Engineering instructors' adoption of active learning has been slow, despite significant evidence supporting its efficacy. Acommon instructor concern is that students will respond negatively. This study measures the relationship between studentresponse to instruction and 1) students' expectations for types of instruction, 2) students' experiences of different types ofinstruction, and 3) instructor strategies for using in-class activities. Student Response to Instructional Practices (StRIP)survey data from 179 students at three U.S. institutions were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression modeling.Significant predictors in the final models of student response were student expectations of active learning lecture andpassive lecture, experiences of group based activities, and instructor strategies for explaining and facilitating activelearning. These empirical results support recommendations in prior literature about best practices for reducing studentresistance and demonstrate that instructors have great power to influence student reactions to active learning andultimately reduce student resistance. There was no evidence in this data set to support the common concern that instructoror course evaluations are negatively affected by adopting active learning strategies.


In this paper, a novel linear-to-circular polarization converter based on meander-line metasurfaces is presented. The proposed metasurfaces is a two-dimensional periodic structure which consists of two metallic layers separated by dielectric substrate. The structure of each unit is meander-line which is printed on the top and bottom metallic layers. By controlling different phase for vertical and horizontal electric field components of incident wave, the phase difference is 90° between two components, after passing through the metasurfaces. The metasurfaces converts the linear polarization wave to circular polarization wave with the bandwidth of 10.5~11.5 GHz. The simulation results show the metasurfaces is valuable for polarization conversion application.


The Vinalopo-Alicante System in the province of Alicante, Spain, is a space characterized for the shortage of hydric resources but a great development of underground waters. These underground waters have allowed the water supply in most of the municipalities of the province and, at the same time, the development of a very advanced agriculture, well known for its efficiency and productivity. In order to alleviate the serious problems caused by an excessive exploitation of the underground water and to restore the former hydric balance, the Hydrologic Plan of the


The advantage of the multicolor banding in situ hybridization (mBAND) technique is not only its ability to identify simultaneously both inter- and intrachromosome exchanges, but also the ability to measure the breakpoint location along the length of the chromosome in a precision that is unmatched with other traditional banding techniques. Breakpoints on specific regions of a chromosome have been known to associate with specific cancers. The breakpoint distribution in cells after low- and high-LET radiation exposures will also provide the data for biophysical modeling of the chromatin structure, as well as the data for the modeling the formation of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. In a series of experiments, we studied low- and high-LET radiation-induced chromosome aberrations using the mBAND technique with chromosome 3 painted in 23 different colored bands. Human epithelial cells (CH1 84B5F5/M10) were exposed in vitro to Cs- 137 rays at both low and high dose rates, secondary neutrons with a broad energy spectrum at a low dose rate and 600 MeV/u Fe ions at a high dose rate. The data of both inter- and intrachromosome aberrations involving the painted chromosome have been reported previously. Here we present data of the location of the chromosome breaks along the length of chromosome 3 in the cells after exposures to each of the four radiation scenarios. In comparison to the expected breakpoint distribution based on the length of the bands, the observed distribution appeared to be non-random for both the low- and high-LET radiations. In particular, hot spots towards both ends of the chromosome were found after low-LET irradiations of either low or high dose rates. For both high-LET radiation types (Fe ions and neutrons), the breakpoint distributions were similar, and were much smoother than that for low-LET radiation. The dependence of the breakpoint distribution on the radiation quality requires further investigations.


This paper presents the dataset developed from an NSF-supported project on reconceptualizing borders through the use of geographical information systems (GIS). After presenting an overview of the 301 contiguous land borders which were remeasured in terms of ease of interaction (opportunity), and salience/importance (willingness), the dataset is used to revisit hypotheses dealing with territory and borders, specifically four hypotheses developed by Brecher and Wilkenfeld (1997) from their International Crisis Behavior (ICB) project. The results support the design and purpose of the GIS project of reconceptualizing borders, which breaks away from the dichotomous characterization of states as contiguous or non-contiguous in order to examine the "nature" of borders. Our results do not fit the expectations of the "standard" adversarial proximity conflict model, and demonstrate that the border reconceptualization presented here can be used to investigate a number of related questions in the study of international politics involving both cooperative processes as well as conflictual ones.


Through the retrospection and reflection of the postsecond world war urban construction,this paper explores the significance of humanistic value in urban design by introducing humanistic philosophy into the concept of urban design,then points out that only by the integration of humanistic value into urban design activities that a livable city and an ideal habitat for humanity can be created.


Defective welds can produce severe operational problems in steel strip manufacturing lines. Therefore, an operator must inspect visually and manually each weld to prevent its breakage during the manufacturing process. When a weld breaks, the line must be stopped during several hours to repair the damages caused by the breakage before the production can be restarted again. Broken welds provoke high economic looses due to the maintenance operations and the lack of production of the line. This paper presents a new approach to detect defective welds of two steel strips. For each weld carried out in the manufacturing line, the system estimates the quality of the current weld comparing welding variables with knowledge acquired from previous welds. The estimation strategy is based on a fuzzySlogic approach. A lowSquality weld will be considered as a defective weld. The measured variables and the estimated result are added to the knowledge base of the detection system.


Hitachi Cambrian meta-tuffs containing spongy parenchyma occur as gravels in the Miyata River and the Ayukawa River. Spongy parenchyma consists of siliceous sphere with several layers and dark matrix. This texture is not like to siliceous oolite, pisolite, and spherulite, but to silicified sponge. Following up the 'Cambrian explosion' , marine biodiversity increased dramatically during the Ordovician, as known as the 'Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event' (GOBE). Estonia in central Batoscandia provides excellently continuous Ordovician sedimentary package for detailed analysis. We are analyzing the drilled core samples of the Middle-Upper Ordovician strata (ca. 150 m-thick) collected from Velise in central Estonia, in order to clarify litho-, bio-, and isotope stratigraphy of C and Sr, and to reveal the cause and processes of the GOBE. We will report on our preliminary results. An asteroid impacted the continental shelf of Mexico 66 Myr ago. Although the resulting ejecta containing asteroidal and terrestrial materials in the stratosphere caused acid rain, darkness, and a mass extinction, the mechanisms of the extinction remain under debate. We demonstrate that the impact caused the ejection of combusted fossil oil into the stratosphere, forming a smoke plume that remained for several years. The absorption of solar radiation by the smoke led to the devastation of plants, causing the extinction of the dinosaurs and some marine invertebrates at the end of the Cretaceous. Combusted organic molecules containing coronene are concentrated in the microspherule-dominated coarse deposits and the superjacent fine layer containing iridium derived from the asteroid in Haiti. The coronene percentage in the completely combusted organic molecules and δ 13 C values in the ejected layers show similar values in the coarse deposits and the iridium layer in the proximal site and also in the iridium layer in a distal site (Spain) for the impact crater, implying that the combusted organic molecules remained in the stratosphere globally for several years. The carbon preference index values of n -alkanes in the coarse ejected layers indicate that the n -alkanes were primarily sourced from oil. The stable carbon isotope ratio values of short-chain n-alkanes in Haiti show devastation of marine life occurred within a year after the impact. The δ 13 C profile of long-chain n -alkane implies devastation of land vegetation by darkness. Therefore, we suggest that these smoke clouds contributed to the mass extinction. It is widely accepted that the Neoproterozoic was a transitional period to modern Earth in terms of oceanic redox condition. Some geological evidences, including carbon and sulfur molybdenum isotopic data, support this idea, and fossils of large multi-cellular animal have been discovered from Neoproterozoic strata throughout the world. In contrast, some of the fossils were discovered from anoxic sediments and iron speciation analyses indicate existences of ferruginous and euxinic conditions in some points.Three Gorges area, South China, is one of the best places to decipher surface environmental changes during the Ediacaran and Cambrian due to the successive deposition on Yangtze platform. Our group conducted on-land drilling at the Three Goregs to collect fresh and continuous rock samples. The age range of the core samples is from the beginning of the Ediacaran to the end of the early Cambrian. I measured molybdenum concentration of the core samples by XRF analysis using glass bead. The result shows that molybdenum concentrations of organic carbon-rich black shale layers deposited at ca. 560 Ma and 525 Ma are up to 800 ppm. Same horizons contain high levels of rhenium, approaching 3 ppm, and TOC, more than 10 %. Abundant pyrites are also included in the black shale, and all of these evidences suggest that euxinic conditions occurred at Three Gorges during these periods. In modern Black Sea, surface layer is oxic but bottom layer is euxinic because of down-welling of organic matter. As referring to this concept, euxinic conditions of Three Gorges area might imply both onset of effective burial of organic material and oxic surface layer around PC/C boundary.


Process for the selective production of the reduced oxygen species superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hy droxyl radicals, wherein oxygen is reduced with NAD(P)H in the presence of an NAD(P)H-dependent, non-autoxidisable diaphorase, of an appropriate autoxi disable redox partner and optionally of an appropriate buffer system. Also, process for the determination of superoxide dis mutase in which a superoxide-yielding reaction is cou pled with two competing superoxide-consuming reac tions, one superoxide-consuming reaction being a con ventional indicator reaction and the other superoxide consuming reaction being the superoxide dismutase reaction, wherein, as superoxide-yielding reaction, there is used the reduction of oxygen with NAD(P)H in the presence of an NAD(P)H-dependent, non-autoxidis able diaphorase, of an autoxidisable one-electron step inducing redox partner with a one-electron redox po tential in the range of from -150 mV to -500 mV and optionally of an appropriate buffer system. Also, process for the determination of NAD(P)H and of NAD(P)H-yielding reactions in which oxygen is re duced to hydrogen peroxide by NAD(P)H and the hydrogen peroxide is determined in knowm manner, wherein the reduction of the oxygen by NAD(P)H is carried out in the presence of an NAD(P)H-dependent, non-autoxidisable diaphorase, of an appropriate two electron redox partner with a two-electron redox poten tial in the range of from 0 mV to 150 mV and of an appropriate buffer system. Also, reagents for carrying out these processes.


This study examines the influence of the awareness and comprehension of taxpayers who have own Tax ID (NPWP) on the willingness to pay income tax. The number of sample in this study consists of 100 taxpayers. This study also uses questionnaires in the data gathering. Validity tests of independent and dependent variables are valid and reliable with Cronbach's Alpha > 0,6. Using regression analysis, this study concludes that there is a significant influence of the awareness to pay taxes and the comprehension of tax regulation on the willingness to pay taxes. Coefficient of determination shows that the models of emplamation power have significantly at 21,8% Keywords: awareness, comprehension of taxpayers


The dielectric properties of glucose solved in pure water as well as in a physiological solution have been measured. The results are considered in the context of noninvasive diabetes control. At least 0.002 percent measurement accuracy is required to achieve the same accuracy as obtained with traditional finger pricking. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1916–1917, 2013


In the period under review attempts to preparing and publishing industry bibliographic and abstract journals. In the 1917 edition coming out was completed in 1886 «The legal bibliography», from 1914, «Bibliographic record» and «Russian messenger of applied entomology», in 1886 the magazine «The scout», etc. Since 1920 began publishing a monthly «Medical journal of the abstract», the preparation of which were involved in leading medical experts of the country. In the same year there was only one issue of «Military bibliographic review» and began publishing the «Posts of scientific and technical papers in the Republic». A genuine breakthrough in the technical bibliography of the country was the work Bureau of Foreign Science and Technology (BINT) and its «Patent index technical literature» the first-born refereed technical journals in the country.


The current strategy for conserving white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes, contained in the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan includes reintroduction to isolated water, free of signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. The purpose of this project was to improve the chances of successful reintroduction of white-clawed crayfish into the River Lathkill in the Peak District National Park and to demonstrate how the method might be applicable to other reintroduction and captive breeding schemes. The method focussed on the habitat requirements of white-clawed crayfish, in particular the need of younger crayfish to conceal themselves from predators. Cages were built which provided juvenile crayfish with hides. The cages were tested in the river and juvenile growth and survival were recorded. Adult crayfish survival was only 50% annually whilst survival of juveniles was much less. Despite this, the habitat within the cages protected crayfish during moult and is thought to have increased their survival rate. The project has provided evidence for development of a successful reintroduction and captive breeding programme for white-clawed crayfish that will enable the conservation strategy to be undertaken more effectively.


In this paper I review various conceptions of logic. I study the scope and the limitations of the dominant conception in at least the first half of the XXth. century. I try to show the limitations of the notion associated with the concept of consequence captured by classical logical formalism, which is related to the program of the foundation of mathematics. Those limitations are pointed out not only with respect to the intuitive notions of logic but also with respect to the different associated disciplines (in particular computer sciences, psychology, cognitive sciences and the theory of argumentation). I argue that the characterization of logic offered by A. Moretti offers a broader and overcoming view of logic.


This paper explores the contribution of biogeotextile mat production to household incomes and farmers' participation in, awareness of and perceptions of the benefits of biogeotextiles for soil and water conservation and agricultural production. Mat production can be a source of additional household income where wage rates are low, raw materials are inexpensive and transportation costs are low. The use of locally available raw materials, which would otherwise be wasted, helps to reduce production costs. To be able to compete with industrial geotextile products on the market and to be economically viable, a cottage-scale industry as a secondary part-time occupation appears to be an appropriate mode of production.


With the prospective study, from June 2004 to June 2012, were compared the results of the influence of tumor position on late diagnosis and treatment of skin melanoma. Respondents were classified according to clinical appearance in 2 equal groups. The first group, group A (32 respondents) consisted of respondents that underwent radical wide excision of the primary tumor at an early stage of the disease. In the second group, group B (32 respondents) were classified respondents with melanoma that underwent radical excision of melanoma at a later stage of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of tumor localization on late diagnosis and treatment of skin melanoma. In 25 respondents (78.1%) who were operated at an early stage, melanoma was located on the face, chest, abdomen and extremities, while in 7 (21.9%) respondents, melanoma was localized on the back. In the group of late operated respondents, melanoma was positioned on the face, chest, abdomen and extremities in 9 (28.1%) respondents, while in 23 (71.9%) respondents, tumor was localized on the back. It has been shown that tumor localization essentially determines the time of visits of respondents for examination. Melanoma on the back remains unnoticed for a long time, i.e. unrecognized changes in lesions compared to lesions of other anatomical regions, which is probably the reason for the bigger waste of time and late diagnosis. Respondents in group B consulted the doctor 4-5 months later, because of melanoma position than the group A, which is proved to be statistically significant. There was found a statistically significant difference in terms of recurrence of the disease. Relapse was observed in group B 3 times higher than in group A. Localization of melanoma significantly affects the outcome of the treatment of the disease. There was a statistically significant difference in survival of respondents in groups, because the mortality rate in group B was almost three times higher.


Background: Cancer treatment in a developing world is quite a challenging affair. In a country like India conventional cancer treatment is beyond the reach of many economically challenged patients. Moreover, due to lack of awareness in public, shortage of oncologists and cancer treatment hospitals majority patients present to a clinic with very advanced incurable disease. As a result many terminal cancer patients with limited conventional treatment options are compelled to try various complementary and alternative therapies like Ayurveda, homeopathy, herbal, traditional or even black magic. Little is known about the clinical efficacy about these therapies on cancer treatment; however, in some instances unexplained prolongation of survival period of terminal cancer patients has been observed with certain herbal medicines. Aim: We followed two terminal patients with incurable advanced cancer treated with herbal medicines. Materials and methods: One of the patients was suffering from multiple myeloma and the other with disseminated rectal cancer. Both these patients had advanced disease, refused conventional treatment and was treated with a herbal composition comprising of herbs, viz. Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Embelica officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, Semecarpus anacardium, and Tinospora cordifolia. Results: The patient suffering from multiple myeloma survived for 19 years and that of rectal cancer survived for 5 years, respectively. Conclusion: In absence of any conventional therapy the prolongation of survival time observed may be attributed to the herbal treatment. Sanjoy Kumar Pal, S Hina Fatima. Prolongation of survival time of incurable terminal cancer patients with herbal medicines. IAIM, 2017; 4(6): 149-156.


Objective To observe the effect of Huahongjiangxiantang on hemorheology and plasma fibrinogen (FIB).Methods 100 patients with hypertension were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group ( n=50) which were treated with Huahongjiangxian-tang,and the control group( n=50)were treated with Aspirin.Hemorheology and plasma fibrin were detected before and after treatment for 8 weeks.Results After 8 weeks treatment,there were significant depressions in whole blood viscosity(low shear rate),RBC deformability index and RBC aggregation index( P<0.01 ),and better than the control group( P <0.05 ).There were significant changes in whole blood viscosity ( high shear rate),plasma viscosity,RBC rigidity index and plasma fibrin ( P < 0.05 ).A number of indicators declined significantly in control group ( P < 0.05 );The rate of platelet aggregation to improve the situation in the control group was better than that of the treatment group,but there was no statistical significance.Conclusion Huahongjiangxiantang can effectively reduce blood viscosity in patients with hypertension and improve the body's red blood cell function and fibrinolysis,benefit to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and reduce the occurrence of thrombotic events.

Key words:
Hypertension; Huahongjiangxian decoction; Hemorheology


We present an accurate ab-initio tight-binding hamiltonian for the transition-metal dichalcogenides, MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , WS 2 , WSe 2 , with a minimal basis (the d orbitals for the metal atoms and p orbitals for the chalcogen atoms) based on a transformation of the Kohn-Sham density function theory (DFT) hamiltonian to a basis of maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWF). The truncated tight-binding hamiltonian (TBH), with only on-site, first and partial second neighbor interactions, including spin-orbit coupling, provides a simple physical picture and the symmetry of the main band-structure features. Interlayer interactions between adjacent layers are modeled by transferable hopping terms between the chalcogen p orbitals. The full-range tight-binding hamiltonian (FTBH) can be reduced to hybrid-orbital k · p effective hamiltonians near the band extrema that captures important low-energy excitations. These ab-initio hamiltonians can serve as the starting point for applications to interacting many-body physics including optical transitions and Berry curvature of bands, of which we give some examples.


An environmentally friendly leaching process for recycling valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is developed. A sol–gel method is utilized to resynthesize LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the leachate. Lactic acid is chosen as a leaching and chelating agent. The leaching efficiency is investigated by determining the contents of metal elements such as Li, Ni, Co, and Mn in the leachate using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The spent cathode materials for the pretreatment process and the regenerated and freshly synthesized materials are examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. The results show that the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn reached 97.7, 98.2, 98.9, and 98.4%, respectively. The optimum conditions are lactic acid concentration of 1.5 mol L–1, solid/liquid ratio of 20 g L–1, leaching temperature of 70 °C, H2O2 content of 0.5 vol %, and reaction time of 20 min. The leaching kinetics of cathode scrap in lactic acid fit well to the A...


[1] In this paper we describe a coupled model of Earth's magnetosphere that consists of the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation, the MIX ionosphere solver and the Rice Convection Model (RCM) and report some results using idealized inputs and model parameters. The algorithmic and physical components of the model are described, including the transfer of magnetic field information and plasma boundary conditions to the RCM and the return of ring current plasma properties to the LFM. Crucial aspects of the coupling include the restriction of RCM to regions where field-line averaged plasma-β≤ 1, the use of a plasmasphere model, and the MIX ionosphere model. Compared to stand-alone MHD, the coupled model produces a substantial increase in ring current pressure and reduction of the magnetic field near the Earth. In the ionosphere, stronger region-1 and region-2 Birkeland currents are seen in the coupled model but with no significant change in the cross polar cap potential drop, while the region-2 currents shielded the low-latitude convection potential. In addition, oscillations in the magnetic field are produced at geosynchronous orbit with the coupled code. The diagnostics of entropy and mass content indicate that these oscillations are associated with low-entropy flow channels moving in from the tail and may be related to bursty bulk flows and bubbles seen in observations. As with most complex numerical models, there is the ongoing challenge of untangling numerical artifacts and physics, and we find that while there is still much room for improvement, the results presented here are encouraging.


This subject is often considered to be less than thrilling, but it is vital all dental team members are up to date with the latest thinking, says Kelly Henderson


MR. MooR is quite right in his Note "Has Lee Finally Caught Zeno?" (MIND, July 1968) that I do not refute Zeno (MIND, October 1965), but he missed the point of my paper: I do not try to refute Zeno. I said " Grant Zeno his way of putting the arguments and his conclusions are inescapable." The arguments show that the assumption that continuity can be analyzed in terms of infinite divisibility leads to unacceptable conclusions. Today, continuity is analysed differently, but the result is not to refute Zeno, it is simply to by-pass him. Again, Moor is quite right in thinking the analysis must start with continuities, but he is quite wrong in thinking that the interpretation of the series 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 . .. as lengths or distances changes anything in the argument. This series, no matter whether interpreted as points or lengths, is denumerable. The elements of a continuum are neither denumerable nor discrete: they are infinite classes each having no last member. Hence, the above series is not a continuum. Dedekind's analysis of continuity is preferred today because it clarifies the relation between rational and irrational numbers (whether they be interpreted algebraically or geometrically as incommensurables) without inadequacy or paradox. I interpret the philosophical " lesson " of this to be: philosophical analysis should also start with a continuum, not with discrete parts. Mr. Van Valen, in his Note " Zeno and Continuity " (MIND, same issue) also seems to think that my purpose was to resolve Zeno's antinomies. He invokes mathematical techniques, but I admitted that " Mathematical techniques are adequate to deal with the situations. . . " They have been since Newton and Leibniz. Van Valen complains that Zeno and much of current philosophical discussion fail to grasp the concept of limit, but the very point at issue is ignored by the concept of limit. What is the justification of substituting the limit for a convergent series because the difference between the two can be made smaller than any pre-assigned quantity? Is this not a ruse to cover saying that if one can make a quantity small enough, he can play that it is not there? (The rules of this game can be stated so as not to lead to logical contradiction.) That two convergent series can be shown to be identical does not answer this question. I do not understand Van Valen's statement that " it is not necessary to invoke the continuum." Zeno did not invoke the continuum, he started with it and showed that it cannot be explained as a summation of discrete parts. My paper added verbiage, but the point was essentially the same.


Whik surgery still remains the treatm~nt of choice f(lr oesophageal epider· moid carcinoma. there was no improvement of the survival rate in the past decades with I K per cent :'i-year actuarial sun• ivai. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of surgery after neoadjuvant radiochcmothera· phy to I) increase the resection rate: 2) improve the actuarial survival rate: :l) increase the disease-free survival tDFS): 4) avoid mutilating surgery. From February 19H7 to September 1997. 55 patients (49 men and six women! with a mean age of 5X·H years (from :lX to 77) received oesophageal resection after neoadjuvant treatment. In eight cases there was a previous history of ENT epidermoid carcinoma. Tumour location was: upper 1/3 n=l9. middle 1/3 n=22. lower 113 n=9 and douhle localization in upper and lower 1/3 n=5. lmpassahle stenosis was observed in 20 cases. Thiny-fivc patients had endosonography. and tumour classification was mainly uT3 n=25 (-15·5 per cent). uT4 n=6 (II per cent) ami uNI n=25 t45·5 per cent). uN2 n=6 (II per centl. the other patients were: uTO 11= I. uTI n=l. uT2 11=-l. uTx 11=3. uNO n=5. uNx n=4. Neoadjuvant treatment induded two courses of chemotherapy 5-Fluorollracil (.1 g/m2/day) and Cisplatyl (25 mg/m~/day) from day I to day 5. and from day 21 to day 26 where half dose of 5FU was given. Radiotheraphy \lias done from day 21 to day 36 giving a total of 36 grays. Full neoadjuvant treatment was pos· sible in 67-3 per cent of cases. radiotherapy was completed in 85·5 per cent, and uneventful course was achieved in 564 per cent. Surgery was performed one month after the end of radiotherapy (at day 6<1). Tumour resectability was 96·4 per cent. onl} two patients had surgical exploration without tumour resection. Complete (curative) resection was achieved in 45 cases (K2 per cent). and in eight cases ( 14·5 per cent) palliative resection was done. Fony-seven patients had gastroplasty and two had colo· plasty. Three ticld lymphadenectomy was done in 3X cases ( 69 per cent) and two tield lymphadenectomy in 15 cases (27 per cent). Operative mor· tality was nil. and hospital mortality was 7·3 per cent. The postoperative course wa~ uneventful in 45·5 per cent of patients. complications that occurred were mainly pulmonary <34·5 per cent) and recurrent nerve palsy (23·6 per cent). Pathological tumour classification (AJCC 19li8) was: Stage 2a n=6, Stage 2b 11=3. Stage 3 n=li ( 14·5 per cent). Stage 4 n=t3 (24 per cent). and in 23 cases t42 per cent) the tumour wa' totally (or almost) ster· ilized (R±). Larynx preservation was achieved in 10 of 12 patients with theorectical indication of total pharyngolaryngo-oesophagectomy. Thc overall actuarial survival rate was 27 per cent and 22 per cent at 4 and 9 years. The DFS wm. 2X per cent and 25 per cent respectively. Sixteen patients died with local or metastastic recurrence, and 19 are living ( 17 are disease free and two with metastasis). In the group R±. the actuarial sur· viva! mte was 53 per cent and 46 per cent at -1 and 9 years, and the DFS was 46 per cent and 47 per cent respectively. Six patients died without recurrence and 12 arc living and disease free. Neoadjuvant treatment 1s well tolerated by almost all patients when carefully selected. It appears that this combination therapy increases tumour resectability. it can allow in some cases laryngeal preservation. Significant improvcment of the actuarial survival rate and DFS is observed in the R± group.


Landform morphology created by combined action of endogenous deformations and exogenous (denudation) processes depends on whether these forces performed concurrently or in succession in this study, different formation scenarios for a tectonic arch composed of heterogenous substrates are analyzed based on kinematic modeling techniques. Following the start of the uplift, a lengthwise zone of softer rocks is being transformed into a gorge with a narrow outlet either in case of tectonic tilt and vertical (block) elevation. V-shaped cross-section is being preserved in the outlet as long as the elevation above base level increases. This scenario is valid for many young alpine regions such as Kopet Dag, Himalaya, etc. After the uplift has been finished, gorges start to widen and become trough-like in cross section, and a progressively widening step starts to form at the base of the arch slope (a pediment). In a block that contains a hard vertical dyke, a gently sloping crest is formed following the uplift start. After the uplift cessation, the crest preserves its form retreating together with the whole arch slope. Slow elevation of an arch containing a hard horizontal layer results in transformation of the upper part of the arch into a small spherical remnant. At the side of the hard layer, a steep cliff forms that passes below into a conical pedestal produced by denudation in softer rocks. In case if the arch contains a softer horizontal layer the surface of the raising block evolves rather to conical than to spherical form.


In the context of digitalization, the issues of determining the legal regulation of matters related to theuse of cryptocurrencies are naturally becoming increasingly relevant. The qualification of cryptocurrencyas an object of civil rights is one of the most important aspects of the legal regime of cryptocurrency. Theneed for high-quality development and registration of the legal regime of cryptocurrency, incorporationof this phenomenon into the legal system of the Russian Federation requires a detailed study of theissues of determining the place of cryptocurrency in the system of civil rights, attributing legal signs ofproperty or property rights to it, or, conversely, postulating and consolidating its fundamental identityand individuality. Analysis of the latest legal initiatives leads us to conclude that the legal regulation isinconsistent and ambiguous. Meanwhile, the courts repeatedly faced the proceedings and resolutions ofissues of cryptocurrency circulation, in particular in contractual disputes and bankruptcy disputes, whichpredetermined a certain judicial community approach to the concept of cryptocurrency and it's qualificationsas an independent object of civil rights


This study focuses on three main groups of organisms: soil invertebrates, biological control agents (BCAs) and pollinators. These groups play key roles in agricultural systems, and have the potential to be used, moved or manipulated for the benefit of agriculture. Soil invertebrates are a key component of agricultural landscapes. They participate in essential soil processes that maintain healthy productive soils in the face of changing environmental conditions. Reducing the diversity of a community of soil invertebrates reduces its beneficial functions and services, with drastic ecological effects such as long-term deterioration of soil fertility and agricultural productive capacity. The introduction of a keystone species may have detrimental or beneficial effects depending on the context. The interaction between soil invertebrates and soil microorganisms is critical: the activities of soil invertebrates regulate microbial activity in soils, and micro-organisms enter into intimate relationships with soil invertebrates to help them degrade highly complex compounds such as cellulose. Different groups of invertebrates provide biological control of crop pests. In many situations, they form the basis of, and tools for, the integrated pest management (IPM) approach. Given that the losses caused by pre- and post-harvest pests can be very substantial, the potential benefits of using invertebrates as BCAs are vast, but as yet only partially tapped. The potential for soil invertebrates to assist in this function is still largely unknown. Pollination services by animals, especially by insects, are among the most widespread and important processes that structure ecological communities in both natural and agricultural landscapes. An estimated 60–90% of the world's flowering plants – including a range of economically important species – depend on insects for pollination. Crop pollination used to be (and often still is) provided by wild pollinators spilling over from natural and semi-natural habitats close to crop fields. This service has generally been free and therefore has received little attention in agricultural management. If wild pollinators are lacking or additional pollination is required, as is the case in many intensive agricultural production systems, farmers in some developed countries can buy or rent managed honeybees or sometimes other species (e.g. bumblebees, alfalfa leafcutter bees and alkali bees). Both options – i.e. use of wild species and managed bees – have recently come under pressure, a development that is sometimes referred to as the 'pollination crisis'. Of the interactions and overlaps between these key groups, that between soil invertebrates and BCAs is the most important, and further research is needed to evaluate the scope and impact of manipulation of the soil ecosystem to conserve or encourage beneficial BCAs.


Robotic assistance or telemanipulation is the latest technological advance in minimally invasive surgery. Its future implementation will depend on the advantages that it can provide over standard laparoscopy or open surgery.


The activities of Marigold (T.erecta) extract on the wound healing of albino Wister rats have been evaluated. Thirty six male and female rats weighing 150-200g were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups (A, B, C, D). The test rats were fed normal rat feed and water ad libitum in addition to oral administration of 1.0ml of the petal extract of marigold. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture of the animals into EDTA bottles for analysis. The initial blood picture of the animals was taken before administration of the extracts to the test rats. Results showed that Tagete erecta extract increased platelet count, white blood cell count (p>0.05) and shortened the bleeding and clotting times. There was a slight increase in haemoglobin concentration and Packed cell volume. This shortening in bleeding and clotting times could be due to presence of certain elements present in the extract. Short running title: Marigold, evaluation, wound healing, platelet count, and bleeding time.


Abstract. Four different team teaching experiences are described with collaborators from a variety of disciplines. The pedagogical differences between the teachers created unique challenges. A description of each collaboration is provided, followed by an analysis of the four experiences. An examination of the challenges that arose are summarized to facilitate planning for teachers who might be considering team teaching.


Nowadays, the "information warfare" is becoming more and more common term within the international relations, as an effective tool of combat involving minimal cost. Since March 2014, several European countries have faced massive propaganda and disinformation campaigns originating in the Russian Federation. The Central European countries are no exception. Disinformation portals, which are being visited at least once or twice a week by up to 34 % of Slovaks, use the concept of Pan-Slavism and the idea of Slavic culture and identity. Statistics prove that many people in the V4 countries do not want to be part either of "the East" nor "the West", many people consider Vladimir Putin more sympathetic than Angela Merkel, and many people also think NATO is no longer relevant to European security. In contrary, they believe Russia should become part of the European security structures.


No species seems to be known in this family outside of the European and North American faunas, and very few species are described. The group was first treated as a subfamily by Newman as early as 1834. The imagoes appear very early in the year, or in February, March and April, deposit their eggs and then disappear, the consequence being that very few are taken and only a few of the commoner forms are known. With more careful collecting early in the season, however, the probabilities are that many more species will be discovered in our fauna. The imagoes of three distinct species of these insect, representing as many genera, have been bred recently from the larvæ by Dr. H. G. Dyar, and we are not only indebted to him for the first authentic life-history of a species in this group, but also for the first scientific description of the larva. His recent discovery of a large undescribed species in the rare genus Pleuroneura was most unexpected.


In Bangladesh, the banking sector has a glorious history of getting engaged themselves in different kinds of social activities which is formally known as CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities). The paper examines the relationship between CSR and profitability of Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd (DBBL) which is the initiator of CSR activities in the banking sector of Bangladesh. The study used annual reports of DBBL for the year 2002 to 2011. Ordinary least square (OLS) model of regression was analyzed using SPSS 16. to assess the impact as well as test the hypothesis of the study whether there is a relationship and the extent of the relationship between the independent variable (corporate social responsibility expenditure) and the dependent variable (profit after tax). Above all, the analysis revealed that 90.7% of the variance of profit after tax of DBBL has been explained by the benefit accrued from corporate social responsibility. The hypothesis that was formulated was tested and the result shows that there is significant positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability in case of DBBL.


A varistor may include a varistor ceramic that includes zinc oxide having a molar percent greater than 90 percent and a set of metal oxides, where the set of metal oxides includes Bi2O3 having a molar fraction between 0.2 and 2.5 percent; Co3O4 having a molar fraction between 0.2 and 1.2 percent; Mn304 having a molar fraction between 0.05 and 0.5 percent; Cr203 having a molar fraction between 0.05 and 0.5 percent; NiO having a molar fraction between 0.5 and 1.5 percent; Sb203 oxide having a molar fraction between 0.05 and 1.5 percent; B2O3 having a molar fraction between O.OO1 to 0.03 percent; and aluminum in the form of an oxide having a molar fraction between 0.001 and 0.05 percent.


e15583Background: Individuals with gastric cancer (GC) are at risk for significant physical, psychological, and financial burden related to their illness and cost of care. This study characterizes ...


Purpose – This study aims to examine the day‐to‐day problems that managers face in trying to be effective and the resources and solutions that they access as a means of dealing with these challenges.Design/methodology/approach – This research summarizes the results of 185 interviews with managers employed at a broad range of levels and employers.Findings – The managers were concerned with managing employee conflict, addressing employee performance and attitude issues, and finding employees who do not present these problems. Helpful advice came from the people around them rather than from print sources. The managers were unlikely to view consultants as sources of help.Research limitations/implications – In identifying relevant teaching from a managerial perspective, this study suggests that curriculum designers pay more attention to teamwork and generic skill sets. Future research should examine the implications of pedagogical approaches on the practice of management, employ a random sample of a larger gro...


A heterojunction-bipolar-transistor (HBT) noise model including the base-impedance effect is presented, which takes into account the base-contact capacitance and ac current crowding effect. The proposed noise model describes well the high-frequency noise characteristics of InGaP/GaAs HBTs in the presence of base-impedance effect. Good agreement is observed between the measured and calculated noise parameters for the different sizes of InGaP/GaAs HBTs. We found that the effect of ac current crowding on noise parameters is more critical than that of base-contact capacitance.


Today we are living in information driven era. In the information age, there are different types of data attributes which are critical. Every organization is looking for a reliable solution so that data of the company is maintained safely and is available & accessible to everyone. For competent management of business process, computerization is must in today's scenario. At SAIL (Steel Authority of India Limited) Satellite Township and at RDCIS (Research and Development Centre for Iron & Steel) office complex, the civil and electrical maintenance activities are outsourced to contract parties, selected through Open Tender Enquiry basis. At SAIL Township, the execution of the jobs is being carried out against the requisitions received from the occupants, and similarly at RDCIS office. The existing problem is that there is no software developed for capturing the records of civil and electrical jobs carried out by the parties and no proper system to account the bill details and recovery details. Timely accounting was not possible, because all the calculations were done manually. In this regard, a project was taken to develop new software for both civil and electrical maintenance management for addressing the above problems and implement the same at SAIL Satellite Township as well as at RDCIS office. The project comprises of database design, application design and development of software for storage and retrieval of the maintenance data through user friendly interfaces. The developed software also has mechanisms to avoid tampering of data. The software has been developed with 3-tier approach. The software tools used are Oracle Designer, Oracle Database and Oracle Developer Suite. The software has been deployed with Oracle Application Server on Windows Operating System. This software has been developed to capture records of civil and electrical maintenance activities carried out at township and RDCIS office premises. The paper discusses about database design, application design and development of software for capturing employee details, annual rate contract details, contractor details, employee quarteroccupancy details, requisition details, taxes & accounting details, procedures for calculating cost details, recovery details etc, various MIS report, Role based access mechanism for securing the data. This paper is based on the challenges faced in the design, development and implementation of Maintenance Management System software for Construction & Maintenance (C&M) department, of RDCIS, SAIL, Ranchi.


there: and it is all in the Book of Proceedings. I shall not write a review of the contents. My readers know what the book contains. My exhortation is to quit letting the book be the only container. Get the contents out and into your head, and into the heads of educators. The book should fill every member of the Conference with pride-and every non-member who is a supervisor with shame. It is the largest yeteach year its already substantial girth increases-but the advance in quality is more marked, even, than the advance in quantity-that is, to those who read it. I suggest again that this book, to be valuable, needs to be read. Overcomey our traditional distaste for a book of proceedings-does that come from the serious and forbidding black binding and solid type-setting? If so, let's print the next one in blue and gold and scatter color all through it-open the book and begin reading, and I predict that you will be interested in spite of yourself, and will repeat with me what I said about last year's volume: "This is the most important publication of the year to those interested in music education."


A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality independently of ulcer etiology (ischemic, neuro-ischemic or neuropathic). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors can partly, but not alone explain this risk increment. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the most commonly used test when diagnosing peripheral vascular disease and is also considered a marker for increased cardiovascular risk. However, ABI do not reflect microvascular dysfunction, a condition often seen in DFU patients. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO 2 ) is considered to better evaluate microvascular function and has in previous studies shown correlations with both wound healing and survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined impact of a low TcPO 2 ( 2 had the worst survival rates, with 3-year mortality of 54%, compared to 42% in those with pathological ABI alone and 21% in those with normal ABI/TcPO 2 . Age did not differ between groups (median 75, 75, 74 years respectively). In conclusion, combining ABI and TCPO 2 in routine assessment could provide additional predictive information when risk stratifying patients with type 2 diabetes and DFU. Disclosure K. Fagher: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. M. Londahl: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Funding Swedish Diabetes Foundation; Skane County Councils Research and Development Foundation; Lund University


In this important book, Judy Shelton, one of America's leading experts on the Soviet economy, demonstrates that rampant inflation and a huge budget deficit, theoretically impossible under Marxism, have ravaged the Soviet economy and are forcing Mikhail Gorbachev into a frenzied search for Western credit. Public and private Western sources are too eager to provide money without understanding exactly what they're financing. Shelton argues that if Western financial aid is to be used to influence Soviet behavior - especially in arms control - the U.S. must fully maximize its present great leverage by co-ordinating and controlling the movement of capital - or dangerously risk American security in the future.


SLEEP paralysis is a disturbance of the process of awakening from sleep in which the conscious sensory phase is followed by a prolonged delay in the ability to move, during which the voluntary muscles are temporarily paralyzed. It is an entity which is not often encountered 1 and for which heretofore there has been no treatment beyond reassurance. For these reasons, the following case report and record of successful treatment with mild insulin hypoglycemia are submitted. This treatment also has implications for a therapeutic approach to other disorders of possible hypothalamic origin. METHOD OF TREATMENT The patient, who was in an overnight fasting state, was given regular insulin intramuscularly at the medical clinic office. The dose was so adjusted as to produce a mild hypoglycemic reaction, as shown by mild sweating, within 1 to 1¼ hours. This reaction was at once counteracted by the ingestion of 12 oz. (360 cc.)


Research on highway congestion during peak hours has been primarily concerned with the optimal congestion tax which internalises the externality costs of congestion. Defining the demand and the costs as functions of the traffic flow, ie, the number of cars passing a particular point on the highway per hour, the optimal congestion tax is determined by the difference between the marginal social cost and the marginal private cost. As the traffic density increases, the speed goes down and beyond a certain level, the flow gradually declines and the cost of travel continues to increase (Fig. la). This backward bending characteristic of the cost function has created certain controversies and confusions concerning the determination of the optimal congestion tax. The objective of the present paper is to clear this confusion and develop an alternative approach for the determination of the optimal congestion tax. The ultimate effect of a congestion tax, if the demand is not perfectly inelastic, is the reduction in total traffic during the period and so a loss in consumer's surplus (1). An alternative way of providing congestion free high-


Nowadays, coal is increasingly being used as an energy source in some countries. This coal-fired generation process, however, has the disadvantage that produces large quantities of coal fly ash. Its characteristics differ depending on the combustion conditions and the coal source. Fineness will influence early compressive strength in cement-based materials. The finer the binding material, the higher the early compressive strength. They can be used to produce high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete, self-compacting concrete (SCC), concrete for marine infrastructures, pervious concrete, roller compacted concrete (RCC) and so on.More than seven hundred samples of coal fly ash were collected from a coal-fired power plant for a period of ten years, and their fineness were characterized by sieving. The average fineness on 45 µm, 63 µm, 90 µm and 200 µm mesh sieves were 22.5%, 15.5%, 9.1% and 2.0%, respectively. Then, most of the coal fly ash particles were lower than 45 µm, i.e., from 15 to 30% were retained on the 45 µm sieve, and from 10 to 20% by mass of coal fly ash particles were retained on a 63 µm sieve. Fineness on a 45 µm sieve is a good indirect indicator of the residues on the 63 µm, 90 µm and 200 µm mesh sieves. Accordingly, it is suggested to broaden the range from ±5% to as high as ±7% regarding the fineness variation requirement. Finally, the tested coal fly ash can be applied as cement constituent.


This paper presents a simple deterministic EOQ with time-dependent partial backlogging. The penalty during stockout arises from lost sales rather than from the usual shortage cost parameter. The model has a unique minimum for a broad class of lost-sales behavior during stockout. The main result is that a special case corresponds to the traditional full backlogging model and provides a means to estimate an imputed shortage cost from readily available data. If management's empirical data suggest that the standard EOQ formulation is not appropriate in a particular situation, then other formulations may be used. Two examples are given, one based on assumptions about aggregate behavior and another based on individual level behavioral assumptions. The optimal solutions of these alternative formulations are in general necessarily different from the standard EOQ solutions, but numerical examples suggest that the cost difference is not large.


The comprehension, retention and production of idiomatic expressions is one of the most difficult areas of the lexicon for second language (L2) learners, even very advanced students, to master. Thi ...


1nunyon, J.L., and R.G. Gilbert. 1993. The concept and need for a phosphorus assessment tool. J. Prod. Agric. 6:483-486. \Hon, D.W., and T.J. Logan. 1983. Chemical processes and transport of phosphorus. p. 65-91. In F.W. Schaller and G.W. Bailey (ed.) \gricultural management and water quality, Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames. Nod, J., J. Dennis, M.E. Dennis, and C. Kuhns. 1992. Phosphorus ontrol in lake watersheds: A technical guide to evaluating new de\elopment. Maine Dep. of Environ. Protection, Augusta. Olsen, SR., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. p. 403-430. In A.L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. Sharpley, AN., L.R. Ahuja, and R.G. Menzel. 1981. The release of soil phosphorus to runoff in relation to the kinetics of desorption. J. Environ. Qual. 10:386-389. Sharpley, A.N., T.C. Daniel, and D.R. Edwards. 1993. Phosphorus movement in the landscape. J. Prod. Agric. 6:492-500. Soil Conservation Service. 1984. Furrow irrigation. Section 15. In National engineering handb. 2nd ed. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC. Wischmeier, W.H., and D.D. Smith. 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning. USDA Handb. no. 537. U.S. Gov . Print. Office, Washington, DC. Zaragoza, C. 1992. Granger drain monitoring project. South Yakima Conserv. Dist., Sunnyside, WA. is


Images of glass product that are captured under poor light usually make defected regions covered by dark pixels because of refraction and scattering brought about by defects on glass. On the other hand, image texture makes it unlikely to effectively identify defects accompanied by some texture by using commonly-used image segmentation and defects extraction algorithms. Watershed segmentation algorithm is proposed in this paper to extract catchment basin where defects characteristics in each image region will be calculated with the twofold application of gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM) and parameters characteristics . Defects will be finally identified using shape operator.


(57) Abstract: The article having both characteristics of the holographic and retroreflective are disclosed. This article is perceived in a normal lighting state, in retroreflective lighting conditions having a holographic layer that is substantially not perceptible to the naked eye, and the retroreflective layer that is perceived by the retroreflective lighting conditions, and means for joining the two layers.


For target localization with radar, time of arrival (TOA), angle of arrival (AOA) and frequency of arrival (FOA) informations can be used in cooperation. In general, TOA information is enough to localize a target. Moreover, if the target velocity should be estimated, the target velocity is able to estimated by using doppler frequency. In this paper, the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) is shown for Multi Input, Multi Output (MIMO) radar with widely separated antennas case. CRB's are compared for different targets and transmitter-receiver configurations.


The culture features of cyber-literature originates in the cultural examination and rewrit-ing of traditional literature.They manifest themselves in:first,both the writer and the receiver are the producer and announcer of the cybertext,both haveequal access to the discourse;second,cyber-literature can shorten the distance between the receiver and the text,which enable the reader to enjoy a more dynamic role and more freedom;and third,cyber-literature transforms the traditional literature to be ap-preciated into the ones to be browsed.Therefore,cyber-literature is the infiltration of cyber-culture into the traditional literature,and is the rewriting of the traditional literature,which embodies the spirit of the web culture and the featuresof aesthetic consciousness of literature as well.


The present invention relates to a power transformer, a synchronous rectifier circuit of the rectifier circuit on the secondary side of the power transformer, wherein the primary side of the power transformer provided having a first portion and a second primary winding having first and second secondary secondary side winding portion, whereby the rectifier circuit providing a first respectively a first and a second MOSFET of the first and second secondary winding portions associated with the first and second part associated with the secondary winding and a second current transformer device, and first and second drive circuits for the first and second MOSFET. According to the invention, each current transformer and the second device generates a first current, which current depends on the respective portion of the secondary winding of the power transformer. Each driver circuit comprises means for receiving a first and second branches of the first and second current transformer by the current generated by the device, such that the first branch comprises a diode sensor and a half period and the The second leg also includes a diode.


Objective To discuss the effect of flash animation in the teaching of Physiology. Methods A total of 252 nursing students enrolling in 2009 were divided into experimental group(n=121) and control group(n=131) according to their classes,the experimental group used the teaching courseware inserting flash animations into PowerPoint,while the control group used the teaching courseware without inserting flash animations into PowerPoint. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the experimental group. Results The mid-term exam score in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.01). Conclusion Inserting flash animations into PowerPoint can improve nursing students' scores in Physiology teaching,and the effect is influenced by the themes,quality and speed of animation file.


Some state variables of a vehicle in running are not easy to measure accurately or cheaply,however these variables are of great significance to chassis control. A nonlinear 3 degree-of-freedom vehicle model including yaw motion,longitudinal motion and side motion is set up,and an information fusion algorithm based on extended Kalman filtering (EKF) theory is established,which gives out a fusion result of vehicle state variables at minimum square error. Fusing a few state variables of vehicles (steering wheel angle,longitudinal acceleration and lateral acceleration),the needed variables of the vehicle (yaw rate and sideslip angle) are procured. Off line simulation is carried out in Matlab/simulink environment by using real vehicle field test data. The algorithm is accurate in estimating longitudinal rate,side slip angle,and especially yaw rate,and shows good performance even in the nonlinear zone of the vehicle. The algorithm is simple and stable,and needs less fusion input,so it is possible to apply it to actual vehicle control.


The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working to improve the information technology (IT) security of networked digital control systems used in industrial applications. This effort is being carried out through the Process Control Security Requirements Forum (PCSRF), an industry group organized under the National Information Assurance Program (NIAP). The PCSRF is working with security professionals to assess the vulnerabilities and establish appropriate strategies for the development of policies to reduce IT security risk within the U.S. process controls industry. The outcome of this work will be the development and dissemination of best practices and ultimately Common Criteria, ISO/IEC 15408 based security specifications that will be used in the procurement, development, and retrofit of industrial control systems. In support of this work this paper addresses the computer control systems used within process control industries, their similarities, and network architectures. A generic set of networking system architectures for industrial process control systems is presented. The vulnerabilities associated with these systems and the IT threats these systems are exposed to are also presented along with a discussion of the Common Criteria and its intended use for these efforts. The current status as well as future efforts of the PCSRF are also discussed. Introduction The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Intelligent Systems Division of the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory is working with the NIST Information Technology Laboratory and the NIST Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory to improve the IT security of networked digital control systems used in industrial applications. This effort is being carried out through the Process Control Security Requirements Forum (PCSRF), an industry group organized under the National Information Assurance Program (NIAP). NIAP is a joint effort between the NIST and the National Security Agency (NSA). As part of the Critical Infrastructure Protection Program, NIST and NSA are working to provide technical support and guidance to industry to improve the Nation's security posture. The outcome of this work will be the development and dissemination of best practices and ultimately security specifications that will be used in the procurement, development, and retrofit of industrial control systems. The Process Control Security Requirements Forum (PCSRF) is a working group comprising representative organizations from the various sectors that make up the U.S. Process Control Industry and the vendors that design, produce, and/or integrate components and systems for the industry. The PCSRF is working with security professionals to assess the vulnerabilities and establish appropriate strategies for the development of policies and countermeasures that the U.S. process controls industry would employ through a combination IT and non-IT mechanisms to reduce residual risk to an acceptable level. The Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation, also known as ISO/IEC 15408. is being used to document the results of this effort in the form of Common Criteria Protection Profile security specifications. Primary focus area of the group to improve the IT security of the computer control systems used in process industries, including electric utilities, petroleum (oil & gas), water, waste, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pulp & paper, and metals & mining with an emphasis on industries considered to be part of the Nation's Critical Infrastructure. This paper discusses the computer control systems used within process control industries, their similarities, and network architectures. A generic set of network system architectures for industrial process control systems is presented. The IT threats these systems are exposed to are also presented along with a discussion of the Common Criteria and its intended use for these efforts. The current status as well as future efforts of the PCSRF are also discussed. Process Control Computer Systems Real-time computer control systems used in process control applications have many characteristics that are different than traditional information processing systems used in business applications. Foremost among these is design for efficiency and time-critical response. Security is generally not a strong design driver and therefore tends to be bypassed in favor of performance. Computing resources (including CPU time and memory) available to perform security functions tend to be veiy limited. Furthermore, the goals of safety and security sometimes conflict in the design and operation of control systems. Commercial equipment and materials are identified, in order to adequately specify certain systems. In no case does such identification imply recommendation of endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the puipose. Digital industrial control systems can be either process-based or discrete-based. Process-based controls [ 1] are used to control a continuous process such as fuel or steam flow in a power plant or petroleum in a refinery. Discrete-based controls (otherwise known as batch controls) control discrete parts manufacturing or "batches" of material in a chemical plant. Both utilize the same types of control systems, sensors, and networks. While efforts of the PCSRF are currently geared toward continuous processing systems, results will likely be applicable to discrete based systems. The key control components of an industrial control system, including the control loop, the human machine interface (HMI), and remote diagnostics and maintenance utilities, are shown in Figure 1. A control loop consists of sensors for measurement, control hardware, process actuators, and communication of measurement variables. Measurement variables are transmitted to the controller from the process sensors. The controller interprets the signals and generates corresponding control signals that it transmits to the process actuators. Process changes result in new sensor signals, identifying the state of the process, to again be transmitted to the controller. The human machine interface allows a control engineer or operator to configure set points, control algorithms and parameters in the controller. The FIMI also provides displays of process status information, including alarms and other means of notifying the operator of malfunctions. Diagnostic and maintenance tools, often made available via modem and Internet enabled interfaces, allow control engineers, operators and vendors to monitor and change controller, actuator, and sensor properties from remote locations. A typical industrial system contains a proliferation of control loops, HMIs and Remote Diagnostics and Maintenance tools built on an array of network protocols. Supervisory level loops and lower level loops operate continuously over the duration of a process at cycle times ranging on the order of minutes to milliseconds. Human Maelvne Interface i h v > Rrsmsta Dcigrmslic-n Jirc V.nir.itnrrrjfl


Although automobile industry does not have the opportunity of improving its performance in a high speed,it can enlarge the scale of assets by going public as a whole,which has been the main model of reorganization in automobile industry.The current status of going public of automobile enterprise group is introduced.Its motives,conditions and models are probed,which will be useful in guiding the reorganization of automobile industry to a certain degree.


Objective:To explore the effects of Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) on the induced osteoblast of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Method: PRP were extracted from autologous venous blood and then dissolved into DMEM medium. BMSCs were cultured with the prepared special medium, and then stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , measured for the amount of osteocalcin in the culture medium. Result:After BMSCs were cultured with the prepared medium,the expressions of ALP and the amount of osteocalcin were increased greatly.Conclusion:The results show PRP can promote BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro.


Aiming at the steering gear machinery in some missiles,and adopting the combined configuration of a small rare earth torque motor and a harmonic drive reducer,the increasing PID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)control system based on the rate character of fractal geometry is designed.This control system has some advantages as follows: considering the change with velocity and small damp of harmonic drive,improving the ability of the control system,adopting the complement between linear model and fractal model,using Short-time Fractal Dimension of the feedback signal to attain the difference between the real angle and the ideal angle,and consulting the change above to modify the output of PID.Experimental shows that the 25°rank-jump response constant of this gear machine system is less than(100 ms),and with(20 Hz) and amplitude of(±1.5°),the frequency response phase delay is less than 20°,and orientation precision is higher than 0.06°.


A Way Through: The life of Rick Farley Nicholas Brown and Susan Boden 2012 NewSouth, Sydney, 352pp, ill., map, ports, 24cm, ISBN 9781921410857 (pbk) The authors Nicholas Brown and Susan Boden, a husband and wife team, collaboratively wrote A Way Through: The life of Rick Farley. Brown's background as a historian is displayed in the strength of historicity and finely grained insight into Rick Farley's contribution, first as head of the Cattlemen's Union and the National Farmers Federation (NFF) and later with Landcare and on reconciliation. The level of detail included drilling down to the level of investigating the series of Collins 3880 notebooks Farley used for his negotiations in his later years. A substantial bibliography provides references for anyone who wishes to further research Farley's achievements Boden is a landscape architect whose passion for the land contributes to the portrayal of the land management work of Farley's later years. Farley's sensitive and skilful contribution to reconciliation with Australia's first peoples and as co-founder of National Landcare is also sensitively captured. The portrayal of Rick Farley is sympathetic and provides an insight into the substantial contributions he has made without indulging in aggrandisement of the man. While the book offers insight into what drove and motivated him, based on testimonials from relatives, friends and colleagues, it avoids the modern trend of probing voyeurism and does not intrude greatly into Farley's personal life. The reader discovers that despite the high profile of Farley's work, he remained a private man, who, drained at the end of a day of tense and sensitive negotiations, was inclined to retire to his hotel room with takeaway food rather than have a meal with the other participants. Professor Mick Dodson said of Farley, 'There was no overt ideology or program--just a drive to find a way through obstacles that, for the pragmatist, stood in the way of a better deal, and, underneath that offended a sense of justice' (p.313). This drive to 'find a way through' is reflected in the title of the biography. When Professor Dodson was asked by the authors if there was a question about Farley that he would want answered, he said, 'I'd like to understand why he devoted so much of his life to my people' (p.313). A picture emerges of Farley as 'reserved but courteous' and someone who would only do what he perceived would benefit him. He demonstrated powers of persuasion and was able to focus on the best possible outcome. Jeff Humphries, a school mate, says of Farley in his school years, 'there was a hardness about him' (p.16). The biography unpacks Farley's growing contribution to, and understanding of, the complex issues that result from interaction between non-Indigenous and Aboriginal Australians. The book is like a 'how to' manual in its description of methods of managing complex negotiations while embodying cultural competence and maintaining distance and integrity. It provides a history of Indigenous land management ownership issues, an example being the divergent standpoints of the Northern Territory pastoralists and the Northern Land Council and Central Land Council over the determination of Aboriginal living areas, which resulted in Farley writing to the minister, Robert Tickner, and informing the shadow minister, Michael Woolridge, of pastoralists concerns. In 1989, while still head of the NFF, Farley, in alliance with Phillip Toyne from the Australian Conservation Foundation, won a commitment from the federal government to establish Landcare Australia. This set the scene for Farley to spend the rest of his life working to balance the needs of farmers, conservationists and Aboriginal peoples. Farley's interests widened as he then went on to negotiate native title. When the Mabo determination was handed down in 1992, dismissing the doctrine of terra nullius, Farley is reported to have said to senior journalists in the press gallery, 'This will be the most significant issue for a decade or even a century' (p. …


The article deals with the linguistic and cultural aspects of the Georgian folk tales based on the translations of Marjory Wardrop. The world of folk tales is the completely different. It has specific features as it is connected with the phraseological units. Our research aims are to show difficulties in translations which existing in the translating process. As it turns out of her translation Wardrop was kept the national colour of Georgian folk tales and at the same time she could keep the original folk tale sense, wisdom and originality. Keywords: folk tales, national colour, prologue and epilogue formulas of folk tales, linguistic and cultural aspects.


This paper describes the reasons, the objectives, the steps, and the results of a new process for integration of fabrics in plastic parts.


Brain metastases from lung cancer (BMLC) are common and represent an aggressive form of disease. Numerous ongoing clinical trials are investigating targeted molecular therapies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which have demonstrated blood-brain-barrier permeability and intracranial activity. However, there is limited real-world efficacy data on second and third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), Afatinib and Osimertinib, for the treatment of BMLC. This study provides a real-world assessment to evaluate the impact of these agents on overall survival (OS) at the population-level.

 This retrospective cohort study queried data from TriNetX, a multi-institutional de-identified database, aggregating data from 90 U.S. healthcare organizations. Three cohorts were established, consisting of patients with BMLC treated with 1) Osimertinib, 2) Afatinib, or 3) Neither Osimertinib nor Afatinib. Cohorts 1 and 3, as well as cohorts 2 and 3, were propensity matched on demographics and comorbidities. Median overall survival (OS) was compared via Kaplan Meier analyses, using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards ratios (HR).

 After matching, we identified 1,990 BMLC patients treated with Osimertinib (cohort 1) and 1,990 treated without Afatinib and Osimertinib (cohort 3). Median OS was 21.2 months and 13.5 months for the two cohorts, respectively (p < 0.0001; HR [95% CI], 0.69 [0.63-0.77]). Furthermore, we identified 685 BMLC patients treated with Afatinib (cohort 2) and 685 treated without Afatinib and Osimertinib (cohort 3) after matching. Median OS was 19.0 months and 11.5 months, respectively (p < 0.0185; HR [95% CI], 0.83 [0.71-0.97]).

 Afatinib and Osimertinib demonstrated a significant survival benefit for patients with BMLC, with comparable, if not better, results to other therapeutic options. These findings suggest strong intracranial efficacy of these agents, while indicating a greater generalizability of the results. Further prospective studies are warranted to better understand their potential role in the BMLC treatment paradigm.


The fashion industry is accountable for labor and environment-related issues. With such issues raised, consumers' social responsibility for environmental and labor issues has become an important factor that shapes the perception of companies. This study investigates the relationship between consumer values, concerns regarding social issues, and willingness to pay a premium for ethical fashion products. This study included two exogenous variables of altruistic value and egocentric value. In the conceptual model, consumers' social responsibility was conceptualized as two constructs of environmental consciousness and labor-issue consciousness. It was then analyzed as mediating variables. Willingness to pay a premium for ethical fashion products was the endogenous variable. Data was collected and analyzed with PLS-SEM from 600 consumers. The assessment of discriminant validity and construct validity using CFA were conducted before analyzing the model. Structural equation modeling results revealed that altruistic value directly influenced environmental consciousness and labor-issue consciousness. However, egocentric value was directly and significantly influenced only by labor-issue consciousness. Both environmental and labor issue consciousness directly influenced customers' willingness to pay a premium, but did not significantly change their willingness to pay a premium. Two-stage serial mediation analysis results indicated that the constructs did not have a significant mediation effect on the exogenous variables (altruistic value and egocentric value) and the endogenous variable (willingness to pay a premium) for ethical fashion products. This study found the influence of consumer's personal values on their willingness to pay a higher price for ethical fashion products.


When a fluid and a solid are in contact, complex and characteristic wave propagation phenomena emerge and their engineering applications are being planned in various areas. This paper presents a method which systematically treats the wave propagation in a fluid and a solid by means of the spatial network method which is a numerical time domain analysis of the wave. In the spatial network method (SNM), the wave field is expressed in terms of an equivalent circuit with one-dimensional transmission lines. Bergeron's method and the circuit theory are applied to the equivalent circuit so that the time domain response is obtained. Here, the flow and viscosity are neglected in the fluid and lossless isotropic solids are treated. Since the waves in a fluid are scalar and those in a solid are vector, their equivalent circuits are different. Their coupling section becomes important. In order that the waves in a solid and a fluid can be treated systematically, a new equivalent circuit for the waves in a fluid is proposed in which particle velocity nodes are added. (SNM) is applied to basic problems so that its characteristics and validity are determined.


It is the most important method that set up complicacy three direction surfaces of Coons surfaces by MasterCAM,the article introduced the method to set up Coons surfaces technique,thereby to exaltation the ability to set up the Coons surfaces.


Theoretical basement of noninvasive conductor design was presented and practical experience of using this devise among 297 patients is estimated. In usual way thin spinal needles demand using thick invasive introducer, which is a factor of additional vertebra traumatization and source of back pain. From angle of classical fundamental physic lows original physic-mathematical model was designed, which reflects all factors reliable of needle deformation at spinal punction. This theoretical basement permit to invent noninvasive conductor which increase needle hardness without excessive vertebra traumatization and back pains.


T POSSIBLE ROLE OF INTERSTELLAR PARTICLES in the determination of the ionization structure of H II regions, the transfer of the Lyman line radiation, and the early stages of stellar contraction have stimulated an investigation of the properties and relative abundance of the scattering particles that exist within the boundaries of a number of bright galactic diffuse nebulae. It is interesting to note that the conclusion reached in reference 1, based on crude observations, was that there does not seem to be any scattered light in the bright H II regions; this conclusion is in contradiction to the results of the study presented herein. Results of the present investigation show that, in general, dust is an important constituent of the diffuse nebulae; that certain anomalies in the gas-to-dust ratio can be explained in a straightforward manner through the interaction of the particles and stellar radiation; and that the anomalies are closely related to the deviations known to exist in the interstellar reddening law. The apparent surface brightnesses in the emission line H/3 and the strengths relative to H/8 of the continuous radiation at optical wavelengths have been investigated in 15 diffuse nebulae by using the methods of photoelectric filter photometry. Of these 15 nebulae, NGC 1976 (ref. 2), NGC 6514, NGC 6523, and NGC 6611 (ref. 3) have been investigated in detail across the apparent surface, enabling us to study the nature and amount of material inside the region of ionized gas. It was seen that almost all the nebulae investigated have a continuum that is stronger than that which is predicted from purely atomic processes; the excess is attributed to light scattered within the nebulae. Figure 1 gives the relevant data for the nebulae observed. The strength of the continuum can be given as an equivalent width relative to H/3 in emission and should be compared with the theoretical value of 1150 A. This measure is in the sense that a smaller equivalent width denotes a stronger continuum and is not affected by the amount of interstellar extinction. The surface brightnesses given are not corrected for the effects of ex-


The article presents a two-tier model of training future teachers for work in out-of school educational institutions based on coaching. Its essence is that at the first level, the future teachers master the theoretical and methodological foundations of coaching both with the help of university teachers and independently, and at the second stage, they, first with the teachers' support and then independently, organize training based on coaching in out-of-school training institutions and thus in the process of working with children develop their professional competencies. For theoretical justification and practical verification of this model effectiveness, a pedagogical experiment was organized at the Carpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. During its conduct, the prognostic tools developed by the authors of this study to determine the level of students' readiness for self-development and the coaching methodology of pedagogical training were tested. Based on the results of the research and the experiment, the effectiveness of the presented model and the feasibility of its use in the work of general educational, out-of-school and higher education institutions are substantiated.


We present a technique of the user interface for analyzing large-scale traffic path data. The research aims to remove blurring of walking by approximating lines, and visually distinguish the amount of similar traffic, by representing the similar traffic as bundles of lines. Our technique firstly quantizes the collection of paths, then categorizes the segmented paths, and finally renders the bundles of the segments. Our implementation also provides graphical user interface (GUI) allowing users to interactively explore the various types of data, so that they can adjust the degree of summarization by controlling parameters on the GUI. The technique can visualize various kinds of path data recorded as chronologically ordered positions which form sequential segments, acquired from movies, sensors, and computer simulations. One of the features of the technique is that it can effectively visualize paths in the place where there are not expressly constructed ways. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique by applying to two types of the path data, where one is acquired by RFID sensors, and the other is extracted from


The design of an Split Ring Resonator (SRR) based sensor is proposed for pisco concentration measurements through the characterization of the permittivity in liquids solutions containing pisco. The design is composed of two SRRs coupled to a loop structure. The principle of detection is based on the submersion of the sensor in pisco solutions with different concentrations. It generates a shift of resonance frequencies which is shown in the return loss response. This change is related to the permittivity of the measured solution. The SRR based sensor is a low cost, high sensitivity and reusable design.


As a part of the business intelligence activities initiated at the University of New Mexico (UNM) in the Office of Institutional Analytics, a need for a data warehouse was established. The goal of the data warehouse is to host data related to students, faculty, staff, finance data and research and make it readily available for the purposes of university analytics. In addition, this data warehouse will be used to generate required reports and help the university better analyze student success activities. In order to build real-time reports, it is essential that the massive amounts of transactional data related to university activities be structured in a way that is optimal for querying and reporting. This transactional data is stored in relational databases in an Operational Data Store (ODS) at UNM. But for reporting purposes, this design currently requires scores of database join operations between relational database views in order to answer even simple questions. Apart from affecting performance, i.e., the time taken to run these reports, development time is also a factor,


Concurrent and sequential dual immunohistochemical labeling methods were used in combination, along with retrograde tracing techniques, to determine the extent to which inhibin < (Iβ), somatostatin‐28 (SS‐28), and enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactivity (IR) might be jointly expressed in neurons centered in the caudal part of the nucleus of the solitary tract )NTS( that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). The results indicate that at least 65% of Iβ‐stained neurons in the NTS also express SS‐28 IR, and at least 33% are ENK‐positive. At least 25% of the Iβ IR population stains positively for all three peptides. A substantial number of cells stained with markers for two, or all three, peptide families, could be retrogradely labeled following tracer deposits centered in the PVH. Prominent Iβ and SS‐28 IR projections from the caudal medulla to the hypothalamus have been described and include a preferential input to oxytocinergic (OT) compartments of the magnocellular neurosecretory system. The present results suggest that these arise in large measure from a common pool of neurons, a subset of which also shows ENK IR. Implications for the control of OT secretion, and for the processing of sensory information through the NTS, are discussed.


Looking through the emergence and development of mathematics,We can find the culture was the essential attribute of mathematics.Mathematical culture was expressed by the static results and dynamic processes of spiritual creation accumulated in our activities in mathematics.Its characters were composed of many aspects,such as highly abstract,logical rigor,extensive application,continuous accumulation,eternal intelligence,aesthetic propulsion,and so on.The educational significance of mathematical culture includes that it widens the students' spiritual space so as to surmount themselves,promotes the formation and development of their cognitive structure as a whole,and educates their quality of scientific culture in mathematics.The new curriculums associated with mathematical culture should construct mathematical culture curriculum system,turn the historical form of the mathematical culture into didactical form,strengthen scientific and cultural accomplishment of the teacher,and highlight the predominant role of mathematical thinking.We must pay great attention to the enlightenment of the childlike innocence in order to make the mathematical culture long-time effective.


Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a remote method to monitor and collect patient's health data using wearable sensors. It is widely recognized that a high level of system security and privacy plays a very vital role in protecting these data when being used by the healthcare Members and during storage to ensure that patient's records are kept safe from intruder's danger. In this project, a healthcare system (HES) framework is designed which collects medical data from WBANs, transmits them through an extensive wireless sensor network infrastructure, and finally, publishes them to wireless personal-area networks via a gateway. By doing so, it provides us with various security and privacy concerns that the e-healthcare environment is facing nowadays, and it also frames some mechanisms to protect it.


Multi-instance multi-label learning (MIML) is a novel learning framework where each sample is represented by multiple instances and associated with multiple class labels. In several learning situations, the multi-instance multi-label RBF neural networks (MIMLRBF) can exploit connections between the instances and the labels of an MIML example directly. However, it is quite often that the numbers of samples in different categories are discrete, i.e., the class distribution is imbalanced. When an MIMLRBF is trained with imbalanced samples, it will produce poor performance for setting the consistent fraction parameter α for all classes. This paper presents an improved approach in learning algorithms used for training MIMLRBF with imbalanced samples. In the first cluster stage, the methodology calculates the initial medoids for each category based on the data density. Afterwards, k-medoids is been invoked to optimize the medoids. The network will take advantage of the well-adjusted units. In the second stage, the weights between the first and second layer are optimized by the singular value decomposition method. The improved approaches could be used in applications with imbalanced samples. Comparing results employing diverse learning strategies shows interesting outcomes as have come out of this paper.


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A few residues (indicated) tie PINCH-1 and Nck-2 together weakly.

QIN/ELSEVIER

Jun Qin (Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH) is the defender of the weak, or at least of weak protein–protein interactions. His work with Julia Vaynberg, Tomohiko Fukuda, Cary Wu (


The present invention first relates to a non-contact seal, in particular a hydrodynamic seal in which two sealing elements (06, 07) rotating. Furthermore, the invention relates to a machine element assembly with each other rotating machine elements (01, 02), which are sealed by the seal of the invention up to today. The first sealing element (06) and the second sealing element (07) are axially adjacent to each other, so that extending therebetween, a sealing gap (13) in the radial direction. At the first sealing element (06) wings (12) for directing a flow in the radial direction in the sealing gap (13) are formed. The second sealing element (07) has a circumferentially formed impingement surface (14) which faces axially adjacent the vanes (12). According to the invention extends the impact surface (14) with a radial direction component and an axial direction component. The wings (12) have an angle of attack in relation to the radial direction.


Lean Manufacturing system has emerged as an important area of research in Indian context. Reduction in lead time helps to improve the productivity. Here the factors affecting the lead time are identified. This study has helped to establish an attempt to develop structural model of variables, important to implement by Ism approach to determine the key factors which affect the lead time. As by this tool, scrap, information delay and long supplier lead time are the key factors. As the scrap and long supplier long lead time can be solved by using proper supplier selection using AHP and TOPSIUS Method. The aim of this paper is to reduce lead time and improve productivity by determining the appropriate supplier providing the most customer satisfaction by delivery product on time.


Objective To observe the efficacy differences of the Scopoloa acutangula extract tablets and Racanisodamine tablets,and provide the experimental basis for Clinical application of Scopoloa acutangula extract tablets.Methods To observe the analgesic,anti-inflammatory,anti-ulcer and cough effects of the Scopoloa acutangula extract tablets and Racanisodamine tablets by the analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antiulcer,antitussive experiments.Results The Scopoloa acutangula extract tablets and Racanisodamine tablets could significantly inhibit the pain response,the inflammatory response,ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and ammonia-induced cough in mice,compared with the control group,there were significant differences(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion The Scopoloa acutangula extract tablets and Racanisodamine tablets have significant analgesic,anti-inflammatory,anti-ulcer and antitussive effects,and the efficacy of Scopoloa acutangula extract tablets are superior to the Racanisodamine tablets.


As an anode material in lithium ion battery,the Sn-Co/C composite electrode materials have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel methods,respectively.The resultant composites were mainly composed of Sn-based oxides,nanometer Sn-Co alloy and carbon.Carbon and Co,acting as buffer materials,can accommodate to the large volume change of active Sn during the discharge-charge process,thus improving the cycling stability.Although charge/discharge curves revealed the excellent cycle performance for samples synthesized by both methods,composites obtained by the sol-gel showed a better dispersion effect of nanoparticles on the carbon matrix and possessed much more improved stable capacity with*624.9 mAh g-1over 100 cycles and that by hydrothermal method only exhibited *299.3 mAh g-1.Therefore,the Sn-Co/C composites obtained by sol-gel synthesis method could be a perfect candidate for anode material of Li-ion storage battery.


A disclosed preparation method for plastic products subjected to water transfer printing comprises the following steps: polishing the surface of a white blank, and cleaning a mold release agent and dust on the surface of the white blank; spraying paint on the polished white-blank surface, and drying; putting a prepared transfer printing film in water, then spraying an activator on the transfer printing film, after the transfer printing film fully expands, slowly dropping the dried white blank at an angle of 30 DEG-45 DEG and pasting on the transfer printing film, so as to preliminarily form a product; shedding a protection film and residual film slag on the surface of the product printed with the transfer printing film; baking water stains on the product surface until the product surface is dry, then spraying with varnish, and baking the varnish on the product surface to dry; and polishing the product surface. The preparation method is capable of performing water transfer printing on plastic products with complex structures, and is good in water transfer printing effect, less in preparation time and high in product qualified rate.