Previous studies have demonstrated that aspirin (ASA) is a potent anti- oxidative agent that markedly reduces vascular production of superoxide, prevents angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiovascular hyper- trophy, and induces nitric oxide (NO) release from vascular endothelium. Low-dose ASA has also been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive volunteers when administered before bedtime, as opposed to upon awakening, [Hypertension. 2003;41:1259-1267], possibly en-hancing the nocturnal trough in NO production. On the other hand, endothelium-dependent vasodilation is blunted through a decrease in NO release in non-dippers as compared to dipper hypertensives. Accordingly, we investigated the comparative administration time-dependent influence of ASA on BP in dipper and non-dipper hypertensive subjects. We studied 235 untreated patients with grade 1 hypertension (97 men), 45.3 (cid:1) 12.4 years of age, randomly assigned to receive ASA (100 mg/day) either upon awakening or at bedtime. BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00 hours and at 30-min intervals at night for 48 consecutive hours at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every by wrist actigraphy to accurately the diurnal and nocturnal means of BP on a per subject basis. BP was slightly elevated after on awakening, mainly in dipper patients and during nocturnal hours (increase of 1.4 and 1.0 mm Hg in the 24-hour mean of systolic and diastolic BP; P (cid:2) 0.048). highly significant BP was observed in patients who received ASA at bedtime (decrease of 7.0 and 4.9 mm Hg in systolic and diastolic BP; P (cid:2) 0.001). The reduction in nocturnal BP mean was more than double in non-dippers (11.0 and 7.0 mm Hg) as compared to dippers (5.0 and 3.1 mm Hg; P (cid:2) 0.001). This prospective trial corroborates the highly significant administration time-dependent effect of low-dose ASA on BP, mainly in non-dipper hypertensive patients. The timed administration of low-dose ASA could thus provide a valuable approach, beyond the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, in the BP control of patients with mild essential hypertension. 23:00 hours and at 30-min intervals at night for 48 consecutive hours before and after 3 months of treatment. Valsartan treatment resulted in a highly statistically significant reduction of BP from baseline (15.0 and 10.6 mm Hg reduction in the 24-hour mean of systolic and diastolic BP, respectively; P (cid:2) 0.001). There was no effect of valsartan on heart rate (increase in the 24-hour mean of 0.06 beats/min, P (cid:3) 0.904). There was a highly significant reduction (P (cid:2) 0.001) of 4.4 mm Hg in the 24-hour mean of PP. The reduction in PP after treatment was highly significant (after correcting for multiple testing) at each of the 24 hourly means (always P (cid:2) 0.001). Accordingly, the impact of treatment was similar on the diurnal and the nocturnal means of PP (reduction of 4.4 and 4.3 mm Hg, respectively). Results indicate that, despite its relatively short half-life, 160 mg/day valsartan efficiently reduce BP for the whole 24 hours of the day. Most importantly, valsartan significantly reduces PP homogenously during the 24 hours. Apart from the progressive rise of PP with aging, a significant increase in PP has been documented, among other groups of interest, in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Thus, valsartan could be chosen, for added cardiovascular risk reduction, in the treatment of the elderly and of hypertensive patients with diabetes and elevated PP, an issue that deserves further prospective investigation.


Innovation is a driver of new economythe economy which is based on pillars of smart, inclusive and sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to focus on how leaders and managers affect innovation and creativity through their efforts to deliberately foster a work climate that supports creative thinking. Organizational culture and management units provide the foundation for patterns of behavior that affect climate within organization. In this paper, we enfaced that innovation is significantly and positively related to superior performance and that it was a significant driver of a variety of types of organizational performance. The research focus was based on empirical results of survey conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina's organizations in period 2009-2011.


Objective To investigate the countermeasures and preventive measures for postoperative complications of calcaneal fractures with internal fixation via lateral approach. Methods From Jul. 2007 to Jan. 2013,102 patients( 107 feet) underwent surgical treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were analyzed,including 88 males and 14 females with an average age of 35. 7( 17-65) years. According to Sanders classification,43 feet were classified as typeⅡ,47 feet as typeⅢ and 17 feet as typeⅣ. All patients were performed traction via lateral incision approach and anatomic plate fixation,among them 27 patients( 28 feet) were treated with autogenous iliac bone graft,75 patients( 79 feet) were treated with plate fixation without bone graft. Postoperative complications like incision infections,peroneal tendon injuries and chronic foot pain were analyzed. Results The average follow-up period of 93patients( 98 feet) in 102 patients was 19( 13-38) months. Maryland Foot Score System was used to evaluate clinical functional outcomes: excellent in 53 feet,good in 34 feet,fair in 8 feet and poor in 3 feet. The average Maryland Foot Score was 87. 8,and the excellent and good rate was 88. 8%. Postoperative complications happened in 19 feet and accounted for 19. 4%. Among them poor healing of skin incision occurred in 6 feet,infection in 2 feet,peroneal tendon injury in 2 feet,sural nerve injury in 2 feet and chronic pain in 7 feet. Conclusion Postoperative complications of calcaneal fractures were common and complicated. The right operation time,reasonable perioperative management and surgical measures can effectively reduce complications. Suitable measures should be taken after the occurrence of certain complications.


Effect of Thermophoresis, Brownian and Turbulent Mass Fluxes in the Simulation of Two Phase Turbulent Free Convection of Nanofluid Inside the Enclosure using v-f Model Saber Yekani Motlagh Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology (UUT), P.O. Box: 57166419, Urmia, Iran Abstract In this article, two-phase alumina-water turbulent natural convection with Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes based v-f model in a square cavity has been investigated. Buongiorno's two-phase model is modified for considering the nanoparticles diffusion via turbulent flow eddies. Using the finite volume method and the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations algorithm, the governing equations along with boundary conditions have been discretized. The left and right vertical walls of cavity are kept at constant temperatures, while the other walls are thermally insulated. Calculations are performed for high Rayleigh numbers (10–10) and average volume fractions of nanoparticles (0 0.04). The results are analyzed through the thermal and dynamical fields with a particular interest to the turbulent intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, thermophoresis, Brownian and turbulent mass flux distribution inside the cavity and Nusselt number variations. It is shown that nanoparticles had no significant effects on turbulent kinetic energy and intensity, and thermophoresis effect is dominant at the near wall regions. Furthermore, there are optimal average volume fractions with the maximum heat transfer rate depending on Rayleigh number. Moreover, magnitude of turbulent Schmidt number had negligible effect on estimation of heat transfer rate. Against, low turbulent Prandtl numbers predicted higher values for Nusselt number.


The political orientations of 150 Mexican American parochial high school students, between the ages of 16 and 18, were examined. Three dimensions of political orientations, affective, cognitive and behavioral, were examined within the context of both the American and Mexican political systems. Results indicate that acculturation plays an important role in mediating affective and cognitive political orientations. The profile of a low acculturated adolescent can be described as someone expressing more loyalty to the Mexican political system, less satisfaction with the United States' social achievements relative to Mexico, and less absolute satisfaction with the United States. A lower level of acculturation is also associated with more political knowledge about Mexican historical events and leaders. In regard to the behavioral component, affective experiences such as feelings of political inefficacy, absolute and relative satisfaction with the United States' achievements are good predictors of political orientations. This study challenges the assumption that political socialization follows a normal linear progression along an age continuum, irrespective of cultural allegiances and suggests the need to examine the effects of affective symbols on the political socialization process.


Technologies for the delivery of financial services, such as ATMs, home banking and other self‐service media, are having a profound impact on the design of retail banks' delivery systems. The results of an empirical study based on a probability sample survey of 117 US retail banks, in which the channels of delivery for typical banking products are investigated, are presented. Several of the basic assumptions of a conceptual framework depicting the relationships between service contents characteristics and service delivery channels are tested. Specifically, this article considers how banking services (transactions and enquiries) generally vary according to the type of delivery channel emphasised by the bank for its target market (industrialisation level) and according to the number (span) of delivery channels available to the customer. It also shows the relationship between these two key factors in delivery system design, industrialisation and span.


Metabolic changes play an important role in understanding the interaction between the host and pathogen as a part of a survival strategy. Day-to-day biochemical changes in haemolymph were examined in the 5 th instar silkworm Bombyx mori L during the development of fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana. Inoculation of fungal pathogen resulted gradual reduction of carbohydrates and lipids in the haemolymph 5 th instar silkworm larvae (4.12 to 6.13 mg/ml and 31.06 to 27.39 mg/ml) from 1 st day to 6 th day of inoculation. Significant elevation of trehalose content (3.49 to 8.98 mg/ml) was noticed in the inoculated larvae.


The enriched liquid of the pure perfumes is extracted from jasmines by using different solvents and methods. Preliminary research is made on its application to the tea_urn


The BMA has launched a judicial review challenging the lawfulness of the health secretary's decision to impose a new contract on junior doctors in England.

The move came after NHS Employers published the new contract, which sets out terms and conditions for junior doctors.1 At the same time, the Department of Health published an equality analysis of the contract.2

After a breakdown of negotiations …


The value of replica-plating with velveteen (Lederberg & Lederberg, 1952) in microbiology is well known. Unfortunately the technique in its original form cannot usually be used for replicating fungi with dry spores since these tend to get splashed when the velveteen is applied. One way to avoid this difficulty is to use a Perspex block embedded with large numbers of steel pins instead of velveteen (Roberts, 1959). In the particular case of Aspergillus nidulans, a further limitation to the technique is the rather small number of colonies which can be handled on one plate without growth becoming confluent. We find that 150 is the upper limit in practice. A method is reported here for obtaining micro-colonies of A. nidulans about 3 mm. in diameter, thus overcoming the second limitation described above, together with a simple method for obtaining replicas of plates containing up to 300 micro-colonies.


A great shortage of housing is currently apparent in Sweden's major cities. To meet this need for housing, densification strategies are implemented. However, laws and regulations have complicated and prevented many planned densification projects, making the issue with housing shortage more difficult to address. One of the regulations that preclude densification of housing is the regulatory system concerning environmental noise.

The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge about how the regulatory system regarding environmental noise, after recent changes, affect densification of housing. To fulfil the purpose, cost drivers of real estate developers have been identified and the effects of recent changes in the regulatory system have been studied. Possible future developments of the regulatory framework regarding environmental noise have also been discussed. To examine both real and perceived issues with the regulatory system a qualitative study of three densification projects has been pursued. In order to obtain a more general view of the issue, the study has been complemented with nine interviews of parties involved in the building process.

This study shows that the Swedish regulatory system regarding environmental noise has an economic impact on real estate developers in individual projects, which can affect the construction of dwellings in urban areas negatively. The studied projects and conducted interviews show that adjustments in the construction plan due to demands in the detailed development plan and additional balconies as noise protection have the strongest cost-push impact on property developers.

Recent regulatory changes have had both positive and negative effects on housing construction. The introduction of the Ordinance (2015: 216) on Traffic Noise Levels in Housing Construction has facilitated the construction of small apartments facing only one side of the building. Ambiguities and differences can be noted on its application, which among other things can lead to delays in the construction process. In the long term, the ordinance should, however, lead to greater consistency in the municipalities' and counties' assessment criteria, increasing transparency for developers and promoting residential development. Implemented changes in legislation have increased coordination between the Planning and Building Act and the Environmental Code and strengthened the legal certainty for operators. This can result in shorter planning processes and have a positive impact on housing construction.

There is, however, still room for further adjustments of the framework regarding environmental noise. These adjustments could include exceptions for temporary building permits as well as exceptions for apartments larger than 35 square meters. Furthermore, it is of great importance that guidance from central authorities is provided quickly after regulatory changes to avoid regional deviations.


2nd edition. HT Engelhardt, Jr. 446 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1996. $39.95. ISBN 0-19-505736-8. Order phone 800-451-7556. Conflict-of-interest in managed care, physician-assisted suicide, disagreements about the futility of intensive interventionsinternists confront these complex ethical challenges on a daily basis. Many, if not most, physicians will turn to their colleagues, an ethics committee, or perhaps a pocket ethics manual for advice. The Foundations of Bioethics will appeal to those who seek, not advice per se, but analysis of the intellectual justifications of clinical and policy recommendations in bioethics. A word of warning is in order: Engelhardt has not written for neophytes. The Foundations of Bioethics is replete with philosophical argot; the paragraphs are so finely nuanced that many readers will find them repetitive. The author also presumes that the reader is familiar with the major branches of moral philosophy. Persistence, however, is rewarded with a scholarly experience indeed. Engelhardt moves comfortably from a description of the African Ik, for whom a good man is one with a full belly, to analysis of writings on abortion by St. Thomas Aquinas to the concept of TEYKU (philosophical unresolvables) in the Talmud. Ultimately, Engelhardt's vigorously argued philosophy forces one to reassess the validity of much of the received wisdom of bioethics theory and practice in the United States in the late 20th century. Engelhardt's fundamental goal is to identify a defensible social ethic given a national and international context characterized by many different moral communities, ranging from Orthodox Jews to liberal Episcopalians, from New Age believers to Southern Baptists. He suggests that encounters between such moral strangers can assume only one shared moral valueabhorrence of the use of force to coerce acquiescenceand, therefore, a shared preference for the peaceable resolution of differences. Although he values the substantive moral judgments that coherent moral communities make and although he hopes for true agreement across communities on some issues, Engelhardt notes that no moral community can impose its vision (and expectations about behavior) on another community or person without resorting to coercion or force and thus violating the one shared moral vision. Furthermore, he argues that reason alone cannot provide a unifying moral vision with which to overcome the chaos of a society of moral strangers. And so, he details a procedural ethics in which moral agents must be free from intrusion when freely making any agreements or arrangements (unhindered by fraud or malice) with another moral agent. In his view, market forces (not regulation) and informed consent (not legal prohibitions or mandates) should govern social and health care policy. The resulting social policy recommendations are likely to surprise, discomfit, and intellectually challenge every reader. Although written for an audience interested in the deep philosophical underpinnings of bioethics, much is included that would be of interest to the physician. From his discussions of the medical marketplace and organ selling to those addressing abortion and informed consent, Engelhardt provides an important alternative perspective to the usual array of secular arguments. Clinicians seriously interested in the role of ethics in health care and health care policy will find The Foundations of Bioethics worth careful study.


PurposeThis study focuses on the use of guanxi by African returnees from China in Africa. It explains how returnees understood and leveraged guanxi to collaborate with Chinese partners.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses semi-structured interviews to document how guanxi is increasingly extending beyond Chinese borders. It focuses on Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania and analyzes the returnees' mobilization of guanxi in Sino–African business contexts.FindingsAfrican returnees play an increasingly important role in guanxi internationalization in Africa. Returnees' understanding of guanxi is shaped by their African traditions and their Chinese experiences, creating their new cultural capital and a dynamic Sino–African business mindset.Originality/valueThis paper reveals an emerging shift in the business mindset among African returnees once initiated in guanxi. In addition, guanxi is increasingly practiced by African organizations.


Visual cryptography provides secured digital transmission that is employed for just once. The first pictures are often apply by exploitation this theme. It is easy and uncomplicated technique to execute the key image for shadow pictures. The shadow pictures are the shrunken version of the first image, during which the key image share is embedded. These are wont to guard the information and secret pictures within the network in order that it's not accessed by any unauthorized persons. Visual cryptography divides the image into secret shadow pictures. Once these shadow pictures are distributed within the original image. Convalescent of secret image is completed by human sensory system by spile all the shadow pictures.


Discussed here are the interpretations of agrarian transformation in Greece during the post-war period. These are divided roughly into developmentalist, populist and ethnographic arguments. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of an interdisciplinary method in order to understand patterns of rural change, without attributing a determining role either to a political economy perspective or to an a-historical concept of community. Using the example of ethnohistory, this survey argues for an effective comparative ethnography of rural change, thereby overcoming the usual distinction between macro and micro-analysis.


The objective of this research is to experimentally investigate the flow characteristics past a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) in an anatomical model of the aorta. The measurements were made within a mock circulation loop that produced physiological pressure and flow conditions of the aorta. The velocity was measured upstream and downstream of the valve at single points using laser Doppler velocimetry and on planes using planar particle image velocimetry. Viscous and turbulent stresses were evaluated as indicators of potential blood damage. Measurements were first made with a BMHV mounted at the inlet of an axisymmetric channel, which was similar in geometry to channels previously used, and then with the BMHV mounted at the inlet of an anatomical model of the aorta. By comparing these results, the effects of the anatomical shape of the aorta on the flow past the valve were determined. It was found that the level of turbulence past the valve was significantly greater in the axisymmetric model and that the shape of the anatomical aortic sinus, in particular, was effective in reducing turbulence. Additionally, measurements with the valve mounted in three orientations at the inlet of the anatomical aorta showed that the turbulence and the viscous stresses past the valve were lower when the valve was positioned such that its line of symmetry was parallel with the plane of aorta curvature than when it was normal to it. It was further found that flow in the right coronary artery was highest when the valve was positioned with its central orifice aligned with the opening to this artery. The results of this research may be used to assist surgeons in choosing the best implantation orientation of a BMHV.


Abstract Molecular statics calculations using pairwise interatomic potentials by Sutton, Vitek and Wang have predicted the existence of a hierarchy of localized edge-type grain-boundary dislocations (GBDs) in [001] symmetric tilt boundaries in f.c.c. noble metals. Furthermore, the geometry of these GBDs can be well described by the structural unit/GBD model of Sutton and Vitek as extended by Balluffi and Bristowe. In the present work, a search was made for the presence of such a hierarchy in [001] symmetric tilt boundaries in gold by means of transmission electron microscopy. Numerous arrays of various localized GBDs were detected under various conditions of observation in specimens of differing thickness under a variety of imaging conditions. When the present results are combined with results from other investigations, it is concluded that the first four members of the hierarchy have been detected. One GBD array belonging to an appreciably higher-order hierarchical member has been found, and it seems lik...


An easy method for camera intrinsic parameters and one order radial distortion parameter is studied by the mathematical model of camera on the basis of projective theory. It is not necessary to translate or rotate camera in this method, but it only uses several specially points to derive the equations and get the parameters. The results show that this method could quickly and conveniently calibrate camera intrinsic parameters and one-degree radial distortion parameter with good stability and precision, which can be used in servo mechanical arm system.


A tunable one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal is obtained by using a dielectric barrier discharge with two liquid electrodes. It is formed by the self-organization of the filaments, rather than that in an artificial array of electrodes. The dispersion relations of the plasma photonic crystals are calculated by solving the Helmholtz equation using a method analogous to Kronig–Penney's problem. The photonic band diagrams of the plasma photonic crystals are studied when changing the filling factor, the lattice constant, and the electron density, based on the experimental results. The critical electron density is given, beyond which the plasma photonic crystal will have a remarkable band structure.


Introductionis made to the modularization application in textile machinery such as pre-blow machine CL-P,hi-production card C60,and the carding elements,doubling frame TD-02 without auto even device;spinning frame Zinser 351,Autoconer 5,rotor spinning frame of autocoro series,air-jet loom OMNI PLUS 800.Conclusionis made that configuration of modularization in textile machineryis of more speciality and more series and more pertinence to textile process thus making much promotionin textile industry.


The article summarises key aspects of government intervention in the British film industry since the election of a Labour government in 1997. The process of amalgamating a variety of existing institutions (including British Screen, the British Film Commission and the Arts Council's Lottery Film Department) into the new UK Film Council is described and the implications for developments in the English regions is considered. The issue of the continuing American dominance of the industry is explored and this is related to the contentious concept of an economically 'sustainable' domestic industry. In conclusion it is proposed that more careful attention be given to the cultural and educational implications of current policy.


High-speed counter-current chromatography(HSCCC) is a new type of modern parative chromatography used for natural products separation.The characteristics of high-speed counter-current chromatography and the method of solvent selection were introduced.The application and prospect in natural product separation were reviewed.The prospect of HSCCC technology is outlooked.


Objective:To sum up the diagnsis and the therapy of primary duodenal carcinoma.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 19 cases clinical data with primary duodenal carcinoma.Results:The main clinical feature of primary duodenal carcinoma could be abdominal pain,jaundice and morrhage mainly located in the second duodenum,particular papillar,The adenocarcinoma was more common in all pathologic types.The main diagnostic procedurse were endoscopic and upper GI barium meal,CT could make sure primary lesion and matathesism,it was also a kind of unharm method and could be use according to need.Conclusion:The early diagnosis and treatment in time is the key to effect prognosis of primary duodenal carcinoma.


In this research product, industry standards for dedicated short range communications (DSRC) are reviewed, followed by an evaluation of costs and performance. Privacy concerns regarding collection and use of data on vehicle movements are examined in the context of existing and potential legislation, and issues in electronic vehicle registration are introduced. Ultimately, this research project will develop recommendations for vehicle identification/registration systems with the potential to link the tolling function to other transportation system management functions.


In the mid-Cretaceous, around 105±5 Ma, the tectonic regime in New Zealand changed significantly. From the Permian to the Early Cretaceous most rocks formed under the influence of convergent margin tectonics and comprise incomplete remnants of magmatic arcs, forearc basins, trench slope basins, and accretionary complexes. This tectonic pattern was ended by the approach and collision of the spreading ridge between the Phoenix and Pacific plates. Crustal extension, leading eventually to fragmentation of the continental crust, commenced immediately after ridge collision. Precollisional and syncollisional events deformed and thickened the accretionary prism, with concurrent folding and thrusting of more arcward elements. Cretaceous granulites in southwest New Zealand are thought to result from the closure of a small backarc basin or marginal sea slightly earlier than the main ridge collision. Postcollisional block faulting led to thick nonmarine sedimentation in new basins that cut across old terrane boundaries, except in the outboard area where a thick wedge of marine rocks was deposited over the subsiding accretionary prism. After oblique ridge trench collision along the New Zealand margin, the Phoenix-Pacific Ridge propagated to the southwest to link with zones of incipient spreading in the Tasman Sea and south of Australia. Subsequently, the eastern part of the ridge continued to migrate south with increasing offset along the Udinsev Fracture Zone. In the Late Cretaceous a duplicate ridge developed. The southern branch continued to move southward and collided with the trench west of the Antarctic Peninsula in the Cenozoic. The northern branch is the extant East Pacific Ridge.


Biomedicine has not provided a complete explanation with fully effective therapies for disorders of pigmentation. Biomedicine emphasizes the role of melanocyte for protection from UV rays and as a determinant of skin colour. These important properties acquired a genetic basis much later than other functions, many relating to cell contact as in the keratinocyte - melanocyte unit, or as with the synapses of the neurological system. There are other roles, biochemical and mechanical, of melanocyte. Management that is inclusive of a maximally holistic approach justifies the use of diverse herbals, yoga and concern for cultural awareness provided by integrated medicine. Vitiligo provides a model which demonstrates that Ayurveda has a richer view of its presentations, possibly a stronger line on its pathogenesis, and a huge range of herbals, many now backed by studies from ethnobotanical laboratories, awaiting research into the many possible mechanisms by which they may act in the wide and complex field of melanocyte biochemistry.


Crit Care Med 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 12 (Suppl.) increased use of aminoglycosides in patients with septic shock and in order to optimize their use, therapeutic peak levels should be achieved with the first dose due to their concentration-dependent mechanism. However, pharmacokinetic parameters are altered in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), the optimal initial dosing strategy is not known. This study was conducted to assess the initial volume of distribution (Vd) of gentamicin and tobramycin in critically ill patients on CRRT to help optimize the initial dose. Methods: This was a retrospective, single center study of patients that received gentamicin or tobramycin while on CRRT from January 2011 to May 2016. Patients were included if they received a dose of gentamicin or tobramycin while on CRRT and had a peak level drawn 60–90 minutes after the dose. Single dose pharmacokinetics were performed to calculate the Vd. Results: Ninety patients were screened and 31 patients were included. Patients had a mean age of 57 years and were 70.1% male with a mean dosing weight of 77kg. The majority (90%) of patients received continuous venovenous hemofiltration with a mean fluid replacement rate of 3100mL/hr and the remaining 10% received continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Eighty percent of patients received gentamicin. The mean Vd of gentamicin and tobramycin was 35.8L, which was 0.46L/kg. Conclusions: The calculated Vd of gentamicin and tobramycin in this study was higher than previously reported in adults (0.3 mL/ kg). This suggests that the initial dose of gentamicin and tobramycin may need to be higher than traditional doses to account for the increased Vd in patients on CRRT and achieve a therapeutic level with the initial dose. Based on the Vd of 0.46L/kg, the initial dose of gentamicin or tobramycin would need to be 4–5 mg/ kg in patients on CRRT to achieve a therapeutic initial peak level and optimize outcomes, as opposed to a traditional initial dose of 2mg/kg.


Flash technology is approaching its scaling limits, so the demand for novel memory technologies is increasing. Promising replacing candidates are the emerging non volatile technologies such as Conductive Bridge Memory (CBRAM), Oxide based Resistive RAM (OXRAM), Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) and Phase Change Memory (PCRAM). In particular, CBRAM is based on a simple Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) structure and presents several advantages compared to the other technologies. CBRAM is non volatile, i.e. it keeps the information when the power is off, it is scalable down to 10nm technology node, it can be easily integrated into the Back-End-of-Line (BEOL), finally, it has high operation speed at low voltages and low cost per bit. Nevertheless, demands for the industrialization of CBRAM are very stringent and issues related to device reliability are still to be faced. In this thesis we analyze two generations of CBRAM technology, each one addressing a specific application market. The first part of the PhD is dedicated to the electricalstudy of Cu-based/GdOx structures, which present the advantages of a very stable data retention and resistance to soldering reflow and also good endurance behavior. This CBRAM family addresses mainly the high temperature applications as automotive. To fulfill the specification requirements, doping of metal-oxide andbilayers are integrated to decrease the forming voltage and increase the programmingwindow. Better endurance performance is also achieved. The second part isdedicated to a new CBRAM technology, with a simple MIM structure. In this case, the device showsfast operation speed of 20ns at low voltages of 2V, combined with satisfying endurance and data retention. This technology seems to be compatible with the growing Internet of Things (IOT) market. In summary, during the PhD research, the main objective was to study the reliability of the embedded CBRAM devices in terms of forming, endurance and data retention. Some methodologies were developed and the electrical set-up was modified and adapted to specific measurements. Physical models were developed to explain and better fit the experimental results. Based on the obtained results, we demonstrate that the CBRAM technology is highly promising for future NVM applications.


Residual oil was obtained by waterflooding, under water-wet conditions, in unconsolidated packs of glass spheres at low capillary numbers. Trapped oil blobs were mobilized in a sequence of decreasing size with subsequent increases in capillary number. The larger blobs, which extend over many adjacent pores, fission repeatedly upon mobilization and the smaller daughter blobs are restranded. There is negligible oil production until the blob population has been reduced to single pore blobs (singlets).

Thus, the critical capillary number for mobilization of significant amounts of oil in unconsolidated bead packs is not related to the original blob size population, but rather to the conditions necessary for mobilization of singlets.


Recent attempts to design inertial sensors based on quantum-interference effects in high-[ital T][sub [ital c]] superconducting materials have led to a renewed interest in the origin of electric and magnetic fields in accelerated superconductors. In the case of a rotating superconductor, the formation of the London moment is well understood; however, there still exists some controversy concerning the direction and magnitude of the rotationally induced electric field. This situation is reminiscent of the old controversy concerning gravitationally induced electric fields in metals. In this paper we present a self-consistent theory of rotationally induced electric fields in both normal metals and superconductors. In the former case we treat normal carriers employing Thomas-Fermi theory; in the latter case we treat superelectrons using Ginzburg-Landau theory. In both cases we treat the lattice deformation with linear elastic theory. Self-consistent numerical solutions of these models show that the rotationally induced electric field in normal metals is given by [bold E]=[minus][ital K]([ital M]/[ital e])[omega][sup 2][bold r], where [ital M] is the mass of a lattice ion, [ital e][gt]0 is the magnitude of charge on an electron, [omega] is the angular velocity, [bold r] is the distance from the axis of rotation, and [ital K] is amore » positive-definite constant that depends on the lattice Lame coefficients in a complicated way. This result is in qualitative agreement with previous analyses [Dessler [ital et] [ital al]., Phys. Rev. 168, 737 (1968); Herring, Phys. Rev. 171, 1361 (1968)]. The results we obtain for a rotating superconductor are markedly different.« less


Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to establish optimum conditions for Flaxseed Oil (FO), soy lecithin and xanthan gum to yield stable Flaxseed Oil Droplet (FOD) and high Microencapsulation Efficiency (M.E.E). Gum arabic and maltodextrin were used at constant ratio of 1:1 . Flaxseed oil loading (20-35%), lecithin (1-2%) and xanthan gum (0.1-0.4%) were studied regarding their effects on emulsion and the spray dried powder. Results indicated response surface models significantly fitted to all response variables studied. Regression models describing variations of responses of FOD and M.E.E showed high coefficient of determination (R ) of 0.9963 and 0.9944 respectively. Overall numerical 2 optimization predicted desirable system attainable by combined 10% (w/w) each arabic gum and maltodextrins, 22.78% (w/w) flaxseed oil loading, 1.14% (w/w) soy lecithin and 0.10% (w/w) xanthan gum, which in turn resulted into FOD of 446.9 nm, M.E.E of 92.3% and strong physical barrier towards oxidation during 10 weeks of storage tests.


In the article the interconnections between the segments of the educational service market and the factors of marketing microenvironment are analyzed, the specific nature of the competitiveness of an educational establishment is revealed.


THIS is the first of three articles dealing with the poems in extant MSS ascribed to the Emperor Frederick II and his sons. In the present article the four poems ascribed to the Emperor and "Rex Fredericus" are for the first time brought together in a critical edition. The second article will offer a critical edition of the poems ascribed to King Enzio. The third article will deal with the question of the authorship of the poems in both groups. The MSS in which the poems are preserved, and the symbols by which those MSS will be designated, are as follows:


Air change rates (ACRs) and interzonal flows are key determinants of indoor air quality (IAQ) and building energy use. This paper characterizes ACRs and interzonal flows in 126 houses, and evaluates effects of these parameters on IAQ. ACRs measured using weeklong tracer measurements in several seasons averaged 0.73 ± 0.76 h−1 (median = 0.57 h−1, n = 263) in the general living area, and much higher, 1.66 ± 1.50 h−1 (median = 1.23 h−1, n = 253) in bedrooms. Living area ACRs were highest in winter and lowest in spring; bedroom ACRs were highest in summer and lowest in spring. Bedrooms received an average of 55 ± 18% of air from elsewhere in the house; the living area received only 26 ± 20% from the bedroom. Interzonal flows did not depend on season, indoor smoking or the presence of air conditioners. A two-zone IAQ model calibrated for the field study showed large differences in pollutant levels between the living area and bedroom, and the key parameters affecting IAQ were emission rates, emission source locations, air filter use, ACRs, interzonal flows, outdoor concentrations, and PM penetration factors. The single-zone models that are commonly used for residences have substantial limitations and may inadequately represent pollutant concentrations and exposures in bedrooms and potentially other environments other where people spend a substantial fraction of time.


The anomalous coherence functions (ACF) of the radiation fields are studied in detail. The relation of ACF to the source correlation functions is given. Propagation laws for ACF are found. The ACF exhibit a diffractionlike pattern, the nature of which depends on the directions of observation and the spatial extent and initial excitation of the source. If the radiating system is incoherently excited, then ACF vanish. However for any arbitrary system driven by a coherent field ACF are found to be nonzero. ACF are shown to contain information both on the steady-state and transient response of the radiating system. Quantum fluctuations are shown to be important for ACF even when the system is weakly driven, which is in contrast to the ACF for the harmonic oscillator which can be obtained from classical considerations. ACF are also shown to exist in the nonlinear mixing of the electromagnetic fields. The possibility of measuring anomalous coherence functions using phase-conjugation techniques is discussed.


the appeal to scientific a priori truths resolves the sceptical problem, particularly where there is more to say about the 'synthetic a priori' classification and the twin contrasts on which it rests. The appeal to an epistemic cosmopolitanism is an interesting and undoubtedly correct account of Kant's own view, but it may be questioned how far it answers, or is designed to answer, a traditional sceptic. No commentary on Kant's Critique can expect to resolve all its problems, and Hoffe has chosen to emphasize more the summaries of, and historical background to, Kant's work, than the philosophical issues arising from it. In the concluding summary there is more of an appeal to illuminating quotations from historical figures, ranging from Cato, Erasmus, La Rochefoucauld, Pascal, Montaigne, Nietzsche and Peirce, to Apel, Habermas, Quine, Rorty, Feyerabend and Foucault, than a specific resolution of the philosophical issues. This preference will encourage some readers to doubt the claim that Kant has provided 'the' foundation of modern philosophy. Properly understood even in Hoffe's terms, Kant, it might be said, has provided one fruitful and still lively template for a serious philosophy, but there are alternative procedures and projects that are not necessarily vulnerable to the complaints against contemporary empiricism, naturalism, the overuse of formal logic, or everyday realism. Within the framework of his preferences Hoffe has undoubtedly provided a rich account of Kant's text and a correspondingly insightful reference to its historical background. Readers will be guided towards a better grasp of Kant's central ideas in the Critique and of its significance for the development of philosophy.


The effect of proposition 13, which was passed in California in June 1978, has hurt the ability of local governments in the state to raise funds to construct new infrastructure and maintain existing public works. Since Prop 13 cut property tax revenues the main or sole source of public works revenues, by two-thirds, local and county governments have been increasing and introducing new user and developer fees, are depending more on Federal Urban Aid Grants, doing sale-leasebacks of publicly held buildings, selling public buildings and land, demanding equity in new construction, and doing energy deals with private companies. Although no one has so far seen any devastation in California's public works, the California Assembly of Office Research sees a major infrastructure problem five to ten years down the road as 55% of the state's buildings were built from 1945 to 1955, and deferred maintenance has shortened their original design life of 40 to 50 years. Oakland in particular has been hard hit since it had a declining business base and few people selling their homes, which meant that the city couldn't assess the homes at the 1983 full market value but at the 1975 rate. With few dollars, Oakland, and the rest of the state, has cut services in nearly every public entity, with projected reconstruction of the infrastructure soaring to as much as 10 times its pre-Prop 13 level.


The effects of vacuum photolysis at 254 nm and the short-(λ = 254 nm) and long-wave (λ > 300 nm) photooxidations on the dielectric constants (ϵ′) and dielectric losses (ϵ″) of polystyrene have been investigated at 25 ± 1°C. Dielectric constants generally increase on photodegradation, but more pronounced increases occur in the low-frequency region on vacuum photolysis. It is suggested that such increases are associated with Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization. Increases in dielectric losses are observed in three main frequency regions: around 102 Hz, 104 Hz, and at 3 × 106 Hz. The lowest frequency loss which occurs in both the vacuum-irradiated and in the photooxidized samples is attributed to a combination of the effects of interfacial polarization and of the increased direct-current conductivity of the polymer which occurs as a result of these reactions. The 104 Hz dispersion associated only with photooxidation is related to the presence of small, volatile, polar oxidation products, like ketones. The loss peak overlaps the intrinsic γ-relaxation of polystyrene, and it appears that the motions of small molecules, or of relaxing dipoles in these, are coupled to the phenyl group rotational vibrations. The high-frequency losses (3 × 106 Hz) are ascribed to orientation polarization of carbonyl dipoles attached to chain ends, these compounds being produced as a result of hydroperoxide decompositions. A good correlation between the carbonyl dipole relaxation strength and carbonyl concentration is observed. It would appear that relaxation strength measurements could provide quantitative kinetic information for polystyrene oxidation.


In order to solve the problems of large abutment pressure of coal pillar and difficult treatment of coal pillar rock burst in thick seam with mine pressure bumping in potential in deep mine,a trial on the layout of the vertical completed pillarless gateway driving along goaf was conducted in No.1411 coal mining face of Huafeng Mine.High deformation and high mine pressure bumping of the mine gateway caused by the gateway driving along goaf with a narrow coal pillar between No.1410 down gateway and No.1411 upper gateway were treated and controlled.The mine pressure and microseism observed data showed that the deformation of the roof-to-floor was reduced by 131.5 mm,the mine seismic grade,released energy ad releases numbers were obviously reduced,the mine seismic over 0.8 grade were reduced by 87% and the released energy was reduced by 96%.


Purpose The three-dimensional (3D) sequence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a critical role in the imaging of musculoskeletal joints; however, its long acquisition time limits its clinical application. In such conditions, compressed sensing (CS) is introduced to accelerate MRI in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of an isotropic 3D variable-flip-angle fast spin echo (FSE) sequence with CS technique (CS-MATRIX) compared to conventional 2D sequences in knee imaging. Methods Images from different sequences of both the accelerated CS-MATRIX and the corresponding conventional acquisitions were prospectively analyzed and compared. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the structures within the knees were measured for quantitative analysis. The subjective image quality and diagnostic agreement were compared between CS-MATRIX and conventional 2D sequences. Quantitative and subjective image quality scores were statistically analyzed with the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. Diagnostic agreements of knee substructure were assessed using Cohen's weighted kappa statistic. Results For quantitative analysis, images from the CS-MATRIX sequence showed a significantly higher SNR than T2-fs 2D sequences for visualizing cartilage, menisci, and ligaments, as well as a higher SNR than proton density (pd) 2D sequences for visualizing menisci and ligaments. There was no significant difference between CS-MATRIX and 2D T2-fs sequences in subjective image quality assessment. The diagnostic agreement was rated as moderate to very good between CS-MATRIX and 2D sequences. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility and clinical potential of the CS-MATRIX sequence technique for detecting knee lesions The CS-MATRIX sequence allows for faster knee imaging than conventional 2D sequences, yielding similar image quality to 2D sequences.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different water pressures and concentrations of lactic acid on microbial counts (mesophilic bacteria, enterobacteria and Salmonella) on pig carcasses without contamination and contaminated carcasses, before and after the last shower and before being cooled. The tests were carried out using 4, 3 and 2 bar water pressure, and 2, 1 and 0% lactic acid concentration. In general, both the pressure in the shower and lactic acid had a positive effect by reducing the microbial count. The interaction between the pressure and lactic acid caused the largest reduction in carcasses surface count for mesophiles. With regard to enterobacteria on contaminated carcasses, the most important variable was the lactic acid concentration and in uncontaminated carcasses, it was water pressure. The use of 8 bar pressure of the wash water without lactic acid caused a reduction in mesophilic bacteria and enterobacteria, for both the contaminated and uncontaminated carcasses, with results statistically equal to each other, and significantly lower than the initial counts. The water pressure at 8 bar reduced the percentage of carcasses with Salmonella in contaminated carcasses.


Human arterial system simulation models represents a helpful tool for investigating blood pressure and blood flow propagating from the aorta towards upper and lower peripheral vessels. Real-life hemodynamic parameters are used as input for the arterial model based on electromechanical analogy. The mentioned parameters are determined from impedance cardiography measurements carried out on five human subjects. The theoretical model is thus individually adapted using real-life hemodynamic parameter values and the impact of stroke volume and heart rate changes on blood pressure and blood flow waveforms are investigated. We can conclude that the stroke volume influences especially the amplitude of the said curves, whereas the heart rate modifies shape thereof.


Background: Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is a type of organophosphate-degrading enzyme which is widely used in the bioremediation process. Objectives: In this study, the periplasmic and cytoplasmic productions and the activity of recombinant OPH in Escherichia coli were investigated and compared using two pET systems (pET21a and pET26b). Materials and Methods: The sequence encoding the opd gene was synthesized and expressed in the form of inclusion body using pET21a-opd and in the periplasmic space in pET26b-opd. Results: Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed a band of about 37 kDa with a maximum expression level at 30°C from pET21a-opd.However, the obtained results of the periplasmic space extraction of OPH (pET26b-opd) showed a very weak band, while the cytoplasmic expression of OPH (pET21a-opd) produced a strong protein band. Conclusions: The activities studied by the production of PNP were determined by following the increase at 410 nm. The maximum PNP was produced at 30°C with an optical density of 10.62 in the presence of cytoplasmic expression of OPH (pET21a-opd). Consequently, our results suggest cytoplasmic expression system as an appropriate candidate with a high amount of OPH in spite of inclusion body formation, which needs an additional refolding step.


This two part effort is concerned with understanding and predicting fracture density in the Nordegg of West Central Alberta. In particular we are concerned with fractures that might be encountered by horizontal drilling of this tight gas reservoir. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to build the fundamental knowledge of fracture density that will help in the planning of the most prolific horizontal wells from this formation. The key fundamental stepand our goal in this workis a quantitative analysis of fracture prediction techniques for the Nordegg using objective and scientific validation data. To aid us in this effort, we have validating data from FMI logs and from a microseismic survey shot over one of three horizontal wells in the area. We also have extracted attributes such as AVAz, VVAz, Curvature and Coherence from the 3D surface seismic data that covers the area. In part one of this effort we used the FMI data to illustrate that the fractures are almost uniformly vertical and aligned. This satisfies key theoretic requirements of AVAz and VVAz.


We demonstrate the characteristics of p+-Ge/n-Si and n+-Ge/p-Si heterojunction diodes with a very high on/off ratio and very low leakage current using heteroepitaxial Ge grown directly on Si. The current ratio of p+-Ge/n-Si and n+-Ge/p-Si heterojunction is ∼5×107 and ∼3×106, respectively. The remarkably low off current density is 2.1 µA/cm2 for p+-Ge/n-Si and 19 µA/cm2 for n+-Ge/p-Si at a reverse bias of |VR|=±1 V, respectively. High on current density (125 A/cm2 for p+-Ge/n-Si and 54 A/cm2 for n+-Ge/p-Si) with a forward bias |VF|=±1 V is obtained with a GeO2 passivation and an Al2O3 isolation.


Determining conjugate depths for a given discharge and initial depth requires the solution of a cubic equation for the conjugate depth and there are currently two approaches to avoiding this difficulty in general. One approach is to iteratively try different depths until one is obtained which gives the same value of the Momentum Function as that at the given depth. The other is to construct a Momentum Function versus depth of flow curve for the given discharge, from which the conjugate depth can be read off directly. Either of these procedures is tedious. For rectangular channels, an explicit equation for obtaining the conjugate depth has been derived and is available in any standard hydraulics text. This paper is to develop a procedure for computing the conjugate depth in cubic-shaped open channels, given an initial depth. This procedure involves the use of a table or a chart and avoids any iteration or construction of Momentum Function versus depth of flow curve. Journal of Science and Technology(Ghana) Vol. 27 (1) 2007: pp. 75-80


This paper is concerned with the spectral analysis of a random noise signal using MATLAB. By the use of MATLAB, we can determine the spectrum of a signal graphically. One can use the various tools of MATLAB to determine the peak, frequency and power of a signal. In this age of automation there are many devices such as spectrum analyzer that can be used for the spectral analysis but have certain limitations like analysis of a single language and other complexities. The MATLAB procedure overcomes the limitations such as it can be utilized for a number of languages and other designing complexities. Use of MATLAB has made this paper more applicable for various industries and in defense sector, as it is widely available and easy to control.


The Western Treatment Plant (WTP) is one of the largest treatment plants in Australia treating more than 500 ML of sewage per day, discharging treated effluent to Port Phillip Bay in Victoria, Australia. The Port Phillip Bay Environmental Study (1992–1996) concluded that there was a need to reduce nitrogen loads from WTP to lower the risk of eutrophication, especially during winter when grass filtration was in operation. Therefore, in 1997, Melbourne Water initiated a pilot study to investigate the effectiveness of grass filtration for polishing wastewater that had received prior lagoon treatment. The study involved field monitoring of seven trial grass filtration bays at the WTP for hydraulic and water quality data from mid-May to early-October 1997. The results of the pilot study revealed that the removal rates of these nutrients were higher during the first half of the trials than during the second half. The results also showed that the removal rates of nutrients were inversely proportional to the hydr...


In the multi-spectral image registration, because of the different imaging mechanism, the distribution of image's pixel gray value is non-linear. So the traditional matching algorithm based on gray correlation and image feature cannot be used simply. Since the mutual information measure does not need to assume the relation between the gray of image with different imaging principle, so it is very good in the field of multi -spectral image registration. But because the mutual information only utilizes the statistic characteristic of the gray, the spatial position relation between pixels in the image is neglected. Meanwhi le, because of the influence of matching window size, the matching method based on mutual information measure is easy to form false matching. In this paper, we add spatial information by combining phase consistency and mutual information. Besides, the Adapti ve window algorithm is used to solve the effect of matching window shape and size on the matching result. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a better matching effect. Keywords— multi-spectral; image registration; mutual information; phase consistency; adaptive window


Radiative recombination mechanisms in n-GaSe doped with Sn have been investigated through photoluminescence (PL) measurements. For samples doped from 0.1 to 0.5 at.%, the PL spectra at 77 K are dominated by the emission band at 1.29 eV. The temperature dependences of the PL intensity, peak energy and full width at half-maximum are characterized using the configuration coordinate model. The 1.29 eV band is associated with the donor-vacancy complex center.


OBJECTIVE: To provide pharmacy students with the skill necessary to enter practice. DESIGN: A formal affiliation between a managed care organization (MCO) and a school of pharmacy. The collaborative activities are extensive and include student and residency training, didactic instruction, research, and patient care. CONCLUSIONS: Colleges of pharmacy must develop innovative alliances with practice environments outside the traditional institution. Collaboration with managed care settings is critical to the development of student skills. Colleges of pharmacy and MCOs need to develop collaborative arrangements to jointly fulfill their missions. If appropriately constructed and managed, these affiliations can benefit both organizations.


Gas phase dehydrogenation of n-butanol to butyraldehyde has been carried out at atmospheric pressure using magnesia supported copper catalysts, which are prepared by a conventional impregnation method by varying the loading of Cu with 5, 10 and 15% by weight. These catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and temperature programmed reduction techniques. Among the series of Cu/MgO catalysts, 10%Cu/MgO catalyst exhibits superior activity with 89% conversion of n-butanol and 98% selectivity for butyraldehyde.


The invention provides a matching asymmetric traction plate and a line release pulley for construction of one-pull-three tension line release. The asymmetric traction plate comprises a large guided pulling plate, a traction plate body, small guided pulling plates and an anti-twister. Two small guided pulling plates and one small guided pulling plate are respectively arranged at both sides of the anti-twister of the tail end of the traction plate, and two leads and one lead are respectively connected with both sides. The line release pulley comprises a hanging plate, a bracket, a bearing shaft,a steel wire rope pulley and wire pulleys. Two wire pulleys and one wire pulley are respectively arranged at both sides of the steel wire rope pulley, and the position of the wire pulley, which corresponds to the steel wire rope pulley, is in one-to-one corresponding with the position of the small guided pulling plate, which corresponds to the anti-twister. The traction plate cannot overturn dueto the guarantee of the requirements on a certain distance from the small guided pulling plate to an axial line of the anti-twister as well as a lightening hole and a balancing weight which are additionally arranged on a certain position of the traction plate body. The line release pulley is hung on a transmission tower by two hanging holes of the hanging plate, asymmetric loads subjected in linerelease are transmitted to the tower through a connecting piece, thereby guaranteeing the stability of the pulley.


Solid photoelectrochemical cells are described based on PEO-KI/I/sub 2/ electrolytes, n-Si/Pt/PPy photoanodes, and conductive tin-oxide glass counter electrodes. The performance of the present devices is limited by a high series resistance in the polymer film. 22 refs.


Arkema intends to become a specialty chemical pure play by 2024. A key part of its plan is to explore strategic options for its methacrylate business, which the company has placed in a new intermed...


The kinetics of the exchange of deuterium between diborane and tetraborane have heen found to be complex. The results indicate that the exchange proceeds by two different paths, one involves two hydrogen positions in tetraborane and the other involves the remaining eight or all ten hydrogen positions. The major reaction is interpreted in terms of a rate-determining reaction of BD/sub 3/ from diborane with B/sub 4/H/sub 11/ while the minor reaction is eavisaged as a rate-determining actlvation of two sites in tetraborane followed by rapld deuterium exchange wlth B/sub 2/D/sub 6/. Boron atoms also exchange in this system although detailed kinetics studies have not been made. (auth)


Past research into the history, state, function and performance contexts of indigenous African musical practices yielded a number of disturbing observations: there was no hope that the practitioners of this genre would ever begin deriving a living out of their art; there was the fear that some indigenous musical practices were nearing extinction because the few indigenous music practitioners still alive were on the brink of death, and there was therefore a need to capture the heritage before it was irretrievably lost. Lately the world of indigenous African music has undergone an evolution. South Africa's rapidly changing postcolonial terrain has recently witnessed an upsurge of new stylistic trajectories  in  indigenous  musical  practices  –  nowadays  it  is  arranged  and performed by modern musical ensembles. Popular music which incorporates traditional genres has begun functioning within the socio-cultural and religious lives of Africans today, and it is no longer regarded as 'foreign' or alien to concert halls. It is now also frequently encountered in music stores, both in rural and urban areas. the current article traces this new, exciting and rewarding trajectory.


One of the most hazardous pollutions all over the world is Air Pollution. Nearly 7 million people get killed each year by air pollution only. Normally 9 out of 10 people breathe highly polluted air. But in terms of India, Ambient air pollution ranked 7th in the overall health burden and 5th in mortality. As per WHO, 14 cities from the top 20 most polluted cities all over the world are from India which contains particulate matter of <2.5mm in diameter as a part of air pollutants. And, top 10 most polluted cities from the world are Kanpur, Faridabad, Varanasi, Gaya, Patna, Delhi, Lucknow, Agra, Muzaffarpur, and Srinagar. Which shows the severity of the study of air pollution in India. So with the help of different available deep learning techniques we can forecast the level of pollution in certain areas and also find the solution for limiting it. So from this study, researchers can easily find out the challenges and limitations of the research in deep learning field. And, they can also see what are the potential way to utilize CNN-LSTM for their research in the field of air pollution in India.


As a state with more than two million individuals over the age of 60 (7th largest in the U.S.), Ohio faces challenges developing a long-term care system that both meets the needs of its citizens and is affordable to the state. By 2020, the older population is projected to increase by 25% and to more than double by 2040. Ohio has one of the highest nursing home bed capacities and utilization rates in the country (Houser, Fox-Grage, & Gibson, 2009*). With Medicaid accounting for one-quarter of Ohio's state general revenue expenditures, the large number of older people and high nursing home utilization rates represent a difficult combination for policy makers. In response to these challenges, the General Assembly (as part of the 2010/2011 budget) asked the Ohio Department of Aging (ODA) to create a diversion and transition initiative.


For twenty years the Soviet Union has had closer relations with Peru than with any other Latin American country apart from Cuba or Nicaragua. In fact, Peru was the first post-Cuban revolution centre of Soviet operations in South America, and perhaps still plays that role today. Now that the Cold War is over the balance sheet of Soviet relations with Peru can be evaluated with more detachment than ever.


Purified human colonic mucin was separated into six distinct components by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and the structures of oligosaccharide side chains from the three most abundant species were determined. Oligosaccharide side chains were isolated from colonic mucin species 111, IV, and V after alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage in the presence of sodium borotritide. After initial separation of acidic and neutral oligosaccharides by ion exchange chromatography, individual oligosaccharides were isolated by sequential chromatography on Bio-Gel P-4 and Bio-Gel P-2 resins followed by preparative normal phase high performance liquid chromatography. Composition and structure of individual oligosaccharides were determined by combination of gas chromatography, methylation analysis, and sequential glycosidase digestion. Collectively, 2 1 discrete oligosaccharide structures were identified in the major human colonic mucin species including 10 acidic oligosaccharides and ll neutral structures which ranged in size from 2 to 12 sugar residues. Although detailed structures were d fined for each oligosaccharide, the majority of the structures identified were variations of a relatively small number of "basic" structures, and several generalizations pertained. First, many oligosaccharides represented variations of a biantennary structure in which branch chains arise in N-acetylglucosaminyl residues linked to C 3 and C6 of a galactosyl residue linked in turn to a GlcNAcfl( 1-3)GalNAc core; second, nonbranched oligosaccharides appeared to be linear chain derivatives of the same core structure; third, all acidic oligosaccharides could be derived from neutral structures present in the mucin species; fourth, sialic acid substitution was limited to few sites and always included substitution in a2-6 linkage to the reducing terminal N-acetylgalactosamine, and finally several structures contained both sialic acid and fucose residues. Individually, mucin species 111, IV, and V were found to contain unique mixtures of 13, 14, and 10 oligosaccharide structures, respectively. These data demonstrate that human colonic mucin contain a wide range of oligosaccharides reflecting variations of common core oligosaccharide structures. The major chromatographically defined constituents of normal colonic mucin appear to p ssess characteristic and distinguishable combinations of oligosaccharide structures. These findings support the concept that colonic mucin contains structurally and functionally distinct subpopulations.


A 7-year-old boy with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease underwent pre-emptive living-related kidney transplantation from his mother. Initial immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisone. Ten weeks after transplantation he experienced steroid resistant rejection (Banff Grade II) and cyclosporin was switched to tacrolimus. Renal function subsequently normalized and plasma creatinine has been stable at between 60 and 78 mmolul for the following 3 years. No side effects to tacrolimus were noted at a dose of 10 mguday with subsequent whole blood trough levels between 7.3 and 11.0 mgul. MMF was administered at a dose of 800 muday (two-thirds of the recommended dose due to altered metabolism with concurrent tacrolimus treatment). Prednisone was given at a dose of 5 mg on alternate days. At the age of 10 years the patient developed a few lesions of molluscum contagiosum (MC) on the trunk. Over a period of a few weeks the number of lesions increased dramatically (Figure 1) and extended over the anterior and posterior trunk as well as the extremities, embarrassing the patient and his parents. Intensive local treatment was initiated: cryotherapy was tried for a short time, but was abandoned as lesions recurred immediately after treatment. Topical treatment with silver nitrate also failed (Figure 2). A slow reduction of tacrolimus dosage aiming at trough levels of 5 mgul was tried and cryotherapy was restarted. Again there was no improvement. In addition to MC, two episodes of communityacquired pneumonia occurred 3 and 6 months after MC had developed and were successfully treated with a 10-day course of oral amoxicillin. After the second pulmonary infection it was decided to discontinue MMF and start azathioprine at a dose of 1 mgukg while tacrolimus and prednisone dosage were not changed. FACS scan demonstrated normal lymphocyte subsets levels at this stage and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, and IgM) were normal. The effect was impressive: MC lesions decreased dramatically within 1 week after this second change of immunosuppression with continued cryotherapy. The skin lesions improved rapidly and disappeared after


Background: With over 1.2 million new cases and over 608,000 deaths annually, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third highest cause of cancer death in the developed world. The most effective strategy to handle this problem is early detection of disease. Yet, surprisingly, most emphasis and budget in cancer research are devoted to new treatments of metastasized cancer.


The local community can be usefully conceptualized as an ecology of games. In the territorial system a variety of games goes on: banking, newspaper publishing, contracting, manufacturing, etc. The games give structures, goals, roles, strategies, tactics, and publics to the players. Players in each game make use of players in the others for their particular purposes. A banker uses the politician, the newspaperman, or the contractor in his game and is, in turn, used by them in theirs. The interaction of the games produces unintended but systemically functional results for the ecology. An over-all top leadership and social game provide a vague set of commonly shared values that promotes co-operation in the system though it does not provide a government.


A mixed stand of green rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. var. puberulus Jepson) and big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) was sprayed at different dates for 3 years with potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) at ¼, ½, and 1 1b/A, propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 1, 2, and 3 1b/A, and a mixture of triisopropanolamine salts of picloram plus 2,4-D at ¼ plus 1 and ½ plus 2 1b/A. Picloram at ½ and 1 1b/A controlled rabbitbrush but not sagebrush. Poor rabbitbrush control and fair to good sagebrush control resulted from 2,4-D. The mixture of picloram and 2,4-D controlled rabbitbrush well but only partially controlled sagebrush. Forage release from brush control was negligible the first 2 years after spraying. During the third and subsequent years, production of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.) was greatly increased.


We construct a photometric catalogue of very faint galaxies (I < 25.5) using deep CCD images taken with the 4.2m William Herschel telescope taken of fields centred on two distant X-ray luminous clusters: 1455+22 (zcl = 0.26) and 0016+16 (zcl = 0.55). Using a non-parametric procedure developed by Kaiser & Squires (1993), we analyse the statistical image distortions in our samples to derive two dimensional projected mass distributions for the clusters. The mass maps of 1455+22 and 0016+16 are presented at effective resolutions of 135 kpc and 200 kpc respectively (for Ho=50 kms sec 1 Mpc 1 , qo = 0.5) with a mean signal to noise per resolution element of 17 and 14. Although the absolute normalisation of these mass maps depends on the assumed redshift distribution of the I < � 25.5 field galaxies used as probes, the maps should be reliable on a relative scale and will trace the cluster mass regardless of whether it is baryonic or non-baryonic. We compare our 2-D mass distributions on scales up to �1 Mpc with those defined by the spatial distribution of colour-selected cluster members and from deep high resolution X-ray images of the hot intracluster gas. Despite the different cluster morphologies, one being cD-dominated and the other not, in both cases the form of the mass distribution derived from the lensing signal is strikingly similar to that traced by both the cluster galaxies and the hot X-ray gas. We find some evidence for a greater central concentration of dark matter with respect to the galaxies. The overall similarity between the distribution of total mass and that defined by the baryonic components presents a significant new observational constraint on the nature of dark matter and the evolutionary history of rich clusters.


Regarding the construction of top-qua-lity course as background,this paper uses C# language to construct top-quality course editor tool based on the.NET platform,this tool can display the tree structure intuitively and provide the visual editor interface,teacher can construct and browse the course easily through it,and this tool has some practical value.


Objective: The present study was conducted with the main objective of evaluating the occurrence of Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls in patients who died during their hospital stay and their association with the presence of MET calling criteria in the 24 hour and 8 hour period before death and the existence of a do not resuscitate (DNR) order. Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients that died at the hospital between 1 st October 2007 and 30 th June 2008. Patients from the emergency room and intensive care department were excluded, as METs are not activated for these areas. Studied variables included demographics, MET calls, the presence of MET calling criteria within the 24 hour and 8 hour period before death and the existence of a DNR order. The occurrence of MET calls in patients who died during their hospital stay and their association with the presence of MET calling criteria in the 24 hours and 8 hours before death and the existence of a do not resuscitate (DNR) order were analyzed. Results: 348 patients died – in-hospital mortality rate - 2, 5%. 56% were male, mean age was 75 years old. Seventy-five percent exhibited an explicit DNR order written in their clinical records. Twenty-five percent (88 patients) had no explicit DNR order in their clinical records. For 39% of these MET was activated. Twenty–four percent of these presented at least one alarm sign 24h before the MET activation, being the most common threatened airway and persistent hypotension, 82% had an alarm sign during the last 8 h before MET activation, with airway threatened (59%) and downgrade of Glasgow Coma Scale > 2 points (32%) the most frequent. In 5 of the 88 patients there was no DNR order and no MET activation. In these patients no alarm signs were found 24h before death, and only in 2 patients, alarm signs 8 h before death were identified: downgrade of Glasgow Coma Scale > 2 points in one patient and hypotension in another patient. Four of these 5 patients died during the night shift. Conclusion: In the present study the detection of alarm signs in patients and the subsequent MET activation is a good quality of care indicator. When there is no MET system these data are not available and patients with alarm signs, if not corrected might proceed, with clinical deterioration until cardiac arrest and eventually death occur.


Web applications are exposed to different threats and it is necessary to protect them. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are a solution external to the web application that do not require the modification of the application's code in order to protect it. These systems are located in the network, monitoring events and searching for signs of anomalies or threats that can compromise the security of the information systems. IDSs have been applied to traffic analysis of different protocols, such as TCP, FTP or HTTP. Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) are special cases of IDSs that are specialized in analyzing HTTP traffic with the aim of safeguarding web applications. The increase in the amount of data traveling through the Internet and the growing sophistication of the attacks, make necessary protection mechanisms that are both effective and efficient. This thesis proposes three anomaly-based WAFs with the characteristics of being high-speed, reaching high detection results and having a simple design. The anomaly-based approach defines the normal behavior of web application. Actions that deviate from it are considered anomalous. The proposed WAFs work at the application layer analyzing the payload of HTTP requests. These systems are designed with different detection algorithms in order to compare their results and performance. Two of the systems proposed are based on stochastic techniques: one of them is based on statistical techniques and the other one in Markov chains. The third WAF presented in this thesis is ML-based. Machine Learning (ML) deals with constructing computer programs that automatically learn with experience and can be very helpful in dealing with big amounts of data. Concretely, this third WAF is based on decision trees given their proved effectiveness in intrusion detection. In particular, four algorithms are employed: C4.5, CART, Random Tree and Random Forest. Typically, two phases are distinguished in IDSs: preprocessing and processing. In the case of stochastic systems, preprocessing includes feature extraction. The processing phase consists in training the system in order to learn the normal behavior and later testing how well it classifies the incoming requests as either normal or anomalous. The detection models of the systems are implemented either with statistical techniques or with Markov chains, depending on the system considered. For the system based on decision trees, the preprocessing phase comprises feature extraction as well as feature selection. These two phases are optimized. On the one hand, new feature extraction methods are proposed. They combine features extracted by means of expert knowledge and n-grams, and have the capacity of improving the detection results of both techniques separately. For feature selection, the Generic Feature Selection GeFS measure has been used, which has been proven to be very effective in reducing the number of redundant and irrelevant features. Additionally, for the three systems, a study for establishing the minimum number of requests required to train them in order to achieve a certain detection result has been performed. Reducing the number of training requests can greatly help in the optimization of the resource consumption of WAFs as well as on the data gathering process. Besides designing and implementing the systems, evaluating them is an essential step. For that purpose, a dataset is necessary. Unfortunately, finding labeled and adequate datasets is not an easy task. In fact, the study of the most popular datasets in the intrusion detection field reveals that most of them do not satisfy the requirements for evaluating WAFs. In order to tackle this situation, this thesis proposes the new CSIC dataset, that satisfies the necessary conditions to satisfactorily evaluate WAFs. The proposed systems have been experimentally evaluated. For that, the proposed CSIC dataset and the existing ECML/PKDD dataset have been used. The three presented systems have been compared in terms of their detection results, processing time and number of training requests used. For this comparison, the CSIC dataset has been used. In summary, this thesis proposes three WAFs based on stochastic and ML techniques. Additionally, the systems are compared, what allows to determine which system is the most appropriate for each scenario.


Market volatility is the focus of investors in the process of investment research. It is not only related to investors' judgment of market trends, but also has an important impact on the results of investment returns. The implied volatility of the market is a kind of volatility that is obtained with the Black-Scholes model, which has been widely recognized as well as applied in market analysis. Taking China's A-share market investment as an example, this paper analyzes and forecasts the market situation based on its implied volatility by Monte Carlo simulation, and compares the relevant results with the volatility calculated in the traditional way. This paper uses the Black-Scholes model and MATLAB soft solution to solve the implied volatility of China's A-share market represented as of the HS300 Index by numerical method. At the same time, the actual volatility of the HS300 index is calculated based on historical data. It is found that the results of the two are relatively close during the study period. After that, this paper takes the calculated implied volatility as the input parameter and combines the historical data to conduct Monte Carlo simulation of the trend of the HS300 Index in the next year (select different time points as the simulation starting point).


This paper presents the performance results of a 366-day pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) for treating high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater. The study focuses on the growth properties of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in SMBR operated at high volumetric loading rates. The influences of MLSS on COD removal,sludge yield,oxygen utilization rates and sludge viscosity are studied. Results show that the bioreactor can be operated at higher volumetric loading rate with a low sludge yield. VSS/SS and observed sludge yield coefficient (Yo) present a decreasing trend with the decrease of hydraulic retention time (HRT) . Sludge oxygen utilization rate decreases with the increase of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) . A mathematical model between sludge viscosity and MLSS is developed.


With the increasingly deep and wide research on wind power technology,the wind turbine emulation technology has been developing fast in the recent ten years.The wind turbine emulator can be used in a similar way as a real wind turbine,which provides a effective way for the research of wind power in the lab.Based on the characteristic of wind turbine,some concrete schemes of the wind turbine emulation at home and abroad was presented and a summarize of each scheme was given.


Staging laparoctomy and cytoreductive surgery is the basic operation for epithelial ovarian cancer.Omentectomy,appendectomy and retroperitoneal lymphodenectomy plays an important role in the staging and treatment for ovarian cancer.Although second look laparoctomy and secondary cytoredutive surgery play a role in the treatment for ovarian cancer,but it still has some limitations.


ABSTRACT Sorry We Missed You, directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, focuses on precarious work in modern Britain and its effects on a working-class nuclear family. Both Ricky (Kris Hitchen), the father, and Abby (Debbie Honeywood), the mother, work gruelling jobs that arguably situate them within the precariat. However, Loach and Laverty also draw attention to the gendered differences between Ricky's and Abby's situations. Drawing on the works of both Guy Standing and Arlie Russell Hochschild, we analyse Abby's three domains of work as represented in the film: her paid work, which is precarious in similar ways to her husband's; her domestic work, where she undertakes disproportionate care for their children; and her emotional work, which is required both at home and in her employment. In our analysis, we contend that Loach and Laverty do emphasise the ways Abby's experience of precarious work is different due to being a woman and mother, however, the film's ending deprioritises Abby's struggles.


Vanadium phosphorus oxides (VPO) are well known to be efficient catalysts in the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride [1]. It is believed that vanadyl pyrophosphate (VO)2P2O7 is the active phase in this process [2]. Structural nuances of the catalyst seem to be of great importance for the catalytic performance. The material undergoes strong structural rearrangements during the activation process from the precursor to the equilibrated catalyst. The preparation conditions have a strong influence on the performance of the catalyst. The specific structure of vanadyl pyrophosphate with its chains of V2O8 octahedra linked by tetrahedra of pyrophosphate P2O7 units was found to be uniquely active and selective for the reaction. This catalyst is especially interesting since there exists no other direct oxidative activation for n-alkane molecules.


Sowa kluczOWE: kino cyfrowe, innowacja technologiczna, dom sztuki, dobro publiczne Abstract: Digital cinema, which is unquestionably a technolo gical innovation, has become a post- modern art house, a multifunctional cultural instit ution, which due to its new enlarged functions grea tly contributes to generating a public good. As a non-c onventional provider it explores the abilities of cinema's alternative content to promote various man ifestations of culture - from high culture events such as classical music concerts, operas and ballet s to popular forms of entertainment as well as dive rse educational activities. In this way a digital cinem a both facilitates and encourages cultural particip ation, especially in the areas where numerous barriers exi st. Thus its value consists in actively contributin g to enlarge a social availability of the public good an d its more equal and just distribution. Consequentl y, it also enhances social cohesion by acting against soc ial exclusion, multi-dimensional marginalization and digital apartheid, especially in economically d isadvantaged societies. It successfully changes the concept of a cultural centre and periphery allowing the latter to reduce its civilisational gap. In th is way it also provides its inhabitants with more equal ch ances to participate in the global society and bene fit from the best it can offer. Considering its socio-e conomic and cultural impact, a digital cinema can b e seen as one of the most important factors generatin g human capital, which in turn strongly influences the quality of life of individuals and of whole nat ions as well as their well being and economic competitiveness. The objective of the present article is to examine the multi-dimensional potential of D-cinemas in generating public good. This issue is of importance in Poland as the digitalization process of non-com - mercial cinemas has already started and one of its challenges is to use this to the best of its potent ial.


Effects of number of lambs suckled and supplemental protein source on ewe performance were determined. Lactat ion performance of ewes nursing twin or triplet lambs was compared in Exp. 1 and 2. In Exp. 1, ewes giving birth to and nursing triplets produced 21% (P<.05) more milk/unit metabolic body weight, were 10% more efficient in the conversion o f feed to milk and produced 26% (P<.05) more kg of lamb/ewe on d 42 of lactation than did ewes giving birth to and nursing twins. In Exp. 2, lactat ion performance of ewes giving birth to triplets and rearing only two lambs was compared with performance of ewes giving birth to triplets and rearing three lambs. Ewes rearing three Iambs produced 28% (P<.08) more milk and were 26% (P<.05) more efficient in converting feed to milk than were those rearing two lambs. This suggests that direct nursing stimulation of the mammary gland is responsible for the improvement in milk production observed when ewes nurse additional lambs. The efficacy of slowly degradable protein sources for improved lactation was studied in Exp. 3 and 4. When blood meal was fed to twin-rearing ewes at 3.30% of the diet (25% of total dietary protein), milk production was greater (3,176 vs. 2,506 g/d, P<.05) and efficiency of milk production was greater (1.05 vs


Summary: We propose a new approach that combines the modified method of characteristics with a unified finite element discretization for the numerical solution of a class of coupled Darcy-advection-dispersion problems in anisotropic porous media. The proposed method benefits from advantages of the method of characteristics in its ability to handle the nonlinear convective terms, while taking advantage of a unified formulation that allows the use of equal-order finite element approximations along with the L 2 -projection method for all solutions in the problem. In the proposed Galerkin-characteristic finite element framework, the standard Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition is relaxed, and time truncation errors are reduced since no stability criterion restricts the choice of time step. For time integration, we use a Runge-Kutta scheme with the Chebyshev polynomials (RKC). The RKC method has an extensive stability field and it is explicit and second-order accurate. In order to assess the quality of the proposed approach, we perform numerical experiments for several categories of test cases. The first category concerns accuracy test examples with known analytical solutions, while the second category focuses on a benchmark problem of miscible flow in a heterogeneous porous medium. The numerical results obtained show high performance and demonstrate the ability of the method to capture dispersion effects in porous media problems.


Spiritu 6 (2006): 101–106 © 2006 by The Johns Hopkins University Press n an essay slated for publication in a journal devoted to the study of spirituality, it seems particularly important to note that Robert Orsi does not pursue his work under that rubric. Orsi positions himself within religious studies and critiques what he views as religious studies' historical emphasis on "good" or "true" religion. "It is the challenge of the discipline of religious studies not to stop at the border of human practices done in the name of the gods that we scholars find disturbing, dangerous, or even morally repugnant, but rather to enter into the otherness of religious practices in search of an understanding of their human ground" (191). While religious studies, according to Orsi, should embrace the study of religion in all its forms, Orsi understands "spirituality" as "a term crafted in this culture to designate the opposite of 'bad religion'" and, thus, constructed in order to exclude (187). While I would agree that this is the obvious cultural meaning of "I'm spiritual but not religious," this is not necessarily the self-evident meaning of the term as employed by self-identified scholars of spirituality. Among such scholars, there is a widespread consensus that spirituality should be defined in relation to "lived experience." Generic definitions specify this experience in relation to a "religious ideal" (Principe) or to the "spiritual life" (Schneiders). Christian definitions typically specify the object of study as, for example, "lived Christian faith" (Schneiders) or "the lived experience of life in the Spirit" (Principe) or "the lived experience of Christian belief" (McGinn).1 The need to specify "lived experience" in relation to religious ideals or theological concepts, rather than (say) in relation to "culturally postulated superhuman beings" following Melford Spiro, does suggest that Orsi is right to claim that "spirituality" today has tacitly carried the burden of good or true religion. A paper entitled the "spirituality of Timothy McVeigh" sounds incongruous, whereas a paper on the "religion of Timothy McVeigh" is quite conceivable. Orsi offers an important critique of "spirituality" and one that proponents of a distinct discipline of spirituality studies might want to ponder. In so far as scholars of spirituality want to limit the study of spirituality to the positive, true, or good, it is more appropriately situated, in my view, within the theological disciplines rather than religious studies. In so far as proponents Interior Disciplines and a Revitalized Phenomenology of Religion


Proposed approach for security evaluation of some cipher systems based on orthogonal transformation is introduced in this paper. This approach based on using the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as a main processor in the evaluation process. The mean value of the DFT coefficients of the ciphered outputs is considered as an evaluation parameter for evaluating the security of the considered cipher system. This approach was tested on symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems. For symmetric one, we choose a stream cipher system to be tested by this method. While for a symmetric one we chose the RSA (public key cryptosystem). These different choices gave a wide spread use for this proposed method in comparison with other evaluation methods. The results were encouraging, and can be considered as a suitable approach to enhance the security evaluation tasks. That is really considered as a hard problem facing the cryptosystem design.


The effect of starvation and refeeding on the growth performance of Esox lucius were studied at 22~26 ℃.The fish was deprived of food for 0,14,21,28,35 and 42 days respectively and then were fed at once.One week was considered as a grow phases,the experiment lasted 56d.The results showed that with the increasing of starvation period,the total loss of wet body weight increased,but the loss of wet body weight by stages decreased.After refeeding,the weight gain(WG) and specific growth rate(SGR) were significantly higher than that of control except for starving 14 days at 5th week(P0.05),and increased with the increasing of starvation period.With the increasing of starvation period,feeding rate(FR) increased significantly and food conversion rate(FCR) decreased gradually.At the 2nd week,FCR of starving 42 days was higher than other treatments(P0.05),and approximated to that of the control(P0.05).With the increasing of refeeding period,WG,SGR and FR decreased,FCR increased respectively,the fish deprived of food for 14 days was able to catch up with the control at 5th week.It suggested that WG of starvation and refeeding significantly higher than that of control because FR increased and FCR decreased,and the tend decreased with the increasing of refeeding period.


This paper described a modified method for the radiometric determination of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in rat liver. The principle advantages of this method are the improved precision and a radical reduction in the time involved in performing the assay. The procedure comprises the following steps: incubation of 14C-labelled substrate with coenzyme and cell fraction under optimized conditions; termination of the reaction by addition of organic solvent containing a defined amount of 3H-labelled reaction product; removal of precipitated protein and coenzyme by centrifugation; paper chromatographic isolation of the product; direct quantitation of 14C activity in the product zone of the paper chromatogram. The assay systems have been applied to elucidate and quantitate sex and strain differences in the activities of the above enzymes in Chbb/THOM and Sprague-Dawley rats.


Data about food composition are very important to any study of human nutrition. The Brazilian Network of Food Data Systems (BRASILFOODS) has been coordinating the national activities about food composition and is linked to the Latin American Network of Food Data Systems (LATINFOODS) which is responsible for the elaboration of the Latin America database. The Brazilian Food Composition Database was developed by BRASILFOODS and is available the Internet (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela). It contains data on proximal composition, dietary fiber, vitamin A and carotenoids, fatty acids and cholesterol and also resistant starch. The main objective of the present work is to compile and evaluate data about composition of industrialized foods in order to increase data on the Web site. According to the Familiar Budget Research developed by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) and Fundacao Instituto de Pesquisas Economicas (FIPE), new products have been included in the consumption habits of the population of Sao Paulo and its region, what shows a need of further information about those foods chemical composition. In this respect, analytical results and detailed analytical information were provided by companies as well as official laboratories. The data were criteriously evaluated, considering the several steps involved in the process, from the sample plan to the analytical quality control. The proximal composition of 747 industrialized foods were included in the Web site and these data are divided according to the following food groups: cereals and derivates (157); vegetables and derivates (21); fats and oils (26); meat and derivates (137); milk and derivates (85); sugar and sweets (42); and other products (279). Due to such expansion of the Brazilian Food Composition Database, professionals have access to updated data which have been carefully evaluated and are now closer to the population consumption profile.