Abstract Let
$\mathcal {C}_n =\left [\chi _{\lambda }(\mu )\right ]_{\lambda , \mu }$
 be the character table for
$S_n,$
 where the indices
$\lambda $
 and
$\mu $
 run over the
$p(n)$
 many integer partitions of
$n.$
 In this note, we study
$Z_{\ell }(n),$
 the number of zero entries
$\chi _{\lambda }(\mu )$
 in
$\mathcal {C}_n,$
 where
$\lambda $
 is an
$\ell $
 -core partition of
$n.$
 For every prime
$\ell \geq 5,$
 we prove an asymptotic formula of the form
$$ \begin{align*}Z_{\ell}(n)\sim \alpha_{\ell}\cdot \sigma_{\ell}(n+\delta_{\ell})p(n)\gg_{\ell} n^{\frac{\ell-5}{2}}e^{\pi\sqrt{2n/3}}, \end{align*} $$
 where
$\sigma _{\ell }(n)$
 is a twisted Legendre symbol divisor function,
$\delta _{\ell }:=(\ell ^2-1)/24,$
 and
$1/\alpha _{\ell }>0$
 is a normalization of the Dirichlet L-value
$L\left (\left ( \frac {\cdot }{\ell } \right ),\frac {\ell -1}{2}\right ).$
 For primes
$\ell $
 and
$n>\ell ^6/24,$
 we show that
$\chi _{\lambda }(\mu )=0$
 whenever
$\lambda $
 and
$\mu $
 are both
$\ell $
 -cores. Furthermore, if
$Z^*_{\ell }(n)$
 is the number of zero entries indexed by two
$\ell $
 -cores, then, for
$\ell \geq 5$
 , we obtain the asymptotic
$$ \begin{align*}Z^*_{\ell}(n)\sim \alpha_{\ell}^2 \cdot \sigma_{\ell}( n+\delta_{\ell})^2 \gg_{\ell} n^{\ell-3}. \end{align*} $$


This article focuses on existing published accounts of firesetting treatment for mental health patients in the UK, highlights key challenges facing individuals tasked with designing and evaluating such programmes, and then provides an overview of ongoing multi-site firesetting treatment and associated research currently being undertaken in secure forensic mental health hospitals in the UK. Finally, information is presented for practitioners who are interested in adopting the programme and partaking in the wider research evaluation.


Several typesofevidence indicate thatthegenecodingfortheskeletal muscle actinisexpressed intheratheart:1)A recorribinant plasmid containing aninsert witha nucleotide sequence identical tothatofthehomologousregion ofskeletal muscleactingenewasisolated froma cDNAlibrary prepared onratcardiac mRNAtemplate. 2)Usingspecific probesitwasfound thattheheartsofnewborn ratscontain a significant amountofskeletal muscleactinmRNA.Thequantity ofthismRNAintheheartdecreases during development. 3)Theskeletal muscleactingeneisDNAaseIsensitive in nucleifromrathearttissue. A plasmid containing acDNAinserthomologous toa partofthecardiac actinmRNAwasisolated andsequenced. Itwasfoundthatinspiteofthe greatsimilarity between theaminoacidsequence oftheskeletal muscleand cardiac actins, thenucleotide sequences ofthetwomRNAsareconsiderably divergent. Thereisonlylimited sequence homology between the3'untranslatedregions ofthetwomRNAs.However, thereisanextensive sequence homology between the3'untranslated regions oftheratandhumancardiac mRNAs,suggesting a functional roleforthisregionofthegeneormRNA.


Choosing a textbook for English as Foreign Language (EFL) courses is an issue both important and complex, involving multiple parts of an organisation. The costs of search, evaluation, and selection are not insignificant but can quickly become sunk in the case where textbooks are cycled from year to year. This paper argues against such a policy and does so on three levels: empirical, theoretical, and practical. We examined two different EFL classes in which one of them used the same textbook over several years whilst the other changed the textbook every year. As a result, we show that annual textbook-cycling is associated with greater intertemporal performance variation and contributes to inefficient institutional environments. We also argue that biennial (or longer) cycles loosen budget constraints for textbook selection, which is preferable from an educator's perspective.


Galaxy cluster surveys are power tools for studying the dark energy. In principle, the equation of state parameter w of the dark energy and its time evolution can be extracted from large solid angle, high yield surveys that deliver tens of thousands of clusters. Robust constraints require accurate knowledge of the survey selection, and crude cluster redshift estimates must be available. A simple survey observable like the cluster flux is connected to the underlying cluster halo mass through a so--called mass--observable relation. The calibration of this mass--observable relation and its redshift evolution is a key challenge in extracting precise cosmological constraints. Cluster survey self--calibration is a technique for meeting this challenge, and it can be applied to large solid angle surveys. In essence, the cluster redshift distribution, the cluster power spectrum, and a limited number of mass measurements can be brought together to calibrate the survey and study the dark energy simultaneously. Additional survey information like the shape of the mass function and its evolution with redshift can then be used to test the robustness of the dark energy constraints.


The front line demonstration on production technology of radish cv. DHAWAL KRANTI was conducted for four years (2005-06 to 2008-09) on farmers field in four different villages in all the four talukas of Dhule district in Kharif season. It was observed that the average yield performance of 40 demonstrated radish crop in an area of 8 hectares ranged from 104 to 118 q / ha. The average yield of 40 demonstrations in an area of 8 hectares of radish crop for four years was found to be 110.5 q / ha whereas for local crop, it was found to be 82.75 q / ha. There was 33.59 per cent increase in demonstration yield over local crop during all the four years. The farmers have incurred average higher returns of Rs. 32275/ha through these demonstrations. The comparative results of the demonstration highlighted the cost benefit ratio of 3.49 as against the local crop which recorded 3.07, respectively. Results of the demonstration had shown that the use of improved variety, improved cultivation practices, proper post-harvest management and plant protection measures resulted in higher productivity of radish.


Electrophoretic Image Displays (EPIDs) are an electronic ink based on the reflectance of light on pigments that can be switched in an electrical field. There is no threshold in the optical switching properties of these pigments, which makes passive matrix addressing of a display built up with these pigments impossible. In this article we present a method to introduce such a threshold.


Certain cytological aspects of gametogenesis are examined in two species of rhigonematid nematodes parasitizing the posterior gut of Anadenobolus politus (Rhinocricidae; Diplopoda) in Guadeloupe. In both species, sex is determined by an XX/XO mechanism; this is taken as an indication of the phylogenetic distinctness of rhigonematids from the order Oxyurida which recent studies show to be haplodiploid. In Ichthyocephalus anadenoboli. males had 9 and females had 10 chromosomes; in Heth mauriesi, males had 15 and females had 16 chromosomes. In both species, the X chromosome and one autosomal pair were positively heteropyenotic (i.e., they condensed before and stained more intensely than the rest of the chromosomes) during meiotic prophase in males; in H. mauriesi, these chromosomes were negatively heteropyenotic during meiotic metaphase in males. In females of both species, all chromosomes stained similarly.


The dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) combined with the fluctuation exchange (FLEX) method, namely, FLEX+DMFT, is an approach for correlated electron systems to incorporate both local and nonlocal long-range correlations in a self-consistent manner. We formulate FLEX+DMFT in a systematic way starting from a Luttinger-Ward functional, and apply it to study the $d$-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model. The critical temperature $({T}_{c})$ curve obtained in the FLEX+DMFT exhibits a dome structure as a function of the filling, which has not been clearly observed in the FLEX approach alone. We trace back the origin of the dome to the local vertex correction from DMFT that renders a filling dependence in the FLEX self-energy. We compare the results with those of GW+DMFT, where the ${T}_{c}$-dome structure is qualitatively reproduced due to the same vertex correction effect, but a crucial difference from FLEX+DMFT is that ${T}_{c}$ is always estimated below the N\'eel temperature in GW+DMFT. The single-particle spectral function obtained with FLEX+DMFT exhibits a double-peak structure as a precursor of the Hubbard bands at temperatures above ${T}_{c}$.


Nursing2007, January 23 DO • Make sure the patient has given informed consent. Note and report any lab abnormalities. Check for allergies, especially to skin antiseptic or local anesthetic. Let her empty her bladder and bowels. • Tell her that she must stay still during the procedure. Explain that the practitioner will clean her lower back, drape it, and inject a local anesthetic, which may cause a burning sensation. Then he'll insert a special needle to withdraw some CSF. She may feel pressure. • Gather the lumbar puncture tray and any other equipment needed.


In the present work, ship propulsion performance at different trim angles are investigated. CFD method with dynamic overset grid technique is used to direct simulate the free running ship model. The self-propulsion with design ship speed Fr=0.20 is firstly conducted and the predicted results are compared with experimental data. Then ship with different trim angles varying from -0.8° to 1.6° are simulated to investigate the propulsion behavior at different trim condition. All the numerical simulations are carried out by CFD solver naoe-FOAMSJTU. Hydrodynamic forces including thrust and torque of twin propellers are analyzed. It is found that the thrust and torque have much different behavior at negative and positive trim angle. The corresponding wake flows at different trim angles are responsible for the above propulsion characteristics.


Abstract : One of the way that the Army helps reserve Component training managers conduct training efficiently is through Aviation Resource Management Survey (ARMS) evaluation team visits. The research reported in this document was performed to help the First U.S. Army Deputy chief of Staff for Training evaluate and revise the First Army ARMS Checklist. Aviation personnel from first Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve aviation support facilities and aviation units rated the Detectability, Importance, and Criticality of the items contained in the ARMS checklist as applied to a facility and to a unit. The results indicate that, on the average, the Detectability and Importance of the deficiencies described in the checklist items were rated as moderate to high, while the Criticality was rated as low. The rating distributions and the verbal scale anchors suggest that different criteria may be appropriate for determining if an item is low or high on each of the three scales. A procedure for using the Detectability, Importance, and Criticality information for revising the ARMS Checklist was developed. Recommendations are provided for improving both the checklist and content and the evaluation procedures. In addition, an Arms Checklist data base was developed to help Army managers organize, interpret, and summarize the results of ARMS visits.


Commercial pasteurised liquid whole egg was spray-dried, both alone and mixed with liquid milk, and some of it was frozen. Paper electrophoresis revealed that lipoprotein fractions from the pasteurised liquid egg were mainly immobile, in contrast to unpasteurised new-laid egg which contained both mobile and immobile lipoprotein fractions. The major difference between the soluble proteins of the commercial chilled pasteurised liquid egg and those of the same egg after freezing and thawing was the presence, in the former, of an inert lipoprotein fraction, amounting to 3.6% of the total egg solids and containing 88% lipid. The "soluble" proteins of spray-dried egg and egg-milk mixture also included large "inert" lipoprotein fractions eluted with the void volume. They contained 72–81% of lipid and accounted for 7–13% of the total egg solids. Larger fractions were eluted by the stronger salt buffer solutions and by hydrochloric acid from the dried egg-milk mixture than from the dried egg, and these were probably derived from the milk. All the spray-dried samples possessed the "inert insoluble" protein fraction characteristic of liquid egg, and the presence of a high molecular weight lipoprotein fraction was confirmed in each case. The "insoluble proteins" of the spray-dried samples had higher protein contents than those from the original chilled liquid egg and the thawed frozen egg.


Studies on spatial data distribution and index structure have found that neither grid nor quad-tree index structure is efficient for managing the aggregated spatial data. Within this context a hybrid index structure is proposed in this essay, which, as per grid index parameters, incorporates quadtree index into grid index structure. Then after an analysis of the new system efficiency, details are given about how to construct a hybrid index structure and how to control its parameters, followed by an experimental application to visualizing the spatial data of Nanjing city obtained from portable navigating devices. The research result shows that the hybrid index structure enjoys obvious efficiency superiority over singular ones. Then the essay concludes with recommendations for further study on the plan inner mechanism, so as to enhance its stability and spread its application.


The invention discloses an abrasion-free abrasive disc type solid-liquid separator which comprises a rack (17), a driving mechanism and a solid-liquid separating mechanism. The driving mechanism is connected with the solid-liquid separating mechanism, the rack (17) is arranged on the lower portions of the driving mechanism and the solid-liquid separating mechanism, the solid-liquid separating mechanism comprises a box, a feeding port (3) is formed in the front portion of the box, a solid discharging port (10) is arranged on the rear portion of the box, a water collector (18) is arranged on the lower portion of the box and provided with a water outlet, and a separating component is arranged inside the box. The abrasion-free abrasive disc type solid-liquid separator has grinding effect, hard particles or fibers entering a piece gap of the separating component are cut and ground through relative rotation of movable and fixed pieces, self-cleaning is realized through effect of water flow in the piece gap, and blockage or unsmooth drainage is avoided. Parameters like depth and angle of a spiral groove can be changed according to inter-face materials.


This paper investigates the profit-structure relationship in the Italian factoring industry over the period 1993-97. Differently from the previous literature, we have used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate efficiency measures. Although this innovation may imply a greater amount of noise in regression analyses undertaken, this method appear to be more appropriate than the parametric estimate in consideration of the small number of observations available. In addition, DEA allows us to consider three efficiency terms (i.e. Technical, Allocative and Scale efficiency), rather than the two traditionally employed (i.e. X-efficiency and Scale efficiency) in the literature. The introduction of the allocative efficiency is particularly interesting because it allows us to restate the Relative-Market Power (RMP) hypotheses and to extend the Efficiency-Structure (ES) hypotheses. In this first stage, we found a positive relationship between firms profits and market structure variables (both CONC and MS): this relationship should be interpreted as a support to the ES hypotheses (especially of the TE-EFF version) rather than to the RMP hypotheses. In the second stage, when allocative efficiency is introduced, results differ substantially: 1) the positive profit-structure relationship is now observed for MS, but not for CONC; 2) only the TE-EFF version of the ES hypothesis is supported, but not in the other two; 3) when Technical and Scale efficiency measures are directly considered, coefficients predicted by RMP hypotheses are not observed. In the final stage, prices regressions were re-run by using a unique indicator of all prices charged. The coefficient signs predicted by the RMP and by the ES hypotheses were not observed and none of the hypotheses appear to be supported. These latter findings, together with the fact that some of these relationships have not been previously analysed, seem to require further research along these lines.


The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) is a leading source of up-to-date, representative, and comprehensive data on hemodialysis practice and patient outcomes worldwide. Since its inception, the study's primary aim has been to identify practices that extend survival and improve


The Air Lock Floor and the Pressure Ring are two effective 'measures for control of air flow directions between rooms or zones in buildings. They create a pressure hierarchy that controls spread of pollutants. Here an example has been given for radon from a crawl space, odours from a bakery into a dwelling above and an isolation chamber with a leaky facade. The Air Lock floor can operate with a 7 W fan and at the same time extract the normal dwelling ventilation flowrate. Used in the ground floor, the Air Lock Floor results in a warmer floor and contributes to energy savings. The now well ventilated, warmer and dryer crawl-space would make the use of wooden (plywood) floors possible with less risk of wood rot and mould growth.


We have developed a novel contrast agent for molecular optical coherence tomography. 3D nano chiral particles are designed and fabricated. Their detection sensitivity is evaluated with a circular polarization OCT system.


With the cell culture method,a parvovirus strain JL1-05 was successfully isolated from an adult dead feline which might have been infected by FPV.Through sensitive tests,morphology survey,HA and HI tests,artificial infection experiment,PCR detection and sequenced and so on,we observed that the parvovirus strain with a diameter of 20-24 nm long could grow very well on F81 cells;was no capsule;resisted to heat,aether,chloroform and parenzyme;had agglutination with the red blood cell of pig at 4℃;and its PCR amplification products tallied with our exception.Its gene sequence homology compared with the stand strain(VP2) was up to 99%.All the results proved that the isolated virus was feline panleucopenia virus.


Effects of tissue property in the on-body communications were investigated in this paper. First, to simplify the human body modeling, homogeneous human models were constructed for different frequencies and their accuracies were discussed. It turned out that from the path loss point of view, muscle equivalent model provides a good approximation for low frequency propagation while skin equivalent model is more accurate at high frequency. Then, the variabilities of path loss for the belt-to-chest link as the result of tissue property changes were examined. The mean and standard deviation of path loss exponent were presented from which the limits of path loss can be determined. Results showed that tissue property has larger impact at low frequency.


In this research project, researcher will be explained about assessing the effectiveness of automated email marketing campaign in order to retain customer loyalty. The purposes of this research are to examine the effectiveness of automated email marketing campaign and to investigate the reasons why it can retain customer loyalty. The methodology chose by researcher is quantitative research where the survey will be conducted to collect data that will be extract to perform mathematical techniques. The data collected will be identified regarding the effectiveness of automated email marketing campaign to retain customer loyalty and analysed using SmartPLS software. The results gain from this research is there will be a reason on why automated email marketing campaign is chose in order to retain customer loyalty. In addition, result also revealed that the variables used in effective automated email marketing campaign will gives difference data towards on how it can retain customer loyalty and it shows that the frequency and outstanding content have relationship between the customer loyalty. However, relevant database has no relationship between the customer loyalty. The implications and limitation will be explained further in conclusion.


One embodiment comprises, one external references to Web pages, or, a method for associating a conversion performed by the viewer of a plurality of the web page. The method includes receiving a web page to be monitored, one should be associated, or, and determining a plurality of conversions. One be associated, or, more transformation is one that is performed on a web page by a viewer of a web page, or comprises a plurality of actions. The method also includes identifying a viewer of the web page. Viewer of a web page is browsed who have completed at least one action included in the conversion to be associated. The method also includes the step of identifying comprising the steps of: identifying at least one action that is completed, the external references to direct viewers to a web page by a viewer. External references, including a reference to the web page. .FIELD 2


the vitreous humour. It was pear-shaped in form, and barely altered its position after the patient had moved the eye quickly up and down, and from side to side. It appeared to be attached by its pointed extremity somewhat firmly, the base floating in the vitreous humour immediately behind the lens. It was impossible to get a glimpse of the disk. The opacity was extremely dense, resembling a piece of thick crape. There were not any vessels near it. Now and again, as the film moved slightly, a retinal vessel could be seen. The retina and choroid appeared healthy, and the eye was free from pain. There was no history of syphilis. The heart was healthy, the urine was normal, and there was no suspicion of brain-mischief Vision was limited to shadows. Mercury had no effect; for, after mildly keeping up its specific action for a fortnight, the film remained unaltered in character, and vision had not improved. Iodide of potassium, given in increasing doses, produced a marked change. Vision in a few days so far improved that fingers could be counted. Unfortunately, at this stage she ceased to attend. Some months afterwards, I accidentally heard that she recovered a fair amount of vision. CASE II.-A healthy-looking young man, by trade a mechanic, assured me that he had enjoyed good vision. On April 25th last, he accompanied a militia regiment from their barracks to a church at some considerable distance. The sun was shining brightly at the time, and the red cloth of the soldiers' tunics sadly dazzled his eyes. As he continued to stare at the soldiers, the left eye suddenly "went quite dark." He had no pain in the head, nor any other distressing symptom at the time, and was in excellent health. On his arrival at home, his mother noticed that the pupil of the now blind eye was much too large. I first saw him on May 3rd. He then, and subsequently, enjoyed perfect health. His previous history was perfectly satisfactory. His family history was also good. He did not inherit syphilis, nor had he ever contracted it. He did not smoke tobacco; he abstained entirely from spirituous liquors. No symptoms of organic mischief were present; the lungs, heart, urine, etc., on examination, being found healthy. He suffered from converging strabismus and a slight degree of hypermetropia. The eyes performed their movements properly, though there was slight weakness of the external rectus of the right eye, which converged more strongly than its fellow; but the weakness was not due to any central nerve-mischief. The cornea of the ailing eye was bright; the anterior chamber of a normal size; and the iris, which was of a dark brown colour, presented no appearance of disease. The pupil was dilated, and acted sluggishly, and qualitative perception of light was absent. Tension was normal. He could just discern letters of 20 Jager with the damaged eye; the healthy eye read No. i. The eye was free from vascularity, intolerance of light, and pain. There was great centripetal contraction of the field of vision. The form of the field, at eight inches, was nearly round, and measured only one inch and a-half by one inch and three-quarters. Ophthalhoscopic Examination.-A large dark body, the lower half of which resembled in appearanee a piece of dark crape, the upper half being more translucent, and not unlike a piece of muslin, as the eye diverged, floated through the vitreous humour behind the lens, and entirely prevented any reflection from the fundus. Its base had an attachment at the lower and outer side. As the eye converged, it receded, and I saw the disk, retina, and choroid. The disk was hypercemic, but the retinal vessels presented no abnormal appearance. The pigment of the choroid was so abundant that I could not see its vessels. The retina had the appearance of health. An interesting feature in the case was the peculiarity of the floating membrane. As the eye diverged, and it slowly floated through the vitreous humour, it could be seen to unfurl by degrees until it was completely stretched out, as if it had been lying in folds one above the other. No vessel was to be seen near it. He was ordered to take ten grains of iodide of potassium three times a day. On May 5th, vision had so far improved that No. io Jager could be read. The ophthalmoscope showed an unaltered condition within the eye. On May 7th, the pupil was less dilated, and acted more readily. Vision had improved to No. 6 Jager, and the field of vision had increased, at eight inches measuring four and a half by five inches. Both qualitative and quantitative perception of light were moderately good. The opacity was less dark, and there was a slight reflection from the fundus through it. The disk remained hyperzemic. On Alay ioth, he could read No. 6 Jager. The film could hardly be seen. The disk looked healthy. On May 12th, the field of vision was perfect; the film could not be seen; he read No. 4 Jager. On May 17th, he read No. I Jager; the film was gone. The hypothesis that a large membranous opacity should be suddenly formed, and in a few hours give rise to total blindness, is, I think, untenable. A more reasonable supposition is, that such membrane has been slowly formed, that during the time of growth it has been firmly attached, and, from some unknown cause, a large portion has become detached, and, floating through vitreous humour behind the lens, caused sudden loss of vision.


The Far Eastern Commission on June 9 approved a policy decision permitting the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, upon receipt of the appropriate invitation, to appoint members of his staff as observers at intergovernmental conferences where attendance would be of interest to the occupation. Japanese technical personnel might accompany any SCAP staff when it was deemed necessary and was acceptable to the country which was acting as host to the conference. On March 13 the commission had rejected by a vote of 8 to 1 with 2 abstentions a motion to censure the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (MacArthur) for sending a Japanese to attend the Geneva radio frequency conference of the International Telecommunications Union as technical adviser to General Mac Arthur's observer at the meetings.


The research and development of bulletproof materials reflects the country′s military might.It′s a safety guarantee of the nation and the nationals.Nowadays,modern bulletproof materials have been developing rapidly.Researchers pay more attentions to the coexisting of functionality,flexibility and economical efficiency than the single defense performance.The achievements of the modern bulletproof materials in the currently world from the aspects of classification,measurements and modification are reviewed.The existing problems and deficiencies are pointed out,and the directions for future development of modern bulletproof materials are proposed.


The topic of the paper is Treasure Island written by Robert Louis Stevenson. The aims of the translation are to find out and analyze cultural context and idiomatic expression in the short story. In translating the text from the source language text into the receptor language text, some difficult words are found but using dictionaries and theories solves it. In translating long sentences the writer used free translation, not transferred into word-by-word translation. The writer has to translate it by idiomatic translation based on the theory. Cultural contexts found in Treasure Island are: wooden chest, drunk bottles rum, drunk everyday, rings in their ears, the stockade and the jolly roger. The Idiomatic expressions also found, such as big white house, red cross, burned by the sun and the wind, brown from the sun and purple and black. Key Words: Translation, Short Story, Text


Maps are produced for many purposes. Cartographers should consider the young map user more carefully in the positioning of map names and overall design. If this is done children at the concrete level of map-reasoning will receive more cartographic information from maps.


We propose a tunable spin filter based on periodic diluted magnetic semiconductor/semiconductor (DMS/S) superlattices. It is found that periodic DMS/S superlattices can filter high efficiently not only spin-up electrons but also spin-down ones over a broad range of incident energies. The positions and widths of spin-filtering bands can be manipulated by adjusting the parameters of the superlattices or the external magnetic field. It is also found that the defect layer within the system generally leads to a strong suppression of spin-dependent transmission and makes the superlattices filter single-energy electrons. The results obtained may lead to potential applications in the field of spintronics.


The objective of the work is to reveal and analyze the processes and changes in the formation of the national sovereign education system, including to consider the development and implementation of new models of university development management in a critical period for the education sector using methods of analysis and generalization. Main results: taking into account innovative processes in higher education, the functions of third–generation universities that receive their development or changed essential content in new political, demographic and economic conditions are clarified and described; elements and mechanisms for improving the effectiveness of human resources are described. On the basis of the research, the authors reasonably summarize the changing role and importance of additional vocational education to support national technological sovereignty on the basis of the updated personnel policy of universities. The material is aimed at specialists in the field of higher education and employers from among science–intensive and high–tech companies of large and medium–sized businesses.


e-Kemas Management System (e-I<MS) is an analysis system that has been
developed for KEMAS kindergarten to make a registrations kindergarten manually and
keep it in file, which is losing data. The main problem is all chi ldren's has been captured
manually using a paper based approach. The time needed to capture the information is
longer and the process of registration will become harder. Therefore, e-KMS aims to solve
the problem identified. The system consists of five modules which are login, record
registration children and parent information, repott generation, backup and recovery, and
expot1 all record information. This system applied system developments methodology
which is using Watetfall model. This system will be implemented using Oracle lOg as a
Database Management System and Oracle Form.


Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) are the two most common forms of viral hepatitis. They are also the most common bloodborne viral infections to affect people who inject drugs. While the urgency of preventing and treating HIV infection among people who inject drugs has overshadowed the more 'silent' epidemic of viral hepatitis, the latter is increasingly recognised as a major public health problem, particularly in cases in which people living with HIV are co-infected with HBV and/or HCV.


The influence of tree density (2 x 3, 1 x 2, and 0.5 x 1 m) and weed control (weedy vs. weed free) on the growth and branching architecture of Populus xeuramericana cv. Eugenei was examined in an experimental plantation in southwestern Michigan, U.S.A. In the presence of weeds, poplars were shorter (p < 0.0001), had a smaller basal diameter (p < 0.0001), initiated fewer branches (p = 0.0004), and had fewer living branches (p = 0.002), shorter branches (p < 0.0001), and branches that spread outward (p < 0.0001). Increasing tree density decreased poplar height (p < 0.0001), basal diameter (p < 0.0001), branch length (p = 0.0062), and the number of living branches (p < 0.0001). At high densities, branches spread outward at their origin (p = 0.0015) and then curved sharply upward (p = 0.002). At the highest planting density there was no difference in branching in plots with and without weed control. However, poplars in the weedy treatment were smaller than those in the weed-free treatment (p < 0.0001). Our re...


In this article, an invariantized finite difference scheme to find the solution of the heat equation, is developed. The scheme is based on a discrete symmetry transformation. A comparison of the results obtained by the proposed scheme and the Crank Nicolson method is carried out with reference to the exact solutions. It is found that the proposed invariantized scheme for the heat equation improves the efficiency and accuracy of the existing Crank Nicolson method.


Probabilistic wind power forecasting is a critical technique in the decision-making process of the upcoming power grid with large penetration of environment-friendly energy generation. Conventional quantile regression based deep networks often suffer from quantile crossing and network redundancy. In this study, an improved non-crossing sparse-group-Lasso deep quantile regression model is presented for probabilistic wind power forecasting. Quantile crossing constraints and a sparse group Lasso algorithm are designed to pursue an interpretable and compact network. For illustration, an empirical case of a wind power dataset collected from a wind turbine SCADA system is used. Extensive comparisons validate the superiority of the presented model in terms of forecasting quality and computational efficiency.


Negative effects exists between the control commands and control targets of AGC and AVC system, which result in a series of problems such as system security and overshoot. This paper models a coordinated automatic control system of AGC and AVC based on hierarchical control, adopting decomposition-coordination method between active power and reactive power based on time dimension, the design scheme of each control layer is also given. The upper controller optimize active and reactive power coordinately, and then provides the reference setting for comprehensive optimal economic and security. The lower controller improve the control strategy of AGC in advance thus actualized comprehensive energy saving, study of the AGC effects on voltage control is carried out and realize the comprehensive optimal of economic and security by means of suitable voltage control command. Besides, the coordination process checks and corrects the commands in an iterative way, and then get the final comprehensive coordinated commands, which can minimize the negative effects thus maintains the system operating within the multi-objective suboptimal area. Simulations in computer prove the effectiveness of the proposed control system and the strategies


The stator slot of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor (LHPMSM) is generally designed as straight slot, due to the need of wire embedding process, which will introduce a large number of tooth harmonics. At the same time. Tooth harmonics worsen the eddy current loss of permanent magnets(PMs), leading to continuous temperature rise, demagnetization of PMs, and affecting the working performance of motor. In this paper, a slot wedge made of composite material is proposed and a magnetic insulation slot is introduced into the rotor. The optimized model not only decreases the eddy current loss, but also improves the electromagnetic performance of LHPMSM.


MIMO antennas are a type of antennas using more than one antenna for transmission and reception of signals. The proposed 2x2 MIMO antenna having two antennas in that one antenna is horizontally polarized and another antenna is vertically polarized. The proposed antenna works on C band. The newly designed 2x2 MIMO system works on 5GHz with 250MHz-300MHz bandwidth with reduced VSWR and high gain. The advantages of proposed MIMO antenna system are compact size, maximum reduced interference and high data rate and can used for WiMax applications.


Parameter extraction procedure and simulation of dilute nitride solar cells are reported. Using PC1D simulation and fitting to experimental current-voltage and external quantum efficiency data, we retrieve the phenomenological material parameters for GaInNAs solar cells. Based on these, we have constructed a model that can explain the changes in short circuit current and open circuit voltage of n-i-p solar cells subjected to rapid thermal annealing. The model reveals that non-annealed MBE-grown GaInNAs material has an n-type doping that evolves to p-type upon rapid thermal annealing. The change of doping type and the shift of the physical location of the pn-junction were confirmed by Kelvin-probe force microscopy. The PC1D modelling was found to work well also for GaInNAs p-i-n solar cells with opposite polarity. It was also found that the GaInNAs lower doping levels in p-i-n solar cells grown at lowered As/III flux ratios were associated with increased carrier lifetimes.


In this study, the five dilutions of alcoholic and water extracts of Thea sinesis and Hibisus sabdoriffa were prepared then the inhibitory effect of all extracts of the plants used in the study have also been studied on three of gram negative bacteria isolated from diarrhea. The conclusions have shown that the alcoholic extract from both plants has a higher effect in all microbes compound to the water extract. The alcoholic and water extract of the Hibiscus sabdariffa has a higher inhibitory effect from that of Thea sinesis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (M. I. C.) has also been identified in this study for the alcoholic and aqueous extract of the plant related to the study. The identification of this concentration was different according to the type of the extract and the microbe.


This is the supplemental online appendix to the paper "Regression Discontinuity with Many Thresholds" which is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2712957.


The invention belongs to the field of bituminous pavement maintenance of roads, and in particular relates to a flexible micro-surfacing sealing slurry mixture and a preparation method thereof. The flexible micro-surfacing sealing slurry mixture is characterized in that the mixture is prepared from the following materials in part by weight: 100 parts of aggregate, 2 to 4 parts of filling materials, 7 to 11 parts of water, 9 to 14 parts of SBR/FCC slurry oil compound modified emulsified asphalt and 1 to 3 parts of inorganic fiber, wherein the SBR/FCC slurry oil compound modified emulsified asphalt is prepared from the following materials in part by weight: 2 to 4 parts of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), 5 to 15 parts of FCC slurry oil, 100 parts of matrix asphalt, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of cationic emulsifier, and 65 to 75 parts of the water. Asphalt pavement micro-surfacing sealing paved by using the flexible micro-surfacing sealing slurry mixture has high low-temperature anti-cracking performance.


Economic research on industry location and agglomeration has focused nearly exclusively on manufacturing. This paper shows that services are prominent among the most agglomerated industries, especially at the county level. Because traditional measures of knowledge spillovers, natural resource inputs, and labor pooling explain little of agglomeration in services industries, this paper takes an alternative approach and looks at co-agglomeration to assess why industries cluster together. By considering the location patterns of pairs of industries instead of individual industries, the traditional agglomeration explanations can be measured more richly, and additional measures – like the need to locate near suppliers or customers – can be incorporated. The results show that co-agglomeration between pairs of services industries is driven by knowledge spillovers and the direct trading relationship between the industries, especially at the zip code level. Information technology weakens the need for services industries to co-agglomerate at the state level, perhaps because electronic transport of services outputs lowers the value of longer-distance proximity. These results are in sharp contrast to results for manufacturing, for which labor pooling contributes most to co-agglomeration, and the direct-trading relationship contributes more to state-level co-agglomeration. These differences between services and manufacturing are consistent with simple models of transport costs.


A gear meshing mathematical model was set up according to the tooth profile normal line method. The influence of the gear cutter-workpiece center distance on the tooth profile accuracy was discussed in spur gear cutting using a new type of gear cutter, with the center distance errors being ±0.005, ±0.01, ±0.02 and ±0.04 respectively. The results show that the machined tooth profile errors at the root circle is less than 1μm, while errors at other parts of the tooth profile are even smaller.


PURPOSE: A lighting device is provided to increase quantity of light emitted from a point light source by arranging a reflector on the rear side of an optical lens. CONSTITUTION: A lighting device comprises one or more point light sources(3001-3003), an optical lens, a driver circuit and a heat sink(306). The optical lens emits light to the front side of the point light source. The optical lens is comprised of a first lens unit and a second lens unit. The driver circuit generates driving power for driving the point light source by receiving a commercial power source. The optical lens, the point light source, and the driving circuit are inserted into the first and second holes of the heat sink. The reflector is arranged on the outer side of the optical lens.


In view of the over voltage of the output when the intrinsically safe power supply starts or input voltage has perturbation,and it is easy to cause the precision and safety of the electric equipment,the PWM controlled buck converter is taken as an example for research.On the basis of differential equations are established by the variable inductor profile and output voltage,dynamic performance of PWM buck converters is investigated in continuous conduction mode(CCM).The condition leading to oscillation and over-voltage phenomenon is obtained.The oscillation frequency,the maximum value of output voltage together with the instance of maximum voltage are also deduced.The proposed method is verified by PSPICE simulation and experiment.


Preface The present volume contains the lectures and short talks given at the XXII International School on Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications. The meeting was held from 10 to 16 September 2017 in "Grifid Encanto Beach Hotel", in the Golden Sands Resort near the city of Varna. The School was organized by the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In keeping with a long-standing tradition, the School has been held every second year since 1973. The School's program has been restructured to encompass our new international links and today it is more similar to an international conference than to a classical nuclear physics school. Fifty participants from 12 countries enjoyed the scientific presentations and discussions during the pleasant evenings.


BACKGROUND
Drugs having poor solubility exhibit hurdles in their formulation development due to poor dissolution and low bioavailability issues. Nanocrystallization is a great technique for incorporating poorly soluble drugs and is additionally associated with so many benefits.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present review is to discuss formulation techniques for the generation of nanocrystals (NCs) and to illustrate the various advantages of NCs. The review also spotlights on commonly used stabilizers, guidelines for their safe use for enhancement of NCs and provides a deep sight into various biomedical applications of NCs.

METHOD
The review was extracted from the study carried out in the general literature to emphasize the importance of NCs in various formulations.

RESULTS
NCs are a widely accepted approach to enhance drug solubility. There are so many marketed products of nanocrystal drug formulations that are being used to treat life-threatening disorders. Two techniques can be used to formulate NCs, i.e., bottom-up method and top-down method. Their main biomedical applications are found in oral, parenteral, pulmonary, ocular, dermal, and mucosal formulations.

CONCLUSION
In the present review, different formulation methods of NCs have been discussed in detail, followed by elaborating the advantages and various targeted drug delivery systems covered by NCs formulations. The development of NCs based formulation avoids the limitations of other systems used for targeted drug delivery.


EXPERTS have warned that Laoss strength as a South-east Asian country with one of the lowest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates may turn into a weakness if it breeds complacency in fighting the epidemic. Less than 0.1 percent of Laotians aged between 15 and 40 have HIV/AIDS compared to neighbouring Thailands much higher 1.8 percent and Cambodias 2.7 percent according to the figures by the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS. "Little social impact (from HIV/AIDS) has been recorded for the past ten years since Laos opened up the country (to market reforms)" said Dr Keophouvanh Douangphachanh a consultant at the state-run National Committee for the Control of AIDS Bureau (NCCA) under the Health Ministry. He attributes this not only to Laos relatively recent transition to a market economy but its culture. "This is because we have good culture about monogamy and not having sex before marriage" he said. Awareness has been growing over the years in this country of 5.5 million Keophouvanh said. The NCCA in charge of dealing with the epidemic was set up in 1988 before the first HIV/AIDS case was reported two years later. (excerpt)


The influence of sodium chloride ingestion via the drinking water upon the flux of fluid and minerals to and from the rumen of sheep has been examined. Four Merino wethers were each prepared with ruminal and bilateral parotid duct fistulas to allow continuous sampling and measurement of flow rates and were offered rainwater which was zero, 136 or 221mM with respect to sodium chloride as the only source of drinking fluid. Parotid salivary flow rate decreased by up to 43% when the saline concentration of the drinking water was increased. There was an inverse relationship between saliva flow rate and the fluid intake, but much of the effect appeared to be due to ingestion of sodium chloride per se. Salt water ingestion caused an increase in the salivary concentration of sodium and phosphate; a decrease in that of potassium; and no change in that of chloride or osmolality. The rate of secretion of sodium varied directly with saliva flow rate. The outflow of water from the rumen to the omasum, or its net absorption across the rumen wall, were not influenced by treatment. In centrifuged rumen fluid samples saline ingestion caused increased levels of sodium, chloride and osmolality; decreased levels of potassium; and no change in calcium, magnesium or phosphate. Outflows of sodium and chloride to the omasum were increased. The apparent absorption of sodium and chloride from the rumen increased proportionately to the inflows of these ions via the saliva and drinking fluid. The additional sodium and chloride ions arising from the ingested saline were absorbed in approximately equal amounts. Saline drinking by sheep leads to a reduction in the rate of secretion of parotid saliva and its accompanying ions, which partially compensates for the added amount of fluid and electrolyte which enter the rumen in the drinking water.


We report the structural organization of a protein, streptavidin, specifically bound at aqueous surfaces to lipid monolayers functionalized by biotinylated head groups. X-ray and neutron reflectivity data with H[sub 2]O and D[sub 2]O as subphases are consistent with the formation of homogeneous monomolecular protein layers (thickness d[sub pr] [approx] 42 [+-] 2 [angstrom]) directly underneath the lipid. A new approach of analyzing all four data sets in terms of one general model reveals the dry volume of the protein, its average lateral density at the interface, and the amount of water interpenetrating the protein film. 24 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.


Objectives To describe the use of the scapular tip free flap (STFF) in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Academic medical center. Subjects and Methods A review of the electronic medical record was performed of all patients who underwent head and neck reconstructive surgery with STFFs from January 1, 2014, through January 1, 2016. Details regarding the disease, defect reconstructed, and surgical outcomes were quantified. Results Thirty-one consecutive cases were performed at our institution within the period reviewed. The procedures included reconstruction of 5 maxillectomy and 26 mandibulectomy defects. The mean length of mandible reconstructed was 6.8 cm (95% CI, 6.01-7.59; range, 4.0-10.2). Osteotomies were made to contour the scapular bone in 11 cases, including double osteotomies performed in 2 cases. The most common surgical complications were orocutaneous fistula and postoperative hematoma, which occurred in 3 (10%) and 2 (6.5%) of 31 patients, respectively. Conclusion This series describes a large number of STFFs performed in head and neck reconstruction. The average length of bony defect repair can be significantly larger than what was previously described. Performing osteotomies to the STFF allows for application to anterior mandibular defects. The STFF offers a large soft tissue component, a relatively long pedicle, and acceptable donor site morbidity. The STFF is a versatile reconstructive option that should be considered to address composite defects of the head and neck.


. Improving the efficiency of use of energy resources at large-capacity energy-consuming enterprises in the petrochemical industry in conditions of high internal and external competition is the priority for the development of the fuel and energy industry. This is confirmed by various legislative acts, including the energy strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035. This research focuses on a high-temperature section of dehydrogenation of isoamylenes into isoprene, the production of which relates (isoprene production relates to large petrochemical enterprises that consume a huge amount of energy resources) to large-capacity energy-consuming industries. To increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the research object, regenerative feedwater heating for heat recovery boilers is proposed due to deeper cooling of fuel and contact gas (the term "contact gas" is used in the technological regulations of an isoprene production company), which are secondary thermal energy resources in this technology. In accordance with the industry's technology regulations, a block diagram of the initial and improved high-temperature section with the indication of material flows (The term "material flow" refers to the type of substances that are used in the high-temperature dehydrogenation stage of isoamylenes) was developed. The balance equations of the section under consideration are provided, and the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency for systems utilizing fuel and contact gas are determined. The estimated economic effect was determined in physical terms; it was found to be 2008.58 toe/h. An exergy flow diagram is also provided to show how the system utilizes contact gas.


A state of thyroid-hormone deficiency occurs in patients with congenital hypothyroidism in their intrauterine life since the main cause is dysgenesis of the thyroid gland during the fetal period. It is well known that the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism is essential to prevent remarkable growth and development disorders, especially mental retardation, because of the enormous effects of thyroid hormone upon various fields of metabolism in the body. Most patients with congenital hypothyroidism, however, have merely some nonspecific clinical manifestations such as hypoactivity, poor feeding, prolonged jaundice, constipation, umbilical hernia, hypothermia, poor weight gain, hoarse cry and dry skin (1). These signs and symptoms are commonly observed in premature and full-term newborn infants so that only a few patients with congenital hypothyroidism were detected soon after birth. In this respect, worldwide mass-screening was started (2). Either Irie and Naruse (3), or Miyai and Oura (4) first introduced neonatal massscreening for congenital hypothyroidism in 1975 in Japan. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) for thyrotropin (TSH) or thyroxine (T4), or both, from dried filter paper blood have been performed together with other mass-screening for congenital metabolic diseases, by official aid, in the whole country since October 1979. A few


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the literature on corporate governance and sustainability integration in identifying the main rigidity, infirmity and gaps in the current literature, and also to mention future research paths.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review of existing international papers is used through quantitative and qualitative approach by selecting 27 articles published in Scopus.

Findings
The review suggests although integration of governance into sustainability is interpreted differently in a geographical area, vision, mission and leadership are the most significant drivers of sustainability framework dealing corporate governance. Despite the limitation which is related to the choice of number and type of keywords and journals, outcomes and the interpretation, generalization and application of results, sustainability frameworks suggest a number of avenues for investors, policy makers and future market scenario which will increase the efficiency of companies.

Research limitations/implications
This research uses limited number of reviews by the common features of Scopus search as previous studies. This review study reflects corporate governance to sustainability models and provides opportunities to researchers for a more in-depth investigation into the theoretical advancement and joint work of sustainability and corporate governance which better inform strategies and implementations of governmental structures.

Originality/value
This paper undertakes a significant thorough systematic review for sustainability integration with corporate governance literature. It gives a written work review and reference index from1995 to 2017, useful for both academics and professionals.


A zo dyes are widely used organic molecules that are generally recalcitrant to biodegradation, thus causing environmental pollution. In this study, the effect of various growth conditions like temperature, pH, dye concentration, aeration and presence/absence of co-substrate on decolourization of azo dye Red HE7B by Bacillus sp. Azo1 has been determined. Decolourization of the dye was achieved under static condition. Optimum decolourization of Red HE7B was observed at 30°C and 50 mg/l dye concentration, where more than 90% decolourization was achieved within three days of inoculation. Bacillus sp. Azo1 could decolourize the dye through a range of pH values from 6 to 9. Presence of co-substrate limited the decolourization with glucose being the most potential inhibitor. Identification of factors influencing decolourization will help in rapid removal of these pollutants from contaminated habitat.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specialized legal terms designating the parties to a lawsuit. Civil procedure has selected its terms differently, both from the old vocabulary of the Romanian language (e.g. pârât) and by using external means of enriching vocabulary, such as lexical borrowing (apelant, reclamant, recurent, creditor, etc.) or internal means, such as derivation (revizuent), conversion (intimat), and subsequently, in the jurisprudence, compounding. To these are added such syntagms as chemat în garanție, intervenient forțat, which are complex and indispensable terms in the denomination. All these terms form a stable denomination system, which has the merit of transparency and accessibility.


The authors propose the use of photochromic dyes as light activated switches to bind and release metal ions. This process, which can be driven by solar energy, can be used in environmental and industrial processes to remove metals from organic and aqueous solutions. Because the metals can be released from the ligands when irradiated with visible light, regeneration of the ligands and concentration of the metals may be easier than with conventional ion exchange resins. Thus, the process has the potential to be less expensive than currently used metal extraction techniques. In this paper, the authors report on their studies of the metal binding of spirogyran dyes and the hydrolytic stability of these dyes. They have prepared a number of spirogyrans and measured their binding constants for calcium and magnesium. They discuss the relationship of the structure of the dyes to their binding strengths. These studies are necessary towards determining the viability of this technique.


Nanometer Al2O3/3Y-TZP powders were prepared by coprecipitation process and the Al2O3/3Y-TZP ceramics were prepared by microwave sintering under relatively low temperature. The relative density, bending strength and fracture toughness of the Al2O3/3Y-TZP ceramic samples were studied. The results showed that the Al2O3/3Y-TZP powders exhibited fine and homogeneous near-spherical particles with the size of 40-60 nm. With increasing the sintering temperatures, all of the relative density, bending strength and fracture toughness of the ceramic samples increased firstly, reaching the maximum values of 99.1%, 1236 MPa and 10.89 MPa·m1/2 at 1250 °C respectively, and then decreased.


In the present study, recent progress in using microwave energy to enhance oxidative degradation of pollutants of poor biodegradability in industrial wastewaters is reviewed and evaluated, in order to assess the potential of microwave-induced oxidation as effective and viable remediation technique, alternative to conventional treatment procedures. Microwave radiation is actually emerging as an innovative technology, widely applied in various fields, as it offers many advantages for environmentally-friendlier processing. Microwave energy has already been employed in several environmental applications. In particular, the use of microwave technology to to overcome intrinsic drawbacks and improve oxidation/degradation methods for various wastes appears to be a challenging scientific area. Certainly, the oxidation efficiency is influenced by key operating factors including the microwave equipment and power level, irradiation time and temperature, oxidizing agent and catalyst loading, aeration, pH and initial pollutant concentration. In conclusion, microwave irradiation can contribute to enhancing the oxidation process, thus accelerating pollutant purification reactions, decreasing the consumption of chemicals and destroying microorganisms at low temperatures.


The three poetically renarrated accounts presented below arise from data collected as part of a qualitative exploration of therapists' experiences of disenfranchised grief in relation to the suicidal deaths of their clients. The first poem encapsulates the raw emotions experienced by one of the participants, Murray, in relation to his client's death. The second and third poems reflect upon the ways in which his experiences were subsequently silenced by his client's widow and by his broader personal and professional contexts. As will become quickly apparent, by revisiting and recasting the original narrative data through a poetic lens, a richer and more palpable means of understanding the impact of client suicide on therapists is offered than that provided by conventional narrative text.


This paper proposes an optimized sensorless control methodology to design semiactive controllers for vehicle vibration control. The semiactive suspension model including filtered feedback scheme and actuator dynamics is first investigated. Furthermore, to estimate the immeasurable states for feedback control, an observer considering practical applications is introduced, while the exponential convergence and the stability of the overall system are guaranteed. A direct fuzzy compensation scheme with genetic optimization is used to release the constraint requiring, in advance, the precise upper bound of system uncertainties in the control gain design. With the cosimulation approach, the multibody virtual prototype of a sedan with the proposed system is tested under various road conditions in a near real environment. The cosimulation data and results for a full-car semiactive suspension system are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.


Implanted oxygen ions have been shown to form donor states and to change the conductivity mode in large regions of p‐type single‐crystal silicon after a 2‐h 450 °C anneal. These donor states are annihilated by a brief high‐temperature anneal. With a conventional oxide mask, this phenomenon has been used for the selective formation of low carrier concentration p‐type regions dielectrically isolated from a p‐type substrate by the full isolation by porous oxidized silicon technique.


From the XVIII Century onwards there has been a conflict between the believer's and the critic's approach to Jesus. At the beginning of the XX Century, E. Troeltsch theorized the relationship between the historical and dogmatic method. The conflict between faith and history is not only damaging for both but it is also objectively impossible. Underlying the question about Jesus are the great questions which concern humanity: God, man, the meaning of history, the future, life and death. The historicism which separates these questions is not possible because the way in which it answers the great questions, depends on the depth of credibility which it assigns to some affirmations contained in the New Testament. Here we try to identify and untangle these questions in order to avoid any kind senseless criticism and or extreme fundamentalism. To carry this out three different kinds of Christology are needed: historical, philosophical and theological. By means of these, we will show not only the legitimacy of each one, but also the points on which they agree and disagree.


Objective
To explore the effect of Self-confidence Training on social anxiety and self-esteem of patients with social anxiety disorder.

Methods
80 patients with social anxiety disorder were randomly divided into the study group and the control group. The study group was given the Self-confidence Training twice a week for five weeks and the control group was not given any training. Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale and Self-Esteem Scale were used to evaluate the effect before the intervention and after the intervention for three months, six months.

Results
The social anxiety and self-esteem had significant differences between the two groups (F=20.422, P<0.001 ; F=11.239, P=0.001), they had a tendency to change over time (F=120.080, P<0.001; F=143.503, P<0.001), and the role of the time factor was different with two groups (F=18.777, P<0.001; F=24.864, P<0.001). Further pairwise comparisons revealed: The study group showed significant decrease in social anxiety((10.00±3.05) vs (13.42±2.76), (9.53±3.72) vs (13.21±2.48 )) and improvement in score of self-esteem((28.75±4.19) vs (24.27±3.84), (29.50±4.85) vs (24.15±3.55)) than control group on post-test and delayed-test (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Self-confidence Training can reduce social anxiety and improve self-esteem for patients with social anxiety disorder.

Key words:
Self-confidence Training; Social anxiety disorder; Self-esteem


Objective To investigate the drinking water quality and the status of water-borne disease in Danxia landformarea and to provide a scientific basis for protecting water sources, improving water quality, preventing and controlling water-borne diseases. Methods Ten monitoring sites in different altitude were selected from the representative water plants inRenhua county of Danxia landform. Data of water-borne disease were collected from the area of water quality monitoring. Thenthe drinking water quality and the epidemiological characteristics of water-borne diseases were analyzed; Correlations betweenthe two were analyzed at the same time. Results A total of 157 samples were detected. The qualified rates of total coliformgroup and turbidity were 31.21% and 60.51% respectively.Significant differences in the qualified rates of total coliformgroup, turbidity, total bacterial count were observed between different regions(P0.05). Significant negative correlations werefound between altitude and the qualified rate of p H(r =-0.830, P0.05) as well as the qualified rate of total bacterial count(r =- 0.740, P0.05). Water- borne diseases accorded with certain epidemiological characteristics, there was significantdifferences in the incidence of waterborne infectious diseases between different regions(P0.05),significant negativecorrelations were found between the qualified rate of total bacterial count and the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever(r =-0.670, P0.05)as well as the incidence of other infectious diarrhea(r =-0.684,P0.05). No significant association wasnoticed between chronic non communicable diseases and the water quality. Conclusion Compared with other geological areaor other Danxia landform areas, the drinking water quality in Renhua area possesses particular characteristics and rules.Though the water in Renhua area is not subjected to chemical pollution, the qualified rates of total coliform group is relativelylow. Management of water quality and construction of drinking water projects be strengthened to reduce the incidences of water-borne diseases,


This paper is focused on the performance of worm gears influenced by the position of the contact pattern. By decreasing in si ntact pattern area the lubricant film thickness between worm and worm wheel teeth will be decreased and lubricant temperature criterion for worm gears performance will be increased.In this experiment by designed tests, the effect of Contact Pattern Po Worm Wheel Teethon the Lubricant Temperature behavior had been investigated. By considering the performed studies on statisti results of the amount of percentage of contact area in every tooth of under experiment worm wheel, the cause of u temperature rise which leads to poor performance of transmit system had been surveyed. In continuance to increase the reliabi experiments results, the results compared with relations which are presented by some worm gears standa r ds.Text of the abstract limited to


that care in these matters is as important-is even more important-than the choice of a food; and that a practitioner who negiects them is doing only half his duty, and is, moreover, setting up obstacles in his own path, and unwittingly creating difficulties which more prudent conduct would avoid. I have ventured elsewhere' to formulate three simple rules for the hand-feeding of infants. These if carefully observed would, I am sure, make the rearing of bottle-fed infants a far easier matter than it often proves to be. I have no desire to claim any novelty for these rules, unless, indeed, it be new to bring simple reason and common sense to bear upon our task, taking account only of plain facts and leaving theoretical considerations on one side. The first rule is directed to the maintaining of the warmth of the surface and the avoidance of chills from exposure: 1. Take care that the infant is bathed as quickly as possible in hot water, and that his feet and legs are never allowed to get cold.


Abstract Norman Williams was my law school professor, mentor, and friend. I took every course he offered during my time in Vermont Law School and never missed a class. I served as his research assistant for my last two years of law school and I continue to seek his counsel and company now, in my first years of law practice. I developed, from the beginning of our friendship and retain to this day, a profound awe of Norman's capacity for learning and for teaching; I have always enjoyed his lessons, stories, and thoughts and it is my sincere hope these few paragraphs adequately convey to him, as well as to other readers of this publication, my gratitude and appreciation.


Infrared(IR)photo detectors based on InAs/GaSb type II superlattice have developed quickly in recent years. Many groups show great interest in InAs/GaSb superlattice detector for its superiors as high quantum efficient, high working temperature, high uniformity and low dark current densities. Inductively coupled plasma(ICP) etching of GaSb and InAs/ GaSb superlattices were performed using Cl2/Ar/CH4/H2. This paper introduceste inductively coupled plasma( ICP) etching of Inas/GaSb with SiO2 mask by the Cl2/Ar/CH4/H2 mixed-gas process. The effects of process parameters such as gas combination, ICP and RF power on the etch rate and quality of InAs/GaSb It is found that the ratio of Cl2 flow rate significantly affects the etch rate, due to the trade-off between physical and chemical component of etching. The etch rate of InAs/GaSb increases with the increase of percent of Cl2, there will InClx remains in the etching channel when the etching depth exceeded 2μm, which can stop the etching going on. This phenomenon can be eliminated by decrease the Cl2 ratio,to make sure the etching depth reach 6μm under a certain low etching rate. The surface morphology and SEM of the superlattice material after etching shows that dry etching morphology is better than wet etching.After the electrode is grown, the superlattice chip have a good diode characteristic curve.


In the context of a market economy, a direct intervention of that State is not possible, which is why leverage is used to facilitate the state influence on the economy. The purpose of the study will be based, mainly, on shaping the fiscal policies adopted in the European Union and Romania's alignment with it. The fiscal policy of the Member States of the European Union is an important point of the general policies at EU level. In order to achieve a climate of economic and financial stability, the fiscal sovereignty of the Member States needs to be aligned with the convergence criteria at European level. As tax revenues contribute significantly to the shape of the state budget, their change would have both positive and negative influences on the socio-economic situation in the country. . In order to understand the formation of the state budget, the research methodology will require a qualitative research. This will be done by highlighting the tax legislation applied at European level and by delimiting the main features of the tax system. The preliminary results of this study refer to the provision of a general framework on how to effectively manage the tax system by tax authorities, so that the fight against tax fraud, tax evasion can lead to economic and fiscal union. It was concluded that the main function of the European Union with regard to the tax system is different from that of national tax laws. It is intended to develop rules and principles that curb and limit the power of national systems, without providing alternative taxation models.


The dispersive behaviour and stability issues of time-harmonic waves propagating in an imperfectly bonded pre-stressed symmetric layered composite is considered. The bimaterial composite consists of incompressible isotropic elastic materials. The shear spring type resistance model employed to simulate the imperfect interface can accommodate the extreme cases of perfect bonding and a fully slipping interface. The dispersion relations for both extensional and flexural waves are obtained by formulating the corresponding incremental boundary value problems. The asymptotic behaviour at low and high wavenumber limits are discussed. The stability criteria are studied and neutral curves are plotted. Numerical results are given for Mooney-Rivlin and Varga materials. The effect of the imperfect interface is clearly evident in the numerical results.


In computing, the Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a networked structure of linked computers gadgets, technical and computerized equipment, things, creatures, or humans who have separate personalities and the ability to transmit information without the need for direct human or computer interaction. As per study, 50 billion items would be linked to the internet, with 35 billion being IoT devices and the other 15 billion being smartphones, tablets, smart objects, and the like. Technologies have had a significant effect on the learning experiences in current history. The Internet of Things (IoT) is greatly benefiting the field of information and communications technology as well as societal growth. With IoT, educational institutions may improve their students' learning experiences by offering more rich learning opportunities. The Internet of Things need expansion, which universities may be able to assist with. Scholars, researchers, and students play a critical role in advancing the research and development of Internet of Things systems, devices, apps, and activities, as well as in identifying new opportunities. On the other hand, the Internet of Things presents major challenges to higher education. As a consequence, this article also offers a point of view on the challenges of IoT in higher ed, which is discussed further below. The Internet of Things (IoT) has a significant impact on the way university's function & improves student education across a broad variety of disciplines and at all stages.


It is commonly believed that ITS can assist relieve urban transportation congestion. Traffic forecasting is the most important function of an ITS. An accurate and timely traffic flow forecasting tool is the goal of this project. Every factor that can affect traffic flow on the road, from accidents to rallies to road repairs, is included in the Traffic Environment. A motorist or passenger can make an informed decision if they have prior information that is close to accurate about all of the above and many more everyday life conditions that can affect traffic. The development of self-driving cars will also benefit from this research. In the previous couple decades, we've seen a shift toward big data approaches for transportation as traffic data has risen tremendously. For real-world applications, the available prediction algorithms all use some form of traffic flow model, although this model is inadequate. Using a traffic forecasting and estimation system can assist reduce traffic congestion and increase the capacity of roadways. Smart cities' traffic forecasts are detailed in detail, as well as the issues and constraints that these forecasting models confront. This will be the subject of our discussion in this essay. The multiparameter integration theory. Co integration theory is a novel modelling method that studies time series data and long-term equilibrium links between non stationary variables. Random errors in traffic patterns gathered over the same period of time show a strong correlation. If speed, density, and occupancy rate are all taken into account together, it is possible to improve short-term projections of traffic flow.


Room temperature contactless electroreflectance (CER) supported by photoluminescence (PL) has been proposed as a fast and nondestructive ex situ technique for testing the effect of atom clustering in quantum wells (QWs). The indium clustering in InGaAs∕GaAs QWs was achieved by increasing the growth temperature. It has been shown that this effect causes significant changes in the spectral response. While the line shape of the GaAs-related CER feature remains unaffected there appear broad resonances similar to those for naturally inhomogeneous ensemble of self-assembled quantum dots instead of sharp and intensive lines characteristic for QWs. Additionally, the PL signal exhibits a quantum-dot-like behavior as well, i.e., strongly broadened Gaussian-like peaks with linear excitation power dependence on their intensity and the occurrence of the state filling effect for high excitation.


I briefly mention a previous claim of room temperature superconductivity ( arXiv:0905.3524) in Ag-based oxide material and compare their results with the most recent claim of ambient temperature superconductivity in arXiv:1807.08572. In both cases, an electrical transition to low resistance state and diamagnetism are observed. Silver is a common ingredient in both claims. Does it mean that silver holds the key to RT superconductivity or, the missing field cool data (in both reports) hint of some other physical phenomenon than superconductivity.


With normal rates of N and P fertilizers,we treated two vegetable soybeans Zhongkemaodou 1 and cv. 121 with no potassium fertilizer( K0),120 kg·ha- 1K( K1) at seeding,120 kg·ha- 1K with additional foliar application of 30 kg·ha~(- 1)of K2SO_4( K2),and investigated the dynamic of potassium accumulation in leaves,petioles,stalks,pods and seeds within28-56 days after flowering respectively. The results showed that the potassium accumulation was characterized by K2 K1 K0 and seeds pods stalks. It was also found that the potassium accumulation declined with the reproductive processes in stems,leaves,petioles and pods,however potassium accumulation in seeds declined 28-42 days after flowering,but increased42-49 days and then slightly declined. The potassium accumulation in various parts of vegetable soybeans could be increased by K fertilization,and could be further increased by additional foliar K application.


Splashing process in the early stage of single drop impact on flat liquid film was simulated numerically by using coupled level set and volume of fluid method.Influence of impact velocity and film thickness on the crown shape and diameter was discussed,and the results indicated that the crown diameter could be increased by increasing impact velocity and reducing film thickness.CLSVOF method is suitable for the simulation of splashing process.


Summary Since Ac-globulin (factor V) is involved in the formation of prothrombin activator, its ability to complex with phospholipids was studied. Purified bovine Ac-globulin was complexed to asolectin, there being presumably a fixed number of binding sites on the phospholipid micelle for Ac-globulin. In contrast to the requirement for calcium ions in the formation of complexes between asolectin and autoprothrombin C, calcium ions were not required for complex formation between asolectin and Ac-globulin to occur ; in fact, the presence of calcium prevented complex formation occurring, the degree of inhibition being dependent on the calcium concentration. By treating isolated, pre-formed aso- lectin-Ac-globulin complexes with calcium chloride solutions, Ac-globulin could be recovered in a much higher state of purity and essentially free of asolectin. Complete activators were formed by first preparing the asolectin-calcium- autoprothrombin C complex and then reacting the complex with Ac-globulin. A small amount of this product was very effective as an activator of purified prothrombin without further addition of calcium or any other cofactor. If the autoprothrombin C preparation used to prepare the complex was free of traces of prothrombin, the complete activator was stable for several hours at room temperature. Stable preparations of the complete activator were centrifuged, resulting in the sedimentation of most of the activity. Experimental evidence also indicated that activator activity was highest when autoprothrombin C and Ac-globulin were complexed to the same phospholipid micelle, rather than when the two clotting factors were complexed to separate micelles. These data suggested that the in vivo prothrombin activator may be a sedimentable complex composed of a thromboplastic enzyme, calcium, Ac-globulin and phospholipid.


Structural inequalities persist in society, conferring systematic advantages to some people at the expense of others, for example, by giving them substantially more influence and opportunities. Using bibliometric data about authors of scientific publications, we identify two types of structural inequalities in scientific citations. First, female authors, who represent a minority of researchers, receive less recognition for their work (through citations) relative to male authors; second, authors affiliated with top-ranked institutions, who are also a minority, receive substantially more recognition compared to other authors. We present a model for the growth of directed citation networks and show that citations disparities arise from individual preferences to cite authors from the same group (homophily), highly cited or active authors (preferential attachment), as well as the size of the group and how frequently new authors join. We analyze the model and show that its predictions align well with real-world observations. Our theoretical and empirical analysis also suggests potential strategies to mitigate structural inequalities in science. In particular, we find that merely increasing the minority group size does little to narrow the disparities. Instead, reducing the homophily of each group, frequently adding new authors to a research field while providing them an accessible platform among existing, established authors, together with balanced group sizes can have the largest impact on reducing inequality. Our work highlights additional complexities of mitigating structural disparities stemming from asymmetric relations (e.g., directed citations) compared to symmetric relations (e.g., collaborations).


Abstract The deuterium-decoupled 100 MHz 1H-NMR spectra of 2,3-dideuteromethyloxirane and its polymer prepared with a lattice-disordered zinc dialkoxide were analyzed with consideration of the deuterium isotope effects on proton chemical shifts. The results of 1H- and l3C-NMR studies indicated that the initiator for methyloxirane polymerization catalyzed by the diethylzinc-alcohol system was a lattice-disordered zinc dialkoxide, from the aspect of stereoregularity of the polymers obtained.


The invention relates to a system that takes account of the existing climatic conditions in a local area in order to determine which commercial should be transmitted in said area. The climate conditions, such as temperature and rain, are measured and said measurements are used to select the commercial. In this way, for example, if the temperature is above a certain number of degrees, a commercial for cool drinks is transmitted and, if the temperature drops below a certain level, a commercial for hot drinks is transmitted. During periods of rain, commercials for rainwear and umbrellas, all-weather tyres or tropical tourist destinations are transmitted.


Arrays of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube bundles, SWCNTs, have been synthesized by simple alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition process, carried out at 800°C. The formed SWCNTs are organized in small groups perpendicularly aligned and attached to the substrate. These small bundles show a constant diameter of ca. 30nm and are formed by the adhesion of no more than twenty individual SWCNTs perfectly aligned along their length.


Objective:To compare the clinical effects of clavicular hook plate(clavicular hook plate,CHP) and the tension band(tension band,TB) in treatment of Tossy Ⅲ type acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods:Among 78 cases of patients with TossyⅢ type acromioclavicular joint dislocation,42 patients as observation group by using CHP treatment,36 patients as control group by using TB treatment,after 5 months,shoulder function and complications were conpared.Results:In the observation group and control group,there were significant differences in complications and excellent recovery of shoulder function(all P0.05).Conclusion:CHP has low trauma,obvious effects and few complications in treatment of TossyⅢ type acromioclavicular joint dislocation,it should be treated Tossy Ⅲ type acromioclavicular joint dislocation as the preferred method.


The purpose of this study was to assess illness severity and its relation to psychosocial factors in children with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD) and kidney diseases (KD), two chronic health conditions having received little empirical study in the pediatric psychology literature. A secondary goal was to assess families' use of physicians for psychosocial support. Participants included 64 caregiver–youth (youths aged 8–20 years) dyads. Children with diagnoses of PIDD or KD were placed into one of three illness severity groups (mild, moderate, severe) based on objective ratings and compared with a healthy comparison group. Results indicated that children with mild illness reported less adaptive coping, and their caregivers reported more maladaptive coping compared to the other groups. In addition, children in the mild severity group were reported to have higher levels of internalizing behavior problems. Physicians were being utilized at a high rate by all groups regarding families's concerns of psychosocial issues. These findings have a number of clinical implications, including the importance of intervention for children and their caregivers across illness severity levels and the need for adequate education for physicians regarding psychosocial issues.


A technique for the measurement of internal dynamic stresses is described and experimental results are presented. The method utilized an embedded piezoelectric crystal to obtain dynamic stress information interior to the body. A Hopkinson pressure bar arrangement was used to compare outputs of the embedded transducer with surface mounted strain gauges. The pulse shapes were found to be identical to those obtained from the strain gauges with stress amplitude accurately evaluated using a modified piezoelectric constant.


IF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BROUGHT UNPRECEDENTED SOCIAL dislocations and environmental devastation, the effects of what Kirkpatrick Sale now calls the second Industrial Revolution are the more subtle for being more pervasive. Rebels Against the Future joins a growing body of scholarship critical of the "high-tech" revolution in Western society generally and America specifically. This scholarship serves witness beyond the pale of academia to an emerging American subculture, with an attendant set of assumptions, that is variously dismissed by liberals as reactionary or praised as "radical and leading edge," as one of Sale's reviewers wrote. A contributing editor to The Nation, Sale writes his books on a typewriter, repudiating computers as does Wendell Berry. He is the author of several studies of Western imperialism, along with several more recent books about the environmental movement.' While distrust of technology continues to burgeon among Greens in the West, the present book explores an origin of that distrust in early nineteenth-century England and extracts a series of "lessons" to guide today's tribe of aspiring neo-Luddites. The uprising began in England in 1811 with the advent of steam looms that supplanted skilled laborers in the textile industry, particularly in the lace and stocking trades. One consequence was that children as young as four and five, along with women, "came to make up roughly four fifths of the textile labor force by 1833, a population both easier to exploit and cheaper to hire than adult men" (33). Mortality rates were high, and life expectancy rates were low. Employment levels rose and fell to match the changing fashion trends. Exceedingly harsh legal penalties attended these


Introduction: Lipsi 2000-2010: History and Storytelling 1. On the Island of Goddess Calypso 2. About Origins (A Story to be Continued) 3. Demons and Sancta 4. Hierophanies and Miracles 5. Fertility and Death 6. Ordinary Days and Talks 7. The Narrative Construction of the Community Postface: Reflections on Fieldwork


Fractal image compression has received much attention for its desirable properties like resolution independence, fast decoding and high compression ratio. Despite the advances made, the long computing times in the encoding phase still remain the main drawback of this technique. So far, several methods have been proposed in order to speed up fractal image coding. In this paper, some commonly used speed up algorithms are introduced briefly, and a new algorithm is put forward, which uses notation of feature difference based on the contraction characteristics of transformations in fractal image coding. The algorithm can be simply realized in corporation with many other speedup methods and efficiently exclude pseudo matched blocks in D R matching and searching process. Experimental result shows that the algorithm not only speedups the coding process but also greatly improves the quality of decoded image.


Outer space and exploring unknown worlds played an important role for Russian philosophers, scientists, writers and artists of the Soviet era and before, in the late 19th century, when flourished the Cosmism movement, which called for material immortality and travel to outer space. The article is an attempt to analyse the connection between contemporary narratives, Viktor Pelevin's novel Omon Ra (1991-1992) and Aleksei Fedorchenko's movie Pervye na lune ( First on the Moon , 2005) and soviet ideas of the cosmos (outer space, especially moon landing is one of the most important myths in Soviet culture).


Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of tensionfree hernioplasty and traditional hernioplasty. Methods Inguinal hernia cases in our hospital were divided into a control group and a treatment group randomly. The control group was given traditional hernioplasty and the treatment group was given tensionfree hernioplasty,then the two groups were compared with the surgical time, postoperative ambulation time,hospital time and complications. Results Compared with the control group,the above indicators of treatment group showed significant improvement(P 0.05)after treatment. Conclusion Tensionfree hernioplasty is relatively simple, quickly recovery,fewer complications,and it can be recommended clinical application.


All post-Soviet societies faced the challenge of constructing a new identity that is both national and democratic. Yet, not long after the Soviet demise, initial public optimism about the future of a new Russia was replaced with growing concerns about corruption, crime, economic uncertainty, and the absence of a unifying national identity. In an attempt to address the latter issue Boris Yeltsin, after his reelection in 1996, set up a committee to produce a new "national idea" that would define the Russian essence and inspire its people. At the time of this writing, the committee is still searching. A book entitled The Agony of the Russian Idea should have something worthwhile to say to the Yeltsin committee and to scholars interested in the historical development of Russian national identity. Both groups may be disappointed. The committee will find a very pessimistic interpretation of both the historical path that has produced the various elements comprising the "Russian idea" and what the future holds for contemporary Russians. Scholars will find that, while the author realizes there are two ways to deal with a historical presentation of the Russian idea, he adopts the one that promotes an argument rather than a careful analysis. Early on McDaniel notes that the Russian idea may reflect that which is seen to be distinctive about Russian culture and institutions or it may represent an ideal model of society based on whatever elements the writer believes are the predominant elements of the culture. This is not a traditional intellectual history but McDaniel's interpretation of work produced by Russian intellectuals, who in many cases have presented an idealized version of the principles inherent to Russian life, culture, and institutions. This does not mean that scholars should dismiss the book as irrelevant, but they should realize what it does and does not do. It is a good example of how the evaluation of any study of Russian national identity has been changed by the fall of restrictive communism. Today, we are able to examine both statements of what beliefs are prevalent among Russians and their idealized hopes for tomorrow by using surveys to probe these questions directly. Such evidence can then be compared with the statements of those who write about contemporary history. McDaniel's argument is most convincing when he focuses on earlier periods of Russian history, because we have no readily available corroborating evidence against which to test his statements. But when historians stray into contemporary times, their interpretations and outright claims for reality are open to challenge, now even in Russian. Thus, the standards for scholarship are raised and moved from the realm of pure opinion or journalism to the realm of science, with its demands for validity and replication. The "Russian idea," McDaniel tells us, reflects "the conviction that Russia has its own independent, self-sufficient, and eminently worthy cultural and historical tradition that both sets it apart from the West and guarantees its future flourishing" (p. 11). He goes on to say that all the Russian thinkers who address the idea posit a higher form of modernity for Russia. Various principles and values of Russian culture are presented as the unique elements of the Russian idea. These are readily identifiable in the writings of the intellectuals cited by McDaniel, and chapter 1 is devoted to cataloging the positive and negative elements that comprise the Russian idea. McDaniel presents three "negations" that contradict the presumed uniqueness of the Russian idea as well as introduce the negative aspects of presumed Russian identity. The contradictions involve the realization that the Russian idea is not uniquely Russian but partly dependent on a reaction to the West, and there is not one Russian idea but competing visions of what was dominant in Russian culture during the nineteenth century as well as today. According to social psychological and anthropoligal theories of identity, all social and national identities have an "us" versus "them" quality. For the Russians, the West and its stereotypical features (capitalism, materialism, individualism, legalistism, rationalism, and immorality) epitomized "them." Within the "four affirmations," McDaniel presents Russian identity or the image of "us" as based on ultimate goals or values: a higher moral order; nonrationality; a preference for communal interpersonal relations, such as occur in the peasant communes, as opposed to legal and formal interactions; an emphasis on equality; nonmaterialistic values; and a penchant for a paternalistic state. Such is the picture of traditional Russian culture as portrayed by the Slavophile intellectuals. Having laid out the content of the Russian idea, McDaniel goes on in later chapters to argue that the end of tsarist and communist Russia occurred because of the contradiction inherent in a state that promoted modernization while trying to maintain the traditional Russian idea. Communism was doomed to fail because "instead of the old values of selflessness, modesty and compassion, Soviet Communism had ushered in a stage of crass Americanization of values. Young people especially seemed to be absorbed with technology, athletics, and practical results; they had no time for the moral dilemmas explored by classical Russian culture" (p. 92). Today, according to McDaniel (chap. 5), the Yeltsin government is also sowing the seeds of potential future collapse because reforms are based only on economics, thereby ignoring the spirituality of the Russian idea. In order to succeed, current reforms must provide a bridge to a past Russian identity by promoting the ideals of equality, moral virtue, community, and the responsibility of government for social welfare. While I agree that post-Soviet reformers might be well advised to work toward those goals, one could hardly argue that these are uniquely Russian. All governments are well advised to pursue such goals. In short, this book does not provide the answer for the committee seeking a new Russian idea. That committee should be told, however, that identities arise out of long-term shared experience, not committee deliberations. Certain aspects of the traditional Russian identity discussed by McDaniel can be found among the attitudes of contemporary Russians (particularly concerns about inequality), but the book is replete with statements that would have been well informed by a familiarity with current survey research. Perhaps the most egregious misstatement in the book is the following: "Communism is now widely regarded as a German plot, or the evil work of non-Russian nationalities, particularly Jews and Georgians, who imposed these non-Russian ideas upon the innocent Russian people" (p. 53). No doubt one can find some Russians who express this view, but to claim that this is a "widely" held belief is simply inaccurate. The reformed Communist Party is the single strongest party in Russia today, and slightly more than 60% of Russians still think of themselves as Soviets, so there is little evidence that the former regime is regarded as a hated foreign plot. Given the ideas expressed in this book, it should provide excellent grist for the critical thinking of any graduate seminar examining the concept of identity.