Disclosed in the present invention and relating to the technical field of communications are a control channel reception method and device, which can avoid interference from CSI-RSs while detecting common information. By means of a user equipment (UE), an embodiment of the present invention determines a common search space resource; in said common search space resource, and on the assumption that a base station sends no Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), said UE detects a first Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (ePDCCH), said first ePDCCH is used for scheduling at least one of the following: system information block (SIB) messages, paging messages, and Random Access Channel (RACH) response messages. The embodiments of the present invention are applicable to control channel reception.


Based on the survey data and interview material of four districts and one country in Beijing,this paper tried to analyze the impact of hosting 2008 Olympic Games on different social classes in the aspects of economy,politics,culture,education. The result showed that hosting 2008 Olympic Games have certain influence on different social classes,culture,education,sports and Olympic volunteers,but not tend to linear increase with the social class growing up. The research proves that we should pay attention to social poverty class during holding the 2008 Olympic Games,while social middle class is the sustainable supports,and social upper class should give elite support for 2008 Olympic Games.


There are many factors which influence performance of teachers. This research is limited to two factors which all at once become free variable. Firstly, is there any essential correlation between classroom management ability and performance of MANs teachers in Medan. Secondly, is there any essential correlation between attitude of communication and performance of MAN s teachers in Medan. Thirdly, is there any essential correlation between classroom management ability and attitude of communication simultaneously and performance of MAN s teachers in Medan.
This population of research is the teachers who are state officers status at MAN1, MAN 2 and MAN 3 Medan, who sum of 156 people. The samples are taken form 51 people by using stratified proportional random sampling, so that it was got the sample based on strata of period of work. This survey research use three types of questionnaires to collect the data, that are questionnaires of classroom management ability, questionnaires of attitude of communication and questionnaires of teachers prforrnance which consists of 30 points for each questionnaire with Likerts scale. The questionnaires had been validated in content and empirical. The result of the try out showed that from 30 points of classroom management ability questionnaires, 28 points were valid at alpha r 0,8834. Valid attitude of communication were 29 points by score alpha r = 0,8537 and 27 points of performance teachers questionnaires were valid at alpha r = 0,7892.
The data of this research is analyzed by software SPSS version 10.10. This result of research shows, firstly, there is strong and essential correlation between classroom management ability and pertbrmance of MAN s teachers in Medan, by correlation score r = 0,609 and p < 0,05 state that the trial of hypothesis refuse Ho and accept Ha. Secondly, there is strong and essential correlation between attitude of communication and performance of MAN s teachers in Medan, by correlation r = 0,524 and p < 0,05. Thirdly, there is strong and essential correlation between classroom management ability and attitude of communication altogether with performance of MAN s teachers in Medan.


Christine Jorgensen entered the public eye in December 1952, via the New York Daily News. The front-page headline read, "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty Operations Transform Bronx Youth," and the story inside told of her medical treatments in Denmark and her "sex-conversion" from man to woman (1). The initial publicity quickly escalated into media madness. Over the next several months, Jorgensen appeared in hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles in the United States and abroad. In February 1953, she returned to New York and learned to live in?and love?the spotlight. Soon she launched a successful nightclub act, which sus tained her popularity, and she appeared on television and radio and in theatri cal productions. In 1967, she published her autobiography, which sold almost 450,000 copies in its paperback edition, and in 1970, the Hollywood director Ir ving Rapper produced the movie version of her life. In the early 1970s, she went on the college lecture circuit and relayed her story to a generation of baby boom ers who had missed her startling debut. In the shadow of the atomic bomb, the red scare, the Korean War, and the emerging civil rights movement, Jorgenserfs part as the first celebrity transsexual might seem at first glance to be a forgettable blip in the reg ister of the past. But on closer examination Jorgenserfs story provides a critical entry point into twentieth-century tensions over science and sexu ality. In an era when others were questioning the hierarchies of race and gender, Jorgensen forced her public to think about the very definition of biological sex. Who qualified as a man, and who qualified as a woman? Was sex as obvious as it seemed? Could modern science enable a person to change sex? Were males necessarily masculine and females feminine? Why were gays, cross-dressers, and other transsexuals stigmatized, fired, arrested, and ridiculed at the same time that Jorgensen was treated as a star? In short, Jorgenserfs story allows us to listen in on a questioning of sex that marked the postwar years.


The invention discloses an air-curtain automobile window rain and snow prevention method and device, and belongs to the technical field of automobile parts. The method comprises the steps: guiding an air flow formed by a blower fan to columns a and c of an automobile and an air flow guide pipe with a spraying hole at an edge of the top of the automobile along an air flow guide pipe; and making a jetted air flow so as to prevent rain and snow from entering an automobile window. The device comprises a blower fan, an air flow guide pipe with a valve, a controllable throttling valve, the air flow guide pipe with a spraying hole and an in-vehicle control system. The method can meet the demands for the opening of a window in rainy and snowy days, and prevents rain and snow from entering the automobile. The device provided by the invention is small in occupied space, is easy to implement, and does not affect the appearance of the automobile.


Background: Early resumption of sexual activity coupled with early and unpredictable ovulation leads to many unwanted pregnancies in the first year postpartum. Moreover, in developing countries particularly, women who once go back home after delivery do not return for even a routine postpartum check-up, leave aside contraception. There are many reasons for not using contraception, specifically long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), including lack of awareness, non-availability of accessible family planning services, social pressure, and limitations on women's mobility mostly due to cultural or geographical factors. Thus, immediate postpartum family planning services need to be emphasized wherein the woman leaves the hospital with effective contraception in place. This study puts in an effort to find the efficacy and satisfaction rate in postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion. Aims and Objectives: To determine the efficacy and satisfaction rate in postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion. Materials and Methods: IUCD was inserted immediately postpartum regardless of the mode of delivery either intra-cesarean section (CS) or spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). Some patients took longer to make the decision, and IUCD was inserted after vaginal delivery within 48 hours. All the patients were followed up at six weeks and six months. Results: There were some complications and as accepted the satisfaction levels were good in the cases who did not have any complications. Conclusion: The satisfaction level is good except in the patients who suffer from initial complications.


We describe a construction (the 'warped cone construction') which produces examples of coarse spaces with large groups of translations. We show that by this construction we can obtain many examples of coarse spaces which do not have property A or which are not uniformly embeddable into Hilbert space.


I suggested that all experience can be construed as meaning organized into networks of classes. This includes our experience of the abstract relation of classification-the relation of being a member of a class. Class-membership is itself construed as a class in the network of classes; more specifically, it is construed by the intersection of 'intensive' and 'ascriptive' in the system network. In conclusion, I identify one of the ways my discussion has been restricted: I have focused an language as a resource for construing experience since the point of departure was Zadeh's remarks about human thought. 'Construing experience' is one of the three generalized functions of language the ideational function. The other two are the interpersonal and textual functions, and both of these are also inherently fuzzy.<<ETX>>


By using the result of the existence of solution of variational inequalities for pseudo-monotone operators,the existence and uniqueness of the curvature equation with Dirichlet boundary value conditions in W1,p(Ω)is proved.By deeply researching the relationship between the curvature equation with Dirichlet boundary value conditions and the curvature equation with Neumann boundary value conditions and by using aperturbation result on the ranges for maximal monotone operators,a sufficient condition that the curvature equation with Neumann boundary value conditions has solutions in W1,p(Ω)is proved.Some new techniques are employed in this paper,which extend or complement some corresponding results.


Performance is a key aspect of non-functional software requirements. While performance cross-cuts much of the software functionality, it is frequently difficult to express in traditional software development representations. In this paper we propose a framework for evaluating software performance using aspect-oriented programming (AOP) and examine its strengths and limitations. The framework provides a mechanism for supporting software performance evaluation prior to final software release. AOP is a promising software engineering technique for expressing cross-cutting characteristics of software systems. We consider software performance as a cross-cutting concern since it is not confined only a few modules, but often spread over multiple functional and non-functional elements. A key strength of our framework is the use of a code instrumentation mechanism of AOP - AspectJ code for performance analysis is separated from Java code for functional requirements. Java code is executable regardless of Aspect J code and can be woven together with AspectJ code when performance is evaluated. Our performance evaluation modules, written in AspectJ are semi-automatically or automatically generated from the UML [1] models with annotated performance profiles. The AspectJ code generator facilitates performance evaluation by allowing performance requirements that have been specified in UML models to be analyzed. The UML diagrams can then be improved by reflecting the feedback from the results of the performance analysis.


Babbage's mechanical fantasies still persist today, informing both what David Noble has termed the "religion of technology" (9) and more questionable recent arguments for intelligent design. Through its prosthetic simulation of faith, Babbage's text poses urgent questions surrounding "scientific" truth claims, technical expertise, and the nature of evidence, persuasion, and belief. The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise thus contributes to a complex history of objectivity a history whose emerging scientific borders form the distinct purview of Victorian studies, and especially studies of Victorian disciplinary formation. While none of us may ever scale the dizzying mental heights imagined by Babbage, his Treatise offers us an exciting vision of interdisciplinary inquiry, blending applied technology, analytic theory, and spiritual persuasion in ways so old they have become new again.


The C and Hg nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of series of 3-(p-substituted-phenyl)-2-methoxypropylmercuric chlorides and 3-(p-substituted-phenyl)-2-methyl-2-methoxypropylmercuric chlorides have been obtained. Variations in spectral parameters with the para substituent, solvent, concentration, and temperature are fully in accord with the conclusion that γ-phenylpropylmercuric halides exist (in poorly donor solvents) largely as intramolecular π complexes. Spectral comparisons for n-butyl-, 3-phenylpropyl-, and 3-(cyclopropyl)propylmercuric chlorides indicate that the π-donor ability of the 3-cyclopropyl group is insignificant.


The purpose of this study to understand collaborative process and the capabilities of the firm impact on innovation performance in convergence environment. To achieve the purpose, research model was empirically tested with a survey from 162 employees from 4 Korea manufacturing companies and 1 USA company. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS). As a result, collaboration process, learning capability and operation capability have significant and positive impact on innovation performance. It is a meaningful result that the collaboration process improve the innovation performance of firms through the operation capability and the learning capability.


An interfacial reaction is shown to occur between the native oxide on Hg1−xCdxTe and a CVD SiO2 overlayer. Native oxides were grown by anodizing and coated with SiO2 by the reaction of SiH4 and O2 at 100 °C. The structure was analyzed by sputter‐XPS profiling. The chemically split components of the Te(3d5/2) line indicate a much greater ratio of reduced to oxidized Te compared to the anodic oxide without SiO2. The reduced material is equivalent to roughly 15 A of anodic oxide. Calculations indicate that reactions in which oxide compounds of Hg, Cd, and Te are reduced by SiH4, Si, and SiO are thermodynamically favored.


Following a brief definition of the new concepts of calcergy and calciphylaxis, experiments are reported which show that, in rats prepared by a single intravenous injection of lead acetate, topical connective tissue calcification can be prduced by minute doses of various mast cell components (histamine, 5-HT) or mast cell dischargers (compound 48/80, polymyxin). This form of calcergy can be inhibited by topical pretreatment with any one among the substances just mentioned. Here, both the production of cutaneous calcinosis and its prevention appear to depend upon compounds that can be liberated by mast cells and, hence, we speak of mastocalcergy.

In rats similarly prepared by an intravenous injection of lead acetate, the subcutaneous injection of formalin or crushing of the skin with a hemostat likewise produces topical calcification. However, this form of calcinosis cannot be prevented by pretreatment with mast cell dischargers, mast cell products, formalin or trauma. Apparently, here we are not dealing with mastocalcergy, but with an essentially different mechanism dependent upon the localization of blood-borne lead and subsequently of calcium salts owing to severe vascular leakage.


Purpose – The frictional behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) under natural frequency of the experimental set‐up is yet to be investigated. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the frictional behavior of GFRP under natural frequency of the experimental set‐up.Design/methodology/approach – Experimental vibration is generated artificially in such a way that direction, amplitude, and frequency of vibration can be controlled.Findings – The presence of natural frequency of vibration indeed affects the friction force considerably. The natural frequency of vibration decreases with the increase of added dead loads to the experimental set‐up. The values of friction coefficient increase with the increase of natural frequency of vibration of the experimental set‐up. As the friction coefficient increases with increasing natural frequency of vibration, therefore maintaining appropriate level of natural frequency vibration friction may be kept to some lower value to improve mechanical processes.Prac...


Plumeria alba Linn (Apocynaceae) is used in the treatment of ulcers, herpes, scabies and seeds possess haemostatic properties. The bark is bruised as plaster over hard tumours. Only a very limited research has been carried out on the plant, under the present study assumes singular significance and it is supposed to contribute a great deal to the existing literature. The present paper highlights the macroscopic and microscopic characters of leaf, petiole, physico chemical evaluation and preliminary phytochemical studies of the plant (leaves). These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification and standardization of the drug in crude form. This study would help distinguish the drug from its other species.


The theorem proved by P. Levy states that $(\sup B-B,\,\sup B){\;\stackrel{\rm law}{=}\;}(|B|,\,L(B))$. Here, B is a standard linear Brownian motion and $L(B)$ is its local time in zero. In this paper, we present an extension of P. Levy's theorem to the case of a Brownian motion with a (random) drift as well as to the case of conditionally Gaussian martingales. We also give a simple proof of the equality $2\sup B^{\lambda}-B^{\lambda}{\;\stackrel{\rm law}{=}\;}|B^{\lambda}|+L(B^{\lambda})$, where $B^{\lambda}$ is the Brownian motion with a drift ${\lambda}\in\bR$.


Abstract The principal components transform is a standard lechnique for the enhancemenl of contrast in multi-spectral images. The contrast that is recorded in the image, as between-band variances, can by means of a linear transformation of the multidimensional image space, be concentrated in the primary band of the transformed image. This is quite effective where the recorded values are well separated in image space. However, where the separation is small, for example, where similar coloured targets are recorded with visible spectral bands, the method is more likely to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the targets because, although the contrast is increased, the noise is increased by a greater amount. For such targets a simple averaging of the images may be more effective in increasing target discrimination by reducing the noise level. If the spectral reflectances of the targets are known, or can be estimated a priori, then greatly enhanced discrimination can be achieved by altering the system exposure ...


This paper briefly introduces the hi story,development,present situation and significance of the West Wate r Syste m of Taiyuan City,and analyses on the principles and contents of thi s project' s programme and construction and the construction situation.


Indonesia is one of the largest paper producing and exporting countries in the world. Along with the increase in paper production causes an increase in solid waste originating from the reject pulp. The reject pulp has the potential to produce energy because it still contains high cellulose content of around 85.16% which is able to support the provision of usable and environmentally friendly fuel. The purpose of this study was to use of reject pulp as fuel in the form of briquettes by mixing coconut shell charcoal as cofiring and CPO sludge as an adhesive. The beginning of in this research is pretreatment of raw material samples and quality testing such as coconut shells which go through the authoring process using the torefaction process with temperature variations of 275 ° C and 300 ° C which are then mashed and reject the pulp through a washing and drying process in an oven which is then processed. form into briquettes with a variety of composition of reject pulp and coconut shell charcoal cofiring from 80%: 0%, 20%: 60%, 30%: 50%, 50%: 30%, 60%: 20%, and 0%: 80% , for adhesive 20% while 90%: 0%, 30%: 60%, 40%: 50%, 50%: 40%, 60%: 30%, 70%: 20% and 90%: 0% for adhesive 10 % of the total briquette weight which is ± 2 grams. The briquettes that have been form must qualified to the quality standards of SNI for wood charcoal (No.1 / 6235/2000) where after being tested only a few compositions have qualified the standards, for the reject pulp composition and coconut shell charcoal cofiring from 0:90, 30:60 40:50 with an adhesive composition of 10% and a composition of 0:80, 20:60, 30:50 with an adhesive composition of 20%, with the highest calorific value of 5274 cal/g, moisture content of 5.37%, and ash content of 2.65%.


In 1984 the Health Sciences Library at the State University of New York at Buffalo created a local area network (Lan) for the Library Consortium of Health Institutions in Buffalo using a multi‐user microcomputer. The rationale, methodology, capabilities and problems of the Lan are discussed. The changed demands of the Consortium and new University specifications on compatibility which have prompted plans for a new Lan are stated. The rationale and design for the new network are presented, and suggestions for Lan planners are made.


College English Teaching Reform is one important branch of the educational systemic reforms of our country.It will have a direct impact on the English teaching approach and implementation of the educational policy.This study is to focus on the effects of College Experiencing English Studying System on the various aspects of college English teaching and learning.And the findings suggest that it does a lot to improve the students′ learning habits,automatic learning,learning interest and efficiency in English.


Level of faith is employees' love for their industry incarnate.Enterprise manager should value employees' level of faith,set up a rational expecting value,build a communicating platform,a care project and a appraisement system to prompt employees to foster their faith to the enterprise.


In order to solve the problem that the existing XBT/XCTD probe is susceptible to the sea surface meteorologic and hydrologic environment during the measurement process, and the contact between the enamelled wire and the hull under the interaction of wind and current leads to the abnormal data, this paper proposes the design idea of the main control unit of the hydrographic profile element measurement buoy based on wireless communication. The buoy can hold a XBT or XCTD. Under the control of the main control unit, the buoy can release probe, data acquisition and coding, and then transmit the measurement results to the shipboard receiver in wireless communication by using the data transmission radio. The data processing software can obtain and display the measurement results in real time. After the hardware scheme is put forward, the software flow of the system is designed. At the same time, the mechanism analysis of hardware and communication problems is carried out. The optimized test results show that: The buoy can release the XBT/XCTD under the control of main control unit, hydrologic profile measurement data can be transmitted to the main control unit, the real-time data can be received by shipboard receiver. The buoy has characteristics of high launching success rate and good practicability, providing technical basis for measuring Marine hydrologic parameters in different sea condition, and has important application value.


The utility model discloses a front suspension mechanism of an electric car. The front suspension mechanism of the electric car comprises a chassis, a left tire and a right tire. The left tire and the right tie are respectively connected on the left side and the right side of the chassis in an assembled mode. The front suspension mechanism of the electric car further comprises a left swing arm assembly, a left spring shock absorber, a right swing arm assembly and a right spring shock absorber. The left tire is connected with one end of the left swing arm assembly in an assembled mode. The chassis is connected with the other end of the left swing arm assembly in an assembled mode. The left swing arm assembly is connected with one end of the left spring shock absorber in an assembled mode. The chassis is connected with the other end of the left spring shock absorber in an assembled mode. The right tire is connected with one end of the right swing arm assembly in an assembled mode. The chassis is connected with the other end of the right swing arm assembly n an assembled mode. The right swing arm assembly is connected with one end of the right spring shock absorber in an assembled mode. The chassis is connected with the other end of the right spring shock absorber in an assembled mode. The front suspension mechanism of the electric car is small in size, light in weight, and good in shock absorbing effect.


The main objective of the present study is to formulate and evaluate a sustained release dosage form of Simvastatin using Liquisolid technique. The polymers used to sustain the drug release are, PEG 400, Propylene glycol, Glycerol, Eudragit. Simvastatin is a Hypolipidemic drug used to control elevated cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia. Simvastatin is a member of statin class of pharmaceuticals and it is a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergilla's terreus. The compatibility studies between the drug and the polymer were studied using the FTIR spectroscopy and were found to be compatible. Preformulation parameters like, tapped density, bulk density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, compressibility index, angle of repose were studied and the results were found to be within the limits. The blend for F1 to F7 formulation was prepared by Liquisolid and the prepared blend was compressed into tablets by direct compression technique. All the trials from F1 to F7 were evaluated for their thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation and content uniformity test. The in-vitro drug release studies were performed in Phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 using USP dissolution apparatus type-II. From the dissolution studies it was found that F5 formulation produced by using Glycerol and Eudragit was best since it releases 89% of drug at the end of 24 hrs. The F5 formulation was subjected to stability studies for about 3months as per ICH guidelines and found to be stable.


Disclosed is an internal combustion engine control device which can accurately estimate the temperature behavior of an intake pipe during transition even in an internal combustion engine equipped with a turbocharger and variable valves. The internal combustion engine control device estimates the transient behavior of the intake pipe temperature on the basis of gas inflow into the intake pipe (dGafs/dt), gas outflow from the intake pipe (dGcyl/dt), intake pipe pressure (Pin), and the rate of change in the intake pipe pressure over time (dPin/dt). Then, knock control is performed during the transition period on the basis of the said estimated transient behavior of the intake pipe temperature.


Ca1 xPrxMnO3 d (x=0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.67; d=0.02) samples were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all samples prepared were of single phase with orthorhombic structure. Electrical resistivity measurements from room temperature to 1300K showed that a metallic conducting tendency dominated at high temperatures. The hopping nature of the charge carriers was well interpreted in the framework of polaron theory. The Seebeck coefficient was measured in the same temperature interval, and its concentration dependence was analyzed using the high-temperature (HT) thermopower theory proposed by Marsh–Parris. The thermal conductivity and the figure of merit of the prepared samples were also compared with those of other similar perovskite compounds. The observed figure of merit of the sample with x=0.15 was Z=1.5 10 K 1 at T=1100K, indicating a good potential for application as a HT thermoelectric material. r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 72.20.Pa; 72.80.Ga


Under soilless culture condition, test of cutting with terminal buds buried shallowly and cutting with that exposed out of the soilsurface was conducted the growth and development of various buds and development ways of tubers was studied. Results showed that shallow burying terminal buds can make the cuttings develop tubers earlier, and change the processes of tuber development, even the position where tuber developed. At the same time, this treatment can change the original differences existed in various varieties, which were caused by differnt maturity.\;


A 70-year-old male patient was referred for closure of patent foramen ovale after recurrent transient cerebral ischaemia. A 25-mm Amplatzer PFO occluder was implanted. Thereafter and due to his age and a history of chest pain during the past six months, we performed coronary angiograms which demonstrated tight stenosis of the distal part and significant stenosis of the proximal part of the right coronary artery (RCA). To


If a one-hour standard for sulfur dioxide were promulgated, air-quality dispersion modeling in the vicinity of major point sources would be an important air-quality-management tool. It is questioned whether currently available dispersion models would be suitable for use in demonstrating attainment of such a standard in the vicinity of large, elevated, buoyant point sources such as utility power plants. Results summarized suggest that using these models in connection with an hourly average standard does not present the regulatory community with any significant additional uncertainties that are not already being dealt with in connection with the current 3- and 24-hour standards. This review of the results of model evaluation studies was restricted to some fairly simple analyses. Additional analyses are recommended. Recommendations to improve model formulations are made regarding the treatment of plume behavior in the vicinity of the mixing height and the simulation of plume dispersion within the mixed layer during convective conditions.


The strength of the adhesive bond between a film coating and a tablet surface has been studied using a specially designed tensile testing apparatus. The adhesion has been taken as the force require to remove the film from unit area of the tablet surface and has been shown to be dependent on the compression pressure used to prepare the tablet and on changes in the film formulation. Although plasticizers did not show any significant effect on the adhesion of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose film, a reduction of 45 % was found on the addition of 10 % w/w titanium dioxide.


Four formally equivalent response modes were used to elicit laypeople's beliefs regarding the lethality of various potential causes of death. Results showed that respondents had an articulated core of beliefs about lethality that yielded similar orderings of maladies by lethality regardless of the response mode used. Moreover, this subjective ordering was fairly similar to that revealed by public health statistics. However, the absolute estimates of lethality produced by the different response modes varied enormously. Depending upon the mode used, respondents were seen to greatly overestimate or greatly underestimate lethality. The implications of these discrepancies for public education and risk analysis are explored.


The accuracy-welding product and its specialties were analyzed in the paper, and four key problems in the planning of accuracy- welding production lines were presented. These key problems include generalized technical planning, production schedule, layout of manufacturing line and planning of multivariate quality control. Planning strategies to solve these problems were discussed. An integrated simulation method based on virtual manufacturing technologies and modern optimization algorithms was advanced for the planning of accuracy-welding production lines, and the simulation environment was designed and established. It provided master plans and reference strategies.


Numerous challenges present themselves when scaling traditional on-chip electrical networks to large manycore processors. Some of these challenges include high latency, limitations on bandwidth, and power consumption. Researchers have therefore been looking for alternatives. As a result, on-chip nanophotonics has emerged as a strong substitute for traditional electrical NoCs. As of 2017, on-chip optical networks have moved out of textbooks and found commercial applicability in short-haul networks such as links between servers on the same rack or between two components on the motherboard. It is widely acknowledged that in the near future, optical technologies will move beyond research prototypes and find their way into the chip. Optical networks already feature in the roadmaps of major processor manufacturers and most on-chip optical devices are beginning to show signs of maturity. This article is designed to provide a survey of on-chip optical technologies covering the basic physics underlying the operation of optical technologies, optical devices, popular architectures, power reduction techniques, and applications. The aim of this survey article is to start from the fundamental concepts and move on to the latest in the field of on-chip optical interconnects.


Educational research has to deal with the problems that exist in the various educational fields. Complex space of the re-education of minors notes that the need to adapt strategies that improve and evaluate their learning is attached to the difficulties of their students. Learn about research designs innovative in this context may interest teachers in teaching with students such assignments, both the methodology of the teaching of the social sciences research. For this reason we present qualitative methods in research with students at risk of exclusion which analyzes developments in the acquisition of values and skills.


two seemingly different phenotypes are linked genetically. One of the genes that I identified to be involved in this hybrid incompatibility is a microtubule-associated protein. This family of proteins has never before been associated with the phenotypes that I describe. Therefore, further study of this incompatibility is expected to detail new pathways regulating shoot architecture and anthocyanin accumulation.


1. Past sounds 2. The nature of sound 3. Sounds in harmony 4. Hearing sound 5. Electronic sound 6. Ultrasound and infrasound 7. Sound underwater and underground 8. Sound out of place Further reading Index


With the development of smart grid, the power system has accumulated a lot of data. The inspection records of substations are mostly manual records. These data are recorded and stored in the power database in the form of text, which is difficult to use. Aiming at the problem that general word segmentation technologies have poor performance in power text recognition, this paper proposes to use TF-IDF algorithm to improve general Jieba word segmentation technology. The TF-IDF algorithm is used to identify and weight the power feature words, and update the data with higher weights to the keyword list, and more important words are retained. This article realizes the effective word segmentation of the text of the substation inspection record. Through comparative experiments with traditional techniques, segmentation technology that improves the accuracy and professionalism.


Precise segmentation of road areas using cheap Lidar is a tough and critical task due to data sparsity problem. With sparse point clouds, reliable perception of environment is difficult due to the lack of available information and loss of object features. This paper presents a new approach to use sparse 3D Lidar data for road segmentation by fusing multiple frames of point cloud. With registration of multiple frames into a same coordinate system, reliable data can be provided for later ground segmentation and edge extraction. The accuracies of extensive experiments on three kinds of roads demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains high precision and reliability.


The theories of rescaling,deterritorialization and reterritorialization have provided a Marxist political economic perspective to analyze city and regional restructuring in the era of globalization.This article indicates that the understanding of the deterritorialization and reterritorialization should be closely integrated with the analysis of contemporary capitalist movement.In each round of capitalist expansion,capital has fixed itself on a series of scalar configurations,which provides a geographical infrastructure for the process of capital circulation.This process is called territorialization.With the increasingly fierce contradiction between production and consumption,the crisis is befalling.In order to overcome the crisis,the capital self-adjusts its mode of production through the "production of space".When it experiences self-adjustments,the capital has leaved the old territorial organizations and broken the original scalar construction.Capital will keep flowing globally until it has hunted for appropriate places for a new wave of capitalist growth.Capital fixed itself again in a new scalar construction through the "production of space",reactivating the circulation process and reviving from the crisis.A country's major city-regions' position in the world urban hierarchy,and their control in the global production network,will directly affect the country's economic development.To this end,the state begins to foster and produce more competitive city-regions in its territorial jurisdiction.This forced the state to adjust part of its power of intervening and regulating the national economy to other scales,such as supra-national levels and sub-national levels.This is state rescaling,with the behavior of shifting state power to multiple geographic scales,which is also called of reconfiguration of governance.


This essay discusses the concept and category Sacred Space. To this end, we addressed some questions about the subdiscipline Geography of Religion and its current constitution in Brazil. We demonstrate that the dynamics of this field in the geographical context of Brazil has undergone two different theoretical tendencies, evident in their different designs of sacred space. In this sense, our interest is to validate the Sacred Space category understood as symbolic conformation.


A new type of birefringent modification (oblate nanopores or type X) with high optical transmission (>99%) was recently reported in silica glass using ultrafast laser writing [1] . This enables low-loss geometric phase (GP) flat optical elements with controlled phase shift by birefringence patterning. Here, high damage threshold of type X modification is demonstrated and compared with type II modification (nanograting type).


Abstract A model study of alkaline hydrolysis of β-and γ-heterosubstituted phosphonium salts has been made and used as a synthetic method to obtain diphosphine dioxides affording additional coordination sites in an alkyl chain linked to phosphorus. After synthesis of the corresponding salts, anomalous fragmentations, such as inversion in cleavage selectivity or participation of the reaction solvent, have been pointed out in alkaline hydrolysis of β-functional phosphonium salts. A mechanism is suggested to account for the presence of all compounds detected. In the case of γ-functional phosphonium salts, the alkaline hydrolysis leads only to predicted compounds corresponding to the usual selective cleavage of one phenyl group. The results observed have been used to synthesize symmetric and asymmetric diphosphine dioxides with ether substituted side chains.


In titis work the authors prove tite existence of global solutions for damping nonlinearwave equation u"i- Nf (~A2u~ 2) Aui- if~u' =f 0 ' also prove tite exponential deca>' for tite energy, when0'Ca=l. 2 —


Vaccination remains the most effective public health tool to prevent infectious disease. However, many vaccines remain marginally effective, especially for immune-compromised populations. To enhance vaccine immunogenicity, we exploited the biphasic property of certain synthetic oligopeptides to create a new vaccine delivery method, VacSIM (vaccine self-assembling immune matrix). Vaccine components are easily mixed with the VacSIM solution for injection, after which the peptides self-assemble into hydrated nanofiber gel-matrices, forming a vaccine depot. Thus, we have a non-viral, inert, biodegradable delivery system, not requiring formulation, which we can use to deliver a multitude of vaccines. Analogous to a treat-dispensing dog toy, VacSIM is a carrier for vaccine components, allowing for gradual release, rather than immediate administration. We believe this depot attracts antigen presenting cells, driving enhanced vaccine-specific responses that improve both the quantity and quality of the response. We have tested this delivery platform with live bacterial vectors, inactivated virus and multiple recombinant protein vaccines. Shown here, VacSIM augments vaccine responses to the recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen and recombinant HIV Envelope in 2 strains of mice. Enhancement of vaccine responses by VacSIM administration could represent a fundamental paradigm shift in how vaccines are delivered.


The review and analysis of the Trusted Software Methodology (TSM) by a panel of experts in various areas of computer science, computer security, and engineering are reported. The approach to the conduct of the review is described, and a brief introduction to the TSM is provided. The findings from the review fall into three categories: achievements, desirable additions, and changes. In addition, several recommendations are made with respect to application of the TSM within the purview of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization.


Although modern libraries provide many digital resources such as e-books, databases and online catalogues, their resources are not always the first search choice of students. This might be related to the outdated image that students hold about libraries, an image that does not fit with the needs of the new generation of students who prefer receiving information quickly and rely heavily on technology to access information. Students increasingly rely on smartphones to access online services; these have the benefit that they are always connected, unlike desktops or laptops that usually require a person to be in certain place in order to have access. This suggests that students may be more willing to engage with library services if these are provided through mobile digital library applications; such applications could also help improve the image and role of libraries in the modern educational environment by providing a better match with the technologies that younger people are naturally adopting.


Total ionizing dose effect induced low frequency degradations in 130 nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology are studied by 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The experimental results show that the flicker noise at the front gate is not affected by the radiation since the radiation induced trapped charge in the thin gate oxide can be ignored. However, both the Lorenz spectrum noise, which is related to the linear kink effect (LKE) at the front gate, and the flicker noise at the back gate are sensitive to radiation. The radiation induced trapped charge in shallow trench isolation and the buried oxide can deplete the nearby body region and can activate the traps which reside in the depletion region. These traps act as a GR center and accelerate the consumption of the accumulated holes in the floating body. It results in the attenuation of the LKE and the increase of the Lorenz spectrum noise. Simultaneously, the radiation induced trapped charge in the buried oxide can directly lead to an enhanced flicker noise at the back gate. The trapped charge density in the buried oxide is extracted to increase from 2.21 × 1018 eV−1 cm−3 to 3.59 × 1018 eV−1 cm−3 after irradiation.


The study of the flammable gas explosion in pipeline has great significance. The turbulent model of explosion is founded on the basis of the single-step chemistry reaction. The RNG model is adopted. According to the high rate of reaction and the turbulence phenomena, EBU-Arrehnius combustion model is applied. The governing equations of flow and the reaction equations are solved simultaneously (i.e., coupled together) by the finite volume method (FVM). Process and law of explosion inhibition of flammable gas by inert gas in two-dimension pipe is studied by numerical simulation. The results were well in line with experiment date which can provide theory foundation for process implementation, system design and key parameter calculation of the explosion-proof technology with inert gas.


We investigated the role of the hyperpolarization‐activated mixed cation current, IH, in the control of spontaneous action potential firing of rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons in brain slices. Extracellular recordings revealed that the continual action potential firing of Purkinje neurons was disrupted by the pharmacological blockade of IH. Blockade of IH revealed spontaneous transitions between periods of tonic action potential firing and quiescence, without effects on the frequency or variance of action potential generation. Whole‐cell recordings revealed that blockade of IH unmasked a form of membrane potential bistability, where transitions between tonic firing and quiescent states (separated by ∼20 mV) were evoked by excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, or by the delivery of brief (20 ms) somatic or dendritic positive and negative current pulses. The stable upper state of tonic action potential firing was maintained by the recruitment of axo‐somatic voltage‐activated sodium, but not calcium, channels. Negative modulation of IH by serotonin unmasked bistability, indicating that bistability of Purkinje neurons is likely to occur under physiological conditions. These data indicate that IH acts as a 'safety net', maintaining the membrane potential of Purkinje neurons within the range necessary for the generation of tonic action potential firing. Following the downregulation of IH, synaptic inhibition can generate long periods (seconds) of quiescence, the duration of which can be controlled by climbing fibre activation and by the underlying 'tone' of parallel fibre activity.


In order to determine the weights of attributes and period times in dynamic multiple attribute decision,an ideal point method based on projection pursuit for dynamic multiple attribute decision,named PP-IPM,is presented in this paper.In PP-IPM model,by using the interior information of decision matrix,decision matrices of decision schemes in three dimensions can be synthesized with projection values in one dimension which indicates comprehensive quality of decision schemes,and the decision schemes can be ordered according to the projection value of each scheme.By using real coding based accelerating genetic algorithm developed by the authors,the modeling of PP-IPM can be simplified by the realized process of projection pursuit technique,and can overcome the shortcomings of large computation amount and difficulty of computer programming in traditional projection pursuit methods.The case study shows that applying PP-IPM model driven directly by decision matrix samples data is simple,feasible,general and practical,and PP-IPM model can be applied to many dynamic multiple attribute decision problems.


The invention relates to a device for storing data with a compression coder (14) and / or decoder (22) for storing image data in a compressed or decompressed data format in a data memory (12), wherein the compression coder (14) and having decoder (22) means to produce data segments (36) and to locate. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for storing image data (10) in a compressed or decompressed data format in a data memory (12) of a data storage device having a compression coder (14) and decoder (22) for compressing and decompressing the image data (10), wherein the image data is divided into data segments, wherein said location information (28) of the data segments (36) are stored for localization.


decreased need for others. The tortoise, although not a mammal, provides the perfect example: its extraordinary defensive shell reduces the need to flee or fight to virtually zero. Furthermore, the possibility arises that future gene therapies may have serious untoward consequences (Watson & Andrews, 2002). The genes associated with social defeat may encourage a battered wife to yield to her brutal husband, albeit at the price of chronic depression. Should her relevant genes be deleted by future gene therapy, potential consequences include being killed as a result of not yielding, killing her abuser in retaliation or at least a heightened state of domestic abuse. The potential for such untoward consequences must be considered.


Background and aims – Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is one of the most widespread woody species on the planet. Over recent decades, however, common juniper populations are decreasing in size and number in different regions. Lack of recruitment, caused by extremely low seed viability and the absence of suitable microsites for recruitment, is the key reason for this decline. For successful germination, the seeds need gaps in the existing vegetation and a soil with a relatively high base saturation. The aim of this study was therefore to assess how management actions such as sod cutting, rotavation and liming (alone or in various combinations) influence soil characteristics, seed germination and seedling survival of common juniper. Methods – We installed a sowing experiment across 104 1-m2 plots in four different sites in Belgium and the Netherlands using treatments with different combinations of fencing, sod cutting, rotavation, litter addition and liming. We determined how these treatments affected soil characteristics and how they influenced seed germination and seedling survival. Key results and conclusions – Across the whole experiment, germination rates of juniper seeds were very low (almost always


A repository located at Yucca Mountain at the Nevada Test Site is a potential site for permanent geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste. The repository can be located in a horizon in welded tuff, a volcanic rock, which is above the static water level at this site. The environmental conditions in this unsaturated zone are expected to be air and water vapor dominated for much of the containment period. Type 304L stainless steel is the reference material for fabricating canisters to contain the solid high-level wastes. Alternative stainless alloys are considered because of possible susceptibility of 304L to localized and stress forms of corrosion. For the reprocessed glass wastes, the canisters serve as the recipient for pouring the glass with the result that a sensitized microstructure may develop because of the times at elevated temperatures. Corrosion testing of the reference and alternative materials has begun in tuff-conditioned water and steam environments. 21 references, 8 figures, 8 tables.


Excess airway smooth muscle proliferation may play a role in the pathogenesis of airflow obstruction in patients with asthma and BPD. We therefore studied the activation pathway of MAP kinase, a family of cytosolic serine/threonine kinases which participate in the transduction of mitogenic signals to the cell nucleus, in cultured bovine tracheal myocytes. The major MAP kinase activation pathway appears to involve sequential activation of Ras, Raf-1 and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK); alternative pathways exist, however. Previous experiments in bovine tracheal myocytes suggest that MEK-1 activation is required and sufficient for MAP kinase activation in these cells(Pediatr Res 37: 392A, 1995). To examine the contribution of Raf-1 to growth factor-induced MAP kinase activation, we measured Raf-1 and MAP kinase activities following PDGF and EGF stimulation. Raf-1 activity was assessed by an in vitro phosphorylation assay employing recombinant inactive MEK-1 as a substrate; MAP kinase activity was measured by an in-gel kinase assay using myelin basic protein as a substrate. As expected, treatment with PDGF and EGF increased both Raf-1 and MAP kinase activities. However, pre-treatment with forskolin, an activator of adenyl cyclase which inhibits Raf-1 activation via cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, significantly reduced Raf-1 activity but had no effect on the activation of MAP kinase by either growth factor, suggesting that there is a major Raf-1-independent MEK activation pathway in bovine tracheal myocytes. To identify proteins other than Raf-1 which activate MEK-1, lysates from PDGF and forskolin-treated cells were resolved using a Mono-Q FPLC ion-exchange column and phosphorylation activity for MEK-1 assessed by in vitro phosphorylation assay. Despite the inhibition of Raf-1 by forskolin, significant MEK phosphorylation was observed. Peak phosphorylation activity eluted from the column at 160-170 mM NaCl. Western analyses demonstrated that the observed phosphorylation activity was not attributable to MEKK, Raf-1 or MAP kinase, suggesting that the MEK activator is novel. Supported by HL-02731 and HL-54685.


The objectives of the Nimbus-G mission are to study air pollution, ocean parameters, and weather and climate on a global scale. The observations required to meet these objectives include nadir viewing and scanning, and limb viewing and scaling techniques. Each of these approaches requires that the spacecraft provide a sensor mounting surface that maintains a fixed orientation relative to the nadir and the orbit track and that the orientation of the orbit plane remain constant with respect to the sun for maximum space cooler efficiency. The tradeoffs necessary to satisfy the conflicting instrument payload requirements within the constraints placed on the Nimbus design are discussed, along with the modifications necessary to meet the unique needs of the instrument complement.


Abstract : ;Contents: Mathematical programming; Decision analysis; Stochastic systems; Public systems; Traffic and transportation; Industrial systems; Other applications; Educational activities; Communications and liaison; Administration.


Finite state machines have been used to model a wide variety of systems, including sequential circuits, communication protocols, and other types of reactive systems, i.e., systems that interact with their environment. In testing problems we are given a system, which we may test by providing inputs and observing the outputs produced. The goal is to design test sequences so that we can deduce desired information about the given system under test, such as whether it implements correctly a given specification machine (conformance testing), or whether it satisfies given requirement properties (black-box checking). In this talk we will review some of the theory and algorithms on basic testing problems for systems modeled by different types of finite state machines. Conformance testing of deterministic machines has been investigated for a long time; we will discuss various efficient methods. Testing of nondeterministic and probabilistic machines is related to games with incomplete information and to partially observable Markov decisions processes. The verification of properties for finite state systems with a known structure (i.e., "white box" checking) is known as the model-checking problem, and has been thoroughly studied for many years, yielding a rich theory, algorithms and tools. Black-box checking, i.e., the verification of properties for systems with an unknown structure, combines elements from model checking, conformance testing and learning.


In this brief, considering the dramatically deteriorating convergence behavior of the diffusion gradient-descent total least squares (DGDTLS) algorithm in the error-in-variables (EIV) model containing impulsive noise, a robust diffusion total least mean M-estimate (DTLMM) algorithm is proposed, which incorporates the M-estimate function (MF). The proposed algorithm significantly enhances the robustness of the DGDTLS algorithm in suppressing impulse noise. Under the impulse noise conditions, the mean condition and steady-state mean-square behaviors of the DTLMM algorithm are evaluated in detail. Algorithm simulations under different conditions are executed. The simulation results prove the robustness of the proposed algorithms and the consistency between the theoretical value and the simulated value.


This paper reviews and compares the computational cost of several methods to analytically obtain the natural response of linear time‐invariant (LTI) circuits. In particular, the analysis is focused on three methods: eigensystem‐based procedure, Vandermonde matrix method and Lagrange interpolation formula. The computational cost of repeated solutions, in which only the initial conditions change, is also studied. Finally, the computational cost of the eigensystem‐based approach, the winner of the analytical class of methods, is compared with that of the numerical integration approach for different number of integration steps and scenarios. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


: This article is devoted to the study of characteristics of debt instruments raised by local governments from the capital market. In addition, the article analyzes advantages and disadvantages of debt financing are analyzed. Herewith the municipal budget deficit of municipal bonds has been studied as an essential tool in the independent solution of problems related to subsidies received from the higher budget.


The article describes an experimental method for estimating the true flow stress  at superplastic deformation. Studied changes of the true stress at superplastic deformation in optimally mode the precipitation-hardening alloy of cobalt-nickel-niobium. The microstructure of the alloy according to the extent of superplastic deformation


One is constrained to write simply of Theobald Smith, for he was a simple person, simple in the sense in which one uses this word in connection with Pasteur and Claude Bernard, with Huxley and Haeckel; or in which one applies it to some American contemporaries of Smith himself who have carried the great tradition of the founders of modern biology into our own generation. It is surely not an accident that one can point to so many examples of men, who during this period, achieved great scientific distinction and, at the same time, possessed qualities of character which extended beyond their scientific preoccupations into all their other relations. The writer of these notes has, of course, lived too long among scientists to claim that one can deduce general rectitude from distinguished scientific intelligence. But among the greatest, in whose ranks posterity will give Theobald Smith an unchallenged place-there are so many whose lives were characterized by qualities of unpretentious probity, by almost childlike guilelessness, and by an instinctive integrity of thought and action that one is tempted to attribute their achievements in discovery in part, at least, to these qualities. One saw them in Ehrlich and in Metchnikoff as one sees them in Bordet, Nicolle, C. J. Martin, and F. Gowland Hopkins. For it is true, surely, that without complete intellectual integrity of purpose no problem can be truly resolved. And, for them, such a manner of approach does not represent an act of mental discipline but is the instinctive expression of personality. Theobald Smith was born in Albany, New York, on July 31st, 1859. His father was a German who came to this country shortly before 1850; and though we have no exact record, the time of immigration and the quality of the stock indicate that he was one of those of 1848 who saw in the new land, the prom-


In this work, we study temperature sensing with finite-sized strongly correlated systems exhibiting quantum phase transitions. We use the quantum Fisher information (QFI) approach to quantify the sensitivity in the temperature estimation, and apply a finite-size scaling framework to link this sensitivity to critical exponents of the system around critical points. We numerically calculate the QFI around the critical points for two experimentally-realizable systems: the spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate and the spin-chain Heisenberg XX model in the presence of an external magnetic field. Our results confirm finite-size scaling properties of the QFI. Furthermore, we discuss experimentally-accessible observables that (nearly) saturate the QFI at the critical points for these two systems.


Abstract Most of the student difficulties in learning mathbecause this subject demands students for logical thinking andunderstanding the concepts relate numbers and imajiner. Thisstudy intends to improve students understanding of math conceptsin opportunity topic in order to increase students" learningachievement, and to create a fun learning in math.This study employs the classroom action research in twocycles in IPA X2 in SMAN 5 Muaro Jambi. This study found that:1) the student results learning is increasing, 2) students areactively in learning and highly participate in lerning


With the rapid development of information technology, multimedia network teaching has gradually become a new teaching mode of college physical education. In this paper, the authors analyze the application of data mining in multimedia education and track and field teaching based on network data. The modernization of teaching methods is one of the most important subjects in the teaching reform of physical education, by using computer assisted instruction (CAI) technology in the teaching of physical education, sports education could change from the traditional mode to modernization mode. Through the use of multimedia technology, by using the flexible teaching methods, and the advantages of voice, video and graphic combined; it can make up for the shortcomings of the traditional track and field teaching. The application of multimedia technology can be a good combination to improve students' learning enthusiasm.


Metallic copper is the obvious engineering stabilizing partner for the second-generation coated conductor (CC) wire. The copper shunt on the conductor gives a number of electric, thermal, and mechanical advantages. Nonvacuum deposition of copper by electrochemical plating is now an established CC technology, both single sided as well as surrounded. Cu plating on RABITS Ag/YBCO/Ni5%W and IBAD Ag/YBCO/YSZ/Hastelloy conductors are reported in the applied cell potentials, currents, and Coulombs. The diffusion-limited plating current in copper sulfate and alkaline electrolyte is investigated in view of the largest rate of mass transfer. The electrochemical deposition opens a further window of design and conductor engineering. Beneficial Cu plating with Ag cap layer is performed, and Jc is evaluated. All parameters are transferred into the reel technique to improve the efficiency of copper plating. This paper describes the optimum and merits of Cu shunt parameters in geometry, thickness, and wire robustness.


The purpose of this business plan is to determine the commercial and financial viability of a company dedicated to the production and production of the processed product for salads in the United States. The project arises from the idea of taking advantage of the fruit of a bread that is a natural fruit-vegetable that Ecuador has and is little known. The development of this project will be in the city of Manabi. For the analysis of external environments are used as PEST and PORTER, obtaining through these, the main opportunities and responses that may affect the execution of the project. The analysis of clients was carried out through the execution of qualitative methods such as interviews with experts, interviews with potential clients; and through quantitative methods such as surveys and consumers of American preserves; what is defined as the target market of the clients, so that in this way marketing strategies for the type of consumer are implemented and in this way motivate the client to make the purchase of the product. The organizational structure of the company is fulfilled according to the needs that the company requires for the correct operation of it. The financial analysis of this business plan is profitable with a Net Present Value of $ 54,551.76 and an IRR of 22% for the project and for the investor 46%. With an initial investment of $ 50,000 and stable financial ratios that represent a liquidity and profitability for the company


Migrations, globalization and mobility facilitate the co-existence of different cultures in the same context and because of that our societies are multicultural. The main idea of the project "Cultural diversity in the Primary and Secondary English classroom" is to show the cultural diversity richness of our schools. It is being developed in the English classrooms of some state and private schools in Asturias. The project proposes different activities which promote the knowledge of other cultures and the enhancement of oral communication in English. The main objectives of this project are: -To appreciate the importance of cultural diversity at Primary and Secondary schools. -To use alternative methodologies to improve the teaching-learning process of the English language and as a result, to improve oral communication in that language. -To develop motivational strategies to foster social harmony among students from different cultures. -To promote the use of drama, video production (mobile devices) and some other graphical, artistic or technological resources so as to promote oral communication in English. -To facilitate collaborative teaching strategies to develop motivating activities in the English classroom. This Project activities are inspired by the following principles: -The use of multiple and varied resources: stories, images, videos, texts, songs, nursery rhymes, music, printed photographs, newspapers, encyclopedias, school magazines, scientific magazines, articles, books from libraries, laws and rules. -The use of diverse activities: debates, simulations, oral presentations, role-plays that are based on communicative approaches. -The activities are designed from a cross-curricular point of view, It means that the same activity can involve different areas or subjects. This fact allows teachers to attend students´ diversity and to promote motivation. -The use of different groupings: individual, pair-group, small-group, big-group and to foster cooperative work.


Fluid friction is the resistance to an object's motion through a liquid or gas.To move a given volume of liquid through a pipe requires a specific measure of energy.An
energy or pressure difference must exist to make the liquid to move.A part of that energy is lost to the resistance to flow.This resistance to flow is called head loss because of friction.Fuzzy logic modelling is one of the types of artificial intelligence that can help to calculate and forecast the output of an experiment. Thousands of data can be applied and forecasting can be made based on this data.Hence,saving time and diminish cost in conducting experiment.Fuzzy logic is a mathematical technique that deals with the unspecific data and problems that have many solutions rather than
one.In addition fuzzy logic modelling system offers the potential for a more amenable,less assumption approach to the modelling of real life problems.This research introduces a fuzzy logic modelling in fluid friction in order to forecast the head loss in pipe.A Matlab fuzzy logic toolbox is utilized to help with the fuzzy modelling.The mean absolute error is calculated to compare the forecasting value by fuzzy logic modelling with experimental and theoretical value.The analysis shows that the fuzzy logic modelling approach gives better and closer value to actual values.


1* Superadditive functions have been widely studied [8, 11] for their own sake but have also found important applications in reliability theory, e.g. [6]. However, tests for superadditivity were non existent in the literature until Bruckner's work [3] in 1962. A more constructive (hence more readily applicable) test due to Boas was given in 1964 in a paper by Beckenbach [2] on analytic inequalities, an area where superadditivity is of use (see [2] for a derivation of Whittaker's inequality [12]). Boas' test is here viewed in the light of Bruckner's result, strengthened, and applied to some families of convexo-concave functions as suggested in [2].


Defending microgrids against cyberattacks has been recognized as a significant task in modern energy systems. This paper studies a False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) scenario targeting microgrids, in which the attacker maliciously propagates false data malware in the communication network of a microgrid system, aiming at misleading the microgrid's operation. Firstly, this paper establishes the propagation and attack models for the false data malware; then, the impact of the FDIA is quantified through the formulation of a network-constrained microgrid dispatch model. Based on this, a false data malware propagation-aware game between the attacker and the defender is established and an effective computational approach is developed for solving the proposed game and obtaining the potential Nash equilibrium strategy pair. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to validate the proposed framework.


The Technical committee CN/TC 256/SC1 "Railway Applications- Track" is responsible le for drafting European Standards [EN) on railway track items. German comments on the drafts ale being prepared by the Working Groups of the DIN FSF railway standardization committee Besides industry, railway undertakings, science, labour health in safety organizations, the German Federal Railway Authority Einsenbahn Bundesamt) are involved in the preparation of European Standards. In the field of railway track items there are 51 ENs published and 46 draft standards in preparation. In this article published ENs draft, standards and planned draft standards with their current status are given in a table. Additionally, a short description of the contents of the ENs is provided.


In the mid-1980s bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was recognized as an emerging prion disease of epidemic proportions in the United Kingdom. In April 1996, researchers in the UK announced that they had identified 11 patients with a new form of spongiform encephalopathy, now called variant


Novel types of oomycete fungicides have been designed and prepared. The synthetic approach to these N-sulfonyl amino acid amides is outlined. Bioassays demonstrate their high efficacy against important plant diseases likePhytophthora infestans (tomato and potato late blight) and Plasmopara viticola (grape downy mildew). Structure-activity relationship studies are discussed.


Some results concerning differential relationships between transistor collector currents and the controlling currents in translinear circuits are presented. They are derived by introducing a nullor-diode model of bipolar transistor in the tranconductance matrix description of translinear circuits. Then the jacobian matrix of a circuit represents the influence of the controlling currents of the current sources onto the transistor external collector currents in a differential form. An example illustrates the approach described in the paper.


Background: During active surveillance done by Biswal et al. in 2017, to investigate fungal colonisation and infection in the trauma intensive care unit, several flaws were recorded in patient body wash protocol. Candida auris colonisation was rapidly increasing due to improper body washing. Several patients admitted eventually got colonised with C. auris at different body sites, predominantly in axilla and groin. Aims: To devise a novel and simplified chlorhexidine-based body wash protocol to eradicate bacterial and fungal colonisers. Materials and Methods: A detailed, systematic, standard and practical protocol for body wash depending on the specific work culture and resource availability is required to ensure standard nursing care. Therefore, a simplified chlorhexidine based, step wise body wash protocol to eradicate fungal colonisers which can be implemented and followed in every hospital setting was designed. This new protocol was implemented in the trauma intensive care unit (ICU) for 1 month. Successful implementation of the decolonisation procedure was assessed based on the feedback obtained from the nursing staff. Results: The newly devised chlorhexidine based body wash protocol was successfully able to decolonise C. auris from the body sites such as axilla and groin of ICU patients. Easy and simplified protocol could be followed by nursing staff as well as patient attendants. Nursing staff provided positive feedback in implementing and following the new protocol. Conclusion: The protocol can be easily implemented in any hospital settings with minimum resources. This new protocol can significantly reduce fungal and bacterial colonisation and hospital acquired infections.


The aim of our study was to compare the biodiversity of zooplankton in experimental ponds with various combinations of fertilizers and supplementary fi sh feed. Zooplankton samples were collected twice a month from April to September 2015. Rotifers were the most diverse and the most abundant zooplankton group. The most abundant rotifer species in all the ponds were Anuraeopsis fi ssa, Keratella cochlearis, Keratella tecta, Polyathra sp., and Trichocerca pusilla, while among cladocerans there was Bosmina longirostris. Optimal conditions for developing the Rotifera were found in the experimental ponds with standard fertilization and standard feeding of fi sh. The highest biomass was achieved by zooplankton in the ponds with accelerated fertilization and standard feeding of fi sh.


In recent years, there has appeared mounting sentiment for governmental regulation of the purchase, sale, possession, ownership and use of firearms. This rising clamor has been precipitated and fueled again and again by assassinations and attempted assassinations of national and local leaders, by seemingly uncontrollable increases in the rate of crime, particularly crime of violence, and by attacks by terrorists and other extremist groups. A frequent comment made in the national debate by opponents of gun control legislation is that governmental regulation of the types envisioned would infringe upon the individual's "right to keep and bear arms," which is said to be protected by the Second Amendment to the Federal Constitution. The number of judicial decisions interpreting the right to bear arms has been relatively small. However, those few decisions which have been rendered, as well as the interpretations suggested by the commentators, have unanimously stressed the importance of the historical development of the Second Amendment and the purposes behind its enactment as keys to its meaning. These historical considerations have led the courts and commentators to conclude that the sole purpose of the Second Amendment was to ensure the right of the states to maintain militias in a state of preparedness so as to provide protection against the possibility of an oppressive national government and to avoid the need for standing armies. They have determined that the amendment was not meant to protect an individual right to own and possess firearms except as such ownership and possession relates to the preservation of the state militias. Finally, it is now clear that the Second Amendment operates solely as a restriction on the federal government and that state firearm regulations are therefore restricted only by similar state constitutional provisions. This note will evaluate the conclusions which have been reached pertaining to the scope and meaning of the Second Amendment, as well as examine various state constitutional provisions which affect the right to keep and bear arms.


A kind of simple method of synthesizing nitro compound from terpenoid had been explored through 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-①、3,7-dimethyl-octa-6-enal -②、3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienal-③ and 3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dien-1-ol-④,etc as material.


In this work a non-linear efficiency optimization method for its application to a high efficiency Voltage Controlled Oscillator is presented. The technique is founded on the use of an auxiliary generator and several multi-harmonic loads based on Arbitrarily Width-Modulated Microstrip Lines to ensure the convergence of the optimization process. A 2.5 GHz high efficiency VCO has been designed and synchronized with an external signal. Then, a detailed analysis of the efficiency of all the possible synchronized solutions of the injection locked VCO is presented. Finally, to validate the technique, a prototype has been implemented and experimentally characterized, obtaining a good agreement between the simulated and measured results.


The name and ID number of man are searched in the personnel management. Because the ID number is unique, it has accuracy character for describing man. The old ID number has "2000 year" question,it must be promoted. The ID number promotion with PB and ORACLE for implementation is represented in this paper.


In an attempt to understand the immune response of cats with visceral leishmaniasis, the present study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of interleukins IL4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ by real-time polymerase chain reaction in samples of spleen from cats naturally affected by the disease. For this, three groups of cats were evaluated; the first and second groups composed of six Leishmania-infected cats each, symptomatic and asymptomatic, respectively; and the third composed of six clinically healthy and uninfected cats. In symptomatic cats the mRNA expressions of IL4, IL -10, IL 12 and IFNγ were respectively supressed 2.52, 2.4, 2.3 and 0.57 times compared to the control group. In asymptomatic animals the expression of IL4, IL -10, IL -12 and IFNγ were, respectively, 2.22, 2.15, 2.52 and 1.15 times lower when compared to the control group. Also, a strong correlation was observed between the expressions of IL4 and IL-10 in symptomatic cats; between IFN-γ and IL-10, IL-12 and IL-4 and between IL-12 and IL-10 in asymptomatic cats. The reducion of expression the four cytokines analyzed evidences a small involvement of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in the response to infection by Leishmania spp. in cats, regardless of the clinical status of animals. Key-words: cytokines, feline visceral leishmaniasis, Th1 lymphocytes, Th2 lymphocytes, RT-PCR


Being surrounded by deep culture resource,Chinese indigenous psychology shows a powerful vitality,however,the indigenization lacks of norm development where defect in original research and construction of concepts which hinders the healthy development.Therefore,to pay attention on researching the indigenous culture,critically absorbing the advancement of foreign psychology and the essence of other cultures,and variedly combining the theory discussion and practical problems are the effective ways of achieving the indigenous psychology in China.


The growing demand for ubiquitous wireless communication services requires powerful coding and modulation schemes to counteract the signal degradation in the air interface, preferably without resorting to costly hardware. Previous work has demonstrated that chaos-based coded modulations could be robust in the flat fading channel. This paper illustrates that, as the flat fading channel quality degrades, parallel concatenated chaos-based coded modulations can provide better error performance than non-chaotic counterparts. Therefore, this joint coding and modulation approach may contribute to power saving in common adverse channel conditions. Moreover, it is shown that it is possible to manage its spectral efficiency while keeping its robustness under fading.


The object of the present paper is to derive some properties
of neighborhoods of analytic
functions with negative coefficients in the open unit disk.


Foreword Introduction Development & evaluation of a drug prevention program in Hong Kong Enthusiasm-based or evidence-based charities: Personal reflections School drug testing: A critical review of the literature The project Astro & drug prevention for high-risk youths in Hong Kong Perspective & subjective outcome of the program from the participants Perspective of the social workers in outcome evaluation of a drug prevention program in Hong Kong The qualitative evaluation of the program participants The perspective of the program implementers Evaluation of the Astro program using the Repertory Grid Method Prevalence & psychosocial correlates A longitudinal study of substance use in Hong Kong adolescents Tackling adolescent substance abuse in Hong Kong: Where we should go & should not go? Index.


The process for recovering lead from battery residues used in several Mexican Plants include lead blast furnace and rotary furnaces. The formers are basically fed with recycled batteries together with the necessary additives to produce metallic lead. One of the by-products generated in the blast furnace is a dust mainly formed by lead sulfide. The rotary furnace is used to recover lead from lead batteries, dross from the refining-alloying process and the lead fines produced in the blast furnace. This paper describes thermodynamic analysis made to the rotary furnace process to understand the effect that each component of the system has upon the lead recovery. In order to enhance the process, the influence of iron chips composition and excess coke on slag viscosity is discussed. A computer optimization program has been developed to design the furnace charge based on material and energy balances, together with the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation.


This article advocates a theory of expectation formation that incorporates many of the central motivations of behavioral finance theory while retaining much of the discipline of the rational expectations approach. We provide a framework in which agents, in an asset pricing model, underparameterize their forecasting model in a spirit similar to Hong, Stein, and Yu (2007) and Barberis, Shleifer, and Vishny (1998), except that the parameters of the forecasting model and the choice of predictor are determined jointly in equilibrium. We show that multiple equilibria can exist even if agents choose only models that maximize (risk-adjusted) expected profits. A real-time learning formulation yields endogenous switching between equilibria. We demonstrate that a real-time learning version of the model, calibrated to U.S. stock data, is capable of reproducing regime-switching returns and volatilities, as recently identified by Guidolin and Timmermann (2007). The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com., Oxford University Press.


In this paper, we propose quasi-optimal error estimates, in various norms, for the streamline-upwind Petrov--Galerkin (SUPG) method applied to the linear one-dimensional advection-diffusion problem. We follow the classical argument due to Babuska and Brezzi; therefore, the goal of this work is the proof of the inf-sup and of the continuity conditions for the bilinear stabilized variational form, with respect to suitable norms. These norms are suggested by our previous work [G. Sangalli, Technical report 1221, IAN-CNR, Pavia, Italy, 2001; Numer. Math., to appear], in which we analyze the continuous multidimensional advection-diffusion operator. We obtain these results by means of function space interpolation.


This research discusses persona EMIYA in the anime fate/stay night unlimited blade works by Takahiro Miura. The purpose of this research is to describe the persona of EMIYA's character such as the source, development, and persona transformation experienced by EMIYA. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used the note-taking technique. The theory used is Carl Gustav Jung's personality theory regarding persona archetypes. The results of EMIYA's persona analysis brought destruction upon itself. EMIYA is too busy with his own world, following his own impulses, hopes, desires, and fantasies to realize his ambition, the idealism of the hero of justice. EMIYA also over-identifies with persona, adapts and satisfies the social world such as helping people around him with the idealism of his justice hero persona so that he believes that the image he builds is his true personality which ends in his regrets because reality, destiny slaps, the situation he faces changes.


Obiective To observe the efficacy of rowasa enema on ulcerative colitis.Methods A total of 41 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into the control group(19 patients) and the treatment group(22 patients).The control group was treated with dexamethasone sodiurn,the treatment group was given rowasa enema.The total period of treatment was 2 weeks.Results The total effective rate is 90.1%(treatment group) vs 84.2%(control group).Conclusion Rowasa enema has curative effect on ulcerative colitis.


Introduction 1. Examining the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis in the East Asian Context 2. From the Mountains to the Valleys: Understanding Ethnolinguistic Geography in Southeast Asia 3. The Origin and Dispersal of Agriculture and Human Diaspora in East Asia 4. Recent Discoveries at a Tapenkeng Culture Site in Taiwan: Implications for the Problem of Austronesian Origins 5. The Contribution of Linguistic Palaeontology to the Homeland of Austroasiatic 6. Tibeto-Burman vs. Indo-Chinese: Implications for Population Geneticists, Archaeologists and Prehistorians 7. Kra-dai and Austronesian: Notes on Phonological Correspondences and Vocabulary Distribution 8. The Current Status of Austric: A Review and Evaluation of the Lexical and Morphosyntactic Evidence 9. Sino-Tibetan-Austronesian: An Updated and Improved Argument 10. Tai-Kadai as a Subgroup of Austronesian 11. Proto-East Asian and the Origin and Dispersal of the Languages of East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific 12. The Physical Anthropology of the Pacific, East Asia, and Southeast Asia: A Multivariate Craniometric Analysis 13. Genetic Diversity of Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples: Possible Relationship with Insular Southeast Asia 14. Genetic Analysis of Minority Populations in China and its Implications for Multi-Regional Evolution 15. Comparing Linguistic and Genetic Relationships among East Asian Populations: A Study of the RH and GM Polymorphisms 16. Hla Genetic Diversity and Linguistic Variation in East Asia 17. A Synopsis of Extant Y Chromosome Diversity in East Asia and Oceania


Objective
To evaluate the effect of sodium potassium magnesium calcium and glucose(SPMCG)injection on the internal environment and metabolism of glucose, fat and protein in the patients undergoing craniotomy.

Methods
Forty-four patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiology Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m2, were divided into either lactated Ringer′s solution group(group R)or SPMCG injection group(group S)using a random number table.Before anesthesia induction, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was infused intravenously at 15 ml·kg-1·h-1 for 30 min, followed by iv infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and corresponding volume of crystalloid solution in a ratio of 1∶2 at a rate of 5-10 ml·kg-1·h-1 until the end of surgery.Before fluid infusion(baseline), immediately after the beginning of surgery, at 2 and 4 h after the beginning of surgery, at the end of surgery and at 1 h after surgery, arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis, the pH value and concentrations of base excess, Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ and lactic acid were recorded, and the blood glucose concentration was determined.Before fluid infusion(baseline)and at the end of surgery, venous blood samples were taken for determination of the concentrations of plasma insulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-methylhistidine(3-MH).

Results
No hyperglycemia was found in the two groups.Compared with group R, the Mg2+ concentration was significantly increased, the concentrations of lactic acid and plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-MH were decreased(P 0.05). Compared with the baseline, the blood glucose concentration was significantly increased after fluid infusion in the two groups, the Mg2+ concentration was significantly decreased, and the concentrations of lactic acid and plasma insulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-MH were increased after fluid infusion in group R(P 0.05).

Conclusion
For the patients undergoing craniotomy, SPMCG injection can maintain homeostasis, and the component 1% glucose can inhibit the decomposition of fat and protein without inducing hyperglycemia and glucose metabolic disorders.

Key words:
Fluid therapy; Glucose; Neurosurgical procedures; Homeostasis; Blood glucose; Proteins; Fats


PT. Epsindo Jaya Pratama Prabumulih is a company engaged in the manufacturing and development of Electric Submersible Pump Systems (ESPS) and Horizontal pumping systems (HPS). This equipment is widely used in the oil and gas mining industry both in Indonesia and abroad. The company is also very aware of the importance of quality human resource (HR) services to encourage company development, so it must improve its employee information system to process employee salary calculations based on employee attendance.However, the problem with this in the HR department is that it is still difficult to make employee salary calculation reports, they still use manual calculations for employee salaries, namely inputting them in Microsoft Exel. The purpose of the research is how to design and build an application for calculating employee salaries based on employee presence at PT Epsindo Jaya Pratama Prabumulih Web-Based. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and literature study. The type of data consists of qualitative data and data sources consist of primary and secondary data. The device development method uses the waterfall method. System design tools used are use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams. This application was built using a website with the PHP programming language and MySQL database, and to print reports using a pdf component.


12045 Background: Preservation of functional independence while undergoing treatment is of utmost importance to older adults with cancer, in addition to being associated with healthcare utilization and survival. Yet, such data are not readily available from published clinical trials. We sought to examine functional status trajectories and risk factors associated with functional decline among older adults receiving treatment for GI malignancies. Methods: This study included older adults (≥60y) treated at the UAB GI oncology clinic and enrolled in a prospective Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation (CARE) registry. All patients completed a geriatric assessment (GA) that included an assessment of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Participants were approached for a repeat assessment three months after baseline GA. Change in functional status was classified as one or more points decline or improvement in IADL and/or ADL from baseline to follow up. We measured the proportion with functional decline or improvement and constructed 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using binomial exact methods. We built multivariable logistic regression models to study the impact of baseline predictors on functional decline. Putative risk factors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, cancer type & stage, baseline CARE frailty index, fatigue, pain, malnutrition and CT-based muscle mass indices (Skeletal Muscle Index [SMI] and Skeletal Muscle Density [SMD]) at the time of diagnosis. Results: This study included 184 patients. The median age at first visit was 68y (IQR 64-74); 55% were males, 71% white. Primary cancer diagnoses included colorectal cancer (29%), pancreatic cancer (28%) and other GI cancers (43%); 73% presented with advanced stage disease (III/IV). Most patients were receiving first line therapy (91%), with systemic chemotherapy (95%). The median duration between the baseline and follow up assessment was 109 days (IQR 84-154 days). Overall, 38% (95%CI, 30-45%) experienced a functional decline, whereas functional improvement was seen in 22% (95%CI, 16-29%). In a multivariable analysis, baseline frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; 95%CI, 1.05-5.38; p =0.03) was associated with significantly increased odds of functional decline; a trend towards increased odds was seen for pancreatic cancer (OR = 2.23; 95%CI, 0.90-5.53; p= 0.08; reference group: colorectal cancer). Conclusions: One in three older adults with GI malignancies experienced functional decline while a quarter experienced functional improvement in the first 3 months following treatment. Baseline frailty was associated with higher odds of functional decline. Early identification of such patients may allow targeted interventions to preserve functional independence and optimize quality of life of older adults with cancer.


This paper considers the subject of the applicability of survey research as an essential element for the assessment of the indoor microclimate. The results of the survey research are presented and compared with the experimental results performed in residential buildings.


With the rapid development of highway, highway maintenance and management are on a crucial period. In order to manage pavement of highway from qualitative analysis to quantitative Analysis, computerized technology must be used to make up for shortage of primary management system. Above all the authors analyze factual requirement about highway maintenance and management system, then design the frame and flow chart of highway maintenance system based on COMGIS. The system consists of spatial database and attribute database, they are connected by dynamic segmentation. The system could process pavement condition evaluation and forecast by model, the system will timely and acute give decision information for highway maintenance and management department.


Cervical cancer is cancer that grows in the cells on the cervix. Cervical cancer can be treated using radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of the dose received by the target volume and Organ at Risk (OAR) as well as the isodose curve using 4 directions of radiation field (gantry angle: 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°) and 2 directions of radiation field (gantry angle: 0° and 180°). The data processing step in this research was to do radiation planning (planning) by using 4 directions of radiation field (gantry angle: 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°) and 2 directions of radiation field (gantry angle: 0° and 180°). Then a comparative analysis of the dose value received by the target volume and Organ at Risk (OAR) was carried out. A comparative analysis of the isodose curve was performed by using each of the techniques. The results obtained from this study are the target volume has minimal dose using the box technique compared to the antero posterior-postero anterior technique. For Organ at Risk, namely bladder and rectum, the dose was minimal by using the box technique compared to using the anteroposteriorpostero anterior technique. Meanwhile, the right and left femoral heads received higher doses using the box technique than the antero-posterior-postero anterior technique. And for the isodose curve planning results using the box technique shows a more even distribution of the dose distribution to the entire target volume compared to the antero posterior-postero anterior technique.


The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency and safety of the tranexamic acid in reducing hemmorrhagic complications and transfusion requirements in patients with renal lithiasis treated by percutaneous approach. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive technique used for large kidney stones (]20mm). Urinary sepsis and intra or postoperative bleeding are the very serious complications associated with this type of procedure. Tranexamic acid is used in the treatment of many haemorrhagic conditions. The experience with tranexamic acid in preventing bloodloss during percutaneous nephrolithotomy is very limited. The use tranexamic acid in percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and is associated with reduced blood loss and a lower transfusion rate.


This paper aims at analyzing the state-of-the-art techniques to measure electrical impedance (and, consequently, electrical resistivity) of mortar/concrete elements. Despite the validity of the concept being widely proven in the literature, a clear standard for this measurement is still missing. Different methods are described and discussed, highlighting pros and cons with respect to their performance, reliability, and degree of maturity. Both monitoring and inspection approaches are possible by using electrical resistivity measurements; since electrical resistivity is an important indicator of the health status of mortar/concrete, as it changes whenever phenomena modifying the conductivity of mortar/concrete (e.g., degradation or attacks by external agents) occur, this review aims to serve as a guide for those interested in this type of measurements.


As stated above, this project focused on the presence of microexplosions during the biofuel combustion. Microexplosion often occur in multi-component fuel blends in which the components have large differences in volatility. Initially, the more volatile components quickly burn off the surface of the fuel droplet. Thus, the surface composition is then dominated by the components of lower volatility, and the volatile fuels are trapped within the droplet. As the heating continues, the volatile components begin to superheat and boil, resulting in jets of fuel bursting through the droplet surface. These microexplosions releas many smaller fuel droplets, which exhibit increased atomization and burn rates due to their larger surface areato-volume ratio compared to the original droplet. Therefore, microexplosions are typically beneficial to combustion behavior. Biofuel Blends