In an earlier work [T 1], the author described a technique for constructing rigid analytic modular forms on the p-adic upper half plane by means of an integral transform (a "Poisson Kernel"). In this paper, we apply these methods to the study of rigid analytic modular forms on the upper half plane over a complete local field k of characteristic p. Arising out of the theory of Drinfeld modules [D], these modular forms, first studied by Goss (see [Gol, Go2]), are in many ways analogous to the classical modular forms for SL2 (Z). For a brief, but effective, introduction to the theory of these "characteristic p " modular forms, see the introduction to Gekeler's paper [Gekl]. Also useful is Gekeler's book [Gek2]. We establish three main results. First of all, we show that if, k is the function field of a complete, geometrically irreducible curve C over the finite field lFq with q elements, k is a completion of k, F is an arithmetic subgroup of GL2(k), and ,u is a measure on Pi coming from a "harmonic cocycle of weight n for I," (see Definition 1 below) then


We find that three factors—Dogecoin network externalities, momentum, and tweet sentiment— capture the time-series expected Dogecoin returns. Dogecoin returns are exposed to Dogecoin network factors. We construct the network factors to capture the user adoption of Dogecoin. Moreover, there is a strong time-series momentum effect, and proxies for investor attention strongly forecast future Dogecoin returns. Lastly, we examine potential underlying mechanisms of the Dogecoin price bubble.


Peridotite-melt/magma interaction has usually been used to interpret the petrogenesis for those rocks that have disequilibrated textures and mineral compositions,which range from ophiolitic peridotites, orogenic peridotites, ultra-mafic intrusive complexes, to mantle xenoliths. There are two major types of peridotite-melt reaction: i.e. dissolution of olivine (and clinopyroxene) and precipitation of orthopyroxene, or dissolution of orthopyroxene and precipitation of olivine (and clinopyroxene). The result of the reaction leads not only to a change in mineral percentages, but also to a change in mineral compositions;the latter has not been paid enough attention. The discovery of zoned mantle olivine and pyroxene xenocrysts, especially zoned mantle peridotitic xenoliths in Mesozoic basaltic rocks from eastern North China, indicates that peridotite-melt interaction was widespread in Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the southeastern North China craton. Such interaction could be an important mechanism for the compositional transformation and rapid enrichment of the lithospheric mantle. This is the first case in the world for large-scale compositional changes of the lithospheric mantle resulting from peridotite-melt interaction. The reactant melts were mainly derived from two sources: crustal materials and/or asthenosphere. Reaction of peridotites with melts from different sources results in different compositional changes.


The development of the multi-trailer system was started at Delft University of Technology some 22 years ago. Since then this system has been in service to transport containers in various harbours. The five constituent trailers of a multi-trailer have been designed in such a way that they are track following. That is to say that each trailer follows the same track as the one in front of it. These vehicles are currently operated at a maximum speed of 30 kmIh. If longer distances are to be covered, higher speeds would be desirable. A multi-trailer system that has been carefully designed could be used at speeds of 50 kmIh or more. This would provide a cost-effective means of transportation that is safe and environmentally friendly. Simulations have indicated that the implementation of a speed dependent steering mechanism called "Safetrail" leads to a considerable improvement in road holding behaviour. This paper focuses on experiments that have been executed with a truck and a single trailer in order to assess the performance ofthe steering system "Safetrail". The experiments have confirmed the encouraging results that were derived from the simulations.


The purpose of this research is firstly, to find out whether the attention to accounting information has positive influence to the success of managing small and medium enterprise in Sidoarjo. Secondly, to find out whether the understanding of accounting information has positive influence to the success of managing small and medium enterprise in Sidoarjo. Finally, to find out whether the memory of accounting information has positive information to the success of managing small and medium enterprise in Sidoarjo.This research uses quantitative research type with independent variables: attention, understanding, and memory. The dependent variable is the success of managing small and medium enterprise in Sidoarjo. The sample collection technique is the saturated Jurnal Ilmu & Riset Akuntansi Vol. 3 No. 10 (2014) 2 sampling by using multiple linear regression analysis with computerized instrument SPSS 17.0. Based on the result of t-test it has been found that the attention on accounting information (X1) can give significant influence to the success of managing small and medium enterprise (Y). The understanding on accounting information (X2) can give positive and significant influence to the success of managing small and medium enterprise (Y). The result of t-test for memory on accounting information (X3) can give positive and significant influence to the success of managing small and medium enterprise (Y). Keywords: Manager's Perception, Accounting Information, Small and Medium Enterprise


A 256-way split is achieved in a 116km long-reach hybrid DWDM-TDM PON employing R-ONUs by combining, for the first time, a dual feeder fibre scheme with novel detuned AWG filtering of the spectrally-broadened upstream signal.


This paper presents a self-powered electromagnetic energy harvesting scheme by using a composite structure and a self-powered supply circuit. The energy of the vibrating wave induced from the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D plate can be converged by using an ultrasonic horn and the more vibrating energy can be converted into electric energy. A new switched capacitor network for storing and accumulating the electric energy is developed. By connecting storing capacitors in parallel or series, the energy is charged into the storage capacitors at long time, and is charged at very short time. As a result, a higher output voltage/power can be obtained. The self-powered supply with a weak power (20 muW) may drive wireless sensors with higher power consumption (75 mW) in a distance of 60 m and a short period of 620 ms.


User information and communication resources - such as precise location information and direction, altitude, light, and humidity measurements (via sensors) - are becoming more available in end devices. This increasing range of information can enable context-aware informational services as well as linking digital objects to physical objects a user is observing. Thus, mobile users can obtain relevant information about real-world objects while simultaneously staying in touch with other users. The author describes an open, scalable service architecture in which context-aware service negotiation lets entities establish communication and negotiate services without a third party's assistance and without advance knowledge of either party's features. Context information can help hide data complexity from users until they need to make choices regarding such things as payments or object interactions.


The heavy metals in the sediment of Liuyang River will be released to the environment and bring the second pollution. Effects on the heavy metals release are studied,such as time,pH,temperature and the commonly-seen Na+and Mg2 +when concentrations of Cl-,NO-3and SO2-4are certain. The results show that: ①the contamination sequence for heavy metals is Cd Pb Cu Ni,meanwhile the potential ecological risk factor of Cd is highest and others are in lower pollution degree; ②the release of Cd and Pb is obvious,but Ni and Cu can't be seen and tested; with the increase of time,temperature and anion concentration,the release of heavy metals increases and except pH,it tends to low in middle and higher in early and late; ③the influence of Mg2 +on the release of heavy metals is obviously larger than that of Na+when concentrations of Cl-,NO-3and SO2-4are certain; and Cl-and SO2-4has a larger influence on Cd and Pb when the concentrations are the same.


The book has recorded the inscriptions on all 8,000 graves in the HK Cemetery to provide a rich description of life in Hong Kong during the first 100 years approximately from its colonization and a wonderful series of anecdotes.


Field and laboratory studies, which form bases for effec¬ tive sampling and interpretation of radiological data, are discussed, and the accumulation of nuclides by aquatic organisms is described. These studies emphasize the multi-disciplinary aspects of radiological surveys of aquatic environments, and serve as guides for monitoring such environments.


se= chromosome complement may show aggressive tendencies from a-very early age. Price and Whatmore (1967), in examinng the criminal records of XYY males, found very little difference between them and XY controls in respect of crime against property. There was, however, a striking difference in the number of convictions for crimes against the person, only four out of nine XYY males having been convicted of this class of crime, compared with 17 out of 18 controls. In the present case the boy's behaviour disorder manifested itself in aggression against both property and persons from an early age. Abnormalities have been noted in the E.EGs of individuals with a variety of sex chromosome abnormalities. Dumermuth (1961) found B.E.G. abnormalities in all but one of 14 boys with chromatin-positive Klinefekteres syndrome, eight of whom were diagnosed prepubertally. Hambe and Son Frey (1964) found E.EG. abnormalities more often among chromatin-positive males than among controls to a statistically significant degree. Medlbin (1966) found an abnormal RE.G. in all four sexchromatin-negative women studied. In the present case borderline abnormalities were found. Such a record is in accordance with the findings in individuals with other abnormal sex chromosome complements, in whose E.E.G. records the abnormalities have tended to be non-specific and borderline. It is difficult to see the causal connexion between anomalies in the sex chromosomes and cerebral dysrhythmia. Hambert (1964) suggested, at least in chromatin-positive men, that sex chromosome abnormality may lead to an abnormality of central nervous system tissue or make it more vulnerable than otherwise. Hambert also suggested that cerebral damage might result from hormonal changes in the presence of sex chromosome anomalies, or that aneuploidy, like other forms of embryopathy, may lead to premature birth, predisposing to brain damage. In the present case, however, the birth was postmature. Since the first assessment of phenotypical characteristics in a series of individuals with the XYY karyotype (Price, Strong, Whatmore, and McClement, 1966) it has been noted that these men were abnormally tail. Our patient was above the 97th percentile for height according to the criteria of Tanner and Whitehouse.* His brother, 44 in. (112 cm.) tall at 4 years 9 months, was within the 75th percentile for height. This supports the view that increased height in the XYY syndrome is apparent before puberty.


The paper considers the phenomenon of "desacralization" of scientific knowledge as a consequence of the development of virtual Internet technologies. It is shown that the process of desacralization of knowledge can be a decisive factor in the reconfiguration of the existing hierarchy of scientific knowledge. This can help to bridge the intellectual gap existing between the metropolitan and provincial science. "Intellectual challenge" is considered as a characteristic of the current state of Siberian philosophy and as part of the larger waves of intellectual challenge that faces all philosophical and social sciences and is formed as a result of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of scientific knowledge.


We have investigated the optical properties of planar photonic crystal cavities formed by removing a single hole from a twodimensional square lattice of air holes etched through a thin GaAs slab. We have demonstrated cavity resonances with quality factors (Q's) as high as 8500, using an internal light source provided by an ensemble of InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The high-Q modes are confined to a very small mode volume, V = 0.7(l/n), making them attractive to study in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics with single QDs, where a high Q= ffiffiffiffi V p is needed to observe the strong coupling between an electronic state of the dot and the optical cavity mode. To this end, we have developed an accurate and robust alignment technique that positions a photonic crystal cavity to a single QD with 25 nm resolution. We present the details of this new technology and demonstrate its effectiveness by strategically positioning a number of QDs within photonic crystal cavities at points where the electric field intensity is high. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 85.40.Ux; 85.60.-q


This prospective clinical study compared the physiological effects of two commonly usedanaesthetic induction techniques in horses maintained with halothane. One hundred horses admitted for elective surgery were randomly allocated to receive either guaiphenesin (to effect) and thiopentone (5 mg/kg), or detomidine (20 μg/kg) and ketamine (2 mg/kg) for the induction of anaesthesia after acepromazine premedi cation. Anaesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen. There were no significant differences in breed, age, sex, weight, type of surgery and duration of anaesthesia between the groups. Immediately after induction of anaesthesia heart rate was higher after guaiphenesin and thiopentone, and arte- rial blood pressure was higher after detomidine and ketamine. Thereafter hypotension, often necessitating an infu- sion of dobutamine, developed in both groups. Arterial blood gases and respiratory rates were similar in the two groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in the subjectively scored quality of induction and recovery, or in recovery time.


Lesbian and bisexual women face difficulties in having their health needs recognized resulting in inequities. The objective of this study was to understand the creation of bonds in the health care for lesbians and bisexuals. A qualitative methodology was adopted, using face-to-face and online semi-structured interviews. The population consisted of 14 women, living in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. For the analysis, carried out through content analysis, the social markers of difference and the interviewees' relationship with social movements were considered. It was evidenced that the articulation of social markers of difference can contribute to the potentiation of exclusion and that participation in social movements projects women more actively in claiming their care. These two components are important intermediaries in bond creation.


Neural networks are information processing systems patterned after the highly interconnected neural systems of the human brain. They are trained through examples rather than being programmed. The currently popular training algorithm, called back propagation, suffers from serious drawbacks such as lack of robustness, slow convergence, especially for large networks, and lack of reliability. Since neural network training is an optimization problem, this dissertation establishes the suitability of proven nonlinear optimization methods and the superiority of these methods over back propagation.
Neural networks, by their nature of being able to generalize and resist noisy data, are particularly appropriate for pattern recognition problems. One prominent pattern recognition problem is the classification problem which assigns an observation, based on a set of attributes, to one of finite groups. For example, the classification problem is used in accepting or rejecting credit application based on an applicant's personal and financial data. This dissertation compares the performance, in terms of correct classifications, of neural networks against that of the traditional multidimensional discriminant analysis methods. The results show that even under the perfect assumptions for the traditional methods, neural networks compared favorably.
The question of how to design neural networks for classification is the next main topic of this dissertation. The issues investigated include sampling strategy and network architecture. Sampling strategy refers to the decisions on sample size, sample composition, and variance-covariance matrices of attributes. Network architecture refers to the number of nodes and the interconnections among the nodes in a network. A rigorous and extensive experiment was conducted to answer questions on these issues. Design principles based on these empirical results were established.


OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCEOrigination of the temporopolar artery (TPA) from the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) represents a rare anatomic variation, and the presence of aneurysms at this uncommon site has never before been reported. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONTwo patients presented with a sudden onset of headaches and meningism. Computed tomography demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage in both cases. Cerebral angiography revealed ruptured aneurysms originating at a TPA origin from the ICA. INTERVENTIONThe patients were surgically treated, and the aneurysms were successfully clipped. For technical reasons, the TPA was sacrificed in both cases. CONCLUSIONThese are the first reported cases of aneurysms originating at the TPA origin from the ICA. Awareness of the existence of this variation is necessary, particularly for the management of superior wall aneurysms of the ICA.


AIMS
To evaluate the genotypic diversity and acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the potential association of these factors with dental caries experience in children with DS compared to non-DS children (controls).

METHODS AND RESULTS
Seventeen children (age 6-12 years) with high salivary S. mutans counts (> 2.5 × 105 CFU/mL) were selected and divided into two groups: DS and non-DS. Five children in each group were caries-free, while the remainder had elevated caries experience. S. mutans isolates were obtained from each participant. The genotypic profile of the isolates was analyzed with the AP-PCR methodology. The acidogenicity of a representative strain from each genotype of S. mutans was also evaluated. DS children had 16 different S. mutans genotypes, while the control group had 21. Twelve genotypes were present in both groups and one of them was associated with caries-free status (P < .05). Although the acidogenicity of the genotypes found in DS children was significantly lower (P < .05) compared to controls, this fact was not associated with caries experience in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
DS children have a lower S. mutans genotypic diversity and genotypes with lower acidogenicity than those of non-DS children. However these findings were not associated with their caries experience.


SUMMARY Winter bean crops, mainly of the variety Throws MS, were surveyed for proportions of cross-bred seed, using hilum colour as a genetic marker. In 1971 a significantly greater proportion of cross-breds was detected in random samples taken from the centre than in similar samples from the border of three fields and from the total of all seven fields. An hypothesis is proposed that pod setting at the centre was limited more than at the border by a factor such as plant competition and chocolate spot at a time when selfing was enforced due to a general lack of bee visitation, or else inbred embryos aborted more under the stress of disease in the centre. No differences between centre and border were found in 1972 except for a greater proportion of cross-breds from the border of a Maris Beagle field and this only applied to parent plants of certain genotypes. Significant differences were also found between fields and between seasons. There was a significant regression of percentage selfing on field size but there was no evidence that bees failed to penetrate to the centre of large fields. Implications for variety development, testing and purity are discussed.


Composite substrates comprising a III- nitride material seed layer on the modified support substrate are generated. Method of generating a composite substrate include a step of developing the desired lattice strain in III- nitride material to produce a lattice constant which substantially matches to the lattice constant of the device structure to be formed on the composite substrate. III- nitride material may be formed of a Ga polarity N or polarity. Growth substrate to a desired lattice strain is formed a buffer layer between the III- nitride material and the growth substrate, and implanting a dopant in the III- nitride material, introduce impurities, a step, or a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which changes the lattice constant above it can be developed by forming a III- nitride material having a CTE.


The sugar leaching process for steam-exploded straw was investigated. Theconcentration of sugar reached 87.6 g/L, and in the leached sugars, xylose was about 90%.In a 2 liter auto-fermeotor for producing single cell protein from leached sugar, the biomassconcentration of 45 g/L and the productivity of 4.4 g/(L.h) were obtained in batch-fed fermentation experiments. In addtion, the clean process for single cell protein production was exploredwith the technological route of high-density fermentation, pellicular concentration and directspraying desication.


As Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have advanced, numerous new tools have been implemented to improve the effectiveness of instruction at the university level. It has had a ripple effect throughout Saudi Arabia's educational system. One of the results of this shift is the rise of e-learning, which requires technological means for delivery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the elements that influence Saudi university students' acceptance of technology in teaching and learning. Data were obtained from 309 students. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Surveys were used as the primary technique of data collection for this study. The results of the survey show that perceived ease of use, technical support, training, and content quality are expressively related to the acceptance of technology among university students. This study also provides evidence that there is a direct variation in people's acceptance of new technology, which helps explain 73.5 percent of people's acceptance of new technology. The results of the study will provide empirical data regarding the effective adoption of technology in Saudi universities, which will help in the growth of teaching and learning in the country. Similarly, the findings of the study may be of interest to researchers and policymakers in Saudi Arabia in providing the fundamentals for the acceptance and utilization of technology in education.


bcl‐2 was originally identified as an oncogene involved in follicular lymphomas as a result of chromosomal translocation (14;18). It is now believed that bcl‐2 is implicated in the regulation of cell death by inhibiting apoptosis and that its expression is not restricted to haematopoietic cells, but is also present in many epithelia and mesenchymal tissues. Recent studies have analysed the expression of this molecule in a variety of non‐lymphoid malignancies including lung, breast, prostate, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas and neuroblastoma. In the present study, 50 colorectal adenomas, 10 hyperplastic polyps, and 142 carcinomas, including 25 arising from pre‐existing adenomas, were examined using an antibody detecting the bcl‐2 protein product. In non‐neoplastic mucosa, bcl‐2 was expressed in the crypt cells only, whilst the more differentiated surface epithelial cells lacked any demonstrable bcl‐2. Forty‐one of the 50 adenomas (82 per cent) and 48 of the 142 carcinomas were positive for bcl‐2 expression. All hyperplastic polyps were negative. A reciprocal relationship was found between bcl‐2 reactivity and p53 overexpression, as detected by DO7 antibody, in approximately 65 per cent of the cases. The bcl‐2‐positive/p53‐negative subgroup showed a strong correlation (P=0·0056) with negative lymph node status (Dukes' A and B), implying a less aggressive pathway of neoplastic transformation.


The use of mindfulness-based practices has increased in the field of fluency disorders over the past several years and has been implicated as a viable complement to traditional stuttering therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the outcomes of an 8-week remote mindfulness program delivered to adults who stutter.

 Five adults who stutter completed pre- and posttest questionnaires as well as weekly postsession surveys. Questionnaires included open-ended questions regarding participants' perceptions of their stuttering severity and their perceptions of mindfulness. The Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES) was incorporated to measure quality of life in both the pretest and posttest. Postsession surveys prompted participants to reflect on the topic presented each week. These data were used to develop individual case studies.

 Pre- and posttest OASES scores revealed improvement in three participants' quality of life rating scores, while two participants remained within the same range. None of the participants' perceptions of their stuttering severity changed after participating in the program; however, participants who responded to postsession surveys reported that they planned to apply mindfulness knowledge in their personal lives and noticed positive changes within themselves.

 These preliminary findings revealed that even though perceptions of stuttering severity did not change, benefits were still gained by the participants. Future research should include a larger sample and content that is specifically tailored for people who stutter.


Large areas of Morocco require irrigation and although good quality water is available in dams, farmers augment river water with poorer quality ground water, resulting in salt build‐up without a sufficient leaching fraction. Implementation of management plans requires baseline reconnaissance maps of salinity. We developed a method to map the distribution of salinity profiles by establishing a linear regression (LR) between calculated true electrical conductivity (σ, mS/m) and electrical conductivity of the saturated soil‐paste extract (ECe, dS/m). Estimates of σ were obtained by inverting the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, mS/m) collected from a 500‐m grid survey using an EM38. Spherical variograms were developed to interpolate ECa data onto a 100 m grid using residual maximum likelihood. Inversion was carried out on kriged ECa data using a quasi‐3d model (EM4Soil software), selecting the cumulative function (CF) forward modelling and S2 inversion algorithm with a damping factor of 3.0. Using a 'leave‐one‐out cross‐validation' (LOOCV), of one in 12 of the calibration sites, the use of the q‐3d model yielded a high accuracy (RMSE = 0.42 dS/m), small bias (ME = −0.02 dS/m) and Lin's concordance (0.91). Slightly worse results were obtained using individual LR established at each depth increment overall (i.e. RMSE = 0.45 dS/m; ME = 0.00 dS/m; Lin's = 0.89) with the raw EM38 ECa. Inversion required a single LR (ECe = 0.679 + 0.041 × σ), enabling efficiencies in estimating ECe at any depth across the irrigation district. Final maps of ECe, along with information on water used for irrigation (ECw) and the characterization of properties of the two main soil types, enabled better understanding of causes of secondary soil salinity. The approach can be applied to problematic saline areas with saline water tables.


Abstract Since the Supreme Court's 1976 decision in Young v. American Mini Theaters, Inc., 427 U.S. 50 (1976), 28 ZD 329, local governments have been permitted to single out adult bookstores and theaters for special regulatory treatment. In the wake of Young, many municipalities enacted "pornography zoning" ordinances based on the Detroit dispersion model. Observing this trend in 1978, the Harvard Law Review noted that these municipalities were interpreting Young as approving pornography zoning as constitutionally acceptable "in nearly all circumstances." This interpretation seemed incorrect, however, to the Review's editors: "Detroit's pornography zoning was found to satisfy three established First Amendment criteria; future ordinances that restrict the location of adult bookstores and theaters will likely be subject to these criteria as well." A number of recent lower court cases invalidating pornography zoning ordinances indicate that the Review's prediction was on target.


Smooth muscle tissues are more complicated than just contractile cells coordinated by autonomic and enteric neurons. For some time now, data have been accumulating suggesting that additional cell types, known to morphologists generally as 'interstitial cells', may have important physiological and pathophysiological functions in smooth muscle organs. The most extensively studied interstitial cells are the cells known widely as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There are other types of interstitial cells, however, that include, at a minimum, resident immune cells, enteric glial cells and cells referred to as 'fibroblast-like cells' (FLC). FLC are an extremely interesting group of cells, and thanks to a new technique provided by immunolabelling with antibodies to PDGFRα[1], we know that these cells form networks as complex and extensive as ICC in GI muscles. Interstitial cells of the same general classes and similar morphologies have also been described in smooth muscle tissues outside the GI tract. However, the role of these cells in most organs is obscure.

Gastrointestinal ICC have been associated with functions, such as generation of the pacemaker activity known as electrical slow waves, active propagation of slow waves to provide coordinated contractions of thousands of smooth muscle cells that are electrically coupled to the ICC, transduction of enteric motor neurotransmitter signals, regulation of smooth muscle excitability and participation in responses to stretch. Data supporting the functional roles of ICC have been derived primarily from experiments on two species of rodents (mice and rats) that have mutations in Kit, a receptor tyrosine kinase, the function of which is essential for the development of ICC from mesenchymal precursors [2]. ICC do not develop properly in animals with loss-of-function mutations in Kit, but since total loss-of-function for Kit is lethal, experiments have been conducted on mutants retaining partial function of Kit. Thus, lesions in ICC are non-total in these animals, but there are certain areas of the gut where most ICC are missing and therefore it is possible to evaluate what functions are compromised in these tissues.

An exciting development has come from many clinical studies showing that tissues from human patients with variety of human GI motor pathologies display reduced populations of ICC. With the variety of functions attributed to ICC, it is logical to assume that loss of or damage to these cells, or breakdown in the electrically coupled networks they form, could negatively affect GI motor function. The aetiology of many GI motor diseases remains unclear, so the possibility that ICC lesions contribute to GI motor dysfunction is an exciting new hypothesis. Of course, we are a long way from establishing cause-and-effect by providing clear demonstrations that ICC loss explains the defects in motor activity observed in GI motility disorders. This is exceedingly hard to accomplish in patients where disease has developed before it is reported. To be frank, we cannot yet say with certainty that the functions attributed to ICC from studies of rodents can be extrapolated to larger animals and humans. This will require developing techniques to lesion ICC in human muscles in culture in a manner that does not affect other cells – obviously not an easy task. Thus, much work is needed to clarify the physiological role of ICC in humans and to determine whether loss of these cells is a cause or an effect of GI pathology.

Several animal models of ICC loss have been utilized to attempt to understand the consequences of losing ICC. These include genetic models in which Kit signalling is compromised either by constitutive loss-of-function of the receptor or ligand, genetic models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, partial bowel obstruction, bowel resection, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and infections of the GI tract. These animal models clearly demonstrate that motility defects can develop upon loss of ICC and provide strong support for the hypothesis that defects in ICC may be causative in human motility disorders. The fact that so many syndromes of motor dysfunction are associated with loss of ICC suggests that the cellular mechanisms regulating the status of these cells can be negatively impacted by a variety of circumstances. This is obviously the most interesting direction for ICC research. The only common link easily identified in several of the animal models above is inflammation. Thus, it will be necessary to determine the specific molecular signals occurring in inflammation, or other pathological factors, that result in loss of ICC.

There are currently two major hypotheses about the fate of ICC in disease; one suggests that ICC are damaged and undergo apoptosis. Another idea is that ICC do not die, but undergo cellular remodelling and changes in ICC phenotype that cause loss of function. It could be that ICC-like cells in other smooth muscle tissues are also affected adversely by the same disease processes that affect ICC in the GI tract. Thus, investigations into the status of ICC in disease models might provide a fruitful means of investigating the role of ICC in these muscles.

An exciting observation in animal models has been that ICC loss may not be permanent, but under some circumstances these cells might be regenerated or the process of remodelling might be reversed. Restoration of ICC has been associated with restoration of function. Thus, in such models, it may be possible to study the development of ICC lesions as a function of time, and then to carefully determine the means by which ICC repopulate damaged areas and restore function. If cell phenotype is remodelled due to pathological conditions, then the functional phenotype might be restored when the adverse conditions are remedied. A recent study described a population of cells that may serve as stem cells capable of repopulating ICC networks, and these cells may replenish the ICC population continuously [3]. Thus, it is possible that when circumstances exist that are prone to damage ICC, regeneration may not keep pace. But when the pathological circumstances are corrected, normal populations of ICC may regenerate.

This review series is designed to consolidate information obtained from recent experiments into concise concepts about the extent and function of interstitial cells in smooth muscle organs. We will review information about ICC from several smooth muscle organs and contrast the structure and function of ICC and discuss whether ICC loss is generally a feature of the pathophysiology of smooth muscle organs. The articles will attempt to attract new investigators to the field and to help them understand the present state of the art in this field. We hope to set the stage for future experiments that might provide answers to questions of function and to understand the involvement of these cells in smooth muscle diseases.


The Photoacoustic phenomenon is based on light induced heat expansion of to be examined material. It has been shown that this effect occurs in solids and gases as well. At the detection of the soot mass, by this principle, the sp2-bindings of Carbon are excited which is possible over a very broad wavelength range (UV to NIR). For the detection of the pure acoustic signal of the soot, a wavelength has to be chosen which doesn't excite any other components in the matrix. In the following there will be on the one hand typical absorption spectra of selected components of the emission matrix discussed. On the other hand selected examples will be evaluated in photoacoustic experiments.


In view of the guidelines for the construction of the experimental teaching model center of the machinery basic, this article proposed a new experimental system and principle, and set up the functional laboratory frame of the model center associated with the machinery basic course.


This paper reports first measurements of particles with the new measurement technique "Global Phase Doppler" (GPD). In contrast to other planar particle sizing methods, this technique uses two laser light sheets to illuminate the measurement area. The optical configuration and a processed measurement example are illustrated in the Figure. With this configuration, each illuminating laser sheet will contribute a glare point for each visible scattering order. The far-field interference pattern will exist corresponding exactly to the interference pattern produced using a phase Doppler system. The difference to the phase Doppler technique is that the GPD technique captures simultaneously defocused fringe patterns arising from many droplets within the illuminated plane. Two sets of fringes, vertical and horizontal, arise from the interference of two different scattering orders from the same illuminating sheet and from the interference of the same scattering order from the two different illuminating sheets. The diameter of the particle can be determined by counting the number of fringes in the out-of-focus image. The size of the particle image depends on the position of particle perpendicular to the focal plane of the imaging system. Therefore, this configuration offers a number of advantages and possibilities for measuring particle diameters together with the PTV measurement technique for particle velocity and yields three components of particle velocity and particle size in two dimensions. The GPD technique exhibits several advantages in comparison with other multidimensional sizing techniques. The glare points are always the same intensity and thus the fringe modulation is always a maximum. Furthermore, any scattering angle can be used for image capture, especially attractive for implementation in a stereoscopic PTV system. If only one scattering order dominates, like in the phase Doppler technique or for opaque particles, one spatial frequency is imaged. In regions where several scattering orders contribute to the signal, each order can be separated by a frequency analysis. The fringe spacing and also the measurement size range can be adjusted by varying the intersection angle of the laser sheets. If both the IPI technique and the GPD technique are used simultaneously, the orthogonal fringe patterns allow a verification of sphericity. For verification of the expected potential of this technique, the paper present light-scattering calculations and measurements with both the IPI and GPD techniques. The images are processed using a algorithm for determining the position, size and the frequency of the defocused images. Laser Beam splitting and light sheet optic Defocused camera Light sheets Global Phase Doppler configuration and processed measurement example. 1


Recent developments in robot technology have led to modular robots that are assembled from multiple parts. Modular robots have pros and cons. Their shape can be changed to suit a particular purpose and the same parts can be reused, which makes them fault-tolerant and extendable. However, such freedom and flexibility lead to higher cost so as to decide the configuration and actions to meet the purpose. With conventional robots, modular or non-modular, much research has been conducted on the way that a design is determined first and connections with sensory input, internal memory and motor output are acquired through learning. The designs are often based on existing creatures such as insects, dogs and earlier robot models, or parts of such creatures, for example, robot arms. As robot bodies operate in the real world, it makes sense to model them after living creatures that have been successful in nature. In fact, computer simulation patterns akin to living creatures have been created mainly in the field of artificial life, represented by the well-known L-System imitating plants and Dawkins' biomorph (Dawkins, 1986) imitating insects. Sims' virtual creatures (Sims, 1994a; Sims 1994b) feature not only a pattern but also a body and nerves, which are actually stylized art rather than robotics. Modular robots, which are easy to configure and recombine, have an advantage in that optimal robot shapes can be achieved, without modeling the existing creatures. Many existing modular robots are based on the block shape. Although automatic design research is not limited to the block shape, the shape has certain advantages: The basic units are easy to make, handle and combine. Furthermore, blocks are similar to cells, which enabled the simulation of biological development in the research on building structures. GOLEM Project (Lipson, 2000; Pollack, 2000) is one of the implementation models of Karl Sims experiments. They evolved frame-type virtual creatures using a linear actuator and fabricated them as a robot in a real world. In the modular robotics, new types of robots have been proposed with the functions such as a self-reconfiguration (Murata et al., 2002; Kurokawa et al., 2003) or self-reproduction (Zykov et al., 2005; Griffith et al, 2005). The LEGO Mind Storm is a famous block-based modular robot, parts of which are so small that half-assembled modules are combined in different placements (Lund, 2001). Ideally, robots can actively change their configuration by automatically recombining modules to fit a particular environment. However, this chapter deals with cube-shaped modular robots that can be manually recombined to achieve significant configurations that can adjust to actual environments using evolutionary morphology. This chapter describes how successfully EC


Highly regarded throughout her prestigious literary career, and today seen as an undeniable master of her art, Elizabeth Bishop She cannot be able to focus and when we had never realized until after your. Biographical critics meet your death and if they were expected. For me at the sunday times london review by publishing. I north south a big thing good bye we are from the cool impersonal style. Elizabeth bishop changed my favourite lines, and items displaying a stomach turningly potent piece on. This was mentally ill at the united states from oneself bishop's. Is to read all of american, poets the fish bishop remains one star.


............................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................ v CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................ 1 1.1 Geographical location ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Topography and Geology ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Climate .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Design Philosophy and Master Plan of DCK ...................................................................... 3 1.6 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2.HYDROPOWER GENERATION ......................................................................... 9 2.


Oral mucositis (MO) is considered to be the most severe stomatologic complication associated with antineoplastic treatment, which may lead to its interruption. Several current clinical protocols have aproven the benefits of Laser Photobiomodulation (LP) in the prevention and control of MO, due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and its stimulation of mesenchymal cells proliferation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of laser in initial events of chemo-induced MO. Eight Hamsters were divided into 2 groups (G): GI positive control (induction of MO) and GII Laser (induction of MO + Laser therapy). MO was induced by two injections of 5-Fluorouracil followed by grooves in the mucosa of the cheek pouch. The PL (Diode Laser of Gallium and Aluminum Arsenide, λ660nm, 40mW, 2,4J/cm2 ) was performed on day 0 of the experiment and every 48 hours until day 6. On day 7 the mucosa was photographed for clinical analysis according to Lima et al., 2005 and the animals were killed, for bag removal and histological processing for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H / E) staining. After statistical analysis (Fischer's Exact) with a significance level 0.5%, it was concluded that the LP, according to the adopted protocol, was able to prevent MO, and most hamsters showed no visible clinical changes in the cheek pouch. Histologically, it was observed that LP reduced angiogenesis and recruitment of inflammatory cells in G2. According to the results obtained LP was effective in preventing and reducing the severity of oral mucositis.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to medicine, namely to oncology, and can be used to prevent or relieve metastasis in a patient suffering recurrent HER2-positive cancer in the course of or after the HER2 antibody therapy. That is ensured by administering a therapeutic agent representing a VEGF antibody. What is also presented is a method for relieving metastasis in the course of or after the HER2 antibody therapy. EFFECT: group of inventions provides the efficacy of the VEGF antibody for suppression of metastatic HER2-positive tumours. 16 cl, 4 tbl, 2 dwg, 1 ex


Electrometric and spectrophotometric titration curves of glycinin were obtained at 0.4 ionic strength and in the presence of 6M guanidine hydrochloride and 6M urea. The electrometric hydrogen ion titration curves were irreversible in the pH range 6.5 to 12.0 in 0.4M KCl, but exhibited reversibility in the pH 2.0 to pH 6.5 range. The forward and backward electrometric titration curves were entirely reversible in 6M guanidine hydrochloride. The spectrophotometric titration curves of tyrosine groups were also irreversible in 0.4M KCl, but reversible in 6M urea. Alkali-induced denaturation produced a different spectrophotometric titration curve than the curves obtained with glycinin in 0.4M KCl and 6M urea. The electrostatic factor w was lower in the pH 2.50 to 3.75 range than in the pH 3.75 to 6.50 range. This was interpreted to be due to swelling and dissociation into subunits of the glycinin molecule subjected to acid denaturation. The empirical value of w=0.045 derived from the titration of the carboxyl groups in the pH 3.75 to 6.50 range coincided with the theoretically calculated value of 0.040 for a swollen sphere. Group counting and pK values of carboxyl, imidazole, e-amino, and phenoxy groups under normal and denaturing conditions are also reported.


Economic theory offers several models for solving duopoly structures; most of these models could be generalized for oligopoly structures. The theory, however, does not provide sufficient models to describe duopsony, oligopsony or monopsonistic competition structures. In what follows, a Cournot-Type oligop sonistic model is developed. At the same time, account is taken for buying leadership. Such market structure will be called "concentrated oligopsony with leadership.'^1) The objective of this paper is to analyze the buyers of a raw material or a factor of production group equilibrium. For this purpose it will be assumed that this raw material or factor is a homogeneous commodity. Furthermore, it will be assumed that perfect competition prevails on the selling side of the market. In addition we assume that none of the buyers, and particularly none of the big ones, internally produces part of its factor requirement; i.e., no vertical integration as to the factor (or raw material) and the final product characterizes the industry.


The plant community properties,variation of soil physical and chemical properties and the relationship between plant community properties and soil nutrient distribution under different grazing disturbance levels were studied in Kanasi Reserve in 2006.The result indicated that the plant community height,coverage and biomass decreased with the increasing of grazing disturbance intensity.But the plant community density increased under the light to heavy grazing disturbance intensity.In 0 to 10 cm soil layer,soil bulk density increased and soil water content decreased with the increasing of grazing disturbance intensity.And they were significant different from light to heavy grazing disturbance intensity(P0.05),but no significant different under over grazing disturbance intensity(P0.05).The contents of soil organic matter,soil available N and P decreased under light to heavy grazing disturbance intensity within 0 to 10 cm soil layer,but soil available K content increased.In over grazing disturbance intensity stage,the contents of soil organic matter,soil available N and P increased.The biomass and height of plant community showed the positive correlations with the distribution of soil organic matter and soil available N.The soil organic matter content showed a significant positive relationship with the biomass and height of plant community(P0.05).All community properties showed a negative correlations with the distribution of soil available P and K.


Mapping of QoS parameters provides a mechanism for lower layers to know the service QoS information of the upper layer so that transmission quality is guaranteed.As LTE-A continues to be evaluated,mapping of QoS parameters is becoming more important in satisfying the QoS decision of the system architecture and transforming or mapping systems information.This paper analyzes the architecture for mapping QoS parameters in LTE-A.It examines the function of each part of the architecture's framework and specifies the mapping process and rules for specific parameters.


This paper used the method of low-carbon informatization to optimize the fuzzy real option model. Using manufacturing enterprise as examples,it studied the relationship and mutual influence pattern between IT and low-carbon informatization,integrating fuzzy mathematics theory,the finance theory,and evaluation theory etc.,and using mathematics tools like MATLAB and SPSS.Considering the uncertainty and volatility of information investment and the diversity and invisibility of earnings,it got a real option evaluation model in fuzzy environment that can be used to analyze the enterprise information value to provided guidance for low carbon development in information and promote the construction of resource-conserving society and low carbon economic.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods and apparatus for multiple carrier utilization in wireless communications.SOLUTION: These methods include multiple carrier activation/deactivation, multiple carrier discontinuous transmission (DTX) and discontinuous reception (DRX) activation/deactivation and operations, and multiple carrier acknowledgment/negative acknowledgement feedback. The methods include provision for joint multiple carrier activation and deactivation and joint DTX and DRX activation and deactivation of multiple carriers.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


Objective To design and realize a transfusion alarm system with pressure sensor. Methods Some silicone rubber or carbon black pressure sensor, simple circuit, alarm system or control system were involved in the design and realization of the system, which could alarm or even stop transfusion in case of low liquid surface in the infusion bag.The experimental verification was performed also. Results In 8 sets of experiments, the system alarmed with an average surface height of 3.5 cm and success rate of 87.5%. Conclusion The alarm system behaves well in effectiveness and stability, with the transfusion uninterrupted, while the sensibility of the sensor has to be improved.


Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is already a well established tool in many areas of fluid mechanics. For the first time the PIV technique allows the recording of a complete velocity field in a plane of the flow within microseconds. This does not only give information about unsteady flow fields otherwise not obtainable but also helps to save operational time when working in a wind tunnel. Special requirements have to be fulfilled, when applying the PIV technique in large wind tunnels or at high flow velocities. Typical problems are: tracer particles (concentration, velocity lag, scattered light), use of pulse lasers (energy, repetition rate of pulses), technique for ambiguity removal (image shifting, cross correlation), flexible and reliable installation of the recording system in the wind tunnel, automatic control of the whole measuring sequence, evaluation and post processing of PIV recordings etc. After having explained the basic principles of PIV very briefly, different possibilities to realize a PIV system for application at aerodynamic investigations will be presented and discussed in the frame of the experience gained at DLR.


We explore the possibility of using drill bit-rock interaction as a seismic source. Drilling can radiate significant P and S wave energy. Unlike in standard seismic datasets, seismic-while-drilling (SWD) dataset have a continuous source signature. Understanding the drill bit-rock interaction is a key element in dealing with such datasets. We assume that every tooth of the drill bit can initiate a harmonic wave. Moreover, based on the impedances of the drillstring and rock, there will be some resonances in the radiated wavefield. Hence, pre-processing the SWD dataset before imaging is necessary. Source signature estimation is the fundamental step. We use a multichannel blind deconvolution method to remedy this problem, which is, statistically speaking, more robust than a simple crosscorrelation with the pilot trace on top of the drillstring. Afterwards, depth migration of the processed SWD dataset is implemented by pre-stack reverse time migration. This feasibility study indicates that a SWD image can be formed capturing key subsurface geological features.


Effects of quenched disorder on a coupled map model of earthquakes are studied. In its original version, this model is known to display a self-organized critical distribution of avalanches. However, when some finite amount of quenched disorder is introduced, the bulk sites synchronize fully and a single stable system-wide avalanche appears. This synchronization is found for a wide band of disorder and goes against some recent predictions about integrate-and-fire models. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The utility model relates to a Y-shaped hydrocyclone filter which is characterized by comprising a straight stainless steel tube and a hydrocyclone separation tube, wherein the upper end of the hydrocyclone separation tube is obliquely inserted into the straight stainless steel tube; a baffle with a center hole is arranged in the straight stainless steel tube and separates the straight stainless steel tube into a liquid inlet cavity and an overflowing cavity; and the hydrocyclone separation tube is formed by coaxially connecting an upper straight tube and a lower tapered tube, and a filter element arranged in the straight tube separates the inner cavity of the straight tube into an outer annular hydrocyclone separation cavity and a center filter cavity. The Y-shaped hydrocyclone filter has the advantages as follows: hydrocyclone separation and a separation mechanism of the filter are combined, and filtration and separation are added in a hydrocyclone, so that the separation efficiency is improved greatly, and the Y-shaped hydrocyclone filter is suitable for removing large-particle impurities in liquids; and the Y-shaped hydrocyclone filter can be directly mounted on a pipeline through a flange at the end part, is used for separating solid particles in a liquid phase, and has a wide application range.


An intake module (1) has a housing portion (6) for an electronic control unit (ECU) which receives an ECU (10). The ECU housing portion (6) is provided in such a manner that a lateral direction of the ECU-case portion (6) matches that are available with almost a direction of an upstream of the ECU-case portion (6) suction air passage. The intake air is blown at-a on one side of the ECU-case portion (6) air blowing region (6a). Heat-generating components (22) and components of low heat resistance (23) are mounted in the air blowing region (6a) or removed in one of said air blowing region (6a) area. A plurality of heat radiating fins (21) disposed in said air blowing region (6a) along an intake air flow.


The article continues the series of investigations that demonstrate the experience of religious reading of the significant works of prominent Kyiv professors-academics of the last third of the 19th – early 20th century. These works have accumulated a powerful array of empirical material relevant to the history and theory of religious studies. Accordingly, the reconstruction of the field of theoretical positions important for the formation of the "science of religion" in the domestic intellectual tradition is currently being updated.The work of the Hebrew scholar and biblical scholar Yakym Olesnytsky is represented. This researcher was one of the first in the domestic humanities to analyze the "aggadic" layer of Talmudic writing through the prism of comparative-religious and religious-historical approaches. Metamorphoses of biblical images and plots, events of the ancient history of the Hebrew people, which arose under the influence of various mythological, philosophical, and folk traditions, were revealed. There was a real demythologization of "aggadah" from the standpoint of historical and literary criticism.On the basis of a religious reading of J. Olesnytsky's text, this article traces some metamorphoses of theistic ideas in the process of the rise of Talmudic Judaism. They are analyzed from the point of view of the categories relevant to the philosophy and phenomenology of religion: Religious Experience, the Supernatural, the Another Reality as Sacred, the Absolute. A number of cognitive situations initiated by Olesnytsky, valuable from the point of view of a wider range of disciplines: philosophy and phenomenology of religion, history of religion, sociology and psychology of religion, religious comparative studies have been identified. This experience will be used in further research on the materials of the work of a well-known Kyiv academician.


The equilibrium thermodynamic conditions obeyed by a pion condensed system are given. These include the statement that the average spatial currents of conserved quantities must always vanish in the state of lowest free energy, even for pi - condensation into a running-wave mode. The physical significance of pion-condensation thresholds is also discussed.


The evolution and improvement in the design and industrial operation of SO 3 -sulphonation is discussed together with the updating of the quality standard of detergent feedstocks obtained by innovative or optimized production processes. The modern SO 3 -sulphonation technology follows the technical and marketing demand of the surfactant and detergent industry. This is emphasized by describing the basic and auxiliary process units specifically developed for processing the various raw materials. The quality figures characterizing the anionic surfactants obtainable by combination of the last generation of equipment and feedstocks, are also illustrated together with relevant impact on added market value and perspective further trend.


The paper explores a new method to represent digital documents - containing several sources of information (text, images, videos, multimedia galleries) - in a semantic space able to elevate the importance of each informative channel in giving a deeper meaning to the document. The proposed approach finds several applications such as Web Content Mining, semantic classification and document topic extraction.


The capability of some o,o'-dihidroxyazocompounds to inhibit sulfide and microbiologist corrosion is considered. The dependence of the protection effect from of the studied substances structure has been investigated. The possibility of use of these compounds as the inhibitors of corrosions steel corrosion in the Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans presence is estimated.


A cross-sectional survey was made on self-rated health, which is a simple and easy-to-administer measure of general health. It is a valid and reliable measure among those without cognitive impairment. Initially, it replaced clinical assessments in survey research and clinical settings.

This study was a cross-sectional survey and the study was conducted in a community-based online survey of 6-month duration. Psychologically ill patients, pregnant women, and pediatrics were excluded from this study. The sample size was set to be >800, and the collected data were 806. The data was procured from every willing individual in the age group of 18-60 years old. To identify the similarity and variances in their responses, they were correlated with the health rating of the responders. The physicians at RDT Hospital, Bathalapalli, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh Prepared and validated the data collection form.

This study was evaluated to check the impact of health literacy on one's health. All the factors were included and taken into consideration while framing the questionnaire. The parameters and the respondent's answers were compared and correlated they were assessed by two-tailed test and significantly correlated using Pearson's correlation. The self-rating of the health of the responders was found to be 47%. The major factors affecting health are age, gender, body mass index (BMI), occupation, weight profile, work profile, surrounding hygiene, quality of life, physical activity, eating habits, regular sleep cycle, sleep quality, stress factor, psychological and mental health, comorbidities, side effects, nutritional supplements, self-medication or doctor's prescription, and literacy score. Respondent's physical activities were collected and found to be 89.7% negative and statistically significant. The BMI of the responders was classified into four categories: Underweight (16.7%), normal (51.86%), overweight (20.09%), and obese (7.94%). It was found to be negatively significant and two-tailed correlated.

The study has now provided evidence on what factors influence an individual's health self-rating and how these factors correlate to influence each other on the same platform.


Case Presentation History A 17-year-old woman presented at the emergency room with a chief complaint of productive cough for 1 month, fever, and rigors. One month before admission, she had developed a productive cough with greenish sputum. Two weeks later she noticed some bloody streaks in the sputum and she subsequently developed fever and rigors. She was seen in a local clinic and started on cough syrup and phenergen, but she did not improve. The other associated symptoms were fatigue, subjective fever, anorexia, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, a 20-pound unintentional weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. She denied hematemesis, melena, or dysuria. She had no myalgias, arthralgias, headache, abdominal pain, palpations, or diarrhea. Her medications on admission included cough syrup and phenergen. She had no history of thyroid disease, cardiac murmur, anemia, heat intolerance, or palpitations. She was gravida 1, para 1. Her last menstrual period was 1 month before admission. There was no history of menstrual irregularities. Her family history was not contributory. With regard to social history, she denied smoking or use of alcohol or intravenous drugs. She had a history of treatment for syphilis 3 years before admission. She had one sexual partner for the past 2 years. She had no history of tuberculosis. In 1990, a PPD test and an HIV test were reportedly negative. She had had no blood transfusions in the past.


Is the time ripe to develop technologically based versions of cognitive psychological methods and to apply them to problems of educational assessment? In this article, I point to dangers of using one common cognitive psychological method, chronometric analysis, for purposes of educational assessment. I also argue, though, that progress is being made toward developing more accurate diagnostic techniques, and that this progress promises to allow more revealing assessments than are possible with traditional psychometric instruments. Both the problems with chronometric methods and the promise of new approaches are illustrated with examples from recent research.


The importance of materials in modern world can be realized from the fact that much of the research is being done to apply new materials to different components.Increasing competition and innovation in automobile sector tends to modify the existing products by new and advanced material products.This paper presents development and manufacturing of two wheeler axle by using epoxy resin and glass fiber composite material.In this paper, the aim is to manufacture the composite wheel axle and compare the results with conventional steel axle under different mechanical testing with evaluating of different mechanical properties such as tensile strength,bending strength,impact strength,fatigue strength by using appropriate experimental technique.


In a recently published article entitled "How UAVs Will Change Aviation," David Esler (2010) discussed many ways that unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have changed (and will continue to change) traditional aviation. Simply stated, Esler believed that UAS are not only here now, but they are here to stay. We share that opinion regarding small-scale UAS for environmental remote sensing—while they may currently be experimental, their use in environmental monitoring, mapping, and management will certainly increase in the future. In their present state of development, UAS are popular in academic and research remote sensing where they have been successfully used to acquire high-spatial-resolution imagery and other environmental data. The appeal of UAS to researchers is obvious. Not only can UAS potentially obtain timely imagery over areas that are difficult or dangerous to access by traditional means, this imagery can usually be acquired at a lower cost relative to other collection methods (Hardin and Hardin, 2010). The popularity of unmanned aerial systems has coincided with the rapid deployment and use of unmanned vehicles by the military (Newcome, 2004). Militaries in many countries worldwide are either flying UAS on an operational basis or are actively seeking that capability. With this increased interest in UAS, the underpinning technologies—airframe design, materials, aviation electronics, sensor systems, etc.—have also continued to improve. However, the success and proliferation of military UAS has come with an unexpected consequence—more active governmental oversight over all UAS operations. The resulting regulatory burden that must be borne by practitioners wanting to fly civilian UAS represents a substantial impediment to widespread adoption of environmental remote sensing from small unmanned aircraft. Given the promise and challenges of using UAS in environmental remote sensing, more research is called for to: (1) remove the current limitations of the technology; and (2) build effective systems and methodologies for its successful use in environmental applications. Within the foregoing context, this special issue of GIScience & Remote Sensing focuses on the use of UAS for environmental remote sensing. The processing and analysis of the imagery acquired by small-scale UAS remains a significant challenge to efficient use of that imagery. The paper by Laliberte and Rango (2011) continues to advance the leading edge of mapping ground cover from very large scale aerial imagery using automated and object-oriented approaches. In the


The following abridged account of vulvo-vaginitis in children is extracted from a report drawn up by a Departmental Committee appointed by Sir Frederick Menzies, Medical Officer of Health to the County of London, to investigate the clinical aspects of the morbid conditions included under the designation vulvo-vaginitis and to consider the means necessary to prevent the spread of the disease in hospitals, nurseries, and schools in which children may be resident. The full text of the article has been issued for publication under the authority of the Hospitals and Medical Services Committee of the London County Council. The members of the Departmental Committee, who are its joint authors, are:


Abstract Background Purpura fulminans (PF), characterized by the sudden onset of large, rapidly spreading hemorrhagic skin infarctions and associated disseminated intravascular coagulation, is an uncommon medical emergency. Early recognition, prompt antibiotic therapy, and intensive supportive care are essential to reduce the mortality rate of this disease. Case Presentation We report the case of a 28-year-old Chinese man with acute infectious PF. He initially presented with a fever, which rapidly progressed to septic shock, followed by skin lesions and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Computed tomography imaging revealed superior and inferior mesenteric vein thromboses. Although the etiology of the patient's infection was unclear, the patient received early fluid resuscitation, empiric antibiotic therapy, and blood product replacement, which resulted in gradual clinical improvement. Conclusion Sepsis-associated PF may be reversible with timely empirical therapeutic interventions; however, the severity of PF should not be underestimated, and treatment should be tailored to individual patients.


As a new type of transmission,dual clutch type automatic transmission is the most distinguished feature of having two clutch,to improve the performance of vehicle power,economy and the improvement of comfort play a very important role.This paper first on the double clutch type automatic transmission analysis and discussion of the hydraulic system,after the double clutch type automatic transmission hydraulic system design is analyzed.


Abstract A convenient procedure for the Pd(O) catalyzed cross-coupling of monosubstituted acetylenes with aryl halides, in which palladium on charcoal serves as the source of the noble metal is described.


Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an approved and widely accepted standard treatment for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) in high-risk surgical candidates.1 Severe symptomatic AS during pregnancy presents a difficult clinical challenge.2 A 22-year-old female patient presented to our service at 15 weeks' gestation with congenital symptomatic AS. After a thoughtful heart team evaluation, TAVR was recommended to the patient and performed at 22 weeks' gestation. The authors further explore and discuss the preprocedure planning and treatment decisions of this case. The heart team focused on the timing and special considerations needed to ensure the health and safety of the patient and fetus. With careful preprocedural planning, TAVR can be a low-risk treatment option during pregnancy and provide a reliable bridge to a healthy, term delivery.

A 22-year-old pregnant female patient presented with severe symptomatic AS at 15 weeks' gestation. The patient was 165 cm tall, weighed 74 kg with a body mass index of 27 kg/m2 and body surface area of 1.84 m2 at the time of presentation. The patient's clinical history includes congenital bicuspid aortic valve disease, which required balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) at the age of 9 years. Throughout young adulthood, she had been asymptomatic with high levels of activity. Her chief complaints on presentation were increased dizziness, dyspnea on exertion, and chest discomfort. Echocardiography demonstrated a normal ejection fraction, an aortic peak flow velocity of 4.04 m/s, an aortic valve mean gradient of 38.22 mm Hg, an aortic valve area of 1.0 cm2, and mild-to-moderate aortic insufficiency (AI). The ascending aorta was mildly enlarged (3.9 cm). There was mild narrowing of periductal isthmus with no Doppler gradient (Figure 1; Table 1). Stress echocardiography testing showed moderate AI and below-average exercise capacity. The patient completed 8 to 9 metabolic equivalents …


i Acknowledgments Sincere thanks and appreciation are expressed to the representatives of freeway service patrols throughout the U.S., state-level coordinators and program managers, and others who contributed the essential information. Special thanks are extended to This report provides an overview of freeway service patrols (FSPs) in the U.S., including information about organizations and resources, operating practices, vehicles and equipment, and the types and levels of services offered. The information was gathered over a four month period in mid-2008 relying primarily on web searches, telephone interviews, and a survey of FSP operators.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and the depressive symptoms associated to it in medical inpatients. METHODS: All adults consecutively admitted to the medical wards of a University Hospital had their names recorded, were randomized and evaluated during the first week of admission. Socio-demographic data were collected and the Patient Health Questionnaire (question 9, assessing suicidal ideation), the Beck Depression Inventory and the Charlson comorbidity index were applied. The Student t test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Of the 1,092 patients who composed the sample, 79 (7.2%) reported having suicidal ideation. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for gender, age, physical comorbidity and the presence of a depressive syndrome, the following symptoms when in moderate to severe degree discriminated patients who had suicidal ideation: sadness [RR: 3.18; CI 95% = 1.78-5.65; p < 0.001], feeling like a failure [RR: 2.01; CI 95% = 1.09-3.72; p = 0.03], loss of interest in people [RR: 2.69; CI 95% = 1.47-4.94; p = 0.001] and insomnia [RR: 1.74; CI 95% = 1.05-2.89; p = 0.03]. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of suicidal ideation in medical inpatients was 7.2%. When present in a moderate to severe degree, symptoms like sadness, feeling like a failure, loss of interest in people and insomnia should alert the medical team to assess suicidal ideation.


The authors analyze the food security of the Perm Region in the period from 2009 to 2013. The authors con-sider the appropriate criteria and indicators, identify key trends and forward key measures to support the region.


This paper presents new data on the time profiles of the concentration of atomic oxygen obtained during high-temperature oxidation of n-butanol behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range of 1600–2600 K at pressures of 2–3 bar. The kinetics of the reaction of nC4H9OH with atomic oxygen has been studied. As a source of oxygen atoms, a small amount of nitrous oxide N2O was added to the mixture. Quantitative measurements of the concentration profiles of oxygen atoms were carried out using atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy (ARAS) on the resonance line of the O atom (λ = 130.5 nm). Kinetic analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the Chemkin package. The experimental results obtained are compared with actual kinetic combustion schemes of n-butanol. It is shown that the kinetic schemes of n-butanol combustion available in the literature in some cases do not exactly agree with the experimental results. An analysis of possible additions to the existing kinetic schemes was carried out. As a result, it was suggested possible improvement to the existing kinetic schemes for the combustion of n-butanol at high temperatures.


We study spin-2 deformed-AKLT models on the square lattice, specifically a two-parameter family of O(2)-symmetric ground-state wavefunctions as defined by Niggemann, Klümper, and Zittartz, who found previously that the phase diagram consists of a Néel-ordered phase and a disordered phase which contains the AKLT point. Using tensor-nework methods, we not only confirm the Néel phase but also find an XY phase with quasi-long-range order and a region adjacent to it, within the AKLT phase, with very large correlation length, and investigate the consequences of a perfectly-factorizable point at the corner of that phase.


An all fiberized novel sub-ns pulsed fiber laser was presented based on the "figure-of-eight" cavity mode-locking.The output pulse train was directed to pass a fiberized acousto-optic modulator based on first-order diffraction to reduce the pulse repetition rate from 2.78 MHz to 93 kHz by adjustable pulse picking.After the repetition rate decreasing,the peak power of the pulse laser was over 25 kW with the second amplifier,of which slope efficiency was 68.1%.Then the laser was used to excite bismuth doped silica fiber with optimization fiber length of 3m for supercontinuum generation.Finally the obtained laser spanned a spectral range of 1 100~2 200 nm with flatness better than 3 dB.


Tamil Nadu occupies 4.7 lakh ha of salt affected soils, in which 3.0 lakh ha area under inland and 1.7 lakh ha under coastal. Among the 3.0 lakh inland salt affected soils, 2.0 lakh ha occupy alkalinity and 1.0 lakh ha under salinity. In Trichirappalli 18,155 ha comes under alkalinity problem. Guava is one of the commercial fruit crop comes well under salt affected soils. The main problem in yield reduction in guava is due to micronutrient deficiency. Hence the present investigation was conducted at Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Tiruchirappalli during 2020-2021 in clay loam texture with pH -9.23, ESP-36.52%. . The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) on guava cv. Lucknow -49 planted at 3 x 2mspacing with seven treatments replicated three and ten number of plants per replication were taken. The treatments comprised of  T1 – Control, T2 – Recommended Dose of Fertilizers alone (300:150:150 g NPK/tree), T3 – RDF + 100% MN Mixture TN Govt. rec.@500g/tree,T4 – RDF + 125% MN Mixture TN Govt. rec.@500g/tree ,T5 – RDF + 100% Enriched FYM  TN Govt. rec.@500g/tree,T6 - RDF + 125% Enriched FYM  TN Govt. rec.@500g/tree,T7- RDF +1% foliar spray of 100% MN Mixture Tamil Nadu Government (II approximation) rec .The foliar application of these treatments was made at three times of new flush, 30 and 70 days after flowering. The results revealed that the application of RDF + 100% Enriched FYM TN Govt. rec.@500g/tree recorded highest 50% flowering (33.6%), fruit retention (51.5%), highest yield (42.3 t/ha) and quality parameters like TSS (12.80brix) and lowest acidity (0.42%) followed by treatment RDF + 125% MN Mixture TN Govt. rec.@500g/tree and the same treatment recorded the BC ratio of 3.64 while the control with BC ratio of 2.75.


Taking Chen Barag Banner(County) of Inner Mongolia,one of the most important spring wheat producing areas as an example,the spring wheat yield(per unit area yield) was estimated by using China's environmental disaster mitigation satellite data with a resolution of 30 m.The NDVI data of spring wheat at milk ripening period of the satellite on 2009-07-29 were selected,and the relation between NDVI values and wheat yield data was built up.And the estimation model of spring wheat yield was established by using mathematical statistics and regression methods,with the precision validated estimation model by the ground survey spring wheat yield data.The results show that the image extracted NDVI has good singular parabolic line relation,y=cx2+bx+a with measured per hm2 yield of spring wheat.NDVI is closesly related with measurement of spring wheat yield,with the correlation coefficient R being 0.87,the yield estimation difference being-160 kg/hm2,and the error was-3.89%.This indicates that the precision of yield estimation of premature spring wheat using the NDVI of China's environmental disaster mitigation satellite and the model for measuring the yield of spring wheat can also gain the same predicted efficiency by using any foreign remote-sensing satellites.


[Report from a meeting of the Swedish Medical Society. Interdisciplinary cooperation can be necessary to manage constipation and encopresis in children].


COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 is a satellite program designed to deliver next-generation global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) data to users around the world. This program is the follow-on to the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission, which was a joint US-Taiwan 6-satellite constellation demonstration mission launched in April 2006. The COSMIC mission was the world's first operational GPS radio occultation (GPS-RO) mission for global weather forecast; climate monitoring; atmospheric, ionospheric, and geodetic research. The GPS-RO data from COSMIC has been extremely valuable to the climate, meteorology, and space weather communities, including real-time forecasting users as well as U.S. and international research communities. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC reached the end of its design life in 2009 but continues to provide useful data to users around the world five years after its design life. Some of the satellites have exhibited unrecoverable anomalies and have already gone offline. Consequently the critical real-time satellite observing capability is degrading and maybe unavailable for assimilation into the weather forecasting models in the near future. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Taiwan's National Space Organization (NSPO) recognize the potential GPS-RO data gap due to the degrading COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 constellation and agreed to implement the follow-on COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT mission in 2010. Despite all partners experiencing programmatic difficulties in the past several years throughout the course of implementing the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Program, significant progress has occurred over the past year. The program successfully completed the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) in December 2013 and is tentatively scheduled to hold the Critical Design Review (CDR) and Integration and Test Review (ITR) in 3Q 2015. The COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT7 Program continues to make progress and is scheduled to launch 15 May 2016. This paper provides a brief overview of the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Program including the program goals and objectives. It also discusses the status of the various segments of the program including the current satellite design, planned ground system architecture required to meet data latency requirements, launch vehicle development status, and payload development status.


Objective: To assess the outcomes of patients with ulnar impaction syndrome, undergoing ulnar shortening osteotomy. Material and Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal, and ambispective study. In all, 26 patients were assessed, in which an ulnar shortening osteotomy was performed during 4 years, with Mayo and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scales, force measurement, range of motion, and pain. Patients who underwent shortening osteotomy because of ulnar impaction syndrome were included. Frequency and descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon rank sum test for a single sample was performed. It was considered as statistically significant, a value P < .05. Introduction: The ulnar impaction syndrome is a positive ulnar variance, which causes an impingement of the triangular fibrocartilage complex between the ulnar head and lunate in one side and the pyramid on the other side. It is characterized by a pressure increase in a longitudinal direction. Ulnar shortening osteotomy is an alternative management that seeks decompression of the triangular fibrocartilage complex, by an extra-articular ulnar shortening at its distal third, to decrease pain and increase the range of motion. Results: Mean age of patients was 39 years. The predominant sex was male in 67%. In 65% of the cases, the affected hand was the right. The follow-up of the patients was in average 41 months, the patient with a longer observation time was 63 months and the shortest time 13 months. The improvement in pain was evident, from an average of 8 preoperative to 1 postoperative, with mild in most patients with disabling residual pain in only 1 case. Improvement was observed in the range of motion in all patients, with improvement in flexion, extension, radial, and ulnar deviation (P < .05). The Mayo scale reported on average a score of 82. The QuickDASH scale postoperative indicated an average score of 16. With these results, we found that 85% of patients studied had no disabilities, 11% had mild disability, 4% moderate disability, and none presented severe disabilities. The complications were 1 case of nonunion (3.8%), complex regional pain syndrome (3.8%), and did not show any case of infection. In 7 cases (27%), removal of osteosynthesis material was required by pain and swelling at the surgical site. Conclusions: Ulnar shortening osteotomy tight the remaining ligaments and the interosseous membrane, setting the articular surface in a biomechanical advantage. It is an extra-articular simple technique, with a low cost and does not require special implants, which has a tendency to decrease pain and improve functional disability of the limb.


Krimighna Mahakashaya Gana (KMG) is a group of ten medicinal plants indicated in mitigation of Krimi. Those ten drugs are Akshiva, Maricha, Gandira, Kebuka, Nirgundi, Vidanga, Kinihi, Swadamshtra, Vrishaparni and Akhuparni. Present study was aimed at preparation of suitable dosage form from these ten drugs and analyzing them to get preliminary standards. The dosage form in which the drugs should be processed to attain the best possible action is not specified. Rather the freedom of selecting suitable dosage form and mode of administration is left to the desecration of physician. Hence kwatha and taila were chosen as two dosage forms. All the ten drugs were collected, authenticated and processed to make kwatha and taila. The Pharmaceutical data were observed and recorded. Analysis of raw drugs and both prepared medicines were carried out as per the protocols laid down by dept of AYUSH. The pharmaceutical study revealed that there is no pharmaceutical constraint in obtaining the raw materials, preparing both Kwatha and Taila of KMG. Analytical evaluation including HPTLC could generate preliminary standards of KMG as well as Kwatha and Taila prepared by KMG.


The measurement of efficiency has had great attention recently especially for banking industry. To be succesful in a very competitive environment, the first condition is to use the resources efficiently. Inefficient use of resources will lead to fail. The efficient use of resources is important especially for developing countries like Turkey as they do not have enough financial strength comparing to developed countries. This paper presents an efficiency analysis of Turkish banking industry by using Data Envelopment Analysis.


Mitchell and his team of geologists and engineers began working on the shale challenge in 1981, trying different combinations of processes and technologies before ultimately succeeding in 1997 with the use of a "slick-water" frac that made Barnett Shale economical to develop and in turn changed the future of the US natural gas industry [7]. Continuing on Mitchell's success progress followed a path that included horizontal wells, multi-cluster, multistage, hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells and pad drilling, and the rest is history. The success in overcoming the technical difficulties to unlock the huge potentials of oil and gas production from shale is very much tied to an integration of long lateral horizontal drilling, coupled with multistage, multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing that initiates new fractures while activating a system of natural fracture networks in shale. This system of highly permeable conduits introduces the highly pressurized shale formation to a lower pressure, causing a pressure gradient that triggers the flow of oil and natural gas to the surface at very high rates, albeit, with steep decline. Looking at the list of most important technological innovations that have made production from shale possible one can see the challenges that are associated with understanding and modeling and eventually optimizing the production of hydrocarbon from shale. So let us examine what are the realities that we are aware of, and how we go about modeling them in our traditional techniques. First and foremost is the fact that shale is naturally fractured. The natural fractures are mostly sealed by material that have precipitated in them and/or reside in the natural fracture as a result of chemical reactions of the material present in the fractures throughout the geologic time. The only way we can detect presence of the system of natural fractures in the area being developed is by detecting (using logs, video, etc.) the presence of the intersection of these natural fractures with the wellbore. Even when we are successful in detecting the presence of natural fractures, we only have indications about their width (openings) and direction. We


A plastic floor tile comprises a matrix layer, a decoration layer located on the matrix layer and a wear-resisting layer located on the decoration layer, wherein patterns containing light and dark grains are formed in the matrix layer; colors of all parts of the patterns are different due to the differences of the depths of the grains; and the decoration layer is formed by polishing the patterns in the matrix layer. The manufacturing method of the plastic floor tile comprises the steps as follows: a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) sheet material is provided; a graining board having light and dark grains is provided; patterns are pressed on the PVC sheet material by using the graining board; and the pressed patterns are polished and cut, so that a required product is obtained. The plastic floor tile is attractive in appearance, varied in grain and lower in manufacturing cost.


A broadband reflective linear-to-circular polarization converter (LCPC) is designed using a polygon-based single-layer anisotropic-impedance surface on an ultrathin (thickness is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.053\lambda _{\mathbf {0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{\mathbf {0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength corresponding to the mid operating frequency) ground-backed substrate. Using the admittance analysis of the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and extraction of the admittance through the area moment of inertia equations, simple and generalized design guidelines are presented. The proposed polarization converter produces left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) reflected waves, respectively, for the linearly polarized (LP) TE and TM incident waves. It offers 46% (7.62–12.16 GHz) 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) for normal incidences of both the TE- and TM-polarized waves. Moreover, for oblique incidences (up to 30°) of both the LP waves, the ARBW response remains quite stable. The far-field radiation characteristics, which are often not studied, are provided to show its usability as a dual-LP to dual-CP converting reflector for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band communications. The measurement results show good agreement with the numerically simulated results.


INSTITUTIONS (ALL): 1. Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, London, UK 2. Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy 3. Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK 4. Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's, University of London, London, UK 5.Department of Neonatology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, London, UK 6. Women's Health Academic Centre, Division of Women's Health, King's Health Partners Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK 7. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK


A research and development program for a driving simulation facility is described. Two separate devices are analyzed along with results of testing a number of driver subjects. Dynamometer facility simulates driving on a newly surfaced road. Driver reponses are reported on four channels of brush six-channel, ink-writing recorder. Vehicle speed, steering movements, brake and accelerator pdeal action, and the driver's galvanic skin response are recorded along with written notations about the motion picture events being shown to him. A tilting chair facility provides simulation of the physical forces experienced while driving. The essence of this device lies in the fact that both the projection screen and projector are attached to the drivers compartment and, therefore, move with that cockpit when it is tilted. Motion picture techniques are also described. DISCUSSION is presented of what has been learned about driving simulation techniques and what has been learned about driver reactions, responses and opinions. A table presents traffic situations along with the corresponding types of visual display system and example of the types of problems that may be investigated.


Forty women undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia using hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine were randomly allocated to receive either 0.5 mg or 1 mg intrathecal diamorphine. All women received diclofenac 100 mg at the end of surgery and morphine via a patient‐controlled analgesia system. Oral analgesics were not used. Postoperative analgesia was more prolonged and more reliable in the 1‐mg group. Mean time to first analgesia was 10.2 h in the 1‐mg group and 6.9 h in the 0.5‐mg group, and 45% in the 1‐mg group used no morphine, compared with 10% in the 0.5‐mg group. Mean morphine consumption over 24 h was 5.2 mg in the 1‐mg group and 10.6 mg in the 0.5‐mg group. Pain scores all tended to be lower in the 1‐mg group but this was only significant at 4 h. There were no serious side‐effects. Minor side‐effects were common but well tolerated, and the incidence did not differ between the groups. If intrathecal diamorphine is used in combination with rectal diclofenac and without oral analgesia, then 1 mg provides superior analgesia to 0.5 mg without any worsening of the side‐effects.


In order to resolve the throttling loss problem resulting from the condensate pump controlling the water level of condenser with governing valve,the condensate pumps were retrofitted to frequency conversion operation with the control method of one operation and one standby in Shanghai Waigaoqiao No.2 Power Plant.The operation mode of the condensate pumps has been described after frequency conversion.The problems of the control logic,such as the water level of condenser automation and the chain protection between two condensate pumps,have been analyzed.The performance was compared before and after retrofit;the result showed that the condensate pumps operated in the frequency conversion speed regulation mode can effectively reduce power consumption,extend the equipment service life,reduce equipment maintenance frequency and improve units operating economical efficiency.


Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of liver damage induced by Zhixue Capsule. Methods Fourteen adverse drug reaction/event (ADR/ADE) reports on liver damage induced by Zhixue Capsule collected by Jiangsu Center for ADR Monitoring from December 2003 to December 2008 have been analyzed retrospectively. Results Fourteen patients taked oral medication, and their average medication time was 22±15 days. The clinical manifestations of the liver damage were jaundice, fatigue, fever, abdominal distension, anorexia and poor appetite. Liver function examination results of fourteen patients showed that the alanine aminotransferase was in 182~1973U/L, and total bilirubin was in 7.5~118.0μmol/L. Conclusion The observation and evaluation of Zhixue Capsule should be strengthened.


The Institute of Gas Turbines and Aerospace Propulsion at the Technische Universitat Darmstadt operates a transonic compressor test rig that represents the typical front-stage of a turbofan high-pressure compressor. The baseline stator was designed in the 1990s and the geometry no longer conforms to modern turbo machine designs and trends in premature flow separation. This paper presents the modification of the current baseline stator design and the development of a new 3D stator using an automated multi-objective optimization process with more than 70 free design variables, two objective functions and 3D CFD for different operating points. The result of the optimization was a new stator design with distinct 3D features, which shows no signs of flow separation across the whole operation range and homogenous angular distribution of outflow. The isentropic efficiency could thus be increased by a maximum of 2.5% while maintaining the same range of operability. As part of this process, the geometric parameters with the most significant impact on aerodynamic behaviour are identified. Therefore, the focus is on the aerodynamic influence of 3D features such as bow and sweep, which primarily reduce total pressure loss. The presented research work was done in a joint collaboration between DLR Institute of Propulsion Technology and Technische Universitat Darmstadt (GLR).