Purpose: To determine the associated diseases causing hepatic capsular enhancement and analyze the relationship of the capsular enhancement patterns as a function of the associated diseases. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 797 patients having undergone arterial phase abdominal CT scans. Among these images, 47 patients showed hepatic capsular enhancement (13 men and 34 women; mean age: 53.1; age range: 5-91 years). We investigated if there was a correlation between the pattern of hepatic capsular enhancement and cause of disease. When the hepatic capsular enhancement was found to persist until the portal phase, the symptom duration was evaluated. Results: Hepatic capsular enhancements were presented in 5.9% (47/797) of the arterial phase abdominal CT scans. Six patients (12.8%) were diagnosed with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. The other causes of hepatic capsular enhancement included 20 cases of inflammation, 13 cases of malignancy, and 8 cases of other diseases. The extent of the hepatic capsular enhancement was not significantly different among the causes of disease. In thirty two of 47 patients (68.1%), hepatic capsular enhancement persisted until the portal phase images. Conclusion: Hepatic capsular enhancement on an arterial phase is a nonspecific imaging finding observed in the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome as well as a variety of other diseases. A CT is useful in finding the hepatic capsular enhancement and determining the accompanying disease.


There has been a rising demand for secure system that must be dependable and quick respond for the home industries and companies. Today there is also a rise in demand for hack proof system due to the increase in level of programming. Our system gives both protections from manual theft like breaking the lock and also from logical theft like hacking the system. Our system works mainly through the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID is one of the consistent and fast means of identification of the material object. Nowadays RFID is easily available and more convenient to use. ARDUINO MEGA makes the circuit and programming a lot easier to understand. We have additionally introduced a PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) and a LASER and LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor module which will give more protection. There is also a lock which we will guide through the rotation of the servo motor. We can also control an AC lamp inside the house through the triggering of a relay. This security system is very convenient to home, office and any kind of commercial buildings.


This study aimed to determine the occurrence, geographical distribution and genetic diversity of tick and mosquito-borne protozoa and rickettsia in buffaloes by the PCR – sequencing approach. A total of 456 blood samples were collected in provinces of Thailand including Mukdahan, Uthai Thani, Lampang, Amnat Charoen, Nong Bua Lamphu, Phatthalung, Surin and Chachoengsao. DNA was extracted from buffalo blood and screened for the presence of pathogens, followed by sequencing. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of rickettsia, protozoa, and malaria were 41%, 25.4%, and 12.9% respectively. Double and triple infection of buffaloes with pathogens were observed in 19.1% of the samples. A significant association between A. marginale infection and the buffalo gender was seen by Pearson's Chi-squared test. Nucleotide identity matrixes and phylogenetic trees of A. marginale and T. orientalis indicated that those isolates had high similarity and close relationships with each other. Nucleotide diversity values suggested that low levels of polymorphism and genetic diversity of A. marginale and T. orientalis were observed between different isolates owing to the highly conserved property. However, cytochrome b in P. bubalis population showed a higher number of segregating sites and nucleotide diversity. The present study revealed the infection of A. platys in buffaloes for the first time and extended the endemic area of malaria parasites to other unexplored provinces.


With the development of urban railroad transit network in China,the complex construction of interchange station will be a new technical problem for building the whole railroad transit network. In order to provide technical support for safe construction of Dalian road interchange station in Line 8 and Line10 in Shanghai,numerical analysis is used to simulate the whole construction process. With designing theories of deep foundation,the finite element method and ANSYS software,the deformations in main construction cases are calculated. According to the analysis,the conclusions can be drawn as follows:the asymmetric excavation and the asymmetrically chiselling-off of the diaphragm wall are the most dangerous constructions cases;the deformation of the diaphragm wall and ground should be measured during the whole construction,especially,the internal forces of the beam,plane and column in interchange connection should be measured when the diaphragm wall was asymmetric chiselled off. Some reinforcement methods such as ground reinforcement,temporary support should be used if necessary.


Many computer vision algorithms include a robust estimatio n step where model parameters are computed from a data set containing a significan t proportion of outliers. The RANSAC algorithm is possibly the most widely used robust estimator in the field of computer vision. In the paper we show that under a broad range of c onditions,RANSAC efficiency is significantly improved if hypothesis evaluation is randomized . A new randomized (hypothesis evaluation) version of RANSAC, R-RANSAC, is introduced. Computational savings are achieved by typically eva luating only a fraction of data points for models contaminated with outliers. The idea is im plemented in a two-step evaluation procedure. A mathematically tractable class of stat istical preverification tests for test samples is introduced. For this class we derive an appro ximate relation for optimal setting of its single parameter. The proposed pre-test is ve r fied on both synthetic data and real-world problems and a significant increase in speed is sh own.


The Rawlins Quadrangle (2/sup 0/), Wyoming and Colorado, was evaluated to identify areas that contain environments favorable for the occurrence of uranium deposits. Data from reconnaissance and detailed surface studies, aerial radiometric surveys, hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment reconnaissance surveys, and subsurface drill-hole log studies were collected and compared to favorability criteria developed for the National Uranium Resource Evaluation program. The authors delineated 15 areas containing 10 favorable environments as the result of the evaluation. Sandstone uranium environments occur in 11 areas. Two areas contain favorable carbonate uranium environments, and one is favorable for uraniferous lignites. Favorable plutonic environments occur in two areas, and favorable quartz-pebble conglomerates occur in two areas. Unevaluated environments include the Baggot Rocks Granite, the Frontier Formation, the Hanna Formation east of Elk Mountain, and the Medicine Bow and Mesaverde Formations in the Laramie Basin. All remaining areas in the quadrangle are considered unfavorable.


How to support students in programming learning has beena great research challenge in the last years. To address thischallenge, prior works have mainly focused on proposingsolutions based on syntactic analysis to provide studentswith personalized feedback about their grammatical pro-gramming errors and misconceptions. However, syntacticanalysis falls short on informing learners how they solve theprogramming problem, even if one key learning outcome ofprogramming relates to the development of an individual'sability to solve a problem. In this article, we introduce anindicator to analyze beginners' code based on semantic prox-imity. This indicator adapts an edit distance algorithm (i.e.,the Levenshtein distance) to express the proximity of thestudents' code with the expected solution provided by theteacher, in order to express the learners' capacity to solvethe given problem. To process our indicator, we applied ma-chine learning techniques to a dataset from an introductoryprogramming course with a sample of 166 students. Thefirst results are encouraging. On the one hand, the semanticindicator can be used to automatically classify source codesas semantically correct or incorrect in 58% of the cases. Onthe other hand, the indicator is correlated with teachers'summative evaluations of students' codes. Even if furtherinvestigations must be conducted to improve the indicator'saccuracy, the results of this study make it possible to use ourapproach as the foundations for future research in semantic-based intelligent and awareness programming systems.


In recent years, the trend in small modular reactor (SMR) technology development has been towards the water-cooled integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) type. The innovative and unique characteristics of iPWR-type SMRs provide an enhanced safety margin, and thus offer the potential to expand the use of safe, clean, and reliable nuclear energy to a broad range of energy applications. Currently in the world, there are about eleven (11) iPWR-type SMRs concepts and designs that are in various phases of development: under construction, licensed or in the licensing review process, the development phase, and conceptual design phase. Lack of national and/or internatonal comparative framework for safety in SMR design, as well as the proprietary nature of designs introduces non-uniformity and uncertainties in regulatory review. That said, the major primary reactor coolant system components, such as the steam generator (SG), pressurizer (PRZ), and control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) are integrated within the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) to inherently eliminate or minimize potential accident initiators, such as LB-loss of coolant accidents (LOCAs). This paper presents the design status, innovative features and characteristics of iPWR-type SMRs. We delineate the common technology trends, and highlight the key features of each design. These reactor concepts exploit natural physical laws such as gravity to achieve the safety functions with high level of margin and reliability. In fact, many SMR designs employ passive safety systems (PSS) to meet the evolving stringent regulatory requirements, and the extended consideration for severe accidents. A generic classification of PSS is provided. We constrain our discussion to the decay heat removal system, safety injection system, reactor depressurization system, and containment system. A review and comparative assessment of these passive features in each iPWR-type SMR design is considered, and we underline how it maybe more advantageous to employ passive systems in SMRs in contrast to conventional reactor designs.


The aim of the study is to determine the expression Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase-1 (ADAR1) in subjects with and without oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore the correlation between expression of ADAR1 and clinicopathologic parameters, so as to confirm the role and significance of ADAR1 expression in development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of ADAR1 in oral mucosa of 23 case normal tissues and 124 cases with oral squamous cell carcinoma. We found that ADAR1 positive expressed in all subjects with normal oral mucosa, high expressed in 13 out of 23 subjects. In subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma, ADAR1 is positive expression in 118 out of 124 subjects, high expression in 79 out 129 subjects. No significance differences was found between positive of ADAR1 and age, gender, tumor location and lymph node metastasis, except for tumor diameter, lclinical stage , histopathologic grade and relapse (P<0.05). Our results suggested that RNA editing of ADAR1 may be not linked to oral cancer occur but to progress of oral cancer, which indicated that the regulation of ADAR1 protein existed in the development of oral cancer. Thus, the detection of ADAR1 expression may have certain reference to evaluate prognosis of patients with oral cancer.


Bitter (T2R) and sweet/umami (T1R) taste receptors serve chemosensory roles throughout the body. In airway cilia, T2Rs detect bacterial metabolites to stimulate bactericidal nitric oxide. T1Rs in solitary chemosensory cells detect glucose in airway surface liquid (ASL) and bacterial D-stereoisomer amino acids to regulate antimicrobial peptides. Using differentiated air-liquid interface cultures of primary nasal cells, we show that the T1R3 receptor is also expressed in human and mouse nasal cell cilia. D-amino acids produced at low mM concentrations by Staphylococcus aureus activate T1R3 to decrease ASL glucose and increase apical glucose uptake by increasing GLUT2 and GLUT10 expression through a β-arrestin pathway. Our data suggests that T1R3 localized to cilia functions as an immune detector for D-amino acids to reduce ASL glucose and potentially limit bacterial growth. Given that glucose protected S. aureus against bactericidal NO produced during T2R activation, the reduced ASL glucose with T1R3 activation may also sensitize bacteria to other innate defenses. HIGHLIGHTS Nasal motile cilia express the T1R3 subunit of the sweet taste receptor S. aureus D-amino acids activate cilia T1R3 to enhance mucosal glucose uptake Reduced airway surface liquid glucose likely reduces S. aureus growth Reduced airway glucose also sensitizes S. aureus to epithelial NO production


Based on SSE-CMM, by using risk analysis, the parer gives the method of applying combination computing to the information system's risk. To a certain extent, this method overcomes the unilateralisn and randomicity of the traditional method and improves the accuracy of the risk analysis.The applying outcomes show that this method is simple, utility and has good result. ;;


Abstract This study investigated the structure, storage, distribution, and profitability of marketing fresh clams Galatea paradoxa in relation to harvesting time (dry and raining seasons) and in different locations in Southeastern Nigeria. Our results reveal that the marketing chain starts from the fishers to the consumers, with dealers and retailers as intermediaries. Seasonal fluctuations in supply and trade relationship significantly influence the market. Clam prices were found to fluctuate with size. Prices charged by fishers and dealers were uniform throughout the season. There were significant changes in quantity of clams sold between seasons (P < 0.001) and locations (area of purchase) (P < 0.05). Duncan's Multiple Range Test showed significant differences in weight of clams from clam-producing areas and other locations. The fishery is characterized by a favourable capital-output ratio, as reflected in the marketing margin; with low production cost and cheap, affordable labour. The implications of these findings to clam market organisation, price-quality relationship, food sufficiency, and investment prospect are discussed.


In Vehicular Ad-hoc Network, different messages have different degrees of urgency and have specific requirements on delay and reliability. In this paper, we propose a dynamic priority assignment algorithm based on multi-elements to adapt to the dynamic changes of vehicles and transmit messages in an accurately and orderly manner. A priority is assigned to each message based on static and dynamic factors and size of the message. After a detailed analysis of the allocated priorities, the results show that the algorithm we conceived can quickly and accurately allocate the priority for different kinds of messages based on the characteristics and requirements of them.


The new species Faramea correae C. M. Taylor, FE permagnifolia Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, F sanblasensis C. M. Taylor, Psychotria deneversii C. M. Taylor, P purpureocapitata Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, Rudgea hemisphaerica Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, R. mandevilliifolia Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, and R. mcphersonii Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor are described and illustrated, and the new combination Rudgea panamensis (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor is made based on Cephaelis panamensis Dwyer. During study of material recently collected in Costa Rica and Panama for preparation of the Flora Mesoamericana, the following new species and the need for the following new combination were discovered. The taxa belong to the tribes Coussareae and Psychotrieae. They are arranged here by tribe, and alphabetically within each tribe. Generic characteristics, keys to these genera, and an outline of most of the species with which these new taxa can be confused were presented by Burger and Taylor (1993).


Tribological properties of attapulgite natural mineral powders as lubricating oil additive were studied in the present paper. The orthogonal test design was adopted in tribological tests to research the effects of the four main factors including the applied load, reciprocating frequency, sliding time and concentration of solid powders in oil, on the anti-wear and friction reducing behaviors of attapulgite powders. The contact electric resistance between the tribopairs was measured during sliding to monitor the formation of tribofilm by attapulgite additive. The tribological mechanisms of attapulgite powders as lubricating oil additive were discussed based on the scanning electronic microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) analysis of the worn surfaces. The results indicate that using surface-modified attapulgite powders as lubricating oil additive present excellent tribological properties. A nonconducting tribofilm, containing elements of Si, Mg, Al and O, and on which nano-scale silicate particles are distributed, is found on surface under the lubrication of oil with attapulgite powders. The formation of the tribofilm contributes to the good antiwear and friction-reducing properties. The pecking order about the effects of the four main factors(including the applied load, reciprocating frequency, sliding time and concentration of the solid powders in oil) on the tribological behaviors of the rod-like attapulgite particles as lubricating oil additive is applied load, reciprocating frequency, sliding time and concentration.


the hydrodynamic is been widely used in today's construction machinery and equipment, not only does it transmit the moment but also change it. To the big style of today's construction machinery and equipment, the energy consumption is too high, however, the efficiency is often too low. so we have been trying to improve its efficiency. To this point of interview, it is very important to research the losses of the hydrodynamic transmission. The author of this composition has made a research about this from hydrodynamics point.


An adaptive genetic algorithm for determining the optimum filter coefficients in a recursive adaptive filter is presented. The algorithm does not use gradient techniques and thus is appropriate for use in problems where the function to be optimized is non-unimodal or non-quadratic, such as the mean-squared error surface in a recursive adaptive filter. The mechanisms of the algorithm are inspired by adaptive processes observed in nature. After an initial set of possible filters is randomly selected, each filter is mapped to a binary string representation. Selected bit strings are then transformed using the operations of crossover and mutation to build new "generations" of filters. The probability of selecting a particular bit string to modify and/or replicate for the next "generation" is inversely proportional to its estimated mean-squared error value. Hence, the process not only examines new filter coefficient values, but also retains the advances made in previous "generations". Computer simulations of the algorithm's performance on unimodal and bimodal error surfaces are presented.


New Zealand examples of risk assessment methodology and applications are given for the earthquake-related problems of seismic risk assessment, optional resource allocation and the treatment of older structures, and also for avalanche hazard on a mountain road.


This research focus on prediction of anomalous situations in financial markets. It investigates if the indicator of investors' sentiment can be used to eliminate the factor of irrational behaviour and increase the profits. The overview of existing models for financial crisis forecasting is presented in this paper. Financial and sentiment-based indicators are overviewed and the general classification of both kind of indicators is suggested. The methodology of using investors' sentiment indicator together with different strategies are presented. The simulation of investment to different financial instruments was used in order to test the proposed method. The results show that sentiment based indicator can successfully prevent the investments from losses.


and vice versa, such reflection is imperative. It is crucial to know what role landscape research can play in planning metropolitan landscapes and how concepts from the planning of metropolitan landscapes can be used in landscape research. The introductory chapter to this book raised the questions of whether metropolitan landscapes exist and whether we can plan them. Both questions characterize the difficulty of planning metropolitan landscapes because the underlying assumption is that metropolitan landscapes do physically exist and that they can be defined and planned. Many researchers and planners would agree that metropolitan landscapes exist. However, when asked for criteria to define and delimit them, answers are sparse. In a planning context, the existence of metropolitan landscapes is not the question of concern; rather, the focus lies on discussing and solving problems that occur within an area called the "metropolitan landscape". Therefore, the statement that we can "plan" metropolitan landscapes may find broad agreement too. For planners, however, disagreement might arise concerning the best way to organize a metropolitan landscape. From the perspective of landscape research, the need to plan something requires clarification of exactly what is to be planned and for what purpose, in order to define the possible alternatives.


Flavone and the flavylium ion have been studied at the Hartree–Fock, Moller–Plesset, and B3LYP hybrid density functional level to determine the structure and barriers to internal rotation. Both molecules have a high perpendicular barrier about the single bond connecting the phenyl ring with the benzpyrone and benzopyrylium ring, respectively. In contrast to biphenyl, both molecules have low coplanar barriers. B3LYP overestimates the perpendicular barrier heights compared to the other methods. The dependence of the population and orbital energies on the torsion has been investigated and the structures of both flavonoids have been compared with monohydroxy derivatives. Solvent effects on the barriers have been estimated by means of a reaction field model. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 76: 724–732, 2000


This paper presents a new assembly planner, which is based on stereographical projections of C-Space obstacles. The assembly planner applies the well-known assembly-by-disassembly strategy. The complete geometric feasible AND/OR-graph is built. For testing separability a new very fast approach has been implemented with the advantage of direct hardware support. The entire AND/OR-graph is valuated with respect to two criteria: separability and parallelism. We have generated example assembly plans for realistic industrial assemblies, which are modelled with more than two thousand triangles. Despite the fact of high model complexity, we can achieve reasonable computation times.


Application of the game theory approach to search for the most optimal set of defence computer system software is described on the example of antivirus system and firewall selection.


Mature dendritic cells (DC) secrete substantial amounts of vesicles that are primarily ingested by monocytes, leading to differentiation processes in these target cells towards monocyte-derived DC. During inflammation, murine and human monocytes can develop into dendritic cells (DC), but this process is not entirely understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by mature human DC (maDC) differentiate peripheral monocytes into immature DC, expressing a unique marker pattern, including 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan), Zbtb46, CD64, and CD14. While EV from both maDC and immature DC differentiated monocytes similar to GM-CSF/IL-4 stimulation, only maDC-EV produced precursors, which upon maturation stimulus developed into T-cell–activating and IL-12p70–secreting maDC. Mechanistically, maDC-EV induced cell signaling through GM-CSF, which was abundant in EV as were IL-4 and other cytokines and chemokines. When injected into the mouse skin, murine maDC-EV attracted immune cells including monocytes that developed activation markers typical for inflammatory cells. Skin-injected EV also reached lymph nodes, causing a similar immune cell infiltration. We conclude that DC-derived EV likely serve to perpetuate an immune reaction and may contribute to chronic inflammation.


The performance of a ground-based optical imaging system is severely degraded from the diffraction limit by the random effects of the atmosphere. Adaptive optics techniques have been used to compensate for atmospheric turbulence effects. A critical component in the adaptive optics system is the wavefront sensor. Presently, two types of sensors are common: the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and the shearing interferometer wavefront sensor. In this paper we make a direct performance comparison of these two sensors. The performance calculations are restricted to common configurations of these two sensors and the fundamental limits imposed by shot noise and atmospheric effects. These two effects encompass the effects of extended reference beacons and sensor subaperture spacings larger than the Fried parameter, ro. Our results indicate comparable performance for good seeing conditions, and small beacons. However, for poor seeing conditions and extended beacons, the Hartmann sensor has lower error levels than the Shearing interferometer.


Subungual exocytosis is a common benign bone tumor. It occurs in the distal terminal phalanx and is seen as pink nodules under the free edge of the nail bed. It is common in adolescents and young adults. The lesion becomes symptomatic with mechanical irritation or growth. Pain, nail elevation, deformity and infection can occur. It is mostly found in the first toe. A 16-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with complaints of swelling, pain, and disfigurement of the right foot first toe. On dermatological examination, there was edema, erythema, nail elevation, and a 3-4 mm nodule under the nail of the right foot first toe. Exophytic bone growth was seen in the medial distal phalanx on two-way graphs of the right foot first toe. The lesion was diagnosed as subungal exocytosis and excised by plastic surgery after treatment of the infection. We present our case to discuss the differential diagnosis of subungual exocytosis and emphasize that it can be diagnosed easily.


This paper is based on an evaluation of a mixed mode course called Learning Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations from the Web. The authors discuss the impact of information communication technology (ICT) on the provision of tertiary education and cite the course as an example of how it can be used at the subject level. The course employed ICT in a number of different ways. The introductory part of the course was held in a specifically designed video-conferencing facility that had a range of ICT capabilities. The design of the room is critiqued as is the use that was made of it. Throughout the paper the authors emphasize the point that ICT is a powerful tool for teaching and learning but failure to plan, deliver and assess ICT-based courses on sound pedagogical grounds merely means that poor teaching and learning practices are disseminated more widely and more quickly. On the basis of our evaluation we propose a simple set of questions that can be used to evaluate the best use of ICT in engineering education.


We identified Usutu virus (USUV) RNA in 6 pools of mosquitoes trapped in northern Israel during 2014–2015. These Israeli strains were most similar to strains identified in Senegal and Germany, which further elucidates common ancestry and evolutionary dynamics of USUV. Our findings suggest that human infection with USUV might occur in Israel.


Objective To understand the situation and characteristics of medical disputes through analyzing the 152 cases of medical dispute appraisal in a provincial medical association of the certain region.Met-hods Retrospective investigation analysis WAS carried in the cases of medical dispute appraisal from January 2008 to December 2010.Results In the 152 cases of medical dispute which mainly were identified through the health administration,75% belonged to medical accidents with a majority of the second grade hospitals,in which it had taken full responsibility of 4.39%,with orthopedics and general surgery obstetrics and gynecology as main department.Conclusion The main preventive measures should be on improving the medical staff of self-protection,to enhance the operating norms,and strengthen the medical dispute handling,to improve basic medical and health service level and popularize patients medical safety health knowledge,to a certain extent,reduce from medical disputes and medical accidents.


There was a time not so long ago when the term "managed care revolution" rolled easily off the tongue. The sweeping changes that brought managed care to the forefront of health care organization in the United States, which accelerated so dramatically in the last decade, certainly felt revolutionary, albeit Menshevik in manner to some but more Bolshevik to others. With time came the hint of a Thermidorean Reaction, as the public and numerous elected officials in Washington, DC, and state capitals grew skeptical about the promise and motivation of managed care arrangements—a theme captured in our October 1999 Special Issue on "The Managed Care Backlash." Complaints permeated media coverage that too many Robespierres were sitting at the practice guidelines computers of commercial managed care plans arbitrarily guillotining worthy claims. The backlash, however, has not—at least yet—engendered a true counterrevolution. Instead, the new status quo remains one deeply imbued with all sorts of managed care plans billed as the primary form of insurance coverage for most private-sector and a substantial proportion of public-sector clients. The American Association of Health Plans, with its employer and insurance allies, has so far been successful in its efforts to protect the viability of the emergent regime against the challenge of insurgents, including those novel rebels, physicians. Managed care, in all of its manifestations, is not going to disappear anytime soon, however much plan executives tweak benefit packages in order to escape set pan-


For obtained by annual flowers in extra season we take in study 3 flower species who suited to this multiplication method, certain: Antirrhinum majus, Lathyrus odoratus and Matthiola incana.
Sowing was achieved in 18.11.2003, respectively 2004 for Antirrhinum majus and 27.10.2003, respectively 2004 for Lathyrus odoratus and Matthiola incana. We followed growing and blooming period.


This paper is entitled "The Challenges of Peacebuilding in Matebeleland North and South Provinces. Zimbabwe (1980-2010)." The main objectives of this study include to establish the major factors contributing to failure of peace-building in the Matabeleland North and South Provinces. One of the research questions was what are the major reasons for the failure of peacebuilding and reconciliation processes in these Provinces? The design of the study was qualitative because the topic dealt with emotions and feelings of the people who were involved in the conflict. The research used purposive sampling technique in selecting the majority of respondents. Data was gathered through interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions. The major findings do indicate that the government has not been sincere in peacebuilding efforts and reconciliation was not properly implemented and that the communities in Matabeleland Provinces remain divided. The study concludes that the government has not made any apology for all the killings which were done by government forces. This paper recommends that government should make full acknowledgement of all the killings and compensate the regions affected. In addition, there is need to establish Truth and Reconciliation Commission to handle all the cases of violence.


Aim  Amphibians are a model group for studies of the biogeographical origins of salt‐intolerant taxa on oceanic islands. We used the Gulf of Guinea islands to explore the biogeographical origins of island endemism of one species of frog, and used this to gain insights into potential colonization mechanisms.


A CMOS voltage reference circuit based on sub-threshold MOSFETs is proposed,which utilizes a temperature-dependent threshold voltage,a peaking current mirror and sub-threshold technology.The reference has been fabricated in an SMIC 0.13μm CMOS process with only MOS transistors and resistors.The experimental results show a reference voltage variation of 2 mV for a supply voltage ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 V and 0.8 mV for temperatures from -20 to 120℃.The proposed circuit generates a reference voltage of 140 mV and consumes a supply current of 0.8μA at room temperature.The occupied area is only 0.019 mm~2.


Deltas, the low-lying land at rivers mouths, are sensitive to the delicate balance between sea level rise, land subsidence and sedimentation. Bangladesh and the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD) have been highlighted as a region at risk from sea level rise, but reliable estimates of land subsidence have been limited. While early studies in the GBD suggested high rates of relative sea level rise, recent papers estimate more modest rates. Our objective is to better quantify the magnitude, spatial variability, and depth variation of compaction and subsidence in the GBD in order to better evaluate the processes controlling it and the pattern of relative sea level rise in this vulnerable region.

With support from the Bangladesh Water Development Board, we have rehabilitated previously installed GNSS and installed new GNSS co-located with Rod Surface Elevation Tables (RSET) to better understand the balance of subsidence and sedimentation in the coastal zone in SW Bangladesh, which is less affected by the active tectonic boundaries to the north and the east. The continuous GNSSs installed in 2003 and 2012 were mounted on reinforced concrete building roofs. GPS stations in the area yield subsidence rate estimates of 3-7 mm/y.  To densify the subsidence data, in early 2020 we resurveyed 48 concrete Survey of Bangladesh geodetic monuments in SW Bangladesh that were installed in 2002. Although only measured at the start and end of the period, the time span between the two measurements is ~18 years enabling us to estimate subsidence over this timespan.

Preliminary results show that about ½ the sites yielded very high subsidence rates; repeat measurements confirm the suspicion that the monuments at these sites are unstable and have undergone localized subsidence from settling or anthropogenic activity. The remaining sites show an increase in subsidence from the NW to the SE, consistent with estimates of average Holocene subsidence (Grall et al., 2018). However, rates from the campaign stations are much higher than those from continuous GNSS sites, but only slightly higher than an RSET site. We interpret that the continuous building GNSS omit very shallow compaction-related subsidence, while RSETs neglect deep subsidence. This is further reinforced by results from a compaction meter consisting of 6 wells from 20 to 300 m depth with vertical optical fiber strainmeters in each well. They show a decrease in compaction with depth. While initial results require further investigation, we highlight the importance of multiple methodologies for interpreting subsidence rates--deep, shallow, natural, anthropogenic--in vulnerable delta regions.


In computer graphics, image interpolation is the process of resizing a digital image. Interpolation is a non-trivial process that involves enhancement in sense of efficiency, smoothness and sharpness. With bitmap graphics, as the size of an image is enlarged, the pixels that form the image become increasingly visible, making the image appear "soft" if pixels are averaged, or jagged if not. Image interpolation methods however, often suffer from high computational costs and unnatural texture interpolation. This work intends to give an overview of image Interpolation, its uses & techniques. The paper work is an implementation of Image interpolation of images.


Lori Johnson and Holly Lawson The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act emphasizes accountability and high educa tional standards for all children, including those with disabilities. The 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act is increasingly becoming more aligned with the NCLB standards. This alignment is an impe tus for the possible reclassification of teachers of students who are visually impaired as pro viders of related services. A core message of NCLB is that children with disabilities are gen eral education, not special education, students first. Reclassifying teachers of students who are visually impaired as related-service person nel may serve as a strategy to transfer greater responsibility to general education teachers.


Background: An increasing number of women are offered robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy as treatment for early-stage endometrial cancer in the developed world. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how women diagnosed with early-stage endometrial cancer experienced robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: Semistructured interviews were carried out with 12 women, and interview data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: Four overarching themes emerged: "surgery was a piece of cake," "recovering physically after surgery," "going from being off guard to being on guard," and "preparing oneself by seeking information." The women had confidence in the robotic technique and experienced fast recovery after robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy; however, they had uncertainties and unanswered questions concerning the postoperative course. Shortly after discharge, the women did not consider themselves surviving cancer patients but as cured. The women searched for information from various sources, for example, the Internet and the online patient chart, to prepare for surgery and to come to terms with the diagnosis. Conclusions: Although the women had confidence in the robotic technique and recovered quickly physically, they lacked information about what went on in the operation theatre and about their new anatomy. Implications for Practice: Patient education about the normal postoperative course in regard to vaginal bleeding, bowel function, and level of physical activity is needed. Individualized information about anatomical changes after surgery is warranted, preferably using anatomical drawings. Potentially, the women could benefit from attending a nursing clinic during the first postoperative months.


ADEVELOPMENT linking Sumer with Troy seems a suitable subject of discussion at the jubilee of an Institute dedicated to the Ancient Near East as a whole. Curious objects made at the Bosporus toward the middle of the third millennium B.C. can be understood as the last members of a morphological series which originated five or more centuries earlier in southern Mesopotamia. These objects are the face-urns (Nos. 2528)1 which are among the most characteristic products of the Trojan potter. They are unknown on the Anatolian sites which show ceramic affinities with Hissarlik; and their appearance in the Balkans, at Vinga and at Gumelnitza, for example,2 is so sporadic that it can best be explained as a consequence of Trojan influence. This view is incidentally confirmed by the evidence we are about to discuss; but we are concerned with the significance rather than the origin of the Trojan faceurn. For it is obvious that vessels were decorated with faces at various times and places; they occur, for instance, in preColumbian Peru and as a variant of the English Toby-jug. In Pomerania and Silesia they were made at the beginning of the Iron Age,3 and there they resemble the Trojan examples closely, although the distance in time seems to preclude derivation. Their purpose may also be different, for the East German examples are funerary urns containing the ashes of the cremated dead. The Trojan vessels, on the other hand, were found among the ruins of the city. We cannot be certain of their purpose, but we can establish their religious associations. In doing so we shall underpin the somewhat fantastic opinion of their great discoverer.


The effects of catalyst on the molecular weight, chemical structure, and yellowness of isosorbide-based polycarbonate (ISB-PC) in the melt-transesterification and polycondensation stages were investigated. Results showed that the high steric hindrance and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the endohydroxyl group (endo–OH) of ISB enabled its reactivity to be lower than that of the exohydroxyl group (exo–OH). We also found that the reactivity of endo–OH with diphenyl carbonate can be preferentially activated by strong electrophilic catalysts, and that the configuration of the ISB-PC chain strongly depended on the reactivity balance between endo–OH and exo–OH. Various catalysts with different coordinate capacities, acidity coefficients, and radius of metal ion were further tested. Catalysts with a calcium or zinc ion showed a higher reactivity of endo–OH than exo–OH, resulting in a high glass-transition temperature of ISB-PCs. Results suggested as well that the thermal stability of ISB-PC may be correlated t...


In this volume 19 leading experts offer a timely and coherent overview of the fundamental principles of ecosystem science. They examine the flux of energy and biologically essential elements and their associated food webs in major terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, cultivated land, streams, coral reefs, and ocean basins. In each case, interactions between different eosystems, predictive models, and the application of ecosystem research to the management of natural resources are given special emphasis. A number of theoretical chapters provide a synthesis through critical discussion of current concepts of ecosystem energetics and dynamics.


Background: Clean delivery and clean cord care are used for the prevention of newborn infections, especially tetanus and sepsis.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore neonatal care practices in relation to home delivery in a Jhangad community of Eastern Nepal and to identify a relationship of socio-demographic characteristics of mothers who recently delivered at home with neonatal care practices.
Materials and methods: The Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique was applied. Participants included 162 mothers of the Morang and Sunsari districts of Eastern Nepal who recently delivered newborns.
Results: Of the respondents, 69.1% were illiterate, 82% were wage laborers and 53% were living in a joint family. Clean cord care was found in 79.6% of home deliveries. The stump of the umbilical cord was left undressed in 85.2% of deliveries.
The majority of newborns, 76.5%, were bathed within 24 hours of their birth. About 11.7% of deliveries were conducted on a plastic sheet, 59.9% on an old mat and 28.4% on open ground. Good thermal care was only found in 1.2% of the newborns. Good breast feeding practice was found in 29.6% of the mothers. Roughly 32.7% of mother's breast fed immediately after childbirth and about 60% practiced pre-lacteal feeding.
Conclusion: Delayed wrapping, bathing within one hour, cord application, delayed breastfeeding and pre-lacteal feeding were common high-risk practices in the Jhangad community. Practices concerning home delivery and neonatal care are based on deep-seated traditional beliefs and ignorance.


According to the PRRSV VR-2332 strain nucleotide sequence reported in the GenBank,a pair of primers was designed in order to amplify PRRSV JL/07/SW strain M gene.The M gene of PRRSV JL/07/SW strain had been successfully amplified by RTPCR from the cell cultures of PRRSV Jl/07/SW.The complete M gene had 525 base pairs in length.Then,the M gene had been cloned into plasmid of PGEX-47-1 and transformed into BL21.SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that M protein was about 43 000 and up to 19.8% of the total bacteria proteins.


An experiment was conducted to investigate the differences in cognitive performance and perceptions under road traffic noise and construction noise combined with road traffic noise. Under the conditions with individual noise and combined noise sources, an episodic memory task and semantic task were carried out in the laboratory. The subjects were asked to recall the presented words after the exposure to noises (episodic memory task) and to select the target word when the five words, including the target word and other words, were presented simultaneously (semantic memory task). Subjects also rated perceived annoyance and disturbance to the noise exposure during the experiment. The result showed that the percentage of correct answer significantly decreased with an increase in construction noise in an episodic memory task. In contrast, the semantic memory task was not impaired by the level of construction noise level. This indicates that only the retrieval task with a process of generating the internal cues was affected by the level of combined noise sources. And it was also found that the perceptions of combined noise sources were highly correlated with the result of the episodic memory task.


Secondary education is a crucial stage of the school system. It is a gateway to higher education and a terminal stage for many school leavers who join the world of work. Importance of secondary education is also seen in the context of global competitiveness. The industry, business and service sector demand semi-skilled higher quality of manpower. And secondary education is the single largest supplier of work force to this sector. Therefore, growing demand for secondary education requires a thorough probing into dimensions of access, demand and efficiency of the system. The paper deals with these issues and also how government and non-government sectors are making efforts for the development of secondary and senior secondary levels of education in Madhya Pradesh. Demographic Characteristics Madhya Pradesh is the 2nd largest State in the republic of India, with nearly six per cent of the country's population and stands at 25th position in the level of literacy. The density of population is 196 per square kilometre, with 19 per cent of tribal population. The sex ratio is 920. Out of the total population 26 per cent reside in urban areas and 74 per cent in rural areas. The percentage of scheduled tribe population to total population as per 2001 Census (Census: 2001) works out to 20.27 per cent and the percentage of scheduled caste population to total population is 15.17 per cent. The population of Madhya Pradesh continues to increase at an average annual rate of growth of two per cent per year. Every year nearly 1.4 million people are added into the state's population. Educational Scenario of Madhya Pradesh The Government of Madhya Pradesh recognises the need for faster education development. Their strategies include encouraging investment in education and achieving higher levels of educational development. The State literacy rate as per census 2001 is 63.7 per cent, which is close to the national literacy rate of 64.8 per cent. While the female literacy rate has considerably improved over the last decade, a great disparity persists in the literacy rates of males and females, which is 76.1 per cent and 50.3 per cent respectively. Development of School Education in the State School Education in Madhya Pradesh In Madhya Pradesh the secondary and senior secondary schools are managed in three ways: (a) government schools managed and funded by state education department, tribal welfare department, central government and local bodies; (b) government aided schools managed and funded by government as well as by private providers; and (c) private un-aided schools managed and funded by private providers. Access to Education Access to school education is reviewed at all the levels of education as lower level serves the upper level of education. The expansion of upper-primary level of education depends upon expansion of primary education in the same manner expansion of secondary education depends upon expansion of upper-primary education and visa-versa. The access is assessed on the basis of indicators like proportion of population served with schools by distance, number of schools by per lakh of population, location and gender wise distribution of schools, etc. These indicators reveal the facilities of access to different levels of school education. It is assessed on the basis of the data mentioned in the All India Educational Surveys. According to the Sixth All India Educational Survey by NCERT (1993) distribution of primary schools and upper primary schools within the habitation in Madhya Pradesh were unevenly distributed for all the categories of population, however, the Seventh All India Educational Survey (2002) reveals that the uneven distribution was reduced. During 1993 (sixth survey) there were 85 per cent of primary schools and 31 per cent of the upper-primary schools within the habitation. It refers that there were near about three primary schools for one upper-primary school. …


The paper presents the latest results of research of a new RF amplifier–magnicon, in which the beam is modulated by a deflecting RF magnetic field (no bunching at that). This device was invented and developed at Budker INP as a prototype of a microwave power source for linear electron-positron colliders. The theoretical and experimental studies of physical mechanisms of an output power and efficiency limitation, that allowed to develop the operational version of the magnicon, are described in the paper. In 1995, an output power of 30 MW at an efficiency of 35% and gain of 55 dB was obtained during the tests of this magnicon version. At the end of 1995, improvements of the electron gun were made. The present RF fields non-symmetry in the output cavity will be eliminated in the version that is under way now. The tests of the magnicon version with the above improvements are scheduled to be started in 1996.


civilization ... might have prevailed and produced a different course of conduct."20 By misunderstanding this essential argument of the revisionists, Becker has produced a paper that for the most part is irrelevant to or actually supports their interpretation. In conclusion, Becker has written a confusing and ambiguous paper. His treatment of the iron and steel industry is simplistic and often inaccurate. It certainly does not undermine revisionist scholarship nor lay the basis for a reinterpretation of American foreign policy. If taken seriously, the Becker article can only add to the already acrimonious debate between orthodox and revisionist historians, and thereby retard the state of the art of American diplomatic history.


describes his pioneer clinic for mentally handicapped children at Queen Mary's Hospital for Children at Carshalton, and discusses the role that such a clinic can play in helping both the children and their parents. Now that there has been a change in attitude about the care of subnormal children, there is a need to help parents who decide?or are compelled by lack of other provision?to look after their children at home. Dr. Jack Tizard and Dr. Jacqueline Grad have set out some of the problems faced by parents of retarded children, saying that 'for substantial numbers effective social intervention might have made hospital care unnecessary'. is perhaps some measure of the severe physical and emotional problems facing parents of very handicapped children that 50 of the children waiting for admission to the Fountain Hospital over a two-year period died before they could be admitted. (The Fountain Hospital is now incorporated in Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Carshalton, Surrey.) Parents of retarded children can be greatly helped by the provision of places in training centres, special care units, day hospitals and, in the case of younger children , day nurseries. They also need advice. To some extent, this need may be met by the mental health worker, the health visitor, the general practitioner and the ordinary paediatric clinic. But the usual facilities which exist at the present time are seldom equipped to deal thoroughly with the problem. There is a gradually increasing awareness of the situation , and a number of special clinics have come into being. These are organised by local health authorities, by paediatric units or in connection with psychiatric departments or hospitals for the mentally retarded. There are still few such clinics. Many areas are without one and those which do exist often cope with only limited aspects of the problem. With the general improvement in child health and the virtual disappearance of such problems as polio-myelitis and chronic tuberculosis in childhood, it is reasonable to hope for an improvement in this kind of service for the mentally handicapped, who now represent a large proportion of disabled children. In this connection, it should be noted that handicapped children in some categories now have a better expectation of life. Dr. Cedric Carter has pointed out that the number of surviving mongol ten-year-olds has ?1 group of deaf, disturbed children is given instruction in play at the clinic. They are …


The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has pursued a multi-disciplinary effort to experimentally characterize and computationally simulate the effects of powered descent onto the Europan surface. As part of the proposed Europa Lander technology development and maturation activities, JPL Contamination Control and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) are conducting a test program to characterize monopropellant plume-induced contamination, the preliminary results of which are showcased in this presentation. These measurements have been used in the further development of JPL's computational physics simulations of descent engine plumes interacting with the Europan surface with direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) techniques, and in broader support of contamination control strategies for the proposed Europa Lander mission.


Clinical radiotherapeutic doses are limited by the tolerance of normal tissues. Patients given a standard treatment exhibit a range of normal tissue reactions, and a better understanding of this individual variation might allow for individualisation of radiotherapeutic prescriptions, with consequent improvement in the therapeutic ratio. At present, there is no simple way to describe normal tissue reactions, which hampers communication between clinic and laboratory and between groups from different centres. There is also no method for comparing the severity of reactions in different normal tissues. This arises largely because there is no definition of a "normal" reaction, an "extreme" reaction or the particular term "over‐reactor" (OR). This report proposes definitions for these terms, as well as a simple terminology for describing normal tissue reactions in patients having radiotherapy. The "normal" range represents the individual variation in normal tissue reactions amongst large numbers of patients treated in the same way which is within clinically acceptable limits. The term "OR" is applied to an individual whose reaction is more severe than the normal range but also implies that this forced a major change in the radiotherapeutic prescription or that the reactions were very severe or fatal. A "severe OR" would develop serious problems with a typical radical dose, while an "extreme OR" would have such difficulties at a much lower dose. To describe the normal range, a numerical scale is suggested, from 1 to 5, resistant to sensitive. The term "highly radiosensitive" (HR) is suggested for category 5. An "informal" relative scale, as suggested here, is quick and simple. It should allow comparison between different hospitals, compensate for differences in radiotherapeutic dose and technique and allow comparison of reactions between different anatomical sites. It should be adequate for discriminating patients at the extremes of the normal range from those at the centre. It is hoped that the definitions and terminology proposed here will aid communication in the field of predictive testing of normal tissue radiosensitivity. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 79:606–613, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We propose a node architecture that supports grooming functionality for optical superchannel. And we experimentally demonstrate the add/drop, spectral defragmentation and power equalization functionality on Tbit/s OFDM superchannel.


The invention discloses a multifunctional rearview mirror navigator, which comprises a rearview mirror shell, a touch type rearview mirror lens and a main board, wherein the touch type rearview mirror lens is fixed on the rearview mirror shell; the main board is fixed in the rearview mirror shell; a micro processor is arranged on the main board; a global positioning system (GPS) module connected with the micro processor and a communication module are arranged on the main board; a traveling recorder digital signal processing (DSP) chip connected with the micro processor, a China mobile multimedia broadcasting (CMMB) module, a CMMB external antenna, an audio decoding chip and a single are arranged on the main board; the CMMB module is connected with the CMMB external antenna; a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (CMOS) camera and a horn connected with the audio decoding chip are arranged on the rearview mirror shell; a CMOS camera image processing chip is arranged on the main board; and the traveling recorder DSP chip is connected with the CMOS camera through the CMOS camera image processing chip. According to the multifunctional rearview mirror navigator, multiple functions of recording automobile traveling, watching mobile televisions and the like can be realized; and the inner-automobile space can be saved, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.


This paper describes progress that has been made in the European Commission funded project myCopter on the development of handling qualities requirements for future Personal Aerial Vehicles (PAVs). A generic PAV dynamics model has been developed to permit the simulation of a range of tasks that are representative of a typical PAV commuting role. The model has been configured to provide a number of different response types – with a constant control deflection commanding a constant angular rate, a constant attitude or a constant translational rate. Results from simulation trials with test pilots have shown that, of the response types investigated, the translational rate response is most suited for PAV pilots flying low speed tasks. Ongoing work will identify whether the response types selected with the test pilots remain valid for pilots with reduced levels of training – more akin to those expected for future PAV operations.


The present invention relates to the field of Li / S batteries. More particularly, the invention relates to an active material for the manufacture of an electrode comprising carbon nanofillers dispersed in a sulfur-containing material, the active material being obtained according to a melt-in method. The amount of carbonaceous nanofillers in the active material is 1 to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the active ingredient. The active ingredient according to the invention allows to improve the electronic conductivity of the electrode formulation. Another aspect of the invention is the use of the active material in an electrode, particularly a Li / S battery cathode.


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and composition of litter, tibia, liver and excreta of broiler chicks at different phases using different levels of available phosphorous (Pd) and the enzyme phytase. One thousand and two hundred one-day-Cobb-male chicks were used, distributed in a randomized complete design, using a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of four available phosphorus levels and three phytase levels - 0, 500 and 1,000 FTU phytase/kg of diet with four replications of 25 birds each. The levels of available phosphorus were obtained considering four different availabilities of total phosphorus (Pt), corn and soybean meal (34, 56, 78 and 100% availability). The performance indices were evaluated at the end of each breeding phase and at the age of 42 days. The performance parameters were affected by the reduction in available phosphorus levels in the diets and the reduction of this element to levels below 19% affected negatively the performance and the use of phytase in available phosphorus level reduced in 39% improved the performance of the broilers. In the growing phases, reduction in the available phosphorus content using the phytase enzyme influenced the performance and the litter and bone characteristics.


Monitoring the condition of rotating machines is essential for system safety, reducing costs, and increasing reliability. This paper tries to present a comprehensive review of the previously conducted research concerning bearing faults detection and diagnosis based on what is known as model-free or data-driven approaches. Mainly, two data-driven approaches are discussed, which are statistical-based approaches and artificial intelligence-based approaches. The employed condition monitoring techniques in diagnosing faults in different machinery are also deliberated. These include vibration, motor current signature, and acoustic emission signals analysis as they are widely utilized in condition monitoring based data-driven approaches. The advantages, limitations, and practical implications of each approach and technique are presented. However, it has been concluded that very few studies have adopted the statistical-based approach for bearings health monitoring. Thus, it is advised that more investigations have to be conducted in this regard, and hence it will be our next aim.


Thirty percent of all mutations causing human diseases generate mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs). Recognition and degradation of these PTC-containing mRNAs is carried out by the mechanism known as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Upf2 is a scaffold protein known to be a central component of the NMD surveillance pathway. It harbors three middle domain of eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (mIF4G) domains in its N-terminal potentially important in regulating the surveillance pathway. In this study, we defined regions within the mIF4G-1 and mIF4G-2 that are required for proper function of NMD and translation termination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Upf2. In addition, we narrowed down the activity of these regions to an aspartic acid (D59) in mIF4G-1 which is important for NMD activity and translation termination accuracy. Taken together, these studies suggest that inherent charged residues within mIF4G-1 of Upf2 play a role in the regulation of the NMD surveillance mechanism in S. cerevisiae.


"A decade ago it was rare to have advanced practice providers as part of routine urologic care. Now they're integral and a necessary part of any active urologic practice," says Bradley A. Erickson, MD, MS.


Background. Problems in handling cases of criminal acts of narcotics abuse, namely the emergence of criminal disparities in terms of sentencing, such as in cases of criminal acts of narcotics abuse in Decision Number: 302/Pid.Sus/2022/PN. Tjk and Decision Number 217/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Kla.
Purpose. What are the factors that cause differences in judges' legal considerations in imposing decisions on rehabilitation of perpetrators of narcotics abuse based on Decision Number: 302/Pid.Sus/2022/PN. Tjk and Decision Number 217/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Kla. What are the legal considerations of judges in making decisions on rehabilitation of perpetrators of narcotics abuse based on Decision Number: 302/Pid.Sus/2022/PN. Tjk and Decision Number 217/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Kla.
Method. The research was carried out using a normative juridical approach and an empirical approach. The data used in this study were secondary data obtained from library materials, and field research was carried out by observation and interviews (interviews). The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and juridically and deductively concluded.
Results. the factors that cause differences in judges' considerations in imposing decisions are sourced from the legal system and sentencing philosophy, sourced from judges, and sourced from defendants. The occurrence of disparity is also due to the factor that the Panel of Supreme Court Justices has different legal considerations and the principle of judging themselves so that there is a different application of Articles from Court Decisions of first level and appellate level.: 302/Pid.Sus/2022/PN. Tjk and Decision Number 217/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Kla.
Conclusion. Suggestions in this study are that the Panel of Judges in cases of criminal acts of narcotics abuse should minimize criminal disparities to prevent the development of a negative perspective of society towards the criminal system in judicial institutions.


This book highlights a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at the Ninth International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies (ICACCT-2015) held at Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology, Panipat, India during 2729 November 2015. The book discusses a wide variety of industrial, engineering and scientific applications of the emerging techniques. Researchers from academia and industry present their original work and exchange ideas, information, techniques and applications in the field of Advanced Computing and Communication Technology.


DIATHESIS. IN the history of medicine fashions in ideas and treatment are as prominent as those in dress and laniguage in the outside world; it is not without interest to note how a dominmant principle gradually loses its influence, becomes dormant, and later may raise its head and again become popular, though perhaps modified by the experience of its previous eclipse. In passing it maiy occur to the reader that one of the lessons provided by the study of medical history-a pursuit more in favour with those whose years are mounting up and providing them with the philosophy of experience-is to consider that each fashion, whether new or ancient, though not the whole truth, yet contains some basis of importance worthy of permnanent consideration. In the last century, before bacteriology focused attention on the " seed," importance was mainly laid on the condition of the " soil " in discussing the etiology of disease; and constitution and diathesis then played a piominent part in the current explanations of morbid conditions. John Hunter was followed by Thomas Addison, Thomas Laycock, W. H. Walshe, and Jonathan Ilutchinson in the study of the constitutional factor of man's maladies, and diatheses, or special " persisting morbid proclivities " to particular diseases, such as the strumous and the gouty, were much in vogue.' Although the individual's constitution is not necessarily morbid, the term " constitutional diseases" is now used more commonly than, and is taking the place of, " diatheses." With the revelations of bacteriology attention was for a time concentrated almost exclusi'vely on the exogenous factors of disease -bacteria and protozoa-and diathesis and constitution-the endogenous elements-were cast into the shade, if not ridiculed, as being incapable of demonstration on a plate even microscopically. But the pendulum is now swinging back, and the constitutional or endogenous factors in disease have for some time been studied with the help of anthropological and biochemical methods by Kraus in Berlin, George Draper in New York, and others, among whom the Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford has been pre-eminent in connexion with " the inborn errors of metabolism." R-ecently, as our readers will remember, Dr. Arthur Hurst set out in our columns' the practical applications of the " constitutional factor in disease " in an attractive f6rm. Sir Archibald Garrod, in his philosophical Huxley Lecture on " Diathesis," printed in full in the opening pages of this issuie, uses the term as meaning much the same, though with not quite such a wide m-ieaning, as constitution. He leaves aside the statistical and anthropological method of approachthat formerly employed by Galton and now by Draper in his Constitutional Clinic at the Presbyterian HIospital, New York-and discusses with a wealth of modern instances the experimental method of investigating diathetic disease, pointing out that the experi-


This chapter can be seen as the corollary of the book. The authors summarize the main findings of an ethnography that took five long years in the main bus stations and airport of the country. The four schools of risk perception were placed under the critical lens of scrutiny because of methodological limitations. The current chapter presents a rich empirical research, which though not statistically represented, helps in the expansion of the current understanding of risk perception. The ways risks are conceived in laypeople and experts notably vary. The authors finally found a clear correlation between trauma and risk aversion in professionals while bad working conditions are the preconditions to perceive further risks in laypeople.


The ultrasonic studies are made on nanofluids prepared by dispersion of CuO nanostrips into two transformer oils. The two transformer oils are, old of make 1997 and new of make 2017. The measurements are made for four CuO concentrations and at different temperatures. The measured ultrasonic velocity values are used for calculating ultrasonic parameters like adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (Lf) and acoustic impedance (Z). The intermolecular and the intra molecular interaction studies responsible for the changes in ultrasonic parameter with respect to concentration and temperature are discussed. Thermal conductivity (κ) of the nanofluids is studied as a function of concentration (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 vol%) and temperature (303 K to 343 K). The thermal conductivity is calculated by ultrasonic approach as well as by the transient hot wire method. The transient hot wire method determined thermal conductivity showed a maximum enhancement of 11.21% and 23.42% for the nanofluids prepared using old and new transformer oils respectively. The other obtained results for the ultrasonic parameters and thermal conductivity for the nanofluids are deliberated in this paper.


The term 'systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma (ssSSc)' has been used to designate a rare progressive systemic sclerosis of visceral organs without skin manifestations. A variety of visceral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, heart, and kidney, can be involved. We describe a case of 59‐year‐old female patient with both Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome and ssSSc. She was diagnosed as having ssSSc with Raynaud's phenomenon, anti‐nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti‐topoisomerase antibody positivity, interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, suspected pulmonary hypertension, subclinical oesophageal dysmotility but no skin thickening. She had a history of paroxysmal tachycardia together with Raynaud's phenomenon and exercise‐induced dyspnoea. Electrophysiological study confirmed WPW syndrome with left posterior bypass tract. This case highlights cardiac arrhythmia caused by WPW syndrome as a clinical manifestation of the heart in ssSSc.


Although the use of diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy was banned in 1971, unanswered questions on known and suspected health outcomes and the potential for third-generation effects have persisted. Attempts to address these concerns have been frustrated by the inability to retrospectively confirm DES exposure, by the relative rarity of purported health outcomes, by a lack of understanding of the mechanism or mechanisms through which DES causes adverse effects, and by the perception that investigating this historical exposure has little potential to advance scientific knowledge. Because the immediate danger of continued exposure has long since passed, why should the effects of DES still be studied? Several compelling reasons exist. Perhaps most important, additional information is needed to appropriately counsel persons exposed to DES about the potential effect this exposure has on their risk for cancer and noncancer health outcomes and to develop strategies for risk reduction, early detection, and prevention. Second, DES exposure serves as a model for assessing the potential toxicity of a broad range of compounds that affect estrogen production or metabolism or mimic estrogen action [1, 2]. These compounds, which are widespread in the environment, include some chlorinated organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, herbicides, and pharmaceutical agents. It has been hypothesized that such compounds may contribute directly or indirectly to increasing rates of breast cancer [2] and disorders of the male reproductive tract [3]. Several of these compounds, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dioxin, and methoxychlor (an estrogenic pesticide currently used as a substitute for DDT) have been shown to have reproductive effects similar to those of DES after in utero exposure in rodents [4-7]. The effects of these compounds in humans are less well established. The development of functional assays designed to identify compounds with activity similar to that of DES could streamline the toxicologic evaluation of these environmental estrogenic compounds [8]. Finally, the study of the health effects of DES will contribute to a better understanding of the role of estrogens in normal reproductive development, hormonal imprinting, and carcinogenesis [9]. We summarize the current information about the health effects related to DES exposure and suggest screening guidelines for persons exposed to DES. Methods We identified English-language articles through MEDLINE and CANCERLIT searches and through review of the bibliographies of identified articles. We reviewed all human studies relevant to long-term health effects of exposure to DES. Background Diethylstilbestrol, a synthesized stilbene, was first produced in London by Dodds and associates in 1938. Its biological properties are similar to those of naturally occurring estrogens such as estrone and estradiol-17 , but unlike estrogens, DES was inexpensive to manufacture [10]. Its effectiveness and potency after oral administration were particularly appealing, and DES was used to treat various gynecologic conditions with little reported toxicity [11]. On the basis of the observation that late-pregnancy toxemia, premature delivery, and fetal death in utero were preceded by a premature decrease in urinary estrogen and progesterone levels, Smith and Smith [12] proposed that the lack of hormonal support resulted in compromise of uterine vasculature. They postulated that the administration of stilbestrol would stimulate the release of estrogen and progesterone, restore hormonal balance, and avert or delay complications of late pregnancy. Early clinical reports were received enthusiastically, and DES was subsequently widely prescribed in the United States for the treatment of threatened and habitual abortions [13]. Although it was given primarily to women who had a history of problematic pregnancies, DES was also administered to normal pregnant women. An estimated 5 to 10 million Americans were prescribed DES during pregnancy (DES mothers) or were exposed to the drug in utero (DES daughters and sons) [14]. In 1953, Dieckmann and colleagues [15] published findings from a large clinical trial designed to evaluate the use of DES during pregnancy. On the basis of the analysis of 840 patients given DES and 806 women given placebo, DES was shown to be ineffective in preventing miscarriages and premature births. In a later reanalysis of these data, women exposed to DES were found to have higher risks for miscarriages, premature births, and perinatal death than women given placebo [16]. Other studies also found DES to be ineffective [17-19]. However, when these studies were done, the use of DES in high-risk pregnancies was well established, and physicians continued to prescribe DES for use in pregnancy until 1971 in the United States and until 1978 in Europe [20]. No harmful effects of DES were suspected until 1970, when vaginal clear-cell adenocarcinoma was reported in six young women aged 14 to 21 years [21]. Cancers of this site and cell type had previously been reported only rarely and in elderly women. In a casecontrol study of these young women, Herbst and associates [22] found a strong association with in utero exposure to DES; this finding was soon confirmed in other studies [23-25]. In November 1971, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a drug bulletin that brought attention to the potential adverse effects of DES and banned its use during pregnancy [26]. Pharmacology and Toxicology of Diethylstilbestrol In male humans, DES is rapidly absorbed from the proximal gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma concentrations are reached 20 to 40 minutes after an oral dose. Diethylstilbestrol is lipid-soluble and is readily distributed throughout the body compartments. Elimination is biphasic; plasma concentrations decrease rapidly, then level off after 3 to 6 hours. The half-life for the second phase is 2 to 3 days. Conjugation through glucuronidation with biliary excretion accounts for the early peak in plasma levels. Enterohepatic recirculation of DES after bacterial hydrolysis in the distal colon results in the prolonged plasma levels. Diethylstilbestrol is metabolized through the hepatic microsomal system primarily to dienestrol, and -hydroxydienestrol to epoxide and quinone intermediates, which are thought to be reactive. In rodents, DES metabolism can be increased by compounds that induce the hepatic microsomal enzymes or by DES itself. In humans, DES is primarily excreted in the urine [27-29]. Placental transfer of DES and fetal metabolism in primates have been studied in the rhesus monkey. These studies suggest that DES readily crosses the placenta and that it is conjugated and oxidatively metabolized in the fetus [27]. Metabolism of DES in the fetus has been most extensively studied in mice. In elegant toxicologic in vivo studies, Shah and McLachlan [30] showed that although the placenta appears to serve as a barrier to the passage of DES in mice, DES conjugates are accumulated in the fetal liver and gut, whereas DES is accumulated in the fetal reproductive tract. Oxidative metabolism of DES was identified in vitro in both the male and female fetal genital tract but not in the placenta or fetal liver [31]. Thus, at least in mice, the tissue-specific production of reactive DES metabolites remains a plausible explanation of DES-mediated toxicity. The mechanism or mechanisms through which DES exerts its carcinogenic and other toxic effects remain unclear. Diethylstilbestrol is not mutagenic in the Ames test. However, investigators have observed increased chromosomal aberrations in neonatal mice that were exposed to DES in vivo and increased sister chromatid exchange in cultured human fibroblasts induced by DES [28]. The formation of abnormal or arrested mitotic spindles caused by the disruption of microtubules in embryonic hamster cells has also been seen [28]. Reactive intermediates of the oxidative metabolism bind covalently to DNA and may contribute to DES toxicity [27, 28]. Endo and coworkers [32] reported that rearrangement in the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q+), translocation between chromosomes 3 and 19 (t[3; 19]), and the isochromosome of chromosome 11 (i [11]) were common findings in cell lines from DES-induced uterine adenocarcinoma in neonatal mice [32]. The mechanism by which DES causes vaginal clear-cell cancer in DES daughters has not been clearly defined. Although Waggoner and colleagues [33] found altered expression of tumor-suppressor protein p53 in tumor blocks from patients with cervicovaginal clear-cell cancer and known DES exposure, others have not found mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene or in the ras oncogene [34] (Boyd J. Unpublished data). Cohorts Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol Since the mid-1970s, adverse health effects associated with DES exposure have been defined through continued follow-up and epidemiologic study of several cohorts of persons exposed to DES (Table 1). These cohorts represent unique resources. Given the historic nature of DES use and the difficulty in retrospectively confirming exposure, reconstruction of such cohorts today would be almost impossible. All future studies will in some form stem from these existing cohorts. In interpreting existing data from these studies, it is helpful to review the manner in which these cohorts were assembled and information about the documentation of DES exposure. Table 1. Summary of Existing Diethylstilbestrol Cohorts For the largest cohort, the National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) project, which began in 1974, DES daughters and a comparison group of unexposed women were enrolled at five participating institutions (Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; the Gundersen Clinic, LaCrosse, Wisconsin; and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif


We study a kind of split equality fixed point problem which is an extension of split equality problem. We propose a kind of simultaneous iterative algorithm with a way of selecting the step length which does not need any a priori information about the operator norms and prove that the sequences generated by the iterative method converge weakly to the solution of this problem. Some numerical results are shown to confirm the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed methods.


Bimetallic gold–strontium catalysts were prepared and assessed for the effect of a Sr(II) additive on the catalytic performance of gold-based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination, combined with characterization using N2 adsorption/desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, temperature-programmed reduction/desorption, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optimal catalytic performance is obtained over an Au1Sr(II)1/AC catalyst with acetylene conversion of 87.7% and selectivity for VCM of 99.8%, after 20 h on stream under the conditions of a temperature of 180 °C, a C2H2 gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 762 h−1, and a feed volume ratio HCl/C2H2 of 1.15, which is an increase of 24.3% compared with acetylene conversion of 63.4% after 20 h on stream under the same conditions over a monometallic Au/AC catalyst. It is indicated that the addition of Sr(II) can disperse the Au species well and inhibit carbon deposition on the catalyst surface; the Sr(II) additive can enhance the adsorption of the two reactants, acetylene and hydrogen chloride, on the catalyst and inhibit the reduction of Au3+ to Au0 during the preparation and reaction, consequently enhancing the catalytic activity and long-term stability of gold-based catalysts.


A.J.C. acknowledges for a scholarship from the Brazilian agency CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico). N.M.R.P. acknowledges useful discussions with Jaime Santos and support from the European Commission through the project "Graphene-Driven Revolutions in ICT and Beyond" (Ref. No. 696656) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Financing UID/FIS/04650/2013. The Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) was financed by the Danish National Research Council (DNRF103). N.A.M. is a VILLUM Investigator supported by VILLUM Fonden (Grant No. 16498).


A circuit is described which allows full-wave rectification of from 1.5mV to 5V in amplitude, and from 0 to 200 kHz in frequency. A bridge arrangement is used, with four field-effect transistors connected in the arms of the bridge and switched by the output of a comparator circuit which is used to detect the `zero crossing' point on the input-signal waveform.


The purpose of this study is to find out the Law of Offerings in Weddings According to the Perspective of Islamic Law. This research is a qualitative research. The subjects of this research are residents of Pagutan Village, Manyaran District, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. Collecting data in this study using observation, interviews and documentation. Then this study uses data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and data lever. The results in this study indicate that the customs of the surrounding community are accustomed to the culture of offerings such as the types and functions of offerings such as the offerings of pairs of tarub, offerings of siraman, offerings of midodaren, and finally offerings of Panggih. While the function of the offering itself according to the Javanese community as a form of spiritual negotiation between humans and supernatural powers so that these super natural creatures or essences are not harmful. From the above statement that the tradition of offerings at weddings according to Islamic law is included in the fasid habit. Because it contradicts the verses in the Koran. Therefore, the act of entering into major shirk which is prohibited in Islam can even expel someone from Islam. So, the law of carrying out this ritual of marriage offerings is haram.


Let $M$ be a simply connected spin manifold of dimension at least six, which admits a metric of positive scalar curvature. We show that the observer moduli space of positive scalar curvature metrics on $M$ has non-trivial higher homotopy groups. Moreover, denote by $\mathcal{M}_0^+(M)$ the moduli space of positive scalar curvature metrics on $M$ associated to the group of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of $M$. We show that if $M$ belongs to a certain class of manifolds that includes $(2n-2)$-connected $(4n-2)$-dimensional manifolds, then the fundamental group of $\mathcal{M}_0^+(M)$ is non-trivial.


A new compound,4 [trans 2(thienyl) 2 styryl] pyridine has been synthesized,and characterized by MS,H-NMR,IR,UV and elemental are analysed.The compound has also been theoretically investigated.The calculational results of the compound is consistent with the experimental ends.


Human defensin peptides with antimicrobial properties are classified under antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They are produced by neutrophils and epithelial cells and involved in innate immunity through killing of microbial pathogens or neutralizing bacterial toxins and adaptive immunity by serving as chemo attractants and activators of immune cells. They all are 29-35 amino acids peptides, invariably cationic in nature and belongs to β sheet structure with two or three intra molecular disulfide bonds. Many of them attack their target cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane. They can be roughly categorized into three main classes according to their structural differences: the α defensins, β defensins and θ defensins. Most of the known human defensin peptides with antimicrobial functions have been identified and studied during the last 15 years. As a result of these studies, new knowledge has been acquired into biology and biochemistry. It has become evident that these peptides may be developed into useful antimicrobial additives and drugs. The use of some defensin mimetic peptide as replacement for clinical antibiotics is promising. This review focuses on the current status of some of the main types of human defensin AMPs produced by neutrophils and epithelial cells and discusses its mode of action, the novel antimicrobial functions, molecular characterization, new developments, e.g. recombinant DNA production of defensins in bacteria and transgenic plants, novel applications related to these peptides, and future research paradigms.


Foley, G. (1999). Learning in social action: A contribution to understanding informal education. New York: Zed Books. Gouin, R. (2009). An antiracist feminist analysis for the study of learning in social struggle. Adult Education Quarterly, 59, 158-175. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Muncy, R. (1991). Creating a female dominion in American reform, 1890-1935. New York: Oxford University Press.


ABSTRACT This article reads the early texts of the cult of the Mercian saint, Guthlac, in light of succession to the Mercian throne in the eighth and ninth centuries, considering evidence for the patronage of Guthlac's cult by the Mercian kings Æthelbald (r. 716-57) and Wiglaf (r. 827-9; 830-9). First it provides an overview of materials of the Guthlac cult produced in Anglo-Saxon England, and then it examines the perspectives of the two earliest works, Felix's Vita sancti Guthlaci and the Old English poem, Guthlac A. It then argues for a connection between King Wiglaf and Guthlac, and analyzes the later Old English Guthlac texts within the narrative proposed. This argument offers a new interpretation of ninth-century Anglo-Saxon succession politics as well as a fresh discussion of the composition of Old English literature before Alfred, inviting further enquiry into the origins of Old English prose and verse.


This essay analyses the ways in which the choric figure of Time has been presented in ten major productions of The Winter's Tale performed in Great Britain since the beginning of this century, as produced by the National Theatre, Propeller, Shakespeare's Globe, the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Bridge Project, the Kenneth Branagh Theatre Company, and Cheek by Jowl. They exemplify radically different approaches to the challenge of presenting a classical allegorical figure on the modern stage. If Time would have been portrayed traditionally as an old man wearing a pair of wings and carrying a scythe and an hourglass, some of these emblems have ceased to be readable for present-day audiences. These productions, however, demonstrate that the character can be retained in performance in meaningful and creative ways, using a range of visual and dramaturgical devices. The essay is particularly concerned with the effects of doubling or conflating Time with other major roles, and with how some theatre directors have used the character to highlight the centrality of time as a theme in the play.


The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in seven emerging countries. Past empirical studies have failed to estimate the long run relationship between the variables in these countries, which has created a gap in the literature. Data was collected from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and World Bank Indicator from 1990 to 2017, and the Johansen Fisher Panel Cointegration and Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality Tests were utilised to address the objective of the study. Consequently, the empirical results show that FDI, GDP per capita, growth rate and economic growth have a long run equilibrium relationship. Also, there is an existence of one-way feedback which runs from FDI to economic growth. Based on these findings, this study recommends among others that the policy makers in the emerging countries should ensure the sustainability of the rate of economic growth and embark on more foreign investment-oriented policies that would catalyse further attraction of FDI inflows into their economies. Key words; FDI; GDP; Growth Rate; Long Run Relationship and Emerging Countries JEL Classification: F21, F23, F36, G24


The development history, forming mechanisms, preparation and useful characteristics that are superior to those for the corresponding crystalline alloys and application potential of bulk amorphous alloys were reviewed. Additionally, the recent development of Mg-based amorphous alloys was specially introduced.


A Project manager may execute an appropriate action if a risk assessment identifies a dwindling project. Risk identification focused on recognizing the events which might cause a negative impact on the project outcomes. The paper intended to study how Jordanian Telecommunication companies apply knowledge process to support risk identification and how they cope with and how they promote. The existing empirical study was based upon a sample of (130) respondents composed and drawn randomly from the three Jordanian Telecommunication Companies. The findings show that Jordanian Telecommunication Companies were likely to have a clear vision in how Knowledge Management (KM) processes and impact to achieve Risk Identification (RI) to contribute in Information Technology (IT) project success. They will certainly help both researchers to get a better understanding about the knowledge processes on Risk identification, several recommendations were made and certain directions for future research were highlighted.


Previous evidence has suggested that antipsychotic use may be associated with accelerated cognitive decline in those living with dementia. However, the cognitive effects of long‐term antipsychotic use in community‐dwelling older adults with mild–moderate Alzheimer disease (AD) has not been explored to date.


The basic aim of injectors is to supply a specified amount of fuel to the turbine engine combustion chamber. The fuel should be atomized to the extent which enables its evaporation and helps to produce a homogenous mixture of fuel vapour and air, thus ensuring high efficiency of the combustion process. The article contains the review of methods and diagnostic equipment used in Aviation Overhaul Works (Lotnicze Zak· ady Remontowe) in assessing the suitability of turbine jet as well as turboprop and helicopter engines sprayers. Injectors are evaluated on the basis of their fuel delivery Q(p) which determines the volume of fuel sprayed in the time unit, the spray cone angle �� (p) and the parameter J(p) which describes the asymmetry in the circumferential spray density distribution j(�. ). These parameters are dependent both on structural characteristics of the sprayers as well as on fuel delivery pressure p in the fuel supply pipe. In the standard diagnostic stations, the measurement of fuel delivery Q(p) is carried out only for the two fuel supply pressures, corresponding to the extreme engine ranges, that is the rotational speed of the idle running nbj and maximum rotational speed nmax. Injectors undergo the leak test at the fuel pressure 5 to 10 times bigger than the nominal value. Tolerances adopted by the producers for the measured parameters characterizing the injectors are also presented.


In this article the author gives concrete examples of the contribution of city and rural workers in Stavropol region to restoration of the national economy in 1943-1945. The author reveals the basic directions of organizing work of regional authorities on mobilization of working people for their work. With the use of archival materials all process of regenerative works in various branches of the national economy, their eventual results is investigated. It is stated that labour heroism of Stavropol region population became a primary factor of success in revival of economy by the end of Great Patriotic War.


In this paper,water-borne paints,powder coating as well as high-solid paints were summarized,with a great focus on the introduction of the environmental protection coatings including photocatalysis coating and adsorption coating.In addition,the advancing adsorption-photocatalysis paints were introduced,which has been widely studied in both academic and industry communities.The implement of this new combination paints is believed to bring significant impact on future life of citizens


Micron-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (micro-PIV) is used to measure fluid motion in 30 x 300 micron channels. The results indicate that the no-slip boundary condition may not necessarily hold for hydrophobic surfaces in micro and nanochannels. Micro-PIV is also used to measure AC electrokinetic flow. Microscale mixing can be induced by precisely controlled 20 micron vortices. Finite element simulations are used to show that these vortices can be used in Bio-MEMS to enhance receptor/ligand binding on functionalized surfaces by a factor of four to six. SLIP FLOW BACKGROUND At the macroscopic level, it is well accepted that the boundary condition for a viscous fluid at a solid wall is "no-slip", i.e. the fluid velocity matches the velocity of the solid boundary. While the no-slip boundary condition has been proven experimentally to be accurate for a number of macroscopic flows, it remains an assumption that is not based on physical principles. In fact, nearly two hundred years ago Navier (1823) proposed a general boundary condition that incorporates the possibility of fluid slip at a solid boundary. Navier's proposed boundary condition assumes that the velocity, w u , at a solid surface is