Backcross breeding enhanced by marker assisted selection is currently the most powerful method used to transfer one or a few genes controlling specific traits from one line into another. This method was used to cross naked barley variety, "Tombari" known as A, having high nutritional quality with hulled variety, "Giza131" called B, highly tolerant to drought. The objective of this work is to transfer the hulless variety into the drought tolerant variety. Five generations were realized. In each one, the best performing lines were chosen based on their agronomic, nutritional and molecular features. In the last generation, five remarkable barley lines were selected (H32, H33, H34, H36 and H47). In order to highlight the allele linked to the nudity trait, molecular profile of sKT7 marker, which is tightly linked to the "nud" locus, revealed two specific alleles (I and II). The first one (51 bp) was found in the two parental lines and their progenies. However, the second one (67 bp) was found only in the naked lines (parent A and progenies). This specific allele found only in the naked barley is different from that found by other researchers in Asia and North Europe. This means that naked barley has undergone multiple mutations. Some of the selected lines subjected to physiological stress induced by PEG-6000 showed greater tolerance to stress than their presumed tolerant parents.

 Key words: Barley, naked, backcross, nutritional quality, drought tolerance.


Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits( LMW-GS) are closely related to processing quality of wheat. The alleles on Glu-A3,Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit in 356 wheat varities( lines) from South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China were detected by STS molecular markers and SDS-PAGE to improve wheat quality. It turned out that: There were 15 kinds of allelic variations in 356 detected varieties. The frequencies of the allelic variations of Glu-A3 a,Glu-A3 b,Glu-A3 c and Glu-A3 d at Glu-A3 locus were 12. 1%,13. 5%,41. 0%,33. 4%,respectively; the alleles of Glu-B3 a,Glu-B3 b,Glu-B3 d,Glu-B3 f,GluB3g,Glu-B3 h,Glu-B3 i and Glu-B3 j at Glu-B3 locus were 8. 71%,8. 99%,23. 0%,5. 90%,7. 30%,3. 65%,0. 28%,42. 1%,respectively; and the alleles of Glu-D3 a,Glu-D3 b and Glu-D3 c at Glu-D3 locus were 40. 2%,29. 8%,30. 0%,respectively. The highest frequency of the subunit combination at Glu-3 was Glu-A3 c / Glu-B3 j /Glu-D3a( 10. 7%). Transformating and pyramiding superior subunits can be helpful in Chinese wheat quality improvement.


Theft of software code is rapidly increasing with the growth of internet all over the world. That becomes the serious issue for the creator of the software code, as they invest their time and money to develop software code. Code for the Web based application can be accessed easily, as they are available as open source. These software codes can be tempered and can be misused any time. The protection of such web application code is essential. For the security of such codes from unauthorized accessibility, number of protection methods have been designed and developed. A model was proposed by Himanshu et al [4] for the protection of copyright of software code. In which few extra character stings were embedded in the encrypted original string. In this model concept of cryptography was implemented. This research paper is presented as the implementation procedure of the Digital Watermarking Technique to secure Intellectual Property Right of the web application code developed in ASP.NET using Visual C# programming language.


We showed that human osteoprogenitor cells produced adenosine and expressed ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase and all four adenosine receptor subtypes. Adenosine stimulated IL‐6 but inhibited osteoprotegerin secretion, suggesting that adenosine is a newly described regulator of progenitor cell function.


Writing has become more demanding in the context of English as a foreign language, particularly in Thailand. Most Thai EFL undergraduates do not know how to connect ideas with lexical items, grammar, and structure when writing an academic essay. These problems occur in Thai EFL writing entirely due to a grammar-based approach to a product and process writing approaches, and even the product-process approach. Writing English grammar correctly is also taken into account for learner assessment. Currently, the innovative genre-based approach has been integrated into academic writing courses. This article aims to review the notions concerning approaches to writing in order to discuss how a writing process can be effectively designed when it is based on the written product. Particular attention in this paper is given to writing approaches that propose the intervention of a genre-based approach to academic writing courses. This article presents two linguistic genre-based approaches: systemic functional linguistics and English for specific purposes. Also, the examine-and-report-back model is proposed as a suitable practical approach for the teaching writing in English at similar stages of teaching and learning cycles.


What factors influence victory or defeat in war? Why are some wars longer and more costly than others? How does public support for a war change during a conflict? Although these types of questions dominate approaches to military history, until recently they have played a relatively small role in influencing how political scientists study war. Realist approaches to international relations, with their emphasis on system structure, suggest that wartime decisions and behavior are largely unimportant in determining the nature of politics during and after a conflict. Rather, realists view war as a scale that balances bundles of prewar capabilities (Waltz 1979; Morgenthau 1954). Given the dominance of the realist paradigm during the past 40 years, studies of behavior within wars are rare compared with analyses of the initiation of conflict. Siverson and Starr (1991, 2) write that "traditionally, the study of war has almost exclusively been concerned with the subject of initial war outbreak." Licklider (1993, 7) states that for both civil and interstate wars, their "causes have been extensively studied while the equally interesting question of how and why they end has been, for the most part, curiously neglected." During the cold war, the study of conflict largely meant the study of how to avoid conflict initiation (i.e., deterrence), and scholars generally ignored intrawar behavior. Even the Correlates of War data set of interstate wars treats each war as an exclusive, single observation (Small and Singer 1982). Furthermore, most challenges to realism, such as the democracies-don't-fight literature, fail to examine wartime behavior. As a result, most studies of conflict have "black-boxed" war, treating it as a single aggregated observation with no disaggregated or internal dimensions. Those studies of wartime behavior that were produced tended to be either case specific (Kecskemeti 1958) or descriptive (Ikle 1971), and only a few general, rigorous analyses of wartime behavior were conducted from 1960 to 1990 (Schelling 1966; Klingberg 1966; Mueller 1973; Bueno de Mesquita 1978; Wittman 1979; Morrow 1985).


Monitoring the progress of labour (child delivery)
is essential for key clinical decisions to be taken to help manage
the wellbeing of both the mother and child during delivery.
The key parameters used by doctors and mid-wives to monitor
labour progression are cervical dilation, uterine contractions,
Fetal Heart Rate (FHR), Fetal Head Station (FHS) and
Progression Angle (PA). In this paper, techniques used in
monitoring the progress of child delivery are reviewed. In this
review, we show how current techniques are used to measure
key parameters with more accuracy and less discomfort to the
expectant mother as compared to old techniques. Taxonomy of
key parameters used for monitoring childbirth progress
(cervical dilation and uterine contractions) is provided vis-a-vis old and novel techniques


Summary An Arthus phenomenon delays removal of the antigen from the area. This is believed to be primarily due to the presence of antibodies. However, a non-specific effect due to inflammation must also be contributory to this slower removal of antigen because removal of a non-antigen from the Arthus reaction area is decreased.


Literature concerning the usage of proton magnetic resonance in soil chemistry is reviewed. The assignments of different types of protons in 1 H-NMR spectra of humic substances are tabulated. Proton spectra of humic acids from southern chernozem and from sapropels of some lakes of Belarus are obtained and analyzed. The fractionation of humic substances into relatively homogenic fractions is recognized as necessary for obtaining qualitative 1 H-NMR spectra.


A new iridoid glucoside, 10-methoxy apodanthoside (1), and a new monoterpene glycoside, (3S,6S)-cis linalool-3,7-oxide O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1′'→5′)-β-D-xylofuranoside (2), were isolated from V. edulis (Rubiaceae), along with eighteen known compounds (3–20), including monoterpenes, iridoid glycosides, and a lignin, which were encountered for the first time in the genus Vangueria,. The structural elucidation of the isolates was based on the analysis of spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS data. Detailed stereochemical studies of 1 and related iridoid glucosides (compounds 3, 4 and 8) were made by matching the calculated ECD peaks with the experimental ones. All isolates were tested for their antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antiplasmodial activities. Compounds 9, 15 and 16 showed good trypanocidal activities against Trypanosoma brucei brucei with IC50 values of 8.18, 9.02 and 7.80 μg/mL, respectively and IC90 values of >10, >10 and 9.76 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 16 showed a moderate activity against Candida glabrata with an IC50 value of 8.66 μg/mL. Compound 20 showed a weak antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 3.29 (SI, >1.4) and 4.53 (SI, >1) μg/mL, respectively.


This article will allow users to search for the necessary information about DDOS attacks around the world and predict future attacks, check whether their network protection is working, and help to debug it. The purpose is to investigate possible DDOS attacks, predict possible attacks on specified IP addresses, attack duration, server load. The object of work is DDOS attacks in the world. The subject of work is the research of DDOS attacks collected from around the world during 2019. The main task of this work is to develop software implementation of the product, machine learning methods that will help to investigate and predict the activities of DDOS attacks. The program should help predict and predict DDOS risks based on previous hacker attacks; predict attack time, number of packets transmitted, server load, etc. This subject area is now, no matter how, but remains one of the most relevant topics from the beginning of the 21st century to the present day and will most likely be relevant in the coming years.


It is well established that patients with hemispatial neglect present severe visuospatial impairments, but studies that have directly investigated the visuomotor control in these patients have revealed diverging results, some pointing to relatively spared visuomotor function. The present study compared the performance of 8 patients with hemispatial neglect and 10 without the disorder after right hemisphere stroke and 10 age-matched controls. Subjects were asked to point either directly towards targets or in the middle of two targets, both with and without visual feedback of the hand and target during movement. No specific impairments were observed for the neglect patients on either timing, speed and end-point accuracy measures for any of the conditions. Despite the failure of our neglect patients to react to stimuli on the contralesional side of space when assessed with paper and pencil tests, we did not find any specific deviations in their movements. Our results suggest that the perceptual distortions present in patients with neglect do not influence their performance on pointing tasks with or without visual feedback of their hand, supporting the view that such patients code spatial parameters for action veridically.


Discusses the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of sucrose and its solutions used for the conservation of waterlogged wood. Possible causes of hydrolysis of sucrose accompanied by a decrease in structural stability of the objects are given, and a sequence of steps for an improved treatment is recommended. The author also discusses other saccharides, polyols, etc., that may have advantages over sucrose.


The experimental program using the Ohio State University Van de Graaff Accelerator is described. Included are sections containing information concerning accelerator operation, the charged particle program, the neutron program, and nonenergetic gamma radiation investigations. (J.R.D.)


In order to improve the oxidation resistance of C/C composites, an inhibitor mixing method was examined in this study. Combinations of oxidation inhibitors, B4C, SiC, and ZrB2 at various mixing ratios were tested in the temperature range from 800 to 1, 700°C. In an optimum mixing ratio, the inhibitor-mixed carbon showed superior oxidation resistance up to 1, 700°C. To understand under-lying mechanisms to yield such superior behavior, oxidation behavior of the inhibitor-mixed carbon materials were examined by measuring mass loss rates at various temperatures. In addition, the cross-sections of the as-fabricated and oxidized materials were observed with various microscopes. Based on these experimental results, it was concluded that the chemical interactions among the three inhibitors played important roles to yield the superior high temperature oxidation-resistance.


Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and psychiatric severe illnesses (PSI) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the link between CVD and PSI has been studied for decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of classical cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, smoking status, alcohol, arterial hypertension, lipid profile) and Framingham Score for the 10-year risk of death from cardiovascular diseases, in different types of severe mental illnesses. On the basis of the premise that patients with psychiatric illness have a life expectancy of 10 17.5 years less than the general population, predominantly associated with cardiovascular disease, we conducted a retrospective study of 165 patients admitted in the psychiatric clinic for a period of 1 year. Cardiovascular risk factors as well as other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (presence of associated medication, renal function, alcohol use) were calculated for all 165 patients. The mean systolic blood pressure was 136.7 mmHg (patient group) compared with 130 mmHg (control group); total cholesterol was 244 mg/dL (patient group) compared with 187.2 mg/dL (control group); and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was 36.7 mg/dL (patient group) compared with 46.4 mg/dL (control group). In addition, the Framingham score was 12.7 in the group of PSI patients compared with 5.47 in the control group. According to our results, the patients with severe mental illness were clearly all at an increased risk of cardiovascular-related death compared with the control group, odds ratio (OR) = 4.030. The highest OR was found in patients with Alzheimer's disease (OR = 62.171), but also in patients with severe depression (OR = 4.371), and patients with schizophrenia (OR = 3.288). On the basis of these results, clinicians should screen all psychiatric patients for increased body mass index, elevated blood pressure, and cholesterol, and begin medical treatment and non-medical intervention to decrease this cardiovascular risk as soon as possible.


Objective: to determine the status and structure of children's disability due to vertebral pathology. Methods: With help of mathematical methods for the statistical processing of socio-sanitary data a comparative analysis of abundance of injuries and spinal pathology among children, and indicators of child disability in 2012 was conducted in eight regions of Ukraine — Donetsk, Kharkiv, Zakarpatian, Chernivtsi, Kirovohrad, Kherson, Poltava and Sevastopol. Results: Level of disability due to spinal pathology among children has no direct relationship to the prevalence of this pathology which may be due to severity of spinal diseases, lack of common methodical approaches to the definition of disability signs of a sick child, and the quality of the provision of orthopedic and trauma care for children in the region. In structure of children's disability due to injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system pathology of the spine is (19,46 ± 1,76) % in average. Herewith the amount of children recognized as disabled persons due to this disorder increases. Peculiarities of the structure of children's disability on nosologies depending on age were revealed. In children surveyed (77,83 ± 0,06) % accounted for dorsopathies, (19,90 ± 0,06) % — for congenital deformities and malformations of the spine, and (2,27 ± 0,002) % — the consequences of vertebral fractures. In disabled children with dorsopathy the majority (70,53 ± 0,06) % were patients with scoliosis. Conclusion: Scoliosis, congenital deformities and malformations of the spine the most often lead to significant limitation of life and disability in children of all ages. However, among patients from 12 to 18 years, in contrast to other age groups juvenile osteochondrosis, intervertebral disc lesions and spondylopathies in cases of systemic diseases can also be cause of disability.


Problems in city street trees planting and green land management were discussed,and some ideas about the design from artistic point of view were suggested.


The relative impact of the indirect and direct determinants of fertility of Pakistani women was assessed using the 1990/91 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). A total of 7926 households was selected and 5713 women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) who had at least one birth were interviewed. Several social, economic, and demographic variables were employed to assess the number of children ever born. Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate four multivariate models of children ever born. The direct and indirect determinants and the control variable of current age were simultaneously entered for each of four models that differed by age: 15-49, 15-24, 25-34, and 35-49 years. There was a 0.5 child difference between children ever born (4.64) and living children (4.11) for the 15-49 age group. This indicates infant and child mortality: 26% of the women experienced at least one child death before the age of 2 years. The oldest group had the lowest percentage ever attending school: 19% vs. 25% and 26% (15-24 and 25-34 age groups, respectively). Education was nonsignificant for the youngest and middle-aged cohorts, but it was negative and significant for the older cohorts. For employment, only the 25-34 age group was negative and significant. Age at marriage and breast feeding were strong and negative for all models. Current use of family planning was positive and significant for the oldest age group and the total. The younger cohorts did not have a negative and significant relationship between education and fertility; and the 15-24 age group living in a major city had significantly higher fertility than their town and village counterparts. The variables that showed differential impact were education, employment, residence, and contraceptive use. Education did not significantly lower fertility for the younger groups, but it did for the older group. Employment significantly lowered fertility for the 25-34 age group. Contraceptive prevalence steadily increased from 7% in the 15-19 age group to nearly 21% in the 35-39 age group.


Based on the environmental status research on 111 sources of drinking water of 87 towns and 15 prefectures in Xinjiang,by analyzing water resourses' environmental quanlity condition and polluted condition,mentioned water resourses' pollution prevention works,and guarantee the safety of water resourses' water quality.


In this study, I examine co-variation between the word-final nasal consonant and anticipatory vowel nasalization in two dialects of Spanish. In Caribbean dialects of Spanish, nasalization has been proposed as allophonic (an intended feature of the vowel) but elsewhere it is presumably coarticulatory (a marker of nasal consonant weakening). I argue that, when differences in the phonological interpretation of nasalization are factored in, the temporal extent of nasalization cannot be exclusively attributed to weakening of the nasal consonant. Twenty-eight speakers from Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) and twenty-six from Buenos Aires (Argentina) were recorded with a nasometer. Findings revealed that when the feature for nasality is phonologized in the representation of the vowel (Santo Domingo Spanish), earlier onset of nasalization can (and does) obtain with little (and arguably even without) weakening of the nasal. By analyzing nasal consonant weakening concurrently with anticipatory vowel nasalization, this study bridges the gap between the aforementioned sources of variation in nasalization.


Social innovation should represent a step forward activation policies, promoting a new balance between economic development and social cohesion, reducing inequalities and vulnerability. The Third sector is a privileged sphere of social innovation: there are many expectations on its ability to provide innovative answers to unaddressed social needs; one area of its intervention are youth policies. In Italy, the Third sector reform established new provisions on volunteering, civil service and social entrepreneurship, which should primarily benefit the youth. It allows to explore the double face of the Third sector transformation and of the European rhetoric on social innovation. On the one side institutions are trying to recognize emerging grass-root practices which combine social involvement, professional fulfillment and political action in order to respond new societal challenges. On the other side, the market is still fundamental in practices and discourses around social innovation, that maintain many contradictions of the activation policies.


A dysfunctional thrombin, Thrombin Quick, derived from the congenital dysprothrombin, Prothrombin Quick, had 3040 percent of normal thrombin activity on the low molecular weight substrates, benzoyl arginine ethylester, tosyl-gly-pro-arg-p-nitroanilide, and carbobenzoxylysine-p-nitro-phenylesier, but only 2-5 percent of normal activity in Factor V and Factor VIII activation and platelet aggregation. Titration with the high affinity competitive inhibitor of thrombin, dansyl-arginine-N-(3-ethyl-l, 5-pentanediyl)amide (DAPA) indicated an active site concentration of 0.4 per mole protein. Further studies indicated that the Thrombin Quick preparation could be eluted from sulfopropyl Sephadex as two components, one of which did not show fluorescence enhancement on treatment with DAPA nor did it possess tripeptidase activity. Further analytical chromatography on sulfopropyl Sephadex indicated that the two Thrombin Quick components are chromatographically distinct from thrombin and that their elution pattern is not altered by treatment with thrombin. Each of the Thrombin Quick components was rechromatographed in the presence of thrombin. There was no indication of interconversion of the two components. The results indicate that the presence of two components in Thrombin Quick is not related to the incomplete cleavage of a 13 residue peptide from the amino terminus of the thrombin A chain which occurs in normal thrombin. A synthetic substrate assay was used to determine relative activities of 0.38, 0.45 and 0.33 for Prothrombin Quick, Prethrombin 1 Quick and Thrombin Quick, respectively, compared to their normal counterparts. The simplest explanation for the occurrence of the two Thrombin Quick species is that they are derived from two genetic allomers of prothrombin.


Through defining the new potential functions,a SAR image segmentation method is proposed based on Bayes belief propagation and regional MRF model.Considering the rich texture information of SAR images,texture features are extracted from the watershed over-segmented regions,and then an MRF model is defined over the region adjacency graph of the initially segmented regions.Features of each small region are denoted by the texture features,the average and variance of the gray level of all the pixels in each region.The associated potential function is defined by the initial segmentation obtained from FCM clustering with the region.The features of the small regions are introduced to the interaction potential function.The new interaction potential function can effectively protect edge and promote regional consistency at the same time.In the experiments,the proposed algorithm is compared with other MRF image segmentation algorithms using real SAR images.The experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective for SAR image segmentation.


Introduction: This study was conducted to check the accuracy and validity of an automated adaptive planning (AAP) method which combines automated re-contouring and re-planning to check for inter-fractional anatomical changes in breast cancer patients receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) based on a weekly computed tomography (CT)-on rails images dosimetrically viewing the magnitude of difference in isocenter shifts and the degree of dose deviations regarding target coverage and dose received by organs at risk. Methods and Materials: Twenty left sided conservative breast cancer patients were selected for IMRT treatment. Automatic generation of the contours on each repeat CT image was performed by mapping the contours from the planning CT image using deformable image registration. 3D- CRT and IMRT plans were automatically recalculated for each patient. The magnitude of isocenter shifts in postero-anterior (PA), cranio-caudal (CC) and right-left (RL) directions was calculated and the degree of dose deviations regarding target coverage and dose received by organs at risk. Results: In the PA,CC and RL directions, 9.2%, 11.4% and 6.4% of the 100 CT scans didn't require any position adjustments. The mean isocenter shifts and standard deviation (SD) were 0.5 & 0.6 +/- 1.1mm, 0.3 &0.4 +/- 0.5mm and 0.2 & 0.4+/- 0.6mm for the IMRT and 3D-CRT plans in the PA,CC and RL directions, respectively. 74.1%, 65.1%, and 55.8% required a shift of 1 - 3 mm; 10.5%, 23.9%, and 33.2% required a shift of 3 - 5mm; and 1.5%, 3.3%, and 5.4% required a shift of more than 5 mm, respectively. With respect to target coverage, the D90[Gy] for the breast CTV was 46.2 Gy and 45.6 for the IMRT and 3D-CRT plans. The mean doses to the heart and left lung were reduced by 5.5 %, 3.7 Gy and 4.1%, 2.6 Gy using the AAP method. Conclusions: The fully automated AAP method using CT on rails for online re-planning was effective in reducing the magnitude of isocenter shifts and compensating for target volume coverage underdosing and higher doses perceived by risk organs caused by anatomical inter-fractional changes in breast cancer patients.


Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer in the world. Over the last years attention has been focused on the role of microRNAs (miRs), small non-coding RNAs molecules, in the tumoral thyroid cell biology, especially in the diagnosis and prognosis of the papillary histotype (PTC). In a recent study of the group, the expression of miRs from the DLK1-DIO3 genomic region has been shown to be decreased in PTC. Importantly, distinct members from this genomic region have already been described as tumor suppressor miRs in several types of cancer. The aim of the project herein was to identify, based on target prediction and gene enrichment analysis, candidate miRs with tumor suppressor potential and to generate DNA plasmid constructions. MiR-495-3p and miR-485-5p were identified as the candidates with the highest tumor suppressor potential role in PTC among more than 50 miRs from the DLK1-DIO3 region. The construction of expression systems containing the miRs was performed based in mollecular clonning methodology and will certainly contribute to further functional validation of the role of these miRs in PTC.


A neurological ailment called dyslexia is characterized by a lack of precise word comprehension and generally poor writing abilities. Males are more likely to be affected than females, and it affects school-age children, placing them at risk for low academic achievement. The handwriting style makes it simple to spot the dyslexia symptoms that are most frequently present. Many machine learning techniques, including deep learning techniques recently, have been applied to numerous kinds of datasets. The suggested technique makes use of a residual neural network to more precisely identify dyslexia, a neurological disease, using handwritten images. The augmentation procedure, which includes rotating all of the photos, is used to preprocess the dataset of handwriting photographs. Because it can withstand noise, the residual neural network generated superior outcomes than the current techniques.


The time-dependent variational principle is applied to the manifold of Gaussian wave packets. The translational and spreading degrees of freedom are treated equally. Comparison is made with frozen Gaussian dynamics and with the exact Schrodinger dynamics.


Autocoun is an attempt to simulate with a computer selected aspects of the counseling behavior of an expert counselor. The intervening activities represent a series of changes in interest and conceptualizations of counseling processes and outcomes. The automated counseling system was constructed to produce two general outcomes. The first is an analysis of certain pupil appraisal data that is found in cumulative folders. The analysis results in a number of predictive statements regarding a student's probable performance in high school and college courses. There are two kinds of validation data consisting of (1) measures of similarity between the automated counseling system and human counselors regarding pre- and post-interview pupil appraisal, and (2) measures of similarity regarding interview out-put, that is, course selections. There is data that hints at the generalizability of Autocoun and its single counselor model.


Fragmentations of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-protected tetrapeptide ethyl esters containing L-proline and L-alanine in the gas phase were examined by the collisional-activated decomposition of the deprotonated molecule and the fragment ions produced by the cleavage of the tetrapeptide derivatives, in which changes in both the number and positions of the prolyl residues were observed, in negative-ion FAB-MS. The cleavage patterns of these ions in the collisional-activated decomposition mass spectra were observed to depend on the number and positions of prolyl residues in the peptide derivatives. These results indicate that the conformational difference in the tetrapeptide derivatives due to the existence of L-proline may be an important factor responsible for the fragmentations of peptide molecules in the gas phase.


There is an urgent need to identify novel cardiovascular biomarkers which can improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction and permit timely-efficacious treatment; necessary to combat the unabated rise in global CVD. Arterial stiffness, representing the ability of an artery to accommodate changes in blood pressure by corresponding changes in dimension, has emerged as an important biomarker of CVD risk. Central (aortic) arterial stiffness, assessed using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), is the reference standard, improving the prediction of cardiovascular events beyond conventional risk factors. Whilst cfPWV is a powerful discriminator of CVD risk, its dependence on blood pressure limits its clinical utility. In contrast to cfPWV, the clinical value of lower-limb arterial stiffness has received little attention and its role in CVD risk is not well understood; its measurement may well improve CVD risk prediction by providing unique CVD risk information. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the clinical utility of lower-limb arterial stiffness, assessed using femoral-ankle PWV (faPWV). Using experimental and epidemiological research approaches, this thesis demonstrated that faPWV can be assessed simply with accuracy and precision and provides additional CVD risk information beyond conventional risk factors and existing lower-limb arterial health measures. The assessment of faPWV also permits determination of the aortic-femoral arterial stiffness gradient (af-SG), a novel biomarker of promising clinical utility. This thesis demonstrated that the af-SG has stronger associations with CVD than cfPWV alone, can be determined with acceptable precision, and is blood pressure independent. These findings indicate that the assessment of lower-limb arterial stiffness could be of clinical utility and may permit better identification of CVD risk.


The invention relates to a method for displaying objects (21) and object data of a design plan on a boundary surface (16) of a room (11), wherein, in a first step, a design plan of the room (11) is selected and loaded in a control device; in a second step, the current display field (25) of a display device (18) is determined; in a third step, the current display field (25) of the display device (18) on the boundary surface (16) is compared to the design plan and the objects (21) of the design plan currently in the display field (25) are determined; in a fourth step, projection parameters suitable for the objects (21) in the current display field (25) are determined and transmitted to the display device (18); and in a fifth step, the objects (21) currently in the display field (25) are projected on the boundary surface (16) by means of the display device (18).


This dissertation represents work on three different subjects relating to quantum gravity and the AdS/CFT correspondence. First, we review a holographic computation of the one-loop corrections to the Weyl anomaly on Ricci flat backgrounds in six dimensions. This allows us to determine the correction to one linear combination of the anomaly coefficients. Then, we will show that these corrections may be obtained from the six-dimensional superconformal index. The second section covers consistent truncations on the Lunin-Maldacena background. We show how to restore minimal supersymmetry to this background by determining the reduction ansatz which includes the graviton and a gauge field of 5d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supergravity. We also discuss our previously unpublished attempt to construct a truncation which includes a scalar field corresponding to the $\beta$-deformation parameter of the dual field theory. We show that if such a solution exists, it must differ drastically from the LM background. Finally, we discuss higher-derivative corrections to black hole solutions and the weak gravity conjecture in a few settings. First we compute higher-derivative corrections to the extremality bounds for black holes which are charged under an arbitrary number of $U(1)$ gauge fields, and determine the constraints implied by the WGC. Next we consider the higher-derivative corrections to thermodynamic quantities for charged black holes in Anti-de Sitter space. We confirm and clarify a previously noted relationship between the shift to the extremality bound and the shift to the Wald entropy. We also show that if the shift in the Wald entropy is assumed to be positive, then the coefficient of the $R_{\mu \nu \rho \sigma} R^{\mu \nu \rho \sigma}$ term in the effective Lagrangian must be positive as well.


The study is the description of a three fluid (electrons, ions, and negatively charged dust grains) model of dusty plasmas which is a strong coupling between the magnetic field and the fluid aspects of the plasma. The generalized vorticities and the associated flows become parallel to each other by satisfying the Beltrami condition. Having solved the steady-state solutions with the Ampere's law for the magnetic field has given rise to a quadruple Beltrami state. The self-organized state has four scale parameters. The dynamics of the magnetic field are illustrated graphically in the x–y plane. The characteristics of the self-organized structures are strongly influenced by the scale parameters and the mass of the negatively charged dust grains. The equilibria magnetic field structures for the Earth's mesosphere revealed diamagnetic behavior. A transition into a paramagnetic state from a diamagnetic state was observed by slightly decreasing the mass of the dust grains. This identification can be useful to study and understand the noctilucent cloud and polar mesospheric summer echo in the Earth's mesosphere. The current study will be suitable to study the environmental and defense science. Moreover, this work will be fruitful to understand the environment of the planet Earth in the future.


Author(s): Simonovis, Juan Pablo | Advisor(s): Zaera, Francisco | Abstract: Since its first proposal by Horiuti and Polanyi, the mechanism of the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene over Pt has been the subject of much debate, and there are some pending questions still regarding the transformations that take place on the surface of the working catalysts. Model studies on ideal transition metal surfaces under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions have allotted very useful information regarding the possible pathways for this reaction. However, past findings from studies with model systems do not always correlate with results obtained under more realistic catalytic conditions.This work has focused on implementing a recently developed operando setup installed in a UHV chamber to follow the evolution of the gas-phase and surface species simultaneously during the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene at atmospheric pressures (~760 Torr) by means of mass spectrometry (MS) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Corroborating past reports, our results have shown that the ethylidyne moieties product of ethylene adsorption on the Pt (111) crystal during reaction are hydrogenated at a much slower rate than gas phase ethylene, ruling them out as a possible intermediate. In addition, it was also found that at low enough ethylene pressures the formation of ethylidyne could be significantly decreased, suggesting that the catalytic reaction takes place over a seemingly clean Pt (111) surface. Additional surprising results have been obtained during the probing of the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen as the possible rate-limiting step in the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene, which is being studied simultaneously following the hydrogen-deuterium (HD) exchange conversion during reactions with H2+D2+C2H4 mixtures. Results show that the rate of HD exchange does not follow linear kinetics, it displays a strong dependence with the pressure of gas phase ethylene and it seems to be minimally affected by changes in ethylidyne surface coverage.


Every student of pre-modern Islamic political, social, economic, or cultural history is aware in a general way of the importance of numismatic evidence, but it has to be admitted that for the most part this awareness is evidenced more in lip service than in practice. Too many historians consider numismatics an arcane and complex study best left to specialists. All too often, historians, if they take coin evidence into account at all, suspend their normal critical judgement to accept without question the readings and interpretations of the numismatist. On the other hand, numismatists, in the past especially but to a large extent still today, are often amateurs, self-taught through practice with little or no formal historical and linguistic training. This is true even of museum professionals in charge of Islamic collections, no matter what their previous training: The need to deal with the coinage of fourteen centuries, from Morocco to the Philippines, means that the curator spends most of his time working in areas in which he is, by scholarly standards, a layman. The best qualified student of any coin series is the specialist with an expert knowledge of the historical context from which the coinage comes. Ideally, any serious research on a particular region and era should rest upon as intensive a study of the numismatic evidence as of the literary sources. In practice, of course, it is not so easy, but it is easier than many scholars believe, and certainly much easier than for a numismatist to become a fully qualified historian in every field of Islamic civilization.


A DNA-based method was applied to the site-selective deposition of Au nanoparticles on Au islands on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate. Au particles of 10 nm diameter were modified with thiolated single-stranded DNA (SH-ssDNA), and then attached to Au islands modified with complementary SH-ssDNA through DNA hybridization. Atomic force microscopy observations revealed that the deposition of Au particles was dependent on the SH-ssDNA concentration in the treatment of Au/HOPG substrates. It was found that Au particles were selectively deposited on Au islands when the Au/HOPG substrate was treated with 100 nmol/L SH-ssDNA.


The process and technological features of soda-absorption desulphurization system for tail gas from sulphuric acid plant in Jinchuan's Chemical Plant are described.The plant adopted a single-absorption process and emitted tail gas with SO2 concentration of 2.0-2.8 g / m3.After being treated by soda solution,the SO2 concentration of tail gas was decreased to below 350 mg / m3 and met the requirement of GB 26132-2010 Emission standard of pollutants for sulphric acid industry.The byproduct sodium sulphate was sent to cleaning section for neutralization with recirculating dilute acid to form sodium sulphate,which then was treated together with acidic wastewater from sulphruic acid plant.


The 12%Cr flow stress curves and formula were got through thermal simulation experiment.FEA method was used to analyze the temperature distribution in the forgings during the cooling process before JTS extend forging process.The temperature gradient near the surface increased with the time of cooling but decreased with the time of staying in the air.The optimal cooling method was determined according to the thermal-plastic curves.The JTS and FM extend forging process were simulated and the effective stress distribution was compared,the effective stress distribution feature of JTS extend forging process was analyzed.Compared with FM extend forging process,larger effective strain could be got inside the forgings in a large range.


Numerous approaches to measuring the quality of websites exist. Twenty-seven empirical studies are typologically classified into six functions. This approach allows captures the broad divisions of website quality as a tabulation from which a comprehensive website quality model is developed. The study suggests breadth is not adequately captured when considering a business's website quality.


Abstract The trans to cis photoisomerization of urocanic acid (UCA) in skin is considered to play an important role in the mechanism of immunosuppression. We have investigated the effects of skin type and various sunscreens with low sun protection factor (SPF) on the UV‐induced cis‐UCA formation in human skin after exposure to artificial IJV light. The rate of cis‐UCA formation depends little on the skin type and is reduced by topical application of sunscreens. The rate of cis‐UCA formation decreases with increasing SPF and only broad‐spectrum, highly protective sunscreens offer protection against the UV‐induced formation of cis‐UCA, which accumulates in the stratum corneum after multiple UV exposures. A theoretical approach to estimate the distribution of cis‐UCA after irradiation indicates that this compound may diffuse into the deeper layers of the epidermis with D ∼ 10−17 m2/s, and that its elimination from the stratum corneum is mainly due to desquamation.


The flash floods analysis, representative for Niraj River between 1970-2008. The need to know the characteristics of the flash floods is derived from the number and the intensity of floods occurred in the drainage basin of the Niraj river. Therefore, there were analyzed only the flash floods representatives for the years: 1970, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2008. The classification of the floods was realized according to the genesis and the flash flood hydrograph shape for the period 1970-2008, before and after the completion of the drainage basin planning/management depending on climatic, morphometric and morphological factors.


The turnover rate of 14C-NE was studied regionally in males of 4 strains of inbred mice. It was found that the highest uptake and most rapid disappearance of this amine was exhibited, in de


In recent years, the analysis of social networks has received considerable attention in the literature because they have a global reach and the large number of data available. For organizations, there are the social networks attractive from the perspective of the promotion of their products and services. And the successful implementation of these activities must take into account a number of factors, existing dependencies in the system and laws for its development. This article is dedicated to study of marketing activities in the social network. The main factors that can influence the result of economic activities are identified. For the study, the authors used data from the groups in the social network VKontakte in the city of Tomsk. For this purpose, the authors calculated network analysis metrics (a clustering factor, a degree, a number of second-level elements) and specific indicators of social groups (activity, popularity). A Java-based program was implemented to collect data and perform group metric calculations. Two regression models have been developed. Also different types of dependencies were studied: linear, hyperbolic, progressive. The first regression model describes the change dependency on the number of members of the group as a result of the competition, based on the number of subscribers and the popularity of the group. The second regression model describes how the value of the advertisement in the group is dependent on the number of subscribers and the indicator of whether the group is the "leader". Both regressions are significant at 99% confidence level. The models can be used in planning and evaluating the results of marketing activities. Keywords—social netwoks; econometric model; marketing activiteis; advertising


The objective of this article is the investigation of the elastic buckling strength of cylindrical simply supported GLARE (GLAss REinforced) panels subjected to axial compression using probabilistic analysis methods, so that the effect of uncertainties associated with material properties and dimensions of the panels on their elastic buckling load can be evaluated. The mechanical properties of aluminum along with the dimensions of aluminum and unidirectional (UD) glass-epoxy layers are considered to be random input variables whereas the critical buckling load is defined as a random output parameter. The employed eigenvalue buckling analysis and the probabilistic finite element analysis were carried out with ANSYS software. The Probabilistic Design System (PDS), along with the Monte Carlo Simulation and the Latin Hypercube Sampling method were used for the calculations. It is found that the thickness of aluminum layers has the strongest effect on the buckling strength, among the considered random input variables. It is also demonstrated that there is a considerable probability for the buckling load of GLARE panels to be overestimated when a deterministic analysis is conducted.


The reform and the innovation to the traditional educational model must be carried out to enhance the actual effect and attractiveness for 05 ideological and theoretical course.Combining "the case teaching,the topic teaching,the class deliberation,the practice experience" as a whole,the anthor analyzes the theory basis,and puts forward the supporting condition for the new pattern implementation.


In the present study,mRNA levels of the ArcA gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype1 were measured during response to stress by growing under anaerobic conditions.Expression levels were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using the housekeeping gene recF as an internal standard.The expression of ArcA was undetectable until about 3 hours under standard culture conditions,but it was promptly and highly expressed in anaerobic culture.The results are consistent with ArcA being a potential virulence gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,and likely playing an important role in pathogenesis caused by this organism.


In order to produce ultrafine grained structures, interstitial-free steel sheets have been processed using a novel severe plastic deformation technique semi continuous equal channel angular extrusion (SC-ECAE) which is based on equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) in an incremental way. The deformation was carried out at room temperature and individual specimen was repeatedly processed to various passes. An overall grain size which is 0.55 μm was achieved after 10 passes (or an equivalent total strain of 4.8). The present paper reports the evolution of microstructures during deformation, which were examined and characterized using high resolution EBSD in a field emission gun SEM. The mechanisms of grain refinement are discussed.


A peroxisomal C‐tail‐anchored type‐II membrane protein, Pex26p, recruits AAA ATPase Pex1p–Pex6p complexes to peroxisomes. We herein attempted to gain mechanistic insight into Pex26p function. Pex26pΔ33‐40 truncated in amino‐acid residues at 33‐40 abolishes the recruiting of Pex1p–Pex6p complex to peroxisomes and fails to complement the impaired phenotype of pex26 CHO cell mutant ZP167, thereby suggesting that peroxisomal localization of Pex1p and Pex6p is indispensable for the transport of matrix proteins. In in vitro transport assay using semipermeabilized CHO cells, Pex1p is targeted to peroxisomes in a manner dependent on ATP hydrolysis, while Pex6p targeting requires ATP but not its hydrolysis. This finding is confirmed by the assay using Walker‐motif mutants. Transport of Pex1p and Pex6p is temperature‐dependent. In vitro binding assays with glutathione‐S‐transferase‐fused Pex26p, Pex1p and Pex6p bind to Pex26p in a manner dependent on ATP binding but not ATP hydrolysis. These results suggest that ATP hydrolysis is required for stable localization of Pex1p to peroxisomes, but not for binding to Pex26p. Moreover, Pex1p and Pex6p are altered to a more compact conformation upon binding to ATP, as verified by limited proteolysis. Taken together, Pex1p and Pex6p are most likely regulated in their peroxisomal localization onto Pex26p via conformational changes by the ATPase cycle.


An analysis of phase variation and phase range of concentric split ring square element for broadband reflectarray antenna is presented in this paper. This element is the combination of a single square element and a ring element where the square element is the modification of the conventional annular ring element which instead of using annul as the hole, this new idea presents a square as the hole in the ring. This will varies the current distribution in the element which will then improves the performance of the bandwidth. The analysis and the design of this reflectarray element is presented based on variable size which operates at the first resonant frequency of 13.44 GHz and at the second resonant frequency of 18.36 GHz. The design procedure and critical parameters consist of phase range and phase slope (or variation) are also discussed. Modifying the current distribution of square ring element, leads to a less steep phase variation and also enhancement on the bandwidth performance (up to 67.6%). The practical phase range is achieved through the use of RF35 as the substrate with the dielectric constant of 3.54 and the thickness of 1.524 mm. CST Microstripes is used as the software tool to get the simulation results.


Controlling the limited water level of reservoir by stage can have more economical benefits with no addition of risk in flood control,and the partition of stages in flood season is the precondition of controlling the limited water level by stage.The fractal theory and the computation of capacity dimension are introduced in this paper,taking the Yichang gauging station of Three Gorges Reservoir as an example,and by using the traditional statistics method and the dynamic fractal dimension method.It is revealed that the periods of Three Georges Reservoir determined by using fractal theory are consistent with that from traditional method,but the method using fractal theory is much more objective,and is feasible and needs to be further discussed and applied.


The authors use a suite of in-situ supraglacial streamflow observations to detail diurnal and seasonal variability in streamflow at the 660 catchment in southwest Greenland. Their analysis shows surface energy flux drivers of surface melt to shift in importance over the timeseries, and that the timing of daily maximum discharge evolves over the season. The authors give a solid introduction and discussion of the existing observations of supraglacial streamflow, and do a thorough job clearly describing the data sets they collected and how they've applied terrestrial hydrology methods to analyze observations of ice-sheet supraglacial hydrology. The figures are largely clear, with a few suggestions listed in the line-by-line comments below.


An enunciation of the need to channelise the flow of credit to certain sectors of the economy, known as the priority sectors, in the largest interest of the country, can be traced to the Reserve Bank's credit policy for the year 1967 - 1968. The government initiated measures for social control over banks in 1967 - 1968 with a view to securing a better adaptation of the banking system to the needs of economic planning and it is playing a more active role in aiding sectors like agriculture and small scale industries (SSIs). The present study is an attempt to study the priority sector advances by the public, private and foreign bank groups. This study is based on the parameters like lending to priority sector by public, private sector and foreign bank groups, targets achieved by public, private sector and foreign bank group NPAs (Non-performing assets), while lending to priority sector. On the basis of these parameters, the study concludes that public sector banks have not achieved the target of 40% while private sector banks have achieved the overall target. No private sector bank could achieve the 10% target by lending to weaker section. On the other hand, foreign banks have achieved the small scale industries' export credit and overall target. NPAs of public sector banks have increased because of high priority sector advances. The paper also throw light on the problems or issues which arise due to priority sector advances and also suggest some strategies to sought out these issues. All the parameters have been analyzed for the period, 2006 - 2007.

 Key words: Priority sector advances, targets achieved, issues, strategies.


In this paper, we consider formation shape control of moving agents in the plane, which has been examined for several years. We use distance-based control approach to achieve desired formations by controlling the relative distances between agents. Although there are various control schemes in the literature to control the moving agents, gradient control shows us a quite systematic way. However, one of the main problems in the gradient control happens when the agents are in an invariant subset under the collinearity, namely the agents cannot escape from the invariant subset under the gradient control. We propose a modification of the gradient control to solve the problem faced in the preliminary literature. Using the proposed control laws, we examine the convergence of distance errors to confirm that we are able to achieve the desired formations. Simulations supporting our results are provided.


ABSTRACT This article presents the findings from research conducted by Pauktuutit, an Inuit women's organisation, and the University of British Colombia into the gendered social impacts of resource extraction in Qamani'tuaq, Nunavut Territory, Canada. The research used a range of different methods and contributes to a growing body of global evidence on the social impacts of resource extraction on indigenous women and families. It reveals the complex effects of resource extraction on Inuit women's lives, at the individual, family, and community levels. This kind of research is urgently required to ensure that policies on natural resource extraction are developed that support the interests and needs of the women, men, and children most affected by mining.


The Eurotop Manual, based on the TAW guidelines, recognizes the reducing effect of a vertical wall or a berm on wave overtopping over an impermeable slope. Nevertheless, these reduction factors are only introduced in the formula for breaking waves. Furthermore, the berms for which reduction factors are proposed are mainly located below the SWL. In this paper, the reducing effect of a berm above SWL, a vertical wall and the combination of both are investigated. Reduction factors have been deducted, and are introduced in the existing overtopping formulae for an impermeable slope.


The article is devoted to normality assumption in statistical data analysis. It gives a short historical review of the development of scientific views on the normal law and its applications. It also briefly covers normality tests and analyzes possible consequences of using the normality assumption incorrectly.


A Leibniz n-algebra is a vector space equipped with an n-ary operation which has the property of being a derivation for itself. This property is crucial in Nambu mechanics. For n ˆ 2 this is the notion of Leibniz algebra. In this paper we prove that the free Leibniz …n‡ 1†algebra can be described in terms of the n-magma, that is the set of n-ary planar trees. Then it is shown that the n-tensor power functor, which makes a Leibniz …n‡ 1†-algebra into a Leibniz algebra, sends a free object to a free object. This result is used in the last section, together with former results of Loday and Pirashvili, to construct a small complex which computes Quillen cohomology with coe1⁄2cients for any Leibniz n-algebra. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi®cation: 17Axx, 70H05. 1 Introduction Leibniz algebras were introduced by the second author in [4]. They play an important role in Hochschild homology theory [4], [5] as well as in Nambu mechanics ([6][10], see also [1]). Let us recall that a Leibniz algebra is a vector space g equipped with a bilinear map ‰ÿ;ÿŠ : gn g! g satisfying the identity: …1:1† ‰x; ‰y; zŠŠ ˆ ‰‰x; yŠ; zŠ ÿ ‰‰x; zŠ; yŠ: One easily sees that Lie algebras are exactly Leibniz algebras satisfying the relation ‰x; xŠ ˆ 0. Hence Leibniz algebras are a non-commutative version of Lie algebras. Recently there have been several works dealing with various generalization of Lie structures by extending the binary bracket to an n-bracket (see [1], [2], [9], [11]). In this paper we introduce the notion of a Leibniz n-algebraÐa natural generalization of both concepts. For n ˆ 2 one recovers Leibniz algebras. Any Leibniz algebra g is also a Leibniz n-algebra under the following n-bracket: ‰x1; x2; . . . ; xnŠ :ˆ ‰x1; ‰x2; . . . ; ‰xnÿ1; xnŠ ŠŠ: Conversely, if L is a Leibniz …n‡ 1†-algebra, then on Dn…L† ˆLnn the following


There is no doubt as to the inevitability of death. It is the only event in the entire psychobiological organism which, once birth has taken place, is predictable beyond dispute. And yet the subject is the most significant taboo of our society, replacing sex as an object of repression. Why? Ernest Becker's compelling exploration into our innate fear of death is the recipient of the 1974 Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction. Becker, a cultural anthropologist, has composed a brilliant synthesis of psychoanalytic and humanistic thought. He examines the work of Freud, Rank, Jung, and Kierkegaard and .argues for a merger ofpsychologyand mythicoreligious perspective. With great intellectual breadth he portrays how we attempt to transcend death in culturally standardized ways. "Religion alone gives hope, because it holds open the dimension of the unknown and unknowable." He discusses religion as a cure for neurosis, its fusion with science, and the impulse toward both narcissistic isolation and Christian agape. Ironically, Ernest Beckerdied ofcancer a few months after the publication of The Denial of Death.


Abstract A stratigraphic model is described for Western Irian Jaya that highlights the Permian, Triassic, and Early to Middle Jurassic as favorable times for the development of sandstone reservoirs. In addition, other periods with significant sandstone deposition include a regressive sequence in the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary, a short period within the Late Oligocene, and a relatively recent but potentially thick sequence in the Pliocene. In the older, Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic sections not enough is known about faulting that is thought to have occurred in two or three phases (Permian?, mid-Triassic and Early Jurassic), and which is expected to have controlled deposition. The Late Cretaceous to Paleocene and Late Oligocene sands were deposited during a prolonged period dominated by carbonate sedimentation. The sources of these sand and nature of any potential seals are considered, as well as the erosional effects of a regional unconformity that may have removed the older of these two sequences. The Pliocene sands were rapidly deposited in new Basins controlled by a widespread tectonic change. The textural and mineralogical maturity and distribution of these young sands is an important consideration in evaluating reservoir potential.


When contacts close, any contactor bounce is undesirable since this causes arcing which shortens the life of the contacts. A method of reducing contactor bounce using fuzzy control is proposed. A model of a widely used contactor has been created for experimental purposes. This model is described. The proposed fuzzy controller takes as input the relative position and relative velocity of the contacts and provides as output a voltage which controls the rate of closing of the contacts. Experimental results are presented for the simulation of contact bounce with and without fuzzy control. It is demonstrated that, even with a relatively simple fuzzy rule base, bounce duration and number of bounces can be effectively reduced.


The invention discloses an efficient compound scale inhibitor, which is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 10-15 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 3-5 parts of benzotriazole, 2-5 parts of methanesulfonic acid, 5-8 parts of polyepoxysuccinic acid, 6-9 parts of sodium tungstate, 2-5 parts of thiourea, 7-12 parts of surfactant and 30-40 parts of deionized water. The efficient compound scale inhibitor has the characteristics of being stable in chemical property in water, not easy to hydrolyze and the like. The sodium lignin sulfonate is a compound preparation with a good synergistic treatment effect, and can effectively prevent water scale and a microbial sticky body from forming. An acid corrosion inhibitor thiourea is added, so that corrosion on porcelain, stainless steel and metal surfaces caused by the acid system is greatly reduced. The 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid can form a stable complex together with a plurality of metal ions such as iron, copper and zinc, and the oxide on the metal surface can be dissolved. By adopting the efficient compound scale inhibitor, the defects of the existing scale inhibitor are improved, and the efficient compound scale inhibitor has a good scale inhibition effect and an obvious threshold effect.


Using methods of IR transparency spectroscopy in a range of 1200 – 200 cm and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a range of 200 – 2500 nm the character of interaction in the systems Ge-In2O3, Ge-In2SnO5, GeLnInO3 (Ln La, Sm, Eu) is investigated. Essential change in spectral characteristics of systems with the appearance of new bands and disappearance of previous ones is established at annealing of composites of Germanium metal oxide composition which confirms the fact of oxidation-reduction interaction between components with formation of volatile products, mainly In2O and GeO. Thermodynamic calculations well coincide with experimentally established values of conditional temperatures of evaporation. Systems are perspective for obtaining thin-film coatings interference optics of a IR range of a spectrum.


The Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxy gen Demand, and the Total Carbon of the waste water efflu ent of a citrus processing plant were compared. Equivalent solutions of pectin, sucrose and orange juice were tested in like manner. One citrus processing season was considered. Some statistical evaluations are presented in comparing the three methods of analysis. The consideration due a waste water treatment plant has risen to the level of an important coprocess for a Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 89: 1976. processing and handling facility, both technically and economically. This has happened because new legal re quirements have been established in the last four years and our awareness of the importance that ecology plays has resulted in a more conscientious approach. Accurate methodology to determine the waste loads is necessary to facilitate better control. An existing waste treatment facility now requires a close understanding of the processing and handling procedures to facilitate the best control. Three methods of waste effluent analysis are compared for this consideration. Materials and Methods The oxygen rate demand for an organic waste to com pletely support aerobic fermentation is measured by the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) (1). This is the official test method for the evaluation of a waste water effluent. It has been in use for over a hundred years and is noteably 175 subject to variations up to 200% with waste load changes in concentrations, components, pH, etc. While this test method is aimed directly at the problems as presented by nature, it is . hard to interpret the results for a varying waste profile. Five days are needed for the completion of the test. The second method, and sometimes used as an alternate to the official method, is the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (2). This test method is complete in its oxidation of waste materials and shows a good duplication of results. It is not sensitive to the same degree or substances as the BOD method, but it does show errors due to inorganic reactions. This method uses a boiling chromic acid solu tion as the oxidizing agent which entails a serious human hazard. A group of 6 samples may be run in 1 to 2y2 hours. The third method considered here is the Total Carbon (TC). This is a very new procedure by which carbon containing compounds are oxidized in a stream of oxygen and the carbon dioxide resulting is determined by I. R. spectroscopy. It is being accepted officially in some areas. The method measures the total inorganic carbon (CO2) directly. After complete oxidation it can determine the total carbon. The difference between the TIC and the TC is equal to the total organic carbon (TOC). The method shows an excellent duplication of results (less than ± 3% variation). The time required to finish the determination is about 5 minutes. Results and Discussion Figures 1, 2 and 3 compare the results of analysis of three substances, a solution of pectin, sucrose and orange juice by the three methods. The COD and TC methods show fair to good agreement while the BOD method shows orange juice to stand uniquely alone. Figures 4, 5 and 6 are respectively that of sucrose, pectin and orange juice for each of the three methods being compared. The BOD reading in each case shows the lowest correlation, that of the COD and TC are quite close together and show a very good correlation. The higher correlations (R) indicates less scatter of points about the regression line. Figures 7 through 12 shows a series of 3 consecutive waste treatment stages and the correlation of COD/BOD and TC/BOD in that order. The three stages of waste water treatment are as follows:


Four species of the Stellaria genus (Caryophyllaceae family) have been analyzed for their free amino acid content using reversed-phase high-perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after derivatization with phenylisothio-cyanate. Identification and estimation has been performed with comparing to authentic standards. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of 20 amino acids has been performed for the aerial part of Stellaria media, Stellaria dichotoma, Stellaria nemorum and Stellaria holostea. The estimated content of individual amino acids ranged from 0,002 to 0,50 mg/g (dry weight); the sum of all measured substances reached up to 2,3 mg/g for Stellaria dichotoma and was the lowest for Stellaria nemorum. According to the experimental data the most abundant amino acids for the aerial part of Stellaria media are asparagine, glutamine, proline, arginine, cystin+cysteine, tryptophan, for Stellaria dichotoma are asparagine, glutamine, tryptophan, for Stellaria nemorum – proline, for Stellaria holostea – arginine, proline, glutamine, alanine.


Abstract An interesting relation between the Towers of Hanoi and the binary numerals is proved; that is, the disc to be moved in step x is precisely the position of the rightmost 1 in the binary repressntation of x, if the discs are numbered 1, 2, 3, …, n from the smallest to the largest. A simple iterative algorithm for solving the Towers of Hanoi problem is also presented, using the above relation. Finally, an observation concerning the iterative programming is made.


Australian media preoccupation with the Muhammad Dawood aka David Hicks case - along with the September 11 atrocities, the Bali, London and Madrid bombings and the Iraqi war - has assured Islamist terrorists like the Taliban, Usama bin Laden's al-Qa'ida and militant Pakistani, Indonesian, Somali, Sudanese, Iraqi, Bangladeshi, Mindanaon and Thai jihadists, a regular spot on prime-time television. This plethora of information or misinformation has encouraged some people to rush to judgment on topics like Islam and the nature of the threat posed by fundamentalist Islamists to their less radicalised fellow Muslims and to Western democratic institutions.


The proposed real-time intelligent model for the injection molding process control consists of the initial parameters setting and online defects correction. First, preliminary optimization based on a simplified simulation model is used for the initial setting. This simplified model adopts a geometric approximation of the original part by a rectangular edge-gated plate. Then, the molding trial will be run on the molding machine by using the initial process parameters. And a fuzzy inference model based on expert knowledge is developed for correcting defects during the molding trial. This defects correction procedure will be repeated until the part quality is found satisfactory. A corresponding intelligent system has been developed that is integrated with the injection machine by communicating with the controller. The system can be used to optimize process parameters real time. Experimental studies have been carried out for verification. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers.


III We have developed an Automatic Face Recognition (AFR) System that uses the Adaptive Clustering Network (ACN)-a hybrid classifier that combines neural network learning with statistical decision making. The ACN automatically groups similar faces into the same cluster and creates new clusters for novel input faces. During training, the ACN updates the clusters continuously, and multiple clusters are created for the same subject to accommodate variations in the presentation of the subject's face (for example, changes in facial expression andlor head orientation). With incremental training, new subjects and further variations of existing subjects may be added on line without retraining the classifier on previous data. During the testing process, the ACN associates an input face with the cluster that most closely matches the face. The ACN minimizes misidentifications by reporting completely novel input faces as "unknown." In addition to the ACN classifier, the overall APR system includes a preprocessing stage that removes the background in an image and centers the face in the image frame, and a feature-extraction stage that compresses the data. The system requires relatively simple processing and has been implemented in software on a SUN workstation. The preliminary results have been encouraging. Using imagery of eight subjects taken with a video camera, the system achieved a correct-classification performance of 99% with no misidentifications.


In a previous work, the authors have introduced a Lin-Lu-Yau type Ricci curvature for directed graphs, and obtained a diameter comparison of Bonnet-Myers type. In this paper, we investigate rigidity properties for the equality case, and conclude a maximal diameter theorem of Cheng type.


Android is the most popular operating system for mobile devices nowadays. Permissions are a very important part of Android security architecture. Apps frequently need the users' permission, but many of them only ask for it once—when the user uses the app for the first time—and then they keep and abuse the given permissions. Longing to enhance Android permission security and users' private data protection is the driving factor behind our approach to explore fine-grained context-sensitive permission usage analysis and thereby identify misuses in Android apps. In this work, we propose an approach for classifying the fine-grained permission uses for each functionality of Android apps that a user interacts with. Our approach, named DroidGem, relies on mainly three technical components to provide an in-context classification for permission (mis)uses by Android apps for each functionality triggered by users: (1) static inter-procedural control-flow graphs and call graphs representing each functionality in an app that may be triggered by users' or systems' events through UI-linked event handlers, (2) graph embedding techniques converting graph structures into numerical encoding, and (3) supervised machine learning models classifying (mis)uses of permissions based on the embedding. We have implemented a prototype of DroidGem and evaluated it on 89 diverse apps. The results show that DroidGem can accurately classify whether permission used by the functionality of an app triggered by a UI-linked event handler is a misuse in relation to manually verified decisions, with up to 95% precision and recall. We believe that such a permission classification mechanism can be helpful in providing fine-grained permission notices in a context related to app users' actions, and improving their awareness of (mis)uses of permissions and private data in Android apps.


Althenia F.Petit is a submerged aquatic plant genus, which is represented by two species in the world. Althenia species are found mainly in brackish water lagoons and in salt lakes. The genus has only one species in Turkey, Althenia orientalis (Tzvelev) Garcia-Mur. & Talavera which was collected from Turkey in 1959 and published in 1975. Since then, it could not be collected again and was assessed as extinct in Turkey. We performed field studies to collect the species in May 2017 and June 2017. We managed to find the species in its original locality. We measured chemical and physical properties of the water bodies it is growing. Additionally, we provide the stem anatomy of the species based on Turkish material for the first time. The single locality of the species in Turkey is a hypersaline lagoon lake (Lake Tuzla, Adana). Only dense Ruppia maritima L. population accompanies the species. Althenia orientalis grows in slightly alkaline and warm waters. The population size is small, covering approximately 500 m2 area. The plants future presence is threatened by severe human pressure (i.e. pollution due to construction waste deposits and dense agricultural activities).


(1) We made researches and experiments to find out working conditions which affect anticorrosion under phosphate film formation on steel plates.(2) We found relation between grain sizes of crystals shown on phosphate film and working condition.(3) We gathered data in respect to the same working conditions mentioned above which are applied.


The Internet of Things (IoT) enables us to record a vast amount of information about activities, the environment and the physiological state of a person. In particular, wearables promise the development of new methods for prevention and treatment of diseases. Clinical studies often involve multiple devices from different manufacturers, which make use of different data formats and usually offer no way to synchronize them. Additionally, existing analysis tools are often tailored to a very specific use case. Thus, professionals working with data collection and analysis execute a lot of manual work to gather and combine the recorded data. This paper presents ALPS, an extensible web platform with an integrated event-based synchronization method that enables researchers with clinical and engineering background to analyze multimodal sensor data. Plug-ins for new devices, filtering and analysis methods allow the customization for different research scenarios. A case study on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) shows that the platform simplifies the comparative analysis of multiple signals and supports the exploration of data from different wearables.


We describe our experience with the object-oriented design methodology OMT [19] applied to a project in an undergraduate software engineering course at Carnegie Mellon University. The project involved 30 students previously unfamiliar with objectoriented modeling. They designed and implemented a system of 125 classes (27,000 lines of C++ and C code) in the relatively short time of 15 weeks. We describe the overall structure of the project and the system model, the usefulness of OMT and its impact on communication, and discuss some of the problems encountered during the development of the system.


General aviation pilots and operators in Canada have identified the need for an improvement in coverage offered by the existing system of navigational aids. A recent study for the province of Ontario examined methods currently available to resolve this deficiency and concluded that loran-c offered the best combination of benefit, low cost and compatibility with more sophisticated systems. For surface vehicles, the use of loran-c based vehicle tracking systems has a number of potential applications, including security armoured vehicles, police and emergency vehicles, intercity buses and long haul trucking. The purpose of this project was to identify the number, potential location and estimated costs of the additional loran-c transmitters required to provide full coverage over the entire country. Results indicate that it is feasible to provide 1/4 nautical mile accuracy or better loran-c service throughout the specified region with implementation of seven new Canadian transmitters, added to existing chains or configured in two new chains.


The project aims to help people especially those who are working in call centres to enjoy eating noodles easily and quickly during their short breaks. The unique feature of this instant noodle vending machine is that it eliminates the use of plastic or paper cups during dispensing. Instead, cooked noodle mix is directly dispensed into the mug provided by the user. The working prototype is flexible to dispense crushed noodles, four different flavours to choose from, and hot water. The dispensing process is sequential which starts from the detection of the cup, crushed noodles dispensing, seasoning dispensing based on the desired flavour, and lastly, the water injection. The researchers were able to design and fabricate the machine based on set standards with an acceptable percent error which are within the tolerance limits. The working prototype was fabricated, and statistical results showed an acceptable range of values.


In order to cultivate the students' engineering practice ability, moreover, help them to realize the bright future of the electromagnetic launching technology in military field and to understand the basic principle and fundamental structure of the Gauss Gun, the experimental model of electromagnetic launcher has been constructed, which adopt the serial-type to combine the multi-staged coils for accumulating. The infrared photodiode has been used to detect the position of the projected subject, and the MCU has been used to record the time when the projected subject arrive to the photodiode and calculate the speed of it. Based on the analysis of when to turn on or off each accumulating coil, the MCU controls the power supply. This module block has been proved to meet the requirement of the experiment in the service test.


Gerard G. Gold is a Senior Program Officer at the National Institute for Work and Learning, an independent, non-profit policy research organization in Washington, D.C. Dr. Gold directed NIWL's Industry-EducationLabor Collaboration Project. Powerful ideas, not powerful funding, have always been the strong suit for both career education and local collaborative councils. The rapid dissemination and acceptance of the ideas of career education and community collaboration are the result of using modest amounts of dollars to implement well-designed strategies based on accurate forecasts of institutional needs, resources, and constraints.


In order to satisfy increasing demand for personalized products, through analysis characteristic parameters of individual factors such as the various parts of the body size, body weight, body surface area, factors affecting the performance of the machine and their mathematical relationships, three levels of customization model based on human engineering by using mechanics and control theory was established to help designers to design personalized products, best meet customer's all aspects of demand. Finally, three levels of customization model was applied to Man-machine system (human-bicycle system for the design case) to show application of the model.


This study focused on the Mpango wa Kando campaign that has been running in the Kenyan mass media since 2009. For several years since HIV/AIDS was declared a national disaster, many organizations including the government of Kenya have put up a spirited fight against HIV and AIDS through a number of multi-media strategies. One of these strategies has been the Mpango wa Kando campaign by Population Service. The specific objectives of the study established the level of knowledge derived from Mpango wa Kando adverts by married people and those in stable relationships and, whether people in marriage and those in stable relationships pay attention to the Mpango wa Kando adverts in the Kenyan mass media. The key findings of the study were that the Mpango wa Kando campaign did not have much impact in changing people's sexual behavior and knowledge on extra marital affairs. The study established that many people feel that the mass media in Kenya are not doing enough to fight HIV AIDS. Many of the respondents and informants felt that Mpango wa Kando campaign should offer more practical solutions such as marriage counseling services. The media in Kenya were also challenged to come up with well-researched documentaries that address behavior change issues instead of relying on campaigns from government and nongovernmental organizations alone.


Boko Haram (BH) is an insurgent group that operates mainly in northeastern Nigeria. Its stated aim is to establish an Islamic state, and it employs terrorism as its strategy. Earlier interests of security analysts centred on the drivers of BH uprising and the possibility of its internationalisation. Today's concerns relate more to why the rebellion has lasted this long. In toeing the same line, this article demonstrates that BH is a purposive terror group against which the government has evolved no viable strategy. It examines some gains of BH over the past six years and how it benefitted from the government's underestimation of its capacity and determination. It concludes that to effectively engage BH, the Nigerian government must revaluate its threat and sincerely pursue an expanded strategy beyond the current military-centric approach. To be effective, government's response must be packaged in such a way as to enhance human security in the region.


The invention discloses a cushion capable of keeping correct sitting posture while safely supporting lumbar vertebra and pelvis. The central part of the upper end of the cushion for supporting lumbar vertebra disclosed by the invention has a certain curvature corresponding to the shape of the pelvis, and a fixed framework is disposed on the upper part of the rear end of the cushion for supporting lumbar vertebra and contains a bracket for supporting lumbar vertebra part. The upper part of the cushion for supporting lumbar vertebra forms a curvature corresponding to the curving state of the pelvis, so that the pelvis is supported; the stability of the lumbar vertebra part is ensured via the lumbar vertebra bracket, and a correct sitting posture is ensured; therefore, lumbar disease and pain are not induced even in the case of sitting for a long time by keeping the correct sitting posture.


The luminance, or brightness, produced by a traffic sign at night is a function of several different factors including the performance of the retroreflective sheeting, the light output of the headlamp, the geometry between the headlamps and driver, and the position of the sign relative to the vehicle. In this study, the author calculated luminance for 27 different combinations of the factors affecting sign luminance. The result is eight figures comparing the sign luminance for the analyzed conditions to the luminance required for a dark rural or suburban roadway environment. The results indicated that there can be a wide range in luminance performance depending on the input variables, many of which are beyond the control of transportation agencies. The final comparison found that the difference between the best- and worst-case combinations of input variables resulted in a luminance difference of over 2,000%. Such a wide range of performance measurement means that traffic sign sheeting that is selected based on performance for a specific set of circumstances may perform in a vastly different manner because of other factors such as the type of vehicle, the headlamps on the vehicle, the roadway geometry, or the position of a sign relative to the roadway and vehicle.


Codot coffee from Tanggamus, Lampung is one of Indonesian specialty coffee with a very limited production. In this research, an authentication study for the Codot ground roasted coffee was conducted using UV-vis spectroscopy and chemometrics. A total of 330 samples of pure and adulterated Codot coffee was prepared. The adulterated Codot coffee samples were intentionally created by adding a regular coffee (non-Codot coffee) into pure Codot coffee samples with three levels of adulterations: low (10-20%), medium (30-40%), and high level (50-60%). All samples were 0,29 mm in particle size. The extraction procedure was performed with hot distilled water (98°C). The spectral data of coffee samples were acquired using a benchtop UV-visible spectrometer in the range of 190-1100 nm using a transmittance mode. The result showed that the pure and adulterated samples could be discriminated along PC1 and PC2 axis. The classification model was developed using LDA with 90,91% of accuracy could be obtained. The LDA model was used to classify the new samples and resulted in a sensitivity (SEN) of 100%, specificity (SPEC) of 76,67%, precision (PREC) of 78,13%, and accuracy (ACC) of 87,27% could be obtained. Using PLS regression, a PLS model was developed to quantify the percentages of Codot coffee adulteration and resulted in high of coefficient of determination both in calibration and validation (R2kal = 0,99 and R2val = 0,98). These results showed that UV-vis spectroscopy and chemometrics are suitable for authentication of Codot specialty coffee with RMSEP = 2,68% and RPD in prediction of 6,49.

Keywords: authentication, LDA, PCA, PLS regression, UV-vis spectroscopy


The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether EQ-5D is a valid measure of Health
Related Quality of Life of psoriasis patients. The objective was carried out by investigating
the correlation between the EuroQol EQ-5D and two other Health Related Quality of Life
measures, Dermatology Life Quality Index and a Visual Analogue Scale assessed by the
patient, as well as two clinical outcome measures assessed by the physician. Furthermore, the
objective was to investigate whether the EQ-5D systematically differs from the other Health
Related Quality of Life measures. The quality of life was measured in 2085 patients with
psoriasis in PsoReg, a national registry for psoriasis patients in Sweden. Dermatology Life
Quality Index has shown to be a valid measure in psoriasis patients in previous research and it
correlated moderately with the EQ-5D in this study. There was a low significant correlation
between the EQ-5D and the clinical outcome measures. Limited evidence implies that the EQ-
5D differs systematically from the other quality of life measures regarding age. This study
suggests that the EQ-5D is a valid measure of Health Related Quality of life of psoriasis
patients. Nevertheless, both generic and disease-specific instruments can contribute in the
assessment of quality of life of patients with psoriasis.


The Chicago epidemic of septic sore throat reported by Capps and Miller1 was traced to a contaminated milk-supply at Batavia, Ill. It was found that on a number of farms supplying milk to Dairy X, sore throat occurred in the milkers, and mastitis appeared in the cows; in some instances the sore throat appeared first, and in other instances the mastitis preceded the throat infections. These facts bring up the question whether or not it is possible for milkers suffering with sore throat to infect the teats or udders of cows by contaminated hands or otherwise during the process of milking. The question of the susceptibility of the cow to human streptococci is also involved. In an attempt to clear up these points some experiments were designed to test the pathogenicity of human streptococci for cows, and to determine possible avenues of udder infection through the teats. For this purpose a healthy milch cow was obtained, giving at the time about 16 quarts of milk in twenty-four hours. Examination of the udder revealed no lesions, and examination of the milk from each quarter after proper cleansing of the teats showed no hemolytic streptococci on blood agar plates. Leukocytes in the milk from the quarters numbered from 10,000 to 30,000.2


The assignment problem of matching the elements of two sets at some cost or to some benefit is well known and can be solved in polynomial time. However, many applications, particularly those in remote sensing and computer vision, require matching elements from more than two sets at some cost. Such problems are called multidimensional assignment problems and are known to be NP-hard. For time-critical applications and nontrivial multidimensional assignment problems, fast near-optimal algorithms are the only alternative. This paper compares three such algorithms: greedy, limited branch and bound, and Lagrangian relaxation.


An international team of researchers have developed a new low-energy method for cardiac fibrillation that reduces the energy required for defibrillation by more than 80% compared with the conventional method, which is currently widely used. Their results regarding the technique called low-energy anti-fibrillation pacing (LEAP) are described in the current issue of Nature. Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, which affects over 10 million people in Europe and the USA, involves the chaotic propogation of electrical pulses in the heart, which disable the normal rhythm and the regular heartbeat, preventing adequate blood f low to the body being maintained. Defibrillation has provided a reliable solution for in-patients suffering from atrial fibrillation; however, the strong electric pulse, which patients perceive as painful could also damage the surrounding tissue. The international team, lead by Stefan Luther from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (Gottingen, Germany) and Flavio Fenton from Cornell University (NY, USA) have proposed a new method. Using a cardiac catheter, the researchers create a sequence of five weak electrical signals in the heart, which terminates fibrillation. Although LEAP and conventional defibrillation appear to work similarly at first sight, both initiate different processes within the heart. Fenton explained "In contrast to standard defibrillators, our study shows that LEAP can terminate atrial and ventricular fibrillation by a sequence of weak electric pulses. The mechanism underlying LEAP is very different from standard defibrillation. Instead of using a big jolt, LEAP gently synchronizes the tissue pulse by pulse, using 80–90% less energy than standard defibrillation." Luther added, "Our study revealed the main mechanisms underlying LEAP and provides a better understanding of how an electric field interacts with cardiac tissue. It has been shown previously that heterogeneities in electrical conductance in cardiac tissue can affect the flow of electrical current produced by an electric field and may induce activations inside the tissue. We have shown now, experimentally and theoretically, that the coronary vasculature provides the principal heterogeneities that may induce those activations or wave sources. These wave sources are used by LEAP to synchronize the tissue without the need of multiple physical electrodes in the tissue. Thus LEAP is expected to be applicable to existing electrode configurations used by standard internal and external defibrillators."


Choices, an object-oriented operating system, has been ported to the ARM architecture. The porting effort was based on the existing code-base for the SPARC processor based SPARCStation 1. Choices supports two ARM-based machine configurations: the Texas Instruments OMAP 1610 and the ARM Integrator as emulated by QEMU. Choices on ARM supports virtual memory, write-back data caching and interrupt management with support for serial I/O and timers. An environment consisting of X10-based remote power control devices, networked serial ports and comprehensive build scripts enable short development cycles with the OMAP hardware. The QEMU based virtual hardware presented powerful debug capabilities useful for developing an operating system for the ARM.


A Genetic/Tabu hybrid optimization algorithm for Location-Routing Problems(LRP)with the soft time windows was researched,which can tackle both location-allocation problem and vehicle-routing problem.Hybrid strategy for Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Tabu Search algorithm(TS),genetic coding and corresponding genetic operations were used in this proposed algorithm,so that the quality of the solution and the efficiency of the algorithm have been improved at the same time.And the results show the proposed algorithm is feasible and efficient.


Objective To investigate the effect of short transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy for endoscopic primary operator.Methods A total of 1200 patients who underwent colonscopic in Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital were divided into regular colonoscopy or short transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy in order. The two methods were compared by success rate,cecal intubation time,the success rate and time of terminal ileum intubation,poly detection rate,pain score and the occurrence of complication.Results The success rate of colonoscopy of short transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy and regular colonoscopy were 94% and 89%(P=0.00),the average cecal intubation time were 8min and 12min(P=0.00),the success rate of terminal ileum intubation were 87% and 81%(P=0.00),the time of terminal ileum intubation were 24 sec and 31 sec(P=0.02),the average pain score were 4.2 and 4.9(P=0.01) and the polyp detection rate were 27% and 21%(P=0.01). No complication is observed. Conclusion The short transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy is an examination with easier,more effective and less painful for endoscopic primary operator.


Nineteenth century industrialism brought intensified immigration to the cities of England. E. P. Thomson, in The making of the English working class, generalized on one segment of the new urban population, the Irish : If they were segregated in some towns, the Irish were never pressed back into ghettos. It would have been difficult to have made a people who spoke the same language and were British citizens under the act of union into a subject minority.


The notion of ladder operators is introduced for systems with continuous spectra. We identify two different kinds of annihilation operators allowing the definition of coherent states as modified 'eigenvectors' of these operators. Axioms of Gazeau–Klauder are maintained throughout the construction.