Objective To observe the structure of the intervening and surrounding tissue at the hypertrophic nonunion site,to assess the potential of bone formation.Methods Tissue from the nonunion site and its surroundings was extracted from 25 patients with hypertrophic nonunion.Tissue structure and microscopic characteristics of these regions were investigated by optical microscope,transmission electron microscopy.Expression of BMP-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The positive cells were observed,counted and analyzed statistically.Results The area of hypertrophic nonunion ends displayed different non-uniform histological features.The center area mainly displayed fibrotic tissue which contained a large number of fibroblast-like cells;the marginal area contained masses of chondrocytes without neovascularization;the scar area contained a certain amount of osteoblasts with rich neovascularization.The results of immunohistochemistry showed the expression of BMP-2 was more intense in the callus area than in the center area or in the marginal area(P0.05).Conclusion Different area of hypertrophic nonunion ends displays different histological features and cytological characteristics.The decreasing of BMP-2 in the nonunion ends results in different potential of bone formation.


Using the Internet as a foundation for wireless networking, there is currently a great deal of interest in providing IP networking support for mobile hosts. As a result of IP's reliance on the entire Internet address for host identiication, most proposals depend on a default route through the mobile host's home address, which makes for unnecessarily long routes. This paper introduces two concepts, \local region" and \patron service", based on the locality features of host moving and calling patterns. It then shows how these concepts work together to realize a uniied framework for achieving optimal routing for most traac whilst restricting the number of location updates. The proposed scheme was implemented using a network simulator and evaluated from routing eeectiveness point of view, as compared with its location overhead.


Multi-fingered robotic hands can potentially offer a higher degree of dexterity for grasping a variety of parts than a traditional parallel gripper or a custom end of arm tool. However, real-time grasp planning for complex robotic hands is a challenging task. In this paper, we present real-time grasping planning algorithms that utilize two simple yet effective dimension reduction strategies. The first strategy is the "intersected volume" computation which places the robotic palm relative to the object as well as its environment. The second strategy is the "finger curling planes" which decomposes a grasp contact computation problem in high-dimensional configuration space into several independent grasp contact computation problems in low-dimensional configuration space. Our algorithms have been demonstrated with simulation, physical experiments, and robotic bin-picking and kitting applications on two robotic platforms with three different robotic hands.


Introduction: It is necessary to illuminate the effects of surface structures on reflectance spectra for a detailed study of planetary surfaces and the relevant works, e.g. asteroid-meteorite connection. It was shown in previous laboratory investigations that a surface prepared by "sifting" the sample powders has lower visible reflectance spectra than a "packed" surface[1], "porous" powdery surfaces are darker than compact surfaces[2], and macroscopic roughness of a surface due to a crater-shape depression reduces the reflectance[3]. For the purpose of a quantitative investigation on the relationship between surface structures and reflectance, powdery surfaces of three different conditions were prepared and their surface roughness was represented by the mean slope angle of the small facets on the surfaces [4]. The fluffy surface ("fluffy") was made by sieving the powders over a sample tray. The surface with intermediate porosity and roughness was made from the fluffy one by the tray being vertically knocked against a horizontal plane ("knocked"). The smoothest surface were made by the surface being compacted tightly ("compacted"). Bidirectional reflectance measurements of these surfaces at 633nm wavelength confirmed the previous tendency of roughness effect on the reflectance. Visible reflectance spectroscopy was performed for the "fluffy" and the "compacted" surfaces of olivine and meteorite powders[5]. Here we add our new results on intermediate ("knocked") surfaces of these materials and summarize the relationship between the reflectance and the surface roughness.


Aiming for the condition monitoring of the Buck-Boost converter, a degradation parameter identification method based on digital twin concept is studied, which can monitor the degradation of key components such as capacitors and MOSFETs in real time. The main idea of the method is to establish a real-time digital mirror model of the Buck-Boost converter, and achieve the virtual mapping of physical entities through the interaction between the mechanism model and real-time data. Then, the capacitance, inductance, capacitance parasitic resistance and MOSFET on-state resistance in the converter are estimated by the sampling data of physical entities based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), and the method is verified under various working conditions. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method, and the degradation failure prediction model is proposed for fault prediction. The method requires no additional hardware circuits and calibration requirements.


This article takes initial steps in evaluating contending models of EU governance. We argue that the sovereignty of individual states is diluted in the European arena by collective decision-making and by supranational institutions. In addition, European states are losing their grip on the mediation of domestic interest representation in international relations. We make this argument along two tracks. First, we analyse the conditions under which central state executives may lose their grip on power. Next, we divide up the policy process into stages and specify which institutional rules may induce various actors to deepen EU policy-making. * We would like to thank Simon Bulmer, Jim Caporaso, Stephen George, John Keeler, Peter Lange, Andrea Lenschow, Christian Lequesne, Mark Pollack, Michael Shackleton, and Helen Wallace for their useful criticisms, comments and suggestions. We are indebted to Ivan Llamazares and Leonard Ray for research assistance. 0 Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1996,108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 IJF, UK and 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 342 GARY MARKS, LIESBET HOOGHE AND KERMIT BLANK


Trigeminal neuralgia is a sudden, severe, stabbing, recurrent and usually unilateral pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve. A 55 years old man, diagnosed case of Trigeminal Neuralgia of the left side of the face was treated with oral carbamazepine with good response. But after that the disease became refractory to the drug. With the titration of dose of carbamazepine, raising up to 1200 mg daily in three equal divided doses added with amitryptylene, we could give relief of pain to patient. The patient is now under observation & we are following him for last 6 months with a good response of the combination drug. It justifies that alteration, titration of carbamazepine and combination with amitryptylene can cause remission of trigeminal neuralgia instead of doing surgical intervention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21319 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 66-68


this paper introduces the design and implementation of keyboard interface based on single-chip microcomputer. Results in real application show that the circuits for keyboard interface are simple, the processing program runs reliably and stably, and it is worth popularizing.


Achilles and Agamemnon's legendary dispute in Book One of The Iliad is the di rect cause of one of the biggest problems for the Achaeans throughout the work, namely, that of Achilles withdrawing from battle. The question of what Aristotle would have to say about this dispute will be the subject of this essay. First, we will define what Aristotle means by justice by looking at Book Five of Nicomachean Ethics and discuss why Aristotelian justice is deeply relevant to the dispute in Book One of The Iliad. We will see how the conflict between Lord of Men Agamemnon and brilliant Achilles has it source in different ideas on what source distributive justice should be drawn from. Then we will see how their conflict escalates into how rectificatory justice must be executed. Finally, we will conclude by seeing how Achilles would be, according to Aristotle,the more just of the two, but ultimately they are both unjust. Aristotle writes that justice "is the complete exercise of complete virtue" (1129b31) and defines justice as "virtue in relation to another" (1129b28). Because a human being must necessarily come into contact with other people it is easy to discern that justice is crucial among the virtues and therefore very important in Aristotle's ac count.


Argonne National Laboratory is carrying out a research program to create, prepare, and evaluate catalysts to promote Fischer-Tropsch (FT) chemistry--specifically, the reaction of hydrogen with carbon monoxide to form long-chain hydrocarbons. In addition to needing high activity, it is desirable that the catalysts have high selectivity and stability with respect to both mechanical strength and aging properties. It is desired that selectivity be directed toward producing diesel fraction components and avoiding excess yields of both light hydrocarbons and heavy waxes. The goal is to produce shape-selective catalysts that have the potential to limit the formation of longchain products and yet retain the active metal sites in a protected 'cage'. This cage also restricts their loss by attrition during use in slurry-bed reactors. The first stage of this program was to prepare and evaluate iron-containing particulate catalysts. This activity report centers upon this first stage of experimentation with particulate FT catalysts. (For reference, a second experimental stage is under way to prepare and evaluate active FT catalysts formed by atomic-layer deposition [ALD] of active components on supported membranes.) To date, experimentation has centered upon the evaluation of a sample of iron-based, spray-dried catalyst prepared by B.H. Davis of the Center ofmore » Applied Energy Research (CAER) and samples of his catalyst onto which inorganic 'shells' were deposited. The reference CAER catalyst contained a high level of dispersed fine particles, a portion of which was removed by differential settling. Reaction conditions have been established using a FT laboratory unit such that reasonable levels of CO conversion can be achieved, where therefore a valid catalyst comparison can be made. A wide range of catalytic activities was observed with SiO{sub 2}-coated FT catalysts. Two techniques were used for SiO{sub 2}coating. The first involved a caustic precipitation of SiO{sub 2} from an organo-silicate onto the CAER catalyst. The second was the acidic precipitation of an organo-silicate with aging to form fractal particles that were then deposited onto the CAER catalyst. Several resulting FT catalysts were as active as the coarse catalyst on which they were prepared. The most active ones were those with the least amount of coating, namely about 2.2 wt% SiO{sub 2}. In the case of the latter acid technique, the use of HCl and HNO{sub 3} was much more effective than that of H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe and analyze as-received and treated FT catalysts. It was observed that (1) spherical particles of CAER FT catalyst were made up of agglomerates of particles that were, in turn, also agglomerates; (2) the spray drying process of CAER apparently concentrated the Si precursor at the surface during drying; (3) while SEM pointed out broad differences in the appearance of the prepared catalyst particles, there was little indication that the catalysts were being uniformly coated with a cage-like protective surface, with perhaps the exception of HNO{sub 3}-precipitated catalyst; and (4) there was only a limited penetration of carbon (i.e., CO) into the FT catalyst during the conditioning and FT reaction steps.« less


Deletion of the terminal part of long arm of chromosome 4 is a condition characterized by facial dysmorphisms, cardiac and limb defects, and developmental delay. Deletions usually involve the terminal part of the chromosome and most frequently are interstitial. Here, we report a de novo interstitial deletion resulting in a microdeletion of 6.9 Mb involving 4q31.3‐q32.1 segment, detected by SNPs‐Array technique in a 4‐year‐old female showing severe speech delay, mild facial dysmorphisms, and joint laxity. Phenotype–genotype relationships looking at the genes involved in this part of the chromosome were also carried out and data compared with those previously described. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This work presents a study on laminar free convection within a square cavity filled with a fluid saturated porous medium. Macroscopic flow equations are obtained by volume-averaging local instantaneous continuity and momentum equations. The so-called "two-energy equation model" is used, in which distinct macroscopic equations are applied to the working fluid and the solid material. Transport equations are discretized using the control-volume method and the system of algebraic equations is relaxed via the SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations) algorithm. The effect of Ram on Nuw correctly predicted the enhancement of passive heat transfer across the cavity for increasing Ram. Increasing ks/kf enhances the conduction transport through the solid material and, consequently, dampens the overall Nusselt number, defined here as the ratio between conduction and convection mechanisms over conduction transport only. Further, results indicate that by increasing the void space within the porous material the overall Nusselt number is reduced rather than increased. Individual contributions to the average Nusselt number indicate that, although convection is enhanced with increasing porosity, the reduction of conduction heat transfer through the solid material is the controlling mechanics for Nuw as porosity increases. The results herein might contribute to design and optimization of passive heat transfer systems.


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Pseudopodia proteins can be isolated and analyzed.Cells often extend pseudopodia to migrate, but it has been difficult to characterize this process biochemically because intact pseudopodia could not be isolated from cell bodies. Now, on

[page 725][2], Cho and Klemke


A method for determining a proportion of fuel in an engine oil of a motor vehicle, - in which the engine oil is placed between at least two capacitor-forming electrodes (5, 13), - in which the capacitance of the capacitor is determined while the engine oil between the electrodes (5, 13), and - it is determined in from the capacitance of the capacitor of the proportion of fuel in the engine oil.


In this study, a combined approach of discrete wavelet transform analysis and a feed forward neural networks algorithm to detect and classify transmission line faults. The proposed algorithm uses a multi -resolution analysis decoposition of three-phasecurrents only to calculate the wavelet energy moment of detailed coefficients. In comparison with the energy spectrum, the energy moment could reveal the energy distribution features better, which is beneficial when extracting signal features. Theapproach use particle swarm optimization algorithm to train a feed forward neural network. The goal is the enhancement of the convergence rate, learning process and fill up the gap of local minimum point.The purposed scheme consists of two FNNs, one for detecting and another for classifying all the ten types of faults using Matlab/Simulink. The proposed algorithm have been extensively tested on a system 400 kV, 3 phases, 100 km line consideringvarious fault parameter variations.


In most magnetic molecular clusters studied so far, localized moments of metal ions are coupled bysuperexchange interactions via ligand atoms to yield the total moment of the cluster, which is basicallya piece of a magnetic insulator. Here we present an experimental and theoretical study of another formof molecular magnetism, arising from unfilled molecular orbitals delocalized over the entire metal coresof molecular metal clusters. These cores thus act as nanosize quantum dots, in which the metal valenceelectrons are confined. [S0031-9007(98)07157-9]


1. The urinary excretion of pinacidil and its N-oxide in man was found to vary over a five-fold range. 2. Studies in individuals with inherited deficiencies for C-hydroxylation (debrisoquine type) and trimethylamine N-oxidation showed that the N-oxidation of pinacidil did not co-segregate with these oxidative polymorphisms. 3. It is concluded that the variable N-oxidation of pinacidil is most likely to be due to variations in the activity of the P-450 isozymes rather than in the microsomal flavoprotein containing mixed-function amine oxidase of Ziegler which is considered to be responsible for the N-oxidation of trimethylamine.


Nordic walking may improve mobility in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects persist after the training period. We included 19 PD patients [14 men; mean age 67.0 years (range 58–76); Hoehn and Yahr stage range 1–3] who received a 6‐week Nordic walking exercise program. Outcome was assessed prior to training (T1), immediately after the training period (T2) and—in a subgroup of 9 patients—5 months after training (T3). At T2, we observed a significant improvement in timed 10‐m walking, the timed get‐up‐and‐go‐test (TUG), the 6‐min walking test and quality of life (PDQ‐39). All treatment effects persisted at T3. Compliance was excellent, and there were no adverse effects. These preliminary findings suggest that Nordic walking could provide a safe, effective, and enjoyable way to reduce physical inactivity in PD and to improve the quality of life. A large randomized clinical trial now appears justified. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society


Back ground Perianal fistula is an abnormal communication between the anal canal and the outer perineal skin. It is a disease of young adults, being more common in males. MRI is a noninvasive, well-tolerated imaging modality with high resolution of the soft tissues. It is considered the imaging modality of choice for the initial evaluation and follow-up of perianal fistulas as it is more tolerated and less embarrassing for the patient than other imaging techniques. Objectives To compare MR sequences fat-suppressed (FS) T2-weighted imaging and Liver Acquisition with Volume Acceleration (LAVA) for better visualization and assessment of the perianal fistulas and sphincters. Patients and methods This was a retrospective study done in the period between January 2018 and January 2020 on 100 patients. The patients' age ranged from 15 to 67 years, with a mean age of 35.45 ± 12.35 years. All patients had previously undergone MRI pelvis with intravenous contrast. We considered the operative results as the reference standard. Results This study included 36 (36.0%) females and 64 (64.0%) males. LAVA sequence was better than T2 FS MRI sequence for the detection of the internal opening of the fistulous tract as well as secondary fistulous tracts with perfect interobserver agreement (P < 0.001). Both LAVA and T2 FS MRI sequences have the same significance for the detection of the abscesses, horseshoe, and supralevator extension of the fistula, with perfect interobserver agreement between both observers and between them and surgery. Conclusion Adding LAVA sequence to the protocol of MRI in the evaluation of perianal fistula helps to give better details as compared with T2 FS sequence as regarding the internal opening and the secondary tracts of the fistulous tract, but they have the same results regarding the sensitivity to detect abscesses, horseshoe, and supralevator extension of the perianal fistula.


Presbyterians established many churches during the West's imperialist expansion in various parts of Asia from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth century. Presbyterian missionaries founded churches in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Key missionaries, as well as national workers, participated in establishing and leading those churches. This chapter narrates and highlights significant historical events in this early development country by country, paying special attention to Korea, where Presbyterianism has flourished most in Asia. The chapter discusses the state of Presbyterian churches in those areas in general, their involvement with social, political, educational, and charitable activities, and the problems with which they have dealt. It concludes by analyzing the contextual challenges Presbyterians are facing in twenty-first-century Asia.


The language is used to communicate each other. In the first time, people know mother tongue and national language as the first of their language, and then people try to learn and study an English Language as the second language in our life. People use English as an International Language to communicate each other in the world.
The analysis of the research is to find out type of gambit and to find out of function of gambit in "The Different style Phenomenon in Theaching" English drama contest text.
This research is qualitatif research because does no use research data such as numbers, but is uses "The Different Style Phenomenon in Teaching" English Drama Contest as the object of the research. The research objective is the analysis Englis drama contest text in Drama subject in fivth semester.
The result of the research shows in "The Different Style Phenomenon in Teaching" English drama script it is has types they are expression of Opening gambit are (30), expression of Linking gambit are (7) and expression of Responding gambit is (8).
Therefore, the writer suggests for the teacher and the further researchers. The suggestion for the teacher: Teacher can use gambit as the one additional material to classify the effect of utterances to be the subject of lecturing in which their students need to use the target language as the subject material in lecturing. Student can use English drama script to enrich their knowledge about expression and the effect of expression. The next researcher can use the gambit as daily language to easier in speaking skill.


The primary objective of this project was to determine the extent of chorioretinal damage caused by exposure to very-high-altitude, high-yield nuclear detonations at distances of 50 to 350 nautical miles from burst point and to relate experimental data to theoretical calculations. A correlated objective was to estimate, from the data derived from these experiments, distance limits beyond which retinal burns were not expected to occur from nuclear detonations at these altitudes. From these data, it is concluded that all retinal burns occurring within 160 nautical miles would produce a permanent scotoma in the human. Macular involvement especially would reduce visual acuity to a critical level.


If you really want to be smarter, reading can be one of the lots ways to evoke and realize. Many people who like reading will have more knowledge and experiences. Reading can be a way to gain information from economics, politics, science, fiction, literature, religion, and many others. As one of the part of book categories, from bad faith to good news reflections on good friday and easter always becomes the most wanted book. Many people are absolutely searching for this book. It means that many love to read this kind of book.


We analyze choices of sellers, each setting a reserve price in a laboratory first price auction with automated equilibrium bidding. Subjects are allowed to gain experience for a fixed period of time prior to making a single payoff-relevant choice. Behavior of more experienced sellers was consistent with benchmark theory: average reserve price for these sellers was independent of the number of bidders and equaled the predicted level. Less experienced sellers however deviated from the theoretical benchmark: on average, they tended to shade reserve price below the predicted level and positively relate it to the number of bidders.


In recent years,the development of higher vocational education is at its new stage with the expansion of the scale of running school and the increase in professional numbers.So the connotation construction in vocational colleges should be enhanced as it is the soul of sustainable development project to improve the educational level.This construction should insist on employment orientation,orientate the area economy and society service,strengthen the cooperation with enterprises and improve the mode of running school.


This essay focus on the efficiency about cam follower systems transfered to dynamic model with single degree of freedom by setting up a motion equation to derive different damping ratio's residual vibration and displacement response corresponding.Then we can conclude the efficiency about period ratio and damping ratio to residual vibration.


We study the modulations of the superconducting order parameter in the vicinity of edges, magnetic and non-magnetic impurities by self-consistently solving the gap equations of a system with competing interactions in the Cooper channel. It is shown that the presence or absence of Friedel-like oscillations of the superconducting order parameter crucially depends on its symmetry and can, hence, be used to obtain information about the symmetry properties of the condensate. Furthermore, the appearance of competing order parameters at inhomogeneities is discussed. We show that this can lead to the presence of a topologically trivial region close to the boundary of a system that is topologically nontrivial in its bulk. The resulting shift in position of the Majorana bound states is demonstrated to significantly affect its signatures in Josephson-junction experiments. We discuss Josephson scanning tunneling microscopy as a probe to resolve the Friedel-like oscillations as well as the spatial texture of competing s-wave superconductivity and Majorana bound states in the vicinity of the edge of the system.


Subway system including light-rail transit system is the representative public urban transportation. Accordingly, Nothing is more important than the safety operation as well as passengers' convenience. Due to the fire disaster of Daegu subway on 2003, more strict regulations of detecting fire and of conducting on emergency circumstances. However, regardless of this improved management, it was reported that installations of lots of fire-detection facilities may be harm than good to operate subway system due to frequent malfunction of some fire-detection facilities. It may cause mis-alarm for fire and induces abnormal operation of subway due to the strict regulation; the train shall be stopped on emergency circumstances. Therefore, in this paper, new scheme on surveiling breaking-out-of fire in the station is suggested with new IT technologies, Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) and CCTVs.which were integrated with an intelligent software. This intelligent system enables to surveil breaking-out-of fire in real time through sensor network technology and watch the emergency site on CCTV as well. Through this system, subway organizers could cope with the emergency circumstance rapidly as well as judge precisely whether fire breaks out or not.


The authors describe a patient who presented with previously undescribed continuous non-rhythmic cycloversions. Further evaluation revealed a pulmonary malignancy, raising the possibility that this eye movement disorder is a manifestation of a paraneoplastic neuroophthalmologic syndrome. Possible mechanisms for the eye movement disorder, especially for involvement of the mesencephalon, are reviewed.


The Gauss Bonnet theorem links differential geometry with topology. The following expository piece presents a proof of this theorem, building up all of the necessary topological tools. Important applications of this theorem are discussed.


Container terminals are important nodes in the worldwide supply chain. The planning of the daily operations of a container terminal is a complex task and sub optimal decisions can be made due to interconnected sub processes, interrelated decisions, time and uncertainty. If suboptimal planning decisions are made in the planning, consequences will occur during the operation, which cause a decrease in performance. The perfor-mance of a terminal is measured in average Quay Crane (QC) performance. The QC performance determines the turnaround time of vessels. A delay in the turnaround time can cause huge financial loses and a decrease in the reliability of the service a terminal offers. To overcome sub optimal planning decisions, a simulated execution of a planning can be used. If suboptimal planning decisions are made, the consequences will occur during the simulated execution. By analysing the results of the simulation these consequences can be recognised, and thereby the suboptimal decisions can be identified. These decisions should be revised to prevent recurrence of the consequences in the real operation. This can only be done after the planning is finished and before the operation commences, 2-3 hours before the operation. If used not more than 2 Hours are left in the planning process to simulate the planning, analyse the results and revise planning decisions. A simulation takes 15 minutes, including overhead time and performing 3 iterations leaves only around 10 minutes to analyse and 10 minutes to revise decisions. The problem is the lack of a method to use the results of the simulation in such a short time frame. The aim of this thesis is to develop a method that makes it for a planner possible to identify the consequences, define a suitable revision and implement it in the short amount of available time before the operation commences. The research question is stated as follows: How can simulation be used to improve the operational planning of a container terminal before the real execution? The method chosen to solve this problem is a decision tree, which can reveal patterns, identify an assignable cause and define a suitable solution. The developed decision trees are able to reveal the consequences in the results of a simulated execution by checking statistics of the simulated execution with thresholds. A sequence of checks can lead to 3 types of decisions: i. A revision of a planning decision is proposed if the QC performance is lower than desired, the cause could be identified and a solution is available. ii. The tree proposes to lower the planned performance, if the planned performance could not be reached, but no cause was identified or no solution is available. iii. Do nothing is proposed if the desired QC performance is reached, in this case there is no need to make adjustments. To develop this decision tree seven steps are performed; 1. Analysis of the operation and planning, 2. Define the solution space, 3. Perform a root cause analysis, 4. Connect the causes with solutions, 5. Develop the decision trees, 6. Set the thresholds, 7. Evaluate the decision trees. The developed decision tree is evaluated by a case study and expert opinion interviews. In the case study two planning datasets are improved by the use of the decision trees, one reached an increase in QC performance of 1.1 containers/hour and the second of 2 containers/hour. The experts indicated that if the method would be developed further it has the potential to solve the problem. The main conclusions are: - By the analysing the results of a simulated execution of planning decisions with a decision tree, revi-sions of suboptimal planning decisions can be defined - After automation of the decision tree the analysis can be done within 1 minute - The seven steps led to a decision tree that proposed effective solutions during the case study - When the recommendations are processed the decision tree has together with Plan Validation the potential to support a planner to improve their planning and on the longer term planners might be-come more skilled in planning and strategically improvements can be identified From both the case study as from the expert opinion recommendations followed for further research. The main recommendations can be formulated as follows: - The decision trees developed in this research require improvements before implementation is possible - The decision tree should be automated - How the solutions are presented to the planner should be developed (the interface and visualisation) - Plan Validation in combination with the decision tree should be tested in further case studies, by checking it with real planners and by using it on a real terminal


The three major components of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) — insurance reform, Medicaid expansions, and the establishment of health insurance exchanges — are primarily the states' responsibilities to implement; together they impose a daunting workload. Because insurance exchanges must be wholly created in a very short time period, their implementation presents unique challenges. Additionally, the requirements for interconnected, automated systems to determine Medicaid and subsidy eligibility, pose major challenges. Tight deadlines, severely strained budgets, and human resources shortages further complicate implementation in nearly every state.


Group characteristics of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in the Helan Mountains during rutting season (November-December, 2003 and 2004) were studied by direct observation. We observed 2 473 blue sheep in 715 groups. We made 242 observations of copulation. Male blue sheep were classified into four age classes: classⅠ (2.5-3.5 yr), class Ⅱ (4.5-5.5 yr), class Ⅲ (6.5-8.5 yr) and class Ⅳ (≥ 8.5 yr) when possible. Mean group size was 3.5±2.8 during pre-rut period (November), and 3.4±3.2 during the rut (December). Group sizes of male, female, male-female, mixed, and mother-young groups did not differ(P 0.05) between the pre-rut and rut time periods. Percentages in male-female, mixed, and solitary groups increased(P0.01)from pre-rut to rut periods, while percentages in male, female, and mother-young groups decreased significantly(P 0.01).The proportion of male blue sheep of each age class in male groups, male-female groups, mixed groups and solitary groups was significantly different(P 0.01). All four age classes of males tended to join in mixed groups.


Antibiotic resistant pathogens is the an urgent challenge of the medicine field. To counter these pathogens, the antibiotic assisting drugs is an ideal choice. Assisting drugs can improve the efficiency of the treatment without further induce of antibiotic resistance. Amlodipine (AML) is one of the most common generic cardiovascular drug for lowering blood pressure. In previous studies, amlodipine was suggested to have some antibiotic properties. The MIC is not very low for amlodipine against these pathogens. However, the findings imply amlodipine potential to be repurposed as assisting drug and its inhibition of β-lactamase. To further discover and verify its potential of antimicrobial drug, amlodipine was tested for β-lactamase inhibition, and its synergistic effects were investigated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The compound was found to inhibit β-lactamase mixture (3 distinct species) in broad spectrum. Cephalosporins requires high concentration (>=64 ug/ml) to inhibit MRSA; combine both amlodipine and cephalosporins, the MIC only requires 8ug/ml (4 ug/ml amlodipine + 4 ug/ml Cefuroxime) in total, with FIC lower than 0.1 for strong synergistic effect. Both enzyme assay and bacterial tests indicate amlodipine as an ideal assisting drug for antibiotics; one of the mechanism is β-lactamase inhibition.


A project implementation schedule can be said to be successful if the implementation process can be completed in accordance with the planned time. Planning a good project implementation schedule must be supported by good project control. Because what happens in the field is not necessarily in accordance with what has been planned. By analyzing the cost and end time of project completion, it can provide detailed project performance schedule information. In this study, the analysis of the project implementation schedule is done manually, which is to make the S curve and use the Microsoft Project 2019 program. The method used is to enter the data related to the analysis into the program, then this Microsoft project will calculate automatically according to the formulas. calculation formula that has been made, so that the calculation of the project implementation schedule analysis will be faster and more accurate. The results of the cost analysis following the price of the Trenggalek district work unit for the renovation of the City Square is IDR. 6,078,136,530. Estimated schedule in planning the S schedule time curve with Microsoft Project 2019, there is a time difference of scheduling 39 calendar days or a difference of 1 month more that can save time and costs of implementing work. At the planning stage of scheduling with an S curve of 20 weeks or 140 days, using Microsoft Project 2019, the results obtained 101 days of project completion time. In the area of ornamental plants experiencing critical trajectory, due to the end of the work that is expected to be completed and handover, so it must add workers to be on target. Keyword: Project implementation schedule, Curve S, Microsoft Project 2019, Results of critical trajectories


of candi-date's thesis. Dnipropetrovsk. [in Ukr.] 9. Grebenyuk, O. (2012) Attempts to be resolved by the Council of People's Ministers of the Ukrainian People's Land Issues in March April 1918. The Siverian Chronicle. 3–4, 123–128. [in Ukr.] 10. Gritsenko, A. (2003). All-Ukrainian Workers' Congress of 1917. Encyclopedia of Ukrainian History. V. A. Smolij (Ed.). K. : Scientific thought. [in Ukr.] 11. Grushevskii, M. (2007). Works. (Vols. 1–50. P. Sokhan, Y. Dashkevich, I. Girich. (Eds.). Lviv : World. [in Ukr.] 12. Hrushevsky, M. (1991). Who are Ukrainians and what they want. K. : Knowledge [in Ukr.] 13. Josh, F. Agrarian question in the documents of the Ukrainian Central Rada (to the 93rd anniversary of the UCR) Retrieved from http://www.rusnauka.com/5_PNW_2010/Istoria/ 59049.doc.htm. [in Ukr.] 14. Doroshenko, D. (2002). History of Ukraine 1917 – 1923. (Vols. 1–2). K. Yu. Galushko (Ed.).K.: Tempora. [in Ukr.] 15. Zhitkov, O. (2015). Social-legal analysis of the land legislation of the Central Council in the newest Ukrainian historiography. Bulletin of the Taras Shevchenko National Taras Shevchenko University. 3(126), 11–15. [in Ukr.] 16. Zakharchuk, A. (2011). Human rights in the context of the doctrine of the natural law of the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian state. Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. 12, 5–13. [in Ukr.] 17. Ivashchenko, V. & Taranenko O. (2010). Evolution of the normative and legal base of tax policy of the Central Rada and Hetmanate in the Ukrainian village (October 1917 December 1918). Problems of the History of Ukraine of the XIX early XX centuries. K. : Institute of History of Ukraine. XVІІІ. (p. 148.). [in Ukr.] 18. Hatchetney, V. & Koval, O. (2009). National elite in the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921: interpretations of domestic and foreign researchers. Ethnic History of the Nations of Europe. 30. [in Ukr.] 19. Kovaleva, N. (2016). Peasants, landowners and state: conflicts of interest. "Agrarian Revolution" in Ukraine 1902 1922. D.: LIRA. [in Ukr.] 20. Constitutional Acts of Ukraine. 1917-1920. Unknown to the constitution of Ukraine. (1992). Kyiv: Philosophical and Sociological Thought. [in Ukr.] 21. Kornovenko, S. & Gerasimenko, O. (2017). Rebel peasant. Peasant Revolution in Ukraine 1902 1917 years. Cherkasy: Chbanenko Yu.A., [in Ukr.] 22. Kornovenko, S. (2017). The Subjective Component of the Agrarian Question as One of the Preconditions of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917 1921. Ukrainian Historical Magazine. 4, 83–94. [in Ukr.] 23. Korolov, G. Academic Discourse on the Study of the History of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921 (90s of the 20th Century the beginning of the 21st Century). from http:// dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/40025/20Korolev.pdf?sequence=1 [in Ukr.] 24. Kudlay, A. (2011). Creation and activity of the People's Ministry of Land Affairs of the Ukrainian People's Republic (June 1017 the end of 1918). K. : Polygraph. Section of the Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. [in Ukr.] 25. Martos, B. The First Steps of the Central Council (1973). Ukrainian Historian. 3–4. [in Ukr.] 26. Pavlenko, Y. & Khramov, Yu. (1995). Ukrainian statehood in 1917-1919 (historical and genetic analysis). Kyiv, (р. 47.)


Fifteen indigenous pigs (1 - 1½ m; 3-5kg) were randomly divided into 3 equal groups and fed exclusively on either concentrate (A), or garbage (B) or scavenging (C) for 3m. The growth rates (g/d) were 110±7.0, 140±12.0 and 47±5.0 in A, B and C respectively. Feed to gain ratio was lower in A than B. The dressing percentage in corresponding groups was 67.40±0.50; 73.5O±1.20 and 59.40±2.30. The difference in longissimus dorsi muscle protein, fat, moisture, ash and GF were significant (P<0.01) in different groups. The concentrare and garbage feeding resulted in lean and fatty carcasses, respectively while scavenging resulted in very poor growth of indigenous pigs with low carcass yields.


Objective To investigate the relationship between homocysteine(hcy) level and recurrent cerebral infarction and evaluate its effects and significance concerning in the occurrence of cerebral infarction.Methods Five hundred and twenty patients with acute cerebral infarction were assayed plasma hcy level and were divided into a hyper hcy group(Hhcy group) and a normal hcy group(Nhcy group) according to the level of plasma homocysteine.The recurrence rate of cerebral infarction of both groups was calculated during the following 2 years.And evaluate the difference among plasma hcy level of recurrent cerebral infarction patients who were divided into three groups due to the infarcted brain area.Results The recurrent rate of the Hhcy group was 16.9% and significantly higher than that of the Nhcy group(P0.05),which was 8.9%.The higher the plasma hcy level was,the bigger the infarcted brain area in recurrent cerebral infarction was.Conclusion The elevated plasma homocysteine level can increase the possibility of recurrentce after previous cerebral infarction and increase the infarcted brain area.


The paper streamlines information technology, applications of information technology in distance education and libraries in distance education. The significance of the impact of  IT for library and information services lies in the reconfiguration of exiting services, the creation of entirely new services and the integration of services in ways previously unknown. Because of IT library and information centres are gradually expanding their role by functioning as publishers, database producers, and online hosts with the appropriate application of technologies viz… electronic publishing, E-mail and networking.


Cultivation of fungus for food originated about 45-65 million years ago in the ancestor of fungus-growing ants (Formicidae, tribe Attini), representing an evolutionary transition from the life of a hunter-gatherer of arthropod prey, nectar, and other plant juices, to the life of a farmer subsisting on cultivated fungi. Seven hypotheses have been suggested for the origin of attine fungiculture, each differing with respect to the substrate used by the ancestral attine ants for fungal cultivation. Phylogenetic information on the cultivated fungi, in conjunction with information on the nesting biology of extant attine ants and their presumed closest relatives, reveal that the attine ancestors probably did not encounter their cultivars-to-be in seed stores (von Ihering 1894), in rotting wood (Forel 1902), as mycorrhizae (Garling 1979), on arthropod corpses (von Ihering 1894) or ant faeces in nest middens (Wheeler 1907). Rather, the attine ant-fungus mutualism probably arose from adventitious interactions with fungi that grew on walls of nests built in leaf litter (Emery 1899), or from a system of fungal myrmecochory in which specialized fungi relied on ants for dispersal (Bailey 1920) and in which the ants fortuitously vectored these fungi from parent to offspring nests prior to a true fungicultural stage.


ABSTRACT In this work, the leave extracts of Calotropis gigantean, Eucalyptus globulus and buds of Syzygium aromaticum were prepared and coated on natural fibers based bamboo gauze fabric for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60). The morphology of developed samples was studied using SEM to know its pores sizes. Various mechanical properties have been studied. The antibacterial activity was studied using Gram positive and negative types of bacteria. The wound healing efficacy of the coated fabric samples were studied through in vivo method. The type of wound selected for the study was second degree wound. The dorsal surface of the rat's skin was removed and second degree wound was created. Then the developed fabric samples were dressed over the wound surface and the wound healing was studied by wound closure rate in equal interval of days. A specified composition of natural extracts coated on bamboo gauze fabric enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60) exhibits good antibacterial property was confirmed from the formation of zone of inhibition in antibacterial test against Escherichia coli and a Staphylococcus aureus and appropriate wound closure rate on second degree wound through in vivo evaluation.


During the initial setting stage, glass ionomer cements are more susceptible to hygro-scopic alteration of the environment. It may suffer syneresis and imbibition processes, which are the loss or gain of water from the external environment, respectively. This contamination affects the physi-cal properties of bonding and increases the chances of the material disintegrating. To prevent this from occurring, immediate protection of the surfaces of GIC with sealing materials such as varnishes is rec-ommended.


This webinar was organized by Concurrences, in partnership with Charles River Associates, ELIG Gurkaynak Attorneys-at-Law, Orrick, and RBB Economics, with Babatunde Irukera (Federal Competition…


LSPR(Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance) sensor measures the refractive index change on the sensor surface. The detection of biological reaction with the unknown refractive index needs to be converted into the signal sensitivity for the refractive index change for comparison with other measurements. To find the signal sensitivity, the three steps of signal processing are proposed, which are signal modeling, signal calibration and signal normalization of LSPR sensor. The detected signal of biotin-streptavidin interaction has been converted into unit of [RU](Resonance Unit) using the proposed method. The converted signal directly can be compared with the other sensors including commercialized one.


The present invention relates to a fixed solar generator having a reflector for maximizing the generating efficiency of the fixed solar generator which is installed at low cost and in a simple manner, and is characterized in that an angle of rotation is calculated by substituting an angle of incidence (set based on position data of the sun according to the season and time with respect to a light collecting surface) in real time into the equation, 'angle of rotation = (180 degrees - angle of incidence) * number of rotations'.


It was widely believed that the interaction between rice and rice blast fungus can be interpreted by the gene-for-gene hypothesis. Two interaction models between rice blast fungus and anti-disease genes had been briefed. They were receptor-ligand model and guard model. The progress of research about molecular marker and position on avirulence genes of the pathogens of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) was reviewed, and the methods to clone and the cloned avirulence genes of rice blast fungus were also summarized.


The energy-resolving performance of a synchrotron radiation monochromator can be characterised by measuring the fluorescence response of a gas in scans across characteristic absorption lines. Here, we describe a method using exceptionally narrow absorption features in the soft x-ray range. The features belong to helium-like ions and examples of the transition 1s → 2p in O6+ and Ne8+ are shown. We describe the instrument PolarX-EBIT and show typical data. A performance with ten times sharper effective feature width, when compared to neutral-gas absorption features, is demonstrated.


According to the World Heart Federation website, World Heart Day 2015 focused on creating healthy heart environments by ensuring that everyone has the chance to make healthy heart choices. One of these choices is cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and secondary prevention.


Abstract The effect of nitrogen (N) application rates at active tillering and anthesis on grain yield and protein content of a bread wheat cultivar, 'Minaminokaori', was examined in the field study conducted in Fukuoka, Japan. Number of spikes, leaf area index (LAI), and SPAD value at anthesis increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing N application rate at active tillering. Grain yield also increased significantly (P < 0.05) because of the increased number of spikes. However, grain yield did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) with increasing N application rate at anthesis. The slope of the relationship between N application rate at active tillering and grain yield was about 3 times that of the relationship between N application rate at anthesis and grain yield. These results indicate that N application at active tillering is more effective than N application at anthesis for increasing grain yield. Increasing N application rate at active tillering and anthesis generally increased grain protein content. However, the slope of the relationship between N application rate at anthesis and grain protein content was about 2 times that of the relationship between N application rate at active tillering and grain protein content. These results indicate that N application at anthesis is more effective than N application at active tillering for increasing grain protein content. The interaction between N application rates at active tillering and anthesis was significant (P < 0.05) for grain protein content. With the application of 4 g N m–2 at active tillering, grain protein content increased linearly at a rate of about 0.5% per 1 g N m–2 (from 10.9% to 14.0%) with increasing N application rate (from 0 to 6 g N m–2) at anthesis. However, the rate of increase in grain protein content with increasing N application rate at anthesis was greater with 0 g N m–2 at active tillering than that with 4 g N m–2 at active tillering, whereas that with 8 g N m–2 at active tillering was smaller than that with 4 g N m–2 at active tillering. Application of 8 g N m–2 at tillering resulted in the highest SPAD value at anthesis; this was followed by the results for 4 and 0 g N m–2. Therefore, the SPAD value may be an important trait to decide N application rate at anthesis.


With the development of the market economy,people fall in a difficult position in choosing between interest and moral.Therefore,research on credibility has become an urgent task.The article explored it from four aspects: the first part is that credibility is one of basic norms of mankind's survival and development;the second part is that interest relationship is an unavoidable social reality;the third part is the economic value of credibility;the fourth part is the human values of credibility.


Adults spend a remarkable amount of time each year at their major ef forts to learn. In fact, a typical learning effort requires 100 hours. And the typical adult conducts five of them a year: 500 hours altogether. Some of these learning projects rely on instructors and classes, but over 70 percent are self-planned and others rely on friends and peer groups. This picture of the adult's major learning efforts has emerged in just the past seven years. Many basic surveys and several in-depth studies have con tributed to our understanding. This paper presents a review of that research and some high-priority directions for the future.


Ten species of low temperature-tolerant aquatic macrophytes were chosen to construct four combinations of aquatic macrophytes to study their purification efficiency on eutrophic water body in winter.In non-macrophyte treatment(CK),the removal efficiency of water total nitrogen(TN),nitrite nitrogen(NOx-N),ammonium nitrogen(NH4-N),and total phosphorus(TP) was 40.0%,25.9%,27.3%,and 64.5%,respectively.Combination 1(Iris hexagonus Hybrid + Rumex japonicas + Acorus gramineus "Ogan" + Juncus inflexus "Blue Arrows") grew luxuriantly in the test eutrophic water body,and performed best in decreasing water TN,NOx-N,NH4-N,and TP,with the removal efficiency being 47.8%,52.2%,32.4%,and 70.1%,respectively.Combination 2(I.hexagonus Hybrid + R.japonicas + A.gramineus "Ogan" + Hemerocallis middendorfii) could survive and had definite growth amount in the test eutrophic water,and the removal efficiency of water TN,NOx-N,NH4-N,and TP was 44.2%,58.5%,34.6% and 67.8%,respectively.In contrast,both the combination 3(R.japonicas + Lolium perenne + Chlorophytum comosum + Juncus pallidus R.Br."Javelin") and the combination 4(R.japonicas + L.perenne + C.comosum + Carex tristachya) only had an obvious efficiency in removing NOx-N but less efficiency in removing TN,NH4-N,and TP,due to the poor growth of C.comosum and C.tristachya.It was suggested that combinations 1 and 2 had better purification efficiency on eutrophic water body,being the suitable combination forms of aquatic macrophytes floating-bed under low temperature in winter.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the moderated mediation model among self-image congruity, self-brand connection, self-motivation and brand preference and validate that actual and ideal self-image congruity are two distinct constructs. As shown in the conceptual model, actual and ideal self-image congruity toward a brand have direct and indirect positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection, whereas self-motivation moderates the effect of self-image congruity on self-brand connection.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was done through mall intercepts in six shopping malls in Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Huizhou in southern China. In total, 461 usable questionnaires were collected with 500 distributed copies. Confirmatory factor analysis using Mplus (v.7) was done to assess the measurement validity for each construct. PROCESS analysis for SPSS (v.19.0.0) was used for hypothesis testing.

Findings
Both actual and ideal self-image congruities present significant positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection. The relationship between self-image congruity and the self-brand connection is also moderated by self-motivation.

Originality/value
This study fills an existing literature gap by distinguishing self-image and ideal self-image congruity as distinct constructs. Self-brand connection is posited as a new way to understand the mechanism of the self-image congruity effect on brand preference. Samples from several shopping malls in southern China are used to justify the important moderating role of self-motivation in consumers' brand preferences.


This paper discusses the solution of network based test system from hardware system,data base system,network operating system.And network application program based on analysis of data base security and the practice of network based test system.


The article is concerned with the status of gig economy workers with relationships with multiple employers, first examining the conflicts which have emerged about whether workers are employees or independent contractors under modern labor law. Particular focus and attention is given to transportation, cases heard under the national labor relations act of 1935, as amended in 1947, first examining taxis, commercial trucking, Federal Express drivers, before an exploration of drivers for companies like Uber and Lfyt. The point made here is that gig workers, though different in form from certain traditional employees, posses most of the same basic characteristics. Attention is given to the class action cases which arise particularly under minimum wage legislation and the like. Penultimately a new and still unique Seattle ordinance providing for the rights of independent contractors to organize and engage in collective bargaining is discussed, with analysis of antitrust and preemption issues. Finally, the article concludes with a examination of both bargaining experiences outside the law and legislative proposals, including the provision of portable benefits designed as a surrogate for employee status.


As hospitals gear up to achieve meaningful use of electronic health records, the needed IT experts are few and far between. Recruiting and retaining them must become a top priority.


The planned upgrade to the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the Super-LHC (sLHC) will increase its luminosity by a factor of ten. This necessitates the development of silicon tracking detectors that are significantly more radiation resistant than the ones employed at the LHC. Currently, new detector technologies are being developed to cope with the increased levels of radiation damage at the sLHC. A possible radiation hard option for silicon short strip devices (SSD) in the inner layers of sLHC trackers are 3-D detectors with rows of columnar electrodes processed into the bulk material. These are joined together to form strips. While the excellent radiation hardness of this design has been proven before in lab experiments, a 3-D SSD prototype has now been investigated for the first time in a beam test with pions of a nominal energy of 180 GeV. The use of analog LHC-speed electronics, a beam telescope and time-resolved measurements allowed for detailed studies of the signal behavior on the hit strip and its neighboring strips. Charge collection and efficiency were as well measured with respect to time and point of incidence of the beam particles on the detector. The results of these measurements are presented in this paper.


High freshwater flow delivers excess nutrients to Chesapeake Bay, leading to increased phytoplankton biomass, turbidity, and eutrophication. Low flow in 2002 was associated with a persistent drought that terminated abruptly in autumn 2002, followed by extremely high flow in 2003. This large difference in flow caused improved water quality in 2002 as nutrient loading subsided, and degraded water quality in 2003 with increased loading associated with high flow. We analyzed remotely sensed chlorophyll (chl a) data using an online data analysis tool to quantify the effect of sequential low and high freshwater flow on phytoplankton biomass near the mouth of the Bay. Chl a in the study area was significantly higher in 2003 than in 2002, consistent with strong forcing by freshwater flow and nutrient loading in the nutrient‐limited region of the Bay.


The solutions are put forward for the implementation of ETL in the data migration.That is to construct the input database and middle database,and to transfer the Data with the Datastage and the program of PL/SQL.The application strategy of the datastage and the specific process of the program of PL/SQL are presented.The practice shows that the speed of data migration is fast and the task of massive data migration can be finished successfully.


A growing number of studies show the relationship between self-regulated learning (that consist of (1) metacognitive strategies; (2) cognitive strategies; and (3) management and control of effort), motivation and academic performance. To promote student regulated and autonomous


Clinical skill training is a necessary stage for training qualified medical students. With the progress of the society and the increasing of the awareness of patient self-protection, traditional clinical skill training that directly uses real patient as subject is gradually facing severe challenge. So the medical simulation education begins to step into the clinical skill training activities. Comparing with traditional clinical skill training, it has many special advantages, and will become the main trend of the clinical skill training in the future.


SMK Telekomunikasi Tunas Harapan"is educational establishments applying information technology to support teaching and learning activities. In application SMK have information technology systems that have been running like their e-learning. E-learning is used as a means to perform data management. E-learning applications used set only has one IP that can only be accessed via an internal network SMK and was deliberately not made online. So, we need a way how to design the network system to link e-learning that is in the local network with users outside the network without changing the existing system safely. SSTP VPN provides solutions in the application of this network, other than it is a means of connecting the local network to the outside network, SSTP is also safe for use in communication certificate.


A secondary battery charging method of the present invention is a protection circuit connected to a secondary battery charging method. When the voltage of the secondary battery reaches i.e., higher than the maximum charge voltage of the first voltage of the first protection voltage, the protection circuit will cut off the charging of the secondary battery. The charging method of the present invention is in the constant current charging of the secondary battery, for quickly charging the secondary battery is charged to a voltage higher than the first voltage protection. In this state of charge of the secondary battery protection circuit is switched to the protection voltage than the protective voltage higher without allowing the first protection voltage protection circuit.


At the Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics (IAG) numerical studies on the low speed stall of aircraft wings, the development of the wake and its interaction with the empennage are performed. In the present paper unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) calculations as well as spatially and temporally highly resolved Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulations (DDES) of the turbulent wake downstream of a pressure induced boundary layer separation on an airfoil section are described. Hereby the wake structure propagation and the turbulence spectrum development were investigated. For these simulations a NACA 0012 airfoil with a free stream Mach number of 0.3 and high Reynolds number was chosen as test case because of available unsteady pressure measurements in the wake at high angles of attack. The URANS calculations on different grids and with different turbulence models show that a structured resolved wake region can facilitate the transport of turbulent viscosity with low dissipation. The DDES approach allows propagation of resolved turbulent structures far downstream of the flow separation. The spectral analysis shows a good agreement of measured and simulated pressure fluctuations in the junction of energy-containing range and inertial sub-range of the spectrum. Furthermore semi-empirical turbulence spectrum models were used to obtain spectral information from URANS solutions. Near the wake center the semi-empirical models match with the one-dimensional turbulent velocity fluctuation spectra from the DDES. The presented work is performed in the framework of the HINVA project, lead by the German Aerospace Center DLR. Its main objective is to increase the accuracy of high lift prediction methods of transport aircraft configurations. While detailed flight measurements provide a comprehensive validation data basis, numerical simulations and cryogenic wind tunnel tests aim at prediction improvements of the maximum lift coefficient.


Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys were undertaken in 1984 and repeated in 1985 along level lines in southeastern Arizona where subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal was occurring. The objective of these surveys was to determine the accuracy with which subsidence could be determined both from comparison of repeat GPS measurements and from comparison of GPS measurements with existing leveling. Repeatability of GPS determinations of differential ellipsoid height during a single survey was at the 1–2‐cm level. Differencing results of repeat GPS surveys performed 15 months apart gave subsidence values that agreed at the 2–4‐cm level with those obtained from leveling. Also, it was found that, after using gravimetric geoid heights to convert GPS‐derived ellipsoid heights to orthometric heights, agreement between the GPS/geoid orthofnetric heights and leveling orthometric heights was in the 3–7‐cm range. These results show that repeated GPS measurements can be used to monitor future subsidence in sou...


Twentieth-century psychology has studied specific active processes of knowing—such as perceptions, thoughts, or feelings—but lacked an understanding of deeper levels of the mind underlying and integrating all active mental processes. Therefore, it has spawned isolated areas of investigation rather than successful grand theories. Maharishi Vedic Psychology provides complete knowledge and experience of transcendental consciousness, the cosmic psyche, at the basis of the individual psyche. The cosmic psyche is identified as an unrestricted field of intelligence and creativity at the foundation of not only human nature but Nature's functioning as a whole. The applied aspect of Maharishi Vedic Psychology—which includes the Transcendental Meditation and TMSidhi programs—provides the means by which the cosmic psyche can be fully enlivened in daily life through the progressive unfoldment of four higher states of consciousness beyond waking, sleeping, and dreaming. By providing complete knowledge and direct experience of consciousness, Maharishi Vedic Psychology resolves the fundamental questions plaguing twentieth-century psychology. (1) Who is the knower, or self? Maharishi Vedic Psychology reveals that the ultimate status of the knower is the cosmic psyche. (2) What is the full range of mental processes through which one can know the self and the world? It describes a hierarchy of levels of mind from the most fundamental self-referral level of the cosmic psyche through progressively more expressed levels of functioning comprising: The individual ego, feeling, discriminating intellect, thinking mind, perception, physiological functioning, behavior, and ultimately the whole environment. (3) Can ideal behavior and relation-ships be developed with others? By fully attuning individual awareness with the cosmic psyche—the source of order and progress in Nature—thought and action becomes spontaneously progressive and nourishing to all levels of life. (4) Can we create a truly peaceful and harmonious world? By enlivening the underlying unified field of consciousness, the cosmic psyche, in only a small proportion of the population, an orderly and harmonious influence is created throughout society as a whole, establishing the basis for a heavenly life on earth. Over 500 scientific studies have verified the unique effectiveness of the applied programs of Maharishi Vedic Psychology in addressing these questions and solving the fundamental problems facing the individual and society. Maharishi Vedic Psychology Brings Fulfillment to the Aspirations of Twentieth-Century Psychology Psychology emerged at the turn of this century with the mission of applying the tools of modern science to address the grand unanswered questions in philosophy: who is the self (knower), what is the full range of mental processes through which one can know the world (processes of knowing), and how we can develop ideal relationships with others (the known). It considered consciousness as its constitutive issue in a like manner that energy and matter were for physics, and envisioned purely psychological laws that could explain mental events (James, 1890; Miller, 1981). The definition of conscious-ness embraced by the field has shaped the questions that were asked, the models that were developed and tested, and the practical applications that were generated. Despite its lofty goals, twentieth-century psychology has not solved the questions which motivated its inception. Twentieth-century psychology has failed because it was based on a limited understanding of consciousness. It studied active processes of knowing—perceptions, thoughts, or feelings—and lacked awareness of deeper levels of the mind underlying active mental processes. Because its understanding of consciousness has been incomplete, psychology has remained a fragmented study of more superficial expressed aspects of the individual and has spawned only isolated areas of investigation, rather than successful grand theories. Working from fragmented models, the complex and multi-dimensional problems facing the individual and society have not been adequately addressed. The basic argument of this paper is that through understanding of a unified level of consciousness posited to underlie all aspects of life—mental, physical, behavioral, and environmental—one can answer the fundamen-tal questions of psychology and fulfill its practical promise to mankind. This full understanding of consciousness is the contribution that Maharishi Mahesh Yogi has made to bring fulfillment to the aspirations of twentieth-century psychology, as formally structured in Maharishi Vedic Psychology . The contemporary view in neuroscience is that consciousness is produced by the functioning of the nervous system (e.g., Gazzaniga, 1997). In contrast, Maharishi Vedic Psychology proposes that consciousness is a fundamental universal field that underlies and gives rise to all individual nervous systems and psyches (Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, 1963, p. 61–63). Maharishi Vedic Psychology gives complete knowledge and experience of this transcendental field of consciousness, which it calls the cosmic psyche, at the basis of individual thoughts and feelings. The cosmic psyche is identified as an unrestricted field of intelligence and creativity at the basis of not only human nature but Nature's functioning as a whole. The full understanding of consciousness as inclusive of the cosmic psyche completely transforms our understanding of (1) who the knower is; (2) what is the full range of processes through which we can know the self and the world; (3) how to develop ideal behavior with others; and (4) how to create a peaceful and harmonious world. This paper explores these four basic issues from the perspective of twentieth-century psychology and then from the expanded perspective of Maharishi Vedic Psychology. The final section provides an overview of research documenting the practical benefits of application of Maharishi Vedic Psychology to the individual and to society.


In this paper we will revise the mistakes in a previous paper of Zhang Xikang (Number of integral lines of polynomial systems of degree three and four, J. Nanjing Univ. Math. Biquarterly, Supplement, 1993, pp. 209– 212) for the proof of the conjecture on the maximum number of invariant straight lines of cubic and quartic polynomial differential systems; and also prove the conjecture in a previous paper of the second author (Qualitative theory of polynomial differential systems, Shanghai Science-Technical Publishers, Shanghai, 1995, p. 474) for a certain special case of the n degree polynomial systems. Furthermore, we will prove that cubic and quartic differential systems have invariant straight lines along at most six and nine different directions, respectively, and also show that the maximum number of the directions can be obtained.


With the promotion of online education, the adaptive learning system has attracted attention due to its good curriculum recommendation function. The student model is an important interface between the adaptive learning system and the user, reflecting the individual characteristics, knowledge status, and cognitive ability of the student. The accuracy of the information in the student model directly affects the quality of the system recommendation service. The traditional student model only judges students based on the basic information and simple test scores. This paper introduces the self-adaptive item bank and adaptive item selection strategy based on the cognitive diagnosis theory that dynamically detects the students' knowledge and analyzes the state according to the answering habits and knowledge mastering status of different students. This paper analyzes and contrasts a variety of traditional cognitive diagnosis theories and proposes a mixed cognitive diagnosis question bank and a selection strategy model to provide strong support for the construction of student models.


PURPOSE: To provide a grease composition elongating the life of lubrication at an applied position when used at a high temperature, and further to provide a bearing with a sealed grease in which the grease composition is sealed. CONSTITUTION: This grease composition is obtained by formulating a thickener and an amide-based wax with a base oil. The amide-based wax has ≧80°C melting point, and an ability for preventing the oxidation of the base oil, and the formulated proportion based on the whole grease composition is 0.5-10 wt.%. The base oil of the grease composition is at least one kind selected from an ether-based oil, an ester-based oil and a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, and has 20-150 mm¬2/s kinematic viscosity at 40°C. The thickener of the grease composition is a urea-based thickener, and the proportion of the formulated thickener based on the whole grease composition is 5-30 wt.%.


In areas with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, vancomycin is widely used for empirical treatment of


Modeling and understanding the complex elastic-wave physics prevalent in fluidelastic cylindrically-layered structures is of importance in many NDE fields, and most pertinently in the domain of well integrity evaluation in the oil and gas industry. It is believed that acoustical measurements provide one of the effective means to provide a diagnosis. Historically, the problem has been researched and addressed to a good extent for well intervals with a single steel string. For these cases, high-frequency ultrasonic imaging has been optimized and demonstrated to yield acceptable diagnosis of the annulus properties behind the first string the signal encounters. However, they fail to provide information about the outer annulus in a double or triple string geometry. To probe with more effective radial depth, lower-frequency signals are used. In a typical double-string configuration, the inner casing is eccentered with respect to the outer string which itself is also eccentered within the cylindrical hole. The annuli may or may not be filled with solid cement, and the cement may have liquid-filled channels or be disbonded over localized azimuthal ranges. The complexity of wave propagation along axial intervals is significant in that multiple modes can be excited and detected with characteristics that are affected by the various parameters in a non-linear fashion.


We have used the unique far-UV imaging capability offered by a sounding-rocket-borne instrument to acquire observations of C/2012 S1 (ISON) when its angular separation with respect to the Sun was 26.°3 on 2013 November 20.49. At the time of observation, the comet's heliocentric distance and velocity relative to the Sun were rh = 0.43 au and = −62.7 km s−1. Images dominated by C i λ1657 and H i λ1216 were acquired over a 106 × 106 km2 region. The water production rate implied by the Lyα observations is constrained to be 8 × 1029 s−1 while the neutral carbon production rate was 4 ×1028 s−1. The radial profile of C i was consistent with it being a dissociation product of a parent molecule with a lifetime τ ∼ 5 × 104 s, favoring a parent other than CO. We constrain the QCO production rate to 1028 s−1 with 1σ errors derived from photon statistics. The upper limit on the QCO/ is ≲6%.


Antigen screening for the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein is among the most promising tools for the mass monitoring of asymptomatic carriers of the virus, especially in limited resource environments. Herewith, we report on the possible use of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the natural receptor and entry point of the virus, as a biorecognition element for the detection of the S1 antigen combined with an established bioelectric biosensor based on membrane-engineered cells. The working principle of our approach is based on the measurable change of the electric potential of membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing ACE2 after attachment of the respective viral protein. We demonstrate that sensitive and selective detection of the S1 antigen is feasible in just three min, with a limit of detection of 20 fg/mL. In a preliminary clinical application, positive patient-derived samples were identified with a 87.9% score compared to RT-PCR. No cross-reactivity was observed against a wide range of nucleocapsid protein concentrations. The novel biosensor is embedded in a commercially ready-to-use testing platform, complete with the consumable immobilized cell–electrode interface and a portable read-out device operable through smartphone or tablet. In addition, the possible application of the system for the high throughput screening of potential pharmacological inhibitors of the ACE2 receptor-S1 RBD interaction is discussed.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing systemic disease, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract with extraintestinal manifestations which includes two main conditions: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). It affects mainly young individuals, thus requiring the use of anti-inflammatory and immunsupressive drugs for long periods of time, with the subsequent need for specialist controls and the burden of frequent side effects. Moreover, IBD patients frequently require hospitalizations and surgical procedures, impacting directly in the medical associated costs and quality of life.
The increasing incidence and prevalence of the disease and its unknown exact pathogenesis has raised the interest of an increasingly diverse group of clinicians and research groups, reinforcing the need for translational and multidisciplinary approaches. It is well recognized that an altered immune reponse to commensal intestinal bacteria takes place in genetically predisposed individuals, and it can be considered an immune deficiency condition. Attempts to bolster and regulate immunity (especially the T lymphocytes) and/or correct the immunity defects to prevent chronic inflammation represents a change of paradigme from conventional anti-inflammatory treatments to immunotherapy, that has showed positive results in other autoimmune and infectious diseases and cancer. Thus, the study of these immunological alterations, and specifically, the role of lymphocytes and their regulators in IBD, is a key element for understanding its pathogenesis, and develop new and more effective therapeutic alternatives.
There are two T lymphocyte populations that can be distinguished by the expression of αβ or γδ chains. αβ T lymphocytes (αβTL) are more frequent (90-95%) in the peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes. On the other hand, γδ T lymphocytes (γδTL) constitute only a small proportion (1-5%) of the lymphocytes that circulate in the blood and peripheral organs, and they are present mainly in the epithelia, where they can constitute up to 50% of intraepithelial T lymphocytes (IELs).
There are two major features that make γδTL different from the αβ subtype: 1)γδ TL can recognize antigens without the normal constraints of antigen processing and presentation (Major Histocompatibility Complex -MHC- restriction), providing a direct and quick response; 2)γδ TL can recognize non peptide ligands like viral proteins, bacterial superantigens, or heat shock proteins and are highly stimulated by phosphoantigens. These special features allow γδ TL to provide a comprehensive response for pathogen clearance through direct recognition, to collaborate intensely in immune modulation and in wound healing mechanisms.
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) belongs to the class 1 of cytokines that signal through the common heterodimeric γc chain and has been recognized as a mediator of the homeostatic mechanisms that maintains a stable number of naive memory T cells in the peripheral immune system. Moreover IL-7 is absolutely critical for the development of γδTL, and γδTL cannot be detected in IL-7R α knockout mice.
These potent immunological homeostatic properties and particularly its unique capacity of expanding naive T lymphocyte pools, make IL-7 a promising candidate for treating conditions causing T lymphocyte dysfunction or lymphopenia like chronic viral infections (HIV, CMV), regeneration of T cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune disorders and cancer immunotherapy. This could also be the case in IBD.
Our hypothesis is that IBD patients present an alteration in the innate immunity, specifically in the function of γδTL and its main regulator IL-7, that contributes to the initiation and/or perpetuation of the intestinal inflammation.
We aimed to determine the levels of γδTL and IL-7 in peripheral blood of 102 Crohn´s disease patients and controls and analyse its relation with several clinical and endoscopiacal variables.
Our results show a decrease in the overall lymphocyte population and specially in γδTL in the peripheral blood of patients with CD. This decrease occurred in all different clinical settings and was inversely correlated with the clinical and endoscopical activity.
We also found a surprising decreased level of serum IL-7 in CD –although not statistically significative- (high compensating IL-7 levels were expected due to lymphopenia). This results represents a new pathogenic mechanism in CD, with potential therapeutical implications.


This study was conducted to know the Intelligence and Academic Achievement in mathematics of Secondary School Students in Erode Educational District, Tamilnadu. Thepresent study the investigator defined to take a sample of 330 school students based on the random sampling were an analysed. Intelligence test inventory was designed by cattel and cattel was used by the investigator And Achievement in mathematics marks taken from summative test. It was found that there is a Correlation between Intelligence and Achievement in Mathematics of Secondary School Students.


An efficient internally frequency‐doubled mode‐locked Nd:YAG laser has been operated. An interaction between the intracavity harmonic generation and mode locking, which results in a lengthening of the mode‐locked pulse and a corresponding decrease in fundamental circulating power, has been observed with this laser. The laser makes use of an intracavity harmonic mirror to produce 1.5 W of 0.53‐μ power in the output beam. A significant decrease in laser noise is observed when the laser is mode locked.


Highly specific anti-TSH antibodies were purified from a crude antiserum preparation by affinity chromatography using TSH-sepharose column as the adsorbant. This procedure completely eliminated the original LH binding activities. The purified anti-TSH antibodies were then coupled to CNBr activated sepharose 4 B and used in separating TSH from rat pituitaries by batch procedure. This method is demonstrated to be highly specific for purifying labelled TSH from pituitaries previously incubated in the presence of [14C]tyrosine. The effect of TRH on TSH biosynthesis is presented as a biological application of this procedure.


Firms increasingly rely on business model innovation as a means to face challenges of a world in transition. We identify the conscious integration of products and services, i.e., product service systems, as a valuable strategy to radically innovate product-focused business models. Applying an exploratory multiple case study approach, we uncover five distinct kinds of services that specifically help firms to innovate their business model. These are (1) business consulting, (2) comprehensive services, (3) educational services, (4) financing services, and (5) information management services. The influence of these services on three components of business model innovation (value propositions, value chain architectures, and revenue streams) is discussed. In total, our study emphasizes that integrating specific services with products is an important driver for business model innovations.


The main result is: almost all Latin squares of order n have trivial autoparatopy group as n→ ∞. As a consequence we obtain the asymptotic number of main classes of Latin squares of order n: Ln ___(l + o(l)), 6n!3 where Ln number of Latin squares of order n.


In this paper, design and simulation of a nanometric displacement measurement system is discussed. The combination of the Doppler effect and interferometry method is being used. A stabilized three-longitudinalmode He-Ne laser with o A 6328 wavelength and cm 35 cavity length is used. Its primary and secondary beat frequencies are 428.60MHz, 429.27MHz, and 670kHz, respectively. Therefore, the maximum measurable velocity is equal to s mm / 106 .Also, the measuring displacement is limited to the fraction of the synthetic wavelength and its accuracy will be decreased to 0.09nm.


On August 29, 2005, the Gulf Coast experienced one of our nation's most devastating natural disasters in modern history with the landfall of Hurricane Katrina. Heavy damage was inflicted from Louisiana to Alabama, causing Katrina to become the most destructive and costliest natural disaster in the history of the United States and likely the deadliest since 1928. This article documents the preparations, responses, experiences, and lessons learned from the point of view of just a few of the practicing general pediatricians in Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana.

Baton Rouge is the state capital, located approximately 80 miles northwest of New Orleans and situated on the east bank of the Mississippi River. The 2000 census data list the city's population as 227818, with the metropolitan population being 602894. It is the closest urban area to the region of Louisiana impacted by Hurricane Katrina. Medical care is supplied to a 7-parish area of approximately 1 million people. In the days before Katrina, the population of greater Baton Rouge was estimated to have doubled.

It is interesting to note that almost 13 months to the date before Katrina, a statewide hurricane exercise involving a category 3 strike on New Orleans was rehearsed.

In July 2004, in the State Emergency Operations Center in Baton Rouge, officials from 50 state, federal, and volunteer organizations and Louisiana parishes participated in a mock scenario almost identical to the reality of Katrina. During the tabletop exercise, more than 250 planners used the scenario to develop a recovery plan for the 13 parishes in the New Orleans area. This exercise was known as "Hurricane Pam."

The Hurricane Pam exercise envisioned sustained winds of 120 mph and up to 20 inches of rain to parts of southeast Louisiana and a storm surge that topped levees in the New Orleans …

Address correspondence to David E. Thomas, MD, PhD, FAAP. E-mail: DThoma01{at}ololrmc.com


Modeling soil as a 3D axisymmetric continuum and taking its radial and vertical displacement into account,the interaction between a soil layer and a pile with elastic bottom boundary undergoing vertical harmonic load is theoretically investigated.The pile is assumed to be vertical,elastic and of uniform cross-section,and the soil is considered as a linear visco-elastic layer with hysteretic type damping.With the aid of two potentials,the displacement of the soil is decomposed and then the dynamic equilibrium equation of soil layer is uncoupled and solved first.Thus the vibration modes of the soil layer are obtained and used to analyse the response on pile.By considering the interaction between the soil layer and the pile with boundary condition of continuity of displacement and equilibrium of force at their interface,the dynamic equilibrium equation of pile is solved and an analytical solution for the response on pile in frequency domain is obtained,which is used to define the complex stiffness and mobility at the level of the pile head.Based on the convolution theorem and inverse Fourier transform,a semi-analytical solution of velocity response in time-domain subjected to a semi-sine exciting force is given.A parametric study of the effect of these governing dimensionless parameters is conducted to illustrate the behavior of soil-pile interaction.Some new conclusions are drawn.


GPS controlling web is of advantages, such as flexible selected positions and convenient making web, and is not basically limited by approach to tele-signs and web forms, especially in the measuring areas of completed topography and being difficult in approach to tele-signs. But because in the measuring areas the side length is short (no more than 300m), the accuracy of the basic line is low, and the accuracy of some side length is more than 1/10 000,A short side length should be avoided or make a cautious measure when an accuracy is required.


A homogeneous glass with composition 0.60SiO 2 -0.3Na 2 O-0.10Fe 2 O 3 was prepared and devitrified to produce a glass ceramic having a single crystalline phase of formula Na 5 Fe(SiO 3 ) 4 . The dc magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on the glass and the heat-treated sample have shown that the magnetic exchange interaction is antiferromagnetic and of equal strength in both samples investigated. It was shown that M versus H data at different temperatures do not collapse to a single curve in the M versus H/T representation for both the glass and the heat-treated sample, further indicating an antiferromagnetic interaction in both materials. The M versus H data for the glass sample was titled with Brillouin function by keeping the total number of magnetic ions constant and varying the proportion of ferrous ions until a best fit was achieved. The [Fe 2+ ]/[Fe total ] concentration ratio obtained from the fit is in good agreement with the value obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) performed on the glass sample.


Statistical modeling of the avalanche photodiode electron output is discussed. The exact McIntyre{Conradi density function for the output electron count is reviewed, along with the Webb and Gaussian approximations. In addition, the maximum-likelihood decision statistic for detection of pulse-position-modulation (PPM) signals is derived using the more accurate Webb density rather than the Poisson or Gaussian approximations that have been used previously. It is shown that for Webb-distributed output electrons, the maximum-likelihood rule is to choose the PPM word corresponding to the slot with the maximum electron count. Error probabilities for 256-ary PPM signals are calculated using the maximum-electron-count decision rule in the absence of thermal noise. The detection of weak optical signals is hampered by the presence of additive thermal noise, generated by resistors in the electrical circuit, in the measurement. This problem can be overcome by the use of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or avalanche photodiodes (APDs), both of which amplify the electrical current generated by absorbed photons. PMTs have very high gain and, hence, can be used to detect individual photons. However, the spectral response of these devices is limited to visible wavelengths. APDs provide less gain but remain useful over a wider range of wavelengths for overcoming thermal noise.


time were 108.0 and 19.2 min, respectively. The median diameter of the PmVSDs was 4.24 mm (interquartile range: 3.31 to 5.0 mm). Only 2 patients (1.9%) in the PmVSD cohort had mean pulmonary arterial pressures >25 mm Hg. Clinical characteristics, hemodynamic status, and procedural data are summarized in Table 1, on the basis of the subtypes of PmVSD. No mortality was noted. Of the 105 attempts, 5 (4.8%; 4 with perimembranous trabecular-type VSDs) were abandoned after diagnostic catheterization for various reasons (details not shown here). The shape of the VSD was conical in 49 patients (perimembranous trabecular type, 42 patients) and tubular in 51 patients. The median ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow and device size implanted were 1.36 and 6 mm, respectively. The median aortic rim was 1.2 mm. Before closure, 72 patients had prolapsed aortic cusp, and 27 had mild or mild to moderate degrees of AR. None of them experienced new-onset AR, except for 1 18-year-old female patient who had a history of infective endocarditis before her VSD closure (Online Figure 3). None of patients had worsening tricuspid regurgitation after VSD closure. The 1-month, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year probabilities of a persistent small residual VSD shunts were 8.7%, 7.2%, 5.9%, and 4.5%, respectively. No mortality or atrioventricular block was reported. One major adverse event was observed in a 15-year-old girl who had an episode of arteriovenous malformation– associated left frontal lobe intracranial hemorrhage 5 months after her transcatheter closure. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to enroll a large number of patients with PmVSDs and prolapsed aortic valves (72%) or mild AR (27%). Our results included a 100% success rate, no noted atrioventricular blocks, and the development of new-onset mild AR in only 1% of patients. These excellent results might be attributable to the use of a softer device and the conservative size of the device (Online Figures 3 and 4). Traditionally, aortic cusp prolapse has been considered a contraindication to the device closure of PmVSDs because of concerns regarding the worsening of AR (2). In our present cohort, mild and moderate aortic prolapse was noted in 64 and 8 patients, respectively. Although none of them experienced new-onset AR or AR progression during the average 2-year follow-up period, the long-term feasibility of transcatheter closure with duct occluders for the subgroup of patients with PmVSD should be further validated in the future. The results of surgical VSD repair have been consistently excellent for many years, with percentages of 1-year post-operative residual VSD leakage approaching 1% at many medical centers (1,2). In this study, we used ADOs, which have less polyester material and may have resulted in slightly delayed complete VSD closure (1-month residual shunt rate 7.2%). How to reduce the risk for residual VSD jets after transcatheter closure remains an important issue. We demonstrated feasible mid-term results of transcatheter VSD closure in selected patient populations. With a conservative approach, the transcatheter closure of VSDs with ADOs may provide an alternative to open heart surgery.


Background Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with allergic symptoms in children. Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of cow's milk allergy.


In the hilly area in longnan of Gansu Province of west China,the temperature inversion layer exists extensively.In Bailong dry and hot river valley,where the elevation is about 50~200 metres,the temperature inversion layer occurs most freguently.Its average strength is from 0.5℃to 1.0℃ per 100m.The most one is from 3.1℃ to 4.0℃.In this paper,based on the rule of temperature,the tests of planting Pleurotus ostreatus and Collybia uelulipes have been done.It shows that there is a obvious difference in output of mushroom and income in different areas of different elevations and the highest output of mushroom occurred at the area with an elevation of about 100m.


In the present paper, we study bottleneck labeled optimization problems arising in the context of graph theory. This long-established model partitions the set of edges into classes, each of which is identified by a unique color. The generic objective is to construct a subgraph of prescribed structure (such as that of being an s-t path, a spanning tree, or a perfect matching) while trying to avoid over-picking or under-picking edges from any given color.


The article describes the process of grouping the regions in terms of social and economic development, infrastructure equipment and volume of transport work using cluster analysis.


SUMMARY

A Gaussian correlation function characterizes smoothly heterogeneous media, while real heterogeneities in the Earth are often non-Gaussian in nature. Using the Born approximation, mean square amplitudes of the scattered waves have been derived for an elastic media characterized by the Von Karman correlation function. Heterogeneities with different power laws can be defined by the Von Karman correlation function. The sensitivity of fore- and backscattering to heterogeneities with different scales and properties (that is velocity and impedance) is discussed in this paper. The analytical expression for total scattered energy for the incident P waves is also derived for a random medium having the Von Karman correlation function. We find that at high frequencies, the scattered power of converted waves is a function of frequency. In the case of codawave excitation by local earthquakes, which must be handled by the full elastic-wave theory, we can define any type of inhomogeneity by the Von Karman correlation function. It also supports the idea that the lithosphere might have multiple-scale inhomogeneities.


A characterization of dense polynomial algebras is obtained for a certain class of p-continously differentiable Frechet functions between real Banach spaces. In order to study this result a new approximation property in Banach spaces, the bounded weak approximation property, is introduced and studied.