The article shows that the formation of human spirituality comes in initially existing spiritual space. The author identifies the elements of spiritual space: the moral norm, which is the basis of morality, giving the actions of human moral coloring; system of spiritual and moral values that are absorbed by man, from childhood; spiritual culture. Spiritual culture is represented by four areas: projective, cognitive, value-oriented human activities and spiritual communion. The author points out that the man, turning in the spiritual space, acquires moral standards and spiritual culture, and forms a system of moral values. This forms the inner spiritual world that exists in the spiritual unity of space and time, and characterizes the appearance of the spiritual man field. Spiritual field is represented by a system of meanings; there are emerging mechanisms of development of the individual spirituality. In the spiritual field includes spiritual and moral feelings and experiences. The core of the spiritual field is the human need for self-realization of the potential of spiritual possibilities. Spiritual space exists not only in the present and in the past and the future. Being in the spiritual space means that people should follow the spiritual and moral laws and have spiritual needs


In this volume the contributors explore the manner in which Americans have discussed and practised their patriotism over the last 200 years. Their essays investigate the extent to which the promise of democracy has explained citizen loyalty and what other factors - such as devotion to home and family - have influenced patriotism. How patriotism has served as a tool to maintain the power of a dominant group and to obscure internal social ills is also discussed. The text examines the use of patriotic language and symbols in building unity in the early republic, rebuilding the nation after the Civil War, and sustaining loyalty in an increasingly diverse society. Continuing through the World Wars to the Clinton residency, the essay topics range from multiculturism to reactions toward masculine power.


For the demand of mobile and convenient application for university personnel management system in the Internet era, this paper designs a set of personal management system of colleges based on mobile web technology. Using Sencha Touch of mobile web technology as programming tool, the system is created consist of the new staff enter management module, the staff unified management module, permission configuration module, the identity authentication management module, etc. then the mobile and intelligent management of university personnel management is realized. It not only can replace some daily recruit management tedious jobs but also can fully utilize Internet/Intranet to collect and issue information fast. The instance gives a good way to develop Web-Based Human Resource System. Keywords—mobile web; Sencha Touch; personnel management system; system design


Resonant Inductive Coupling Wireless Power Transfer is a key technology to provide an efficient and harmless wireless energy channel to consumer electronics, biomedical implants and wireless sensor networks. However, current applications are limited to point-to-point links and do not explore the capabilities of Multi-Node Resonant Inductive Coupling Wireless Power Transfer Systems. In such a system, the multi-path relaying effect between different nodes could effectively improve the performance of the link in terms of power transferred to the load and power transfer efficiency. However, depending on the impedance and resonant frequency of the nodes that generate the multi-path effect, these nodes could also act as interfering objects, therefore a) making the transmitter and/or receiver act as a pass-band filter and b) loosing part of the transmitter magnetic field through coupling to the interfering node. In this article, a circuit-based analytical model that predicts the behavior of a Multi-Node Resonant Inductive Coupling link is proposed and used to perform a design-space exploration of the multi-path relaying effect in RIC Wireless Power Transfer Systems.


The author explains the historical and commercial factors that have led the French National Railways to participate--generally as a charterer and not as a carrier--in the three aspects of the transport of freight by road: long distance, short distance and cartage.


With the development of multimodal teaching methodology and the importation of multimedia teaching equipment,multimodal discourse analysis of university English class is increasingly important.From a multimodal perspective,the videos of excellent English teachers' classes are marked and analyzed.On one hand,description of multimodality in successful English class reveals enlightenment for foreign language teaching;on the other hand,discussion of the relation between different modes and their different effect helps to construct principles of designing,selecting and manipulating modes.Modes coordinate together and construct meanings in classroom teaching,which works cooperatively to achieve teaching goals.


This paper studies the impact of a dispersive gain/loss material model on Parity-Time (PT) coupled microresonator cavity structures using the time-domain Transmission-Line Modelling method. A modal analysis is also performed to compare the modal composition in the dispersive and non-dispersive cases. Furthermore, waveguide-to-waveguide coupler based on the coupled PT-resonant microresonators is analysed to see how the resulting modal profiles are manifested in the power transmitted between input/output ports.


In this paper,using a questionnaire survey,field interviews and documents the method of combining inspection,in some areas of Guangxi status of primary and secondary school teachers training system on the basis of research,pointing out that the current Guangxi training for primary and secondary school teachers in the presence of defects,and make relevant Solutions.


Joyce Berryman is acting head of the Department of Commerce of the James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia. The failure of small businesses has serious implications for employment in many countries and much is said and written about small business failure and bankruptcy. Authors and speakers are usually interested therefore in suggesting means of avoiding such disasters. They are bad for the economy because they mean last jobs and a drop in the gross national product as well as promoting a lack of confidence in the small business sector; for the small businessman they may be degrading and disappointing in addition to the personal hardship involved. This survey of the literature on bankruptcy and failure has been undertaken to bring together what has been said so far.


It is not well known that the Greeks themselves revived the Olympics before Coubertin was born.They held National Olympic Games in 1859,1870 and 1875.Evanglis Zappas offered to fund the entire Olympic revival from his own overflowing pocket.Therefore Coubertion was hardly the first to claim the title "Founder of the modern Olympics"and the first modern Olympics was held in Athens in 1896,or Athens of 1859.After Zappas death,he lay his head in Olympia.Coubertin also had his heart severed from his body at death,and then shipped to Olympia,on a pillar at Olympia one can read,Baron pierre Coubertin:Here rested the heart.


In this paper, a quasi-resonant switched-capacitor (QRSC) multilevel inverter (MLI) is proposed with self-voltage balancing for single-phase high-frequency ac (HFAC) microgrids. It is composed of a QRSC circuit (QRSCC) in the frontend and an H-bridge circuit in the backend. The input voltage is divided averagely by the series-connected capacitors in QRSCC, and any voltage level can be obtained by increasing the capacitor number. The different operational mechanism and the resulting different application make up for the deficiency of the existing switched-capacitor topologies. The capacitors are connected in parallel partially or wholly when discharging to the load, thus the self-voltage balancing is realized without any high-frequency balancing algorithm. In other words, the proposed QRSC MLI is especially adapted for HFAC fields, where fundamental frequency modulation is preferred when considering the switching frequency and the resulting loss. The quasi-resonance technique is utilized to suppress the current spikes that emerge from the instantaneous parallel connection of the series-connected capacitors and the input source, decreasing the capacitance, increasing their lifetimes, and reducing the electromagnetic interference, simultaneously. The circuit analysis, power loss analysis, and comparisons with typical switched-capacitor topologies are presented. To evaluate the superior performances, a nine-level prototype is designed and implemented in both simulation and experiment, whose results confirm the feasibility of the proposed QRSC MLI.


The March, 1942 is marked with the event of Cripps Mission in India. Sending by the British war cabinet, the main purpose of this Mission was to gain India's political and military support. Because during the early period of Second World War , Britain was too much disturbed by the victories of Axis powers and the joining of Japan in Axis groups. In this crucial situation the possibility of the Japanese attack on India was raised. That's why Cripps Mission was launched. But its main offer i.e. the Dominion Status after the war and not a single word mention for war time National Government Compelled the Indian leaders to reject the Cripps proposals. But it is not the whole story. It must be said that with the Cripps Mission the process of constitutional development in India acquired a new dimension. At the same time the desperateness of Indian leaders due to Cripps's failure compelled them to launch more intense mass movement which accelerated the process of gaining the independence for India. Thus it can be said that Cripps Mission is the beginning process to the way of Indian independence.


Berthing and unberthing maneuver is essential work for marine pilots and securing the safety against risks during the maneuver is more important than anything else. Moreover, the maneuvering environment in ports and harbors has changed rapidly and got worse due to development of a new port, the advent of a new type or large-sized ship, and the rapid increase in harbor traffic. As one of measures taken to cope with such changes in the maneuvering environment and for each pilot to improve his own maneuvering ability, this paper developed laptop-based ship-handling simulator which is readily available anytime and anywhere. This paper is to develop a conning display for ship's maneuvering and electronic chart based display widely used nowadays to represent a model ship's movement. The displays were arranged appropriately considering pilot age, easy handling by mouse, using a maximum screen, proper arrangement of rudder, engine, thruster, tug etc and representation of information. Up to now thirteen (13) model ships were developed based on real-ship, whose mathematical model is Japanese MMG & pilots' low speed maneuver.


The notion of the lexical error is especially difficult to pinpoint and define mainly because it lies within a rather fuzzy area, between 'right' and 'wrong', and no absolute compliance among users should be expected concerning the existence of an error and its actual gravity. Things become even worse in cases of lexical doublets (Fergusson 1959), such as ' στις μία η ώρα / στη μία η ώρα ', ' αθλητίατρος / αθλίατρος ' etc. In this piece of research future teachers of Greek evaluate specific lexical doublets through the prism of fuzzy set theory and via the V&V bar.


Abstract The upsurge of interest in the development of methodologies for the construction of sulfur-containing compounds via the use of expedient reagents has established sustainable tools in organic chemistry. This review focuses on sulfonylation reactions using inorganic sulfites (Na2S2O5 or K2S2O5) as the sulfur dioxide surrogates. Compared to the bis-adduct with DABCO, which is an excellent surrogate of gaseous SO2, the use of sodium or potassium metabisulfites as SO2 surrogates are equally efficient. The objective of the current review is to exemplify recent sulfonylation reactions using inorganic sulfites. For better understanding, the review is categorized according to the mode of reactions: transition-metal-catalyzed SO2 insertion, metal-free SO2 insertion, and visible-light-mediated SO2 insertion. All the reactions in each of the sections are illustrated with selected examples with a pertinent explanation of the proposed mechanism. 1 Introduction 2 Outlines of the Reactions Involving SO2 Insertion 2.1 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed SO2 Insertion 2.2 Transition-Metal-Free SO2 Insertion 2.3 Visible-Light-Mediated SO2 Insertion 3 Conclusion and Outlook


The deformation and rotation of the optical indicatrix and the scattering of light in the incommensurate phases which consist of a sequence of phases with superstructures are investigated. The periods of such superstructures are large but commensurate with the period of the crystalline lattice. The values of deformation and rotation of the optical indicatrix are determined on the basis of the analysis of light passed through [N(CH3)4]2FeCl4 and [N(CH3)4]2CuCl4 crystals. The pulsing deformation of the optical indicatrix and its rotation in the commensurate regions are found in the incommensurate phase. It is shown that the investigated scattering of light is connected with the scattering on the phason.

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This study aims to determine the effect of social media cancellation or cyber-ostracism on the mental condition of Instagram users based on the temporal need-threat model, as well as to assess the potential role of trait mindfulness in managing its negative effects. University student participants (M age = 21.248; SD = 1.21) were divided into cyber-ostracism scenario (n = 180) versus inclusion scenario (n = 179) groups and were required to complete the mood, four basic needs, and trait mindfulness scales. The results showed that cyber-ostracism had greater impact on the threat of the four basic needs compared to the mood of participants. Furthermore, trait mindfulness was found to predict lower threats to the needs of belonging, control, and meaningful existence, but not to self-esteem. The results also showed that the inclusion of trait mindfulness reduced the influence of cyber-ostracism on the fulfillment of control needs. These findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of cyber-ostracism and its emotional effects, as well as bridge the gap between the public phenomenon of cancel culture and ostracism literature.


except the citadel; but that Gyges died a violent death in this invasion we only know from the Assyrian inscriptions, and the occupation of Lydia by the Cimmerians must have been at the beginning of the reign of Ardys. After this Ardys king of Lydia returned to the allegiance which his father had thrown off and sent tribute to Assur-bani-pal king of Assyria. British Museum, September 9th 1868. G. Smith.


Globalization and digitization make it necessary to teach students of mechanical engineering early about complex, interlinked and critical thinking through innovative teaching and learning concepts. At Ravensburg-Weingarten University (RWU), Digitization in the age of Industry 4.0 means networking across borders. The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering has been pursuing a curriculum networking approach in teaching for several semesters. Didactic core element is a product lead example, which connects the courses showing cross-links to the later occupational field. The objective is to impart the required competences to the engineers of tomorrow, in a manner that is as application-oriented as possible. At the same time student satisfaction and self-directed engagement with new teaching content is strengthened by the use of new media and methods like problem-based learning. By including the institutional environment, teaching at RWU is identified as a joint task. In order to involve the students more in design processes of teaching, interviews are held regularly at RWU. Accompanying research results have shown that this approach bears fruit and offers further potential in terms of student heterogeneity and the versatility of modern mechanical engineering.


The development of commercial Cloud environments has been fueled by the introduction of new technologies which have changed the interactions between the base components of a legacy IT infrastructure: computing, networking, and storage. In particular, the security of data and operations has been impacted by these changes, making the legacy security infrastructure no longer adequate to support new scenarios. This chapter illustrates how base infrastructure operations like software provisioning and resource virtualization are critical from a security viewpoint. It will also discuss the mitigation solutions available in guaranteeing an adequate level of security in the Cloud. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1631-8.ch009


The mechanism of cure initiation of a recently developed surface-activated adhesive is described. This one-part acrylic adhesive is catalyzed to cure by interaction with a zinc substrate. The critical ingredients for surface initiation are a sulfonyl halide, a copper salt, and an acid. The first step is reduction of the sulfonyl halide to a zinc sulfinate salt on the metal surface. The sulfinate then becomes protonated through action of the acid and is released from the surface. The sulfinic acid interacts with copper ion, perhaps through an intermediate sulfinyl sulfone moiety, and subsequently initiates polymerization of the methacrylate monomers.


Part 1 Introduction, D.Simpson and W.G.Simpson investigation of working enivronments a viewpoint from the CBI, John Banham legal requirements, S.G.Luxon measurement, J.G.Firth statutory records, Peter J. Hewitt recording COSHH assessments, P.Hopkin microbiological aspects, C.H. Collins compliance int he newspaper printing industry, S.King application in retail business, D.Simpson and W.G. Simpson application in a research environment, J.P.Samuels COSHH and the air, land, water, environments - an integrated approach, R.W.Hazell, S.G.Luxon and M.L. Richardson. Appendix: signs and labels.


There's an arising need for theoretical and methodological tools to predict how much and how landscape changes will impact animal movements. In fact, conservation planning in the face of landscape changes requires realistic predictions of impacts on biotic flows and species dispersals. The goal of What-if Flow Connectivity is to simulate what happens to biotic shifts over real landscapes if landscape changes happen. What-if FC calculates the spatial divergence of the biotic flow with respect to the inertial (i.e. where no landscape changes are considered) flow due to landscape changes. So doing, What-if Flow Connectivity not only predicts the most likely biotic routes imposed by landscape changes to one species, but also estimates the impact of such changes in terms of spatial divergence and differential shift effort with respect to the inertial (no landscape changes) scenario. What-if Flow Connectivity comes with the software Connectivity-Lab whose outputs are the vectors of the faunal (inertial and what-if) movements plus the statistics of the movement (inertial and what-if) efforts.


The influential Indian Control of Indian Education (ICIE) policy statement, written by the National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) in 1972, galvanized widespread Indigenous resistance to Canadian human rights abuses that included child apprehension policies and practices (Hansen, n.d.). Forty-one years since its release, and three years after the Assembly of First Nations re-affirmed its principles in its First Nations Control of First Nations Education (2010) policy document, the ICIE serves as the policy context from which this Indigenist study begins. Two purposes drive this study. The first purpose is to examine the implications of the ICIE policy on contemporary urban Indigenous child populations living at the intersection of Canada's child protection and education systems. The second purpose is to evoke the presence of this silenced population of Indigenous children, and privilege their Canadian educational and child protection experiences in peer-reviewed literature, policy, practice, advocacy, and research agendas. A clear recommendation for Canada, emerging from this research, is to establish an independent Indigenous advocacy organization to focus solely on the education of Indigenous children in its child protection system. Its mandate must be to eliminate the educational gap between Indigenous children that have been removed from their families and relocated to Canada's child protection system and those that have not.IntroductionThe 1972 Indian Control of Indian Education (ICIE) policy statement was written as a protest and resistance to human rights abuses, genocidal policies, and practices enacted by successive Canadian governments against vulnerable Indigenous children. These Indian residential school (1RS) atrocities were commended in the name of education and child safety, and yet history has proven they were anything but educational or safe (Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2013). The National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) wrote the ICIE document while the notorious 1RS project was being phased out, and yet it was 1996, some 24 years later, before all Indian residential schools were closed. It would not be until 36 years later, in 2008, before Canada was legally forced to apologize to 80,000 1RS survivors for the atrocities committed against generations of Indigenous children by teachers, principals, custodians, Christian church officials, and state representatives, among many others. The deliberate misery that was the 1RS project was not the only educational weapon or form of genocide that Canada aimed at Indigenous children. The ICIE policy statement was written in the midst of the infamous "Sixties Scoop" era between the 1960s and 1980s. The term Sixties Scoop was coined by Patrick Johnston (1983) and refers to the forcible removal of more than 20,000 Indigenous children from their families and communities, and their national and international transfer to primarily white foster and adoption homes (Sinclair, 2007a; Walmsley, 2005). The child removals were accomplished with the complicit help of the collective muscle of the Canadian police, social workers, teachers, judiciary, clergy, and state, and resulted in the loss of Indigenous identity and grief for untold thousands (Sinclair, 2007b).Yet for all their influence, the 1972 ICIE and subsequent 2010 First Nations Control of First Nations Education policies have not significantly addressed the educational gap that exists between Indigenous children who have never been in Canada's child protection system, and those who have. A central principle of the NIB ICIE policy statement is that in order to address Indian student educational withdrawal and failure rates, Indian parents must have local control of education and the responsibility to set goals for their children. Considering what these two 1972 ICIE principles mean, for today's urban Indigenous populations in Canada it is problematic on any social, economic, and political levels. …


'New Ways of Working' is a term that has been bandied about for years. In the public and private sectors, organizations are always considering how to work more efficiently. The NHS is very much dictated to by government directives and European legislation.


At least 10 closed venereology wards existed in the GDR. To this date, the history of these wards has not yet been investigated thoroughly.


Much research within decision-making has used the standard gambling paradigm where decision outcomes depend only on chance. Many real life decisions, however simply personal control over decision outcomes. This paper addressed the question of how internal controllability influences decision-making. Internal controllability is assumed (i) to enhance unrealistic optimism and (ii) to result in a better cost:benefit ratio. Both tendencies support each other and predict an enhanced attractiveness for internal and controllable choice options. Participants read a scenario and made a decision afterwards. Results supported the prediction: decision-makers take the option they can personally control. This finding widens the narrow perspective inherent in much previous research based on the gambling paradigm.


Experiments as well as accompanying simulations are described that serve in preparation of a space flight experiment to study the dynamics of miscible interfaces. The investigation specifically addresses the importance of both nonsolenoidal effects as well as nonconventional Korteweg stresses in flows that give rise to steep but finite concentration gradients. The investigation focuses on the flow in which a less viscous fluid displaces one of higher viscosity and different density within a narrow capillary tube. The fluids are miscible in all proportions. An intruding finger forms that occupies a fraction of the total tube diameter. Depending on the flow conditions, as expressed by the Peclet number, a dimensionless viscosity ratio, and a gravity parameter, this fraction can vary between approximately 0.9 and 0.2. For large Pe values, a quasi-steady finger forms, which persists for a time of O(Pe) before it starts to decay, and Poiseuille flow and Taylor dispersion are approached asymptotically. Depending on the specific flow conditions, we observe a variety of topologically different streamline patterns, among them some that leak fluid from the finger tip. For small Pe values, the flow decays from the start and asymptotically reaches Taylor dispersion after a time of O(Pe). Comparisons between experiments and numerical simulations based on the 'conventional' assumption of solenoidal velocity fields and without Korteweg stresses yield poor agreement as far as the Pe value is concerned that distinguishes these two regimes. As one possibility, we attribute this lack of agreement to the disregard of these terms. An attempt is made to use scaling arguments in order to evaluate the importance of the Korteweg stresses and of the assumption of solenoidality. While these effects should be strongest in absolute terms when steep concentration fronts exist, i.e., at large Pe, they may be relatively most important at lower values of Pe. We subsequently compare these conventional simulations to more complete simulations that account for nonvanishing divergence as well as Korteweg stresses. While the exact value of the relevant stress coefficients are not known, ballpark numbers do exist, and their use in the simulations indicates that these stresses may indeed be important. We plan to evaluate these issues in detail by means of comparing a space experiment with corresponding simulations, in order to extract more accurate Korteweg stress coefficients, and to confirm or deny the importance of such stresses.


This paper presents a method for simulating decorative tile mosaics. Such mosaics are challenging because the square tiles that comprise them must be packed tightly and yet must follow orientations chosen by the artist. Based on an existing image and user-selected edge features, the method can both reproduce the image's colours and emphasize the selected edges by placing tiles that follow the edges. The method uses centroidal voronoi diagrams which normally arrange points in regular hexagonal grids. By measuring distances with an manhattan metric whose main axis is adjusted locally to follow the chosen direction field, the centroidal diagram can be adapted to place tiles in curving square grids instead. Computing the centroidal voronoi diagram is made possible by leveraging the z-buffer algorithm available in many graphics cards.


Lithium batteries are prone to energetic venting, i gnit on, and even explosion following severe overcharging [1 ]. Even slight overcharging reduces the discharge capa city of a cell, potentially causing overdischarging, inc reased impedance, and local heating [2]. Battery packs for consumer electronics are protected by electronic co ntrols and by internal shutdown mechanisms like melting separators and pressure or temperature-activated disconnects. In a multi-cell stack capable of deli vering several hundred volts, permanently shutting down a cell reduces the usable capacity of the stack and adds t o the burden of the remaining cells in parallel circuit. Complex re-routing of current around overcharged cells is impractical in these stacks.


The aim of this article is to illustrate the experiences of Mennonites in relation to education during and between the world wars and during the years immediately following World War 11. It is not the intent to provide a comprehensive account of such experiences, nor is the account necessarily balanced in relation to all of Canada. Most of the information I was able to locate in archives and libraries located in Winnipeg highlighted experiences in the prairie provinces. It also became apparent to me that some important incidents had not been collected and recorded, and it was necessary to ask a selected sample of persons to relate their experiences and observations. The impact of the world wars on education among Mennonites cannot be isolated from other determining factors, some of which may have had greater influence that the war itself. One can only speculate about how different the current state of affairs in education among Mennonites might have been had Canada not been involved in either of the two major wars. Prior to World War I1 (WW 11) most Mennonites in Canada were rural people; today most are urban. Mechanization and automation would in any case have reduced the need for manpower on farms. Young people would have had to seek employment elsewhere, and would necessarily have sought training in order to qualify for employment other than on farms. Industrial development, apart from its impact on agricultural methods, promoted the service vocations and accelerated the urbanization of a nation. Rural people everywhere migrated to the towns and cities for training and employment, and quickly accommodated to urban life. By now large numbers of second and third generation Mennonites are urbanites. No doubt the war economy accelerated the urbanization process. Prior to WW I1 most Mennonites who aspired to an education beyond that of the elementary school entered what were seen as service-giving vocations, such as teaching and nursing; some became doctors and dentists, and a few became lawyers. Most of the teachers taught in "Mennonite" public


BACKGROUND
The first Distance Learning Course in Occupational Medicine was set up in 1984 at the Department of Occupational Health, University of Manchester.

AIMS
This paper describes the progress of that course and developments within distance learning education in occupational health at The University of Manchester over the subsequent 20 years. It also looks at the future objectives and modes of teaching of occupational health at Manchester via distance learning.

METHODS
Analysis has been undertaken of student demographics and matching between original forecasts and actual outcomes.

RESULTS
Original forecasts of student uptake have been surpassed. There are indications of increases in the number of female and part-time students, and a corresponding decline in the number of general practitioners enrolling on the Advanced course. Response to developing circumstances has resulted in the Distance Learning Unit setting up additional courses.

CONCLUSIONS
The farsightedness of those who predicted the need for academic training in occupational health by distance learning has been proved correct. Further evolution is essential to maintain and improve the value and success of the courses.


Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is member of the Cucurbitaceae family and native is India (Indo-Burma region) with chromosome number (2n)= 22. Depending on location is known variously as karela, bitter gourd, bitter melon, balsam pear (India), Kugua (China), Nigeria URI (Japan), Ampalaya (Philippines), Mara (Thailand) and Peria (Malaysia). It is widely grown and consumed vegetable in Asia, East Africa, India as well as South America. Bitter gourd provides health benefits against various ailments for improving the quality of life. It is nutrient dense plant-based food containing versatility of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, polypeptide, vitamins, and minerals. In view of presence of bioactive compounds, it has the ability to fight against various lifestyle related disorders, e.g. help in weight loss, diabetes mellitus, anti cancer properties, abdominal pain, kidney (stone), fever and liver cleanser. Amongst bioactive moieties, p-insulin is similar to insulin whose subcutaneous injection significantly lower blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. It also contains steroidal saponins called charantin, act similar peptides and certain alkaloids that effectively control sugar level in blood. The therapeutic perspectives have been also highlighted as they are helpful in regulating blood cholesterol thus protecting the body from cardiovascular disorders like atherosclerosis. Whole fruit, seeds and leaves of bitter gourd regulates impaired antioxidant status and suppress fat accumulation. Moreover, curative potential of its bioactive components and their utilization in value added food products are also the limelight of article.


The article analyses the contribution of Kant's work, especially of Toward Perpetual Peace (Zum ewigen Frieden), to the contemporaneous debate on Internati...


This article examines the center–periphery concept by focusing on the impact of educational transfer from the US to China on teaching reform in China's higher education institutions from the early 1980s to the present. As the scale and scope of the Sino–US exchange expanded, the impact on China deepened. This was especially evident in the transformation of teaching ideas, curricula, teaching methods, and administrative systems. Chinese scholars returning from the US bring with them not only knowledge but also American academic models. While the American experience was one of the most important forces advancing teaching reform in China's higher education institutions, it primarily existed as a kind of external cause rather than a fundamental impetus. This article shows that peripheral countries, even gigantic peripheral ones, should only import educational experiences from the central countries selectively, and not copy those models blindly.


The present invention discloses a five OFDM A soft handover (Soft Handover) In the apparatus and method (OFDMA) system in. According to the invention, the OFDM A (OFDMA) method in a system in a communication system for a soft hand-over (Soft Handover), a preamble (Preamble) signal of the self base station and the soft hand-over neighbor base stations to at least through two or more antennas wherein the receive, respectively, and estimate the SINR (signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) for each signal on the basis of the preamble (preamble) signal of the subject base station and the adjacent base station, and sent to the magnetic base of the estimation result, on the basis of the base station control signal that is notified from the self base station and a mobile station that is in soft handover it is determined, when the subject base station receives the estimation result of the SINR, and the estimation result of the SINR threshold (threshold) or less from the mobile station , creating and sending the base station a control signal to perform a soft handover in a next frame, and It said, is arranged to transmit the base station transmission signals from the self base station to the neighbor base stations. In addition, the mobile station matrix section for classifying the subject base station signal and the adjacent base station signal by extracting a preamble (Preamble) signals from the two base stations; The inverse matrix section for the estimated SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) for the signals transmitted by each base station, and the signal ratio estimation unit for transmitting the estimation result to the base station in the category; Selective interference remover for identifying a signal to be removed and select signal to the base station receiving the control signal; And it is configured with the maximum-ratio combining on the signal to be removed and the select signal in response to the base station control signal to the optimum synthesis for performing a soft handover. The present invention constructed as described above is capable of performing, the reception ratio maximized and the soft handover of the mobile communication terminal to easily remove the interference signal as the selected optimal signal through maximum ratio combining for the adjacent base station signal and the self-base station signal, It provides an effect.


Carbon nanotube, a new form of carbon element. The arc-discharge method is one of the most efficient techniques for this purpose. Arc-discharge is very simple and has merit to make massive and elongated single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Synthesis of SWCNTs are affected with some parameters. In this paper, a predictive model has performed for prediction diameter of SWCNTs based on these factors. In this study, a linear model were established by subjecting the transformed values of independent variables to multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. In order to examine the correctness of predicted linear model, a predictive artificial neural network (ANN) model was utilized. The optimized models developed by both ANN and regression were validated by comparing the results by a paired t test. These findings demonstrate that ANN provides more accurate prediction and is quite useful in the optimization of diameter SWCNT when compared with the MLR analysis method.


The literature on knowledge transfer has long recognized the importance of social relations as a conduit of knowledge transfer. Two distinct features of social relations have been examined extensively: their strength and structure. Their effects on knowledge transfer remain unclear, however, and researchers have attended to one or the other of two constraints — information loss and transfer cost — in efforts to elucidate them. Yet, few studies analyse the joint effects of these constraints on knowledge transfer in a network directly. To examine their interaction, this article develops an agent-based simulation and experiment with four different kinds of relations: a sparse network with weak ties, a sparse network with strong ties, a dense network with weak ties and a dense network with strong ties. At the individual level, the study finds that dense networks comprised of weak ties afford more valuable knowledge if information loss is trivial and the cost of initiating ties is larger than the cost of transfer, but that the value of density declines rapidly as information loss increases. At the organizational level, in contrast, sparse networks with strong ties appear optimal for knowledge transfer via social relations.


SuMMARY Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome IRIS in context of severe immunosupression secondary to human immuno deficiency virus HIV is a clinical entity characterized by immune system restoration usually seen shortly after commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART. This syndrome is defined by a dramatic rise of T lymphocyte CD4+ count in addition to a HIV viral load drop in serum and typically it is manifested by a paradoxical clinical impairment due to an activation/reactivation of infectious opportunistic processes previously under immune surveillance or quiescence. Any human body' system can be affected including the central nervous system which involvement is uncommon. We present a case report of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the setting of IRIS who following temporary HAART


Novel photochromic compounds, indolinospirobenzothiopyrans, were prepared and their properties in polymer films were examined. The absorption bands of the colored form lie around 100 nm deeper in t...


The paper ''A Global Analysis of Sverdrup Balance Using Absolute Geostrophic Velocities from Argo'' is devoted to extended analysis of the correctness of classic Sverdrup balance for steady meridional circulation in the World Ocean using absolute geostrophic velocities assessed from Argo and wind stress obtained from the satellite scatterometer (QuikSCAT). The authors tried to give a comprehensive discussion of the problem. I was especially satisfied that they confirmed the robustness of the classic theory for extended regions of the World Ocean and I would like to add the following comments to the authors' results. First of all the application of classic Sverdrup theory for the description of large-scale circulation in the real World Ocean was a matter of long-term debates. As far as I remember, one of the first extended critical analyses of Sverdrup theory was published by A. Sarkisyan in the mid-1960s. English-speaking readers can find the suitable references in the numerous papers and books of this author published from the 1970s to the 2010s with different coauthors in English (see, e.g., Marchuk and Sarkisyan 1988; Marchuk et al. 1973). It seems to me it was necessary to mention this in sections 1 and 2 (Introduction and Background). Sarkisyan believed that one of the principal restriction of Sverdrup theory is the assumption that h (the ocean depth or, in the other interpretation, the thermocline thickness) is a constant (not a function of x and y). The author insisted that the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief (which is absent in Sverdrup theory as a result of this assumption) is a crucial reason for observed peculiarities of steady, large-scale currents in the World Ocean. I am not absolutely sure that all his arguments are axiomatic. However, I believe that they should be taken into account when Sverdrup balance and large-scale oceanic dynamics were analyzed in section 5 (Results and discussion) of Gray and Riser (2014). Gray and Riser (2014) considered h as a function of x and y and mentioned the possibility of an absence of such a no motion surface. At the same time they neglected a priori the additional term in the integral vortex equation. This term arises if one defines Wh, Uh, and Vh. It seems to me it was worth discussing this problem in detail. For example, the authors could assess the magnitude of Wh 5 Uh›h/›x 1 Vh›h/›y when they considered h as the depth of certain isopycnals. I think a map of the currents at depth h would be useful to assess the accuracy of the assumption that vertical motions vanish just at this depth. My impression that the technique applied to determine h based on the best fit leads to a formal minimization of the impact of total discrepancies and errors on the calculation results rather than to an evaluation of real, no motion depth. This assumption could also be assessed using h topography and absolute currents at this depth. My second comment concerns the general accuracy of calculations that were not comprehensively discussed. The authors described the procedure of processing and the accuracy of geostrophic current assessment in detail. At the same time, there are at least two additional sources of errors. The first source is due to potential inaccuracy of the wind stress, which was not discussed at all. The second error stems from different space–time averaging of the wind and oceanic fields. In principle, this can lead to quite significant errors, taking into account the intense space–time variability of the analyzed fields. The authors wrote nothing about the interpolation Corresponding author address: Alexander Polonsky, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, 2 Kapitansksaya St., Sevastopol, Ukraine 299011. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 1446 JOURNAL OF PHYS ICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 45


Obesity remains a global health problem. High‐fat diet (HFD) consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and initiates kidney injury. Chitosan Oligosaccharide (COS) provides anti‐obesity effects through several mechanisms. However, the effects of COS on preventing obesity‐related kidney injury in obese‐insulin resistance have not been studied. A novel action of COS in activating intestinal tight junction assembly was reported in in vitro via calcium sensing receptor‐mediated AMP‐activated protein kinase (CaSR/AMPK) activation. HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis is related with intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic low‐grade inflammation. Therefore, AMPK activation might be a therapeutic target for preventing obesity‐related complications. Here, we explored the protective effects of COS in obesity‐induced kidney dysfunction and the involved molecular mechanisms. We hypothesized that COS might exert renoprotection against obesity‐induced kidney injury through increasing intestinal barrier integrity and lipid excretion.


Fire represents both a benefit and a threat to society. Fire is essential and is used constructively in providing many of the materials and services essential to modern living. However, unwanted fires represent a threat that is generally immediately recognized and instils fear into those threatened. Fire generally represents a small but not insignificant risk in modern societies. It represented a greater risk in the past when open fires were common in domestic and industrial situations, but even today unwanted fires are responsible for considerable loss of life, property and services. The consequences of unwanted fires include injuries and death to people and animals involved, loss of contents and building structures and consequential damage to businesses and services. Many of these losses are not recorded, or alternatively, not made publicly available, and so the consequences associated with them are unable to be estimated accurately. However, in many countries considerable effort is expended in recording details of unwanted fires, including locations, causes and consequences. However, international collection of such information is restricted to very basic information such as the overall losses and costs of fires and the number of fire -related fatalities per annum.


A mathematical model for the description of axisymmetric swirled flow with diffusion combustion is based on numerical solution of the Reynolds equation with a {kappa}-W model of turbulence. The results of numerical and experimental investigations of local and general characteristics of flow, heat and mass transfer, combustion, and NO{sub x} formation in an annular combustor with opposite swirled air jets are presented. Satisfactory agreement between calculations and experiments is obtained. The dependences of combustor characteristics versus geometric and operational parameters are generalized.


In recent years, surfaces of plaster facades increasingly have been covered with algae. This effect is reinforced by improved thermal insulation of the building. Envelope e.g. due to the use of plastics, as well as the climate change and lower air pollution. The accumulation of condensation water is therefore of decisive importance. So far, the amount of condensation water was determined with static weight methods. New developments in material research attempt to illustrate the susceptibility to condensation with different measurement methods. The differences can be seen in various systems and materials. Developing a model representation for the future planning of facades is thus possible for new and the existing building. This model can be used to derive new characteristics for new facade design.


Myofibroblasts are differentiated contractile cells with ability to secrete extracellular matrix components, cytokines, proteases and pro-angiogenic factors. In neoplastic processes as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), myofibroblasts are recognized as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and actively participate in the process of tumor progression. The presence of CAF in tumor stroma may represent an important parameter invasion and proliferation. This study evaluated the presence of CAF in OSCC through immunophenotyping and its association with histological classification of CAF and clinical histological parameters. 34 cases were used OSCC paraffin and fixed in formalin for determination of the immunophenotype CAF is considered positive for the protein co-expressing the αSMA, Fibronectin, FSP1, HHF35 and vimentin immunohistochemistry. In 19 cases (56%) the immunophenotype was positive for CAF and in 15 cases (44%) the immunophenotype was variable. According to the histological classification of CAF, 16 cases (47%) were considered mature CAF phenotype, and 18 cases (53%) as FAC immature phenotype. The immunophenotype CAF was associated with histological type immature CAF (p <0.05, Fisher's exact test). Thus, characterization of the CAF immunophenotype may indicate in OSCC, tumors with distinct biological profile, studies that expand the CAF approach in CEB are needed to determine the actual role of this cell group as a possible prognostic marker.


Abstract Machine learning is concerned with enabling computer programs automatically to improve their performance at some tasks through experience. Manufacturing is an area where the application of machine learning can be very fruitful. However, little has been published about the use of machine-learning techniques in the manufacturing domain. This paper evaluates several machine-learning techniques and examines applications in which they have been successfully deployed. Special attention is given to inductive learning, which is among the most mature of the machine-learning approaches currently available. Current trends and recent developments in machine-learning research are also discussed. The paper concludes with a summary of some of the key research issues in machine learning.


Nearly everyone agrees that an expansion of international trade is desirable. On the one hand, liberals and many conservatives view expanding trade in the "free world" as somewhat of a panacea capable of solving certain domestic marketing problems plaguing "free enterprise" economies. On the other hand, socialists frequently suggest that an expansion of East-West trade could serve as an essential foundation for peace and coexistence. Still, with the notable exception of a flourishing intra-socialist bloc trade, international trade appears to be pretty much in the doldrums. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Precise ablation of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) is difficul t due to the highly different thermo – optical properties of fibers and plastics in combination with possible inhomogeneous parts of the material. This leads to deviations in terms of surface roughness and actual removed depth during processing. In particular, for repairing expensive parts , precise layer ablation and a certain roughness are the key points to achieve a high strength of the repaired parts. In this approach, optical coherence tomography was combined with a galvanometer scanner. With this setup, the local depth during ablation can be measured with a spatial resolution of 5 μm and temporal resolution of 14 μs . This allows to remove material until the target depth is reached. The ablation track of the next pass is calculated by the previously measured data. As input data for the target ablation geometry, a grey-scaled bi tmap picture can be used to produce any kind of 3D surface s tructure. The experimental validation of this setup was done with a ns laser with an average power of 20 W and a wavelength of 1047 nm. Each processing pass has an ablation depth of approximately 10 – 25 μm. Thereby a defined ablation layer by layer of CFRP part is possible. To reach the target depth of one layer, multiple passes are necessary. The ablation s tops at each area when the target depth has reached. The areas are calculated by slicing the measured surface into constant depth segments. The beam passes only the segments that needs to be removed. On the final processed area, the depth deviation was reduced to 20 μm and the roughness was reduced to below 10 μm independently from the total depth.


This article studies the zero-error feedback capacity of <italic>causal</italic> discrete channels with memory. First, by extending the classical zero-error feedback capacity concept, a new notion of <italic>uniform zero-error feedback capacity</italic> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{0f} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for such channels is introduced. Using this notion a tight condition for bounded stabilization of unstable noisy linear systems via causal channels is obtained, assuming no channel state information at either end of the channel. Furthermore, the zero-error feedback capacity of a class of additive noise channels is investigated. It is known that for a discrete channel with correlated additive noise, the ordinary capacity with or without feedback is equal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log q-\mathcal {H}_{ch} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}_{ch} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the entropy rate of the noise process and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the input alphabet size. In this paper, for a class of finite-state additive noise channels (FSANCs), it is shown that the zero-error feedback capacity is either zero or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{0f} =\log q -h_{ch} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h_{ch} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the <italic>topological entropy</italic> of the noise process. A condition is given to determine when the zero-error capacity with or without feedback is zero. This, in conjunction with the stabilization result, leads to a "Small-Entropy Theorem", stating that stabilization over FSANCs can be achieved if the sum of the topological entropies of the linear system and the channel is smaller than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


For about three decades, HIV has persisted globally in spite of antiretroviral therapy. Combating this pandemic requires developing an effective functional cure that targets acute infection and subsequent spread. Toward this aim, we describe procedures that utilize induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of six HIV-infected patients on long-term, antiretroviral therapy (ART). The iPSCs were then genetically edited with TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 endonucleases combined with PiggyBac technology to introduce the naturally occurring 32-bp deletion to the CCR5 gene. This strategy can protect hematopoietic cells from HIV infection. These iPSCs were differentiated into immune cell subsets, particularly macrophages, and subsequently challenged with CCR5-tropic or CCR5/CXCR4 dual-tropic HIV-1 strains. Our studies demonstrate that these iPSC-derived, gene-edited macrophages are resistant to distinct HIV-1 strains. The findings have important implications for both in vitro stem cell development and therapeutic approaches to prevent and cure HIV infection.


Because of its large amount of data,filterting on the airbone LiDAR points cloud often need to spend a lot of time.On the basis of the traditional mathematical morphpolpgy LiDAR point cloud filtering,a method which adopted the parallel technique based on GPU and assigned the massive operations to be parallel executed in many computing unit to achieve the purpose of fast filtering,was proposed.Through the corresponding experiments,the correctness and feasibility of the proposed fast filtering method of LiDAR points cloud were verified.


In this work, a high-performance nanoscale complementary low Schottky barrier (CLSB) nonvolatile bidirectional reconfigurable field effect transistor (NBRFET) based on dual metal silicide source/drain (S/D) contacts (CLSB-NBRFET) is proposed. It is designed with Source floating gate (SFG) and drain floating gate (DFG) and adopts two kinds of metal silicide contacts to form complementary low Schottky barrier both between the S/D electrodes and the conduction band of silicon and between the S/D electrodes and the valence band of silicon at the same time. Instead of a program gate (PG) of conventional BRFET which needs independent power supply, the SFG and DFG of the proposed CLSB-NBRFET can be programmed by the CG itself. Thereafter, the interconnection can be simplified. The nonvolatile reconfigurable function is also realized. The type of charge stored in both SFG, and DFG decides the conduction type of the CLSB-NBRFET. Due to that there is a coupling effect between the effective voltages of SFG /DFG and the control gate (CG) voltage ( $\text{V}_{\mathrm {CG}}$ ), the effective voltages of SFG and DFG can be decreased in the reverse biased state, and the reverse leakage current can be reduced. Besides, the dual metal silicide S/D contacts help to largely improve the forward current in both N mode and P mode comparing to conventional BRFET. Therefore, the scale of CLSB-NBRFET simplify the interconnection complexity and improve the characterization of BRFET. The scale of CLSB-NBRFET can be reduced to nanoscale while maintain high performance. The physical mechanism of the proposed CLSB-NBRFET has been analyzed in detail. The device performance has been compared with conventional BRFET. The influence of the amount of charge to the device performance has also been discussed in detail.


Immunologists and students of the filtrable viruses are familiar with the fact that formalin possesses the unique property of converting toxins to toxoids and viruses to what may be called "virusoids" and of doing this without greatly impairing the antigenicity of these agents. While various physical and chemical agents readily inactivate toxins and viruses, such inactivation is generally associated with complete loss of antibody stimulating powers. The unique property which formalin possesses has interested us for some time. Schultz, Quigley and Bullock, 1 in discussing the antigenicity of formalin inactivated bacteriophage suspensions stated that "it is by no means clear that formalin actually kills or effaces the identity of the virus." We have felt for some time that the preservation of the antigenicity of formalin inactivated toxins, bacteriophage and of animal viruses might possibly rest on some common mode of action—one in which the toxin or virus is not permanently altered, but is held in an inactive state only so long as the formalin is combined with the antigen, and that the antigenicity of formalin inactivated toxins or viruses might be explained on the basis of a "dissociation" which is later effected within the body. It seems possible that the inactivation itself may be of the nature of an ordinary "formol reaction" in which formaldehyde combines with the amino group to form a methylene derivative and that after injection into the body the formalin radical in the new complex may be removed by some chemical process, probably oxidative in character, which restores the toxin or virus to its native state. The difficulty in testing such an hypothesis consists, of course, in finding a method which will release or destroy the linked formaldehyde without at the same time destroying the toxin or virus.


Abstract Disclosure: P. Kulkarni: None. R. Basu: None. T. Bonn: None. J.J. Kopchick: None. Elevated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in tumor cells resulting in decreased intracellular drug accumulation is a major reason for chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, the smallest subset of EVs, play a crucial role in the spread of drug resistance. We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) decreases therapeutic efficacy in melanoma via upregulating the levels of ABC transporters, whereas when GHR is knocked down or GH/GHR interaction is inhibited by GHR antagonist, Pegvisomant, these ABC transporters are significantly downregulated. No study has yet directly assessed the effect of GH or GHR antagonism on exosomal cargoes in terms of promoting drug resistance. We observe that human melanoma cells (Malme3M, SK-Mel28, and MDA-MB-435) when treated with GH or doxorubicin alone or in combination increase the exosomal protein levels of multiple multi-drug efflux pumps, namely ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCB1, and ABCG2. On adding Pegvisomant to these treatments, we found a significant decrease in the levels of these exosomal drug efflux pumps induced by both autocrine and endogenously added GH. Furthermore, we assessed the role of GH in exosome-mediated dissemination of chemoresistance from drug-resistant to drug-sensitive cells. When GH and doxorubicin-treated melanoma-derived exosomes were administered to treatment-naïve melanoma cells, a significant increase in drug efflux was observed in the latter, compared to the control. On the other hand, when Pegvisomant co-treated melanoma-derived exosomes were administered to treatment-naïve melanoma cells, the drug efflux was attenuated, indicating chemo-sensitization. Collectively, these observations indicate that Pegvisomant suppresses various exosomal cargoes modulating drug resistance in melanoma. Acknowledgment: This work was supported in part by the State of Ohio's Eminent Scholar Program includes a gift from Milton and Lawrence Goll, by the AMVETS, Ohio University's Student Enhancement Award, and Edison Biotechnology Institute. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023


Summary form only given. We demonstrate the new type of 780 nm VCSELs having Al/sub 0.11/Ga/sub 0.89/As quantum wells (QWs) as the active medium. The oxide aperture is located just above the active region for efficient current confinement. These VCSELs have a highly doped cap layer, so the characterization of lasers is possible using just a probe tip and does not require a p-electrode. This simple two-step process is a convenient way of characterizing VCSEL wafers. The CW L-I curve of the 3.4-/spl mu/m square aperture VCSEL measured at room temperature is shown. It shows extremely low threshold current of 200 /spl mu/A, slope efficiency of 33%, and single mode peak power of 1.1 mW. The 7.6 /spl mu/m square VCSEL has threshold current of 1 mA, peak power of 2.7 mW, and slope efficiency of 37%. The devices smaller than about 4 /spl mu/m operate on single mode over all the range.


Abstract : A method is described for obtaining cartographic and geodetic data from a manned orbital satellite. The techniques utilized are a boresight camera, which simultaneously photographs a particular point on the ground and the coaxial star field, and a laser for obtaining slant range. These, together with an accurate spacecraft ephemeris, will obtain data on angle coordinates and elevation of particular points along the orbital trace of the spacecraft with respect to a primary control station. Particular instrumental requirements are given for the star-field camera and the laser ranging device.


Physical models are very often used to study the wave-induced motions of moored ships in a port. The motions of the model ships at a small scale are usually very small and need to be measured accurately. An improved video monitoring system based on keograms has been developed to monitor the ship motions with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The forces in mooring lines and fenders can be calculated from the determined ship motions and the known stiffness of mooring lines and fenders. Results of forces in mooring lines and fenders correspond well with forces measured directly using strain gauges. The system is easy to set up and only requires standard cameras and computers.


AUTHOR Charlesworth, Rosalind; Stanley, William B. TITLE Assessment of Social Studies Concepts in Early Childhood. SPONS AGENCY Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Coll. of Education. PUB DATE Nov 83 NOTE 13p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (Atlanta, GA, November 3-6, 1983). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) -Speeches /Conference Papers (150)


Nuclear power project general contracting management model has the advantages of specialization, scaled production and integration, which conduct coordinative management for the nuclear power project from the entire processes including design, purchasing, construction,etc. However, for providing owners with investment-reasonable technical-advance, and management-well services, improvements are still in need. This paper analyzes reasons for these shortcomings and comes up with effective improving measures so as to give instructive references to the construction of core capacity of nuclear power project general contracting management.


The Act revises the law governing the liability of donors of food items for charitable distribution and the liability of charitable distributors by defining with specificity terms involved and by extending the previously enacted limited liability for donors to charitable distributors.
July 1, 1987


To take Hongkong transit-oriented development(TOD)concept and practice as the object of research,combined with the outstanding contradictions and problems of Jinan urban traffic development,it focuses on the Hongkong city transport development mode for reference and inspiration to solve traffic problems in Jinan city: strengthening TOD concept,actively boosting strategy of public transport priority,speeding up traffic demand management research,actively expandes the financing channels,and promoting the traffic intelligent traffic management.


The design of an innovative logistic system is a complex problem in the solution of which many disciplines are involved. Each discipline developed its own way of conceptual modeling for a logistic system based on a mono disciplinary perception. In essence this leads to a communication problem between the different disciplines and consequently to expectations on the formulated solution that don't correspond with the real solution. In this thesis a basic systems approach is used to define a conceptual model of a logistic system that can be used by all disciplines involved as a common reference leading to the design. A combination of a soft and a hard systems approach leads to a conceptual model in which the problem is formulated in terms of required performances and process structures. The logistic system is modeled as a structure of functions around three flows: orders, products and resources. The model evolves during the design project and is an enduring supporting tool for decision making with a clear relation to the systems objectives. This PROcess-PERformance model (PROPER) model is formulated in interdisciplinary terms and thereby enables the communication between different disciplines. The PROPER model only reflects the structure of a system; it does not model the time dependent behavior of the system. This behavior is essential for correct decision making, because it improves the understanding of parallel and stochastic aspects of the system. Usually this behavior is "simulated" on a computer. In practice simulation is only used during the final stages of a design project and then a correction of objectives and/or decisions is impossible or very expensive. In this thesis the use of simulation is recommended for decision making from the very start. To achieve this the description of time dependent behavior is also defined at an interdisciplinary level. Natural language is used to describe the processes as defined in the PROPER model at each aggregation stratum. These descriptions enrich the problem formulation phase with in-depth knowledge of the time dependent behavior of the system. Like the other disciplines, simulation evolved as a specialist discipline. In order to preserve a direct connection with the process descriptions of the PROPER model, these natural language process descriptions are translated into an object oriented Process Description Language PDL. This language can be implemented in any object oriented software environment. It is here implemented in the Borland Delphi platform that is based on the programming language Pascal. The implementation is called TOMAS: "Tool for Object oriented Modeling And Simulation". TOMAS is completely object oriented and fully complies with the "Process Interaction" implementation of the Discrete Event System Specification method (DEVS). In order to support the growing level of detail of the PROPER model during a design project, TOMAS also supports distributed simulation by offering an open event scheduling mechanism and communication between models at different aggregation strata. Finally the use of PROPER, PDL and TOMAS is illustrated with an already finished complex project: the design of the first automated container terminal in Rotterdam. It is shown that the use of this approach would have led to a clear and complete objective definition and would have warned the project participants in an early stage for a mismatch between expected and real operational performance. This approach will not automatically lead to improved logistic designs, but it does contribute to a better correspondence between expectations and reality.


NSAIDs,as one of the most important part of multimodal analgesia,are used in the management of post-operative analgesia in order to enhance the analgesia effect and reduce opioids requirement and the side effects derived from opioids. NSAIDs produce analgesia effect mainly by the inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis even when additional mechanisms participate.


It has become increasingly common for partnerships to issue options that give the holder the right to acquire an interest in the partnership for a set price. The holder of the option will exercise it if he feels that the partnership interest to be acquired is worth more than the exercise price. There is a dearth of authority on the federal tax treatment of option transactions, and the Service has recently asked for guidance from the tax bar as to what approach it should take. This article focuses on one piece of the partnership option puzzle, options to acquire partnership interests where the option is received in exchange for services (services option). While the term "partnership" is used through the article, the reader is asked to recall that for federal income tax purposes, it normally includes limited liability companies provided they have more than one member.


In this paper, a fast and accurate design method, combining the mode coupling technique and the full-wave simulation, has been introduced to design the smooth-walled horn antenna with a high Gaussian coupling efficiency. As a demonstration, a smooth-walled horn antenna working at terahertz band has been simulated, confirming that the method we proposed can help design horn with high symmetric, low sidelobe patterns in E-plane, H-plane and 45 degree plane.


While its aim is to entertain, Hollywood, not insignificantly, is also in the mythmaking business. Even when discussing the genre of 'journalism movies', its role is no different, argues Matthew C. Ehrlich. This particular brand of film, according to Ehrlich, is one 'that embodies myths colored by nostalgia and that addresses contradictions at the heart of both journalism and American culture' (p. 2). While the journalist has been represented as the champion of justice as well as the scheming fraud interested only in producing the story that will sell the most newspapers, Ehrlich argues that despite the spectrum of critiques, at its very core the genre emphasizes 'that journalism can and should be performed well and that the press is essential to American life and democracy' (p. 2). Staking out the terrain of his work, Ehrlich locates Journalism in the Movies as neither a comprehensive account of journalism movies nor an in-depth analysis of a particular film or filmmaker. Rather this work stands as an attempt to situate specific texts from the 1920s through to the present within a historical context that allows one to better understand the contested mythology that has permeated the genre. Tensions exist between cynicism and idealism, home and work, public and private interest, public and institutional interest, as well as between objectivity and subjectivity (p. 10–11). Yet it is the journalist who must make sense of these conflicts and attempt to reconcile them. Focusing upon a subset of 'journalism movies', Ehrlich analyzes a series of case studies selected using several criteria: (1) their status as American movie classics, as in the case of Citizen Kane; (2) their familiarity among journalists (regardless of whether or not journalists loved or hated the films); (3) their association with former journalists. Proceeding roughly chronologically, Ehrlich begins with an examination of the 1928 Broadway play-turned movie The Front Page, 'the prototype of the journalism movie genre', (p. 20), followed by an analysis of the 'screwball' comedies of the 1930s and 1940s such as the Frank Capra trilogy of Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, and Meet John Doe. Using Citizen Kane as a segue between the screwball comedy and postwar film noir, Ehrlich examines the emergence of 'conspiracy' as a paradigm in journalistic film. Journalism in the Movies concludes with a chapter Journalism


The tangent technique of ΔT profile magnetic anomaly is a kind of traditional effective method for calculating buried depths of magnetic plates in intermediatehigh magnetic latitude areas. Based on this method, the authors put forward the "reverse tangent" technique of ΔT profile negative magnetic anomaly for calculating buried depths of magnetic plates in low magnetic latitude areas, and demonstrate its theoretic correctness. By means of such a "reverse tangent" technique, the traditional tangent technique of ΔT profile magnetic anomaly and its coefficient tables in the intermediatehigh magnetic latitude area can be directly used to calculate the buried depth of the magnetic plate which usually produces ΔT profile negative magnetic anomaly in the low magnetic latitude area.


This study aims to find "Issues related emergency hospital visit for Foreign-Residents" in Japan from a viewpoint of tourism-industry and categorize into Major/Secondary-items by Affinity-Diagram for further consideration about Medical Care Support Systems of Foreign-Residents. 18 people from tourism-industry were collected and made 61 labels about "issues related emergency hospital visit for Foreign-Residents" in A prefecture. And those were categorized into 3 Major and 17 Secondary-items "I: Lack of preparations on the hospital-side (1: Lack of Multilanguage-displays in Hospital, 2: Lack of hospitalities, 3: Lack of knowledge about religions, 4: Language-barriers between hospital-staff and foreign patients)", "II: Lack of preparations on the employer-side (5: Necessary information about insurance, 6: Necessary information about hospital locations, 7: Necessary information about hospital systems, 8: Necessary information about transportation systems to hospitals, 9: Lack of skills about First-Aid, 10: Necessary information about repatriations, 11: Lack of information about foreign patients background)", and "III: Lack of preparations on the public-side (12: Lack of medical information centers in public-space, 13: Lack of wheel-chair rental service in public-space, 14: Lack of professional medical interpreting service, 15: Lack of Multilanguage-displays in public-space, 16: Lack of skills about First-Aid in public-space, and 17: Language-barriers between Emergency-Medical-Technicians and foreign patients)". We came to reach of understanding "Lack of preparation on the hospital-side, the employer-side, and the public-side". By those Major and Secondary-items, there are several characteristic items which tourism-industry can only see. Moreover, it is very important for Occupational Health Nurse, Public health nurse and hospitals to have the cooperation for supporting Foreign-Residents to avoid the difficulties in communication at hospitals for further consideration about Medical Care Support Systems of Foreign-Residents. It could also be important for Public Health Nurse and Immigration Office to have the cooperation for its support. It is necessary to clarify these strategies about the Medical Care Support System for further consideration as well.


The paper presents results of the studies conducted to determine causes and directions of transformations in vegetation of meadow-pasture communities in the area of the Wielki Łeg Obrzanski (Great Obra Floodmeadows). Multifaceted natural and habitat analyses were conducted on over 1800 releves prepared in the vegetation seasons of 2005-2009 according to Braun-Blanquet. On their ba- sis the phytosociological and floristic structure was analysed and habitat conditions were determined by phytoindication. Moreover, laboratory methods were applied in soil analyses to determine con- tents of basic macro- and microelements and groundwater table levels were recorded. Results referred to the documentation and archive literature made it possible to determine causes of transformations in plant communities in that area and outline probable directions in which succession was progressing. A lack of regular land use patterns is seen as the primary cause for the transformation in the flora of the Wielki Łeg Obrzanski, particularly in the last 20 years. A considerable limitation of land use in certain sec- tions of this area has led to the initiation of dominance of nitrophilic species such as Urtica dioica, Cirsium arvense, Potentilla anserina or Galium mollugo, while in the thinned sward it led to the development of grass species with very limited economic importance. Another equally important factor affecting the structure of vegetation cover is connected with air and water relations in soils, determined by the drainage system operating there for the last 200 years and by precipitation.


D illenia suffruticosa (Griffith) Martelli, that spreads fast in low-lying areas in wet zone of Sri Lanka is currently listed as a nationally important Invasive Alien Species that deserves attention in ecological studies. Thus, impact of this woody invader on physical, chemical properties of soil and below and above ground flora was investigated. Five sampling sites were identified along a distance of 46km from Avissawella to Ratnapura. At each site, two adjacent plots [1m x10m each for D . suffruticosa present (D +) and absent (D - )] were outlined. Physical and chemical soil parameters, microbial biomass and number of bacterial colonies in soil were determined using standard procedures and compared between D + and D - by ANOVA using SPSS. Rate of decomposition of D. suffruticosa leaves was also determined using the litter bag technique at 35% and 50% moisture levels. Above ground plant species richness in sample stands was compared using Jaccard and Sorenson diversity indices.  Decomposition of D. suffruticosa leaves was slow, but occurred at a more or less similar rate irrespective of moisture content of soil. Particle size distribution in D + soil showed a much higher percentage of large soil particles.  Higher % porosity in D + sites was a clear indication that the soil was aerated.  The pH was significantly lower for D + than D - thus developing acidic soils whereas conductivity has been significantly high making soil further stressed. The significant drop in Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) in D + soil was a remarkable finding to be concerned with as it correlated with fertility of soil. Significantly higher values of phosphates reported in D + soil support the idea that plant invaders are capable to increase phosphates in soil. Higher biomass values recorded for D + sites together with higher number of bacterial colonies could be related to the unexpectedly recorded higher Organic Carbon. Both  the  Jaccard  and  Sorenson   indices indicated  that  D + and  D - sites  were dissimilar with respect to  above ground  plant  species  richness.  Thus, changes in above ground vegetation and soil properties due to the invasion were identified and further studies are needed for determining the degree of soil deterioration due to the invasive behavior of D. suffruticosa .


Very recently, in an attempt to reduce the uncertainty associated with notoriously unreliable buyer feedback, researchers proposed a blockchain-based trust and reputation management system, where a Smart Contract manages all aspects of a transaction: setting up a contract, interacting with the two parties, and finally evaluating and providing feedback on the buyer/seller performance at the end of each transaction. They have also proposed a data structure that manages seller reputation scores inside the blockchain. In this paper, we provide two novel reputation management schemes that significantly improve on these methods. Our first such scheme is adaptive; the second one is randomized, wherein decisions about managing the underlying data structure are made based on coin flips. We provide analytical performance predictions and verify, empirically, by extensive simulation, the accuracy of our predictions. Our schemes are shown to result in more efficient query execution with enhanced block structure schemes.


Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a popular solution for the eXplainable AI (XAI) problem of elucidating the predictions of black-box deep-learning systems due to their psychological validity, flexibility across problem domains and proposed legal compliance. While over 100 counterfactual methods exist, claiming to generate plausible explanations akin to those preferred by people, few have actually been tested on users ($\sim7\%$). So, the psychological validity of these counterfactual algorithms for effective XAI for image data is not established. This issue is addressed here using a novel methodology that (i) gathers ground truth human-generated counterfactual explanations for misclassified images, in two user studies and, then, (ii) compares these human-generated ground-truth explanations to computationally-generated explanations for the same misclassifications. Results indicate that humans do not"minimally edit"images when generating counterfactual explanations. Instead, they make larger,"meaningful"edits that better approximate prototypes in the counterfactual class.


Transparent and electrically conductive (TCO) thin films of ZnO:Al, ZnO:Ga and ZnO:Sc, used in solar cells as well as optoelectronic devices, have been successfully deposited by rf magnetron sputter deposition using ZnO(98%) / X2O3(2%) ceramic target, X ∈{Al, Ga, Sc}, in the inert atmosphere of argon. In this contribution we focused on the changes in physical properties and their comparison in dependence on doping element. The XRD analyses, four probe measurements and UV-VIS spectroscopy were applied to investigate the structure (texture, lattice stress, grain size), electrical (resistivity) and optical (transmittance, optical band gap) properties of TCOs on the glass substrates.


The pandemic has produced the global COVID-19 vaccine market with various stakeholders acting in their economic self-interest. At the same time, some governments use vaccines for pursuing national interests and expanding their international influence. Using scientific works on the topic and documents from WHO, GAVI, WTO, IMF, government documents and think tank reports, the author analyzes vaccine diplomacy as a branch of medical diplomacy and identifies changes that occur under pandemic impact. The article examines the current policy of China, as it has achieved the most notable success in medical services export, primarily to developing countries, and Chinese pharmaceutical companies play a prominent role in the global vaccine market. It raises serious concerns of the West, which accuses Beijing of using coronacrisis to establish a new (China-centric) world order. It is concluded that government capacity to protect public health and control epidemic spread is among the significant criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of State policy, and its own vaccine industry begins to be regarded as an important element of national security. There is also a considerable increase in the role of healthcare in foreign policy of a number of States using medical and vaccine diplomacies as a means of achieving political goals. COVID-19 vaccines are becoming a strategic asset that affects the country's position on the world stage and generates a new field of geopolitical rivalry. But at the same time, vaccine diplomacy could serve as a dialogue platform in cases when interstate relations are in a deep crisis. And it may lead to awareness of the need to train specialists in the field of medical diplomacy.


General Education in Taiwan's universities nowadays entails with ultimate objective: to establish its own distinctive features as well as to enhance the practice of "Holistic Education" at school. Intended for such purpose, all universities and colleges have all vehemently strived to meet the criterion of the new challenge. For Tatung University, especially, it has been further extended into a whole new realm based on the current school practice-the campus and the nearby extension landscape as the working core for the humanity and natural courses of General Education. This new range of such course, addressed "Footprints of Zhongshan North Road" will set its foot along Zhongshan North Road and the environment in proximity, a wider range compared with the previous area planned. With the motivation to reach idealism for General Education, this article will take into consideration the course design concept aiming at relevant historic and cultural aspects regarding the geo-cultural characteristics around this specific area. Moreover, the connection between the themes selected and the concept of the course will, undoubtedly, be put into such reflection as a whole. Lastly, This course, Footprints of Zhongshan North Road, will additionally involve a formatted concept in which-the people, communities, resources, location, civil literacy and life-long learning-are placed into this combination, not merely for students taking this course, but for an optimal win-win situation as well, from the campus to the community; from individuals to the groups; and from the limited resources to the open sharing ones on this land, living up, to the full, the true meaning of "Holistic Education."


This paper identifies an innovative design for signature verification which is able to extract features from an individual's signatures and uses those feature sets to discriminate genuine signatures from forgeries. An innovative JAVA-PYTHON platform is used for the development. Detailed feature study, algorithm development and feature set verification is carried out during this experiment.


Cocoa is one of the essential commodities that contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy. As the third largest cocoa-producing country in the world, Indonesia is facing competition from Ghana, a global cocoa-producing country which is relatively similar to Indonesia in terms of politics, economy, and the cocoa industry. Ghana has a competitive advantage that makes its cocoa products appear superior to Indonesia in terms of quality, productivity figures, and cocoa export value. Especially, this is seen in terms of cocoa export to the European Union market. This article aims to study the external efforts made by Ghana and Indonesia to increase their cocoa exports to the European Union market, the largest chocolate consumer region in the world. To do this, it used a qualitative research method with descriptive-analytical and comparative analysis employing the theory of competitive advantage and the concept of economic diplomacy. The article found that Indonesia has excellent cocoa potential that can be developed further and can learn from what Ghana has attempted to increase its cocoa exports to the European Union market.


Phase II of the ISAC radioactive beam facility adds a superconducting Linac and a second experimental hall to the existing accelerator [1]. This addition will increase the size of the EPICS based control system by approximately 50%. The upgrade is done in parallel with beam delivery in ISAC-I. The paper will describe the control system additions and focus on the enhancement and webbased integration of tools used by the controls group.


Partially ample divisors are defined by relaxing the different conditions that characterize the ample divisors. We prove that for nef and big divisors such notions coincide. We also prove that the partial ampleness of big divisors are preserved in the positive parts of the Fujita‐Zariski decomposition.


This article studies the issues of storage in the planning of low voltage (LV) networks. An algorithm of advanced automation function is developed to illustrate the maximum economic value of storage, from the distribution system operator (DSO) point of view, in the long-term planning of LV networks, compared to a conventional reinforcement method. In order to model the randomness that characterises the new actors of the network (distributed production and storage), a stochastic planning study with uncertainties concerning the connection nodes of the batteries and the photovoltaic production in the network is conducted. The results show that compared to reinforcement, storage can present an economic benefit for the DSO, based on a limited but crucial set of elements: cost of remuneration for using storage, topology, and constraints on the network, and characteristics of the equipment presenting the constraints. For the third-party storage facility owner, the presented benefits constitute the maximal envelop within which a cost benefit analysis should be restricted to be economically viable, as likely to be used to provide services to the DSO. These points are illustrated with two real networks in order to validate the proposed planning tool.


A Z-80 Microprocessor-based system has been developed for processing texts in some of the Indian languages; Bengali, Asamia, Manipuri. Suitable hardware and monitor program have been developed for interfacing and control of the necessary peripherals; Keyboard, VDU, Dot-matrix printer and Audio-cassettee recorder. A text editor for processing texts in Bengali script has also been developed.


First paragraph: How do we provide good food for all 323 million Americans? Differing answers to this question continue to distract, if not misdirect, the sustainable food movement. Some argue that organic, local, and other so-called good foods must accommodate the current industrial system of food processing and retailing. They point to the fact that organic food sales of nearly US$40 billion per year (Organic Trade Association, 2016) are still less than 5% of total retail food sales. In addition, mainstream supermarkets and large specialty markets, such as Whole Foods and Trader Joe's, account for more than 90% of organic sales (Porterfield, 2015). Large corporate food processors also own and control production for most of the major organic food brands (The Cornucopia Project, n.d.). So, about 99% of foods still move through the industrial food system, even after accounting for local food sales of an estimated $12 billion per year (Vilsack, 2015). To accommodate the 99%, some good food advocates urge farmers to find ways to accommodate the industrial food system....


Evidence of multitasking at work can be observed through several case studies. Moreover, task interleaving is constantly increasing due to the improvement of information and communication technologies. However, despite the availability of several personal information and task management tools, an appropriate support for multitasking is still lacking. Some reported limitations of current tools are: (1) overhead posed on users, (2) lack of automatic means for associating user actions with task or project contexts and enabling automatic switching between these contexts and (3) exclusion of interpersonal elements. Another important limitation is the design of current tools, which organizes actions and interactions according to single pre-defined schemas (e.g. tasks, projects or resources). We argue that this inflexibility is caused by the lack of an underlying theoretical model of multitasking. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a systems architecture that combines models of human multitasking and personal contexts. With the proposed architecture we aim at enabling semi-automatic discovery, display, switching, analysis and management of personal action contexts. This architecture is currently being implemented in a prototype with Visual Studio .net 2005 and SQL Server. In this paper, we report results on the automatic discovery of personal action contexts with SQL Server Integration and Analysis Services. These results are compared with results obtained through manual means.


We report results of a magneto-optical investigation of the Zintl-phase compound EuIn2P2. The compound orders magnetically at TC =24 K and exhibits concomitant large magnetoresistance effects. For T �50 K and increasing magnetic fields we observe a transfer of sp ectral weight in �1(!) from energies above 1 eV into the low-energy metallic component as well as into a mid-infrared signal centered at about 600 cm 1 . This latter absorption is reminiscent to what has been seen in a large variety of so-called Kondo materials and ascribed to excitations across the hybridiza tion gap. The observed gain of Drude weight upon increasing magnetic field suggests an enhancement of the iti nerant charge-carrier concentration due to the increasing magnetization, a phenomenon that was previously observed in other compounds which exhibit colossal magnetoresistive effects.


Insurance has been an integral part of financial services system and recognised as a cornerstone of a country's financial health and symbol of progress. Insurance provides for the financial security of citizens and their families. The present paper discusses the role of marketing in insurance distribution of life insurance sector in India as insurance offers a valuable investment advices and serves as an effective step towards both individual and national financial stability. The waves of globalisation have deeply influenced the insurance sector worldwide. Financial globalisation has been strongly supported by globalisation of insurance. With the increase in trade, direct investment and portfolio investment, there has been an ever growing demand for insurance services particularly in the emerging markets. Globalisation of insurance market, as a part of the overall process of liberalisation in emerging and other countries enabled the foreign insurance companies to enter in those countries and benefited both. Triggered by the sound fundamentals in global economy and internationalisation of world markets, several countries turned towards free market regimes in banking and insurance, putting an end to several decadeold state-owned controlled markets. There was a remarkable progress in the Indian insurance industry soon after the acceptance and adaptation of LPG in the year 1991. After 1991, the Indian life insurance industry has geared up in all respects, as well as it has been forced to face a lot of healthy competition from many national as well as international private insurance players. It is also reported by Swiss Re and Munich Re that there would be 20-25 percent growth in life and health insurance market by 2015, particularly in India and China. In this paper an effort is made to study the current status and challenges faced by the life insurance business houses in India. Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.9(2) 2014; 61-81


The aim of this systematic review was to analyse current literature and reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC), concerning its clinical spectrum, complications associated, therapeutic strategies and distinguishing features of other clinical syndromes.


Premise of research. Land-use legacies in plant communities have been attributed to dispersal limitation and the environmental impacts of past disturbance. Less is known about the role of plant-plant interactions in shaping postagricultural forest community assembly. Parasitic plants are a useful model system for understanding the relative importance of host presence, site history, and environmental gradients to second-growth forest succession. I tested the hypothesis that land-use history shapes parasitic plant distributions by altering host availability. Methodology. Field sampling took place in deciduous forests in Athens County, Ohio. I surveyed populations of two tree parasites, Conopholis americana and Epifagus virginiana, in a factorial replicated chronosequence of 40 postagricultural stands that consisted of upland and valley sites sorted into four age classes: 40–60, 61–80, 81–100, and >130 yr since canopy closure. The flowering stems of the target species, abundance, and the basal area of the host trees were recorded. Pivotal results. The presence of both species and the abundance of C. americana were linked to large individual host trees. Conopholis americana was associated with uplands and older forests, and E. virginiana was limited to stands of more than 80 yr old. However, C. americana was most abundant in sites with remnant pasture trees. The relationships of parasitic plants with land-use history are therefore complex and reflect specific effects of past disturbances on host species. Conclusions. I conclude that parasitic plant distributions are shaped by host tree availability and quality. These results support symbiont limitation, mediated through forest age and edaphic gradients, as an assembly process influencing postagricultural community dynamics.