Abstract Elemental composition and solution 13C NMR spectra for six humic acid fractions with different particle sizes (i.e. 3K, 10K, 30K, l00K, 300K, and 500K) which were prepared from a humic acid in an Umbric Andosol by successive gel permeation chromatography were determined. Elemental composition of the particle size fractions clearly differed from one another. Contents of nitrogen and hydrogen increased with the increase of the particle size. Small and middle particle size fractions (3K to l00K) showed low contents of hydrogen and nitrogen corresponding to those in typical Andosol humic acids, while the contents in the large fractions (300K and 500K) were distributed in the ranges of those in the other humic acids. As the particle size increased, the HIC ratio increased whereas the O/H decreased. In the HIC versus OIC diagram, the large particle size fractions (300K and 500K) were observed in the area around humic acids with a low humification degree. Variation of the chemical structural properties ...


Purpose. Construction of new and reconstruction of existing water supply systems, in order to increase water consumption, provides for the search and analysis of water supply new sources and water intake facilities. This issue acquires particular importance when looking for additional power sources for water supply systems with relatively low water consumption. To reduce the load on wastewater treatment plants that process water from open sources, infiltration intakes are used, which take water from underground aquifers. Infiltration water intakes can be vertical and consist of wells united by prefabricated pipelines or horizontal and have an underground horizontal water intake part − a drainage pipe. Therefore, the problem arises of determining the water intake that has the highest productivity under the same local conditions. Methodology. The productivity of water intakes is characterized by the influence of determining factors on the flow rate of water intakes with one-way feeding in a free-flow aquifer. The conditions of the location of the intake parts of the intakes in the aquifer and their sizes were considered as factors of influence. Results. The analysis of the existing methods for determining the productivity of underground infiltration water intake structures, depending on their location, the influence of water supply sources and design features. It has been determined that the greatest impact on the productivity of water intakes is the amount of water level decrease in the aquifer during water withdrawal, that is, the position of the dynamic water level relative to the static one. Also, the distance from the intake structure to the water's edge has a significant impact. Reducing the distance between the wells and the length of the drainage pipe, within the limits of the study conditions, has no effect on the results. As a result of the research, it has been established that, under the adopted hydrogeological and technical conditions, horizontal underground water intakes are distinguished by a large flow rate. Scientific novelty. The analysis of factors influencing the choice of infiltration water intake structures is carried out. The results of determining the productivity of structures under the same initial conditions are shown. Practical value. Using the results of the analysis allows you to most quickly and effectively solve the issues of choosing the option for powering water supply systems. The analysis has identified the most significant factors influencing the productivity of water intakes and makes it possible to vary them to achieve a result.


The Scrimshaw system is an interactive design tool that supports the creation and editing of three-dimensional hierarchically detailed graphical objects. Scrimshaw is based on an object-oriented data model that permits the construction of arbitrary images. Object types are organized in an is-instance-of hierarchy that provides for inheritance. A locality mechanism adds flexibility by permitting minor deviations in typing without the creation of numerous subtypes. The functionality of Scrimshaw is illustrated by an extensive example of its object-editing capabilities.


Triglycerides (TAGs) play an important role in the physiological function of vegetable oils. Camellia oil has a variety of good physiological functions. Therefore, a qualitative and quantitative method for the determination of TAGs in camellia oil by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector/electro spray ionization mass spectrometry was developed. The 16 TAGs that separated were identified and quantified by peak‐area normalization. In addition, the major TAGs in camellia oil were OOO (25.25%), OLO (20.72%), POL (9.23%), OLL (8.22%), and OOP (8.22%). Moreover, the content of oleic acid in camellia oil was 81.74%. Using fingerprint techniques, 15 common peaks in 12 samples were selected as characteristic peaks to evaluate the differences in the composition of camellia oil samples. In addition, the samples were further classified by chemometric methods. It is shown that the camellia oil samples with high similarity from two cities in the main producing areas of Zhejiang province could be further classified according to the planting areas by the combination of chromatographic fingerprints and chemometric methods.


In this paper, an increment-type multi-step predictive and multi-step control algorithm of single-variable systems based on Laguerre function approximate model is presented, and then the stability of this algorithm is analyzed. Additionally, simulation of this algorithm had been done to investigate performance, the results show that the controlling quality of this algorithm is fairly good.


This work aims to determine the key variables that control the development of the Algerian pharmaceutical industry in the long term using structural analysis by MICMAC method. After listing the variables, filling in the matrix of direct influences, and analyzing the indirect potential plan we select the key variables, which are Research and Development, Consumption, innovation, the level of production, production costs, and marketing/sales. We can add other regulatory variables such as human capital, partnership with foreign countries, research costs, prices, and investment.


In order to develop a thermal fatigue life assessment method for high temperature components, out-of-phase thermal fatigue tests were carried out using cylindrical specimens of cobalt-based superalloy HA188 under various temperature ranges. The experiments were conducted in the temperature ranges peaking at 1000°C while starting at 350°C, 760°C and 900°C. A unique testing method was used in which thermal gradients were generated by induction heating for one edge of the specimen and water cooling for the inner and outer surfaces. The results of thermal fatigue test correspond well with the plastic strain range-life data of standard isothermal tests conducted at the peak temperature.


Describes some of the laboratory work in a physical science course that integrates aspects of chemistry, physics, astronomy, and geology.


Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to provide a recommendation to MILOC MG 40 for MILOC engagement with marine mammal mitigation measures, paying regard to the limited resources and special role of MILOC. (Extract from the minutes of the 35th MILOC SG dated 1 November 2004.) The paper does not provide a comprehensive review of the considerable amount of work in progress in this field. It is no more than a brief statement of common understanding of the issues with their potential significance to the MILOC community and an outline of ongoing actions to address the issues. Options and recommendations for MILOC engagement are presented in conclusion.


Silver is commonly used in industry, and its bactericidal properties have also lead to its use for water disinfection purposes. Excess concentrations of silver may damage human health and be toxic to aquatic life. Current methods of silver analysis, in the ppb range, require expensive equipment and careful technique. There is a need for a quick, easy screening method for silver at these levels. The procedure described employs the bromopyrogallol red/1,10-phenanthroline method, described by Dagnall and West (1964), combined with a novel concentration/detection method. At a pH of 7, a ternary complex is formed with two 1,10-phenanthroline molecules binding to each silver ion, and then two of these complexes bind to a bromopyrogallol red molecule. This results in a blue precipitate. The colored precipitate is caught on a 13 μm pore size filter, and the filter is compared to a precalibrated (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ppb) printed color chart for quantification. All the reagents are combined in a single powder that contains both dyes, a buffer, and a masking reagent. The system is easy to use, fast, portable, and all reagents are stable for at least one year making the system ideal for field testing. This method has been evaluated on a variety of tap water, pool & spa water, river water, and sewage effluent samples that have been spiked with known amounts of silver. Some of the river water samples and the sewage effluent required a sulfuric acid digestion, but all samples resulted in good recovery of the spikes and correlated well with numbers generated using AA techniques. Various soil samples that were spiked with 25 ppb Ag resulted in good recoveries that corresponded to the appropriate color spot on the chart. Use of this method as a screening process may help to save time and money by cutting down on the need to do more accurate analysis of all samples.


The  research aims to find out factors of financial performance of local goverment regencies or city in Yogyakarta. Independent variabel are wealth of local goverment, dependence with central goverment, and local goverment expenditures. On the other hand the dependent variable is financial performance of local goverment as measured by the efficiency ratio. Population of this research are local goverment financial report (LKPD) of Yogyakarta period 2010-2014 audited by BPK. The sample are estimate realization report (LRA) all regencies or city and the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hypothesis of this research were examined by using multiple regression in SPSS 16 software. Result of this reearch indicate that wealth of local goverment have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment. Dependence with central goverment have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment. Then, local goverment expenditures also have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota yogyakarta


Various questions of physical or mechanical nature are frequently solved by a variational approach. In many situations, minimizers for the total energy associated with the system are being sought. This energy is represented by an integral functional \[ J(v) = \int_\Omega {g(x,v,Av)dx} \] where v is a vectorial function mapping a bounded open subset $\Omega $ of $\mathbb{R}^n $ into $\mathbb{R}^m $, and A is a differential operator.The goal of this paper is closely related to the study of the elastostatic equilibrium for materials whose constitutive laws are nonlinear. In some realistic situations, the shape of the body, the nature of the deformation, or some symmetric arguments require $\Omega $ to be an annulus or a disc.For example, let B be an isotropic and homogeneous body occupying a reference configuration $\mathcal{R}$ before deformation and $\mathcal{R}'$ after deformation \[ x = \left(x_1 ,x_2 ,x_3 \right) \in \mathcal{R} \to x' = x + u(x) \in \mathcal{R}'\] where $u(x)$ is the displacement funct...


Effects of leaf gall formation by Neothoracaphis yanonis (Hemiptera:Aphididae)on the growthand reproductionof its host plant, Distyliumracemosum(Hamamelidaceae), were studied in a viewpointof sink-sourcerelationship.Gall formationon the leavesof current-yearspring shootsdidnot affectthe productionof lammasshootsin later seasonsof the currentyear and of springshootsin the followingyear.Manygalledleaves abscisedin late May and early June after the gall dehiscedand alates left the galls, but the abscissionof galled leaves appearedunrelatedto the productionof lammasand spring shoots.The leaf gall formationreduced significantlythe productionof fruit and seeds.In particular,the abscission of galled leaves affectedthe seedproductionmore severelythan the fruit


The development and performance of a unique viscous disk air flow displacement device (or VDAFDD) for inducing airflow in confined spaces is described. The development is motivated by electronic cooling, where limitations on space are especially severe and the need exists to circulate air over or through the key components using a compact and efficient device. To induce air motion, array of disks are employed with their axis of rotation perpendicular to the air stream. Results from the most successful prototype, which was developed and tested, prototype 2, are presented for Reynolds numbers up to 671 to illustrate nominal behavior, as well as behavior as a number of different parameters are altered, including the magnitude of exit flow restriction, the air gap above the disks, and the number of disks employed to induce air motion. Also discussed are the effects of disk rotational speed, comparisons with theoretical predictions, and one earlier prototype whose performance is significantly less than that of prototype 2.


In this article we prove a weak invariance principle for a strictly stationary -mixing sequence fXjgj 1, whose truncated variance function L(x) := EX 2 11fjX1j xg is slowly varying at 1 and mixing coecien ts satisfy the logarithmic growth condition: P n 1 1=2 (2 n ) < 1. This will be done under the condition that limn Var( P n=1 ^ Xj)=[ P n=1 Var( ^ Xj)] = 2 exists in (0;1), where ^ Xj = XjIfjXjj jg and 2 nL( n).


It is not difficult to find situations in which the probability of ignition for a given set of conditions varies widely from source to source. There are also some variables that are known to be important to the probability of ignition that have not yet been rigorously quantified. This results in uncertainty in risk‐based studies, limiting the ability of the risk manager to justify spending for appropriate projects that would reduce the probability of ignition as a way of managing risk.


This paper represents the estimation of frequency which is an important power system parameter by several variant of recursive techniques. Estimation of frequency is not new as found in the literature such as Discrete Fourier Transformation, Least Mean Square Technique etc. In this paper we have implemented Recursive least square (RLS) and Extended Least square (ELS) for estimation of frequency. These are well known algorithms for their simplicity in computations and good convergence properties. Such algorithms require three step calculations with estimation of amplitude and phase followed by frequency. They are simple and attractive with the implementation of covariance matrix. Again the choice of covariance matrix is very crucial without which there might be delay in convergence for estimation of power system parameters. At the same time, feasibility of the above algorithms is tested with signal buried with noise. The above work can be extended for real time implementation, which will be immensely helpful for Modern Power System engineers.


An important nuclear parameter of ~(123)Xe,a gaseous radioactive nuclide,is its emission probability of 148.9 keVγ-ray.While it has been estimated,experimental determination of the parameter has not been found from literatures.In this paper,~(123)Xe and its daughter ~(123)I are measured and the activities of ~(123)Xe are obtained through parent-daughter relationship.By calibrating the measurement efficiency of ~(123)Xe,the measured emission probability is 48.64%(1±2.7%).


CMOS is expected to soon meet the end of the Semiconductor Industry Technology Roadmap. This paper investigates the memristor as a post-CMOS component for memory design. The proposed cell requires one transistor and one memristor (i.e. 1T1M); this cell employs novel read and write mechanisms for improved performance. Initially, it is shown that differently from previous designs, the proposed scheme accomplishes a read operation that does not affect the memory state; this cell is assessed with respect to different parameters as related to its design (such as applied write voltage, memristor range and size). It is shown that at array-level, the write operation may still incur in a state change due to voltage degradation. A detailed assessment of the relationship between a linear array size (as dimension of a square memory array) and the cell parameters, is pursued. Moreover, a comparison with a DRAM cell (i.e. 1T1C) in CMOS is pursued; the advantages and disadvantages of DRAM versus memristor based arrays are then presented.


A dolphin was required to discriminate between rippled and nonrippled noise projected by an underwater transducer. Random noise was summed with its delayed replica to produce noise having ripples separated by 1/T Hz in the frequency domain, where T is the delay time. The dolphin detected the cos − rippled stimulus at a correct response level of at least 75% for delays between 15 and 500μs, and the cos + rippled stimulus for delays of 13 to 190 μs. The dolphin's sensitivity to rippled noise was measured by attenuating the delayed replica for different delays. The dolphin was most sensitive for a delay of 100 μs. Its sensitivity at 100 μs was 5 dB better for the cos + than the cos − stimuli. The broadband cos + noise was also filtered in different 1/3 octave bands to determined if the animal's sensitivity to rippled noise was a function of the center frequency of the noise. The dolphin's performance was relatively constant as a function of center frequency. The overall results suggest that dolphins may be a...


In this article the author analyses the content and implementation of the plans of Nazi Germany and its satellites towards the Northern Black Sea Coast during the pre-war period and the occupation period in the years of the Great Patriotic War (1940-1944). The Nazis designed the central part of this region for the primary colonization by German and European settlers, while the eastern part was planned for the economic exploitation. Romania also had plans for the Northern Black Sea. In 1918 this country occupied Bessarabia (in 1940 this region was retrieved to the Soviet Union). In the predatory plans of Romania this region was viewed in two perspectives - Bessarabia as the region considered by Romania as an integral part of the country, and Transnistria as an occupied territory, playing the role of a subject of territorial bargaining with Germany. During World War II Germany and Romania created their occupation zones in the Northern Black Sea. In addition, several other countries also had their plans for the Northern Black Sea. Some areas of this region were occupied by Italian troops. The Italian Consulate in Odessa implemented an active advocacy to prepare the ground for a possible transition of the region under the control of Italy. However, the defeat of the Italian army at Stalingrad nullified the possibility of this country's participation in the redistribution of the Soviet lands. Bulgaria expressed some interest in the Northern Black Sea Coast too. However, although Germany was interested in involving Bulgaria in the war against the Soviet Union, this did not happen. The Turkish government unofficially informed the German government of its claims to the Crimea and other Soviet territories. The Turkish mission visited the occupied Soviet territory, including Crimea. However, after the defeat of Wehrmacht at Stalingrad, Turkey refused to enter the war on Germany's side.


Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) has a crucial role in apoptosis. VDACs are not only expressed in mitochondria but also on plasma membrane. In the present study, we confirmed that VDAC was detected in the neuronal plasma membrane and localized on the neuronal cell surface. By proteomic approach, VDAC was identified as one of membrane targets for 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 (15d-PGJ 2 ), which activated caspase and induced neuronal cell death. The bound of VDAC with 15d-PGJ 2 was detected by pull-down assay. VDAC was partially co-localized with membrane targets of 15d-PGJ 2 , suggesting the partial involvement of VDAC in the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ 2 . To target only plasmalemmal VDAC, but not mitochondrial one, the anti-VDAC antibody was applied without permeabilization. The anti-VDAC antibody significantly attenuated the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ 2 , but not completely. The antibody significantly reduced the 15d-PGJ 2 -activated caspase 3. Thus, we suggested that plasmalemmal VDAC might contribute partially to the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ 2 as one of membrane targets.


In this paper, we extend the 3/2 model for VIX studied by Goard and Mazur and introduce the generalized 3/2 and 1/2 classes of volatility processes. Under these models, we study the pricing of European and American VIX options, and for the latter, we obtain an early exercise premium representation using a free‐boundary approach and local time‐space calculus. The optimal exercise boundary for the volatility is obtained as the unique solution to an integral equation of Volterra type. We also consider a model mixing these two classes and formulate the corresponding optimal stopping problem in terms of the observed factor process. The price of an American VIX call is then represented by an early exercise premium formula. We show the existence of a pair of optimal exercise boundaries for the factor process and characterize them as the unique solution to a system of integral equations.


Background: The public awareness of stroke risk factors and warning signs is very imperative the in the quest to prevent diseases. In Ghana, public awareness of stroke as well as awareness of the effect of stroke is presently borne. The study attempts to examine the public awareness of stroke in Ghana. It also seeks to assess the risk factors associated with stroke.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional with 220 households in the Kumasi suburb. The study used structured questionnaires to ascertain data and logistics regression analyses to classify predicators on the recognition of stroke awareness, risk factors and stroke warning signs.Findings: It was revealed that, headache and numbness were the major stroke warning signs acknowledged and cited by respondent, and the commonest variable (factor) associated with stroke risk factors is ailing to exercise (44%). The findings of the logistic regression model on the predictors of stroke awareness showed that, stroke risk factors (OR=2.27, CI= CI = 1.52-3.71, p < 0.001) and religion (OR=11.66 CI=1.37-161.01), P<0.02) were linked with greater level of stroke risk factors.Conclusions: Though, stroke is seen as the common causes of mortality in Ghana, but our study showed appreciable number of respondents awareness of it risk factors, warnings signs and the fact that it is a topmost killer. This satisfactory was attributed to the sources of information and other imperative factors such as mounting stroke campaign programmes. Therefore, stroke campaign programmes and health education programmes should be rigorously mounted in universities, high schools, colleges so as to create the needed awareness of this killer disease, it risk factors and warning signs.


In order to facilitate the business management of bathhouse, a charging system for bathhouse based on radio frequency ID card is designed, and the design of hardware and software for system is described in detail. In addition, a fast lookup algorithm based on hash table is presented due to the request of real-time data processing during the charging process. This system has these characteristics, such as simple structure, operation convenience, advanced performance price rate, and wide applications.


A method to extend the cutoff wavelength of mid-infrared barrier photodetectors by incorporating self-assembled InSb quantum dots into the active area of the detector is demonstrated. This approach enables the extension of the cutoff wavelength of barrier photodetectors from 4.2 to 6 m, demonstrating infrared response at temperatures up to 225 K.


BACKGROUND
Man has been egotist by nature and from Ancient time man has been endeavouring to bring under power other human beings. With the passage of time and growth of civilization this trend has been increased. Now there are more dangerous ways of violence and torture in use for twisting and turning people around. Inflection of fabricated injuries is one of the ways for fulfilment of his lust. Incidence of fabricated injuries is related with crime rate in any society, and this practice is carried out through out the world. Fabricated Injury is a major problem which forensic expert/causality medical officer face during their duty. Very little literature is available regarding study of fabricated injuries and no authentic criteria has so for been developed for labelling an injury as fabricated one.

METHODOLOGY
The present study is about 130 challenged medico-legal cases in Larkana Division which were studied in special medical board held in the Department of Urology Chandka Medical College Larkana. Out of 130 cases 50 were proved to be fabricated.

RESULTS
The total number of challenged cases was 130, out of these 50 (38.46%) cases were of fabricated injuries. Out of 50 fabricated cases, 46 (92%) were males and 4 (8%) were female, thus the male to female ratio was approximately 11:1. Maximum cases (25) were from Larkana District, 15 cases were from Shikarpur and 10 cases from Jacobabad. The majority of fabricated injuries from Larkana District were nose injuries as out of 25 fabricated injuries from Larkana district 10 were nasal injuries, while from district Jacobabad and Shikarpur there was no nasal fabricated injury.

CONCLUSION
Most of the fabricated injuries are caused on accessible part of the body like arms, legs, abdomen, chest etc. The pattern of fabricated injuries is changing in Larkana District as out of 25 fabricated injuries in this district 10 were nasal injuries while in District Jacobabad and Shikarpur there was no nasal fabricated injury.


Startup conditions for future mirror fusion experiments require a rapidly formed target plasma of ~0.5 coulomb of ions with energy of 50 to 100 keV. Theory suggests that very intense ion-flux emission satisfying these requirements can be extracted from a pulsed ion diode. Developing such sources would be an ideal CTR application of the high-power, single-shot capability of pulsed power technology. Recent experimental results are reviewed in which ~2 kA/cm2 of D+ at ~50 keV was extracted. In the experiment, an intense relativistic electron beam undergoes many transits through a solid but range-thin anode foil. With each transit the electrons lose energy, causing their trajectories to collapse toward the anode surface. In so doing, the increased space charge extracts an intense ion flux from the anode foil IS plasma. Observations are reported on the importance of diode stability. The general agreement between theoretical scaling laws and experimental results is also presented.


The major elements of the study described are: (1) A brief historical background of the transcontinental‐railroad construction era; (2) a summary of arguments which appeared during debates over these railroads; (3) a comparison of two railroads that had opposite financial policies; (4) an assessment of the efficacy of the subsidy policies; and (5) an attempt to relate the experience of the transcontinental‐railroad case to the more general issue of governmental intervention in so‐called engineering projects. A variety of sources including historians, economists, philosophers, political scientists, and popular "literature" is cited. Many of these authors have expressed unfavorable opinions concerning the extent of subsidized railroad construction in the last half of the 19th century and the magnitude of government subsidies involved. A better understanding of long‐term effects of short‐term policy is urged. One justification for the present study is to bring this variety of materials to the attention of en...


Between 2008 and 2017, 'social investment' emerged as the National-led government's 'big idea' in social policy formation. Through a social investment approach, the government sought to harness new technologies in data collection and analytics in order to identify effective solutions to complex social issues while at the same time reducing the future fiscal liability of the state. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders engaged in the social services system in Aotearoa/New Zealand, this article first analyses how the National-led government's social investment differed from past iterations and, second, discusses how social investment has impacted community and voluntary sector organisations involved in the provision of social services. It finds that the process of operationalising social investment ideas exacerbated existing tensions between government funders and community providers of social services and had detrimental impacts on their ability to meet the needs of their clients. Since a new Labour-led government formed in 2017, the focus on social investment has diminished and a new focus on 'social wellbeing' has emerged in its place. However, this article concludes that the change in nomenclature masks the fact that many of the core elements underpinning social investment are likely to be incorporated in new wellbeing initiatives. As such, social investment thinking will remain an influential factor in relation to the social services system in Aotearoa/New Zealand for some time to come.


Li Qing-zhao usually observes the things with the male's taste,and chooses some ideas that have male color in the traditional literature visual fields to enter work.Her work usually permeates the feel of patriotics,which made her work present out the macho color to a certain degree.There is the relation between the gift of her inborn and education environment and ages mental state mechanism and esthetic sense.


Abstract Recovery studies using water samples fortified with 30–350 ng/L of α‐, β‐ γ‐ , and δ‐ hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers using the Kuderna‐Danish evaporators and modified Synder column were carried out. These studies consisted of extraction, concentration and analysis by two operators on five different mixed concentrations of the four isomers with five replicates on three different days. The mean % recoveries (± standard deviation) of 98.02 ± 7.27 for the α‐, 96.61 + 4.88 for the β‐, 96.59 + 5.72 for the γ‐ and 73.89 ± 11.20 for the δ‐isomers were observed. The analysis of variance between concentrations for operator 1 shows that the F ratio is significant for the isomers α‐, γ‐ (p < 0.05). However, in the case of operator 2, there were significant differences between concentrations only in the case of the α‐isomer. It has also been shown that there were significant differences in operator variability for the α‐, γ‐, and δ‐isomers and that operator 2 with minimum experience could obtain consiste...


A new 3D imaging technique combining the advantages of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with those of reduced coherence interferometry is described. Tomographic images (10µm thick) of epithelial cells of the porcine cornea are presented.


Boiler water circulating pump is an important facility for control of circulating boilers.In order to guarantee safety operation of boiler water wall,pressure differential variation at both inlet and outlet of the pump was theoretically and practically studied under various working conditions,based on which countermeasures were proposed to prevent hidden dangers resulted from pressure differential drops.This may serve as a reference for operation optimization of boiler water circulating pumps.


The invention discloses an optical detecting device for detecting blood and urine samples and belongs to the field of optical detection. The optical detecting device comprises a color comparing piece,a sample feeder, a detector and a detecting terminal. Varieties of methods can be utilized at the same time to test blood or urine samples; dual optical paths are designed to avoid stability of utilizing a single method and avoid the defect that results of utilizing detection methods of test paper and the like to detect concentrations are inaccurate in the prior art; a color comparing method or afluorescence method can be chosen and utilized to detect the blood or urine samples. The optical detecting device disclosed by the invention has the advantage of convenience in carrying, so that a patient can measure by self at home and then judge whether go to hospital or not.


On 24 March 2010, the Danish Competition Council adopted a commitment decision, cf. section 16 a of the Danish Competition Act, allowing Bestseller A/S to regain access to price information from…


To resolve heavy-duty trucks side over the boxes, scraping the guardrail and other accidents when driving into the entrance of emergency escape ramp, according to studying on lateral stability of the out-of-control heavy-duty trucks and combining with their mechanical properties, this dissertation analyses the wheelpath's geometric features when the out-of-control heavy-duty trucks rush into the emergency escape ramp from the main road, results a reasonable range to adapt the efflux angle of emergency escape ramp on our mountain expressways, and provides necessary theoretical references for the selection of the efflux angle on mountain roads.


This work uses parallel monolingual corpora for a detailed study of the task of sub-sentential paraphrase acquisition. We argue that the scarcity of this type of resource is compensated by the fact that it is the most suited type for studies on paraphrasing. We propose a large exploration of this task with experiments on two languages with five different acquisition techniques, selected for their complementarity, their combinations, as well as four monolingual corpus types of varying comparability. We report, under all conditions, a significant improvement over all techniques by validating candidate paraphrases using a maximum entropy classifier. An important result of our study is the identification of difficult-to-acquire paraphrase pairs, which are classified and quantified in a bilingual typology.


The literature on lichen planus is large but, except for a very few phases, the entire condition is still open to discussion. The papers by Little and White read before the American Dermatological Association and the discussion which followed included the opinions of many dermatologists on this condition. All agreed as to its typical histologic picture and its usually typical but sometimes multiform clinical manifestations. This multiformity was well demonstrated by Fordyce and MacKee in a series of photographs and in their accompanying discussion. The etiology, symptoms, course and treatment of lichen planus has caused much and diverse comment. Starting with the early writers we find controversy as to whether its cause is microbic or neurotic. Most of these believed in the neurotic etiology though the histologic picture led some to infer it was infective. Lassar claimed to have demonstrated a bacillus in the lymph spaces of the corium, but


The purpose of this research is to know what is the internal factor and external factor of development Kampung Lele, to finding the strategy's alternative and to choose the strategy's priority of development Kampung Lele. The research's basic using qualitatitive descriptive analytical method. The place choosing by purposive in Kampung Lele Kecamatan Sawit Kabupaten Boyolali because Kampung Lele is one of minopolitan's area in Central Java. The method to choose Key Informant is by purposive sampling. They are three key informant, vice chairman of Kampung Lele's farmers group, marketing and vice chairman of Karmina;s group. The technique of collecting data by observation, interview, and documentation. To analize the data for internal and external factor by using IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) and EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrix, to analize alternative strategy by using SWOT matrix and to analize priority strategy by using QSP matrix. The result of this research are there are four alternative strategy, increasing the quality of the service in Kampung Lele, optimilizing and adding facilities, using media social to promote Kampung Lele and improving also having a conection with government or companies. Then analizing the four strategies to take a strategy's priority and it is a optimilizing and adding facilities. Key words : tourism village, Kampung Lele, Lele, Strategy


In previous investigations of the factors influencing visualization of the gastric mucosa (1–3), we have considered the nature of the opaque medium and the constitution of the subject. After developing a procedure for evaluation of the results of attempted visualization in which we had some confidence, we studied the influence of particle size in barium sulfate, the use of organic compounds of iodine rather than barium, and the role of constitutional factors in the subject, including gastric function. It was found that, with barium sulfate, increase of particle size beyond a certain point gave poorer results, but that reduction of particle size below this value conferred no advantage. Great variation occurred from person to person, the constitutional factors showing the best correlation with mucosal demonstration being the volume of the gastric juice and its mucin content. The greater these values the poorer was the visualization. Barium sulfate was found to be more influenced in this way than were the or...


A significant number of studies in recent years have demonstrated that earthquakes in the lower crust are more abundant than previously thought. Specifically in continental collision zones, earthquakes are suggested to play a crucial role in permitting fluid infiltration and driving metamorphic transformation processes in crustal portions that are typically considered dry and metastable. However, the mechanisms that trigger brittle failure in the lower crust remain debated and the sequence of events that ultimately lead to seismic slip is unclear. To further understand this process we performed field and microstructural observations on an amphibolite facies fault (0.9-1 GPa) in granulite facies anorthosite from the Bergen Arcs, Western Norway. The fault preserves an exceptional record of brittle deformation and frictional melting that allows us to constrain the temporal sequence of deformation events. Most notably, the fault is flanked on one side by a damage zone where wall rock minerals are fragmented with little to no shear strain (pulverization). The fault core consists of a zoned pseudotachylyte bound on both sides by fine-grained cataclasites. Spatial relationships between these structures reveal that asymmetric pulverization of the wall rock and comminution preceded the seismic slip required to produce melting. These observations are consistent with the propagation of a dynamic shear rupture. Our study implies that high differential stress levels may exist within the dry lower crust of orogens, causing brittle faulting and earthquakes in a portion of the crust that has long been assumed to be characterized by ductile deformation.


A new GK-type static mixing elements was presented.The hydrodynamics and enhanced heat-transfer performance of GK-type static mixing elements was investigated in the Re range of 4 000 to 20 000 using air as a experimental medium.It was compared with Kenics elements.The results in the experimental range show that GK-type static mixing elements's film coefficient of heat transfer was about 0.861~0.990 times than that of Kenics elements,but the fluid resistance was about 0.475~0.486 times than that of Kenics elements.The Comprehensive performance of GK-type static mixing elements is superior to that of Kenics static mixing elements.


This study attempted to evaluate an academic writing textbook used in English Education Study Program of Language and Art Education Faculty of IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia. The fourth edition of a book entitled ―Writing Academic English‖ written by Oshima and Hogue was critically evaluated based on two major points, namely general attributes of the textbook and the learning-teaching contents of the textbook. The general attributes of the textbook cover the book in relation to syllabus and curriculum, the methodology, the book's suitability to learners, physical and utilitarian attributes, and efficient outlay of supplementary materials; and the learning-teaching content of the textbook covers general elements (move of the tasks, tasks' objectives, etc.), academic writing (specified on research paper writing), vocabulary, grammar, and exercises. The questionnaires developed to evaluate the textbook were adapted from textbook evaluation checklist developed by Mukundan, Nimehchisalem, and Hajimohammadi (2011). The results indicate that the lecturers and students were not really satisfied with the book since it does not represent the students' needs and curriculum (the curriculum of English Education Study Program of IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro mandated to teach research paper writing for Writing IV course). The materials provided there are not specified to research paper writing. However, the textbook is very good in some points such as the methodology, physical and utilitarian attributes, layout of the book, general elements (move of the tasks, tasks' objectives, etc.), academic writing (from paragraph writing to various essays writing), vocabulary, grammar, and exercises in the area.


The study of kimberlite rocks is important as they provide critical information regarding the composition and dynamics of the continental mantle and are the principal source of diamonds. Despite many decades of research, the original compositions of kimberlite melts, which are thought to be derived from depths > 150 km, remain highly debatable due to processes that can significantly modify their composition during ascent and emplacement. Snapshots of the kimberlite‐related melts were entrapped as secondary melt inclusions hosted in olivine from sheared peridotite xenoliths from the Udachnaya‐East pipe (Siberian craton). These xenoliths originated from 180‐ to 220‐km depth and are among the deepest derived samples of mantle rocks exposed at the surface. The crystallised melt inclusions contain diverse daughter mineral assemblages (>30 mineral species), which are dominated by alkali‐rich carbonates, sulfates, and chlorides. The presence of aragonite as a daughter mineral suggests a high‐pressure origin for these inclusions. Raman‐mapping studies of unexposed inclusions show that they are dominated by carbonates (>65 vol.%), whereas silicates are subordinate (<13 vol.%). This indicates that the parental melt for the inclusions was carbonatitic. The key chemical features of this melt are very high contents of alkalis, carbon dioxide, chlorine, and sulfur and extremely low silica and water. Alkali‐carbonate melts entrapped in xenolith minerals likely represent snapshots of the primitive kimberlite melt. This composition is in contrast with the generally accepted notion that kimberlites originated as ultramafic silicate water‐rich melts. Experimental studies revealed that alkali‐carbonate melts are a very suitable diamond‐forming media. Therefore, our findings support the idea that some diamonds and kimberlite magmatism may be genetically related.


You were appointed as Chairman of the FTC in April 2008. However, the FTC is a well-known administration for you. Indeed, from 1979 to 1983, you served as a staff attorney and as an advisor to…


Regional flood frequency analysis is still an important area of hydrology research as there are many ungauged catchments. The majority of hydrological methods in regional flood frequency analysis involve complex non‐linear relationships between predictor variables and flood characteristics. In the past, dimensionality reduction techniques based on linear methods such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were used in regional flood frequency analysis to delineate hydrological clusters. Non‐linear dimensionality reduction techniques, such as KCCA and multidimensional scaling (MDS), have been used in several fields of science, but not explicitly in regional flood frequency analysis. To determine hydrologically similar clusters, the approaches considered in this article use CCA, KCCA, and MDS as dimensionality reduction techniques in conjunction with Gaussian mixture models (GMM). Log‐linear regression and generalized additive models are then applied to the hydrological clusters to evaluate regional flood frequency analysis. A comparison of linear and non‐linear (NL) methods is performed using data from Victoria, Australia, to demonstrate the benefit of these methods. It has been found that the non‐linear frameworks of multi‐dimensional scaling with Gaussian mixture model‐non‐linear (MDSGMM‐NL) and KCCA with Gaussian mixture model‐non‐linear (KCCAGMM‐NL), as well as the mixed frameworks (i.e. KCCA and Gaussian mixture model‐non‐linear [CCAGMM‐NL]), can be used to represent the non‐linear complexities of hydrological processes in regional flood frequency analysis.


A quadratic programming method is described for studying simultaneous sum and difference synthesis compromises, and establishing performance bounds, under the restriction of a two-section array feed network. A composite objective function is minimised, subject to a union of separate sets of sidelobe constraints, for the sum and difference modes of operation, to avoid a conflicting constraint set. Examples are given to illustrate the principal features of the method.


TO THE EDITOR: A 25-year-old man had a sudden pain followed by involuntary movements in his right arm. A few minutes later, he had a new episode with loss of consciousness. Nine years earlier, he had had a depressed frontal fracture, epidural hematoma, and cerebral contusion that left him with a mild stutter. On examination, the only finding was a difficulty with oral expression. The initial diagnosis was partial seizures, and treatment with phenytoin and carbamazepine was started. Psychomotor attacks appeared 3 days later. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed post-traumatic changes in the right frontal and left temporal lobes. Electroencephalography showed slow activity in the left hemisphere with temporal predominance. Progressively, the patient had mental deterioration and rigidity. He was receiving phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital. The rigidity disappeared with the administration of diazepam. However, uncoordinated movements of both eyes and the right arm, autonomic hyperactivity, and the Babinski sign then appeared. The electroencephalogram showed rhythmic theta-delta activity of bilateral distribution with unstable morphology and intensity. Because the seizures were uncontrolled, a pentobarbital coma was induced. After 40 days of treatment, we tried electroconvulsive therapy. After the second attempt, we were able to remove barbiturates from the patient's treatment regimen. The patient received six electroconvulsive therapy sessions (three per week) and completely recovered within 1 month. Electroconvulsive therapy has occasionally been used to treat seizures and other neurological disorders [1-3]. Research in animals and humans has shown that this therapy results in an increased seizure threshold that typically increases progressively over a course of treatment. Some authors [1] have suggested that the anticonvulsant effect of electroconvulsive therapy is produced by increased transmission of -aminobutyric acid. The guidelines on medical treatment of epilepsy are clear [4]. But when no response occurs, electroconvulsive therapy might be a useful adjunct with low morbidity. Nevertheless, its use might be considered an exceptional therapeutic strategy that must be justified on a case-by-case basis.


Electric Vehicles (EVs) are one of the renewable energy sources that can bring significant positive impacts to power system during their charging and discharging operations. According to this research an educational tool has been created to show students/users the Electric Vehicle's behavior when integrated to the distribution grid. This research helps students/users to develop new algorithms for renewable energy and energy storage applications. A Matlab/Simulink module has been utilized to implement the integrated systems with simple, easy and flexible Graphical User Interface (GUI) for experimentation purposes. Furthermore, the developed educational tool aims to show that EVs can be efficiently charged by renewable energy sources connected to the grid with reduced charging costs. In addition, users can understand how those results can be sustainable for further studies and development. Unlike commercial wise tools, such a tool would add a promising methodology for the research methods and educational systems due to availability and user friendly approach.


A bicycle and pedestrian master plan is a document meant to serve as a guide to staff and decision-makers on how to best develop future bicycle and pedestrian improvements. It is a comprehensive document that identifies and prioritizes new projects for sidewalks, bicycle facilities, and off-street paths. It accomplishes this by following these steps: 1. Identify existing bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. 2. Provide a " on the ground " survey of conditions of existing infrastructure. 3. Conduct public input sessions to gather information regarding necessary projects. priority of each project. 5. Identify likely funding sources for each project. 6. Suggest steps for plan implementation and next steps. 7. Present findings to public and elected officials. Following these steps, a complete bicycle and pedestrian master plan was developed. A total of 149 sidewalk projects, 40 bicycle network projects, and five off-street multi-use paths were identified and prioritized. The identification of these projects will serve to assist in their inclusion to the City's and regional planning bodies transportation improvement plan (TIP).


The memory device includes a first memory block for transmitting and receiving signals over a first channel; A second memory block for transmitting and receiving signals over a second channel; And but it applied when testing a plurality of command signals externally input to the first channel and the second channel, the first command signal to distinguish the plurality of command signal light and leads the first channel and the second It includes a test controller for applying a different values for the channel and, when testing the first memory block and the second one of the memory blocks in the memory block performing the read operation and the other memory block performing write operation and read the data output from the memory blocks that perform the operations may be entered into the memory blocks to perform a write operation.


This paper analyzes the effect of migration and remittances on a small, open, migrant-sending country in the context of an endogenous growth model with technology transfers. The paper demonstrates that, due to a dynamic feedback effect from economic conditions to migration and from migration to economic development in an economy exposed to migration, initial conditions can determine its long-run steady state, leading to the rise of vicious or virtues circles of development. Countries with a low level of technological development may end up in a poverty trap, in which a low level of development results in low wage rates and consequently high migration rates. The high migration and loss of manpower in a general equilibrium generates less demand for the adoption of leading technologies, reducing incentives to invest into new technologies. This reduced incentive effect in turn leads to low output and low wages and even higher migration next period. Potentially, as in the case of depopulated countries and regions the economy diverges from the world's growth rate and eventually ends up being emptied out. The poverty trap with migration is possible even with the possibility of transfer of foreign technologies and for an economy that was converging to the world's growth rate absent migration. Altruistic remittances as an important by-product of migration allow people to share the benefits of technological advances developed elsewhere and dampen the negative impact of migration. In particular, remittances remove the limiting case of emptying out of the economy and reduce the chances of ending up in a poverty trap.


ABSTRACT Social norms are unwritten rules about how to behave in a group, and have been shown to impact health behaviour change. There are equivocal findings regarding social norms in the context of physical activity, which may be attributed to inconsistencies in their conceptualization and measurement. This scoping review explored the literature examining social norms as they relate to physical activity, with an emphasis on how researchers have conceptualized and measured social norms. A total of 137 articles were reviewed. The majority (n = 125, 91%) were grounded within the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and varied considerably in their conceptualization and measurement of subjective norms. Studies not grounded within the TPB either measured (n = 5, 4%) or manipulated (n = 7, 5%) injunctive and descriptive norms. These results also allowed for the identification of future research considerations, including potential covariates (e.g. social support) and moderators (e.g. personality characteristics) that may help explain the equivocal findings regarding the role of subjective norms in promoting physical activity. Overall, the current review highlights several aspects that future researchers may consider when examining social norms and/or designing interventions for physical activity based on normative influences.


This study aims to describe the implementation of educational infrastructure management at IAIN Surakarta in the era of technological disruption, to identify the implementation of the transformation of educational infrastructure management at IAIN Surakarta in the era of technological disruption, and to find the benefits of transforming educational infrastructure management at IAIN Surakarta in the era of technological disruption. This research uses a descriptive qualitative case study method. The place of research is at the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Surakarta Campus. Sources of research data using a combined method, namely, first, purposive sampling by determining the informants who know in depth about the focus of research. Second, with what goes on like a snowball or snowball sampling. The data of this research was extracted from the research subject, namely the academic community of IAIN Surkarta, and the informants were the leaders of the academic community of IAIN Surkarta starting from the Chancellor, Assistant Chancellor and other leaders. Data collection techniques in this study using documents, in-depth interviews, and observation. The method used to check the validity of the data is the credibility test, transferability test, dependability test, and confirmability test. The data analysis technique used in this research is through interactive analysis techniques. The results show that IAIN Surakarta has transformed the development of educational infrastructure through very mature management under the leadership of the Chancellor of IAIN Surakarta; the implementation of the transformation of educational infrastructure management at IAIN Surakarta in the era of technological disruption has run smoothly with the support of human resources and increasingly modern information and technology systems, various existing infrastructure facilities have met the standards set and are able to meet various demands of globalization; The benefits of transforming the management of educational infrastructure at IAIN Surakarta in the era of technological disruption are enormous for the progress of the IAIN Surakarta campus in supporting the smooth quality of the learning process.


Six trifunctional triorganotin tetrazoles, (R3SnN4CCH2CH2)3C(NO2) and 1,3,5-(R3SnN4C)3C6H3(R = Me, Et or Bu), have been synthesised by a cycloaddition route from SnR3(N3) and either (NCCH2CH2)3C(NO2) or 1,3,5-(NC)3C6H3 as dipolarophile. The compounds have been characterised by 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR and 119Mossbauer spectroscopies, while the crystal structures of the tributyltin examples of each series reveal they adopt layered supramolecular arrays.


Introduction The global toll of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is significantly rising and unevenly distributed. In Indonesia, CKD is primarily managed by hemodialysis (HD) because limited resources rule out the possibility of renal transplantation. HD patients are commonly accompanied by caregivers but most studies show neglected the physical and mental health of caregivers. Objectives This work aims to know the relationship between anxiety and depression with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in HD caregivers at Soehadi Prijonegoro Regional Public Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the population. This research took place in Soehadi Prijonegoro Regional Public Hospital Sragen Indonesia, at the Hemodialysis department in November 2022, with 31 participants. We assessed their SBP using a sphygmomanometer, and then we interviewed the caregivers using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D or HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Results We found that 38,8% of caregivers have hypertension with SBP above 140 mmHg. Around 93.5% and 6.5% of caregivers were found to be mild and mild-moderate anxious. Also, 22.6% were found to have mild depression, while the rest showed the normal result. There is a relationship between SBP and anxiety (p=0.037), while depression is not (p=0.302). However, there is a strong relationship between anxiety and depression (p<0.05), with a correlation coefficient of 0.69. Conclusions One-third of the caregivers were found to have hypertension, which is significantly related to anxiety. Furthermore, depression could occur in a patient with anxiety. Thus, caregivers need to maintain their physical and mental health. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Background: The treatment and healing of chronic wounds represents an ongoing challenge in surgery and can be a longterm affair causing significant financial burden for health-care systems with the current therapy options. These include many different types of wound dressing, the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), autolog skin grafts and complicated flap coverings with the associated intraand postoperative risks and requirements. Fish skin from cod, which is very similar to human skin, offers a new therapy option. We present our first experiences with fish skin in the treatment of chronic wounds. Material and Method: This is a series of cases of patientes with chronic wounds of the lower extremities, where traditional methods have failed. In our cases, the application of fish skin resulted in complete healing of the wounds. Conclusion: Our first clinical experiences show, that the use of fish skin on chronic wounds has clearly therapeutical potential as a treatment alternative. The clinical effectiveness and cost -effectiveness of this therapy option have been proven in numerous clinical studies. A re-operation is not necessary, the method is safe and no side effects are described.


The quantity and quality of bone tissue are dependent on the generation of new bone (deposition) mediated by os-teoblasts and the loss (resorption) mediated by osteoclasts. For each of these processes there are important markers that can be measured in serum or urine. Resorption markers are products of metabolic degradation of bone matrix in particu-lar of the type I collagen (hydroxyproline, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline). In addition, the resorptive activity can also be evaluated through the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and calcium-creatini-ne ratio in urine. Bone formation markers are collagen proteins (ALP, OCN), non collagen (ONC, OPN, BSP) or fragments of collagen synthesis (procollagen peptides).


Reiteration is used much more frequently in Chinese than in English.But it can't be absolutely equivalent in Chinese-English translation.Here are some ideas on how to resolve this problem——overt and covert reiteration.


In this study the effect of temperature on the adsorption isotherms at 25 °C and 45 °C amaranth flakes. The isotherms were elaborated by the gravimetric method static saturated salt solutions was evaluated. The fit of the experimental models of GAB, BET, Caurie and Henderson data was evaluated. Was estimate the shelf life of Amaranth flakes, using the Heiss and Eichner model.
A sample of 1 g of Amaranth flakes was placed on a perforated plate with saturated salt solutions in the range of 4 to 96% relative humidity into 6 glass bells wich were kep at 25 °C y 45 °C for 15 days (equilibrium condition). At this point the moisture content of the Amaranth flakes stored in each container was determined with the Analyzer Lite water activity (AL 1379).
The GAB model showed a good fit of experimental data with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9 and %E less than 10%. The reported monolayer values were (0.0701, y 0.0468 g water/g db) higher tan those calculated with the BET model (0.0565 y 0.0358 g water/g db) for the two temperaturas tested.
It is concluded that the best model that fits to the amaranth flakes is GAB model and product life was estimated in terms of water permeability and its effect on permeability, having an estimated ranges life 11.5 and 9.9 months at temperatures between 25 °C and 45 °C respectively.


Microburets can be expensive for a large undergraduate lab, the author provides tips on construction and use of an inexpensive microburet.


Recent surveys have reported that firms pretend not to rely heavily on patents in order to appropriate the return to their innovation. However, we have also witnessed an unprecedented jump in patent applications in the US. This may suggest that firms intent to use patents for other purposes. We consider a dynamic model of innovation races with asymmetric information concerning the improvability of an innovation. In this setting, we show that an innovator that has already made an innovation may decide to strategically use the patenting decision to mislead her rival. Under symmetric information, she may decide to suppress the innovation to keep her competitive advantage while improving upon it, if improvable. If the innovation cannot be improved, she patents it. Conversely, under asymmetric information, she patents the innovation more frequently in order to mislead her rival.


Simulation on loudspeaker drivers require a conventional fully coupled vibroacoustic model to capture both the effect of the loading mass of the air on the moving parts and the geometric topology of the cone, dust cap and surround. An accurate vibroacoustic model can be time-consuming to solve, especially in 3D. In practical applications, this results in poor efficiency concerning the decision-making process to move on to the next simulation model. To overcome this the loudspeaker designer can use either the COMSOL build-in near-to-farfield transformation (PFAR) or post-process structural only results via the Rayleigh integral to reduce or totally eliminate the computationally demanding open air domain in front of the speaker. These simplifications comes with the cost of a frequency dependent inaccuracy. This paper compares for three different drivers (a totally flat, a concave cone and a convex dome) the efficiency and accuracy of a conventional fully coupled vibroacoustic model where the measurement point is included in the computational FEA domain with respectively a reduced air domain model having the measurement point outside the computational FEA domain obtained by the near-to-far-field transformation and a model relying on the structural only Rayleigh integral post-processing.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current situation and developing trend of the use of antituberculotics and fluoroquinolones (FQNS) for tuberculosis in our hospital.METHODS:The use of antituberculotics and FQNS in our hospital from 2005 to 2009 was analyzed statistically in respect of consumption sum and DDDs.RESULTS:The DDDs of antituberculotics was obviously higher than that of FQNS which was in line with the feature of drug use.The majority of antituberculotics were first-line drugs,but the consumption sum of FQNS took up large proportion of total consumption sum of antituberculotics.CONCLUSION:The use of antituberculotics in our hospital is reasonable,but the valid intervention should be taken in the use of FQNS for tuberculosis.


Taken the continuous construction technology of prestressed concrete bridge in high-speed railway as main line,the construction technology of scaffold,formwork,steel bar,concrete and prestress are elaborated,in order to accumulate construction experiences for continuous prestressed concrete bridge.


Radioiodine treatment is effective in reducing the size of sporadic nontoxic goitre, albeit at the expense of a high incidence of postradiation hypothyroidism. The decrease in goitre size, however, is not observed in all subjects, and little is known about recurrent goitre growth after 131I therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate which factors determine the longterm outcome of 131I treatment in patients with sporadic nontoxic nodular goitre, in terms of changes in both thyroid size and thyroid function.


Microarc oxidation(MAO) coatings were prepared on the surface of aluminum alloys with different contents of magnesium. The morphologies and surface roughness of the coatings were characterized by Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). Phase and chemical composition of the MAO coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The experimental results show that the coatings formed on different substrates have two-layer morphologies and are mainly composed of Al2O3 and Al-Si-O phases. In addition, the content of Al2O3 increases with increasing the content of magnesium. XPS results prove that magnesium from substrate indeed participates in the MAO process and is incorporated into the coating in the form of MgO. The coating formed on Al-3Mg substrate has the smallest mass loss and the lowest friction coefficient of 0.17-0.19.


Benign Migratory Glossitis affects only a small fraction of the general population (1-3%) with a female predilection and should be distinguished from other benign and malignant conditions affecting oral mucosal and the tongue. With the mounting research in recent years, this condition has been found to have a certain correlation with some immunological conditions in terms of clinical association and histopathological findings, as well as in terms of sharing common immunohistochemical markers and genetic components, all of which have bearing on its diagnosis and clinical approach and management.


The authors focused on the development of an indoor positioning system which is easy to use, portable and available for everyone. This system is capable of providing the correct position anywhere indoors, including onboard ships, and was invented in order to evaluate the availability of GPS indoors. Although the performance of GPS is superior outdoors, there has been considerable research regarding indoor GPS involving sensitive GPS, pseudolites (GPS pseudo satellite), RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tags, and wireless LAN .However, the positioning rate and the precision are not high enough for general use, which is the reason why these technologies have not yet spread to personal navigation systems. In this regard, the authors attempted to implement an indoor positioning system using cellular phones with built-in GPS and infrared light data communication functionality, which are widely used in Japan. GPS is becoming increasingly popular, where $GPGGS sentences of the NMEA outputted from the GPS receiver provide spatiotemporal information including latitude, longitude, altitude, and time or ECEF xyz coordinates. As GPS applications grow rapidly, spatiotemporal data becomes key to the ubiquitous outdoor and indoor seamless positioning services at least for the entire area of Japan, as well as to becoming familiar with satellite positioning systems (e.g. GPS). Furthermore, the authors are also working on the idea of using PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), as cellular phones with built-in GPS and PDA functionality are also becoming increasingly popular.


The γ-irradiation-induced optical absorption spectra of annealed Al2O3 single crystals were analyzed. The samples were beat-treated in O2 or vacuum from 1600° to 1800°C. Four absorption bands are reported with average peak positions at 3.4,4.8,5.5, and 6.6 eV for samples annealed in O2 at ≥ 1750°C. Vacuum anneals up to 1800°C and O2 anneals at 6.6 eV. The radiation-induced change in the absorption spectra is reported and the defect centers responsible for the measured optical absorption bands are discussed with respect to the aliovalent impurities in the host lattice. Special attention is given to the role of the Fe3+ impurity ion.


In robotic multifinger hand manipulating an object,each finger's motion should be planned ac- cording to the manipulated objectmotion.This problem is very difficultto solve when there is rolling con- tacts between fingers and object.Up to now,kinematics- based velocity control method and master- slave planning method for multifingered manipulation have been proposed.This paper analyzed the defects of kinematics- based velocity motion control method and master- slave motion planning scheme of multifin- gered manipulation,respectively,and illustrated that they are not coordinated motion planning methods. By introducing the constraints of optimal grasping configuration into finger motion generation process,it proposed a coordinated motion generation algorithm formultifingered manipulation.The algorithm gener- ates the coordinated fingermotions to keep the grasp in an optimal setwhen the initial grasp is optimal,or optimize the grasp by defining grasp quality measure during manipulation process,when the initial grasp is not optimal.Finally,it presented several manipulation experiments with HKUST multifingered hand to verify the proposed algorithm.


Recent research has greatly increased our understanding of the geography, the extent and the causes of infant mortality in England and Wales since 1850. This research has focused in particular on the timing of the beginning of the decline in infant mortality, on urban/rural differentials, and on the complex of causes of infant mortality. As a result the traditional picture, that not only did the level of infant mortality fail to fall in the last decades of the nineteenth century but it actually increased during the late eighteen-nineties before beginning its long run decline in the first decade of the twentieth century, has been significantly qualified. For many geographical areas, the beginning of the decline is now located in the later decades of the nineteenth century, the increase in the 1890s was a short term interruption to a longer run trend caused by adverse climatic conditions, whilst national levels of infant mortality were disproportionately influenced by the levels of infant mortality in London and the 'great cities'.1


1. Brecher, G., M. Schneiderman, and E. P. Cronkite: The reproducibility and constancy of the platelet count. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 28: 15, 1953. 2. Crosby, W. H., and F. W. Furth: A modification of the benzidine method for measurement of hemoglobin in plasma and urine. Blood 11: 380, 1956. 3. Macfarlane, R. G.: Fibrinolysis following operation. Lancet 1: 10, 1937. 4. Perkins, H. A., and M. R. Rolfs: Quantitative assay of fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity. Blood 22: 485, 1963. 5. Perkins, H. A., M. R. Rolfs, A. McBride, and B. Roe: Low molecular weight dextran in open heart surgery: Effect on coagulation factors and on red cell antibody activity. Transfusion 4: 10, 1964. 6. Perkins, H. A., M. R. Rolfs, and B. Torg: Assay of blood coagulation factors in heparinized blood. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 11: 254,1964. 7. Tocantins, L. M., R. T. Carroll, and R. H. Holburn: Influence of the actual plasma concentration in the final clotting mixture on the response of normal and hemophilic plasmas to thromboplastin. Implications in regard to one-stage "prothrombin time" tests. p, 192-201. rn J. E. Flynn, Ed. Blood Clotting and Allied Problems. New York, Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, 1950.


Multiprocessor server system performs a plurality of multi-processors or a single processor operating system, each using a plurality of storage adapters and a plurality of network adapters. Each operating system holds load information about all of its processor, to share the information with other operating systems. If a change in the processor load of the operating system occurs, unless reached already the maximum load of the storage adapter and network adapter is reallocation target operating system, the processor is dynamically re between operating systems in order to improve the performance It is allocated. Reassignment processor includes a operating system shutdown and dynamic restart to allow reallocation of processors used by the single processor operating system. Furthermore, process scheduler multiprocessor operating system, load to allow immediate reallocation of the processor to heavy operating system to maintain the idle several processors in light processor load.


Tests are applied to some key macroeconomic aggregates such as real and nominal GNP, GDP, final sales, and the GNP implicit deflator, to determine whether the data in various stages of availability from preliminary to final estimates are cointegrated. Generally, one is able to find cointegration between various vintages of GNP and the GNP implicit deflator although many other combinations of other series tested were found not to be cointegrated. While this is potentially a troublesome result it is also possible that the results reflect improvements made in the quality of aggregate economic data.


Production of the two phospholipases C (PLCs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is induced under conditions of phosphate limitation, or by the osmoprotectants choline or glycine betaine. Tn5 mutagenesis was performed on strain PAO1 to isolate mutants deficient in choline‐dependent induction of PLC. Two mutants, Tn5T1 and Tn5G19, were identified which produce decreased levels of PLC in phosphate‐replete media supplemented with choline. A total of 136 and 496 bp of flanking DNA from Tn5G19 and Tn5T1 was cloned by an inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The DNA flanking the Tn5T1 insertion contains an open reading frame predicted to encode a peptide that is approx. 60% identical to the N‐terminus of a previously identified protein (P35) of unknown function from Escherichia coli. The P35 gene, which is located in the nusA–infB operon in E. coli, was designated orp (osmoprotectant regulator of PLC). Haemolytic titres, total PlcH protein and β‐galactosidase activity expressed from a chromosomally inserted plcH–lacZ operon fusion werereduced in strain Tn5T1 in comparison with the parental strain (PAO1) carrying the same fusion. However, this mutant expressed several‐fold higher levels of plcH message than strain PAO1 in the presence of choline, while the phosphate‐starvation‐dependent transcript of plcH could not be detected in this mutant. The defects in Tn5T1 are complemented by a DNA fragment, isolated from a genomic library of PAO1, that carries the orp gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of the DNA fragment cloned from Tn5G19 exhibits 84% identity with the betB gene product of E. coli that has betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. This enzyme catalyses the conversion of betaine aldehyde to glycine–betaine. Unlike the parental strain, the Tn5G19 mutant could not utilize choline as a sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source, and it was deficient in betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Also, consistent with a disruption of betB in Tn5G19, choline inhibited growth of this strain in media containing 0.7 M NaCl, while glycine–betaine restores growth to wild‐type levels. The defects in Tn5G19 are complemented by a DNA fragment from PAO1 that carries the betB gene. The orp gene is located between 0.6 to 6.6 min while betB is located between 10.5 to 12.5 min on the chromosome of PAO1.


The Agricultural Land Development Bureau of Okayama Prefecture planned and constructed stockbreeding farms on the Kasaoka-Bay reclaimed land. On September 1987, the ground was improved with the packed sand drains and preloading embankments. The authors established an observation plan and have obtained a lot of data. This paper describes the preliminary consideration for the settlement analysis of the reclaimed soft ground with the observed data. At first, a finite element consolidation program based on Sandhu' s procedure is examined. Next, a determination procedure of soil parameters for the finite element analysis is presented. Finally, the procedure is applied to the analysis for the standard consolidation test. Concluding remarks of this paper are as follows: 1) The finite element program based on Sandhu's procedure shows the pore pressure oscillation in small initial time steps. However, that can be prevented with appropriate size of finite elements and time steps. It is effective to use the pore pressure stability criterion proposed by Vermeer et al. 2) Even though the pore pressure oscillation occurs in early stage of consolidation, it disappears with time and does not affect the degree of consolidation. 3) The program can correctly simulate standard consolidation tests with high values of the primary consolidation ratio.


Intrusion detection systems (IDS's) play a vital role in network security to prevent the unauthorized use of data over networks. The feature selection approach is an important paradigm to strengthen IDS systems. In this article, a reinforced firefly-based feature selection model is proposed. This model utilizes the firefly inspired optimizer to select the features and it combines filter-based and wrapper-based approaches to boost the optimizer approach of the significant feature subset. In addition to that, novel classifiers are used to validate the efficiency of the selected subset. The proposed work is tested on the KDD Cup99 data sets which include 41 different features. Experimental results convey that the proposed work outperforms in terms of better detection accuracy, FPR and F-score. Also, it achieves better classification accuracy and less computational complexity compared to other algorithms.


Listeners tend to achieve better speech understanding when the masking talker(s) are spatially separated from the target talker; an effect known as spatial release from masking. Here, we present data on spatial release from masking experiment where the target and maskers are high pass filtered with a three frequency audiometric pure-tone threshold equal to 20 dB HL. Young normal hearing listeners were presented with CRM sentences in anechoic and reverberant listening environments. The target speech was presented simultaneously with two maskers that were either colocated (0° azimuth) or symmetrically separated from the target in azimuth ( ±15°). Reverberant listening environments were simulated using techniques described in Zahorik (2009) and reverberation times (T60) of 1s and 2s were used. Preliminary results indicate that the amount of release from masking reduced for filtered speech and this reduction was greater for reverberant listening environments as compared to anechoic environment.


Based on software platform, MultiGen Creator and Vega, the virtual exhibit system of scene has been developed, which integrates functions of roaming and designing. Firstly, the whole structure of this system is analyzed. Then, some key technologies are introduced, such as modeling method of scene, texture processing, format transforming and simplifying. Some programming technologies are also discussed, such as freedom degree controlling, colliding testing and input controlling, suggestive information showing, objects picking. The result shows that virtual exhibit system of scene could be widely used in building arrangement and exhibition. The prospect of this system in market is very well.


In this paper we obtain a set of meta-functional equations as new species of formulas in classical mathematical analysis. Mentioned species are generated by crossbreeding complete hybrid formula as a mother formula. Namely, they are generated by an infinite set of crossbreedings on some subsidiary infinite set of meta-functional equations with one neutral factor.


The invention relates to a Chinese medicinal composition for treating distention and fullness. The Chinese medicinal composition consists of the following Chinese herbal medicines in part by weight: 5 to 25 parts of officinal magnolia bark, 5 to 20 parts of atractylodes lancea, 5 to 20 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 5 to 20 parts of tuckahoe, 5 to 20 parts of pinellia ternate, 5 to 25 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 2 to 15 parts of liquorice, 5 to 25 parts of caulis perllae, 5 to 30 parts of radish seed, 10 to 40 parts of raw malt, 5 to 20 parts of fructus amomi, 5 to 30 parts of dandelion, 5 to 20 parts of gardenia, 10 to 40 parts of rhizoma corydalis, and 5 to 25 parts of cyperus rotundus. The Chinese medicinal composition has the effects of tonifying spleen and stomach, regulating vital energy and eliminating distention and fullness, clearing heat and purging the pathogenic fire, promoting the circulation of qi and helping digestion, and lowering the adverse flow of qi and relieving asthma, and has an obvious and reliable effect of treating distention and fullness. The medicinal sources of the Chinese medicinal composition are wide, and the Chinese medicinal composition is easy to prepare, is mild in medicine property, and does not have any toxic or side effect.


In recent years, wavelets have been widely applied instate-of-the-art image processing algorithms, providing efficient compression while maintaining superior image quality. However, wavelet performance may not be sufficient when extreme compression ratios are required. Defense applications often require robust transforms simultaneously minimizing bandwidth requirements and image resolution loss. Image processing algorithms take advantage of quantization to provide substantial lossy compression ratios at the expense of resolution. Recent research demonstrates that genetic algorithms (GAs) evolve filters out performing standard discrete wavelet transforms in conditions subject to high quantization error. Evolved filters must be trained using images appropriate to their intended application. We present a set offifty satellite images used to evolve image transforms appropriate for satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) reconnaissance applications. We identify the best training and test images. Image transforms evolved using appropriate training images reduce the mean squared error (MSE) by an average of greater than 15% across the entire image set under conditions subject to high quantization error.


Current plans for the US space station are to recycle as much waste water as possible to reduce shuttle resupply requirements. Fluid behavior in space differs markedly from that in a gravity-dominated environment. The general environmental engineering sector should become familiar with waste water recycle in the microgravity of zero-G environment. The author discuss the behavior of water based on its physical properties in microgravity.


This article introduces the Secure Interoperable Full-Stack Internet of Things for Smart Home (SIFIS-Home) project, which defines and enforces privacy and security policies in a smart home environment. SIFIS-Home allows users to control data privacy and developers to provide privacy-aware services to mitigate the privacy risk of a globalized smart home by leveraging the concept of the smart home cyberperimeter.


Smart power is a new theory of national development strategy born in the early 21st century. It has rich historical and realistic connotations. In view of the universal significance of smart power itself, the author will analyze the concept of smart power in contemporary China from the historical origin, realistic foundation, strategic necessity, longterm nature and the existing objective performance. It can be seen that the great achievements China has made in the past 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic, especially in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, complement each other with the strategy of smart power. Keywords—smart power; hard power; soft power; smart power strategy; reform and opening up


SummaryA micropropagation method for Orthosiphon stamineus, using stem nodal segments, has been developed. The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6.7 μM benzyladenine with the formation of an average of 6.1 shoots per explant over a period of 4 wk. The number of shoots increased with longer culture duration on proliferation medium. Multiple shoots which were maintained on the proliferation medium for 6 wk had the highest proliferation rate. Separation of multiple shoots and culturing in larger flasks significantly promoted the growth and formation of plantlets. All the in vitro plantlets survived when transferred to the field and showed no significant morphological differences from the mother plants.


The Hubbard chain with a magnetic impurity of arbitrary spin S is studied using the Bethe ansatz technique. We consider two kinds of impurities which interact with itinerant electrons on the neighboring lattice sites without destroying the integrability. The correlations in the host always induce valence fluctuations at the impurity site. For a repulsive Hubbard U, an impurity coupled via antiferromagnetic exchange to the host reveals magnetic properties similar to those of the ordinary Kondo effect. In contrast, a hybridization impurity (Anderson-like) embedded into the attractive Hubbard model gives rise to essentially different magnetic behavior. This difference is a consequence of the spin gap in the host. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


The problem of predicting sediment size distributions on hillslopes has seen recent interest in the geomorphology community. Sediment size, especially when larger than typical "soil" grain sizes, influences dynamics both on hillslopes and adjoining river channels that must carry hillslope-derived sediment. However, data regarding hillslope sediment size and dynamics is scarce. Important parameters such as initial sediment size distributions, as well as their subsequent evolution through transport and weathering through the hillslope system, are not well known. A common assumption is that fracture spacings can be used to estimate initial size distributions in hillslope sediment


Successful planning of electrical distribution networks is a complex problem. Besides the well-known radial network layout, in Europe, particularly in Croatia, the distribution networks are also loop or link structured. In order to be solved, network optimization problem is translated into some known combinatorial problems. When networks are loop-structured, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is commonly used. The combinatorial problems like TSP cannot be solved exactly and evolutionary algorithms have been successful in solving these problems. Although, they are shown as very efficient, progress is still expected concerning the stability and lesser dependency on input parameters. In addition, evolutionary techniques for solving combinatorial problems often do not pay attention to existing knowledge about the problem. An improvement of the classic genetic algorithm used for solving the TSP is shown here, inspired by artificial immune systems techniques. Special attention is also paid to object-oriented design of the application and achieved benefits.


We thank Drs Cereda and Malavazos1 for their comments regarding our article "Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Severe Obesity. Interactions Among Blood Pressure, Nocturnal Hypoxemia, and Body Mass."2 They point out a potential role for inflammation mediated by visceral adipose tissue as a contributing factor for the cardiac abnormalities that we observed in …


In view of the strong correlation between amplitude and phase characteristics of Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier(TWTA)analog predistortion technology,a dual-branch vector synthesis predistortion linearizer is proposed,which consists of branch line hybrid couplers,an adjustable attenuator and a reflective diode-based predistortion circuit.This linearizer is fabricated and measured according to the theoretical analysis and simulation results.The measurement results show that the linearizer can compensate the nonlinearity of the TWTAs.Once the two branches bias voltages are rationalized,the phase expansion can change30 degrees,while the change of the amplitude expansion is less than 1dB,which effectively reduces the correlation between the amplitude and the phase characteristics of the analog predistortion linearizer.


In order to compare the effects of reclaimed water irrigation on the soil environment of greenbelt, the secondary treated water, tertiary treated water and tap water were used to irrigate three kinds of turfgrass, arbors and three kinds of shrubs respectively. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the soil irrigated with reclaimed water and tap water in terms to the content of total nitrogen, total phosphor, total salt, and heavy metal such as chrome, cadmium, hydrargyrum, lead and arsenic. Organic matter and bacteria in the soil irrigated with the secondary treated water inclined to increase. No obvious effect was observed in the soil environment of greenbelt, which was irrigated with the secondary treated water and the tertiary treated water. However, the soil salt should be monitored to prevent from accumulating if the soil continued to be irrigated with reclaimed water. In addition, if irrigated with the secondary treated water, the sanitary quality should be controlled strictly to avoid the hazards to human beings.


Existing metadata about cultural items such as movies, books and music is a valuable resource that have been created for specific purposes and managed for decades by institutions worldwide. In order to realize and increase the potential value of this metadata and make it available for new services and purposes, there is a need for proper semantic reuse and integration of this metadata. Thus, the focus of this work is on improving the quality of existing metadata. Our approach is based on model-based interpretation of existing metadata, using a conceptual domain model. The main research objectives are to support the migration of existing metadata to a new information model that enables semantic aware reuse and integration and to exploit methods to improve the reuse value of existing metadata and make it available for new types of services.


A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the relative importance of well-known risk factors for iron deficiency in one-year-old children and to detect new ones. Serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and haemoglobin were used as diagnostic tools to screen for iron deficiency. Epidemiologic analysis of data included measures of association, potential impact and a log-linear model to obtain adjusted measures. Socioeconomic variables show a strong association with iron deficiency (low income, odds ratio = 5.07, UCL = 16.08, LCL = 1.60; unemployed father, odds ratio = 4.16, UCL = 14.94, LCL = 1.16; emigration, odds ratio = 9.14, UCL = 54.56, LCL = 1.53). Some errors in feeding practices raise the risk of anaemia, especially the early consumption of cow milk (odds ratio = 21.0, UCL = 85.34, LCL = 5.16). This relationship is quantified and a cut-off point for the increased risk is determined at 500 ml per day (odds ratio = 14.56, UCL = 47.85, LCL = 4.44). Iron deficiency, although associated with pov...


In the modem science curriculum, students should learn science knowledge or "facts"; they should develop science skills, strategies, and habits of mind; they should understand the applications of science to technology, society, and the environment; and they should cultivate appropriate attitudes - positive ones, we hope - toward science. While science knowledge may be taught through traditional lecture-and-textbook methods, theories of learning (and extensive experience) show that other aspects of the curriculum are best taught by doing science - not just hands-on activities, but "minds-on" engagement. That means more than the usual "cookbook" practical activities in which students use a predetermined procedure to achieve a predetermined result. The activities should be "authentic"; that is, they should mirror the actual scientific process.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy factor on neuromuscular block induced by cisatracurium in the patients undergoing radical gastrectomy.

Methods
Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ patients, aged 48-79 yr, with body mass index of 20-27 kg/m2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, were divided into 2 groups(n=30 each)according to whether the patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before operation or not: non-chemotherapy group(group A)and neoadjuvent chemotherapy group(group B). Anesthesia was induced with cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg(3×ED95)injected intravenously.When T1 recovered to 10% of control height, IV infusion of cisatracurium was started with an initial dose of 1.5 μg·kg-1·min-1, and the infusion rate was adjusted with the amplitude of 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 to maintain T1 at 5%-10% of control height.The onset time, nonresponse time, time for T1 to recover to 10%, recovery index and time for train of four ratio to recover to 90% were recorded.The consumption of cisatracurium was continuously recorded every 30 min starting from IV infusion of cisatracurium for 3 times, 90 min in total.The mean infusion rate within 90 min was calculated.

Results
Compared with group A, the onset time, recovery index and time for train of four ratio to recover to 90% were significantly prolonged, the nonresponse time and time for T1 to recover to 10% were shortened, and the consumption of cisatracurium and mean infusion rate were increased in group B(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy factor can weaken neuromuscular block induced by cisatracurium in the patients undergoing radical gastrectomy.

Key words:
Atracurium; Chemotherapy, adjuvant; Stomach neoplasms; Neuromuscular blockade


A novel kind of water-borne caprolactam-blocked non-ionic polyurethane crosslinker (CL-bnp) was prepared by prepolymer mixing process, using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane (TMP) and caprolactam (CL). The physical properties of prepared blocked polyurethane crosslinker dispersion, such as viscosity, pH and storage stability were measured. The chemical structure and its de-blocking temperature (Tde) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The FTIR confirmed that the NCO groups of the original HDI molecule were completely blocked by this blocking agent. The thermal analysis measurements revealed that the maximum de-blocking ratio temperature of CL-bnp was around 160-170 °C


In the year 2005, the number of Internet users in the world is about one billion, or about 15% of the world population of 6.4 billion. The Internet is the most outstanding example of Information Technology (IT), which is the combination of computers and telecommunications. All countries have been using IT for national development including industrial management. The use of the Internet is referred to as "e" for "electronic". For example, in alphabetical order, eAuction, eBanking, eCommerce, eDocument, eEncyclopedia, eFinance, eGovernment, eHelp, eIndustry, etc. Countries and groups of countries have been promoting the use of IT. For example, "eASEAN" was established by the group of ten countries, followed by "eThailand" by the government of Thailand. As a matter of fact, ASEAN led the way by announcing eASEAN in 1999, followed by eEurope in 2000, and eAPEC in 2002. ASEAN established eASEAN Task Force before the G8's DOT Force and UN ICT Task Force. The eASEAN Task Force was the only public-private sector advisory body in ASEAN until it was later disbanded and more or less succeeded by eASEAN Business Council. The author of this paper was appointed Thailand representative in the eASEAN Task Force and later named Chairman of the eASEAN Business Council. He would, therefore, like to present eASEAN Task Force and eASEAN Business Council and their activities in this paper.