the resulting servitisation performance.Design/methodology/approachThree different configurations of service supplier involvement are considered in this study: black box (service design and execution driven by the service supplier), grey box (joint service design) and white box (service design driven by the product firm). The study analyses their contribution by means of a cross-sectional quantitative survey with 104 Brazilian and Italian firms using multivariate analysis of variance.FindingsCompanies that adopted the grey box configuration presented the best results in servitisation. White and black box may offer different benefits depending on the service business dimension that the company chooses to emphasise.Originality/valueThe results show which type of service supplier involvement is more effective for servitisation. The empirical data demonstrate that a joint service design (grey box involvement) is the best approach, but the paper discusses limitations for its implementation and alternatives regarding the two other types of service supplier involvement. The findings contribute to the discussion on the role of service suppliers in servitisation and provide empirical evidence to support operations managers in deciding on how to organise their service supply chain when aiming for servitisation.


The focus of this study was to investigate whether Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) may assist the acquisition and assessment of essential soft skills in tourism higher education. Intercultural Competence was identified as an essential skill for tourism due to the cultural diversity of visitors and country/region visited. Biggs and Tang's (2011) notion of Constructive Alignment was used to define the outcomes, the learning activities, and the assessment tasks making up the learning intervention.
The interaction of the student participants with a blended learning environment provided the data required. Data was collected in two stages. In the first stage, through a focus group with the students, whereas in the second stage, interviews were used. Other stakeholders, academics, university IT services and employer representatives were interviewed separately to gain their views regarding the implementation of a blended learning environment.
The results indicate that both students and academics are insufficiently prepared to work within a blended learning environment, resulting in a rather negative attitude towards it. Academics also referred to the lack of training related to outcomes-based learning and constructive alignment. As a result, learning outcomes are viewed as an administrative control tool, rather than a way to facilitate student learning. This lack of confidence affects not only the participants' use, but also their trust in the other parties involved, including peers.
However, engagement with the blended learning environment improved students' trust, both in the blended learning environment itself and also in their peers, suggesting the need for a comprehensive training strategy.
Stakeholders must also be provided with the opportunities to network and exchange information. A framework that establishes confidence and improve trust is required. Intercultural competence may serve this role. It can help identify stakeholders' attitudes towards one another, increase communication, empathise, and ultimately facilitate constructive interaction between them. Future research may look into applying intercultural competence into blended learning development and staff training in this sense and any other educational initiative where different stakeholders may be involved.


Purpose: This article develops theoretical, algorithmic, perceptual, and interaction aspects of script legibility enhancement in the visible light spectrum for the purpose of scholarly editing of papyri texts. — Methods: Novel legibility enhancement algorithms based on color processing and visual illusions are proposed and compared to classic methods. A user experience experiment was carried out to evaluate the solutions and better understand the problem on an empirical basis. — Results: (1) The proposed methods outperformed the comparison methods. (2) The methods that most successfully enhanced script legibility were those that leverage human perception. (3) Users exhibited a broad behavioral spectrum of text-deciphering strategies, under the influence of factors such as personality and social conditioning, tasks and application domains, expertise level and image quality, and affordances of software, hardware, and interfaces. No single method satisfied all factor configurations. Therefore, using synergetically a range of enhancement methods and interaction modalities is suggested for optimal results and user satisfaction. (4) A paradigm of legibility enhancement for critical applications is outlined, comprising the following criteria: interpreting images skeptically; approaching enhancement as a system problem; considering all image structures as potential information; deriving interpretations from connections across distinct spatial locations; and making uncertainty and alternative interpretations explicit, both visually and numerically.


Using a recent result of Batson, Spielman and Srivastava, We obtain a tight estimate on the dimension of $\ell_p^n$, $p$ an even integer, needed to almost isometrically contain all $k$-dimensional subspaces of $L_p$.


Serum microRNA prognostic model and underlying immune alterations in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
 Abstract
 Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) have been investigated as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Translating these findings into clinical approaches should be validated by independent patient cohorts and a better understanding of underlying biology mechanism remains great interests.
 Methods: MiRNA microarray was performed on serum samples of 20 DLBCL patients at diagnosis, remission and at relapse. Subsequent real-time PCR validation of 504 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients was used to generate a serum prognostic model in predicting clinical outcomes. The mechanism of action of miR signature on tumor progression was further analyzed by whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing.
 Results: Four serum miRs (miR-21, miR-155, miR-130b and miR-28) were identified to predict relapse in a training cohort of 225 DLBCL patients and validated in a validation cohort of 279 DLBCL patients. Multivariate Cox regression models indicated that when the International Prognostic Index was controlled, this serum miR prognostic model was an independent prognostic factor in DLBCL. Moreover, mutations of transcription factors (TFs) were significantly correlated with these four miRs. Twenty lymphoma-associated TFs regulated at least one miR by transmiR v2.0 database and different genetic mutation burden was present between low-index and high-index of the model. Furthermore, RNA sequencing data manifested that the four-miR signature correlated with immune status of the DLBCL patients.
 Conclusions: An easy-to-use miR prognostic model was utilized to predict disease relapse and prognosis of DLBCL patients. The tumor-specific mutation burden and immune dysregulation potentially contribute to tumor progression in DLBCL.
 Key words: MicroRNAs, Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Prognosis, Signaling pathways.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


: How to link the observation points into stratigraphic boundaries according the "V"-shaped pattern rule on the digital topographic map in the computer-aided geological map-making system is a practical problem. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the mathematic model of this problem and by using the trend surface analysis in the multivariate statistical analysis this paper proposes a reliable method to draw the coordinates of the nodes of the boundaries pursuant to the"V"-shaped pattern rule.


The invention relates to a method for sintering ceramic molded articles which allows for the true dimensions of the articles. According to the inventive method, the material to be sintered is stored on non-metal covered support devices during sintering which automatically adjust themselves to the dimensional losses due to the shrinkage occurring during sintering or which allow a contactless storage of the molded articles.


This paper explores the representation of the house in the Latin American Contemporary Literature. The article identifies the importance – cultural, political and economic – of this space in the social and cultural imaginary of the 20-21st century. It examines what are the functions, forms and meanings of the house within the more important books in Latin America, from a triple approach: Hermeneutics (the house like place of Memory), Materialist (the house like ideological Object) and from a Gender perspective (the house like representation of Women).


Automatic fare collection clearing center(ACC) is the core of the automatic fare collection(AFC) system for rail transit,which is the base of the transportation network business.Having discussed the ACC system functions,the ACC system logical structures were provided in detail.The ACC system logical structure includes three parts,that is,core business,operational support and public service.The ACC system network architecture and software architecture is designed.So,its software architecture adopts three class mixed mode structures including B/S and C/S.


In Perú the necessity of facility projects such as gas line installation for residents has increased the demand for use of Hydraulic Hammers (HH) with Skid Steers due to the lower amount of investment needed in comparison to other packs of machinery and the versatility. The ability to interchange hydraulic hammers and buckets to complete the demolition and cleaning stages offers higher productivity than manual operations for contractors. For that reason, the virtual design software Inventor Professional was used to design a suitable adapter plate with adequate resistance and durability which has a direct impact on the structure of the hydraulic hammer and the hydraulic arm of the skid steers. Simultaneously, a basic animation was developed to explain the effect of the operation style over the hydraulic hammer and the adapter plate. Finally, for this development, the construction of an adapter plate as a fuse in the system was considered in case operators exceed the resistance capacity of the hydraulic hammer structure.


Abstract This study intended to optimize apigenin (APG) nanoparticle formulation prepared by planetary ball milling to enhance its dissolution rate and bioavailability using a design of experiment (DoE). In this study, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K30) was used as a nanoparticle stabilizer. The independent parameters of milling speed, milling ball size, and drug to solvent ratio were evaluated for their impacts on APG nanoparticles concerning the nanoparticle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), and drug dissolution efficiency after 60 min, notated as % DE60 (Y3). The milling ball size showed a significant antagonistic effect (P = 0.0210) on the size of APG nanoparticles, while milling speed had an agonistic effect on the zeta potential values of drug nanoparticles, ranging from low to medium speed levels. In addition, ANOVA analysis indicated that the effect of the drug-to-solvent ratio on the % DE60 of APG from the nanoparticle formulations was antagonistically significant (P = 0.015), and the quadratic effect of milling speed (AA) also had a significant antagonistic effect (P = 0.025) on the % DE60. Risk assessment analytical tools revealed that milling ball size and milling speed significantly affect the nanoparticle size. The drug/solvent ratio exerted a strong impact on % DE60. Furthermore, the maximum plasma concentration (C max) of the optimized APG nanoparticle formula increased by four folds. In addition, AUC0–t (ng·mL−1·h−1) for APG nanoparticle (353.7 ± 185.3 ng·mL−1·h−1) was higher than that noticed in the case of the untreated drug (149 ± 137.5 ng·mL−1·h−1) by more than two folds.


Results of calculation of the holes effective masses values in a 3D GaAs monocrystal in a quantizing magnetic field are presented, the masses were evaluated using perturbation theory in the proximity of the point kz= 0 for the magnetic field oriented along [001] crystallographic direction. The masses were calculated for the Landau levels (n = 0–6). The condition for application of the considered holes effective mass spectrum for thin monocrystalline films is formulated.


Modelling uncertainty arising from input-dependent label noise is an increasingly important problem. A state-of-the-art approach for classification places a normal distribution over the softmax logits, where the mean and variance of this distribution are learned deep functions of the inputs [19]. This approach has impressive empirical performance but lacks theoretical justification. We argue that the softmax should be viewed as a smooth approximation (controlled by a temperature parameter) to an argmax in the true data generation process. Under this view, we establish a general framework for modeling input-dependent label noise with deep classifiers, whereby the state-of-the-art method [19] becomes a special case corresponding to the temperature being set to 1.0. We illustrate that the softmax temperature controls a bias-variance trade-off for the approximation and the optimal point on this trade-off is not always found at 1.0. By tuning the softmax temperature, we improve performance on image classification benchmarks with controlled label noise. For image segmentation, where input-dependent label noise naturally arises, tuning the temperature increases the mean IoU on the PASCAL VOC and Cityscapes datasets by more than 1% over the state-of-the-art model.


How to get knowledge about system's faults and construct the structure of fault tree automatically are key problems.By applying rough set theory to fault diagnosis of fault tree,looking for logical relationship of the various fault source signal and constucting fault-tree model,acquiring and streamlining the fault knowledge is extracted from samples by rough set.The fault study analysis showed that the combination of fault tree and rough set theory for fault diagnosis can effectively compress fault feature space and achieve fast and accurate fault reasoning.


The present invention provides an electronic apparatus and method for determining multiple touch instruction window, mainly generated on the touch screen of the electronic device having a plurality of window title bar, and perform the following steps: determining whether the window's title bar Occurrence touch point, the touch point occurs when the title bar, it is then determined whether there is a specific touch operation, when the specific touch action occurs, a window adjustment instruction is executed; whereby intuitive gesture facilitate adjustment window.


case should be small, 2 c.c. or 3 c.c. was sufficient. Because of the risk, he (Dr. Symonds) would not perform luimbar puncture in any case in which the diagnosis could be settled without it. That procedure should be reserved for cases in which there was doubt; in such cases it might afford just the information one was seeking. In none of his (the speaker's) three cases of non-suppurative encephalitis had a leucocyte count been made, but in Adson's three cases a polymorphonuclear leucocytosis had been found such as would be expected in cerebral abscess, and therefore it was not a differentiating point. Sir William Milligan had said that the symptoms in cases of so-called pseudo-brain abscess might be due to serous meningitis, but what he (the speaker) thought was that a collection of fluid on the surface sufficiently large to cause those symptoms must also be sufficiently large to be readily detectable at operation; and in the two cases of his own which were operated upon, and in Adson's cases, no such collection had been found. It took a large collection of fluid on the brain to cause aphasia, extensor plantar response on the opposite side and swelling of the optic discs. Further, in one case there had been involvement of the optic radiation, which could not have been caused by a superficial lesion. That was why he (Dr. Symonds) suggested the alternative explanation that these were cases of nonsuppurative inflammation, something which never reached a breaking-down stage. He did not feel satisfied about this as a pathological proposition, because it did not take place in the ordinary way within the body. But it occurred in the skin, and an analogous instance could be found in ameebic hepatitis which often cleared up without any evacuation of pus. Care should be taken in following up these cases. A patient might have a small brain abscess with a surrounding area of encephalitis, which might cause symptoms and signs, and as the abscess became more shut off the physical signs would diminish, though the abscess remained. Such an abscess might cause further symptoms, even after an interval of three years, as in a gunshot wound case of his own. He had purposely not dealt with the atypical varieties of brain abscess, partly because he had not had much experience of them. He had seen one case of anterior temporal abscess with uncinate attacks, and two or three cases in which an abscess of the anteroinferior surface of the cerebellum was present without any of the inco-ordination of the limnbs usually found in a deeply situiated abscess of the lateral lobe.


In October 1994 the Audit Commission published it's fifth triennial survey on the extent of computer fraud and abuse. Entitled "Opportunity makes a thief - an analysis of computer abuse". It makes disturbing reading. The survey was compiled from over 1000 responses to 5500 questionnaires distributed to a broad range of organizations covering both the public and private sectors. The Audit Commission is a British commission which is responsible for the statutory external audit of local authorities and water authorities in England and Wales.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of partial fuzzy metric on a nonempty set $X$ and give the topological structure and some properties of partial fuzzy metric space. Then some fixed point results are provided.


Objective:To explore the effects and mechanisms of Additional Si-miao Decoction on gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia in animal models.Methods:Mice were given uric acid ip or yeast extract ig to establish hyperuricemic model,serum uric acid levels were detected.Rat hyperuricemic models were made by orally administering yeast extract,uric acid in serum or urine was detected.Rat acute gouty arthritis model were established by MSU intraarticular injection,the joint swell degree,TNF-α and PGE_2 in synovia were also measured.Results:Additional Si-miao Decoction 24 g·kg~(-1) and 12 g·kg~(-1) ig could significantly reduce the serum uric acid level in hyperuricemic mice,meanwhile,12 g·kg~(-1) and 6 g·kg~(-1) ig could significantly reduce the serum uric acid level in hyperuricemic rat,together with increasing 24 hrs uric acid excretion.Additional Si-miao Decoction 12 g·kg~(-1) and,6 g·kg~(-1) ig could obviously restrain the joint swelling degree in the gouty arthritis model rat and improve their gait accordingly.TNF-α and PGE_2 levels in the gouty arthritis model rat were also decreased significantly after administration.Conclusions:Additional Si-miao Decoction could obviously ameliorate symptoms of hyperuricacidemia and gouty arthritis.Mechanisms of its effects may consist in accelerating the uric acid excretion and restraining the synthesis of TNF-α,PGE_2 in joint.


Background: Non-adherence or early discontinuation from systemic adjuvant therapy is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence and mortality. In the phase 3 ExteNET trial, neratinib (NERLYNX®), an oral irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly improved invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) when given for 12 months in patients with early-stage HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer after trastuzumab-based therapy. Anti-diarrheal prophylaxis was not mandated by protocol and 17% of patients discontinued neratinib early because of diarrhea. Improved iDFS, distant disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS) have since been reported in patients who completed the planned duration of neratinib therapy compared with all randomized patients [ASCO 2021]. Here we assess central nervous system disease-free survival (CNS-DFS) in 3 discrete groups of patients who completed planned therapy with neratinib in ExteNET: intent-to-treat (ITT) population; patients with hormone receptor-positive disease who initiated neratinib within 1 year after prior trastuzumab (HR+/≤1 year, the population for which neratinib is approved in the EU); and HR+/≤1 year with residual disease post-neoadjuvant therapy (i.e. no pathologic complete response [pCR]). Methods: Patients with early-stage HER2+ breast cancer received oral neratinib 240 mg/day or placebo after trastuzumab-based (neo)adjuvant therapy for 12 months. Patients who completed neratinib therapy (defined as treatment duration ≥11 months or cessation of neratinib if recurrence occurred prior to 11 months) were compared with placebo (all randomized patients). CNS-DFS was defined as time from randomization to any CNS recurrence or death from any cause (exploratory endpoint). Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate CNS-DFS and OS rates. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for neratinib versus placebo were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Data cutoffs: March 2017 (CNS-DFS); July 2019 (OS); median follow-up 8.0 (range 0-9.8) years. Results: 2840 patients were included in the ITT population (1420 per group). Among patients who completed neratinib therapy, CNS-DFS was improved versus placebo in each of the 3 patient groups (see Table). For CNS-DFS, the magnitude of effect of neratinib versus placebo was consistently greater in patients who completed neratinib therapy than in the corresponding overall randomized patient group: ITT HR, 0.70 vs 0.73; HR+/≤1 year HR, 0.27 vs 0.41; HR+/≤ 1 year no pCR HR: 0.16 vs 0.24, respectively.
 Conclusions: These descriptive findings suggest that, in addition to improved OS, patients who receive the recommended 12-month course of neratinib may have improved CNS outcomes. A dose-escalation strategy, which was shown to improve the tolerability of neratinib, decrease the proportion of patients who discontinue treatment due to diarrhea (3.3%), and allow more patients to stay on treatment for 11 months or longer in the CONTROL trial (NCT02400476) compared with ExteNET, may help to realize these benefits in the real-world setting.
 Table: CNS-DFS and OS in patients who completed planned therapy with neratinib (ITT, HR+/≤1 year and HR+/≤1 year no pCR)NCNS-DFS rate (5 years)OS rateaPopulation/group NeratinibPlaceboDifference, %bHR (95% CI)Difference, %bHR (95% CI)ITT14201420+1.10.73 (0.45-1.17)-0.10.95 (0.75-1.21)cCompleted therapyd8721420+1.20.70 (0.40-1.19)+2.00.78 (0.58-1.04)HR+/≤1 yeare670664+2.70.41 (0.18-0.85)+2.10.79 (0.55-1.13)Completed therapyd402664+3.20.27 (0.08-0.69)+5.80.49 (0.29-0.78)HR+/≤1 yearb no pCRf131164+6.40.24 (0.04-0.92)+9.10.47 (0.23-0.92)Completed therapyd92164+6.90.16 (0.01-0.81)+13.20.29 (0.10-0.68)aOS analysis after a median follow-up of 8.0 (range 0-9.8) years; bDifference (neratinib vs placebo); cStratified by randomization stratification factors; dDefined as ≥11 months of therapy or ended treatment due to disease recurrence (neratinib arm), and all randomized subjects (placebo arm); eHR+ and ≤1 year after prior trastuzumab; fResidual disease post-neoadjuvant therapy. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CNS-DFS, central nervous system disease-free survival; HR, hazard ratio; HR+, hormone receptor-positive; OS, overall survival; pCR, pathologic complete response.
 Citation Format: Frankie Ann Holmes, Debra Patt, Yvonne Manalo, Julie C Smith, Steven W Papish, Noa Efrat, Ana Arance, Bo Zhang, Deepa Lalla, Alvin Wong, Miguel Martin. Improved central nervous system outcomes in patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer who receive neratinib for the recommended duration: Findings from the phase 3 ExteNET trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-21.


Caves play an important role in tourist sightseeing. Some of them are eagerly visited by tourists due to the beautiful speleothems, the opportunity to see bats, the charm of underground passages and the aura of mystery. From the academic point of view, a particularly important element of caves is their deposits – the series of clastic sediments filling a cave cavity. They constitute an important source of information about the history and prehistory of human settlement in caves and their surroundings, and also the history of fauna and flora, the geological processes responsible for the accumulation of sediments and climate change. In this study, an evaluation of the importance of cave deposits to cave tourism is attempted, whether the Polish term "namulisko" (cave deposits) itself or the idea it expresses, is known in the public, and also how cave deposits are perceived by tourists, if at all, and which aspects are known. There was an attempt at recognition of this among tourists in the context of their general knowledge about caves. The research was carried out using anonymous questionnaires distributed among various social groups such as school and university students, teachers and tourists.


Abstract : TxP was created by NAVAIR to help non-software teams define their own customized team processes, similar to the TSP process enjoyed by software teams. It takes time for a team to define a customized team process, and during this time, postmortem analysis needs to evolve as the team's customized process evolves. These postmortems will give the team the insight required to see where it has improved, and where it needs to focus its future improvement efforts on its way to standing up its customized team process.


Backround: Patients (pts.) with resistant hypertension have been characterized by increased sympathetic nerve activity when compared to normotensive subjects. Before the introduction of modern antihypertensive drugs patients have been treated with surgical lumbal sympathectomy. However, this procedure was linked with severe side effects such as severe orthostatic dysregulation. Recently, catheter-based bilateral renal denervation (RDN) of sympathetic nerve fibres has been shown to significantly lower blood pressure (BP). However, the effect of RDN on orthostatic blood pressure regulation is not known.

Methods: 9 pts. were selected according to the SIMPLICITY criteria and treated with RDN. Follow-up included baseline values and measurements at 3 and 6 months. Office BP was measured with OmeronTM. A Schellong test was performed at baseline, 3 and 6 month after RDN. After being in relaxed supine position for 10 min. BP and heart rate (HR) was measured every 2 minutes. BP and HR were then measured in an upright position over ten min. and after returning into a supine positon.

Results: The baseline mean office SBP/DBP was 176/89 mmHg (SEM 5/6 mmHg), after 6 month 141/80 mmHg (SEM 6/4). Pts. were treated with 5.3 antihypertensives mean. As shown by the Schellong test there was no significant difference in the overall orthostatic regulation of the BP, the level of BP was lower 6 month after RDN as compared to baseline. HR did not differ between the two groups.

![Figure][1]

Figure 1. SBP at 3 and 6 month

Conclusion: (i) In patients with resistant hypertension RDN resulted in a significant blood pressure reduction after 3 and 6 month. (ii) No orthostatic dysregulation or syncope were be identified after RDN using the Schellong-test, indicating that RDN has no effect on venous tone and venous capacity when tilting into an upright position.

 [1]: pending:yes