Human pose recognition is a current research hot spot, which aims to detect the information of human joints, orientations and scales from images or videos and predict the specific pose of the human body based on all the key point information. Benefiting from the rapid evolution of deep learning, target detection algorithms based on convolutional neural networks have achieved breakthroughs in both accuracy and efficiency. On the basis of detailed literature research and analysis, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the research progress of human pose estimation. Specifically, we mainly introduce the classification of human action poses and the methods of human action pose recognition, including the design ideas, basic framework and advantages and disadvantages of representative recognition methods. Finally, we summarize the main challenges and give an outlook on the future research development of object detection.


Preservation of and open access to digital scientific resources are essential to global research, yet the challenges in storing and maintaining access to these collections are substantial. China faces major hurdles in this regard. A workshop held in June 2004 in Beijing convened scientific information managers, digital archiving experts, national science policy and funding officials, and representatives of development organizations to explore the scientific and technical, legal and policy, institutional and economic, and management aspects of creating sustainable and accessible archives of digital health and environmental data in China.


TFF3 molecule is a cyto-protective factor in gut,which plays a major role in the maintenance of the mucosal integrity and the repairing of injuried epithelia.NF-κB is a multi-functional transcription factor,participating in the regulation of immune response,inflammation reaction,cell division,cell apoptosis,and carcinogenesis.Researches disclosed that TFF3 and NF-κB play an important role in the development of gastric cancer mediated by gastric inflammatory cytokines and associated factors,for example,IL-8,vessel endothelial factor et.Further research on TFF3 and NF-κB associated with inflammatory disease and cancer and their relationship will provide a new potential target for clinical treatment to inflammatory disease mediated cancer.


Spherical mesoporous silica particles with entrapped metal nanoparticles are synthesized from a one-step aerosol-assisted self-assembly process using sols of an alkoxysilane, ethanol, surfactant, water, HCl, and metal precursors (e.g., salts or complexes). Utilizing nitrogen as a carrier gas, the sol is sent through an atomizer, producing aerosol droplets, which are passed through a tubular furnace heated to 400 °C. Solvent evaporation from the droplets enriches the nonvolatile components and results in the coassembly of silicate and surfactant into 3-dimensional mesostructures with incorporated metal precursors. Lamellar, cubic, and hexagonal mesostructures are achieved by using different surfactants. Subsequent calcination of the surfactant and reduction of the metal result in spherical mesostructured porous silica particles with supported metal nanoparticles. Nitrogen sorption techniques, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction are used to characterize the ...


The daytime sky brightness is measured in multiple bands over the full celestial sphere at multiple times in order to establish baseline nominal conditions for radiometric link budget estimates as well as to compare spectral responses against theoretical black body estimates. The magnitude and frequency of scattering and aerosol impacts causing variances from benign low scattering profiles are compared against various common MODTRAN profiles with an investigation into the measurements' correlation to the models' outputs. BACKGROUND Sky brightness is an important limiting factor for daytime space domain awareness (SDA.) As is evident from the limiting value of the Charge Coupled Device (CCD) Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) equation, the large daytime background flux densities will cause the following limiting


Electron spin resonance spectra of 2-substituted prop-2-yl radicals have been obtained. The substituents reported herein are phenylthio, phonoxy, benzyl, ethylthio, ethoxy, and n-propyl groups. Spectra were not obtained for phenylthio- and ethoxy-substituted radicals. It has been elucidated that α-heteroatoms greatly delocalize the odd electron. The mechanism of heteroatom-participation is discussed. Time dependency of intensities of signals in ESR spectra has revealed a qualitative order of the lifetime of these free radicals.


Increased quantities and nature of solid waste has led to the need for proper disposal landfill to avoid environmental and health impacts. This study assessed problems of dumpsite in Dar es Salaam with the aim to improve the environment, health and the socio-economic status of the inhabitants. Data were collected by questionnaire, interview, field observations and laboratory analyses. Results showed that 79.6% of respondents had basic knowledge on solid waste, 72% and 98% had understanding of risks on exposure and environmental impacts of poor disposal, respectively. Identified environmental problems include odour, fire eruption, dust, water contamination, litter and pest outbreak. Groundwater was slightly acidic with pH range of 5.67-7.40, high COD range of 127-659 mg/l, iron range of 0.09-1.09 mg/l and coliform level beyond WHO and Tanzania limits for drinking water. Health problems include injuries, diarrhoea, skin and respiratory diseases, and malaria. In order to attain sustainable development, measures should be taken to reduce negative human impacts and enhancing ecosystem services, at least to develop the site by putting cells, leachate and gas management mechanisms, daily soil cover, fence and waste scavenging plan.


The influence of different pesticide concentration on the changes and enrichment sites of pesticide residues in the bagged fruit of melon varieties Jinyu and M135 were studied. The bagged and no bagged fruits were sprayed with different dilutions of Carbendazim and Dichlorovos(DDVP)and the residues were to determine by GC and HPLC. On the 1st and 5th day after spraying,the residues of Carbendazim and DDVP in fruits reached to the highest,the highest value was 0.599 mg·kg-1 and 0.786 mg·kg-1,respectively. The pesticide residues showed different trends with the changes of pesticide concentration. Pesticide residues were mainly concentrated in the epicarp. Carbendazim residues in epicarp accounted for 70.4%,DDVP for 38.8%. The experiment showed that the effect of bagging on the different pesticide concentrations was not the same. Bagging of fruit can play a good barrier for high concentration spray but less effect to the low concentration spray. The distribution of pesticides residues in fruit was related to nature of the chemicals.


Researching the content of the issue of professional and pedagogical mobility, we note the following. At the present stage of development of modern society, the problem of professional and pedagogical mobility is especially relevant. It is characterized by the growth of intensive and progressive changes in society, covering all spheres of human life, including the professional sphere. For a modern specialist to be successful and necessary, he must be mobile, ready for changes, able to quickly adapt to changing conditions, that is, he must be professionally mobile. Great importance is attached to the consideration of professional and pedagogical mobility as a pedagogical category. Concepts such as "mobility", "professional mobility", "pedagogical" are analyzed. On the basis of research and supplementation of these concepts there is a problem of independent understanding of professional and pedagogical mobility as a characteristic of the individual, which is reflected in the process of professional activity, readiness to develop, self-structuring and adapt to changes in the changing professional environment. The article clarifies the need to create a personal professional image, to organize and implement practical activities to get closer to this person, to detail the main steps for reorganization in connection with the changing conditions of the professional and pedagogical environment.


To quantify the effects of surface conduction behind the slip plane on the electrokinetic transport properties of colloids, we have extended the thin-double-layer theory of Fixman for dilute sols of spherical particles. The computations show that it causes the static conductivity and the low-frequency dielectric response of the sol to increase and the mobility of the particles to decrease. Hence, the occurrence of surface conduction significantly changes the relationships between the different electrokinetic properties. Therefore, for a rigorous interpretation of experimental results taking possible effects of surface conduction adequately into account, it is imperative to collect data with more than one electrokinetic technique. For polystyrene latices, a comparison between theory and experiment has been made. The mobility and static conductivity data can be well reconciled if surface conduction is accounted for. The corresponding estimates of surface charge densities agree very well with values obtained by independent measurements. However, the extreme dielectric behaviour of latex colloids cannot be attributed to surface conduction.


Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we have conducted an in situ study of the room-temperature growth of Ag structures on a Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface. By observing the STM images at various Ag cover...


We can understand social responsibility of enterprises from different angles. In the view of demand,enterprises' development,demand of consumers and other factors influence the degree of social responsibility of enterpris-es. In view of supply,economic strength,scale,culture,supply-chain management of enterprises are elements influencing the implementation. In the author's opinion,the best input for social responsibility of enterprises is the point where their marginal earnings are equal to marginal cost.


The article presents the DEA method. This method is used to assess the efficiency of socio-economic systems. The features of its application for oil and gas companies are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are described. The features of selecting the model parameters are described.


Background: Hysteroscopy has revolutionized the field of Gynecology and the management of many gynecological conditions. It has now become a standard part in the diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding by the gynecological surgeons. Cost, convenience, accuracy, and patient acceptability of these procedures are clearly superior to those of traditional surgeries. As gynecologists have grown better acquainted with the benefits and techniques of operative hysteroscopy, it has become the method of choice for treatment of intrauterine pathology.
Cervical ripening is a complicated process, being mediated by cytokines, growth factors, hormones and other biochemical compounds.
Both dinoglandin and Misoprostol can be used for cervical ripening before introduction of hysteroscopy and hence reduce the incidence of complications.
Objects: This study aims to assess the efficacy of dinoprostone compared to misoprostol in cervical ripening in nulliparous women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy.
Methodology: a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing dinoprostone versus misoprostol for cervical ripening before diagnostic hysteroscopy in nulliparous women, it included 2 groups, 33 patients each. In the first group named (group D) dinoprostone 3 mg was applied vaginally 6 hours before diagnostic hysteroscopic procedure while in the second group named (group M) 400 mcg misoprostol was applied vaginally at the same timing.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups that received misoprostol or dinoprostone with regard to age, duration of marriage, medical disorder, history of gynecological operations and type of gynecological operations. However, the use of misoprostol caused slightly less pain compared to dinoprostone but more side effects occurred with the use of misoprostol.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference between dinoprostone and misoprostol in priming of cervix before diagnostic hysteroscopy in nulliparous women regarding ease of hysteroscope entry, pain or side effects.


Purpose: The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) classified autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by difficulties with socialisation and communication, and with restricted interests and repetitive behaviour. The wide range of symptom types and severity of the disorder in children with ASD can range from the need for support to the need for substantial support, and sometimes even very substantial support. This paper examines an augmented reality toy application, AR Toys, which supports social communication of children with ASD, and reports on how the application was used in school classrooms. Method: AR Toys was evaluated by seven children in an Autism Centre in Melaka, Malaysia. The analysis focused entirely on observation of the interactions between children and teachers at the school. Results: It was found that AR Toys were able to: (1) motivate children with ASD on adaptive language; (2) model expressive language to identify a child's emotion; and (3) promote pretend play on learning emotion in classroom activities. This gives children with ASD more opportunities to communicate among peers and interact with teachers at school. Conclusion: Human Computer Interaction (HCI) research using AR technologies shows positive feedback in supporting children with ASD in recognising emotions that facilitate their social communication development, leading to better understanding, communication and engagement between teachers and children.


The food industry appreciates the complexity of applying the new Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) in labeling. The industry is prepared to update food labels to reflect new nutrient recommendations and views upcoming changes as an opportunity to harmonize nutrition information across the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005, MyPyramid.gov, and the food label. Members of the Grocery Manufacturers Association are unanimous in their belief that the food label be as useful to consumers as possible. This article raises discussion points, issues, and implications associated with implementation of the new DRIs on the food label.


Probe arrays used to measure transient radio-frequency impedance in ion cyclotron resonance heating experiments often give erroneous results. This problem is analyzed and the results are given. A system composed of directional couplers and four probes is proposed to improve the accuracy of the measurements.


This work aims to present an evolution of a continuous model for short channel double-gate junctionless transistors, where the saturation velocity is included and model validation is spread to different doping concentrations, channel widths and shorter channel lengths. A long channel charge-based model for double-gate devices is used as a basis for the development of this model. To consider the short channel effects, the proposed model accounts for the influence of the drain bias in the channel potential, the reduction of the effective channel length in saturation regime and the saturation velocity effect for short channel transistors. Three dimensional numerical simulations will be used to validate the model.


We show that a Calogero-Sutherland type model with anharmonic interactions of fourth and sixth orders leads to the matrix model corresponding to branched polymers. We also show that by suitably modifying this model one can also obtain N-particle problems which are connected to matrix models corresponding to the pure gravity phase as well as corresponding to the transition point between the soap bubble and the branched polymer phase.


Title and abstract are the two most searched and used parts of an article by scholars from within the field and others alike. Thus, it is important to use terms that can be understood by a broader audience, while addressing the fundamental elements that the reviewers typically want to know about a paper. The importance of a carefully crafted abstract cannot be overemphasized because the online search engines of bibliographic databases typically list the title, authors, and abstract of a paper. Some search systems still use key words but most scan the title and abstract for these words or phrases. The abstract frames the 3Ps of an article—Purpose, Procedure, and Principal findings (Craig, 2010; Koopman, 1997; Michaelson, 1990). For the author, preparing the abstract is a beneficial exercise as it helps strip away the peripheral information to expose the central purpose, process used, and the most significant contributions. For the editors and reviewers, it helps set the tone for the manuscript. Once the article is published, a carefully crafted abstract may encourage or discourage potential readers toward the full paper. Michaelson (1990) observed that "when properly written, the abstract becomes a definitive piece of writing for both author and reader, but when it is poorly written, both are at a disadvantage" (p. 31). Crafting an effective abstract is not simple. In a few sentences, using succinct phrases that weave in key words, the author must convey the crux of the manuscript and entice the reader to the rest of the paper. The word limit of the abstract is specified by the journal, and for FBR the limit is 100 words. The abstract of an empirical article will read quite different from that of a theory building or a review article. In addition to using the abstract of a previously published paper as a template for your abstract, valuable guidance can be found in sources such as the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2009), Huff (1999), and Michaelson (1990). In selecting an exemplar abstract of a recently published article in FBR, we shortlisted five that we found to be effective using our measure of clarity of purpose, procedure, and principal findings and ran this shortlist by FBR's editorial team. While each abstract had some notable elements and none was found perfect on all dimensions, the following abstract by Lungeanu and Ward (2012) was the most well received by our team because of its "clarity in describing with few targeted words the addressed phenomenon, conceptual lenses adopted, methodology used, and key result". Further appreciated was the fact that it "gets to the point right away," "follows the logical structure of the paper," is "more precise with regard to the findings," and "explains the contents of the article in a fairly straightforward way." However, it was noted that the wording could be streamlined further and the last sentence could be more informative. This article brings together research on philanthropy, family business, and governance to examine patterns of giving by U.S. family versus nonfamily independent foundations. The authors use a sample comprising the 200 largest U.S. independent foundations in 2007 to show that family foundations are more focused in their grant making than nonfamily foundations. Board size moderates this relationship. They also offer a new typology of family foundations to show that the generation stage of the family and the foundation board's composition are associated with different levels of grant making diversity in family foundations but in dissimilar ways. Scholarly and practical implications are discussed. Through a long review process, authors, reviewers, and editors can overlook a manuscript's title and abstract,when everyone's attention is focused on the details of the paper's revisions, and they can come to be mismatched with the paper's content.Once a paper is at the Minor Revision or Acceptance stage, the author should check to see whether they need to be changed. They will be read and scrutinized more frequently than the paper itself, and so it is important that they reflect the paper accurately and favorably.


A new species of Thyasira (T. methanophila n. sp.) is described from a methane seepage area off Concepcion, Chile (~36oS) at bathyal depths. This species shows affinity with other southern ocean species placed in the subgenus Maorithyas . The gross anatomy of the type species of Maorithyas , M. marama Fleming, 1950, is described for the first time. There are no gross anatomical differences in the ctendia, foot and gut, between the above taxa, which suggest that there are no differences anatomically between species living at seeps and species living in other environments. Furthermore, wider comparison of the shells suggests that the subgenus Maorithyas cannot be supported, as the differential characters grade into those of Thyasira . Scanning electron microscopy of the ctenidium, of T. methanophila , revealed filaments with closely packed bacteriocytes each with dense aggregations of small rod shaped bacteria each about 0.5 mm in length. The bivalve is assumed to be highly dependent on the symbiotic relationship. A second thyasirid was recorded from worn valves only and is assigned to the genus Conchocele . The material is too fragmentary to describe but was compared with C. bisecta and C. novaeguinensis.


For investigating plasma ion nitriding process, we used two kinds of metals as an objective material ; titanium and an austenitic stainless steel (SUS304). We observed the D.C. glow discharge morphology and also investigated the nitriding situation of metal surface with X-ray diffraction analyses. We measured Vickers hardness of nitrided surfaces.Titanium was able to be nitrided if we only elevated the temperature of specimen and wherever we placed it (as cathode or anode) or exposed it into positive column of the glow plasma. On the other hand, SUS304 was nitrided only when we placed it as a cathode. It is necessary for SUS304 to remove oxide film from the surface. It is concluded that role of plasma in nitriding process is to facilitate removal of the oxide film by means of sputtering.


Basal plant immune responses are activated by the recognition of the conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or breakdown molecules released from plants after damage by pathogen infection, so-called danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). While chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS), a primary component of the fungal cell wall, is most known as PAMP, plant cell wall-derived oligosaccharides, cello-oligosaccharides (COS) from cellulose and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) from hemicellulose, are representative DAMPs, which activate signaling steps similar to PAMP-induced immunity to elicit defenses and provide protection against pathogens. In this study, elicitor activities of COS prepared from cotton linters, XOS prepared from corn cobs as well as chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS) from crustacean shells were comparatively investigated. In Arabidopsis, treatment of COS, XOS or CHOS triggered typical defense responses such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activation of MAP kinases phosphorylation, callose depositions, and activation of the promoter for defense-related transcription factor WRKY33. When COS, XOS and CHOS were used at concentrations with similar activity in inducing ROS production and callose depositions, CHOS was particularly highly potent in activating the MAPK kinases and WRKY33 promoters. Among the COS and XOS with different degrees of polymerization (DP), cellotriose (DP3) and xylotetraose (DP4) showed the highest activity for the activation of WRKY33 promoter. Simultaneous treatment of COS, XOS and CHOS leads to a strong transcriptional change for defense-related genes, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of RNAseq data revealed that a mixture of three oligosaccharide (oligo-mix) effectively activate the plants disease resistance. In practice, treatment of the oligo-mix enhanced the resistance of tomato to powdery mildew, but plant growth was not inhibited but rather tended to be promoted, providing evidence that mixed oligosaccharides have beneficial effects on improving disease resistance in plants, making them a promising class of compounds for practical application.


The important role in the performance of agricultural enterprises in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Russian Federation managing is given to diversification mechanisms aimed at expanding the business profile and solving social problems of the industrial and agricultural technological chain. Researchers and practitioners focus on the necessity of more fully exploit the potential of rural settlements, a function of the population which can be not only performing traditional activities in the production and processing of crop and livestock products but provide services tailored to regional market requirements, revealing the problem of diversification. The theoretical and methodological justification of the scientific basis for the formation of a mechanism for managing the diversification of enterprises in a competitive environment is made in accordance with the practical orientation, the result of which was to identify the features of managing the diversification of industry enterprises in conditions of increasing competition. The study of foreign and domestic experience and current trends in the development of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation allowed determining the key features of the sabotage management mechanism in our country. The results of the evaluation of the potential industrialagricultural complex of Central Chernozem region are taken as the basis for the development of a mechanism to manage the diversification of agribusiness in the Voronezh region, determining the favorable and unfavorable factors and promising trends of diversification of regional enterprises in livestock, crops and aquaculture. The results of the rating assessment suitability of European regions in Russia for joint agricultural and agro-tourism activities, monitoring trends of industry enterprises, tools and methods of state support for the development of domestic tourism are the basis for developing recommendations for improving the mechanism for managing the diversification of the research object in the aspect of creating conditions for agricultural tourism, characterized by expanding the profile of its activities and ensuring the strengthening of competitive positions. The project is developed to create an agricultural estate, the success rate of which is estimated as high.


Strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit but exhibits a limited postharvest life due to rapid softening and decay. A strawberry coating that is natural and safe for human consumption can be used to improve the appearance and safeguard the fruits. In this study, 20% and 40% Aloe vera gel alone or in combination with 1% lemongrass essential oil (EO) was used as an edible coating for strawberries. After application of all the treatments, the strawberry fruits were stored at a temperature of 5 ± 1 °C at a relative humidity (RH) of 90%–95% for up to 16 days and all the parameters were analyzed and compared to control (uncoated fruits). The results show that A. vera gel alone or with lemongrass EO reduced the deterioration and increased the shelf life of the fruit. Treatment with A. vera gel and lemongrass EO decreased acidity and total anthocyanins and maintained fruit firmness. Treatment with A. vera gel 40% + lemongrass EO 1% led to the lowest weight loss, retained firmness and acidity, but increased the total soluble solids and total anthocyanins compared to uncoated fruits during storage of up to 16 days. The phenolic compounds of A. vera gel were analyzed by HPLC, and the most abundant compounds were found to be caffeic (30.77 mg/mL), coumaric (22.4 mg/mL), syringic (15.12 mg/mL), sinapic (14.05 mg/mL), ferulic (8.22 mg/mL), and cinnamic acids (7.14 mg/mL). Lemongrass EO was analyzed by GC–MS, and the most abundant compounds were identified as α-citral (neral) (40.10%) ꞵ-citral (geranial) (30.71%), γ-dodecalactone (10.24%), isoneral (6.67%), neryl acetal (5.64%), and linalool (1.77%). When the fruits were treated with 20% or 40% A. vera gel along with 1% lemongrass, their total phenolic content was maintained during the storage period (from 4 to 8 days). The antioxidant activity was relatively stable during the 8 days of cold storage of the fruits coated with A. vera gel combined with lemongrass EO because the activity of both 20% and 40% gel was greater than that for the other treatments after 12 days of storage in both experiments. Moreover, all the treatments resulted in lower numbers of total microbes at the end of the storage period compared with the control treatment. This study indicates that the use of Aloe vera gel with lemongrass EO as an edible coating considerably enhances the productivity of strawberry fruits and the treatment could be used on a commercial scale.


Network security is the focus research in the field of network management at present,according to the BP neural network's threshold and connection weights optimization problems,this paper put forward a BP neural network which parameters are optimizing by swarm intelligence algorithm and are applied in network security.Firstly,the biogeography-based optimization algorithm is improved to speed convergence speed,and then biogeography-based optimization algorithm is used to select the threshold and connection weights of BP neural network,finally the network intrusion data set are used to test its validity and superiority.The results show that,the biogeography algorithm can quickly find the optimal he threshold and connection weights of BP neural network,improved network intrusion detection rate,and can protect the safety of network system.


The most preferred route of drug administration for systemic delivery of drugs is oral route. More than 50% of drug delivery systems available in the market are oral drug delivery systems. These systems have the obvious advantages of case of administration and patient acceptance. One would always like to have ideal drug delivery systems that will possess two main properties, It will be a single dose for the whole duration of treatment and it will deliver the active drug directly at the site of action. Olmesartan medoxomil buccal adhesive tablets could be formulated using the drug and hydrophilic mucoadhesive polymers such as carbopol 934P, HPMC K15M, CMC sodium, xanthan gum and chotosan in different ratios. Among all the formulations F1 showed satisfactory results for swelling behaviour, mucoadhesive strength and maximum drug release profile for 12 hours in a controlled manner. Drug release kinetic result reveals that all the formulations follow zero-order kinetics and Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The olmesartan medoxomil buccal adhesive tablets may be a good way to bypass the extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and to improve the bioavailability of olmesartan through buccal mucosa.


An analysis is presented of 17 patients in whom the diagnosis of tuberculosis was made at thoracotomy for suspected lung cancer. The maximum age incidence was between the fifth and eighth decades, being more common in men. Tuberculin test was positive in all the patients. Roentgenograms of 14 of the 17 patients, most of whom were asymptomatic, revealed solitary pulmonary nodules. The radiologic features and conventional bronchoscopy were not helpful in distinguishing tuberculosis from carcinoma of the lung. Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, adhesions, caseous material and lesions between two to three centimeters in diameter were common operative findings. The posterior segment in upper lobe lesions and the posterior basal segment in lower lobe lesions were commonly involved. There was minimal postoperative morbidity, no mortality, and excellent long term follow-up without any complications.


Nisin is a natural and safe biological preservative which has great potential in cosmetics and food industry. However, the low thermostability of nisin at high pH limits its commercial applications. In this study, the effect of CaCl2 on the stability and antimicrobial activity of nisin was studied. The results showed that CaCl2 has a strong protective effect on nisin at weak acid environment (pH of 4.0-6.0) and heat treatment. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the crystalline particles of nisin increased size and decreased peak and a stable structure was formed by CaCl2 with nisin. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) presented that CaCl2 led to the temperature of initial (T5) and complete decomposition (T95) of nisin increased by 8 °C and 13 °C, respectively, and enhanced the thermostability of nisin. The result of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed that CaCl2 could promote the formation of hydrogen bonds and increase the stability of proteins. The changes of secondary structure of nisin with CaCl2 was revealed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. At pH 4.0, the proportion of α-helix, β-sheet and β-turn were same as to that of pH 2.0 without CaCl2. At pH6.0, the proportion of secondary structure changed a little by heat treatment. This indicated that the addition of CaCl2 protected the secondary structure of nisin.


NH3 was used as molecular probe to monitor the nature of both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites as well as co-ordination sphere of Ti(IV) centres in Ti-grafted MCM-41 by means of FTIR, DR UV-Vis-NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopies. A bare MCM-41 sample was also studied for comparison. Diffuse reflectance UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy was used to investigate both electronic and vibrational properties of Ti-MCM-41. The UV–Vis region (55 000–14 300 cm−1) gave information on the co-ordination of Ti(IV) ions and the NIR region (14 300–4000 cm−1) on overtones and combinations of fundamental modes of surface OH and adsorbed NH3 falling in the medium IR (MIR) region. Significant effect related to the anarmonicity of the oscillators were observed. MCM-41, after calcination at 550 °C in O2, exhibits only isolated Si–OH groups (fundamental νOH stretching band at 3745 cm−1, overtone at 7321 cm−1 and combination of stretching and bending modes at 4530 cm−1). Ti-containing MCM-41 shows, besides isolated Si–OH groups, OH groups likely close to Ti Lewis acid sites (fundamental at 3725 cm−1, overtone at 7300 cm−1 and combination of stretching and bending modes at 4530 cm−1). NH3 was used as molecular probe to study the acidity of such materials by analysing the vibrational features of adsorbed ammonia in the NIR and MIR region. FTIR spectroscopy also revealed that the Bronsted groups are sufficiently acidic to protonate some ammonia molecules, to produce ammonium ions. DR UV–Vis and photoluminescence studies of Ti-MCM-41 revealed the presence of Ti(IV) Lewis sites in tetrahedral co-ordination, which, by the insertion of NH3 molecules, enlarge the co-ordination sphere from tetrahedral to octahedral.


A modified manometric apparatus has been used for the experimental determination of surface-transfer coefficient values, used for the design calculations of various mass-transfer equipments, for the absorption of carbon-dioxide gas in saturated lime solution in presence of different types of surfactants. An analytical expression has been derived for estimation of the volume of gas absorbed, using the manometric data, for different times of absorption. The rate of gas absorption was found to remain constant initially for about 1 min and thereafter decreased with the progress of absorption time. Surface-transfer coefficient values for gas absorption have been calculated using the experimental data of the volume of gas absorbed, without and with the addition of different concentrations of surfactants to the lime solutions. For a particular surfactant, surface-transfer coefficient values were found to decrease with an increase in the concentration of surfactant in solution. The calculated values of the surface-transfer coefficients for different surfactants are in close agreement with those reported in the literature.

Un appareil modifie manometrique a ete utilise pour la determination experimentale de la surface de transfert de valeurs de coefficient, utilise pour les calculs de conception d'equipements de transfert de masse differents, pour l'absorption du gaz carbonique en solution de chaux saturee en presence de differents types de tensioactifs. Une expression analytique a ete etablie pour l'estimation du volume de gaz absorbe, en utilisant les donnees manometriques, a differents moments de l'absorption. Le taux d'absorption du gaz a ete trouve a rester constant d'abord pendant environ 1 min, puis a diminue avec les progres des temps d'absorption. Surface de transfert de valeurs de coefficient d'absorption du gaz ont ete calcules en utilisant les donnees experimentales du volume de gaz absorbe, sans et avec l'ajout de differentes concentrations de tensioactifs pour les solutions de chaux. Pour un tensioactif particulier, la surface de transfert de valeurs des coefficients ont ete trouves a diminuer avec l'augmentation de la concentration de tensioactif dans la solution. Les valeurs calculees des coefficients de transfert de surface pour differents tensioactifs sont en accord avec ceux rapportes dans la litterature


Vehicular big data is anticipated to become the "new oil" of the automotive industry which fuels the development of novel crowdsensing-enabled services. However, the tremendous amount of transmitted vehicular sensor data represents a massive challenge for the cellular network. A promising method for achieving relief which allows to utilize the existing network resources in a more efficient way is the utilization of intelligence on the end-edge-cloud devices. Through machine learning-based identification and exploitation of highly resource efficient data transmission opportunities, the client devices are able to participate in overall network resource optimization process. In this work, we present a novel client-based opportunistic data transmission method for delay-tolerant applications which is based on a hybrid machine learning approach: Supervised learning is applied to forecast the currently achievable data rate which serves as the metric for the reinforcement learning-based data transfer scheduling process. In addition, unsupervised learning is applied to uncover geospatially-dependent uncertainties within the prediction model. In a comprehensive real world evaluation in the public cellular networks of three German Mobile Network Operator (MNO), we show that the average data rate can be improved by up to 223% while simultaneously reducing the amount of occupied network resources by up to 89%. As a side-effect of preferring more robust network conditions for the data transfer, the transmission-related power consumption is reduced by up to 73%. The price to pay is an increased Age of Information (AoI) of the sensor data.


The Upper Famenian – Lower Visean Kamsko-Kinel Troughs System control numerous oil fields within the Volga-Urals province.Due to high degree of exploration mature these throughs are considered to be of little promise for prospecting additional remarkable oil reserves. By modern 3D seismic surveys Upper Devonian pinnacle reefs were located along inner part of the Mukhanovo-Erokhov through southern margin. Reef small sizes (0.2-0.3 km2) and considerable depth occurence (more then 3.0 km) were the causesor their missing by seismic 2D before. Upper Devonian basinal isolated reefs are significant exploration play for oil and gas within Kamsko-Kinel Throughs System. 3D seismic is an exclusive technique for effective mapping of small-sized and deep-seated oil&gas bearing isolated reefs. Tectonic swells are foremost areas for prospect reefs groops


The resonance Raman spectra have been obtained on radiolytically and chemically prepared halogen derivatives (chloro‐, bromo‐, 2.5 dichloro‐, tetra chloro‐, and tetra bromo‐) of p‐benzosemiquinone radical anion. Excitation is in the moderately intense absorption band at 430–460 nm. All Raman spectra show a strongly resonance enhanced and polarized line corresponding to a vibrational frequency of 1590–1620 cm−1 which is assigned to the Wilson phenyl mode 8a (CC stretch). A number of weaker lines are also observed and their assignment discussed. The electronic transitions in resonance are identified as 2B3g–2B1u (in D2h point group) in view of the resonance Raman band intensities. This supports the assignment by Harada based on ASMO CI calculations which has recently been in dispute.


The popularity of Internet-based instant messaging services (e.g. MSN messenger, ICQ) is rapidly increasing. Due to the huge number of mobile subscribers, there is a real demand to provide such a service to mobile clients. In order to do so, there is a need to keep track on both the presence and the locations of the participating clients. That is, each subscriber must be always aware about the whereabout of all the other members in its group, and who are the active members at any given moment. A mobile instant messaging (MIM) service is expected to provide to its members an improved, easy-to-use inter-group connectivity, and to support advanced services such as a conference call, a multicast message, and a group search, in an efficient manner. A method for handling an instant messaging service for mobile users over a cellular infrastructure is developed in this study. The main focus is on tracking the presence and the locations of the participating members in an efficient manner, and on the wireless cost of providing advanced group services, such as multicast messages and a conference call, to the group members.


Career awareness and career preparation have a close relationship with each other and have a great influence on motivation, learning outcomes and job opportunities of students after graduation. Therefore, these are important issues that need to be studied and clarified. This study focuses on analyzing the career awareness and career preparation of 431 psychology students at a number of universities in the South of Vietnam. The study used the survey method by questionnaire, the scales in the questionnaire were designed by the research team. Student's career perception is considered in terms of: perception of job position, workplace, career values and career standards. Research results showed that the career awareness of psychology students is still limited, and their preparation for a career is incomplete. There is a strong positive correlation between career awareness and career preparation of psychology students. Research results indicate that educational institutions and lecturers need to pay more attention to raising career awareness for psychology students, thereby promoting students' career preparation.


In this paper were shown results of drinking water study of 3 Gobi provinces of Mongolia. The study was conducted in the frame of joint project ldquoThe influence of global warning to Mongolian environmentrdquo, which realized by specialists of the MUST, Miyakonojo National College of Technology, Japan.


Reversible logic has become very promising for low-power design using emerging computing technologies. A number of good works have been reported on reversible combinational circuit design. However, only a few works reported on the design of reversible latches and flip-flops on the top of reversible combinational gates and suggested that sequential circuits be built by replacing the latches and flip-flops and associated combinational gates of the traditional irreversible designs by their reversible counter parts. This replacement technique is not very promising, because it leads to high quantum cost and garbage outputs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of designing synchronous sequential circuits directly from reversible gates using pseudo Reed-Muller expressions representing the state transition and the output functions of the circuit. We present designs of arbitrary synchronous sequential circuit as well as practically important sequential circuits such as counters and registers. It is found that our direct designs save 1.54%-49.09% quantum cost and 51.43%-81.82% garbage outputs than the replacement design approach suggested earlier.


Microencapsulation of flavor is an essential technology of enclosing liquid flavor compounds in a carrier matrix to provide protection against the loss of flavors and degradative reactions during food processings. In this review, two encapsulation techniques were discussed; molecular encapsulation in cyclodextrin and microencapsulation by spray drying. Cyclodextrins can include various molecules into their hydrophobic structural cavities to form inclusion complexes. The presence of water is essential for the formation of inclusion complexes between cyclodextrins and guest molecules. There exists a minimum number of water molecules required for inclusion to occur. The release of the encapsulated flavors was markedly dependent on the relative humidity, indicating that water is also an essential factor for release. The retention of flavors during spray drying was dependent on the size of emulsion in the feed liquid. The rate of release and the rate of oxidative reaction were markedly influenced by the relative humidity. This implies that the storage stability of the powders has intimate relations with the changes of matrices structure of the particles, and the glass transition temperature of wall matrices. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was proposed for investigating the cross sectional structure and the release behavior of flavor emulsions in spray dried particles.


Defects that arise due to violating a prescribed order for executing statements or executing a disallowed sequence of statements can be hard to detect since the sequence is often spread over multiple functions and source code files. In this dissertation, we develop a verification tool which uses a sound and precise static analysis to verify temporal specifications that can involve multiple objects. Statically analyzing properties that involve multiple objects requires two separate abstractions; one that abstracts the objects in the program and the second which abstracts the state of a group of objects. We present two such abstractions. Objects are abstracted using a storeless heap abstraction. This provides flow-sensitive tracking of individual objects along control flow paths and precise may-alias information. The state abstraction leverages the object abstraction to abstract the state of a group of related objects. We prove these abstractions to be sound with respect to the concrete operational semantics of tracematches, the AspectJ construct that we use to specify temporal properties. We use the IFDS algorithm, an interprocedural, context-sensitive and flow-sensitive data flow analysis algorithm, to implement an analysis that computes the object and state abstractions. Since the original IFDS algorithm is not directly suitable for domains involving objects and pointers, we develop four extensions to the original IFDS algorithm. We present results of an empirical study to measure the precision of the analysis. For the selected benchmarks and tracematches, the analysis successfully confirms 42% of the test cases to not violate the specified property. Overall, the analysis guarantees that 89% of statements of interest that could be violations are not. The performance of the analysis is improved through the use of two types of method summaries. Callee summaries guarantee that using the summary instead of flow-sensitive analysis of the callee does not degrade the precision of the abstraction at the callsite for the callee. For further performance gains, caller summaries that make conservative assumptions for aliasing between parameters of a function call are used. We present results from empirically evaluating the use of these summaries for the object analysis. The results show that although caller summaries may theoretically reduce precision, empirically they do not. Furthermore, on average, using callee and caller summaries reduces the running time of the object analysis by 27% and 96%, respectively. Finally, to make the analysis practical for use in the development life cycle, we present a verification tool to configure the analysis and visualize the results. The tool provides a number of configuration options to run the analysis. The analysis results are presented in a list displaying statements flagged as possible violations of a property and, for each violation, the sequence of events (statements) that lead to this violation.


Classification and prediction are two important terms in data warehouse. The term classification denotes the class of object, and the term prediction is use to predict the result based on analysis. These both terms are equally responsible for data analysis. There are various issues which effects classification and prediction. This paper summarizes the issues and various techniques related to classification and prediction. There are four important techniques discussed in paper, they are Decision Tree, Bayesian Classification, Back Propagation and Nearest Neighbor Classification. Paper also discussed current research done by researchers.


Ground deformation measured from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data is considered a sign of volcanic unrest, statistically linked to a volcanic eruption. Recent studies have shown the potential of using Sentinel-1 InSAR data and supervised deep learning (DL) methods for the detection of volcanic deformation signals, toward global volcanic hazard mitigation. However, detection accuracy is compromised from the lack of labeled data and class imbalance. To overcome this, synthetic data are typically used for fine-tuning DL models pretrained on the ImageNet dataset. This approach suffers from poor generalization on real InSAR data. This letter proposes the use of self-supervised contrastive learning to learn quality visual representations hidden in unlabeled InSAR data. Our approach, based on the SimCLR framework, provides a solution that does not require a specialized architecture nor a large labeled or synthetic dataset. We show that our self-supervised pipeline achieves higher accuracy with respect to the state-of-the-art methods and shows excellent generalization even for out-of-distribution test data. Finally, we showcase the effectiveness of our approach for detecting the unrest episodes preceding the recent Icelandic Fagradalsfjall volcanic eruption.


The introduction of expressions for early childhood needs to be done, because the child's mood will greatly affect the learning process and of course it is closely related to children's learning outcomes. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how much influence the use of animation media has on the recognition of children's expressions in group B at Sabbihisma 2 Ulak Karang Kindergarten. This type of research is a quantitative research with an experimental method with a one group pre-test post-test design model. Data collection techniques in the form of tests, observations, and documentation. The population in this study were all students of Kindergarten Sabbihisma 2 Ulak Karang, with a total of 66 students, the sample in this study were 18 children, 9 children in class B2 and 9 children in class B3. The data analysis used is the normality test, homogeneity, t-test, and also the effect size. The results showed that the experimental class using animation media obtained an average value of 17.56 while in the control class using emoticon card media it was 15.56. Thus the animation media has a significant influence on the recognition of children's expressions in Sabbihisma 2 Ulak Karang Kindergarten


STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE FEEDING LEVEL ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBERTY AND THE FIRST BREEDING SEASON IN TWO GREEK SHEEP BREEDS, THOSE OF CHIOS AND KARAGOUNIKI. A TOTAL OF EIGHTY FEMALE LAMBS WERE USED, WHICH HAVE BEEN BORN IN TWO CONSECUTIVE EXPERIMENTAL YEARS, 1984 AND 1985. THE EWE LAMBS OF EACH YEAR WERE ASSIGNED TO TWO GROUPS, WHICH GREW ON DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES. DURING THE GROWTH PERIOD, THE LEVELS OF INSULIN, THYROXIN (T4) AND TRIIDOTHYRONIN (T3) IN THEBLOOD SERUM WERE MEASURED. OESTRUS WAS DETECTED DAILY BY TEASER RAMS AND THE OVARIAN ACTIVITY WAS MONITORED BY PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED TWICE WEEKLY. PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL PROFILES AROUND SECOND PUBERTAL OVULATION WERE ALSO DETERMINED BY DAILY BLOOD SAMPLING AND OVULATION RATE WAS ASSESSED BY LAPAROSCOPY AT FOUR DEFINED OESTRUS CYCLES. ALL THE EWES LAMBS OFBOTH EXPERIMENTAL YEARS WERE BRED AT THE SECOND EXPERIMENTAL YEAR%%%%ΜEΛEΤΗ ΤΗΣ EΠΙΔΡΑΣΗΣ ΤΟΥ EΠΙΠEΔΟΥ ΔΙΑΤΡΟΦΗΣ ΣΤΑ ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΙΣΤΙΚΑ ΤΗΣ ΗΒΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣΠΡΩΤΗΣ ΟΙΣΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΠEΡΙΟΔΟΥ ΣE ΔΥΟ EΛΛΗΝΙΚEΣ ΦΥΛEΣ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΥ, ΤΗΝ ΧΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΚΑΡΑΓΚΟΥΝΙΚΗ. ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΥΝΟΛΙΚΑ 80 ΘΗΛΥΚΑ ΑΡΝΙΑ, ΠΟΥ EΙΧΑΝ ΓEΝΝΗΘEΙ ΣE ΔΥΟ ΣΥΝEΧΟΜEΝΑ ΠEΙΡΑΜΑΤΙΚΑ EΤΗ 1984 ΚΑΙ 1985. ΟΙ ΑΜΝΑΔEΣ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΘE ΠEΙΡΑΜΑΤΙΚΟΥ EΤΟΥΣ ΧΩΡΙΣΘΗΚΑΝ ΤΥΧΑΙΑ ΣE ΔΥΟ ΟΜΑΔEΣ ΣΤΙΣ ΟΠΟΙEΣ EΦΑΡΜΟΣΘΗΚΑΝ ΔΙΑΦΟΡEΤΙΚΑ EΠΙΠEΔΑ ΔΙΑΤΡΟΦΗΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ, ΟΠΟΤE ΚΑΙ ΜEΤΡΗΘΗΚΑΝ ΤΑ EΠΙΠEΔΑ ΤΗΣ ΙΝΣΟΥΛΙΝΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΘΥΡΟΞΙΝΗΣ (Τ4) ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΤΡΙΙΩΔΟΘΥΡΟΝΙΝΗΣ (Τ3) ΣΤΟ ΑΙΜΑ. H ΩΟΘΗΚΙΚΗ ΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΤΗΤΑ ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΘΗΚE ΜE ΑΝΑΛΥΣEΙΣ ΠΡΟΓEΣΤEΡΟΝΗΣ ΣΤΟ ΑΙΜΑ ΔΥΟ ΦΟΡEΣ ΤΗ ΒΔΟΜΑΔΑ EΝΩ ΚΑΘΗΜEΡΙΝΑ ΓΙΝΟΤΑΝ ΑΝΙΧΝEΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΟΙΣΤΡΩΝ ΜE ΚΡΙΟ. ΣΤΟ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ ΜEΤΑΞΥ ΤΩΝ ΔΥΟΠΡΩΤΩΝ ΟΙΣΤΡΙΚΩΝ ΚΥΚΛΩΝ ΜEΤΡΗΘΗΚΑΝ ΚΑΘΗΜEΡΙΝΑ ΤΑ EΠΙΠEΔΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΓEΣΤEΡΟΝΗΣ ΚΑΙΤΗΣ ΟΙΣΤΡΑΔΙΟΛΗΣ ΣΤΟ ΑΙΜΑ, EΝΩ ΣE ΟΡΙΣΜEΝΟΥΣ ΟΙΣΤΡΙΚΟΥΣ ΚΥΚΛΟΥΣ ΣΤΗΝ EΝΑΡΞΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΟ ΜEΣΟ ΤΗΣ ΟΙΣΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΠEΡΙΟΔΟΥ, EΞEΤΑΣΘΗΚΑΝ ΟΙ ΩΟΘΗΚEΣ ΜE ΛΑΠΑΡΟΣΚΟΠΗΣΗ. ΟΛEΣ ΟΙ ΑΜΝΑΔEΣ ΟΧEΥΤΗΚΑΝ ΣΤΟ ΔEΥΤEΡΟ ΠEΙΡΑΜΑΤΙΚΟ EΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΜEΤΡΗΘΗΚΑΝ ΟΙ ΑΝΑΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΙΚEΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΙΚEΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΑΠΟΔΟΣEΙΣ.


A convenient and eco-friendly procedure is described for the efficient preparation of a variety of α-acetyloxyphosphonates from their corresponding α-hydroxyphosphonates using acetic anhydride under microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent.


Aim. To study the correlation of serum persephin with clinical, instrumental and biochemical indicators of brain damage and with an adverse outcome in critically ill newborns.Materials and Methods. The study included 44 critically ill newborns. Blood samples were collected on the 1st and 7th day of life. Brain injury was assessed by recording Apgar score, depression of consciousness and brainstem reflexes in unsedated patients over 7 days of life, convulsions, neurosonographic signs of cerebral edema, serum protein S100B on the 1st and 7th day of life, and using indicators of adverse neurological outcome. The correlation of serum persephin on the 1st and 7th day of life with signs of brain damage was evaluated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U-test.Results. No statistically significant correlation was found between the concentrations of serum persephin on the 1st and 7th day of life and Apgar score (p = 0.721 and 0.222, respectively), depression of consciousness and stem reflexes (p < 0.05), convulsions (p = 0.673 and 0.432, respectively), cerebral edema (p = 0.737 and 0.558, respectively), and serum protein S100B both on the 1st day (p = 0.095 and 0.475, respectively) and 7th day of life (p = 0.988 and p = 0.775, respectively). Further, there was no statistically significant association of the serum persephin on the 1st day of line with an unfavorable outcome (p = 0.294). Yet, we revealed an association of serum persephin on the 7th day of life with an unfavorable outcome (p = 0.013), with a cut-off point of 828 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 39%, and a specificity of 100%.Conclusion. Persephin has poor diagnostic and prognostic significance for assessing the severity of brain damage in critically ill newborns. The obtained data on the correlation of the concentration of persephin for 7 days with an unfavorable outcome are doubtful due to the lack of data on its correlation with signs of severe brain damage.


We present nonuniform vacuum black strings in five and six spacetime dimensions. The conserved charges and the action of these solutions are computed by employing a quasilocal formalism. We find qualitative agreement of the physical properties of nonuniform black strings in five and six dimensions. Our results offer further evidence that the black hole and the black string branches merge at a topology changing transition. We generate black string solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory by using a Harrison transformation. We argue that the basic features of these solutions can be derived from those of the vacuum black string configurations.


Within the framework of the sine‐Gordon model of a long Josephson junction, we have calculated a threshold value of bias current density which admits capture of a fluxon by an effective potential well generated by a step of inductance in the junction. Along with a kinematic approximation, a nontrivial dynamical correction is found. We have also calculated analytically energy emitted by a fast fluxon moving past the step.


Nymphs of the grasshopper Camnula pellucida (Scudder) were reared successfully to the adult stage on the chemically defined synthetic diet used for Melano-plus bivittatus (Say). Effects of wheat-germ oil, two fractions of wheat-germ oil (neutral lipid fraction and phospholipid fraction), and lecithins on growth, development, and survival of M. bivittutus and C. pellucida were studied. Experiments showing enhanced growth and development of both these species of grasshoppers, after the addition of phospholipid fraction of wheat-germ oil in the synthetic diet, were confirmed by incorporating commercially available phospholipids, as phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol (which are constituents of wheat-germ oil), in the synthetic diet. As growth could occur on diets lacking special gustatory substances but containing only essential nutrients, the apparent improvements in growth and development of nymphs on diets containing phospholipids were attributed to enhanced palatability of the diet. The effects...


Objective: Developing an herbal antifungal formulation containing eruca and garlic oils against highly resistant dermatophytes ( Malassezia fufur AUMC No. 5173, Microsporum canis bodin AUMC No. 5490 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes AUMC No. 5501. 5501) and assessment of garlic oil thiosulfonates during the ex vivo percutaneous permeation through albino rat skin. Methods: Assay of antifungal activity was performed by filter paper disc method and agar well diffusion method. The components of volatile constituents and fixed oil of eruca seeds were studied using GC/MS. Thiosulfinates in garlic oil were analyzed by HPLC/UV. Both oils were incorporated into hair cream using span 60 and brij 58 at three different concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w) and alliin, was ex vivo evaluated using albino rat skin mounted on Franz diffusion cells. Results : The two oils have a synergistic effect on the first and additive effect on the second and the third fungi. The main constituents in eruca are 4-(methyl thio) butyl isothiocyanate (82%) for volatile constituents and erucic acid (40%) for the fixed one. The highest flux for alliin (0.337±0.0015 mg/cm 2 /hr) was obtained at a 4% surfactant concentration. Conclusion: Combination of oils has a high activity on the selected dermatophytes. Formulation of an herbal hair cream using span 60 and Brij 58 with a concentration 4% gives the highest permeation rate for alliin in garlic oil . Keywords: Eruca, Garlic, Dermatophytes, Quantitative determination and Ex-vivo permeation


Part I 1. Representative Politics and the Advent of Organized Parties 2. Theories of Party Systems 3. Party Systems in the Abstract 4. Parties as Organizations Part II: Rallies and Parties 5. Exceptional Leaders and Democratic Order 6. The Experience of Rally Politics 7. Rally Politics in France since 1940 Part III: Politics within Parties 8. Conflict and Competition within Parties 9. Conflict within the French Socialist Parties 10. Conflict in the Congress Party of the Uttar Pradesh 11. Sectionalism and Intra-Party Conflict 12. The Stability of Parties 13. Conclusion Footnote References. Table I. India National Congress: Membership Figures of Uttar Pradesh Unit, 1961-1966.


The sociocultural composition of executive boards has a long-term relevance for the success of their companies and their organisation's internationalisation. Companies must weigh the possible advantages of having employees from different cultural backgrounds against possible inefficiencies caused by cultural misunderstandings. Using on Upper Echelon theory and Social Capital theory we hypothesise that cultural diversity has a positive effect on internationalisation success. We used the "Blau Index" to calculate cultural diversity and measured internationalisation success as the level of internationalisation, a common success measure in internationalisation studies. Data were generated from companies' annual reports. SMT members' citizenships were additionally validated by internet-based business-oriented social networks. Controlling for team size and company size effects did not change our conclusions. Using a panel analysis, this article examines the effect of the level of cultural diversity in the boards of the DAX30 companies on their success in internationalising. Complementing previous studies, a slight but significant positive correlation is evident, assuming that a higher internationalisation success can be found in firms having a culturally diverse senior management team. Our study reveals a positive correlation between cultural diversity in SMTs and internationalisation success. The results of our study might serve as a good reason for adapting the social structures of German SMTs to the firms' economic reality. Furthermore, it may encourage the legislative body to reexamine the German Corporate Governance regulations from an international perspective. Future research could investigate this correlation on a broader basis and reinforce our argumentation, possibly by including cultural studies. 15


The role of English courts in reviewing the substance of administrative decisions (as opposed to the procedure by which such decisions are made) has traditionally been confined by the Wednesbury doctrine, which permits judicial intervention only if the decision is unreasonable or aberrant. The European Court of Human Rights, however, adopts a more intrusive approach to substantive review which is founded on the principle of proportionality. This article examines the likely implications of the Human Rights Act 1998 for substantive review in the English courts. Two specific issues, concerning the scope of the proportionality test in English administrative law, are considered. First, is the proportionality principle's impact likely to be felt beyond the human rights context such that it may, in time, wholly displace the Wednesbury doctrine? Secondly, given that intending claimants under the Human Rights Act must satisfy a stricter test of standing than claimants for judicial review, must litigants who wish to question the legality of administrative action on human rights grounds but who are unable to satisfy the Act's standing requirement rely on the orthodox principle of Wednesbury review, rather than on the more incisive proportionality test?


ABSTRACT Human error in medicine – medical error – has been identified as the third leading cause of death within the United States. Analyses of deaths attributable to medical error conclude that faulty communication plays a central role in medical error. Patient handoffs, the transfer of patient care from one medical professional to another, are frequently occurring behavioral events in healthcare settings where communication accuracy is vital. The medical industry looks to lessons learned from other highly technical, risk-inherent industries such as aviation; they have created a training package called TeamSTEPPS® to address medical error. Among such initiatives, a fundamental challenge is the objective measurement of specific, critical skills. Behavior science offers a robust history of objective behavioral measurement and assessment, and virtual reality (VR) provides a measurement-rich platform for assessing behavior in simulations. The replacement of in-person (Direct) simulations with VR lacks validation research. The present study evaluated the validity of using VR simulations in healthcare education to measure and assess critical skills identified by the TeamSTEPPS® framework for healthcare professionals during simulated patient handoffs.


Based on the analyses of microbial-pollution origins and critical control points during slaughtering and processing of the livestock, methods to control and prevent microbial contamination were drawn out in order to increase the hygiene quality of the meat product and to insure the food safety.


A new mechanism of cosmic magnetic field generation is discussed. Neutrinos asymmetrically emitted by rotating black holes scatter on protons and produce a proton current which generates the magnetic field. It is shown that this mechanism can in principle produce a seed field sufficiently strong to account for present galactic fields.


A seroma is a collection of fluid which can occur beneath the skin flaps after any form of mastectomy or in the axillary dead space after axillary dissection. The aim of this retrospective study was to find out the incidence of postoperative seroma and to see if its frequency is altered by perioperative treatment with tamoxifen or nodal status of the axilla. Method


77Background: In the field of curative treatment for localized prostate cancer, HIFU (High Intensity Focused ultrasound) is one of salvage option after EBRT(external beam radiation therapy) failure and EBRT is the standard salvage option for local relapse after HIFU.Our aim was to compare and evaluate the oncologic outcomes between HIFU first + salvage EBRT versus EBRT first +salvage HIFU. Methods: Using a matched pair analysis, 342 Patients (171 in each group) treated between 1994 and 2014 in the same institution were prospectively followed and matched to a 1:1 basis. Outcome measurements: Overall Survival Rate(OSR), cancer specific(CSSR) and metastasis free (MFSR) survival rates were the primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints were survival rate free of hormone therapy (HTFR) and the rate of side effects Clavien score ≥ 3. Results: Mean follow-up were 114 and 124 months for HIFU+ S-EBRT and EBRT + S-HIFU respectively. At 7 years from the primary treatment , the MFSR were significantly better after HIFU f...


ObjectiveTo study the possibility of the liver histioid construction through co-culturing hepatocytes and sinusoidal vessel endothelial cells (SVECs) on hyaluronic acid(HA) scaffold.MethodsHepatocytes and SVECs of a mouse were isolated respectively, and then were cultured successively in HA scaffold. The scaffold-cell complexes formed later were implanted onto the surfaces of liver in the mouse. After 2 weeks, the implants were taken out for HE staining and compatibility evaluation.ResultsThe isolated hepatocytes and SVECs were vigorous. The implants inosculated well with liver tissue of the host with visible growth of blood vessels in the implants. The hepatocyte aggregation grown around the vessels, the liver-like tissue, were observed.ConclusionIt is feasible to construct liver histioid through co-culturing hepatocytes and sinusoidal vessel endothelial cells on hyaluronic acid scaffold.


Dye-dispersing titania gel films were prepared by the sol–gel method using titanium alkoxide solutions containing xanthene dyes, i.e., fluorescein, eosin Y, rhodamine 110, and rhodamine 123. Dimerization of the xanthene dyes in the films, depending on their concentrations, and their photoinduced electron transfer processes to the titania gels were investigated using spectroscopic and photoelectric techniques. The dye having a higher dimerization constant in solution formed a higher amount of the dimer in the titania gel. There was only a slight difference between the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of the monomer and dimer. The titanium species were coordinated to the carboxylate of the dyes. The dimers as well as the monomers were encapsulated in the narrow spaces of the gel films and strongly interacted with the surrounding titania matrix in the dye-dispersing titania gel films. The dye having a more nucleophilic carboxylate oxygen could easily form the coordination complex with the titanium species. The dye–titania interaction played an important role in the electron injection from the dye to the titania conduction band.


. For a positive square-free integer m , let K = Q ( √ m ) be a real quadratic field. The relative class number H d ( f ) of K of discriminant d is the ratio of class numbers O K and O f , where O K is the ring of integers of K and O f is the order of conductor f given by Z + f O K . In 1856, Dirichlet showed that for certain m there exists an infinite number of f such that the relative class number H d ( f ) is one. But it remained open as to whether there exists such an f for each m . In this paper, we give a result for existence of real quadratic field Q ( √ m ) with relative class number one where the period of continued fraction expansion of √ m is 6.


Continuous rigid frame bridges almost dominate in the span of 100 m to 300 m. Firstly, this paper summarizes the application status of bridge health monitoring system on various bridges at home and abroad in recent years, and analyses the main research directions and existing problems. It is found that there are not too many technical obstacles in the hardware aspect of bridge health monitoring system with medium span at present. But how to reasonably use the data collected by the system to evaluate the bridge structure is the next task to be focused on. Finally, some opinions on the research trend of continuous rigid frame bridge health monitoring system are put forward.


The ketogenic diet, introduced by Wilder in 1921, and is used in the treatment of children with pharmacotherapyresistant epilepsy [1]. Seizure management with dietary therapies was documented as far back as Hippocrates, who described body 'purification' with fasting to treat patients with seizure disorders [2]. Despite its long history of clinical use, it is still not clear how the diet affects the brain and what the mechanisms are which underlie its seizure-suppressive action [3, 4]. Fifty million people in the world have epilepsy, and there are between 16 and 51 cases of new-onset epilepsy per 100, 000 people every year [5]. Approximately, 22.5% of patients with epilepsy have drug resistant epilepsy in a community-based study in southern France [6]. Patients with drug resistant epilepsy have increased risks of premature death, [7] injuries, psychosocial dysfunction and reduced quality of life [8, 9]. The International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) had developed a global consensus definition of drug-resistant epilepsy [10]. This definition is based on the observation that if complete seizure control is not achieved with trials of appropriate antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the likelihood of success with subsequent regimens is much reduced [11, 12]. Most individuals who develop epilepsy will respond to pharmacologic treatment, however, approximately 20–30% will develop medically refractory epilepsy [13]. For this population, 'alternative or non-pharmacologic treatments such as dietary therapy can be highly efficacious and should be seriously considered.


Epilepsy often starts during childhood and has a substantial impact on the quality of life of affected individuals and on their family [1]. A schematic diagram of the course of seizures and epilepsy and of the role of the ketogenic diet are shown in Figure 1. As indicated, 70% of individuals who have a single seizure will have no more, with or without treatment. Approximately 70% of individuals who have epilepsy (defined as two or more seizures) will have their seizures controlled with medication. Treatment of epilepsy with anticonvulsant medications can also have substantial impact on the individual's quality of life, both for good and for bad. Indeed, the choice between anticonvulsant medications used is often based more on the medication's side effects than on the differences in their efficacy. Despite the many new anticonvulsant drugs that have become available, approximately 20% of children and adults with epilepsy have ongoing seizures that remain difficult to control. Some individuals with difficult-to-control seizures are candidates for epilepsy surgery to remove a seizure focus. Many, not surgical candidates, must continue trying medications. For some children, the ketogenic diet represents a promising, alternative therapeutic approach to improved seizure control. The ketogenic diet is also a potential, but untested therapy for adults as well. The history of the development of the ketogenic diet has recently been summarized [2]. The 'classic' ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, developed in the 1920s, when few effective medications were available for seizure control. The diet was initially designed to mimic the effects of starvation which had been shown to have dramatic and longlasting effects on the control of seizures. The diet was successfully utilized in the 1920s and 30s and many reports showed a better than 50% decrease


A modified reverse‐time migration algorithm for offset vertical seismic profiling data is proposed. This algorithm performs depth imaging of target areas in the borehole vicinity without taking into account the overburden. Originally recorded seismograms are used; reliable results can be obtained using only the velocity profile obtained along the well. The downgoing wavefield emitted from a surface source is approximated in the target area using the transmitted P‐wave, recorded by the receivers deployed in the well. This is achieved through a reverse‐time extrapolation of the direct transmitted P‐wave into the target area after its separation in offset vertical seismic profiling seismograms generated using a finite‐difference scheme for the solution of the scalar wave equation.


A century of successful experiments on general relativity was unable to convince substantial scholars on the presence of "gravitational singularity". Physically questionable outcomes of general relativity are due to the deployment of non-relativistic Newtonian gravitation. However, the nonrelativistic classical gravitational field equation can be utilized for the weak field with negligible error. The connection between inertia and mass is distinct for classical and relativistic mechanics. As per the equivalence principle, the connection between energy and spacetime should be identical for special and general relativity; the relativistic approach on the gravitational field will eliminate "gravitational singularity". This theory aligned well with relativity and improved sturdiness to general relativity. The impacts of this model on general relativity experimental results are insignificant.


Doctoral students are traditionally encouraged to focus their studies on a relatively narrow research topic. In this paper we present a novel postgraduate course for doctoral students that prepare them for working life after graduation, be it in academia or industry, by giving them a wider perspective. The full academic year course is built around multidisciplinary and multinational teamwork assignments, top class guest lectures from industry leaders, and an intensive study tour to a globally recognized region of research, innovation and business. The course adapts Nokia's top management training program to the academic environment. In this paper we describe the course structure and analyze key learnings from nine years of running the course.


This paper introduces a profiler architecture for control systems in system-level design. When designing a control system, we need to consider two things. The first thing is the asynchronous signal coming from sensors and actuators, which is called an interrupt request signal. The second thing is a process that should take a higher priority and be activated by an interrupt request signal, which is known as an interrupt handler. However, existing profilers cannot obtain the information of the interrupt request signal or the interrupt handler. Therefore, we develop a profiler for control systems can provide information about interrupts and interrupt handlers. Through an experiment, we demonstrate that the profiler provides information about interrupts with a 21.08% increase in area.


Abstract This study was designed to investigate the difference between perceived parenting style of adolescents with visual and hearing impairment, as well as their emotional competence as an effect of perception of parenting style. We also found a relationship between the variable of perceived parenting and the emotional competence. The sample consisted of 140 participants, 70 visually and 70 hearing impaired adolescents, who were equally divided according to gender in each group. Results indicated that adolescents of both groups differed significantly on perceived parenting and the emotional competence variable. Visually impaired adolescents showed more positive perception and were more emotionally competent than the adolescents with hearing impairment. A positive significant relationship was shown by the visually impaired group between most of the modes of perceived parenting and aspects of emotional competence variable. On the whole, the perception of parenting of adolescents with hearing impairment was found to be significantly lower than the visually impaired adolescents. Similarly, emotional competence among the hearing impaired group as regards the relationship between the two variables was also found to be significantly lower as compared with the visually impaired group. Regarding gender, boys with visual impairment perceived more positive parenting and showed more emotional competence than the girls compared with hearing impaired group.


This paper deals with "reorganization of Assam State Electricity Board" by disaggregation of the Assam State Electricity Board into five distinct corporations (generation, transmission and three distribution companies) to support government of Assam in restructuring it and in developing strategies for new companies to operate in an efficient and commercial manner so that the sector can become financially viable. As the reforms progresses the companies may need process improvements, which requires benchmarking the current processes with the best in industry and implementation of those process improvements. The task is to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) for each of these processes, to establish targets and to link them to overall financial performance of new companies. The objective is that the new companies are able to deliver the strategy in the changed environment


In the study reported here, suggestions that the global financial crisis revealed shortcomings in current board of director structures were researched. It was found that the current boards of directors do not have much of a chance of playing a constructive role in the success of any company, giving in to pressure from shareholders to exceed prior results, and failing to monitor the business and to assess its risk profile. In order to enhance board of director efficiency in companies around the world, a new board of director structure called the "management council" is proposed. The structure was discussed with industry experts who agreed that the implementation of the council structure could solve the problems experienced with current board of director structures.


PURPOSE: A transmitting method of PDSCH for a terminal, a terminal thereof, a receiving method of PDSCH A/N, and a base station thereof are provided to determine sources in which the response data to data reception is allocated when TDD settings of two element carrier waves are different in multiple carrier grouping environment. CONSTITUTION: A base station (1000) comprises a transmitter (1010), a receiver (1020), and a controller (1030). The transmitter transmits physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and PDCCH in a set downlink sub-frame. The receiver receives PDSCH ACK/NACK (A/C) through a specific uplink sub-frame in a specific element carrier wave. A controller extracts the PDSCH A/N of a first downlink sub-frame related to the specific uplink sub-frame which is determined based on time division duplex (TDD) of the specific element carrier wave. The controller extracts the PDSCH A/N of a second downlink sub-frame which does not belong to the first downlink sub-frame among the downlink sub-frames related to the specific uplink sub-frame which is determined based on a reference TDD setting of a terminal communicating by using multiple element carrier waves. [Reference numerals] (1010) Transmitter; (1020) Receiver; (1030) Controller


The characteristics of an F‐shaped‐probe feeding a triangular patch antenna with a small‐size ground plane have been simulated and measured. A −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 47% and an average gain of 6.4 dBi have been achieved. The phase of the far‐field over the bandwidth has been studied to analyze the distortion induced by the antenna on an ultra‐wideband (UWB) pulse signal. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 287–289, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11354


In the last decade, the multi-input DC-DC converters have been conducted in many kinds of research related to hybrid electric vehicles and fast charging of the electric vehicles as they promising several advantages over the conventional converters such as reducing the power devices, reducing the power conversion stages, and centralizing the control. This paper discusses and analysis a novel modular multi-input nonisolated converter in different operation modes to enhance the energy management of fast-charging station of electric vehicles and analyses the different losses of the converter and its efficiency in different operation modes.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how asset-based community development (ABCD) can be used to build inclusive, connected communities that intentionally value the contribution of older citizens. Design/methodology/approach – ABCD was used as an approach to enable older people to transform their neighbourhood and make them a better place to live for all ages. The paper describes this approach and goes on to illustrate how it has been applied in three neighbourhoods using case studies. Findings – The case studies show that by using ABCD, connections can be made between people, associations/clubs, businesses and services, to achieve the aspirations the citizens have for their neighbourhood. The contribution of older citizens to community life is valued and the risk of isolation and loneliness reduced. Originality/value – The three case studies presented in this paper are unique in that they have applied ABCD with older people taking on the role of community builders and connectors.


Describes an innovative behavioural assessment technique devised by Exeter‐based Quality Values Publications. The methodology recognizes nine critical motivating factors which combine in any organizational culture: identification, internationalization, instrumentality, consensus, rationality, development, group dynamics, equity and equality. Describes application of the method at Normalair‐Garrett.


In free space optical communication, photodetectors serve not only as communications receivers but as position sensitive detectors (PSD) for pointing, tracking, and stabilization. Typically, two separate detectors are utilized to perform these tasks but recent advances in the fabrication and development of large area, low noise avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays have enabled these devices to be used both as PSDs and as data communication receivers. This combined functionality allows for more flexibility and simplicity in optical assembly design without sacrificing the sensitivity and bandwidth performance of smaller, single element data receivers. This work presents a large area, five element concentric avalanche photodiode array rated for bandwidths beyond 1GHz with a measured carrier ionization ratio of approximately 0.2 at moderate APD gains. We discuss the integration of this array in a bi-static optical interrogator where it acts as a data receiver and provides position information for pointing and stabilization. In addition to front-end and digital electronics design, we also describe the optical assembly design and the development of a pointing and stabilization algorithm.


It is significant to recover and utilize cyanide tailings because it often contains many kinds of valuable elements such as gold,silver,copper,lead,zinc,iron,sulfur and so on.The technological status of technology for copper,lead,zinc,iron and sulfur recovery was introduced and the technical innovation direction for efficient utilization and pollution control of cyanide tailings was put forward.


Combined with the actual case of cement concrete thin-layer overlay structure design in Guangqing Expressway,the article introduced the pavement structure design process of overlaying the thin asphalt layer through using the SAWI(high elasticity modified asphalt stress-absorbing layer) cement concrete,described the performance and characteristics of SAWI and the methods and key points of construction quality control,and conducted the tracking detection on its actual usage performance.Results showed that:applying the SAWI cement concrete thin-asphalt layer overlaying technology can better resist the reflective cracking,reduce the pavement thickness,and reduce the engineering cost,thus it is a new cement pavement overlaying technology with good development prospects.


GENERAL WORKS Amstutz, Mark R. Christian Ethics and U.S. Foreign Policy. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan,vii, 192pp., paper. 0310300312. In contrast to many individuals and groups who increasingly have begun participation in foreign affairs, Amstutz laments many of the simplistic and single-issue approaches by contemporary Christians and offers instead a challenging, holistic approach for the church when speaking or acting in the public/foreign policy arena.


Six glass tanks, each containing dechlorinated tap water and stocked with 3-day-old, Heterocharias, larvae hybrid between. Heterobranchus longigills (male) and Clarias gariepinus (female) were administered two types of feeding trials viz: live and frozen Daphnids. Each treatment was replicated three times.. The larvae were each fed approximately 50 Daphnids per feeding time for fifteen days. Morphometric measurements of weigh and total length were taken before and after the experiment, and water quality parameters were monitored throughout the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, fish larvae fed frozen, Daphnids, showed higher survival rate than Heteroclarias fed live Daphnids. Even though the statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in suivival. However, the Heteroclarias fed live daphnids performed better in terms of growth rate than Heteroclarias fed frozen daphnids. The statistical analysis did not show significant difference (P>0.05) between the final length and weight of the tWo treatments. Heteroclarias_ fed live daphnids liad higher length anctweight than Heteroclarias fed frozen daphinds. It was therefore, concluded that based Ofi this experiment there is the likelihbod that frozen zooplankton (Daphnids) do not encourage groWth of Heterdclarias, but improves its survival. However, it's suggested that frozen zooplankton can be used to supplernent live zooplankton in situatibriS of scarcity.. INTRODUCTION Aquaculture is defined as the farming of aquatic organisms including, crustaceans, mollusk, crocodiles, alligators, and amphibians. It is becoming increasingly_ .important in developing .countries as 'a means of providing large quantities of needed protein for more adequate diets and as an important contribution of economic growth. Pillay (1976) noted that the success of aquáculture production programmes. depend..to a large extent on the availability of essential inputs such as fish seed or fingerlings.. Waynarovich and Horvath (1980) also reported that the steadily growing importance of culture fisheries. has made it imperative that practical fish culturists improve the techniques necessary for seCuring the initial and basic requirements .of fish culture hamely: the production of young fish for stoCking. Brain and Amy (1980) mentioned that economically productive aquaculture like' agriculture is heavily dependent On'adequate SUpply of seeds, fertile egg.S and juvenile fish, with Which tò stock pond enclosuresand other cUlture systems. The study was therefore to determine the surviVal, and growth rate of hybrid hatchlings of Heterobranchus longifilis and Clarias gariepinus fed With live and frozen zooplankton (Dephina) for two weeks. Materials and Methods The brooders used for the experiment vvere obtained from a private farm at llorin and Minna Fish market. They were kept separately in 150cm x 150cm outdoor concrete tanks at the


concept of time-based competition pioneered by Japanese enterprises in the 1980s and emphasizes the beneficial effect of reducing internal and external lead times. The four concepts at the heart of QRM are: 1) Realizing the power of time. Lead time is much more important than most managers realize; long lead times create many organizational costs that are four to five times greater than labor costs. 2) Rethinking organizational structure. QRM transforms traditional functional departments into a network of advanced QRM cells that are applied across the company. 3) Exploiting system dynamics. By getting managers to understand how capacity, batch sizes, and other factors impact lead times, QRM enables them to make improved decisions that result in shorter lead times. 4) Implementing a unified strategy enterprise-wide. QRM is not just for the shopfloor; it is applied throughout the enterprise, including material planning and control, purchasing and supply chains, and new product development.


The eel is a catadromous fish which spends most of its life in freshwater and adults swim to the Sargasso Sea region to spawn. While preparing for the reproductive process, eels undergo a metamorphosis to become what is called silver eel; a process involving changes in the colour and weight of the body and an increase in the eye size. These are indicators of fish maturity and they facilitate the selection of fish for reproduction under controlled conditions. During this study, changes in the body weight (BW) and eye size in female European eel were observed while being given weekly hormonal injections of 20 mg kg–1 carp pituitary homogenate and kept in 15°C freshwater and in 15°C saltwater with a salinity of 32-33‰. Fish kept in saltwater but not subjected to hormonal stimulation were used as a control group. Furthermore, after the experiment was finished, females in the control group were kept for next 5 months, with the same environmental parameters maintained. Differences between the treated groups were observed as early as week 4 of the experiment. An increase in fish BW was observed in fish kept both in salt and freshwater which were subjected to hormonal stimulation. On the other hand, changes in eye size were observed in the fish kept in saltwater, both in those hormonally stimulated and otherwise. The eye diameter in the fish kept in fresh after hormonal stimulation did not change significantly.


This paper describes an electrode-less, all-optical, wideband electric field sensor fabricated in an electro-optic lithium niobate substrate. The sensor component is an integrated optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The electric field sensor uses the electro-optic properties of lithium niobate to modulate the phase of the light propagating in each arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The phase modulated light is then converted to intensity modulation at the output of the interferometer. The unique feature of the sensor device is that the orientation of the crystal in one arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is inverted to provide push-pull optical modulation for an applied electric field. Optical fibers are connected to the input and output of the sensor device. The basic device is an all-dielectric intensity modulator. The ability to operate the sensor without the use of any metal antenna permits its use in extremely high field conditions without any danger of damaging the sensor. The optical fiber connections provide optical isolation to the instrumentation to protect the instrumentation from possible overload conditions. The electrode-less sensor is designed specially for measuring high field strengths similar to the conditions in electromagnetic pulse, high power microwave and high voltage power lines. Sensitivity improvements are possible by using carrier suppression techniques.


In this paper we have searched for the existence of Lyra's cosmology in a hybrid universe with minimal interaction between dark energy and normal matter using Bianchi-V space-time. To derive the exact solution, the average scale factor is taken as a = ( t n e k t ) 1 m which describes the hybrid nature of the scale factor and generates a model of the transitioning universe from the early deceleration phase to the present acceleration phase. The quintessence model makes the matter content of the derived universe remarkably able to satisfy the null, dominant and strong energy condition. It has been found that the time varying displacement β(t) co-relates with the nature of cosmological constant Λ(t). We also discuss some physical and geometrical features of the universe.


RESULTS: At baseline, ankle SBP was higher (P< 0.05) in the WBVT-High group than in the WBV-Normal group. Only the WBVT-High group showed a significant reduction in ankle SBP (-13%, P< 0.05) compared to the other groups. Brachial SBP (-8% and -9%), aortic SBP (-8% and -9%), and leg PWV (-8% and -9%) decreased (P< 0.05) in the WBVT-High and WBVTNormal groups compared to the control group. The decrease in leg PWV was inversely correlated (P < 0.05) with ankle SBP (r= 0.42) and aortic SPB (r= 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: Ankle SBP decreased after 12 weeks of WBVT in postmenopausal women with high ankle SBP. WBVT reduced aortic SBP and leg PWV regardless of ankle SBP. Therefore, the decrease in leg PWV explains the reduction in ankle and aortic SBP.


We discuss the relationship between two analogues in a 3-manifold of the set of prime ideals in a number field. We prove that if $(K_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}_{>0}}$ is a sequence of knots obeying the Chebotarev law in the sense of Mazur and McMullen, then $\mathcal{K}=\cup_i K_i$ is a stably generic link in the sense of Mihara. An example we investigate is the planetary link of a fibered hyperbolic finite link in $S^3$. We also observe a Chebotarev phenomenon of knot decomposition in a degree 5 non-Galois subcover of an $A_5$(icosahedral)-cover.


"Rebels Without a Territory. An Analysis of Non-territorial Conflicts in the World, 1970-1997" mentions a number of additional results that were not included in the paper due to space limitations. Appendix A includes the list of nonterritorial conflicts included in the statistical analysis (Table A1). Besides, Table A2 shows the predicted value of territorial and non-territorial conflicts for different levels of state capacity (GDP per capita). Finally, Figure A1 reproduces the inverted U-shaped relationship between state capacity and the onset of non-territorial conflicts. In Appendix B we replicate the most important findings of the paper. Firstly, we check whether the results hold if the dependent variable for the multinomial analysis uses the list of civil wars compiled by Sambanis (2004) instead of the one by Fearon and Laitin (2003). Secondly, we check whether the results are robust to the use of different measures of GDP per capita and regime type. Thirdly, we explore whether different ways to model time dependence alter the results. Fourthly, we test whether there is some influential case within the list of countries with non-territorial conflicts. Finally, we try alternative estimation techniques. Table B1 describes the set of replication models. In general, the inverted U-shape relationship between GDP per capita and the onset of a non-territorial conflict is very robust to alternative measures of civil war, GDP and model specifications. To the contrary, the positive effect of democracy on the prospect of non-territorial violence onset varies with the use of different measures of regime type, as well as on the inclusion of particular cases.


Broadband circulation at millimetric frequencies is currently unavailable. However on utilising the gyrotropic behaviour of the magnetised semiconductor this appears possible. Low-loss theoretical results are presented which suggest GaAs and InSb circulators are feasible with bandwidths greater than an octave and operating up to 125 GHz at a temperature of 77 K.


Male screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), treated with a sterilizing dose of N,N' -tetramethylenebis(1-aziridinecarboxamide) were sexually sterile about 40 min. after injection, 110 min. after immersion, or 180 min. after topical administration. Flies treated topically retained a considerable external residue 1 week later. At 24 hr posttreatment, about 1/2 the applied dose was present. However, more than 95% of this external residue could be removed by briefly immersing the flies in a strong aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate. In contrast, flies treated by immersion had no external residue detectable by bioassay 24 hr or 1 week posttreatment. By chemical assay, they had 0–22.2 μg/fly at 8 hr posttreatment, but this amount had dropped to 0–8.6 μg/fly at 24 hr posttreatment.


Obtain 3-D profilometry of object by phase in optics 3-D techniques, need to project sinusoidal grating on the surface of object measured. To improve the contrast intensity of projection sinusoidal pattern, introduce pulse-width modulation method of electrical engineering to design sinusoidal grating. Firstly, analyze the feasibility of designing sinusoidal grating using high frequency triangular waveforms modulating sinusoidal waveform. Describe light intensity distribution function of 3-D measurement. Give instantiation of creating sinusoidal grating. Finally, analyze frequency spectrum performance for the sinusoidal grating.