Introduction The many negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic especially on vulnerable groups like patients suffering from drug addiction have been anticipated by experts early on. While drug consumption patterns of patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST, N=24) seemed hardly influenced at the early stage of the pandemic in Austria, the impact on the mental health of this population remained unclear. Objectives The main goal was to investigate long-term consequences of the pandemic in terms of PTSD and clinical symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among patients in OST between December 2020 and February 2021. Methods In a cross-sectional survey study (N=123) an adapted version of the impact of event scale (IES-R) was applied to evaluate PTSD symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and respective changes due to the pandemic were documented. Sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors, as well as data on drug consumption patterns were collected. Results A binary logistic regression analysis confirmed the negative long-term consequences of psychological and economic COVID-19 related factors on a higher risk for PTSD due to the pandemic. The high-risk PTSD group also demonstrated higher levels and a deterioration of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms since the pandemic. Conclusions Among our sample of patients in OST, 27% were at risk of PTSD due to the pandemic, and 30 to 50% reported concerning levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Health care facilities might use these findings as a valuable source of information, when special attention is needed. Disclosure No significant relationships.


BACKGROUND
Superficial fungal infections have usually been considered to be caused only by dermatophytes. In recent years their epidemiology has been changing with other fungi being isolated and, thus, antifungal agents with a broad spectrum of activity, such as itraconazole, may be particularly useful. The risk/benefit ratio for any such treatment is determined by its tolerability profile and the duration of therapy.

OBJECTIVE
The aim was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a shorter treatment regimen, using a higher dose of itraconazole, with a standard itraconazole regimen in the treatment of tinea corporis/cruris.

METHODS
An open study compared oral itraconazole 200 mg daily for 7 days with oral itraconazole 100 mg for 15 days in 153 patients with tinea corporis/cruris.

RESULTS
At follow-up all patients in both groups were clinically cured or markedly improved. However, mycological cures were greater in the 7-day treatment group (90%), and the onset of clinical and mycological cure was faster in this group.

CONCLUSIONS
Itraconazole, 200 mg daily for 7 days, offers a short convenient and effective treatment option for tinea corporis and tinea cruris.


Experimental investigations of a flat plate heat transfer in the presence of transition induced by wakes after still and hesitating cylinder were carried out. Analysis of distributions of local heat transfer coefficients, temperature and velocity profiles, their fluctuations and other characteristics of boundary layers permits to determine the length of wake-induced transition and its location. On the basis of study of wakes characteristics in the free-stream the reason of heat transfer intensification in pre-transitional boundary layer was determined. Under influence of periodic unsteady wakes transition region shits upstream in comparison with the case of steady wake.


Recent Trend in Comparative Education Tetsuya Kobayashi International Christian University Recently educational planning and reforms in many countries have greatly increased the demands on comparative education to develop as a "predictive science". With the improved application of the comparative method in other disciplines such as economics, political science, sociology, and anthropology, comparative educators have been giving more serious attention to methodological problems. Consideration has been given to the relative merit of the Kandel-Hans-Schneider "old approach" for contemporary problems in which comparative education is expected to be a science. While their contribution in making comparative education a systematic study is appreciated, their "historical" and monolithic, teleological approach is questioned. Three methodological questions are discussed in this paper. The first concerns comparative education as a science. So far two methods have been suggested. The one is to adopt methods of other "scientific" disciplines in social science such as sociology. This presupposes that other disciplines in social science are more scientific and can provide adequate models for the problems of education. This argument, however, can be questioned. Another is to construct the methodology of comparative education on the basis of the scientific method in general. Holmes calls this method the "problem approach". The second question is related to the collection of relevant data for research, which has been extensively discussed by the Comparative Education Society in Europe. Various frames of reference have been presented which must be verified by empirical research. The third question is on the method of comparison of the data. The application of typology and quantitative comparison is examined herein. A Note on the Comparative Study of Educational Administration Systems Susumu Ikeda Kyoto University I use here comparative study as a means to integrate various comparable factors in the worldperspectives to systems of educational administration. Therefore, I do not intend to show entire systems in detail in this short article. First of all, like Mr. P. Rossells, I point out the main currents in world education as follows, (1) the increasing tendency of national intervention in education and (2) the mass education. In these situations there are increasing central controls in educational administration-systems. The problem of centralization vs. decentralization is relative and not always fixed by political geography. We can see many cases of central controls in educational systems taking the form of decentralized administration on a nation-wide basis, as in the United


Low alcohol, nutritional and healthy Liuhe Liqueur was finally produced by the addition of six kinds of Chinese medicine (wolfberry fruit, dried tangerine peel, safflower, liquorice, tuchahoe and yam which steeped in alcohol solution) in the production of yellow rice wine with the traditional technologies.(Tran by YUE Yang)


1. A system, comprising: checking-balancing indexing tool to facilitate verification mechanism for rotor balancing using balancing test device comprising a drive mechanism, said indexing tool balancing test comprises: the surface of the rotor holder disposed on the rotor; ipriemnoe device rotor holder adapted to be mounted between the drive mechanism unit check balancing and said surface of the rotor holder, wherein the interaction of said surface of the rotor holder and said reception apparatus the rotor holder provided indexing connection between the drive mechanism and the rotor during installation of the rotor to said surface of the holder rotor and said rotor receiving device holder balansirovki.2 verification device. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface of the rotor holder is formed on the rotor holder adapted to be fixed with the fixing rotorom.3. The system of claim 1, wherein said compound is a kinematic indexing soedineniem.4. The system of claim 1, wherein said surface of the rotor holder and said receiver rotor holder interact to provide multiple detents indexing for indexing a rotor with respect to said reception apparatus rotora.5 holder. The system of claim 4, wherein said surface of said rotor holder and rotor holder receiving device configured to enable a user to change the indexing of the rotor when the rotor mouth


The Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure (PRSEUS) is a concept that was developed by The Boeing Company to address the complex structural design aspects associated with a pressurized hybrid wing body (HWB) aircraft configuration, which has been a focus of the NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project. The NASA-Boeing structural development for the HWB aircraft culminated in testing of the multi-bay box, which is an 80%-scale representation of the pressurized center-body section. This structure was tested in the NASA Langley Research Center Combined Loads Test System facility. As part of this testing, barely visible impact damage was imparted to the interior and exterior of the test article to demonstrate compliance with a condition representative of the requirements for Category 1 damaged composite structure as defined by the Federal Aviation Regulations. Interior impacts were imparted using an existing spring-loaded impactor, while the exterior impacts were imparted using a newly designed, gravity-driven impactor. This paper describes the impacts to the test article, and the design of the gravitydriven guided-weight impactor. The guided-weight impactor proved to be a very reliable method to impart barely visible impact damage in locations which are not easily accessible for a traditional drop-weight impactor, while at the same time having the capability to be highly configurable for use on other aircraft structures.


This report focuses on young people with specific speech and language difficulties (SSLD) as they finished Year 11 of compulsory education and moved into the first year of post-16 education, training and work. But it is informed by previous phases (Years 3, 6, 7, 9, and 10) and provides a longitudinal study which examines developmental trajectories and identifies predictive factors over time. The study sought to identify how their experiences and developmental trajectories differed from other children with special educational needs (SEN). Key findings include: the primary challenges for the children identified with specific speech, language and communication difficulties in secondary school revolved around their literacy difficulties; students with SSLD were at risk of behavioural, emotional and social difficulties; despite their difficulties throughout school, there were indications of more positive experiences and of success during the first year post-16 for the SSLD and SEN cohorts; overall some 77 per cent of the young people continued in full-time education and a further 12 per cent in work-related post-16 training and this compares favourably with the national average of 84 per cent in further education or training.


BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails caused in most cases by dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Despite numerous available antifungal drugs for therapy of this infection, the cure rate is low, with high rates of relapse after treatment and side effects. OBJECTIVES To present a new option for the treatment of onychomycosis, in search of a more effective and rapid method than conventional ones. METHODS Patients underwent two sessions of CO2 fractional laser 10.600nm associated with photodynamic therapy. Mycological and digital photography were performed before and after the treatment. RESULTS McNemar test with continuity correction and degrees of freedom = 1: for clinical cure rate, 13.06, with p=0.00005; for mycological cure, 17.05, with p=0.00005; 72% felt fully satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS The use of fractional CO2 laser 10.600nm associated with photodynamic therapy can be effective in the treatment of onychomycosis, decreasing the risk of systemic lesions that may be triggered with prolonged use of oral antifungals.


This paper considers optimization problems of energy demand networks including aggregators and investigates strategic behavior of the aggregators. The participants of the network are a utility company, who plays a role of energy supply source, aggregators and a large number of consumers. We suppose that the network will be optimized by price response based or, in other words, market based optimization processes. We also suppose that the aggregator has a strategic parameter in its cost function and, by choosing the parameter strategically, the aggregator will try to pursue its own benefit. This general problem formulation will apply to a specific problem setting, where the aggregator possess battery storage with different specifications: The one is high-performance and expensive and the other is low-performance and cheap. The aggregator will choose total capacity of storage to be installed and a ratio of high-performance storage to low-performance storage as the strategic parameters and try to increase its own benefit. By using numerical examples, we show that the strategic decision making by the aggregator could provide useful insights in qualitative analysis of energy demand networks.


A solar radiation simulator operating over the extended spectral range from 400 to 1800 nm is described. A source of Lambertian radiation over an extended spectral range similar to the extraterrestrial solar spectrum was required to test and calibrate the solar flux radiometer flown on the Pioneer-Venus mission. Available units did not feature the Lambertian target nor the extended spectral range. A source was designed and built using a tungsten-halogen lamp and a xenon arc, along with interference and absorption filters, and a BaSO4-coated integrating sphere. Readily available parts were used wherever possible. The spectral radiance of the test area and the calibration method are presented. The source can also be used with a quasi-collimated output beam of moderate uniformity.


Temperature dependences of dielectric dispersions in the homogenous and homeotropic alignment cells of 2-chloro-4-(4-pentylbenzoyloxy)benzoate (PCPB) were measured in the nematic phase in the frequency range between 100 Hz and 1 MHz. The obtained dielectric dispersions, ε′(ω) and ε′′(ω), could be explained using the Cole–Cole formula accounting for DC conduction. The parameter values in this formula were determined by the least-squares method. The frequency dependence of the dielectric anisotropy, including the dual-frequency characteristic, was well reproduced with our parameter values. The activation energy Ea for molecular reorientation was estimated as approximately 9 × 102 meV. The crossover frequency fc was approximately proportional to the relaxation frequency fr in PCPB.


Objective To study the chemical constituents from the radix and rhizome of Myrsine stolonifera. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by D101 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS spectra. Results Eleven compounds were identified as askaempferol(1), dihydrokaempferol(2), quercetin(3), 5, 7, 4′-trihydroxyisoflavone(4), chrysoeriol(5), quercetin-7-O-α-D-glucoside(6),(-)-epicatechin(7), 3, 5-dimethoxy-benzylalcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8), 2, 6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-Dglucopyranoside(9), syringing(10), and(+)-lyoniresinol3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11). Conclusion Compounds 2, 4—11 are all isolated from the plants of Myrsine Linn. for the first time, and compounds 1—11 are all isolated from this plant for the first time.


Summary of part of a paper presented at the Symposium on 'Manufacture and Use of Starters for the Dairy Industry', May 1976.


The article discusses the role of monks and monasteries in the formation of sublimation technology pagan worship of ancestors in personalized, calendar cult of saints. Changing the status of the symbolic death transforms collective pagan graves in cemeteries personalized. Their sanctification of leads to the aggravation of the topological and the mental alienation, erosion of monastic self and destruction collective memory.


briefly introduces the concept and advantages of remote sensing technology, elaborated with emphasis the remote sensing technique in the monitoring of atmospheric pollution,water pollution monitoring from four aspects of the application.


Carduus nutans (nodding or musk thistle) is an important invasive plant of Eurasian origin. Biological control of this species, using insects that attack rosettes or developing seed heads, has met with varied success in different parts of its invaded range. Here we develop and compare simple demographic matrix models for populations of this species in Australia and New Zealand, to explore reasons for these differences. In a New Zealand population, rapid population growth of C. nutans is driven by early life history transitions. In an Australian population, fecundity of C. nutans is of reduced importance, and survivorship of rosettes plays an increased role. These differences suggest how biocontrol agents that are successful at providing control in one situation may fail in another. Theoretical explorations of the models show which life history transitions drive the differences in matrix elasticities. We suggest that characteristics of the invaded community also play a role in invasion success of this spec...


We propose a dynamical systems model that captures the daily fluctuations of human weight change, incorporating both physiological and psychological factors. The model consists of an energy balance integrated with a mechanistic behavioral model inspired by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB); the former describes the net effect of energy intake minus energy consumption and the latter describes how important variables in a behavioral intervention can influence healthy eating habits and increased physical activity over time. A three-compartment energy balance model is presented for the general human weight change case. The model can be used to inform behavioral scientists in the design of optimized interventions for weight loss and body composition change. The novelty of our approach lies in the integration of the behavioral and mechanistic model descriptions, the representation of the behavioral intervention as a dynamical system, and its application to problems in weight loss and body composition change.


The present invention relates to a separating tray (23) A distillation column for the polymerizable material (1), which chassis comprises a separation plate (29) and at least one accessory (31) having at least a plurality of holes (30), which characterized in that the accessory (31) of said plurality of holes (30) divided into groups (32), wherein the accessory (31) forming an opening (33) through which liquid.


Summary: The issue of the article focuses on the need for the selection of investment funds of the Warsaw Stock Exchange with a certain similarity in terms of investment risk. For this purpose, the selected hierarchical agglomeration procedures and the diagrams methods that allowed creating a map of the funds, describing their diversity and diversity of the market, were applied. In addition, the compatibility of the obtained results were verified in terms of the measures of the investment risks designated by the fund managers.


Bioisosterism and scaffold hopping are two widely used approaches in medicinal chemistry for the purpose of lead optimization. The study highlights the physicochemical properties of the 4-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole scaffold, a less investigated heterocyclic system. Synthetic strategies to obtain different N-substituted 4-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole isomers are presented, and their role as possible isosteres of the carboxylic acid is discussed. The aim is to use this system to modulate the acidic moieties present in lead compounds and, at the same time, to regiodirect substituents in set directions, through targeted substitution on the three nitrogenatoms of the triazole ring. Through this approach, compounds having enhanced binding affinity, will be sought. Two examples of bioisosteric applications of this moiety are presented. In the first example, a classical bioisosteric approach mimicking the distal (S)-glutamic acid carboxyl group using the 4-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole moiety is applied, to obtain two promising glutamate analogs. In the second example, a scaffold hopping approach is applied, replacing the phenolic moiety present in MDG-1-33A, a potent inhibitor of Onchocerca volvulus chitinase, with the 4-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole scaffold. The 4-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole system appears to be useful and versatile in drug design.


Gyrodactylus turnbulli Harris, 1986 infected the caudal peduncle (42% of all flukes) and caudal fin (40%), of guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859), occurring less frequently on the pectoral (8%), dorsal (5%), pelvic (2%), and anal (1%) fins. This distribution of parasites on the fish and their crowding varied with infection age. On newly infected guppies, G. turnbulli occurred less frequently on the peduncle, and mean nearest-neighbour distance was not correlated with population size. Over the first 4 days of the infection the proportion of parasites on the peduncle increased to 60%, and mean nearest-neighbour distance became correlated with population size. In declining infections (day 6 onwards) the proportion on the peduncle declined, and mean nearest-neighbour distance increased independent of population size. This pattern suggests random colonization of the fins followed by migration to the peduncle, from which dispersal occurred during the declining phase of the infection.


The derivatographic method was used to study the thermal decomposition of pine wood, which was thermally treated in the form of granules at atmospheric pressure under its own gas environment. It is shown that an increase in the treatment temperature from 250 to 300 °C leads to the temperature range extension of decomposition of the fuel and an increase in its calorific value. Кеуwords – derivatography, wood, torrefaction, thermal treatment, thermal decomposition, temperature and heat of thermal decomposition


Carbohydrates for digestive health and/or fiber have come a long way since the first definition of dietary fiber was created by Hipsley in 1953 and expanded by Trowell and others in the early 1970s (Devries et al. 1999). These first definitions described the nondigestible components of plant cell wall material and associated compounds. In the following years, much information has been discovered with research regarding nondigestible carbohydrates and/or fiber (as well as other nondigestible substances) and how they nourish the body through fermentation in the large intestine. This is a very exciting time as more relationships between nondigestible carbohydrates, the human or the animal host, and gut microbiota are explored and brought to light. There is much more research necessary for further discoveries and aid in both human and animal digestive health. We are using the term nondigestible carbohydrate in the contents of this book instead of or in addition to the term fiber, because some definitions of fiber preclude smaller nondigestible carbohydrates such as lactulose or galactobiose. These are classified as disaccharides and under most current regulatory rules, they qualify as sugar and not fiber, regardless of their digestibility or fermentability in the colon or glycemic impact. Furthermore, some nondigestible carbohydrates do not have


Mrunalini B R. β-glucosidases catalyzes hydrolysis of cellobiose and cellodextrins releasing glucose as main product which is used in food, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries, it is an important component of the cellulase complex, it not only hydrolyzes cellobiose and short-chain cello oligosaccharides to glucose, also removes inhibitory effect of cellobiose on β-1, 4-endoglucanase and exoglucanase, thereby increasing overall rate of cellulose biodegradation. Rotten wood samples were collected for isolation and identification of different fungi. 5 fungal isolates of the 20, showed higher cellulose degrading ability which were identified as Pisolithusspp., Phanerochaetespp., Syncephalastrumspp., Aspergillusspp. and Nigrosporaspp. Phanerochaete spp. showed highest ability to degrade cellulose with least cellulose concentration of 22μg/ml and 10μg/ml, in biomass production. Glucose urea media supported more fungal growth than Potato dextrose broth. Nigrosporaspp. showed 560μg/ml of protein content. The β-glucosidase activity (pNPG and salicin as substrates) results indicated that Pisolithus spp. exhibited highest enzyme activity i.e., 237 and 300 μg/ml/min respectively and showed highest alcohol production of 290μl/gm of fungal mat. Therefore, if the fungi are appropriately screened and purified for β-glucosidase, they can be potentially improved for bio-conversion of cellulose to glucose and facilitate efficient plant biomass biodegradation for biofuel production. Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.


Chapter 1. Introducing the Buddy Lee System Chapter 2. Get Ready to Jump Chapter 3. Step 1: Base Phase-Master the Basic Techniques Chapter 4. Step 2: Conditioning Phase-Develop Jump Skills and Endurance Chapter 5. Step 3: Sport Training Phase-Add Anaerobic Intensity Chapter 6. Build Endurance Chapter 7. Increase Speed and Quickness Chapter 8. Gain Strength and Power Chapter 9. Improve Agility, Coordination, and Balance Chapter 10. Condition for Specific Sports and Fitness Goals Chapter 11. Warm-Up, Cool-Down, and Active Rest Chapter 12. Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Chapter 13. Weight Loss for Athletic Goals.


Less than a third of the new GP commissioning consortia have nurses on their governing bodies, according to an RCN survey.


The quality control and quality assurance system, which is an important component of the water-environment monitoring work, can reflect accurately the present situation of the water-environment quality and forecast the developing trend of the pollution, and possesses the operability. It has been used in the practice and got satisfactory results.


To observe the effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on hemorheology in the rabbits with coronary heart disease at the stage of blood stasis syndrome,thirty-two healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group,model group,sham-operation group and traditional Chinese medicine group(TCM)with eight rabbits in each group.The constrictor rings were implanted in left coronary artery to establish the model of coronary heart disease at the stage of blood stasis syndrome.The rabbits in sham-operation group just were opened the chest but not implanted the constrictor ring.On the basis of the model group,the rabbits in TCM group were intragastrically administrated Xuefu Zhuyu decoction according to 20g/kg,once a day for continuous ten days while the rabbits in the control group,the model group and the sham-operation group were given the same volume of normal saline,then to observe the changes of hemorheology.The results showed that as compared with the control group,in the model group,the viscosity of whole blood,revivification viscosity of whole blood and hematocrit(HCT)all increased and the difference was very significant(P0.01),the thrombogenesis time reduced and the difference was very significant(P0.01),the quality of thrombogenesis,cohesion rate of blood platelet,red blood cell index of filtration(IF)all increased,and the difference was very significant or significant(P0.01or P0.05).When compared with the model group,in TCM group,the viscosity of whole blood,revivification viscosity of whole blood and HCT all reduced,and the difference was very significant(P0.01),the thrombogenesis time increased,and the difference was very significant(P0.01),while quality of thrombogenesis,cohesion rate of blood platelet and red blood cell index of filtration(IF)all reduced,and the difference was very significant or significant(P0.01or P0.05).It was supposed that Xuefu Zhuyu decoction improved the pathologic changes of hemorheology in rabbits with coronary heart disease at the stage of blood stasis syndrome,and restored the normal mobility of blood.However,further researches were needed to explain its therapeutic mechanism.


Nowadays transportation is one of the most Indispensable parts of every society, which has significant effects on economics, society, and the environment. In this study; asphalt surfaced roads environmental loads using Lifecycle Assessment Analysis have been studied. This study aims to; assess environmental impacts of road construction, maintenance and its application with defining loads causes, results of the most important procedure throughout its lifecycle and suggestion resolves for critic processes in order to develop a perspective for decision-makers, managers and anyone who related to asphalt-surfaced roadways. In this paper Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been done in three categories (human health, ecosystem quality, and resources) using SimaPro 7.1 software. What makes this paper distinct from previous studies in road life cycle assessment is; a comprehensive analysis has been done in three main categories, which have subcategories that all the subcategories and categories analyzed with characterization, and weighting option, it is necessary to specified the most critique processes in road LCA, so that the next step to reduce the negative effects could be possible, there are no specific studies in road LCA so we did this study more specific in terms of environmental impacts details rather than just analysis 3 main categories. In the results, the resources category determined as the highest environment loads in asphalt surfaced roadways life cycle. Due to high fossil fuel affects which is one of the resources subcategories the resources category is the first impact category. Ecosystem quality and human health are respectively in the second and third places on the environmental impact.


ABSTRACT The article presents a synthesis of recent analyses of the character and consequences of Costa Rica's agricultural policy during the 1980s. In the context of the neo-liberal economic approach encouraged by international funding agencies, the government has emphasized non-traditional exports such as flowers and exotic fruits while reducing support for producers of basic grains. The author summarizes critiques of the policy, showing that small-scale farmers are becoming impoverished while the traditional "rural democracy," which has distinguished Costa Rica from other Central American states, has become seriously threatened.


The work studies submesoscale fronts (with characteristic transverse scales lower than the Rossby internal radius of deformation) in inland seas on the base of remote sensing data. We show that we can significantly broaden our insights into the physics and geography of small-scale fronts by employing satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR). During our satellite survey of the Baltic Sea, we obtained many satellite images of the sea surface bearing imprints of fronts of different formation mechanisms and different spatial and temporal characteristics. First we develop a methodology for identifying various submesoscale front signatures in SAR images and list the most common features of front manifestations. We describe characteristic features associated with fronts of different nature which are not usually detectable by traditional observational data sources because of their small scale and because they are often masked by upper-level clouds. The main problem is to discriminate between signatures of fronts in the sea and those in the nearsurface layer of the atmosphere. We validated our interpretations of front features in SAR images via the combined analysis of data on the sea surface and marine atmosphere condition, sea surface temperature, and mesoscale water dynamics.


The utility model discloses a landslide early-warning tensometer, which comprises a cabinet and a built-in alarm circuit board, and further comprises an alarm loudspeaker and a power supply battery, wherein a band tape unit device is arranged in the cabinet, a measuring rule fixed head of the outermost end cap of the band tap unit is connected with a rope measuring unit which is used to detect on site, a vernier scale is arranged on a straight measuring rule segment of the band tap unit, a magnet is embedded in the vernier scale, an on-and-off switch in the alarm circuit is a group of tongue tubes, and the tongue tubes are arranged on the outer side of the vernier scale, a vernier scale fixing device is further arranged in the cabinet, which is arranged on the lower portion of the straight measuring rule segment, and an instrument protective casing is further added out of a landslide monitoring tensometer. The utility model is a group-measuring group-preventing monitoring and early-warning instrument used for abrupt geological hazards, and is mainly used to comprehensively control geological hazards.


This paper is part of a larger project exploring the school to post-school choices of New Zealand's first post-1984 generation. In this paper we analyse census data relating to the employment of young people (aged 15-24 years) in two of the project's sites, Southland and Auckland. We then discuss out participants' perceptions of the labour market and find that these perceptions are broadly in line with general labour market trends, and that they incorporate a reasonable sense of the local opportunities for part time employment while at school. But participants lacked this 'local literacy' when considering future employment possibilities. That is, they lack a clear sense of engagement with 'place' in relation to their imagined working futures.


Background: Simulation is used for teaching neonatal resuscitation; however, studies assessing the impact ofsimulation-based neonatal resuscitation education (SBE) have produced variable results. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of SBE on nursing students� knowledge.Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing of Neishabour University of Medical Sciences on 80 nurses selected through convenience sampling method. The data was collected using a standardized questionnaire for neonatal resuscitation designed based on the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP; 7th Ed, 2016). To analyze the data, we performed independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and paired t-test in SPSS, version 16.Results: There were no significant differences in the level of knowledge of neonatal resuscitation between the two groups at pre-test (P=0.452). However, comparison of the two groups at post-test reflected that the mean score of the students in the SBE group was significantly higher than the traditional group (P<0.001).Conclusion: SBE was significantly more effective than traditional neonatal resuscitation education.


The occurrence of Siganus fuscescens was recorded on March 1st 2020, within the harbour of Gioia Tauro, southern Tyrrhenian Sea (38.44428 N, 15.90459 E). The capture was realized by a recreational fisher and shared through a Facebook group. Here we illustrate this new record and discussed its relevance for Mediterranean bioinvasion research.


Two patients with hyperparathyroidism and cystic bone lesions were reported. Case 1: A 32-year-old female was admitted to our clinic because of right lower leg pain. Radiographs of the long bones showed cystic bone lesions and subperiosteal bone resorption was found in the hands. The right fibula had pathologic fracture. Laboratory investigations disclosed hypercalcemia (11.4mg/dl) and hypophosphatemia (1.8mg/dl). The serum alkaline phosphatase was 94 K-Au and the PTH level was 2.4ng/ml. The serum 1, 25-(OH)2-D3 level was 105.9pg/ml. A parathyroid chief cell adenoma was removed. Case 2: A 23-year-old female was admitted to our clinic because of right forearm pain. Radiographs showed groundglass appearance of the right humerus, radius, first metacarpus and proximal and distal phalanx. Laboratory studies showed normal serum calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase values. The serum PTH level was elevated to 4.9ng/ml. Resection and bone grafting was done. This case was recognized as polyostotic fibrous dysplasia associated with primary hyperparathyroidism.


Description is made of the production and present development as well as the prospect and application of Chip Ta capacitors both at home and abroad.


Quantitative phase imaging with digital holographic microscopy (DHM) allows label-free imaging of tissue sections and quantification of the spatial refractive index distribution, which is of interest for applications in digital pathology. We show that DHM allows quantitative imaging of different layers in unstained tissue samples by detection of refractive index changes. In addition, we evaluate the automated refocussing feature of DHM for application on dissected tissues and could achieve highly reproducible holographic autofocusing for unstained and moderately stained samples. Finally, it is demonstrated that in human ulcerative colitis patients the average tissue refractive index is reduced significantly in all parts of the inflamed colonic wall in comparison to patients in remission.


This paper presents the working principle and the way of implementation of a biogas plant using the sludge collected at the wastewater treatment plant at Apavital Iasi. The plant is able to provide 694 kW electric power as well as a total of 2540 kW of thermal power which are mainly used for internal purposes, ensuring about a third of total energy needed for supplying the equipments of the wastewater treatment plant. The hot water is utilized for domestic needs during the winter and for technological biogas producing process.


The synthesis of twenty three new N-p-tolyl-N′-2-(substituted)benzothiazolyl-N″-alkyl-guanidines has been reported. Several of these including some N-p-tolyl-N′-2-(substitued)- benzothiazolylguanidines* have been evaluated for their antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis (H 37 Rv) and also for their antibacterial activity. Among these N-p-tolyl-N′-2-(6-methoxy)benzothiazolylguanidine and N-p-tolyl-N′2-(6-methyUbenzothiazolyl-N″-methyl-guanidine are the most active as antituberculars but all the tested compounds are inactive as antibacterials.


The concept of the duty of product quality and the duty of product are different.This article distinguish between the duty of product quality and product from meanings、important document of structure、and take in hand manner and etc.


Background. When multidrug therapy was introduced a decade ago to shorten the duration of treatment, paucibacillary leprosy was advocated 6 months of treatment. The diagnosis is based mainly on clinical and histopathologic examination, negative slit‐skin smear examination, and positive lepromin test.


Student movements in the twentieth century Middle East have received less attention than many other topics in the study of the region's cultural and political history. Yet the rapidly changing demographic composition of the region since the 1960s have made young people and youth activism a significant parameter in Middle Eastern politics, highlighted by the Arab Spring that began in late 2010. Student movements in Turkey and Egypt gained momentum in the 1960, and in the 1970s Islamic discourse became increasingly popular among young activists. These youth movements operated through flexible structures, allowing them to challenge the state authority and secular statecraft. This essay explores three of the leading religious and nationalist student movements in Turkey and Egypt in the 1970s.


Recent studies have shown that the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) protein plays a central role in the immune system by facilitating the production of Type I interferons in cells. The STING signaling pathway is also a prominent activator of cancer-killing T cells that initiates a powerful adaptive immune response. Since biomolecular signaling pathways are complicated and not easily identified through traditional experiments, increasing molecular dynamics (MD) capabilities provide powerful new scientific tools for decoding the pathways. We used MD simulations to study these biological pathways' structural and dynamical responses of the full-length human STING proteins. Specifically, we investigated ligand-bound closed and ligand-unbound open forms of STING in the membrane system by comparing their conformational and dynamical differences. Our research provides clues for understanding the mechanism of the STING signaling pathway by uncovering some detailed insights for the examined systems.


Conventional control systems for machine tools and manufacturing systems are often limited in their computational power, connectivity and interoperability. Cloud-based control systems are a solution that addresses these issues. Advantages of the cloud are the elasticity of computational power (Infrastructure as a Service) and a plethora of development tools (Platform as a Service). The developed solutions are based on a local control system with an additional connection to the cloud. Communication and control of the field level run centralised through this control system. To try for more flexibility, we propose an approach where individual components at the field level are directly connected to the cloud. They are equipped with computational resources, connected directly to a TCP/IP network and communicate with each other and perform control tasks. This had been made possible by ever-shrinking integrated circuits at lower prices. In this paper, a possible use scenario, hardware candidates, and firmware aspects are presented. For an initial examination, the findings were compared against requirements for cloud-based control in the application area of soft-tissue interaction. This proposed architecture will be the basis for a prototype in the future.


Leiyomyosarcoma of vascular origin is rarely seen occurring in the Inferior Vena Cava. We report a rare case of a young male with giant retroperitoneal leiyomyosarcoma which extended into the right atrium.


8512 Background: At the second interim analysis (IA2) of the triple-blind, phase 3 PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091 study (NCT02504372), pembrolizumab significantly improved DFS compared with placebo in patients (pts) with completely resected stage IB (T ≥4 cm) to IIIA NSCLC per AJCC v7, regardless of PD-L1 expression (N = 1177, HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.91, P = 0.0014). We present DFS in subgroups related to surgery, disease burden, and adjuvant chemotherapy use. Methods: Pts had pathologically confirmed, completely resected stage IB (T ≥4 cm) to IIIA NSCLC of any PD-L1 expression and ECOG PS 0-1. Systematic complete or lobe-specific mediastinal lymph node dissection was recommended; minimally, the subcarinal and 1 lobe-specific lymph node must have been examined. Adjuvant chemotherapy of ≤4 cycles was given as indicated by local guidelines. Eligible pts were randomized 1:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W for 18 doses (̃1 y). Treatment effects on DFS were assessed in prespecified subgroups of with and without adjuvant chemotherapy and in exploratory subgroups defined by surgery type, pN stage, tumor size, no. of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles, and adjuvant regimen; only subgroups of > 50 pts were analyzed. Data cutoff for IA2 was September 20, 2021 (median time from randomization to cutoff, 35.6 mo). Results: By surgery type, the HR (95% CI) for DFS was 0.78 (0.64-0.96) for lobectomy (n = 925), 0.85 (0.43-1.69) for bilobectomy (n = 92), and 0.71 (0.40-1.24) for pneumonectomy (n = 127). For subgroups based on nodal status, HR (95% CI) for DFS was 0.63 (0.46-0.86) for pN0 (n = 490), 0.77 (0.57-1.03) for pN1 (n = 456), and 1.00 (0.71-1.41) for pN2 (n = 231). By tumor size, and irrespective of nodal status, the HR (95% CI) for DFS was 0.91 (0.69-1.20) for size ≤4 cm (n = 491) and 0.70 (0.55-0.89) for size > 4 cm (n = 685). The HR (95% CI) for DFS was 0.73 (0.60-0.89) in pts who received adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 1010) and 1.25 (0.76-2.05) in those who did not (n = 167). Among pts who received adjuvant chemotherapy, HR (95% CI) for DFS by number of cycles was 0.59 (0.28-1.26) for 1-2 (n = 67) and 0.74 (0.61-0.91) for 3-4 (n = 943); by regimen, it was 0.74 (0.55-0.98) for cisplatin + vinorelbine (n = 491), 0.51 (0.31-0.83) for carboplatin + vinorelbine (n = 151), 1.21 (0.73-1.98) for carboplatin + paclitaxel (n = 135), 0.65 (0.30-1.40) for cisplatin + gemcitabine (n = 57), and 0.68 (0.41-1.14) for other regimen (n = 176). Conclusions: Pembrolizumab generally improved DFS versus placebo regardless of type of surgery, lymph node involvement, tumor size, and type and extent of adjuvant chemotherapy in pts with completely resected stage IB (T ≥4 cm) to IIIA NSCLC. These data support the benefit of pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy for early-stage NSCLC following complete resection and, if indicated, adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02504372.


Background : The study examined the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process. Methods : A three-layer backpropagation neural network was optimized to predict Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process. Considering the smallest mean square error (MSE), The configuration of the backpropagation neural network was three-layer ANN with tangent sigmoid transfer function (Tansig) at hidden layer with 14 neurons, linear transfer function (Purelin) at output layer and Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation training algorithm (LMA). Results : ANN predicted results were very close to the experimental results with correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.993 and MSE 0.000334. The sensitivity analysis showed that all studied variables (Contact time, ultrasound frequency and power and pH) had strong effect on Ammonia nitrogen removal. In addition, pH was the most influential parameter with relative importance of 44.9%. Conclusions : The results showed that neural network modeling could effectively predict Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process.


The game of golf involves many different types of shots, including long tee shots (typically hit with a driver), approach shots to greens, shots from the sand, and putts on the green. Although determining the winner of a golf tournament by counting strokes is easy, assessing which factors contributed most to the victory is not. In this paper, we apply an analysis based on strokes gained, introduced previously, to assess professional golfer performance in different parts of the game [Broadie M (2008) Assessing golfer performance using Golfmetrics. Crews D, Lutz R, eds. Sci. Golf V: Proc. World Sci. Congress Golf (Energy in Motion, Inc., Mesa, AZ), 253–262]. Strokes gained is a simple and intuitive measure of each shot's contribution to a golfer's score and was implemented by the PGA TOUR to measure putting in May 2011. We apply strokes gained analysis to extensive ShotLink™ data to rank PGA TOUR golfers in various skill categories and to quantify the factors that differentiate these golfers. Long-game shots (those starting over 100 yards from the hole) explain about two-thirds of the score variability among PGA TOUR golfers. Tiger Woods is ranked first in total strokes gained, and at or near the top of PGA TOUR golfers in each of the three main categories: long game, short game, and putting. He dominates because he excels in all phases of the game, but his long game accounts for about two-thirds of his scoring advantage relative to the average of other PGA TOUR golfers (i.e., the field). We use a similar approach to rank PGA TOUR courses for their difficulty, both overall and in each part of the game. We also discuss the recent change in the groove rule for irons by the United States Golf Association. A preliminary analysis shows that it has had almost no impact on scores from the rough.


Heterochrony describes the elongation of a specific phase during ontogeny at the cost of others. Ontogeny includes the entire life history of an animal or its organs (Haeckel 1866). The ontogeny of a tooth includes two parts, early ontogeny and late ontogeny. During early ontogeny the tooth is formed in the crypt. During late ontogeny it is functioning and exposed to wear. Heterochrony during early ontogeny affects the final shape of the tooth and forms the basis for its function during late ontogeny that is characterized by wear. The result of tooth wear is not uniform with time. Only in a few tooth types the primary enamel surface function for a major part of the life span. In most other tooth types some initial wear is required to reach full functionality, when dentin is exposed and enamel ridges are carved out. When this functional surface is reached, further changes caused by continuing wear should be limited, allowing similar functionality to continue over a long time period. Some types of facets, in various mammalian groups, fulfill this requirement, and they stimulated the search for general patterns in the process of tooth wear. Examples are discussed here as "specialized wear facets". Their function is compared with common tools, such as scissors, guillotine cutters, rasps, or end-cutting pliers. This allows us to bypass the various inconsistent definitions of "cutting", "shearing", and "grinding". The great variability of mammalian teeth and their different functions prohibit sophisticated and very detailed comparisons, but some more general thoughts are provided in this paper. Observing the life history of teeth offers a better understanding of the relationship between the wearrelated changes in tooth morphology and function. Teeth are formed almost completely in the crypt of the jaws, and after eruption they are exposed to wear. Wear, as a destructive and unrenewable process, causes changes in morphology and function. The general life history of teeth is divided into several phases that allow some comparisons between various tooth types and wear patterns. The estimated length of these phases can be interpreted in terms of heterochrony (McNamara 1990, Smith 2003), because some phases are extended at the cost of others. The evolution of the different kinds of hypsodonty and various specialized wear facets can be used as examples of how heterochrony affects tooth morphology and the maintenance of function during wear. This is a summary paper based on two earlier papers where additional discussion and citations are provided (Koenigswald 2011 and 2017).


Hiccups are transient, benign physiological annoyance that affects almost everyone at some point of time. Hiccups result from wide variety of conditions. Most of the causes of hiccups originate in the digestive tract and the CNS. Hiccup is reported to represent atypical manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We report a case of 33-year old male who presented with persistent hiccups, and 24hr pH- metry confirmed diagnosis of reflux disease. Keywords: hiccups, gastroesophageal reflux, pH-metry


A Family of modular multilevel universal controller (MUPC) is introduced in this paper. The new concept makes use of any already installed parallel-grid-connected modular multilevel converter through extending some of the converter modules to build another series-grid-connected multilevel converter (of same or reduced size) as a grid reinforcement measure and also for providing various FACTS functions. This concept potentially provides extended range of dynamic functionality to the grid, while making use of already installed assets, providing solutions with reduced cost and footprint.


Diabetic retinopathy is a dorm of damege to the retina as a result of chronic diabetes mellitus. The high level of blood sugar in the capillaries could cause it to shrink and leads to hemorrhage that would end up in blindness. According to online news portal kompas on 15/08/08, it is said that approximately 117 million people suffer from diabetes by 2000, and the number is predicted to increase to 366 million in the year 2030 . Written also on the source that in Asia, diabetes would be "epidemic", mainly caused by Asian people's diet that mainly consist of high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals without sufficient amount of sport. With the escalation of diabetics, the number of people with diabetic retinopathy would also increase. On the previous research, a system for diabetic retinopathy detection and classification had been made with 67,87% accuracy . On this final paper, a software is constructed in order to detect and classify the severeness of diabetic retinopathy using curvelet transformation and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification method. This system could classify diabetic retinopathy in four levels, according to severeness, which is non diabetic retinopathy, mild, moderate, and severe. From the analysis and evaluation done to this system, the accuracy of 65% is acquired.


There is an increasing interest in automatic text mining in biomedical texts due to the increasing number of electronically available publications stored in databases such as PubMed and SpringerLink.
The main problem that makes this goal more challenging and difficult is the inability of processing the available information and extracting useful connections and assumptions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new text-mining tools to facilitate the process of text mining from biomedical documents.
The goal of the present diploma thesis is to present known methods of text mining, and to develop an application that provides reliable knowledge from biomedical literature based on efficient text mining techniques.
In particular, our attempt is mainly focused on developing an efficient clustering algorithm and using techniques for evaluating the results of clustering, in order to assist the users in their biological information seeking activities.
The proposed algorithm involves different clustering techniques, such as Hierarchical Algorithm, Spherical K-means Algorithm and employs a final ranking according to Impact Factor of retrieved documents.
The basic steps of our algorithm are: preprocessing of text's content, representation with the vector space model, applying Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), fuzzy clustering, hierarchical clustering, spherical k-means clustering, selection of the best cluster and ranking of biomedical documents according to their impact factor.
The application that we implement is based on the above algorithm and provides two search methods: 1) search with user's queries, which are saved in the database and thus playing the role of a compacted storage of his past search activities, 2) search through a list of pre-specified biological Topics, and thus providing the user with an extra assistance in his various queries. Moreover the whole scheme can mine useful associations between terms by exploiting the nature of the formed clusters.


Content based medical images have become a major necessity with the growing retrieving Advancements. CBIR access to medical images for supporting clinical decision making has been proposed that would be ease to manage large number of image in the database system. (4) In real time case only few systems has been developed and used in clinical environment. Content-Based Image Retrieval refers to image retrieval system that is based on visual properties of image objects other than textual annotation. Query image features compare with the database image features which is not exactly matching so image feature can be compare with the two tier approach in the database image in order to improve the accuracy of the retrieval system. Every day, large volume of different types of medical images such as MRI, CT images ultrasound, x- ray, radiology, etc are produced in different medical centre's .microscopic image classification and discrimination (sub-type) (12) is the most difficult problem in medical image retrieval system. In this paper, the survey provides the suitable algorithm for retrieval and classification of medical image to improve the overall accuracy of the MIMS.


In this paper a new experiment was designed by appling the volt compensated principle to measuring current.This method can avoid the error which caused by the currentmeter's Inter resistance.


The leaf essential oil of Stauranthus perforatus Leibm. (Rutaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica, was isolated by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition determined by GC–MS. The most abundant essential oil components were α-pinene, germacrene D, and α-cadinol.


The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method has been used to determine the cross section for stripping of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ in collisions with p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}. The calculations were done for relative velocities from 0.015\ensuremath{\alpha}c to 1.0\ensuremath{\alpha}c. A maximum cross section of about 40 A${\r{}}^{2}$ is found, somewhat smaller than previous estimates.


IN a recently published book Dr. Hugh L'Etang1 has examined the effects of ill health upon the leadership of many of the statesmen and military leaders of the present century. In his introductory c...


The invention relates to a multimedia automatic data processing method read out by a communication terminal, such as a recording of a multimedia data link worm read or read multimedia data sharing. An object of the invention is an automatic method of processing multimedia data read by a communication terminal of a user comprising an indexing a multimedia data read by a communication terminal of a user based on said emotion user sensed by a sensor of said communication terminal during playback of said multimedia data, said emotion index and associated with said read multimedia data for processing multimedia data based on said emotion index. So if a user surfing the Internet smiled watching a specific web page, the link to this web page will be saved in your favorites on the user terminal with an emotion index such as a smiley face "smile"? .


We have investigated the influence of impact velocity and intrinsic surface wettability of nanostructures on the impact dynamic behaviors of water droplets on nanostructure surfaces. Nanowires array surfaces with tunable wettabilities ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic were fabricated by the deposition of surface modifiers differing in alkyl chain length. The transition criteria of rebound/wetting state and rebound/splashing state based on the relationship between the Webber (We) number and the surface free energy were determined. We have confirmed that the critical We number that determines the transition of the rebound/wetting increased as surface energy decreased. Additionally, the We number at which fragmentation occurred on our superhydrophobic surface was relatively low compared to previously reported values.


A first look at the chemical composition of the interstellar comet Borisov reveals ingredients that look a lot like those found in solar system comets. That's not likely to last very long.


Cleared out: First contact in the western desert is a detailed account of the effect of the testing of rocket and nuclear weapons in the western desert upon the Aboriginal people who lived in the area and the non-Aboriginal people who tried to minimise these effects. The reader is drawn into the world of politics as politicians juggle the need to develop defensive weapons in the event of another war breaking out with the needs of Indigenous Australians. The three authors all have connections with the Martu people. Sue Davenport initially became involved in a large oral history project with Martu people which led to the publication of Yintakaja-lampajuya: These are our waterholes, and a map identifying waterholes in the Great Sandy Desert, subsequently used in the Martu's native title claim. She is now coordinator of the Martu-controlled Kanyirninpa Jukurrpa, a Martu history and archive project. Peter Johnson, who has co-authored a number of papers and reports with Sue Johnson, also works full time on Kanyirninpa Jukurrpa. Yuwali, born and raised in the Percival Lakes region of western Australia, was 'brought in' to Jigalong at the age of seventeen. She first told Sue Davenport her story in 1987 and in 1999 worked with Sue to develop the story into this written account. In the first chapter, Cleared out provides information on the lives of the inhabitants of the western desert. The Dreaming story of Wirnpa the rainmaker is narrated in this chapter, and other Dreaming stories are woven into the narrative throughout the book, providing the reader with examples of the connection between Dreaming and the lives of Yuwali and her group who are part of a larger community known as the Martu. Martu is a collective term used from the 1980s to describe people who are connected through language and live in the area of the Gibson, Little Sandy and Great Sandy deserts in western Austrlaia. Information on climate and food are also provided early in the book and further references to food and daily life are included throughout the narrative. Details on the extended family group living in and around the dump area (the place where the missiles were expected to land) provides valuable information for the reader to use while reading the book as well as providing an understanding of Indigenous family connections. Although the reading age is above that of students in primary and most students in junior secondary years, information provided in Cleared out could be adapted by both primary and secondary teachers to provide authenticity to facts found in more conventional textbooks or on web sites. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education Vol. 34, No. 3, November 2006, pp. 365–369


Objective To observe the change of relevant indicators in titrating neonatal fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2) for the target SpO2 according to the "30-60-90" rule.Methods 100 neonates with anoxia neonatorum were randomly selected and divided into premature group (50 cases) and mature group (50 cases).Pulse oximeter was used to monitor the pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2) and "30-60-90" rule was used to titrate FiO2 for the target SpO2.Blood gas was analyzed half an hour after the SpO2 was stable.The success rate was calculated and double variables were used to analyze the value of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2),SpO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) statistically.Results The success rate to reach the target range of PaO2 was 90%,in which the premature group was 92% and the mature group was 88%.According to the correlation analysis,there was positive correlation between SpO2 and SaO2 in premature group (r =0.765,P =0.000) and mature group (r =0.778,P =0.000),and between SpO2 and PaO2 in premature group (r =0.593,P =0.000) and mature group(r =0.726,P =0.000).The SpO2 and PaO2 of the premature group were lower than that of the mature group,and the differences were statistically significant (Z =-3.175,-2.409,respectively; P < 0.05).There was no significant difference of PaO2,however,between the premature group and the mature group (P > 0.05).Conclusions The "30-60-90" rule is a very convenient and effective bedside guideline for neonatal oxygen therapy,which is worthy in clinical promotion and implementation.

Key words:
Infant, newborn ;  "30-60-90" rule ;  Oxygen therapy ;  Pulse arterial oxygen saturation;  Arterial blood oxygen partial pressure


7 154 Chapter 7 | Summary and general discussion 154 Summary The aims of this thesis were to study the neurophysiological background of het-erogeneity in AD in order to elucidate differences in disease mechanism that lead to variations in clinical presentation. In addition we aimed to study the usefulness of EEG as an outcome measure in a clinical trial. The main findings are briefly summarized below followed by a general discussion to put the findings in a broader perspective, some methodological issues and finally recommendations for further research.


More women with a prior cesarean section are seeking to give birth vaginally, and the practice has been encouraged by statements from the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. However, controversy remains about its safety, and resolving it is critical as we seek to reduce use of C-section and ensure quality of …


Wire harnesses are a set of electric cables and wires routed and bundled together to transmit current or signals from one element to another in electro-mechanical or electronic systems. Such wire harnesses are essential parts in many electronic appliances including those installed in automobiles and airplanes. This paper surveys applications of industrial engineering to wire harness industries. For each application area, research issues are presented.


Driven by the pervasion of privately owned mobile d vices, in recent years, we witness a trend of cons umers rather than enterprises increasingly diffusing technology innov ations into work environments. Today, owners of ubi q itous technologies (e.g., smartphones, social networks) not only use t hem privately but also apply them on business purpo ses, which is known as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) or more generally coin ed as consumerization. While consumerization is hea vily discussed in industry, nowadays only few research contributio ns exist. Applying a switching theory perspective i n a post-adoption study, we investigated consumerization on an indivi dual level. In so doing, we developed and operation l zed a consumerization construct and empirically tested in addition the individual drivers of consumerization in a study among graduate students.


Decentralized full-text search is still an unsolved problem in peer-to-peer research. As part of this thesis, we introduce Sweep, a fully decentralized full-text search engine built on Apache Lucen ...


Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India today. While the production of agricultural crops has been rising at a rate of 1.5 to 2 percent perannumthat of eggs and broilers has been rising at a rate of 8 to 10 percent per annum. This research article attempts to throw some insights on how do consumers actually look at branding when it comes to poultry products. Consumers where questioned on the role played by a brand when it comes to their food especially eggs and chicken.


The article analyzes the specific psychological peculiarities appearing the educational process at school. Specific demonstrations of lateral profile of the participants and the methods of its diagnosis are examined.


Seeds are the primary inoculum source of Didymella bryoniae on cucurbits cultivated in plastic greenhouse. The objective of this work was to compare the effectiveness of methodologies used for the detection of this pathogen in muskmelon seeds. Four methodologies were evaluated: blotter test with seed freezing and whole seed analysis; blotter test without seed freezing with the analysis of seed parts (seed coat, perisperm, and cotyledons); test of seedling symptoms growing in sand; and test of seedling symptoms growing in the commercial substrate Plantmax ® . For each test, 200 seeds of the hybrids Sunrise, Bonus II, and Prince Hakucho were used. The results of the blotter test did not show any D. bryoniae structure associated with seeds. The seedling test in sand did not present any visible disease symptom. However, the seedlings growing in commercial substrate presented gummy stem blight symptoms, with seed transmission rates of 52, 45, and 28%, for the hybrids Sunrise, Bonus II, and Prince Hakucho, respectively, showing that this was the most efficient method for detection.


The invention relates to a device comprising a matrix made of III-V nitride, said matrix comprising at least an active first portion through which an electrical current passes and at least a passive second portion through which no electrical current passes, said matrix comprising at least a first zone forming a first quantum confinement region made of a III-V nitride, said first zone being positioned in said active first portion, and at least a second zone forming a second quantum confinement region made of III-V nitride, characterized in that said second zone is positioned to said passive portion of said matrix.


Power systems operation is widely monitored through load flow analyses. The three main methods used in these analyses are Newton-Raphson (NR), GaussSeidel and Fast-Decoupled method. These methods involve long calculations and numerous iteration which leads to an increase in computation time. However, fast analyses are required for an efficient power system protection scheme. Therefore, an alternative method which consumes much lesser time to compute and able to provide accurate results are necessary. In this paper, the accuracy of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is studied by comparing numerical and analytical results for an IEEE 14-bus power system network model. The study is done by varying the load parameters at bus 6 and the output voltages (in per unit values) of all the buses are recorded for ANN training and testing purposes. The ANN is coded using the MATLAB software and the result obtained is compared with the analytical and simulation results. Findings from this study suggest that the ANN could possibly be an alternative method for load flow solutions.


Consumer product compositions, a water-soluble organic photoactive agent, when the photoactive agent is a photo-excited state and / or reduced state, and an electron acceptor that receives electrons from the light activators, electronic beneficial active agent that changes beneficial active agent by the movement of and a precursor. The electron acceptor is preferably not covalently bound to the photoactive agent. A method of making a beneficial active agent, the consumer product composition is also disclosed a method preferably including the wavelength is irradiated approximately 350nm greater light.


Th e increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) and consequent increase in air temperature is expected to have signifi cant eff ects on plant growth and nutritive value. Studies examining the eff ects of elevated [CO 2 ] on plants under fi eld conditions have been limited by the inherent diffi culty to modify air composition in open air. Here we describe an effi cient and inexpensive open-top chamber (OTC) system designed to study the eff ects of elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] and temperature on perennial alfalfa–timothy ( Medicago sativa L.)–( Phleum pratense L.) mixture. Th e design and construction of these OTCs are described in detail, along with cost estimation for each component. Eight OTCs, each with 1.2 m 2 of ground area (four with elevated [CO 2 ] and four with ambient [CO 2 ]) were fabricated and four control plots of the same dimension were established to assess the chamber eff ects on plant responses to CO 2 . Th e [CO 2 ] in elevated-CO 2 chambers fell 93% of the time within ±20% of the targeted 600 µmol mol –1 CO 2 , based on 10 min averages. Th e CO 2 consumption in elevated-CO 2 chambers averaged 3.0 kg CO 2 m –2 d –1 . To ensure that the environment within OTCs was similar to the surrounding fi eld, growing conditions were determined in all chambers and control plots. Adequate light transmission was observed compared to control plots (93%) and the temperature increase was 0.7°C on average. Aft er two growing seasons of continued use, this system has proven its eff ectiveness for studying the eff ects of CO 2 and climate change in the fi eld at low cost.


Background: Malaria has remained an important public health problem in Nigeria with children under 5 years of age bearing the greatest burden. Accurate and prompt diagnosis of malaria is an important element in the fight against the scourge. Due to the several limitations of microscopy, diagnosis of malaria has continued to be made based on clinical ground against several World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Thus, we aim to assess the performance of empirical clinical diagnosis among febrile children under 5 years of age in a busy pediatric outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. Children aged <5 years with fever or 72 h history of fever were recruited. Children on antimalarial prophylaxis or on treatment for malaria were excluded. Relevant information was obtained from the caregiver and clinical note of the child using interviewer administered questionnaire. Two thick and two thin films were made, stained, and read for each recruited child. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: Of the 433 children studied, 98 (22.6%) were empirically diagnosed as having malaria and antimalarial drug prescribed. Twenty-three (23.5%) of these children were confirmed by microscopy to have malaria parasitemia, while 75 (76.5%) were negative for malaria parasitemia. Empirical clinical diagnosis show poor predictive indices with sensitivity of 19.2%, specificity of 76.0%, positive predictive value of 23.5% and negative predictive value of 71%. Conclusion and Recommendations: Empirical clinical diagnosis of malaria among the under-five children with symptoms suggestive of acute malaria is highly not reliable and hence the need to strengthen parasitological diagnosis.


Thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been first reported by N. A. Izmailov and M. S. Schreiber in the late 1930s. The liquid mobile phase usually moves in pores of a layer supported by a rigid plate placed vertically in a simple container, e.g., a beaker. The flow is driven by capillary forces in the pores only and no sophisticated instrumentation is required. The individual components of the mixture are separated based on differences in their affinity for the solid stationary and the liquid mobile phases. The typical format of the stationary phase represents a thin layer coated on a glass, aluminium, or plastic plate. The porous sorbents can be silicon dioxide (silica), aluminium oxide (alumina), and cellulose, held together, e.g., with gypsum. The main advantages of TLC are the ease of carrying out the separations, which can also take place in parallel lines on the same plate, simple equipment, stationary phase for single use, static detection, and the possibility of archiving the separation result in a dried layer. However, the typical 100–250 μm thick layers are not well suited for combination of TLC with mass spectrometry (MS). This has led to the commercialization of ultrathin 10 μm thick monolithic silica layers. Unfortunately, their production was soon discontinued. Alternative solutions to that problem originated from the academic environment. In one approach, the layers were formed from nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Alternatively, the layers were porous monolithic polymers produced by polymerization in situ and a variety of separations of both small and large molecules was demonstrated. The use of MS detection then enabled determination of molecular mass of the compounds in the separated spots. Although preparation of the thin monolithic layers originally appeared straightforward, some unexpected problems had to be solved. This review details issues related to the history of the monolithic TLC and presents approaches leading to well behaving layers suitable for the desired separations.


In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dramatic increase in maritime transport costs might potentially exert detrimental impacts on the macroeconomy, especially for countries that heavily rely on international trade for their consumption and production activities. Our study employs a small open economy DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) model to analyze the impact of maritime transport costs on the South Korean macroeconomy, where maritime transport costs are considered as key factors impacting the law of one price. Positive shocks in maritime transport costs, according to the impulse response function, have positive repercussions on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), terms of trade, nominal exchange rates, and nominal interest rates, but can negatively affect real output and real exchange rate. To verify the validity of the our DSGE model, we utilize a Vector autoregression with exogenous variables (VARX) model to examine the dynamic relationship between maritime transport costs and South Korean macroeconomic variables, based on quarterly data from the first quarter of 2002 to the fourth quarter of 2022. The results of the VARX model coincide with those of the DSGE model. Our findings underline the importance of maritime transport costs in the macroeconomy and hold substantial implications for the considered design and selection of policies to mitigate such shocks.


This study aimed to investigate the relationship of time spent on TV and in the use of computer and video game with overweight and obesity in children and adoles cents. The sample was composed by 114 individuals. The time spent watching TV as well as the use of the computers and of the video games was obtained by recall questionnaire. The cutoff used was 120 minutes. The body mass and height were measured to calculate the BMI and the nutritional status was determined by the protocol proposed by Conde and Monteiro (2006). Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio, with confidence interval of 95% (p <0.05). Individuals who spent more than 120 minutes per day with computers and/or video games have 2.6


This study evaluated Yasufuku's constitutive model in terms of its capability to accurately consider the observed behavior of Iksan compacted weathered granite soil for various stress-paths. The strains calculated from the model are in reasonable agreement with those measured, but some discrepancies occur. The largest differences between measured and calculated strains occur for axial strain of proportional loading with increasing stress. Yasufuku's constitutive model can consider the observed behavior of Iksan compacted weathered granite soil with accuracy for conventional triaxial compression and for p'-constant loading with increasing stress ratio.


The cultural exchanges among different nationalities and groups around the world are getting closer and closer. While cultures are constantly blending and influencing, conflicts and confrontations are constantly emerging. Cultural globalization brings not only challenges, but also opportunities for all countries. Based on the value of Chinese traditional culture and its influence in the world under the background of cultural globalization, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the strategic position, basic principles and innovative development direction of Chinese culture under the background of cultural globalization. The demonstration shows that in the face of the trend of cultural globalization, Chinese traditional culture needs to actively respond to challenges, and actively adopt new cultural strategies and development ideas from the political, cultural and economic perspectives in order to achieve the goal and demand of building a harmonious socialist society.


– Supply chain management emphasizes collaborative relationships between buyers and suppliers within a supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of buyer‐supplier partnership and to explore its impact on the supply chain performance., – The proposed research model was tested via structural equation modeling analysis with survey data collected in October 2007 from 141 buyer‐supplier practitioners in South Korea., – The results of this study imply that both strategic and operational variables are perceived as crucial factors affecting the buyer‐supplier partnership; thus, this partnership relationship exerts an impact on supply chain performance., – This study provides researchers and practitioners with a more comprehensive understanding about the buyer‐supplier partnership in a supply chain context. Future research should focus on developing additional constructs that may capture other aspect of buyer‐supplier partnership., – The present study makes an empirical contribution by investigating an integrated framework focusing on the antecedents of buyer‐supplier partnership and its impact on supply chain performance.


Taper equations from standing trees were developed for 32 major groups of the commercial species of British Columbia by applying outside bark data to an accepted taper model (the Whole-Bole system). Tests of this model on all groups show that estimates of volume, diameters inside bark at different heights, and heights for different diameters are sufficiently accurate and precise for practical use. In some cases, standing tree estimates are more reliable than those produced from the inside bark taper equations currently used in British Columbia. Including a bark thickness prediction function in the model would improve the reliability of estimation.Taper data can be obtained from standing trees accurately and inexpensively with a Barr & Stroud dendrometer. Because of this method of data collection is more efficient than felled tree measurement, these standing tree taper equations have great potential for use in local situations and where nondestructive samples are required.


The chapter brings out the findings of the study and concludes the discussions undertakewon the nexus of environment, society and sustainable development in the context of common property resources. Titled as "Sustainable Fishing Practices and Fishing Communities in Barak Valley : A Sociological Study" the study basically deals with sociological understanding of sustainability of the fishing practices among the fishing communities in Barak Valley of Assam and thoroughly examines cultural ecology, property resources and fishing practices, changing environment, adaptive strategies of the communities and sustainability of emerging out of the interplay between the natural environment the fishing communities in the given setting. Societies are constantly interacting with their environment to acquire various means of livelihood and they strive to exploit and change the environment. They innovate techniques and strategies to enhance their capacity and efficiency to exploit various natural resources from the environment and by using these they bring various modifications in the environment. But, in course of the interactions, the environment also exerts its influence upon the societies by shaping their economic, cultural and social life, i.e., occupations, values and institutions carry strong impact of various factors of environment. Thus, there emerges a dynamic system of society-environment interactions which contains


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GROSS gastrointestinal hemorrhage is not usually seen in uremic enterocolitis, and generally does not occur on the basis of renal failure.1 We have recently treated 2 patients with acute renal insufficiency who had massive gastrointestinal bleeding. The recognition of a bleeding lesion distinct from uremic enterocolitis was important for successful management. Case Reports Case 1. A 40-year-old man was transferred to Walter Reed Army Hospital on October 28, 1954, with the diagnosis of lower-nephron nephrosis. Four days earlier, he had been found in a semistuporous condition after an alcoholic debauch. His course before transfer was complicated by grand-mal seizures and . . .


This study uses grotesque aesthetics to discuss the twentieth century British writer Angela Carter's (1940-1992) short story collection Burning Your Boats, which gathers all of Carter's forty-two short stories from 1962 to 1992. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The introductory chapter presents Carter's life, writing style and the book itself, and reviews how scholars worldwide define and characterize the term "grotesque". Later, the motivation for this study is explained and the literature related to the book is reviewed. The second, third and fourth chapters applies the forms and features of grotesque and the spirit of aesthetics to explore the inconsistency, carnival, and allegory in this book. In the second chapter, we analyze how Carter distorts the content by embellishing the splendid manner of the language and by creating a constantly splitting and moving narrative, making the surface of the stories look uneasy and inconsistent. As to the third chapter, we explain how Carter sees language as an object and deliberately breaks the language system and cross-language symbols, and then reconstructs it to create an internal structure of two-dimensional values: conflict and coexistence, and the space for multilingual dialogue. The fourth chapter combines the findings from the second and third chapters, revealing the main theme of this book: an individual living in a social network cannot free oneself from the constraints of the authoritative and materialized world of black allegory. The final chapter redefines the grotesque aesthetics through the study of this book and pinpoints the similarities and differences of grotesque aesthetics between the mid-twentieth century and earlier times, and relocates Carter as an active distinctive writer in the mid-twentieth century according to her uniqueness and importance.


In practical application, the research of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition has fallen into a bottle-neck due to the lack of samples. Data argumentation methods based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) have received widespread attention in solving this type of few-shot sample problem. However, the generated images suffer from various shortcomings, such as lack of diversity, low signal-to-noise ratio, blur, etc. In this article, the VAE-WGANGP is proposed, which combines GAN and variational autoencoder (VAE) to alleviate these shortcomings. The innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, the generator of GAN is replaced with VAE, which constructs an asymmetric network ensuring the stability of GAN training; secondly, the asymmetric loss function is composed of four parts, including reconstruction loss, divergence loss, adversarial loss, and gradient penalty. In this way, the problem of gradient explosion or gradient disappearance is alleviated. The experimental results with the MSTAR dataset show that the images generated by the proposed model outperform the advanced technology with many similar deep features and achieve significant improvement in the target recognition accuracy rate.


Both wavelength selectivity and directional insensitivity are highly desired in thermophotovoltaic applications. A concept of a magnetic-polariton-enhanced thermophotovoltaic emitter is presented. The predicted normal emittance from such a nanoengineered surface exceeds 0.8 in the wavelength region from 0.62 to 1.98 μm and is below 0.2 at wavelengths longer than 2.4 μm. Furthermore, thermal emission from the proposed structure is diffuse-like as the emittance changes little with the direction up to 75° from the normal. The strip width allows tuning of the emittance spectrum to match particular photovoltaic cells to potentially enhance power generation with improved conversion efficiency.


The wave functions and energy levels for uranocene, U(C{sub 8}H{sub 8}){sub 2}, have been computed using ab initio techniques including the spin-orbit interaction and relativistic core potentials. The results give detailed information on the bonding in the ground state and on the assignment of the visible spectrum. A large amount of mixing of the ligand {pi} orbitals with the uranium 6d (and 5f) orbitals was found, confirming expectations of sizable covalent bonding. The symmetry of the ground state was found to be E{sub 3g}, in agreement with some previous experimental and theoretical results. There are many low-lying 5f{sup 2} excited states, only two of which have been observed, as well as 5f {yields} 6d, {pi} {yields} 6d, and {pi} {yields} 5f excited states. The visible bands, which give uranocene its green color, previously thought to be ligand-to-metal bands, are found to be primarily due to 5f {yields} 6d excitations. The basis set of 208 generally contracted Gaussian symmetry orbitals is of slightly better than double-{xi} quality, and 32 carbon core electrons and 78 uranium core electrons were replaced by relativistic core potentials. Double-group symmetry-adapted configuration-interaction expansions up to 31,000 in length were used. Spin-orbit matrix elements were included in themore » Hamiltonian matrices.« less


The aim of the thesis is to first determine the theoretical concept of milling and then practically apply milling. The theoretical part is generally focused on milling and milling with numerically controlled machines. Furthermore, given issues related to evaluating the structure of the surface. The practical part is focused on creating a model, select the cutting tool with cutting conditions, the determination of machining strategies and subsequent machining on a CNC machine. Followed by measurement and statistical evaluation of the roughness of the machined surface.


AIM: To determine the migration mode of host lymphocytes into the intestinal graft by analyzing different lymphoid compartments of the graft. METHODS: 2, 4, 6 days after transplantation, murine intestinal grafts were harvested for histologic assessment. Lymphocytes were collected from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), Peyer's patch (PP), lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the graft for analyzing by cytometry. RESULTS: At the day 2 and day 4, no evidence of rejection in intestinal allograft was found, while the rejection signs were apparent at the 6th day. At day 2 and day 4, host lymphocytes had rapidly replaced donor cell in graft MLN and PP. The migration of host lymphocytes into the LPL and IEL was not as fast as MLN and PP, however, the near-total replacement took place at the 6th post transplant day. The host lymphocytes were activated at the early stage of recruitment into the graft. CONCLUSION: The rapid recruitment of recipient lymphocytes and early activation could be responsible for the formidable rejection of intestinal transplantation.


The requirement for the high-quality optics for the 4th generation synchrotrons is becoming particularly urgent nowadays. We present a laboratory complex "SynchrotronLike" designed for the X-ray optics tests and development of the X-ray optical techniques before their use on the synchrotron sources. This complex consists of four main parts: 1) microfocus Xray source MetalJet D2+ 70kV, 2) detector module that contains X-ray spectrometer and three X-ray cameras with different resolution and field of view, 3) Micro-Optics Test Bench for X-ray optics tests and development of the X-ray optical techniques, 4) X-ray Single Crystal Diagnostics Endstation for the X-ray diffraction microscopy experiments. This complex was successfully used for the preliminary tests of the X-ray refractive lenses made from polymer, epoxy, and diamond. Moreover, the ultracompact X-ray transfocators, diamond monochromators, and beam-splitters for the 4th generation synchrotron sources were also tested on the "SynchrotronLike". The unique parameters of our laboratory source, such as high brightness and high beam coherency make it possible to implement versatile experimental synchrotron techniques. Consequently, we managed to get excellent results in the X-ray reflecto-interferometry and X-ray microradian diffraction. The results of the latter technique are presented in this paper.


In recent years, the main sowing areas of potatoes have moved from collective farms to the private sector, which makes it difficult to detect nematodes and establish their level of harmfulness in different regions of Ukraine. The cultivation of potatoes in monoculture for many years, the unpredictability of the existing seed system of regular maintenance of individual farms with healthy planting material, the lack of knowledge about the protection of plants against nematodes, contribute to the spread of globoderosis in new territories. Research strategy to protect the potato crop from nematodes should be aimed at a low-energy and environmentally friendly system based on the use of nematodes, the correct application of crop rotation crops, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the quality of planting material, since chemical hazards protect the environment. The outstanding issues in terms of regulating the abundance of golden potato nematodes remain the factors of the agrochemical properties of soils and their relationship with the pest size, aspects of the use of different potato precursors in terms of influencing the prevalence of the nematode, and estimating the monitoring status of its comparative numbers.
The article summarizes the results of quarantine monitoring of the distribution of the golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll) in Ukraine and by region. A comparison of the pest prevalence rate over ten years of quarantine monitoring has been conducted and conclusions have been made regarding their success at the regional level. The phenological development of the pest is specified taking into account the climatological features of the Vinnitsa region. A review of the features of biology and the pest development cycle is made on the basis of which briefly described signs of potato damage in the field.
On the basis of field studies, the effectiveness of the control of the potato nematode was evaluated by introducing crop rotation and selecting the appropriate alternation of different plants. The effectiveness of the use of potato varieties resistant to the nematode was assessed, and the level of their productivity against an infectious
background was determined in comparison with the variety unstable to the pest.
Conclusions have been made in the main areas of restricting the spread of the potato nematode in the private sector of potato cultivation in permanent crops.
Key words: golden potato nematode, yield, varieties, crop rotation, prevalence.


The Kerr reflection is studied on various cases of binary magneto-optical grating with circular dots. Proposed grating schemes correspond to irregular grating preparation. Kerr rotation is calculated using theoretical model based on coupled wave method. Obtained results are compared with experimental data and discussed to find conditions of optimal coincidence.


The Delegate for Africa: David Ivon Jones, 1883–1924. By Baruch Hirson and Gwyn A. Williams. London: Core Publications, 1995. Pp. x+272. £8.50, paperback (ISBN 897640-02-1). S. P. Bunting: A Political Biography, new edition. By Edward Roux. Bellville: Mayibuye Books. 1993. Pp. 200. No price given, paperback (ISBN 1-86808-162-1). Outsiders looking at the recent history of South African politics are apt to be struck by two conundrums. How can a nation that pushed the logic of 'race' as far as any society in history also have produced one of the world's most enduring non-racial political traditions? And how, in a period that has seen the crumbling of the Soviet Union and the discrediting of communist parties throughout the world, has the South African Communist Party (SACP) not only survived but risen to power, in coalition with the African National Congress and the Congress of South African Trade Unions?


In October 2011, the University of Toronto and the Torontoheadquartered Gairdner Foundation partnered to celebrate the ninetieth anniversary of the discovery of insulin. In 1921, four scientists worked to discover, isolate, and purify insulin at the University of Toronto: Frederick Banting, John J. R. Macleod, James B. Collip, and Charles H. Best. The credit for this achievement has been assigned in varying ways. Popular opinion, in Toronto and worldwide, has bestowed the recognition for discovery upon Banting and Best. Indeed, many noted diabetologists have credited the achievement to this pair. However, the Nobel Committee awarded the Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Banting and Macleod in 1923. Michael Bliss, in his 1982 history of the discovery of insulin, revisited the question of who really is responsible for this wonder drug. Our essay will explore the pathway toward the discovery of insulin and seek to understand why the credit for this monumental achievement was apportioned in such different ways.


The heritage problem of family firms was more and more attended by the practicians and theoreticians.Whether the family firms can hold over favoring directly affects their development,and the heritage favoring mostly depends on whether they can choose the heirs effectively.This paper aimed on the choice of heirs of family firms,and based on the actuality of the choice problem of heirs,and deeply studied on the various factors that will influence the choice of heirs,so that to provide some suggestions for the firms to choose the right heirs that can fit their needs in reason.


In this paper, aiming at the question of structural description of flow supply chain, the descriptive language is provided for modeling of supply chain. Chain, sub-chain, process, sub-process etc. are used as the basic structure. The formalized description of supply chain workflow is offered, the workflow graph, front-chain and front-set provide a way to model and analyze flow supply chain. At last, combining with above method, using the coal flow supply chain as the study object, the logistics model is founded, which provides a tool for description and analysis of flow supply chain.


This article introduces a linguistic approach to typography which is based on (interactional) sociolinguistic and metapragmatic theories of communicative variation that is located in the rather new sociolinguistic strand called the sociolinguistics of writing. Within the framework clarified here, typography, and graphic design in general, is understood as a variable perceptible resource which provides, by means of its reference-indeterminate variability, options for the ascription and interactive contextual construal of social (or indexical) meaning. As will be elaborated upon, the approach draws on the assumption that such social meaning is not inherent to communicative forms, but the result of discursively shared (enregistered) and thus unevenly distributed and hence contextually differing expectations, beliefs and assumptions (graphic ideologies). The work introduces a range of basic notions that are needed for the linguistic investigation in typography (typography, typographic scales, text design, multimodality), sketches the scope of linguistic investigations into typographic design on the background of different functions of typographic variation, locates the sociolinguistic approach vis-a-vis other linguistic approaches to typography, introduces the basic notions on which a sociolinguistics of typography is built (graphic variation, graphic knowledge, enregisterment, and graphic ideologies) and finally exemplifies the approach by means of examples from German-speaking discourse.