The HVAC systems for building service have very different qualities of the performance or the durabilities of equipments in general with the superintendent's ability for management or maintenance. The poor management of these systems finally lead to the shortening of the life expectancies of various equipments, the increment of the operating costs and energy consumptions due to low-efficiencies. The LCC(Life Cycle Cost) based analysis was carried out to verify the effect of the doing management and maintenance on the increase of system efficiency, the reduction of running cost and energy consumption and so on. The numerical model for building HVAC system was composed and analyses were performed for several parameters with maintenance, which yielded the results of cutting down running cost and energy saving from 8 to 20 percent for all cases.


At the beginning of the twentieth century in the midst of the Russian Orthodox Church, a movement was most clearly manifested, which set the goal of renewal at all levels of church life. On the one hand, public discussion and the idea of renewal of the Church took shape as a movement towards the return of the canonical church system, which was subsequently embodied in the holding of the Local Council of the Russian Church in 1917–1918, on the other hand, especially among the intelligentsia – "new religious thinking". According to the conclusions obtained as a result of the analysis of the work of the priest Pavel Florensky, we can assert that by taking the dignity and participating in the philosophical and religious understanding of the church heritage through modern scientific philosophical analysis, through positivism and neo-Kantianism, he paved the way for the return of intellectuals to the "thinking and spiritualized Church". On the basis of the research material, the author proves that the "thinking" Church has become an authority for many neophytes who came or returned to it in Soviet times.


Objective: To investigate the association between deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in Italy during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting: All municipalities in Italy with less than 50,000 population.Participants: 38,534,169 citizens and 222,875 COVID-19 cases reported to the Italian epidemiological surveillance were assigned to quintiles based on the deprivation index of their municipality of residence.Interventions: The COVID-19 pandemic during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown from the 20th of February to the 15th of October of 2020.Main outcome measures: Multilevel negative binomial regression models, adjusting for age, sex, population-density and region of residence were conducted to evaluate the association between deprivation and COVID-19 incidence, case-hospitalisation rate and case-fatality. The association measure was the rate ratio.Results: During pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown, the incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in the most deprived quintile with respect to the least deprived quintile were 1.17 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.41), 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) and 1.47 (1.32 to 1.63), respectively. In those three periods, the case-hospitalization IRR were 0.68 (0.51 to 0.92), 0.89 (0.72 to 1.11) and 0.99 (0.81 to 1.22) and the case-fatality IRR were 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13), 0.95 (0.85 to 1.07) and 1.02 (0.73 to 1.41), respectively.Conclusions: During lockdown and post-lockdown, but not during pre-lockdown, a higher incidence of cases was observed in the most deprived municipalities compared with the least deprived ones. No differences in case-hospitalisation and case-fatality according to deprivation were observed in any period under study.


We derive polynomial rates of convergence for orbits of maps that converge to an equilibrium via the center manifold. Similar estimates are obtained for the variational equation along these orbits. We show how these results apply to the analysis of discrete saddle-node homoclinics.


This research begins from the observation at teaching and learning process of English language as foreign language especially at the English Morphology class, the researcher found some students' problems related to the analyzing of English word formation process through tree diagram. They felt difficulties in analyzing English word formation process particularly in combining prefixes and suffixes.  In this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative which is the objective to describe the morphological error in analyzing the English word formation. The subject of this research is the third semester students of academic year 2018/2019 at English Education Department FKIP Madura Islamic University. In collecting the data, the researcher used the test and document study. The result of the research, the students understand well the function of every affixes in English word formation process but they made some errors in analyzing English word formation in multi word formation processes especially in combining prefix and suffix, derivational affix and inflectional affix. Keywords: Word Formation, prefixes, suffixes.


65 Background: The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the effect of FGFR2 and VEGFR2 expression on treatment outcomes for patients with metastatic or recurrent advanced gastric cancer (AGC) receiving a combination of pazopanib with CapeOx (capecitabine and oxaliplatin). Methods: We conducted a single-arm, open-label phase II study to determine the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of pazopanib with CapeOx in 66 patients with metastatic or recurrent AGC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01130805). IHC analysis of FGFR2 and VEGFR2 was possible in 54 patients (81.8%). Results: Among 54 patients, the median age was 51.5 years (range, 23–72 years). Most patients were men (59.3%). Seven patients (13.5%) had tumor tissues that expressed FGFR2 by IHC. No patients had tumors that expressed VEGFR2. Among 7 patients with tumors with FGFR2 expression, 6 achieved partial response (PR) with a 85.7% response rate and one patient with stable disease. Among 47 patients with tumors without FGF...


A light emitting diode (LED) controlling device may include: a driving circuit unit converting input power into an output voltage and providing the output voltage to an LED module; a detecting circuit unit positioned between the driving circuit unit and the LED module and detecting the output voltage and an output current of the LED module; and a controlling circuit unit converting an external signal into a reference signal and comparing the reference signal with at least one of the output voltage and the output current to control an output of the LED module. The external signal may be one of a first signal provided by a sensor module, a second signal provided by a communications module, and a third signal provided by an output control module.


Taxes are one of the government's greatest sources of revenue.  The covid-19 pandemic was an infectious disease that spread evenly and simultaneously around the world at the end of 2019. The tax consists of two types: central and regional taxes. The tax on motorized vehicles is a tax on the ownership of ones that are included in the county tax. The research method in this study is mixed research with a descriptive approach. Research shows that at the time of the covid-19 pandemic, more direct than online, the covid-19 pandemic effect on the tax realized motor vehicles did not significantly affect the north pppp-field's tax office and the realization of the CKB is still said to be effective and contribute well, And the effort done is done more than optimal by performing some programs such as the relaxing payment program and the self-knocking program (PMKP).


The symptom burden of intensive care unit (ICU) patients who are referred to a palliative care team (PCT) has not been characterized to the authors' knowledge, and the response of these symptoms to the palliative care intervention has not been reported.


Abstract We present herein a novel nitroxide spin label‐containing RNA triphosphate TPT3NO and its application for site‐specific spin‐labeling of RNA through in vitro transcription using an expanded genetic alphabet. Our strategy allows the facile preparation of spin‐labeled RNAs with sizes ranging from short RNA oligonucleotides to large, complex RNA molecules with over 370 nucleotides by standard in vitro transcription. As a proof of concept, inter‐spin distance distributions are measured by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in short self‐complementary RNA sequences and in a well‐studied 185 nucleotide non‐coding RNA, the B. subtilis glmS ribozyme. The approach is then applied to probe for the first time the folding of the 377 nucleotide A‐region of the long non‐coding RNA Xist, by PELDOR.


The May/June 1998 issue of Health Affairs contained a series of papers that assessed the "new federalism"—the supposedly different relationship between the federal and state governments that has developed throughout the 1990s. These papers were well written, analytically sound, and uniformly puzzling. After reviewing the changes in Medicaid, health insurance, public health, long-term care, disproportionate-share hospital reimbursement, and welfare, the authors left readers with an unanswered question: What is the nature of the new federalism? As can most big questions, this one can be presented as a series of smaller questions. In this Commentary I synthesize these questions and present evidence from one state—New Hampshire—whose efforts illustrate one approach to meeting the health needs of its citizens amid the old and prevailing form of federalism. What Is The New Federalism? n A changed relationship? Is the new federalism a new set of principles governing the relationship between the federal government and the states? Has the federal government relegated to the states some basic functions or responsibilities that formerly were in the federal domain? If there is any change in that relationship, it is not apparent. The federal government still dictates what states may do and how they may do it, in terms of all major existing federal health legislation enacted prior to 1990. Federal attempts to deal with emerging national health care problems, such as the uninsured or working persons who feared that changing jobs would mean that their new employer would exclude preexisting conditions from their health benefits, have produced new categories of eligibility, new sets of complex regulations, new methods for ignoring or sidestepping federal intent, and nothing that remotely resembles devolution.


From the Department of Labor, the best survey for flexibility data comes from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a monthly survey of 60,000 households that provides data on the labor force, employment, unemployment, and persons not in the labor force. Basic labor force data are gathered monthly; data on special topics are gathered in periodic supplements. The May supplement includes questions about flexible and shift schedules, the reasons for working particular shifts, the beginning and ending hours of work, formal flextime programs, home-based work, and other related topics. Respondents are also asked a direct question about their ability to vary either the starting or ending time of their typical workday. Otherwise, data on "flexibility" has to be inferred from detailed work schedule data available through this survey.


The goal of this essay is to call attention to some of the more positive and ambivalent depictions of Muslims in a set of historical texts associated with the Norman takeover of Sicily in the fifth/eleventh and sixth/twelfth centuries. To achieve that aim, it considers social vocabulary applied to Muslims in five sources written by Amatus of Montecassino, Geoffrey Malaterra, William of Apulia, Alexander of Telese, and Hugo Falcandus. Although recent scholarship has posited that medieval identity was often felt through a "self versus other" or "Christian versus non-Christian" dichotomy, this essay questions the notion that the actual language contained in these sources ever devolved into such simplistic, binary terms. On the contrary, though the perceptions and definitions applied to this group of people were, admittedly, sometimes based on uninformed stereotypes, they were more often deliberately constructed images that were highly dependent on the cultural milieu in which they were created.


By considering the geometric properties of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Minimal Enclosing Ball (MEB) optimization problems, we show that upper and lower bounds on the radius-margin ratio of an SVM can be efficiently computed at any point during training. We use these bounds to accelerate radius-margin parameter selection by terminating training routines as early as possible, while still obtaining a guarantee that the parameters minimize the radius-margin ratio. Once an SVM has been partially trained on any set of parameters, we also show that these bounds can be used to evaluate and possibly reject neighboring parameter values with little or no additional training required. Empirical results show that, when selecting two parameter values, this process can reduce the number of training iterations required by a factor of 10 or more, while suffering no loss of precision in minimizing the radius-margin ratio.


The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Mr. Dale Hanson, Coordinator of Fund Raising at the University of Minnesota, for his assistance in preparing this article.


INTRODUCTION: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infections are well recognized and prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The role of Mycoplasma spp and Ureaplasma spp are still controversial as some are commensals of genitourinary tract. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence rate of 7 organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Ureaplasma parvum (UP) in infertile married couples during infertility evaluation. MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 274 samples from all of the 137 couples who attended the reproductive center from June to December 2014 were collected. Detection of the organisms was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: STI-associated organisms were detected in 35.4% (97/274) of subjects. The prevalence rates of CT, MG, TV, UU, MH were 7.3%,1.1%, 0.4%,5.4% and 5.1% respectively. Twenty-one (7.7%) subjects were positive for more than one organism. 24/274 (8.8%) of subjects had history of urogenital tract-related symptoms and 50% (12/24) were tested positive to one or more organisms. The presence of symptoms in both male and female subjects were found to be 10% (2/20) in CT infection, 10% (7/67) in UP, 14% (2/14) in MH and 13% (2/15) in UU infections. CONCLUSION: Sexually transmitted organisms were detected in one third of subjects planning for fertility evaluation. The absence of symptom in most subjects particularly in CT infection emphasizes the need for microbiological screening during infertility evaluation. The presence of genital ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas in infertile couples should not be neglected. There is a growing need to clarify whether their roles are simply colonizers or pathogens implicated in infertility.


Modelling of an industrial control loop for concentration control using Omola, an object-oriented modelling language, is described. The major modelling effort has been made to make a complete nonlinear model of the pneumatic positioner-actuator of the control valve in the loop. A library of several friction models has also been developed. These models have been used to describe friction in the control valve. The different friction models have been compared to each other and the effects of various frictional phenomena on the control loop behaviour have been studied. The control loop has been simulated using the OmSim working environment. The simulations show that concentration variations observed during operation of the control loop at a paper mill can be caused by friction alone. Possible measures to overcome the control valve problem are studied and a simple way of reducing the problem is proposed. (Less)


A REVIEW PAPER SUBMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, SCHOOL
OF MEDICINE, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, GRADUATE STUDY, ADDIS
ABABA UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY.


Contents: Charles Ess/May Thorseth: Introduction - Charles Ess: Self, Community, and Ethics in Digital Mediatized Worlds - Marianne Richter: 'Virtual Reality' and 'Virtual Actuality': Remarks on the Use of Technical Terms in Philosophy of Virtuality - Johnny Hartz Soraker: Virtual Entities, Environments, Worlds and Reality: Suggested Definitions and Taxonomy - Mariarosaria Taddeo: The Role of e-Trust in Distributed Artificial Systems - John Weckert: Trusting Software Agents - Annamaria Carusi: Trust in the Virtual/Physical Interworld - Bjorn Myskja: Trust, Lies and Virtuality - Litska Strikwerda: Virtual Child Pornography: Why Images Do Harm from a Moral Perspective - May Thorseth: Virtuality and Trust in Broadened Thinking Online.


Washington, Feb. 12.— (A P)—The Senate had thedelayed satisfaction today of getting under way with its trial of William P. MacCracken on contempt charges. The widely-known lawyer, once assistant secretary of commerce, submitted to arrest after paying a $100 firie on a contempt of court ver dict. ■ By his side was his counsel, Frank J. Hogan, and before him as he stood in the Senate chamber were numerous Senators intent on ques tioning about what he had to do with contracts for his air mail clients. Several days last week he had sought to' evade this moment by having the case thrown into the courts. Tnis maneuver failed, how ever and this forenoon he had the choice as the restilt of his actions of paying the $100 fine or spending 24 hours in jail.


A novel transient rotor current control scheme is proposed in this paper for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) equipped with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device to enhance its transient voltage and frequency support capacity during grid faults. The SMES connected to the DC-link capacitor of the DFIG is controlled to regulate the transient dc-link voltage so that the whole capacity of the grid side converter (GSC) is dedicated to injecting reactive power to the grid for the transient voltage support. However, the rotor-side converter (RSC) has different control tasks for different periods of the grid fault. Firstly, for Period I, the RSC injects the demagnetizing current to ensure the controllability of the rotor voltage. Then, since the dc stator flux degenerates rapidly in Period II, the required demagnetizing current is low in Period II and the RSC uses the spare capacity to additionally generate the reactive (priority) and active current so that the transient voltage capability is corroborated and the DFIG also positively responds to the system frequency dynamic at the earliest time. Finally, a small amount of demagnetizing current is provided after the fault clearance. Most of the RSC capacity is used to inject the active current to further support the frequency recovery of the system. Simulations are carried out on a simple power system with a wind farm. Comparisons with other commonly used control methods are performed to validate the proposed control method.


The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of Communist Party political rule in 1991 has led to dramatic change for political regimes across the former Soviet region. 1 In an area once distinguished for its uniformity of single-party politics, regimes varying from robust democracies to reconstituted dictatorships have taken root. While scholars have made extensive contributions to our understanding of the institutional factors that influenced these outcomes, as well as the impact of particular institutional legacies on postcommunist reform, less attention has been paid to the impact of communist legacies on the mass political mind. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of a democratizing regime in Russia during the 1990s raise several questions about the contours of Russian political space: Do Russians have structured beliefs that motivate political behavior? Is there any ideology guiding Russian mass political beliefs? How has seventy years of Communist Party rule affected Russian political attitudes? Although Russia's postcommunist political history has not been characterized by a smooth transition to democracy, 2 it would be misguided to assume that the mass political mind in Russia shares a uniform taste in favor of authoritarian political and economic relations—despite popular rhetoric to this end. In fact, there is little empirical basis to assume much of anything about the underlying contours of the political predispositions of the Russian public and the impact of Communist Party rule on shaping Russian opinions towards political, economic, and social organization. The lack of substantial reliable data from the communist period has limited the study of Russian mass "belief systems"—defined by Philip Converse as "a configuration of ideas and attitudes in which the elements are bound together by some form of constraint or functional interdependence." 3 As a result, little is known historically about individual-level Russian and Soviet political beliefs. Rather, inferences about the political attitudes of the Russian public are frequently based on aggregate election results or group-level indicators, with individual-level analysis limited to the study of socioeconomic characteristics. The significant growth in reliable surveys conducted in the postcommunist region since the late 1980s provides scholars with an opportunity to look more closely at whether or not


Present work deals with the numerical analysis of rotor carrying a central disk mounted over symmetrical ballbearings, by considering the excitation forces using Muszynska's model along with linear unbalance force due to disk. Other nonlinearities considered in the model include: ball bearing contact forces and disk-stator rub-impact forces. Finite element model incorporating bending degrees of freedom is employed to mesh the system. Implicit Wilsontheta time-integration scheme is used to get the phaseplane, time-history plots and frequency spectra. Different periodic motions are studied by varying the different speeds. Keywords— Single disk rotor; Nonlinear forces; Time integration scheme; Effects of speed of rotation.


Based on the incomplete phenomenon in middle English teaching materials and class activities, this paper introduces the ways to realize genre circle activity application. This paper begins from how to draw genre material from the textbook, and then hold genre circle activities from narrative, information and commentary in the form of groups. Based on the text, those activities aim at cultivating students' overall awareness from the perspective of language learning.


The criminal trial is a complex procedure, governed by a multitude of seemingly irreconcilable technical rules. Judges and lawyers, in addition to their legal education, often spend years mastering courtroom language and procedures. Despite these complexities, the American criminal justice system thrusts uninitiated laymen into the jury box and requires them to make judgments with grave consequences. The questions of how jurors adapt to this new environment and render decisions of guilt and innocence have been the subject of considerable study.' In Reconstructing Reality in the Courtroom, social scientists W. Lance Bennett and Martha S. Feldman theorize that the key to understanding the criminal jury's decision-making process is an every-day communication device the story.2 Understanding how the story enables the actors in a criminal trial to communicate sensibly and to perform their roles properly can clear up "several of the mysteries surrounding criminal trials" (pp. 4-5). For example, it is unclear how jurors assimilate vast amounts of technical information, when lawyer behavior significantly affects trial outcome, and how bias subtly infiltrates the judicial process (pp. 5-6). Bennett and Feldman argue that "[d]espite that maze of legal jargon, lawyers' mysterious tactics, and obscure court procedures, any criminal case can be reduced to the simple form of a story" (p. 4). Unfortunately, there is no such simple device to help lawyers decipher the "maze of social science jargon" in which the authors mask the answers to these mysteries. The book is divided into four parts. In Parts I and II, Bennett and Feldman explain why stories are appropriate tools to assist jurors in organizing information and how they are used to do so. Familiar literary devices, such as flashbacks, flash-forwards, and subplots enable jurors to incorporate complex, disjointed, and conflicting testimony into a coherent scenario. Grammar conventions, such as verb tense and pronoun usage, further help jurors to assimilate information and to identify the central action. Juries also draw on their "vast store of background knowledge about social life" (p. 50) to make inferences where gaps or ambiguities exist. Jurors then integrate the central action, the surrounding actions, and their background knowledge, to interpret the overall story. Finally, the jury evaluates the five


Background: Extrusion, lateral luxation, and intrusion are among the most serious types of dental trauma. Only a few studies have specifically focused on extrusion; the present one was aimed at reporting a case of domestic traumatic dental injury to primary tooth and describing the measures taken in managing the trauma in order to avoid future consequences to the underlying permanent tooth germ. Case report: A 3.5-year-old boy reported a dental injury with extrusion and root fracture of deciduous tooth 5.1. After intraoral and radiographic evaluation, the element was repositioned and stabilized by an orthodontic flexible splint attached to the adjacent teeth. Several follow-up checkups were made and showed good healing of the tissues and physiological exfoliation of the tooth, with a healthy and unaffected corresponding central permanent incisor. Conclusion: This case report strengthens the importance of well-timed diagnosis and treatment and of regular follow-up of traumatized teeth as they may affect both dentitions with a negative impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Conservative treatment should be taken into consideration when possible, being in some cases more appropriate.


We consider an experimental setup, modeling the FitzHugh–Nagumo equation without recovery term and composed of a nonlinear electrical network made up of discrete bistable cells, resistively coupled. In the first place, we study experimentally the propagation of topological fronts in the continuum limit where the analytical solution can be obtained. We show that experimental results match the theoretical predictions. The discrete case is then investigated theoretically and in the lattice, emphasizing the pinning of traveling waves.


During the 1960s, film recorded way Spaniards saw themselves by portraying the projected "typical Spanish" folklorico alongside the truly typical Spanish— a country in a time of national identity and social, political, and economic change.


The spatial distribution of the sound pressure was investigated in a model reverberant chamber at discrete frequencies. Results of the measurements were evaluated in terms of cumulative distribution of sound pressure squared, variance, autocorrelation function and phase relations of the sound field as a function of modal damping. Statistical distributions of the maximum, minimum, and zero crossings of the spatial sound‐pressure distribution are presented. The conclusions concerning applications on sound power measurements in reverberant chambers are discussed.


We review the current state of Cepheid modeling and discuss its dominant deficiency, namely the use of time dependent mixing length. Notwithstanding, Cepheid modeling has achieved some excellent successes, and we mention some of the most recent ones. Discrepancies between observations and modeling appear not so much in the gross properties of single mode Cepheids, but rather when more subtle nonlinear effects are important, such as in double mode or even triple mode pulsations. Finally we discuss what we consider the most important challenges for the next decade. These are, first, the multidimensional modeling of convection in a pulsating Cepheid environment, and second, the nonlinear modeling of the nonradial pulsations, and, possibly relatedly, of the Blazhko like phenomenon, both of which recently been observed in Cepheids.


This article reports on the results and future research work within the paradigm of Configurable Collaborative Distance Learning, which we have named EVA (states for Virtual Learning Spaces in Spanish). The article focuses on the description of the main concepts, architecture, software and LAN/ATM hardware platform developed for the EVA interactive environment. This environment is the result of the investigation and development of pedagogical models and information technologies to support learning activities of teams of students (planning, consulting, collaboration, etc.). ATM and SONET technologies have been used for the Experimental Laboratory of Virtual Learning based on LAN/ATM network.


—Writing descriptive texts in a foreign language is still considered difficult due to the lack of learner's motivation, lack of vocabulary mastery, and the lack of using proper grammar. Therefore, a method is needed to overcome these difficulties. The ESA (Engage, Study, and Activate) method is believed to contribute to solving these difficulties. This study attempts to investigate the significance of the implementation of the ESA method in a French writing class, and the students' perception of its implementation. This study is conducted by using a quantitative, pre-experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected by conducting writing tests and distributing a questionnaire. The test results were analyzed by using SPSS software. The results show that the implementation of the ESA method can improve students' ability to write descriptive texts. Furthermore, based on the questionnaire analysis, it is found that most of the students think that the implementation of the ESA method could help in improving the ability to write descriptive texts. This stud contributes to improving learners' language skills through an effective learning method.


Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: CNS/ATM integration dynamic RNP; air transportation system roadmap; US and Europe domestic datalink plans; dynamic RNP-DRAFT aircraft requirements; interacting standards activities.


This paper discusses a class of quality management problems called mission-critical, meaning that the risk of loss due to product failure is so great that no degree of process control is sufficient. Although inspection has fallen out of favor, such circumstances require that complete finished goods inspections be carried out. After reviewing the literature, approaches to managing such inspection tasks are discussed with a particular emphasis on the effects of inspection error. An approach to designing experiments to estimate inspection error probabilities in an industrial setting is described.


The role of lignin in acetic acid production in wet oxidation (WO) of lignocellulosic biomass was discussed. It was found that lignin was indirectly attributed to the increase of acetic acid production in WO of lignocellulosic waste. A possible mechanism for this is that decomposition intermediates of lignin would act as a retardant in WO of cellulose, leading to the formation of HMF and 2-FA which are dehydration products from monosaccharides and can produce a large amount of acetic acid by their oxidation.


After remarking on some common worries that trouble the academic study of religion, the article presents an argument for an anthropocentric stance and analytic preference as the directional compass, or an intellectual alignment, in the disciplinary practices of Religious Studies. At the core of this stance is a 'reductionist' commitment to a corrigible theoretical monism, which is, however, compatible with plural analytics or methodologies. Keywords: Study of religion, theories of religion, disciplinarity


The domain of image processing for cell microscopy presents non-trivial challenges that must be addressed for consistent image quality. One such challenge concerns the loss of focus as a result of cellular processes, where cell objects may move or change their morphology and, as a result, lie outside of the depth-of-view of the lens. This paper presents two approaches to addressing this problem; namely, the multiscale and geometric methods of image depth estimation. These algorithms are applied to a z-stack of images acquired from a standard phase contrast microscope and a total internal reflection microscope. To assess the algorithms in terms of their scalability, 10×, 20×, and 60× lens objectives are used to offer increased spatial resolutions as well as corresponding improvements in image quality.


The article describes the usefulness of concepts of projective identification and the relational/structure model of countertransference in the treatment of trauma victims. Case examples are presented to illustrate how concordant, complementary, and indirect countertransference may be useful diagnostically and therapeutically.


Early gastric cancer (EGC) is common in some countries, including Japan. Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is considered the treatment of


In order to improve the teaching quality of academic mathematics and for the purpose of quality teaching.On the base of the teaching practice,we have discovered and acquired what we are good at and what we are lack of in the teaching practice of academic mathematics in recent years.We did useful discovery about how to improve the teaching quality of academic mathematics.


This project was carried out to investigate the mechanical and durability properties of
hardened polystyrene concrete bricks containing sawdust ash. In this study, polystyrene
beads as lightweight aggregate are used to replace fine aggregate in the concrete mixture
whereas sawdust ash is for replacement of cement. A total of 216 bricks with the size of
195 mm x 100 mm x 65 mm (length x width x height) were prepared. Six tests were
carried out to investigate and compared the properties of polystyrene concrete bricks.
The tests were compressive strength test, water absorption, sea water attack, weight and
density, dimension and acid attack. The compressive strength of bricks was depended on
the materials mixed and the ratio used. Although higher ash content decreased the
strength of concrete, the test result indicated that sawdust ash can contribute strength to
concrete at longer curing periods. The bricks tested in sea water were compared with the
bricks tested in tap water. The result shows the bricks with low weight and density
recorded high water absorption rate. Sawdust ash also influenced the water absorption as
it is a good water absorbing materials. The bricks tested in sea water recorded lower
compressive strength than bricks tested in tap water. The bricks tested in acid attack also
show changes in physical properties such as appearance, weight and density and
dimension. The changes of properties of polystyrene concrete bricks are much higher
for high content of polystyrene beads and sawdust ash in the mix.


The present examination refers to cellulose gels coagulated freely by the procedure by which the formation process is broken up into individual phases:- (1) gelatination of viscose, and (2) regeneration of this xanthate gel to cellulose itself.Fine structuves of both fresh and dry gels, such as equilibrium absorption of dye, accessibility and lateral-order distribution, were investigated with regard to various conditions of Na2SO4 and H2SO4 baths or to various degrees of ripeness of viscose respectively, and following fundamental concepts were obtained:Degree of changes in gel structure during shrinking process of drying depends upon a degree of order of chaines in the less orderly regions of fresh gel, although the specific character of fresh gel is retained after its shrinkage.The structure of xanthate gel frame, built up primarily beforer egeneration, plays the decisive part in relation to the structure of cellulose gel resulting from it by regenerating and drying.


While the practice of nationality swapping in sports traces back as far as the Ancient Olympics, it seems to have increased over the past decades. Cases of Olympic athletes who switched their national allegiances are often surrounded with controversy. Two strands of thought could help explain this controversy. First, these cases are believed to be indicative of the marketisation of citizenship. Second, these cases challenge established discourses of national identity as the question 'who may represent the nation?' becomes contested. Using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, I analysed 1534 English language newspaper articles about Olympic athletes who changed their nationalities (1978–2017). The results indicate: (i) that switching national allegiance has not necessarily become more controversial; (ii) that most media reports do not frame nationality switching in economic terms; and (iii) that nationality swapping often occurs fairly unnoticed. I therefore conclude that a marketisation of citizenship is less apparent in nationality switching than some claim. Moreover, nationality switches are often mentioned rather casually, indicating the generally banal character of nationalism. Only under certain conditions does 'hot' nationalism spark the issue of nationhood.


The critical condition for the transition from lammellar to dendritic structures in hypereutictic Fe–FeSi alloy films, ranging in composition from 35 to 40 at·%Si, has been determined by means of unidirectional solidification. The critical condition is expressed by the following relation; G/R=1.6×107C0+4.7×106 where G is temperature gradient in a melt at the liquid-solid interface, R is the solidification rate and C0 is the initial composition of Si in the melt. The liquid diffusion coefficient obtained using the above result was 4.1×10-5 cm2/s.


The partial discharge characteristics of barium titanate multi-layer ceramic capacitors were investigated under 60 Hz voltage excitation. For capacitor specimens which were specifically fabricated for this study, the partial discharge characteristics were found to depend strongly on such para, meters as dielectric film thickness, relative permittivity, porosity and void size distribution.


Rationale : Mental Health professionals' ability to manage aggression and violence in mental health units is hampered by a lack of evidence-based research. Aim : The research aimed to investigate the relationship between Health Professional attitudes and subsequent aggression by mental health inpatients. Method : An interpersonal model specific to inpatient mental health units guided three empirical studies. Study one investigated patient views on staff management of aggression. Study two examined specific staff variables such as rigid attitudes in dealing with aggression. Study three investigated the impact of a management philosophy upon staff attitudes in a controlled design. Results : In study one, patients reported that interpersonal factors with mental health staff were salient contributors to their aggression. Study two extended this and found that high staff rigidity was associated with low tolerance for patient aggression. Interestingly, staff characterised by low rigid attitudes were found to be more involved in high severity aggressive incidents. Study three found training in zero tolerance had the unintended consequence of increasing rigid attitudes, while reducing tolerance toward aggression. Discussion : Staff play a role in helping or hindering inpatients with aggressive impulses. Staff with less rigid attitudes were those most likely to assist in difficult incidents, those incidents that are likely to be unavoidable. More rigid staff were involved in a greater proportion of low-medium severity incidents,


Review on Head and Neck: Pleomorphic salivary gland adenoma with ins(8)(q12;q11q11) (TCEA1-PLAG1), with data on clinics, and the genes involved.


Homolje is one of the most developed geomorphological areas in Eastern Serbia. Shallow karsts prevail across this region with cover vegetation and soil, with developed surfaces, and underground karst landforms. This type of terrain leads to the occurrence of different geomorphological landforms that stand out from the rest, primarily for their scientific, aesthetic and ecological value, uses, and tourism potential. Gorges can be singled out as the largest geosites, then uvalas, caves, karst bridges, and tufa accumulations. Two are on the National list of geoheritage of Serbia as protected natural monuments. As geoheritage protects only authentic and representative landforms, the main task of this paper is to point out the most significant measures to improve the unsatisfactory current state of geomorphosites of the Homolje area and possible solutions for their conservation, adequate use and better tourism promotion. This paper presents a review of geomorphological heritage in this region of Serbia with a focus on its conservation.


OBJECTIVE
To establish a TLC identification method for Xuanshen(Radix Scrophulariae).

METHOD
Using TLC with harpagoside and harpagide as reference substances.

RESULT
A TLC identification method of Xuanshen has been established. The specificity of the method has been proved by a comparative detection of Xuanshen from different habitats and several crude drugs which are easily confused with Xuanshen.

CONCLUSION
The method is simple, accurate and reliable.


Abstract Highly collimated, bipolar fast jets are found in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and post-AGB stars as well as in active galactic nuclei and young stellar objects. It is still unclear how to launch such jets from dying stars that were originally spherically symmetric. Exploration of the stellar jet evolution is also expected to probe its role in shaping a planetary nebula. Interestingly, some of stellar H2O maser sources — water fountains — exhibit stellar jets with spatially and kinematically high collimation in the earliest phase (<1000 years) of the jet evolution. Such water fountains have been identified in 14 sources to date. We have recently conducted interferometric (VLBA, EVN, VERA, VLA) maser and the single-dish (ASTE) CO J = 3 → 2 line observations of the water fountains. They have revealed a typical dynamical age (< 100 yr) and the detailed kinematical structures of the water fountains, possibility of the coexistence of "equatorial flows", and their locations and kinematics in the Milky Way. Based on these results, the masses and evolutionary statuses of the host stars are also estimated.


Affirmative action (AA) has long been viewed negatively in contemporary society. The political philosophies of AA are still widely misunderstood and fiercely debated around the world today. The argument against AA is that faculty hired through AA are less efficient than those hired through open/general category. This research attempts to empirically assess if professors from the Other Backward Class (OBC), Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) categories in India's three Central Universities are equally productive and effective as their General category counterparts. The effectiveness of the four teaching categories (General/OBC/SC/ST) was evaluated using the CCR model of Data Envelopment Analysis, while the productivity of teachers was estimated using bibliometric analysis. The data analysis demonstrates that AA positively impacts the research productivity of marginalized groups, except ST, which has very low representation in Pure and Applied Sciences, with OBC and SC performing on par with their General counterpart when placed in higher productivity subjects.


Objective To investigate the pulmonary hemodynamic changes during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Methods The parameters of hemodynamics were monitored through Swan-Ganz catheter and radial artery canula in different period and were compared with the preoperative ones.Results Heart rate accelerated at the beginning of no-liver period.Blood pressure decreased significantly at the early reperfusion stages and then elevated progressively 12 hours after operation. Pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) began increasing at the early reperfusion stages,further increased 48 hours after operation. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure changed in accordance with PAP.Cardiac output was at high-output level preoperatively,then reduced significantly during veno-venous bypass,recovered gradually 48 hours after operation.SVR increased significantly during veno-venous bypass, recovered at the reperfusion stage, reached the level of preoperatively after 48 hours after operation.Pulmonary vascular resistance was below normal level and didn't change during the operation,then increased progressively postoperatively.Conclusions It is valuable to monitoring the pulmonary blood flow changes during perioperative period of OLT to prevent and manage pneumonedema and cardiac insufficiency.


1. The existence of relations between the coaxial minors of a determinant was first discovered by MacMahon in 1893. The whole literature of the subject is comprised in three papers, viz.:— MacMahon, Phil. Trans., clxxxv. pp. 111–160. Muir, Phil. Mag., 5th series, xli. pp. 537–541. Nanson, Phil. Mag., 5th series, xliv. pp. 362–367. My present object is to continue the investigation of the relations in question, and more particularly to draw attention to an explicit expression for a determinant of the 4th order in terms of its own coaxial minors. At the outset some fresh considerations regarding determinants in general will be found useful.


Yang Fang is a poet-in-residence of Chinese Poetry Study Center in Capital Normal University.In her collection of poems Eyes Like That of Camel Cub, language is used as a constructing tool of poetic flavor,a "thing" to ensure the existence of poetry and an amulet of soul. Thus, the poetic flavor has achieved a special effect of spreading randomly to show her thinking about the world and inner sentiment. Hometown is her primary emotional complex that brings her entanglement and pain. She finds flowers, grass and trees as well as streams as her reliable shade and has gradually accomplished an integrated and rhythmical form of poetic life. This has not only unified the romantic experience of poetic culture and realistic searching of spiritual hometown, but also achieved the intoxicating and endless setting of the biological state and spiritual destination. Autumn wind gives her the strength of soberness. With her inner strength, she gets away from self bondage, observing and looking upon the existence and nirvana of all things in autumn wind. With her permanent searching for spiritual hometown,she keeps an unfathomable sincerity on the existential intention.


Abstract Several seroprevalence studies have been conducted on the natural infections of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic chickens around the world but only a few have published data on turkeys. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of exposure of farmed Nigerian turkeys to T. gondii infection. Sera obtained from 320 turkeys reared intensively in 3 states of southwest Nigeria were screened for T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test. Antibodies were detected in 4.1 % (13/320) of the turkeys with titres of 1 : 20 in 7 turkeys, 1 : 40 in 5 and 1 : 80 in 1, while none was seropositive at 1 : 160 or 1 : 320. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was comparable among turkeys regardless of their breed, age, location and management system (P > 0.05). None of the variables were significantly associated with T. gondii antibodies by multivariate logistic regression. This first report of T. gondii infections in Nigerian turkeys recommends that turkey meat and its products be adequately processed before consumption.


A successful organization development intervention requires a true partnership between the players, a pervasive effort, and a climate where change can endure.


The utility model relates to a high-wearing-feature sealing device of a diamond valve. A valve seat ring is embedded between a valve plate and a valve body, a sealing ring is fixed between the valve seat ring and the valve plate, an O-shaped sealing ring is embedded between the valve seat ring and the valve body, an elastic rubber ring is located between the valve seat ring and the sealing ring, one end of the elastic rubber ring abuts against the valve seat ring, the other end of the elastic rubber ring is embedded in a groove of the sealing ring, and when the elastic rubber ring is in a compressed state, the sealing ring is pressed on the valve plate tightly, and therefore good gas tightness of the diamond valve is guaranteed. The sealing ring is made of teflon, a sealing device is enabled to have good abrasion resistance, and the service life of the diamond valve is prolonged; the elastic rubber ring is enabled to be attached to the valve plate tightly, and the defect that teflon is not good in gas tightness is overcome; and the O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the valve seat ring and the valve body, and the double-sealing effect ensures good gas tightness of the diamond valve.


Background Along with the affected nervous system, muscle pathology stands out as a well-recognized hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD) and manifested in muscle wasting, atrophy, and accompanied by defects in energy metabolism. High-resolution respirometry (HRR) can be considered a promising tool to determine alterations in mitochondrial function in premanifest and manifest HD patients. Aims To determine the feasibility of HRR in the assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in patients with HD. Methods Muscle samples were acquired by a fine-needle biopsy method from the middle part of the m. rectus femoris of 8 HD premanifest patients (age, mean ± SD, 27 ± 3.25 years), 8 manifest patients (43.1 ± 5.59 years), and 15 age and sex-matched controls (28.5 ± 3.21 years, matched to premanifest; 40.3 ± 5.59 years, matched to manifest). After mechanical preparation and permeabilization with saponin, changes in mtMP (mitochondrial membrane potential) were assessed simultaneously with respiration measurement using cell-permeant, cationic dye TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester), and HRR system Oroboros Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros Instruments, Austria). The data were normalized to the wet weight of samples; results (pmol O2/s/mg, means ± SD) were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results The coupled respiration rates (both CI- and CI+CII-related respiration during oxidative phosphorylation) were lower in premanifest patients when compared to matched controls and manifests (CI: 20.7 ± 2.7 vs. 26.6 ± 2.0 and 27.9 ± 6.5, p Conclusions HRR can be used to assess mitochondrial state in skeletal muscles from patients with HD.


The subject innovation relates to provide a foot massager put in a new, include a fixed base, a movable part, such as elastic structural components. The fixing base has a receiving hole open to the top in a flat condition is provided. The movable part there is installed in the receiving hole of the fixed base in such a way that it can move up and down position comes out from the retention base witjeom when positioned at points on the stop. Elastic structure part is provided in the receiving hole of the fixed base, touching the top and bottom surfaces are each movable part and the fixed base, and to slide the movable component rest against the stop on the point. Thus, when the foot hits the ground during walking by moving parts are coming down to take a flexible moving parts when stepping on the pressure foot fall from the ground up resilient force of the resilient structures take part. Thus it is obtained a sole massage and vibration absorption and cushioning.


Objective To investigate and analyze the characteristics of anti-infective agents-related adverse drug reaction(ADR) in our hospital from 2005 to 2011.Methods 3704 anti-infective agents-related ADR cases reported in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively regarding patients'sex and age,classification of ADR,pharmacological classification,the form of a drug,systems and organs involved in ADR and its clinical manifestations.Results Among the 3704 cases of anti-infective agents-related ADR,the proportion of male and female was similar;children below 11 years old accounted for 26.92%,at the age of 21 or 70 the occurence of anti-infective agents-related ADR in males was higher than that in females.βlactam drugs(32.05%) occupied the highest proportion in anti-infective agents-related ADR,which was on the rise in rencent years,followed by quinolone drugs(25.00%).Injection types of drug were the main forms of drugs which led to anti-infective agents-related ADR(85.29%).The major systems agents were alimentary system(35.05%).Conclusion It is important to emphasize the rational use of anti-infective drugs,decreasing the intravenous route and focusing on the characteristics of the juveniles or old people above 70 years old especially in males in order to decrease or avoid the occurrence of anti-infective agents-related ADR.


The state of charge (SOC) trajectory planning for the power battery is the basis of realizing the global online optimal control of the plug-in hybrid-electric bus (PHEB) energy management system. This article proposed an adaptive rolling planning method for SOC trajectory of PHEBs power battery. First, a mathematical model for simulation research is established. Second, the driving cycles of PHEBs are collected, and the optimal SOC trajectories of driving cycles are obtained using dynamic programming (DP). In order to provide training data for the planning model of the optimal SOC trajectory of a trip segment (TS), the driving cycle and the optimal SOC trajectory of the driving cycle are cut into segments with a time length of 30 s. The incremental learning is used to construct a planning model of the TS's optimal SOC trajectory and planning the optimal SOC trajectory of the actual TS. The optimal SOC trajectory of the actual TS is applied to proportion–integration-differentiation (PID) control and compared with PID based on mileage-based SOC planning (BMP). The result shows that this study can reduce fuel consumption by 0.8 L/100 km for the same driving cycle. Through incremental learning, the fuel consumption can be further reduced by 0.13 L/100 km.


The activated energy of single quantum well structures obtained by the admittance measurements is varied with different thickness of capping layer and with one sample under different applied bias voltages.The electric potential distribution is the key effect on the energy variation.The correctness of the measured results can be judged by using the admittance measurements under different applied bias voltages


EMV (Europay MasterCard Visa) is a globally accepted standard for chip card-based payment transactions, which benefits from the intrinsic security characteristics of chip cards. The EMV specification is relatively flexible and can be deployed in both online and offline card acceptance environments. In the offline environment, payment terminals and cards only communicate with each other in order to approve/decline the payment transactions, whereas in the online environment authorisation entities are also involved in the overall process. An authorisation entity can either be the Card Issuing Bank (CIB) or the payment scheme operator (e.g. Visa, Master-Card). Aside from the transaction authorisation, the EMV specifications define offline-PIN verification as one of the main cardholder verification methods. However, in an online authorisation environment, the PIN verification process is referred to as Online-PIN Verification (OPV). This process is the main focus of this paper. We discuss the OPV process that has placed indelible trust assumptions on the intermediary entities (subcontractors) between a payment terminal and a scheme operator/CIB. When this trust (assumption) is scrutinised, there is a potential attack scenario that an adversary can use to gain access to PIN data. This information can be used by an adversary to carry out an online PIN approved transaction without the involvement of the genuine cardholder but with the correct PIN. We then propose three solutions based on the existing OPV process as potential countermeasures that are then implemented to measure any incurred performance penalties and subjected to mechanical formal analysis using CasperFDR.


Krumme (SIGPLAN Notices V22 #6) points out that a program using procedure-parameters to print out the paths from the root of a binary tree to the leaves can be recast to use a list of nodes as parameter. This exposes an interesting and quite general program equivalence. Despite Krumme's measurements, there are situations where the reverse transformation can be very useful. A program that constructs a list only in order to (eventually) print it, can always be implemented in Pascal using parametric procedures. The implementation replaces append operations by what ought to be cheap closure-formation. Appending lists (or concatenating strings) is expensive if a transparent, applicative style is used as advocated by van Eijk (V21 #9). Unfortunately, many implementations of Pascal make closure-formation unnecessarily expensive, presumably on the grounds that this feature of the language is seldom used. Nevertheless, implementations using static chains (particularly when hardware support is available, as on the NS32000), will probably execute faster than implementations using lists.


Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the process of separating dissolved salts from water with the help of semipermeable membranes. Membrane based solution are now widely accepted technology to combat safe drinking water shortage. Reverse osmosis has increasing market shares due to reduced cost and improvements in the process. This paper reviews the major issue of fouling that is faced during operation of RO and ways to regulate them. Fouling is categorized into many classes and the control is discussed respectively. It also discusses basics of RO, modular arrangements for RO membranes as well as multiple options for pretreatment which is a mandatory requirement of the process. Final discussion is the ways to consider while disposing of brine.


Current GPI status on femtosecond cameras and diffractometers research and development is overviewed. Discussed are the key components of the femtosecond diffractometer which is now under design. The first experimental prototype of 20 - 40 kV, femtosecond photoelectron diffractometer is computer designed, manufactured and tested.


4542Background: RANGE (NCT02426125) is a global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RAM in combination with DOC in patients (pts) wit...


This review describes the status of elastic scattering of X‐rays and γ‐rays (up to about 1 MeV) from atoms and molecules, free or bonded in solids. At the energies considered Rayleigh scattering from the atomic electrons entirely dominates the process. We first present the basic matrix elements at low and high energies and the results obtained in their calculation. Then we review the scattering experiments carried out in this energy range.


documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{jarticle} \pagestyle{plain} %%%%%% TEXT START %%%%%% \begin {document} In the previous paper [3] we established the maximum principles for the finite element solutions of the partial differential equation: $\Delta u-qu=f$ on a compact bordered Riemann surface $\overline{\Omega}$. In the present paper we shall improve and extend the results in the paper [3] . First we construct a triangulation $K$ of $\overline{\Omega}$ with width $h$ and introduce a class $S=S(K)$ of element functions on $K$. For a partition to two parts $C_{l}$ and $C_{2}$ of the boundary $\partial\Omega$, we define the finite element approximation $\omega_{h} \in S$ of the boundary value problem: $\Delta u-qu=f$ on $\Omega$, $u=\chi$ on $C_{l}$ and $*du=0$ along $C_{2}$, where by $*du$ we denote the conjugate differential of $du$. We assume that all angles of 2-simplices of $K$ are $\le \pi/2$. Under the assumption weaker than one in the paper [3], we shall exhibit that the inequality \[ |\omega_{h}| \le \exp(\frac{4\pi M}{\sin\theta}\cdot\max_{\overline{\Omega}}q) (\max_{C_{1}}|\chi| + \frac{2} {\sin\theta}\int\int_{\Omega}|f|dxdy) \] holds for sufficiently small $h$, where $\theta$ is the smallest value of all angles of 2-simplices of $K$ and $M$ is a constant. The last inequality will be very useful to obtain error estimates of the finite element solutions. \end{document} 要 約 \documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{jarticle} \pagestyle{plain} %%%%%% TEXT START %%%%%% \begin {document} 前の論文[3]では,縁をもつコンパクトなリーマン面 $\overline{\Omega}$ 上で定義され た偏微分方程式: $\Delta u-qu=f$ の有限要素解に対する最大最小値の原理を確立したが,本論 文では,論文[3]の結果を改良し,拡張する.まず,$\overline{\Omega}$ の幅 $h$ の三角形分割 $K$ を作成し,$K$ 上の要素関数のクラス $S=S(K)$ を導入する.境界 $\partial\Omega$ の二つの部 分 $C_{l}$,$C_{2}$ への分割に対して,境界値問題: $\Omega$ 上で $\Delta u-qu=f$, $C_{1}$ 上で $u=\chi$, $C_{2}$ に沿って $*du=0$ の有限要素近似 $\omega_{h} \in S$ を定義する,ここで, $*du$ は, $du$ の共役微分を表す. $K$ の2-単体のすべての内角は $\le \pi/2$ であると仮定す る.論文[3]の仮定より弱い,この仮定のもとで,十分小さい $h>O$ に対して,不等式 \[ |\omega_{h}| \le \exp(\frac{4\pi M}{\sin\theta}\cdot\max_{\overline{\Omega}}q) (\max_{C_{1}}|\chi| + \frac{2} {\sin\theta}\int\int_{\Omega}|f|dxdy) \] が成り立つことが示される,ここで, $\theta$ は $K$ のす べての2-単体の内角の最小値, $M$ は定数である.この不等式は,有限要素解の理論解に対する 誤差評価をするときに,非常に有用となるものである. \end{document}


Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. It is characterised by rapid proliferation, aggressive migration, and invasion into normal brain tissue. Formin proteins have been implicated in cancer progression, invasion, and migration. However, the role of FMNL1 in cancer remains unclear. We are the first to investigate FMNL1 in GBM.

 Clinical specimens were obtained from tumours surgically removed and pathologically confirmed as GBM from 217 GBM patients treated from 2000 to 2015 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Hospital. We studied the expression of FMNL1 in glioblastoma samples by immunohistochemistry to analyse the correlation between FMNL1 expression, clinicopathologic variables, and patient survival. Migration and invasion assays were used to verify the effect of FMNL1 on glioblastoma cell lines. Microarray data were downloaded from TCGA and analysed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).

 FMNL1 was found to be a predictor of poor prognosis in a cohort of 217 cases (P < 0.001). GSEA showed that upregulation and downregulation of FMNL1 were associated with mesenchymal and proneural markers, respectively. Contrarily, downregulation of FMNL1 suppressed migration and invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells via DIAPH1 and GOLGA2, respectively. Downregulation of FMNL1 also suppressed assembly of actin fibres, induced morphological changes, and diminished filamentous actin.

 Our studies show that abundant FMNL1 expression in GBM patients is correlated with an unfavourable prognosis. FMNL1 is a promising therapeutic target and a useful biomarker for GBM progression.


Doug Wilson. The Bird: The Life and Legacy of Mark Fidrych. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2013. 306 pp. Cloth, $29.99. Those who observed Mark Fidrych's amazing year of 1976 will never see its like again. Those who did not can be forgiven if they believe the rest of us exaggerate. At the beginning of the movie Gandhi, the narrator says something like, "In the future, people will have difficulty believing that such as man existed." Thanks to Doug Wilson, they will believe in "The Bird." This kid pitcher from rural Massachusetts barely made an impact on scouts, yet improved steadily until he reached the starting rotation of the woebegone Detroit Tigers. He became not only the best pitcher in baseball, but among the most famous and most beloved men in America. That's the story any baseball fan who observed it knows and remembers. It's all here, including insightful reasons why the times were right for "The Bird" to fly from local hero to national phenomenon. Wilson doesn't just tell the story that everyone saw. He also tells the inside baseball story of this once marvelous pitcher's rise and fall. Unlike many baseball writers, Wilson has a working knowledge of how the game is played. He researches like a scholar and writes like a journalist. He charts, with compassion and acuity, the sad path from Fidrych's wonder year to his professional demise at age twenty-eight. After 1976, "The Bird" won exactly ten major-league games. Fortunately, Wilson was able to interview Ralph Houk, the Tigers' manager in 1976, months before he died at age 90 in 2010. With vivid memory and profound understanding, Houk shares why he believes Fidrych was so successful and also speculates on why he got hurt. Many fans and historians blame Houk for over-working a twenty-one-year-old arm that threw dozens of elbow-bending sliders to the tune of 250 innings and twenty-four complete games. Houk himself believed the answer was more complex and finally, probably, unknowable. Wilson pinpoints the exact pitch after which Fidyrich's arm went dead, never to return. Yes, it followed all those complete games, but it also followed a knee injury sustained the following year. Pitching a baseball is stressful and complex. Why successful pitchers fail is equally so. No matter how much or how little one knows about pitching, one will learn something from the way this book unpacks the mystery of Fidrych's arm. Yet the book's value is not merely that it captures "The Bird," either the media sensation, the national craze, or the All-Star pitcher. …


Anonymous. The Woman Turned Bully. Eds. Maria Jose Mora, Manuel J. GomezLara, Rafael Portillo y Juan A. Prieto-Pablos. Barcelona: Publicacions i Edicions Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. 211 pages. ISBN 84-475-3208-7. euro15.The Restoration Comedy Project, based at the University of Sevilla in Spain, is a multifaceted project. It includes: a database "of all the comedies, farces, burlesques and drolls, as well as some tragicomedies in which comedy has a significant part, written in the Restoration period"; a team of researchers who teach and publish regularly on Restoration drama; a website with links to the publications of the research team as well as to external websites with information on aspects of the Restoration period and theatre; and a series of critical editions of Restoration comedies that have been "chosen not only for their literary and dramatic relevance but also considering their availability in the bookshops" (Restoration Comedy Project 2008). This series of critical editions includes Thomas Shadwell's The Virtuoso and Epsom Wells, Joseph Arrowsmith's The Reformation, and now, most recently, the anonymously-authored The Woman Turned Bully, which had not been reprinted since it first appeared in 1675.The play centers on the escapades of Betty Goodfield, the woman turned bully of the title, who has come to London dressed as a man to escape her mother's attempts to wed her to a boorish neighbor in the country. Coached by her similarly cross-dressed maid, Frank, Betty's method for behaving like a young rake about town consists of learning to swear uniquely (as Frank tells Betty, "To swear like a gentleman is to swear in a new phrase, and with a full mouth") and quoting all the newest plays frequently. Betty's arrival in town coincides with that of her brother, who has come to town from Cambridge out of boredom. Ned Goodfield is a friend of Truman, a young blade who is working to get the mortgage of his paternal estates out of the hands of Docket, the greedy lawyer. Docket is guardian to Lucia, a young woman whose £6000 inheritance may only be paid to her in the event that Docket approves her choice of a husband; otherwise, Docket is entitled to keep the money. Docket has therefore virtually imprisoned Lucia so that she can meet no men who will deprive him of her inheritance. Nevertheless, with the aid of Docket's clever assistant, Spruce, Truman and Lucia have met, and since Truman wishes for more wit and spirit in his wife than he thinks Lucia possesses, he introduces Lucia to his friend Ned. Ned, for his part, assures Truman that if he wants a wife of spirit, he can do no better than Ned's sister, Betty. In the meantime, Betty's mother, Madam Goodfield, a country woman who loves to drink Derby ale and smoke Virginia tobacco, has been to see Docket to draw up marriage settlements for her daughter. After an evening spent drinking and smoking together, Docket proposes matrimony to Madam Goodfield. At this point, the comic intrigue reaches its height: Ned Goodfield has promised his sister, Betty, to his friend Truman; Truman has helped Ned to Lucia, Docket's ward; and the problem, of course, is how to bring off the marriages of the young people without the knowledge or interference of the old people.This edition of the play is an extremely thorough one; the precision of the scholarship is most apparent in the footnotes to be found on virtually every page of the introduction. These footnotes, while frequent, are never tediously lengthy, nor do they gloss material that is obvious to the scholarly reader. Rather, they provide critical commentary on various issues raised in the introduction or examples of plays that feature tropes similar to those being discussed in the context of The Woman Turned Bully. The critical introduction to the play runs 48 pages in length and is divided into six sections. The first section, titled "Date and Authorship," discusses the question of the play's premiere date; as the editors point out, there are several questions about the date provided in The London Stage as the play's premiere date. …


This chapter provides an insight into girls' lives beyond the madrasa by focusing on the transition made by some madrasa students from girls' madrasas to higher education in Universities that recognize madrasa degrees.


We too report similar findings. After denervation, motor, sensory, and autonomic functions may be disrupted resulting in xerosis, loss of sweating, loss of sensation, loss of barrier function predisposing to dermatitis, and infection. Although most patients accept this as a smaller trade off, CABG is being increasingly done and measures to either prevent or minimize the complications are justified. An approach to patient management including treatment of the dermatitis with topical corticosteroids and emollients, education regarding possible exacerbating factors and immediate treatment of the complications will help reduce morbidity in patients.


In this paper, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for line splitting graphs of connected graphs to be eulerian. Also we discuss some properties and eulerianity of total blitact graph, full graph and middle blict graph of a graph.


The present work is part of an interdisciplinary project on the future Rock Art Park of Campo Lameiro (Galicia, NW Spain), in which Earth Science disciplines played a fundamental role in the development of the archaeological project. Our investigation focused on the evolution of landforms as a key factor in geoarchaeological analysis. The aim was to determine the influence and control of relief structure on the formation, distribution and genesis of soils and sediments in Campo Lameiro –which may be considered as the environmental archives. This approach is particularly important in this area, due to the scarcity of archaeological remains other than the rock art itself. Soils and sediments are unique archives that have recorded landscape transformations linked to cultural evolution. In the studied area the oldest sedimentary facies date back to the late Pleistocene – early Holocene. From the mid Holocene onwards the dominant processes are erosion and colluviation, in high and low potential energy areas respectively; which implied an intense redistribution of the soil resource through time. During the Bronze Age, when most rock art panels appear to have been made, these processes intensified and the rock surfaces were largely exposed. The environmental dynamics in the area follows a pattern already described for other sectors of NW Spain, and is therefore consistent with the regional evolution. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of paleoenvironmental analyses in building a framework for the comprehension of Galician rock art.


It was observed that crude oil contains wax which tends to solidify at temperature 5-10 oC. From the major problems arising through production, transportation and storage of petroleum crude oil are wax and paraffin depositions, and when the crude oil has a high content of n-Aliphatic hydrocarbon chains that induce, by temperature change, crystallization of nparaffins, thus flow of crude oil becomes tough. Thus chemical additives have been used to minimize the problems caused by the wax deposition and thusthe paraffin crystals grow as the temperature decreases, thereby creating a crystalline net which begins to trap the molecules of liquid hydrocarbon until the oil cannot flow. Point depressants (PPDS)/ flow improvers are used as chemical additives when transporting crude oils at temperature below their wax appearance temperature (WAT). In this paper various types of pour point depressant were studied.


In this paper,first of all,the author analysis the necessity of reading education character of college library from three point of University Library's social functions;building a harmonious society and harmonious campus;university students reading status,proposes to establish Reader Service department and reading Association to set up the library and students as a bridge.Finally according to reader' reading regularity,motivation to read,carries out the reading education,provides some constructive suggestion to elaborate it function.


The author comes to the conclusion that Socrat''s identification of knowledge with abstract thinking did not allow him to show the knowledge as the basis of practical activity, which was the reason for his «irony». On the contrary, Plato understood the knowledge as immediate speculation, which was not identical to abstract thinking and preceded it. This statement showed the knowledge as the basis of practical activity and solved the problems of Socrat''s doctrine.


Over the last few decades courses for Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision have been reserved for Graduate Schools. With the explosion of digital photography and multimedia applications, graduates at the Bachelors and even Associates level, will be called into service manipulating images, audio streams, and video streams on a regular basis. Intriguing assignments can be given even at the Freshmen level which will captivate your students' imaginations, teach basic principals, and bring your students more in-line with the needs of 21st century multimedia computing environments. Could your students write a program to create dynamic collages of images for web page backgrounds? Could your students write a program that would adjust the average luminescence or standardize size and resolution of a batch of images? These are all simple operations that can be taught as soon as your students are introduced to two dimensional arrays.


As the core function of the grid management and grid optimization,grid monitoring system helps the job management model to find the available services and resources,inform status of the object service to user.Furthermore,it helps managers of the resources to analyze the system's performance,find the problem and fix it,allocate the resources properly.In this paper,a browser/server architecture is proposed to construct grid monitoring system——GMSWeb and a prototype system implementation is also presented.With the friendly user interface,the system can obtain and operate parameters of grid resources which are distributed,large-scale,dynamic and heterogeneous.This architecture is well adaptive and scalable by using grid service invoking technique and adopting some features of hierarchical model and SOA architecture.The use of different information gathering mechanisms meets different monitor requirements and enables the flexibility and reliability in monitor system.


Private schools do four things more effectively than public schools, and none of these things is expensive, says this writer, who warns that public school people must emulate their private school counterparts if they are to avoid future difficulties.


With the Australian dollar falling to record lows this article puts the spotlight on exchange rates. It raises three important issues. First, what is the average fall in the $A against a basket of currencies? Second, will the recent fall in the $A translate into lower prices for Australian goods relative to foreign goods? Third, will lower Australian prices relative to foreign prices translate into increased exports and reduced imports and thus an improvement in the balance of trade?


The proliferation of green products/materials in the construction industry (CI) have been traced to the global attention on sustainability. However, greenwashing and continuous specification and use of unsustainable construction products/materials keep restraining the transition of the industry towards the sustainable path. Hence, the need for efficient and effective assessment and labelling tools to provide reliable information about the environmental attributes of construction products/materials. This study sets out to examine the impact of green product eco-labels in achieving the sustainability goals of the CI. An extant review of the literature was conducted on the various available green product eco-labels in use in the industry. Findings revealed two significant types of eco-labels namely: single attribute and multiple-attribute. Specification and use of construction products/materials with household-named and reliable eco-labels by construction professionals and stakeholders is recommended, as this step has the potential of mitigating the negative environmental impacts of the CI. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Budapest University of Technology and Economics & Diamond Congress Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.


Binding sites for Concanavalin A (Con A) can move on the surface membrane. This induction of movement resulted in the formation of caps of Con A membrane‐site complexes in normal lymph‐node or spleen lymphocytes, but not in a line of malignant lymphoma cells. This indicates a difference in the mobility of Con A sites on the surface membrane of normal lymphocytes and lymphoma cells. Binding sites for the lectin from wheat germ (WGA) did not form caps either on normal lymphocytes or on lymphoma cells. Normal lymphocytes with caps induced by Con A still showed binding of WGA to the rest of the membrane. The mobility of Con A sites was, therefore, independent of WGA sites. The difference in the mobility of binding sites for Con A on the surface membrane of normal lymphocytes and lymphoma cells suggests that changes in the fluid state of the carbohydrate‐containing structures on the surface where the Con A sites are located, are associated with malignant cell transformation.


The definition "dark spring" is an aspect that has seemed in our poetry since the middle of the 17th century in which Indian form began to influence Divan poetry. Also including the canception of contrariness this definition seems to take part in the poetry with this form. When we examine the couplets including the definition "dark spring" we see that this definition has been used in order to express the position in which the facial characteristics of the lover occured. Beiiutiful face of the lover which reminds spring with its brightness, brilliance and colour transforms into "dark spring" with the occurance of dark facial characteristics. Another form similar to "dark spring" in the poetry is "dark spiritual light" and it seems in the poetry in the same period with "dark spring". Although they sametimes correspond each other "dark sp iritual light" often means the curl on the forehead of the beautiful lover. lt seems that the definitions "dark spring" and "dark spiritual light" symbolize divine beauty and the spiritual situation of the lover just before the union in esateric way while they symbolize the beauty of the lover's face and forehead in exoterical way.


In this paper, we address the need for developing critical consciousness in students in institutions of learning. Grounded in Freire's thoughts on critical pedagogy and drawing from studies and research on critical consciousness, we contend that developing students who transform culture must involve raising their level of critical awareness and increasing social engagement and critical action. This paper examines the literature on critical consciousness development and draws attention to factors that are necessary for developing critical consciousness in students. Special attention is given to creating a curriculum and school culture that result in students who are critically aware and engaged in addressing social issues. A model for critical consciousness development is provided with recommendations for administrators, teachers, and curriculum designers.


Interview with Professor Manuel Salto-Tellez by Claire Raison, Commissioning Editor Professor Manuel Salto-Tellez of Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland is an expert histopathologist and molecular diagnostician. Professor Salto-Tellez is a lead investigator at the Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory and also serves as a member of the Editorial Advisory Board for Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics. In this interview, he proposes directions for the future of molecular pathology and molecular diagnostics, integrating all aspects of pathology toward a common goal.


A virtual power plant (VPP) is a hybrid system that can be seen as a black box for hedging the risks of electricity markets for integrating distributed energy resources. Different combinations of participants in VPP will lead to the changes in the risk characteristics. How to handle these risks is the important issues in researches and applications of VPP. This paper introduces the latest research and illustrates risk management from three aspects: risk source, risk measurement and handling methods in spot, medium and long-term markets. At last, we find that financial tools maybe a good way to deal with the risks of VPP.


The hyperbaric oxygen therapy (3 ata O2, 60 min exposure) of hemorrhagic shock in cats (arterial pressure--60/50 mm Hg) prevents a sharp increase of ammonia, urea, alanin, gamma-aminobutyric acid content in the brain, typical of oxygen deficiency, and activates glutamine formation. The processes of ammonia detoxication connected with glutamate and glutamine synthesis intensification course more intensively in the sensory-motor cortex than in the limbic brain structures.


Submitted — Recent determinations of the dipole transition strengths between the 6 2 S 1 / 2 ground state of Ba + and the 6 2 P 1 / 2 and 6 2 P 3 / 2 levels combined two types of Rydberg Ba fine structure measurements, perturbed binding energy measurements and K-splitting measurements, to deter-mine both transition strengths and their ratio more precisely than allowed by existing lifetime measurements [1]. The precision of these results, however, was limited not by the Rydberg measurements, but by uncertainty in the calculation of the polarizability of Ba 2+ which had not been measured directly. The recently reported measurement of this polarizability [2] allows an improved analysis of existing Rydberg data and reduces the uncertainty in the inferred transition strengths. Snow, Phys. Rev. A (2009)


At the end of the year 2012, the Kyoto climate agreement will be history. Dening new mitigation targets in the Post-Kyoto world is therefore an important task for policy makers and scientists today. At the same time, the mitigation tools to achieve the dened


DEAR FURIOUS, an OC/LA hardcore/metal band featuring ex members of THROWDOWN, STRIFE, A CHORUS OF DISAPPROVAL, ADAMANTIUM, and OUTSPOKEN, have been busy ...


An overview of a greenhouse monitoring system that was constructed utilizing IoT devices and sensors is provided in this abstract. By offering real-time monitoring and management of environmental elements essential for plant development, the system attempts to optimize the cultivation process. Sensors with IoT capabilities gather information on temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and CO2 levels, which is then sent to a central hub or cloud platform for analysis. The system has benefits including automation, data-driven decision-making, and remote monitoring. On their cell phones, farmers may get real-time data and warnings, allowing for flexible control of greenhouse operations. In order to find trends and recommend measures for enhancing agricultural output and resource utilisation, machine learning algorithms analyse the sensor data. Automation enables accurate environmental parameter management, lowering human error and increasing productivity. Farmers may increase crop output, maximise resource usage, and support sustainable agricultural practises by putting in place an IoT-based greenhouse monitoring system.


Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are unique in many respects. The preparation method reported here is based on their extremely low vapour pressure that allows for their usage in vacuum. By magnetron sputtering of nickel or by co-sputtering of Ni-Fe or Ag-Cu on a surface of several imidazolium-based RTILs, we prepared nanocolloids containing metallic nanoparticles ranging in size from 6 to 30 nm, depending on the kind of RTIL, with low size dispersion. The nanocolloids are stable in time, no sedimentation or agglomeration was observed after two years. The method can be used also for preparation of the nanoparticles from semiconducting or insulating materials. As the next step, nanocolloids prepared in this way can be used for decoration of thin-film gas sensors by proper nanoparticles aiming at enhancement of their sensitivity and selectivity. Two ways of immobilization are presented - mild heating of a drop of colloid containing Ni-Fe nanoparticles placed on TEM mesh, and Ag-Cu nanoparticles that were immobilized on the surface of gold thin-film electrode by electrophoresis.


Three complete basis set models of Petersson et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2598 (1996)], CBS-Q, CBS-q, and CBS-4, have been assessed on the G2 neutral test set of 148 molecules [J. Chem. Phys. 106, 1063 (1997)]. The average absolute deviations with experiment of the calculated enthalpies of formation from the three CBS methods are 1.57 kcal/mol (CBS-Q), 2.13 kcal/mol (CBS-q), and 3.06 kcal/mol (CBS-4). The maximum deviations of the methods are 11.2, 10.3, and 14.4 kcal/mol. respectively. The most accurate method, CBS-Q, has an average absolute deviation similar to that of G2 theory. The three CBS methods have also been assessed on a 40 molecule set using isodesmic bond separation reactions to calculate enthalpies of formation. There is a significant improvement in the accuracy of the enthalpies compared to those calculated using atomization energies, although not as much as for G2 theory. In a test on naphthalene, enthalpies calculated using the CBS methods have large deviations. The CBS-Q method has a devi...


Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive transforaminal lumber interbody fusion via channel and traditional operation in treating single-level lumbar degenerative disease. Methods From Mar. 2010 to Jul. 2012,51 cases of lumbar degenerative disease were surgically treated,including 15 cases by minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion( TLIF)( MIS-TLIF group),and 36 cases by conventional open transforaminal treatment( open-TLIF group). The operative time,intraoperative and postoperative bleeding,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complications,visual analogue scale /score( VAS),and Oswestry disability index( ODI) were compared between the two groups. The fusion rate was evaluated with Suk's standard. Results All the 51 patients were followed up for 10 to 20 months( mean 13. 6 months). The results between the two groups showed similar operation time( t = 0. 386,P = 0. 702). The intraoperative and postoperative bleeding was reduced and the postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in MIS-TLIF group( P 0. 05). There was 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and 1 case of wound infection in open-TLIF group,in which the complication rate was5. 6%( 2 /36). There was 1 case of irritation of the dorsal root ganglion symptoms in MIS-TLIF group,in which the complication rate was 6. 7%( 1 /15). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups( χ2= 0. 567,P = 0. 427),and no significant difference on VAS scores between the two groups on discharge and 3 months after discharge( P 0. 05). VAS score was significantly lower at the final follow-up in the MIS-TLIF group than that in the open-TLIF group( t =- 2. 022,P = 0. 047). At three months after operation and the last follow-up,there was no statistical difference in ODI between the two groups( P 0. 05). Imaging studies revealed good position of cage and internal fixation in the two groups,with the fusion rate of 100%.Conclusion The clinical efficacy of MIS-TLIF in treating single-segment lumbar degenerative disease is similar to that of open-TLIF,which has advantages of minimal trauma and fast postoperative recovery.


This article reports on a survey of US technological competitiveness in the global economy. The survey ranks the United States against other countries, it identifies current problems interfering with technological competitiveness in both the United States and other countries, and it examines the importance of different management practices and government policies for improving competitiveness. The survey was conducted among scientists, engineers and managers from over thirty–five different countries, and was conducted during the Second International Conference on the Management of Technology held in Miami, Florida, in March 1990. The survey results are analysed and interpretations are made in light of US and international issues.


Although microscopy still remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and PCR assays have been shown to be sensitive and specific. Very few comparative studies have been reported of the three diagnostic methods on the same samples in vulnerable groups. Microscopy, RDTs and PCR assays were used for detection and speciation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), Plasmodium malariae (Pm) and Plasmodium ovale (Po) in patients in a rice culture savanna ecotype. Fifty four children and 16 pregnant women presenting with a fever were recruited. Bloods collected was used for thin and thick smears, perform RDTs and spotted blood on filter paper for DNA extraction and performance of a PCR. Mean parasitaemia was 37,619.06 (± 33,599.04) p/ȝL and 7,512.5 (± 12,446.11) p/µL for children and pregnant women, respectively. A total of 87.14% were positive by microscopy, 85.71% by RDTs and 90% by PCR. Distribution of Plasmodium species as identified by PCR was 72.86% Pf/Pm, 11.43% Pf/Pm/Po and 5.43% Pm while 10% were negative. Cohen's Kappa value for PCR and RDTs was K = 0.75 (CI = 0.28-1.22) while PCR and microscopy was K = 0.64 (CI = 0.18-1.10). Malaria infection in Bangolan was mostly due to mix infection predominantly P. falciparum/P. malariae.


The present work reflects the evolution of insanity in the Spanish cultural, social and historical context. The sequence of events and the interrelation of social systems have improved "assistance", "care" and "medical attention" towards an understanding of the patient's needs and the application of new medical theories. Nursing role reflects -since the beginning of times- a discipline build by the effort and participation of all those who cared during centuries. On the other hand, social policies in their integrating role have made insanity adapt to cultural contexts. Throughout the article it is shown how the "insane" have adapted to different forms of institutionalization and disinstitutionalization leading to the current situation.


This paper presents a new approach to dealing with default rules of the form "generally, if α then β" having possibly some exceptions. Our approach can be described in three steps: we first extend System P of Kraus, Lehmann and Magidor to both deal with strict rules (rules without exceptions) and default rules. Next, given an incomplete information called a context, we compute the set of rules for which the context does not represent an exceptional situation, and we transform these default rules into strict rules. Lastly, we use the extension of System P defined in the first step to infer plausible conclusions. We show that this local way to dealing with default information allows us to correctly handle the well-known problems of specificity, irrelevance, blocking of inheritance, ambiguity, and redundancy.


Abstract Let $M$ and $N$ be admissible Hausdorff topological spaces endowed with admissible families of open coverings. Assume that $\mathcal{S}$ is a semigroup acting on both $M$ and $N$ . In this paper we study the behavior of limit sets, prolongations, prolongational limit sets, attracting sets, attractors, and Lyapunov stable sets (all concepts defined for the action of the semigroup $\mathcal{S}$ ) under equivariant maps and semiconjugations from $M$ to $N$ .


This paper summaries our research works on chemical behaviors of boron and its effects on plants from a variety of forms, including adsorption, desorption, movement and leaching of boron in soil, uptake by plants, mobility in plants, and physiological function in plants of the element.


Two fields containing peculiar configurations of quasars with large dispersions in redshift have been discussed by Arp and Hazard (1980). These fields were observed at 1400 and at 430 MHz with the Arecibo telescope to search for bridging or extended radio emission that might physically link the quasars. No such emission was found.


The accelerograms of some large earthquakes recorded by digital accelerographs are used for analyzing the features of long period component of strong ground motion. The mean acceleration response spectra and their fitting spectra for different sites are derived. The characteristic periods and the spectral values for long period portion of the design spectra in the code for seismic design of buildings (GB50011-2001) of China are obviously lower than those from the statistical results. A suggestion on modifying the design spectra is made and an experimental relation of spectral values with different damping ratios is proposed.


The frequent pattern mining in data streams is more challenging than mining the patterns in traditional databases since several requirements need to be additionally satisfied. In the sliding-window model of data streams, transactions both enter into and leave from the window at each sliding. The continuous, unbounded, and ordered sequence of data items generated at a rapid rate in a data stream so the database become very larger and frequent pattern mining methods have been faced problem that do not appropriately respond to the unbounded data. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to discover the set of latest frequent patterns from dynamic data stream using sliding window model and CSW (compact sliding window) tree. In addition, not only support conditions but also improved weight constraints are used to express the items and gain the resulting maximal frequent patterns more quickly. Extensive experiments report that this method has outstanding performance in terms of runtime, memory usage as compare to previous algorithms.


Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) such as Enoxaparin are currently derived from porcine mucosal heparin (PMH). The same depolymerization methods that retrieve this enoxaparin from unfractionated heparin can be used from other sources, including from sheep, resulting in ovine enoxaparin. Previous studies have compared non‐good manufacturing practice (GMP) batches of ovine enoxaparin and comparing them to porcine mucosal enoxaparin. The purpose of this study is to compare the pharmacokinetics of GMP ovine mucosal enoxaparin (OME) with that of porcine mucosal enoxaparin (PME).


16 Hydroelectric power plants are an important source of energy in mountainous regions. The large reservoir lakes behind dams often create a picturesque scene, despite the fact that the dams are made of huge, vertically aligned, reinforced-concrete blocks. There are more than 160 such dams in Austria alone. However, these dams can pose a risk to the environment if structural damage occurs. Hence, deformation monitoring measurements are carried out at regular intervals to ensure dam safety. Traditionally, such measurements are taken using total Highly accurate measurements with a high temporal resolution have always been a challenge, especially for locations that are hard to reach since conventional geodetic deformation methods are often unsuitable for such locations. With fibre-optic deformation monitoring, cables can be embedded in an object and left alone to provide permanent deformation monitoring measurements. Such a system was installed in a dam in Austria to provide insight into the expansion of joints inside the dam when the reservoir level changes.