[Objective]The research aimed to provided a theoretical basis for the development and the utilization of Dictyophora.[Method] Dictyophora polysaccharides were separated and purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.And the bacteriostasis effects were measured by antimicrobial ring diameter.The bacteriostasis effects of polysaccharides from Dictyophora were studied.[Result]Dictyophora polysaccharides had antimicrobial ring for Aspergillus niger,Penicillium oxalicum,Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,and the antimicrobial ring diameters for fungus were greater than that for bacteria.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Aspergillus niger,Penicillium oxalicum and Staphylococcus aureus was 2.50 mg/ml,and that of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was 5.00 mg/ml.[Conclusion] Dictyophora polysaccharides had inhibitory effect,for Aspergillus niger,Penicillium oxalicum,Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,and the inhibitory effect was stronger for fungus than that for bacteria.


Dealing with unexpected changes in agricultural product prices that affect the farmers and the economic growth of a country is inevitable in the current day context. A unique approach is proposed for time-series prediction, which utilizes the power of crop price prediction and crop yield prediction of select crops to identify the relevant information with respect to the market prices, and crop yields. Many uncertain conditions such as climate changes, fluctuations in market, flooding, etc., cause problems to the agricultural process. In this work, the prices of selected essential crops analyzed for time-series prediction using meta-learning. The Self-Organized Map (S OM), LSTM (Long-Short Term Model), and this proposed Meta-Learning Based Adaptive Crop Price Prediction (MLACPP) was trained using crop price dataset, and crop yield dataset. Meta-learning function used in the approach utilizes the input, optimization-output, and task-related estimators for calculating meta-loss over multiple meta-network. The meta-learning with self-organizing capability learns a meta-network observing additional information from specialized support set. Moreover, this method deals with a task-oriented loss. Interestingly, it compares the current optimal-output of the optimization function g with the target-specific information. Experimental results show significant improvement in terms of prediction accuracy and cross-correlation entropy over the existing crop price prediction approaches. This research work provides the basis for making better decisions for price-fixing and crop yield maximization based on insights obtained from the dataset.


Summary. Clinical and laboratory data are presented for two patients with a dyshaematopoietic disorder, and monosomy 7 in their bone marrow cells. The first patient, a 55–year‐old woman, had been treated with chlorambucil for an ovarian carcinoma. After 4 years an oligoblastic myeloid leukaemia was diagnosed and she later died with an acute transformation of the disease. The second patient, a 21–year‐old male, has had a dyserythropoietic anaemia with transient pancytopenia for over 5 years without any signs of malignancy.


Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) represent as one of the most concrete progressive development so that it can be improved the strength, durability, reliability, and resilience of the concrete structures. The availability of local materials play the main role in the major step in making the economic mix jobs by saving their materials and effort and decrease the concrete cost. So in this paper, the parameters including the curing regimes, of sand gradation, binder type, and content, and steel fiber content were investigated to show their effect on concrete's compressive strength. The obtained results showed that the curing regime that consists of 5 days (2 days at 60°, 3 days at 80°) given the highest strength than other curing regimes. Finer sand, Silica Fume, steel fibers cause a considerable increasing in compression strength. Various relationship were obtained illustrating the effect of studied parameters with concrete strength.


In order to study colour signals as animals perceive them, visual ecologists usually rely on models of colour vision that do not consider patterns–the spatial arrangement of features within a signal. HMAX describes a family of models that are used to study pattern perception in human vision research, and which have inspired many artificial intelligence algorithms. In this article, we highlight that the sensory and brain mechanisms modelled in HMAX are widespread, occurring in most if not all vertebrates, thus offering HMAX models a wide range of applications in visual ecology. We begin with a short description of the neural mechanisms of pattern perception in vertebrates, emphasizing similarities in processes across species. Then, we provide a detailed description of HMAX, highlighting how the model is linked to biological vision. We further present sparse-HMAX, an extension of HMAX that includes a sparse coding scheme, in order to make the model even more biologically realistic and to provide a tool for estimating efficiency in information processing. In an illustrative analysis, we then show that HMAX performs better than two other reference methods (manually-positioned landmarks and the SURF algorithm) for estimating similarities between faces in a nonhuman primate species. This manuscript is accompanied with MATLAB codes of an efficient implementation of HMAX and sparse-HMAX that can be further flexibly parameterized to model non-human colour vision, with the goal to encourage visual ecologists to adopt tools from computer vision and computational neuroscience.


Two mathematical models of vacuum aspiration, being a method widely used in various branches of medicine, are considered. In particular, vacuum aspiration is an effective method of prostatitis therapy. The purpose of vacuum aspiration in this urological procedure is to destroy the plug, which clogs up the ill acinus. We analyze plausible physical mechanisms of purification of prostatic acini and ducts on the basis of two different models. A mechanical model is offered to describe the process of plug destruction during vacuum aspiration procedure. The majority of medical practitioners believe that the plug is extracted as a whole during such procedure. However, our theoretical research demonstrates that the sucking of a plug as a whole, previously viewed as the most likely mechanism, is not consistent with the experimental data. The second model implies non-uniform structure of the plug. The problem considered in the framework of the latter assumption belongs to self-organized criticality type of problems. This approach reveals the plug destruction dynamics which corresponds to essential clinical data.


The stock model and option pricing problem are central contents in modern finance. In this paper, generalized stock model for financial market is proposed and the European option pricing formula for the generalized stock model is computed.


This paper presents a highly efficient approach for performing positive real balanced truncation (PRBT) of single-input single-output (SISO) systems. The solution of two dual algebraic Riccati equations (AREs), whose high computational cost baffles conventional PRBT, is replaced with the solution of a cross-Riccati equation (CRE). The cross-Riccatian nature of the solution then allows simple construction of the projection matrices in PRBT. Application examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PRBT method over conventional schemes


Introduction: Beyond the Intelligence Cycle?, Mark Phythian 1. The Past and Future of the Intelligence Cycle, Michael Warner 2. From Intelligence Cycle to Web of Intelligence: Complexity and the Conceptualisation of Intelligence, Peter Gill & Mark Phythian 3. Peddling Hard: Further Questions about the Intelligence Cycle in the Contemporary Era, Julian Richards 4. The Intelligence Cycle is Dead, Long Live the Intelligence Cycle: Rethinking Intelligence Fundamentals for a New Intelligence Doctrine, Philip H. J. Davies, Kristian Gustafson & Ian Rigden 5. Defining the Role of Intelligence in Cyber: A Hybrid Push and Pull, Aaron Brantly 6. Beyond the Cycle of Intelligence-Led Policing, James Sheptycki 7. The Intelligence Cycle in the Corporate World: Bespoke or Off-the-Shelf, David Strachan-Morris 8. Is it Time to Move Beyond the Intelligence Cycle? A UK Practitioner Perspective, David Omand 9. Intelligence Theory: Seeking Better Models, Arthur S. Hulnick


Neutrophil concentration in the lung is approximately 60 times greater than in systemic blood (Hogg, 1987). This is a direct consequence of the delay experienced by a neutrophil when it encounters a vessel too small to pass through without first deforming. The process of deformation involves both the fluid dynamic forces and the resistance to deformation associated with neutrophil stiffness. This study develops a new model for flow in the pulmonary microcirculation to examine the distribution of pressure and how it is affected by local blockage by an entrapped neutrophil. The model, which accounts for anatomical and structural variability in the network, indicates that the pressure difference across a single capillary segment increases by ∼ 60% when obstructed. Changes in flow and pressure distribution are highly localized, however, due to the degree of interconnectedness exhibited by the network.


We employ a new numerical approximation technique for valuing multiple assets that are correlated. For any number of underlying variables, this procedure can simulate a set of correlated assets that follow geometric Brownian processes. In addition to the joint approximation of multiple series based on binomial lattices and Monte Carlo simulations, we introduce a straightforward extension of a structural lead-lag approach to capture the linear relationship between assets in the bid to improve computational accuracy on the proposed algorithm. We show that when applied to a series of correlated assets, the proposed algorithm is consistent, efficient and stable.


The aim of this work is to develop a new method to coat thermosensitive materials with a nanocomposite thin film. It is based on the coupling of an atmospheric pressure plasma and of an aerosol formed from a suspension of nanoparticules (Nps) in a liquid. The plasma dissociates the liquid molecules to create reactive species which interact with the NPs in the gas bulk or at the surface to make a nanostructured thin film. This method could work in roll to roll configuration and be therefore useful for inline coating of large twodimensional substrates like polymer films. The atmospheric pressure plasma is a low temperature plasma generated in argon at atmospheric pressure by a dielectric barrier discharge i.e. by applying an AC high voltage on electrodes separated by a gas gap and covered by a solid dielectric. It has been developed to create dense thin films by AP-PECVD (Atmospheric PressurePlasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition). High quality thin films like water or oxygen barriers [1] or antireflective and passivating layers of silicon crystalline solar cells [2] are obtained with this method. Usual precursors are gases or liquid vapour. The low temperature plasma activates these precursors which polymerize at the surface to form the thin film. The coating is uniform, dense but usually amorphous. Recently, the idea of using NPs as precursors came up [3]. One interest of NPs is that their large size as compared to that of liquid or gas molecules leads to high growth rate. Moreover, NPs synthesized by a method like sol-gel have well defined and controlled characteristics which cannot be so easily achieved using PECVD. If NPs and liquid are simultaneously introduced in the plasma, a nanocomposite thin film is obtained. The aim of this work is to improve the properties of the nanocomposite thin film through the control of the process parameters including the discharge voltage waveform. NPs in the plasma were characterized using laser scattering. Thin film were characterized by SEM, AFM, XRD, IRTF, XPS, and wettability. Calculation of NPs trajectories and numerical modelling of both gas flow and NPs transport in the gas were developed. The results were obtained as a function of the process parameters like gas flow, discharge voltage amplitude and frequency, NPs or NPs aggregate size, charge and sticking coefficient to the substrate. These results allow to better understand the experimental measurements and to optimise the process parameters required to achieve specific nanocomposite thin film characteristics. The NPs are TiO2 NPs of 20 nm diameter. A percentage of 1% of weight is dispersed in isopropanol. The aerosol is made with a nebulizer or an atomizer. The liquid of the droplets is evaporated before entering the plasma. All the NPs are included in a droplet aggregates. Isopropanol vapours and NPs aggregates having a size between 100 nm and 2 μm are injected in the plasma using an argon stream. The observation of the thin film shows NPs aggregates sticked together or inserted in a carbon matrix. Porosity can be significantly changed. Depending on conditions, NPs aggregates are more or less coated by a carbon film. This was previously observed in the case of ZnO NPs in octane or octadienne, the hierarchical roughness leading to super hydrophobic organic-inorganic nanocomposite thin film [3]. Our contribution deals with the explanation and control of the thin film characteristics. According to XPS measurements, up to 17% of TiO2 is included in the carbon matrix made from isopropanol polymerization [4]. An original method to independently enhance the NPs transport to the surface and the dissociation rate of the vapour is found. It is based on the design of a special voltage waveform. The use of a given frequency enables to first control the TiO2 percentage while a second frequency allows to control the NPs aggregates coating and the porosity of the nanocomposite thin film. The higher is the discharge frequency and thus the discharge power, the larger is the liquid dissociation rate. In addition, the NPs aggregates become rapidly negatively charged in the plasma and the electrostatic force controls their transport to the surface as far as the frequency is low enough. If the frequency gets too high, the electrical field oscillation traps the NPS aggregates in the plasma. Consequently, there existsa threshold frequency above which NPs are trapped.


The structure of demethylchodatin, a xanthone from the lichen Lecanora pachysoma, has been established by X-ray analysis of the corresponding triacetate derivative. Crystals of demethylchodatin triacetate are monoclinic, P 21/a, a 10.120(3), b 11.278(3), c 19.173(4) Ǻ, β 94.68(3)°; Z 4. Refinement of 1411 data with I > 3σ(I) gave conventional R factors of 0.041 and 0.033.


Corpora come in various shapes and sizes and play an essential role in facilitating Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, the availability of corpora specialized for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) related tasks is limited. The study is aimed to discover how the size of a corpus influence the performance of our Deep Neural Network (DNN) model developed for contradiction detection in medical literature. We explored the potential of the EBM Summarizer corpus by Mollá and Santiago-Martínez, a medium-sized corpus to be used with our contradiction detection model. The dataset preparation involves the filtering of open-ended questions, duplicates of claims, and vague claims. As a result, two datasets were created with the claim input represented by sniptext in one dataset and longtext in the other. Experiments were conducted with varying numbers of hidden layers and units of the model using different datasets. The performance of the DNN model was recorded and compared with the result of using a small-sized corpus. It was found that the DNN model performance did not improve even after it was trained with a larger dataset derived from the medium-sized corpus. The factors may include the limitation of the DNN model itself and the quality of the datasets.


A mobile Ad Hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile terminals that are able to dynamically form a temporary network without any aid from fixed infrastructure or Centralized administration. In Large scale Ad Hoc networks the terminal mobility may cause radio links to be broken frequently. With reactive protocol such as AODV, This leads to increase in end-to-end delay, packet dropping rate and can reduce the packet delivery rate. In view of such disadvantages, we propose a new Algorithm which introduces a mechanism of link failure prediction and accordingly perform a rapid local route repair. Simulation results shows that a new algorithm reduces end-to-end delay and packet dropping rate and increases packet delivery rate.


Sound proof canopies for diesel power generators are fabricated with a layer of sound absorbing material applied to all the inner walls. The physical properties of the majority of commercially available sound proofing materials reveal that a material with high sound absorption coefficient has very low thermal conductivity. Consequently a good sound absorbing material is also a good heat insulator. In this research it has been found through various experiments that ordinary sound proofing materials tend to rise the inside temperature of sound proof enclosure in certain turbo engines by capturing the heat produced by engine and not allowing it to be transferred to atmosphere. The same phenomenon is studied by creating a finite element model of the sound proof enclosure and performing a steady state and transient thermal analysis. The prospects of using aluminium foam as sound proofing material has been studied and it is found that inside temperature of sound proof enclosure can be cut down to safe working temperature of power generator engine without compromise on sound proofing.


The assay results showed that the ultimate mortality of 1~6 days old larvae was all up to 100% after 9~10 days infections of EoNPV. Initial death date and LT 50 of 1~6 days old larvae was marlcedly different. The sequence of LT 50 was: 1 days age5 days age4 days age2 days age3 days age6 days age.


The clinical and molecular investigation of familial neoplasia has provided important insight into the molecular mechanisms of neoplasia and enhanced the clinical management of affected individuals and their at-risk relatives across a broad range of human neoplasias. For most tumour types, only a


Abstract A new approach for manipulating Forrester diagram (FD) in system dynamics is introduced. The FD is defined by attributed graphs so as to apply the approach. Three basic algorithms are proposed to perform this work and an illustrative example is given to verify the result.


The largest health board in the Republic of Ireland has launched an action plan to tackle waiting lists. Fifty three per cent of patients on Irish waiting lists are in the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA), which includes Dublin.

Specialties with the longest waiting lists are orthopaedics; ear, nose, and throat; ophthalmology; plastic surgery, and vascular surgery. Overall, 40% of patients on lists have been waiting more than a year for …


A pulsed Schlieren system based on Raman-Nath scattering by ultrasonic waves in water is described. High powered, monochromatic infrared pulsed light is used in conjunction with axial optics and a video camera to visualize the acoustic field. Projection beam profiles in any plane parallel or orthogonal to the direction of acoustic propagation are demonstrated. Controlled delay between acoustic pulse and light flash allows scrutinizing wave fronts at variable delay after launching. The method is applicable with reasonable repetition rates to broadband acoustic pulses with intensities in the medical diagnostic range. Quantification of the pressure density by analysis of the video signal is shown using a single-point calibration against a total acoustic power measurement by the force balance method, without a priori assumptions about the beam structure.<<ETX>>


With the frequent disputes over the evaluation of teachers' professional title in public universities,the standardized operation of the teachers' professional title evaluation in public universities has become a new problem faced by public universities and the government.Public universities should focus on improving the self-regulation mechanism for the teachers' professional title evaluation.The government should take guidance and cooperation as the principles and replace the traditional approval model with flexible supervision.Judicial review should intervene in the teachers' professional title evaluation in public universities to protect the rights and interests of teachers, but the academic autonomy of universities should be respected.


BCI (brain computer interface) technology relies on the accurate identification of key anatomical areas to place sensors for effective biofeedback control or monitoring. In motor control applications, these challenges can include identifying brain areas that respond considerably differently to resting state versus limb motion tasks or real motion versus imaginary motion. The eLORETA (exact low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) source localization algorithm is a potent technique to pinpoint cortical areas using brain signals but it has not yet been applied for motor control applications. In a pilot study, we analyzed human EEG (electroencephalography) during real and imagined movements of upper and lower limbs using the eLORETA algorithm after computing eight selected spectral EEG measures. For certain tasks and movement types, we observed statistically significant differences (p<;.001) in spectral measures. Subsequently, we performed pattern classification to discern real vs. imaginary movement in the eLORETA brain areas as a proof of principle for BCI uses.


The purposes of this research are: 1) to know the differences bucket kick exercise and tube kick exercise on breast stroke skill, 2) to know the differences between bucket kick exercise and tube kick exercise for the students having high leg muscle power on breast stroke skill, 3) to know the differences between bucket kick exercise and tube kick exercise for the students having low leg muscle power on breast stroke skill, and 4) to know the interaction between types of exercise and the leg muscle power on breast stroke skills. The sample for this research is 44 students. The method of research is experimental with 2X2 factorial design. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test and the level of significance is set at 0.05. Results showed that there is a difference between bucket kick and tube kick exercises on breast stroke skill, bucket kick exercise is better than tube kick for the students having high leg muscle power on breast stroke skill, tube kick exercise is better than bucket kick exercise for the students having low leg muscle power on breast stroke skill, and, there is an interaction between the type of exercise and the leg muscle power towards breast stroke skill.


Citation for published item: Jiang, Lijun and Lung, Hong Lok and Huang, Tao and Lan, Rongfeng and Zha, Shuai and Chan, Lai Sheung and Thor, Waygen and Tsoi, Tik-Hung and Chau, Ho-Fai and Borestr om, Cecilia and Cobb, Steven L. and Tsao, Sai Wah and Bian, Zhao-Xiang and Law, Ga-Lai and Wong, Wing-Tak and Tai, William Chi-Shing and Chau, Wai Yin and Du, Yujun and Tang, Lucas Hao Xi and Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing and Middeldorp, Jaap M. and Lo, Kwok-Wai and Mak, Nai Ki and Long, Nicholas J. and Wong, Ka-Leung (2019) 'Reactivation of Epstein Barr virus by a dual-responsive uorescent EBNA1-targeting agent with Zn2+-chelating function.', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences., 116 (52). pp. 26614-26624.


The present work focuses on gaseous thermochemical treatment of stainless steel parts produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Specifically, high temperature solution nitriding (HTSN) and low temperature surface nitriding (LTSN) of SLM 316L stainless steel samples are investigated. The cellular structure and the fusion-boundaries present in the as-printed SLM 316L stainless steel are removed by austenitisation and HTSN treatment. The treatments result in a homogenization of the printed microstructure and a lower bulk hardness compared to the as printed state. Due to the continued presence of elongated austenite grains, the removal of the cellular structure is attributed to recovery and/or elemental homogenisation. LTSN was performed successfully on SLM samples after both austenitisation and HTSN, resulting in a hardened layer consisting of expanded austenite. Pre-treatment with HTSN leads to a thicker case and higher hardness as compared to austenitisation as a pre-treatment.


To prevent lifestyle diseases, portable heartbeat detection systems by electrocardiograms (ECGs) for daily life monitoring have attracted attentions. For portable systems, power consumption is critical and it is thus beneficial to reduce the sampling frequency at the point of acquisition. Recent developed variable pulsewidth finite rate of innovation (VPW-FRI) framework provides an effective way for low-rate sampling and compression of ECG signals. Unfortunately, noise and model mismatch will induce inaccuracies to such scheme in the reconstruction process. In this article, a sub-Nyquist sampling scheme based on the extension of VPW model is proposed for ECG signals, which reduce the model dismatch error, and improve the reconstruction quality under model mismatch and noise scenario. In the proposed scheme, ECG signal is modeled as the differentiated VPW model to reduce the model mismatch error. Then a FRI sampling framework based on the differentiated VPW model is proposed to sample the ECG signal at a sub-Nyquist rate. After the ECG signal is sampled, some consecutive Fourier series coefficients are calculated according to the samples. Then a modified annihilating filter algorithm is proposed to estimate parameters of the ECG signal and reconstruct the ECG signal. Finally, simulation experiments with real ECG signals from Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) Arrhythmia Database have shown that the proposed scheme outperformed the traditional methods for model mismatch. The signal-to-residual ratio (SRR) of the reconstructed signal of the proposed scheme is higher than that of the VPW-FRI scheme.


isual artists, trying to find an audience for their work and a way to make a living, often turn to the gallery system. Most of the time, galleries provide a wonderful forum for artists and art dealers, allowing artists to display and sell their works, while the gallery staff handles the marketing, accounting, and customer service part of the business. However, mismanagement, misappropriation, or economic downturn can undo even large and previously successful galleries, often resulting in bankruptcy. As several pro bono attorneys discovered in a recent case in Massachusetts, the rights of artists and art dealers in cases of gallery failure are neither sensible nor predictable. Bankruptcy laws and regulations already have an unusual twist when it comes to consigned goods. Add to this the difficult task of valuing art (with its subjective appeal and resale value) and the usual lack of funds left at the end of a bankruptcy and you have a legal and practical nightmare that requires creative legal thinking and problem solving. To prevent that nightmare from occuring, both artists and art


Aging progressively modifies the physiological balance of the organism increasing susceptibility to both genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. These changes include epigenetic chromatin remodeling events that may modify gene transcription. However, how aging interconnects with disease-causing genes is not well known. Here, we found that Su(var)3-9 causes increased methylation of histone H3K9 in the promoter region of TDP-43, the most frequently altered factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affecting the mRNA and protein expression levels of this gene through epigenetic modifications in chromatin organization that appear to be conserved in aged Drosophila brains, mouse and human cells. Remarkably, augmented Su(var)3-9 activity causes a decrease in TDP-43 expression followed by early defects in locomotor activities. In contrast, decreasing Su(var)3-9 action promotes higher levels of TDP-43 expression and reinvigorates motility parameters in old flies, uncovering a novel role of this enzyme in regulating TDP-43 expression and locomotor senescence. The data indicate how conserved epigenetic mechanisms may link aging with neuronal diseases and suggest that Su(var)3-9 may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS.


Subject. This article discusses the importance of self-development of regions for the country's economy.
Objectives. The article aims to identify the reasons for the decline in interest in the idea of self-development of regions and search for approaches to its mainstreaming.
Methods. For the study, I used statistical and analog procedure approaches.
Results. The article names and describes the main factors hindering the self-development of the Russian Federation regions.
Conclusions. It is necessary to change the strategy of the political and economic infrastructure arrangement of the country to promote a model implying that strong regions do construct the basis of a strong center and power of the country. The methodological approaches to encouraging the regions to switch over to the self-development mode should be adjusted.


The main goal of this paper is to research how different methodological procedures in music education influences achievement motivation in piano students during music teaching. Research is based on Atribution theory elaborated by Bernard Weiner and its adaptation for the music students, made by Edward P. Asmus. We have researched the difference in achievement motivation among piano students from two music schools in Zagreb: the Elly Bašić Music School (EBMS) with a Functional music pedagogy (FMP) curriculum and another music school with the traditional teaching method. Results of the research have shown that EBMS students in comparison with students from standard music school attribute their results achieved to a larger extent to attributing factors: effort, classroom environment and sensitivity to music. Their motivation is stronger since they have a higher ability selfconcept, are more devoted to music, have a better relationship with the music school and with the music school in comparison to other extracurricular activities.


A filter assembly, the filter assembly comprises a filter body, the filter can be removed and the bypass valve having a cylinder portion and a non-incineration incineration portion. The bypass valve comprises a valve seat and a movable valve closing part which is movable with the valve closing parts can be removable filter cartridge is removed is removed and incinerated. The bypass valve will remain contained in the filter body of the return member. It is also provided a method for controlling the bypass valve opening threshold pressure.


The stabilizing effect of linseed gum in ice cream were studied by measuring the expansion ratio, melting resistance, and texture of ice cream under different concentrations of linseed gum and other ingredients. The experimental results showed that the linseed gum could effectively improve the quality of ice cream products.


Aim Perioperative pro-/synbiotic therapy is widely used in surgical patients to reduce infections and enhance recovery. However, it remains controversial when used in colorectal surgery. We performed this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of perioperative pro-/synbiotic in colorectal surgery. Methods After the literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on randomized controlled trials. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed. The main outcomes included total postoperative infectious complications, pneumonia, wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, urinary infection and length of hospital stay. Results: Thirteen trials (total, 1301 patients) were included based on the criteria. Perioperative pro-/synbiotic administration was associated with a significant reduction in total postoperative infectious complications (RR 0.58, 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.73, P < 0.00001), pneumonia (RR 0.31, 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.66, P = 0.003), wound infection (RR 0.66, 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.88 P = 0.005) and length of hospital stay (WMD -1.97, 95% CI, -3.44 to -0.50, P = 0.009) in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. No significant differences were found in the incidence of intra-abdominal abscess or urinary infection. Conclusion: Perioperative pro-/synbiotic administration in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery appeared to improve clinical outcomes. Use of multiple trains should be recommended in future clinical practices.


Introduction: Dedicated pacing modes, such as AAIsafeR, prevent ventricular (V) pacing in selected patients. We report our experience in consecutive unselected patients.


To the Editor.— I found the article "Amelanotic Lentigo Maligna" by John M. Burket, MD, in the April 1979Archives(115:496) quite interesting. I just question the title of the article. Since the lesion described proved to be a melanoma, should not the title have been "Amelanotic Lentigo Maligna Melanoma"?


Abstract The stability of the wind-driven ocean circulation to finite amplitude perturbations is explored. Sufficient conditions for stability, in the kinetic energy norm, are determined for steady solutions of the quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation on a midlatitude β-plane. In addition, the spatial pattern of the perturbation which is able to extract energy from the flow just above criticality is determined (the most energetic disturbance). The energy stability bounds are computed numerically, by using a continuation method to follow branches of steady states in parameter space, energy identities and calculus of variations. It is found that wind-driven single gyre flows are more stable than double gyre flows. For zero bottom friction and slip meridional boundaries, the most energetic disturbance is a single cell basin-wide flow. No-slip conditions at the meridional boundaries stabilize the double gyre flow and modify the structure of the most energetic disturbance to a multicellular one. Bot...


This paper proposes an approach to facilitate the identification of actual input manipulation vulnerabilities via automated testing based on static analysis. We implemented a prototype of a SQL injection vulnerability detection tool, SQLUnitGen, which we compared to a static analysis tool, FindBugs. The evaluation results show that our approach can be used to locate precise vulnerable locations of source code and help to identify false positives that are caused by static analysis tools.


THE HOSPITAL medical staff has the overall professional responsibility for the quality of all medical care provided to patients and for the ethical conduct and professional practices of its members. It must be accountable to the governing body, which, by virtue of applicable statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions, bears ultimate legal responsibility for the quality of care provided in the hospital. One of the greatest concerns of an industrial society is the establishment of quality-assurance programs, which when lacking may be the primary cause for its downfall. Industry is spending what seems to be a large amount of time and money on quality-assurance programs such as passenger safety by the airline industry. The health industry cannot and should not deviate from this direction; it has to institute quality-assurance programs for patient safety. The hospital must demonstrate a consistent endeavor to provide patient care that is optimal within available resources and


We can better measure the contributions of the Spanish travelers and historians who penetrated the jungles of the Chaco, crossed the pampas of the Plata region, scaled the Andes and followed the course of the Amazon, the Orinoco and the Paraná if we pause to consider that the vast American continent, even today, presents great, physical barriers to research. Most of the works here studied are the direct result of firsthand observation. An appreciable number, however, do not fall into this category. All of them, nevertheless, offer a rich variety of themes for they abound in descriptions of the land and climate of the United States, the region of the Californias, Mexico, Venezuela, the Guianas, the Gran Chaco, the lands of the Orinoco, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, the countries of the Río de la Plata and the region of the Strait of Magellan. Interest in the flora and fauna of America, so prevalent during this century, is reflected in the numerous chapters devoted to detailed descriptions of plant and animal life. The study of the natural history of America, which had absorbed the interest of so many Spanish writers in preceding centuries, enjoyed a remarkable development under royal patronage during the eighteenth century. The scientific missions sent to America by the Spanish Crown, resulted in the monumental works of Hipólito Ruiz and José Pavón, Florae peruvianae et chilensis prodromus (1794) of which only three of twelve manuscript volumes have been published; Martín Sessé, Flora mexicana, unpublished, and the unpublished Flora de Santa Fe de Bogotá of José Celestino Mutis whom Baron Humboldt called the illustrious patriarch of American botanists.


Psychological Abstracts was used to identify 1,161 history-of-psychology publications that appeared between 1975 and 1986. Information was obtained from each publication on the type of history (biographical, institutional, etc.), its historiography, the historical period that had been studied, and the quantitativeness of results. We found that the literature was mostly presentist in style and that the nineteenth and twentieth centuries received the bulk of attention. Publications that adopted an internalist perspective greatly outnumbered those with an externalist perspective. Quantitative methods were infrequently used. Results are discussed in reference to historiographic recommendations that had accompanied the institutionalization of the history of psychology in the late 1960s


We report the case of a 22-y-old female with Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome who experienced sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at night, witnessed by her mother. Healthcare professionals performed standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation while waiting for the arrival of the mobile emergency unit. Spontaneous circulation returned after 10 min. There was no spontaneous ventilation, and the mobile-unit physician performed endotracheal intubation without succinylcholine (suxamethonium), given the possibility of hyperkalaemia, and started an intravenous infusion of isotonic saline. The heart rate was then 110 beats/min, blood pressure 140/ 80 mmHg, and SpO2 was 99% with manual ventilation and 100% FiO2. No anaesthetic was needed. Bilateral mydriasis with abolition of the pupillary reflexes was noted. Corneal, orbicularis, oculocardiac, and oculocephalic reflexes were absent. The rest of the physical examination was normal. Electrocardiography showed tachycardia and sinus ectopy with a normal axis and no bundle branch block. The mother reported that her daughter had Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, which had been diagnosed in Tunis 10 years earlier and caused bilateral weakness of the neck and trapezius muscles, as well as bilateral deafness. She had no known respiratory insufficiency and was not receiving treatment. The patient and her mother had arrived in France the day before after an uneventful trip. The patient had started experiencing dyspnoea on arrival about 10 hours earlier. There was no history of chest pain. Findings were normal from investigations for a cause carried out in the intensive care unit and including biochemistry, assays for toxic substances, and investigations for cardiovascular disease and pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis was acute respiratory failure with anoxic cardiac arrest complicating Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome. The electroencephalogram showed severely altered cerebral activity. Myoclonus developed within a few hours. Permissive hypothermia was initiated but stopped on the next day, given the poor neurological prognosis. She died one week later with pneumonia. This case not only illustrates the diagnostic challenges raised by Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome in the emergency setting, but also demonstrates that failure to prevent the complications of this orphan disease can cause death. Fewer than 50 cases of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome have been reported. The first case was described in 1894. Features include bilateral severe hearing loss and palsies of the motor components of the 7th and 9th to 12th cranial nerves (1). Transmission is autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked, and sporadic cases occur (2). Respiratory failure develops slowly and is the main cause of death (3,4). Prevention of respiratory failure can be achieved using elective non-invasive ventilation (5). Introini et al. described the advantages of intensive treatment of respiratory failure and diaphragm paralysis in a patient with BrownVialetto-Van Laere syndrome at risk for ventilatory arrest (6). Our case is the first detailed report of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome with sudden cardiac arrest. It shows that life-threatening respiratory failure can develop either at an early stage of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome or after a period with unrecognized chronic respiratory failure. In our patient, the trip from Tunisia to France without medical assistance suggests a lack of effective medical management.


This paper's focus is on the extremely rapid expansion of educational enrollments that occurred throughout the world between 1950 and 1970. The universal expansion of education during this period led us to construct diffusion models and to explain this process as a consequence of the population characteristics of educational systems. Estimates of these models show that such a self-generating process explains much of the variation in educational expansion. We then test the effect of economic, political, and social characteristics of countries on educational expansion. The results show that cross-national differences in levels of economic, political, and social development do not explain much of this massive post-war expansion of educational systems. Rather, between 1950 and 1970, education has expanded everywhere as a function of the available population to be educated and of the level of education existing in 1950. We conclude by speculating that the causes of this expansion lie in characteristics of the contemporary world system, since such characteristics would affect all nations simultaneously.


In order to get few vetices and 3D faces,patche-based method is used for gridded-resampling, which decides the sampling density automatically over the face patches by analyzing each patch's curvature.The method produces nonuniform mesh and achieves the point-to-point correspondence of different 3D faces.The experimental results show that the method is not only able to reduce the number of mesh vetices of 3D face after resampling,but it can also keep the similarity of geometry and appearance well.And the perfor- mance of the face model constructed by nonuniform resampling is higher than that constructed by uniform resampling.


Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is a crop of immense economic importance and is grown worldwide. Its fruit is of great nutritional importance as it forms a major part of human diet. Global production of tomato has been estimated at over 153 million metric tonnes in 2009. Consumption of tomato is believed to benefit the heart among other things, as it contains lycopene, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. The present study was conducted to find the effect of multiple stresses; salt, mannitol, drought and methyl jasmonate on fruit quality of tomato as determined by the evaluation of the content of lycopene, beta-carotene, sucrose and total phenolics. Levels of antioxidants in the tomato after exposure to different stresses during the mature green stage of fruit development were assessed at the Rice Genomics laboratory in the Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences at the University of Arkansas, USA. Seeds of the tomato cultivar M82 were germinated in the dark for 48 hours. The seedlings were then transplanted into commercial potting soil before being transferred to the greenhouse. The plants were watered every other day until the mature green stage of fruit development (85-90 days post germination). The plants were then divided into five groups and treated with 200mM NaCl, 200 mM mannitol, drought, 100 μM methyl jasmonate and tap water for a period of 72 hours. Afterwards, the stress treatments were removed and fruits allowed to ripen. After ripening the fruits were assayed for lycopene, beta-carotene, phenolics and sucrose content. Tomato plants ( S. lycopersicum ) subjected to salt stress showed the highest increase in lycopene (2.8x) while for other stresses the increase was by 1.1-1.2x. Beta-carotene content was increased by 2.5-2.7x after salt and drought stress were applied. The highest level of phenolic compounds (2.3x) was observed after treatment with methyl jasmonate. Salt stress increased the sucrose content by 3.2x. Thus the application of stress at the mature green stage of fruit development leads to an increase in bioactive compounds in tomato. This condition has the potential for production of enhanced fruit quality in tomato. Keywords: Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), stress, antioxidant compounds, lycopene, beta-carotene, sucrose, phenolics


More and more GPS collected travel data is being shared via the internet. This is especially true with outdoor adventure travel including hiking. This research seeks to ascertain if this data can be used in the development of a predictive hiking speed model accounting for terrain variations. Fifty-two hikes represented by global positioning system (GPS) data were downloaded from an outdoor adventure travel web site to be used in the study. After identifying gross data errors several hikes were eliminated leaving 40 hikes which were used in the development of a hiking model. Regression analysis was carried out using slope and speed as the independent and dependent variables respectively. Two exponential curves were identified to model the slope – speed relationships in the GPS data, one for up slope travel and one for down slope travel. The study model developed and other speed slope models were loosely compared to observed travel times in nine additional GPS collected hikes. Spatial scale and spatial dependency in the GPS dataset was also examined in the process of the study. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) was performed on the GPS data of a single hike. Results indicated a better fit than classical regression analysis. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed on the residual values of the GWR. The results of the spatial autocorrelation analysis on the residuals of the GWR model on one hike showed that they are spatially dependent, which implied that other factors such as GPS accuracy impact the slope-speed model.


ACM Multimedia has traditionally been instrumental with its technical program to shape the field and give new directions for established conferences. Before the conference last year, the Special Interest Group on Multimedia (SIG MM) Chair Larry Rowe organized a strategic retreat to assess the current state of multimedia research and suggest directions for future research. The major observation is that research in the past decade has significantly advanced hardware and software support for distributed multimedia applications and that future research should focus on identifying and delivering applications that impact users in the real-world. The retreat suggested the community focus on solving three grand challenges: 1) make authoring complex multimedia titles as easy as using a word processor or drawing program, 2) make interactions with remote people and environments nearly the same as interactions with local people and environments, and 3) make capturing, storing, finding, and using digital media an everyday occurrence in our computing environment. We hope that the discussions and conclusions of the retreat have influenced this year's program.

This year we have quite a rich technical program including long papers, short papers, technical demonstrations, video program, panels, doctoral symposium, introducing brave new topics, open software competition, and the interactive art program. We are enthusiastic about the conference keynote speech by Gordon Bell, about the new relevance for multimedia when we record everything personal -- continuously.

The technical program this year introduced a double blind review process. Each of the submitted 331 full (long) papers was reviewed by three reviewers. The technical program committee met on June 19, 2004 in New York. We gratefully acknowledge the technical program committee members and reviewers (see list later in the proceedings) for their important work. The review process culminated in acceptance of 55 papers: 30 in the Multimedia analysis, processing, and retrieval track (out of 166), 12 papers in the Multimedia networking and system support track (out of 82) and 13 papers in the Multimedia tools, end-systems, and applications track (out of 83). We would like to thank technical program chairs, Rainer Lienhart, Sue Moon and Angela Sasse for their hard and dedicated work.

The short paper track chairs Svetha Venkatesh and Brian Bailey did an outstanding job this year. They received a record number of 158 papers and selected 71 papers for the final program. We owe a debt of gratitude to the conference track chairs for an amazing collection of events: to Yong Rui and Jon Crowcroft for a diverse and topical offering of tutorials, to Frank Nack for chairing and getting support for the video program, to Chitra Dorai and Tat-Seng Chua for expanding the Workshops program, to Michael Vernick and Jim Griffioen for a great selection of exciting demonstrations, to Hari Sundaram and Paal Halvorsen for an engaging doctoral symposium program, to Susanne Boll for rounding up people to debate in great panel sessions. Lynn Wilcox and Dick Bulterman did a splendid job on introducing the brave new topics track and we hope that this will invigorate the quest for new areas. Great thanks to the best open-source software competition chairs Ketan Mayer-Patel and Roger Zimmermann for establishing evaluation process and promoting a rewarding and high impact practice for the entire community to share the tangible output of our research.


Robert Kilwardby (d.1279) occupies an important place in the history of logic, and the history of western thought more generally. Perhaps best known to scholars for his Oxford condemnations of 1277...


The Meaning of Cause and Prevent: The Role of Causal Mechanism Clare R. Walsh (firstname.lastname@example.com) School of Psychology, University of Plymouth Plymouth, PL4 8AA, U.K. Steven A. Sloman (email@example.com) Department of Cognitive & Linguistic Sciences, Brown University Box 1978, RI 02912 USA A second theory is based on the idea that a cause involves a process of transmission or exchanges along a causal pathway from cause to effect. This idea can be found in generative theories of causation in philosophy (e.g., Dowe, 2000; Salmon, 1984) and psychology (e.g., Shultz, 1982). Abstract What is a cause? Some theories propose that A causes B if A's occurrence makes a difference to B's occurrence in one way or another. Other theories propose that A causes B if some quantity or symbol gets passed in some way from A to B. The aim of our studies is to compare these theories' ability to explain judgments of causation and prevention. We compare judgments for causal paths that involve a mechanism, i.e., a continuous process of transmission or exchange from cause to effect, against paths that involve no mechanism but nevertheless a change in the cause brings about a change in the effect. We describe three experiments which show that people are more likely to make attributions of causation when there is a mechanism but attributions of prevention when the mechanism is interrupted. "Make a Difference" Theories of Causation Causal Attribution A number of theories of causation incorporate the notion that a cause is something that makes a difference to the effect, without regard to how the effect is brought about. According to Hume, people infer causation from the regular co-occurrence of distinct events (Hume, 1739/1960) even though this practice cannot ultimately be justified. The great problem of induction according to Hume is that past experience cannot be used to justify prediction without incoherence or circularity. Nevertheless, past experience is all we have and is, therefore, what we use. More recent proposals about how we know that causes make a difference to their effects include counterfactual and manipulability theories. They also assume that causation can be judged without appealing to the mode of operation of a specific causal mechanism. Counterfactual theories of causation propose that causation can be defined in terms of a counterfactual conditional. In other words, it is the case that "event c caused event e" provided that "if c hadn't occurred then e wouldn't have occurred" in the closest possible world to our own (e.g., Lewis, 1973). Using a related idea, manipulability theories propose that "event c causes event e" provided that if I manipulate or intervene in a particular way that involves changing c, then this should change e also (e.g., Halpern & Pearl, 2001; Pearl, 2000). Rather than relying on the notion of a closest possible world, Pearl (2000) proposes that an intervention to change "c" leads to a counterfactual in which the consequences of "c" are changed but its causes are left unchanged. These approaches capture many of our intuitions, for example, it seems to make sense to say that the alarm not going off caused me to be late, provided that if the alarm had gone off I wouldn't have been late. Despite this, several major difficulties have emerged for counterfactual theories over the years. One important difficulty is that they can lead to the wrong prediction in cases where the outcome is over- determined, that is, where more than one cause occurred and each alone would have been sufficient to produce the outcome. One of these situations occurs in cases of "pre- emption." For example, imagine both Billy and Suzy throw Causal attributions are central to our ability to make sense of the world and to explain events as well as to plan for the future. Events tend to be preceded by many influences and, in one sense of the word, each is a "cause"; however, in making a judgment, people are selective in choosing only some events as causal. For example, if I slip on the pavement, I may attribute cause to the fact that there was ice-cream on the pavement or to the person that dropped it there. I am unlikely to attribute cause to other events in the causal sequence, to the fact that I bought ice cream or to my decision to follow that particular route. Our aim is to examine how people decide whether an event caused or prevented a particular outcome. The answer for "cause" and "prevent" may or may not be the same. The statement "c prevented e" may be equivalent in meaning to "c caused not e" as Goldvarg & Johnson-Laird (2001) argue. However, the statements may differ in both their semantics and their pragmatic implications. For instance, people may consider different possibilities in making judgments regarding each (Mandel & Lehman, 1996). Attributions of causation and prevention may also be distinct in the type of linkage they require between events. One theory of cause is based on the idea that a cause is something which makes a difference to the effect. This idea is found in regularity theories (Hume, 1739/1960) as well as probabilistic (Reichenbach, 1938; Suppes, 1970), counterfactual (e.g., Lewis, 1986) and manipulability theories of causation (e.g., Pearl, 2000; Woodward, 2003).


Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are widespread in aquatic environments, which pose a huge threat on the survival of humans and animals, as well as the proliferation of species. Different treatment methods, such as physical, chemical and biolgocial ones were summarized. Removal of EDCs by adsorption onto activated carbon and membrane seperation are normal methods with high EDCs removal efficiency. After utilization, saturated activated carbon is needed to be regenerated, decreasing its application in EDCs treatment. Removal efficiency of EDCs by membrane separation technology is affected by the physical and chemical properties of EDCs and the characteristics of membrane and other factors. The key factor of the removal of EDCs by chemical advanced oxidation is the choice of oxidant. O3 and UV/H2O2 are considered to be more acceptable than chlorine since chlorinated byproducts are inevitable after oxidation. The removal efficiency of degradation,operating conditions and evaluation methods were analyzed in biological treatment technology. Activated sludge process and trickling filter were studied, showing that the activated sludge process got the highest estrogenic removal. The removal efficiency of biodegradation was affected by the type of the treatment process, hydraulic residence time, sludge age, temperature,dissolved oxygen and other factors. Because of the limitations of chemical analysis, it is better to evaluate EDCs removal with bioassay method. Biological treatment combined with other technologies is recommended for the removal of EDCs in future application.


Polemic is underappreciated as a form of scientific discourse, but it can serve a really important function. Unfettered by the need for balance, and often using language that is more emotive than would normally be seen in academic writing, authors can work in broad strokes to ruffle the feathers of the received wisdom of orthodox thinkers in ways that get them asking new questions. It can also help clarify the thinking of both those sympathetic to their cause and those opposed. In this sense the piece by Lahey et al. (2022; LTK), three of the most eminent researchers in our field, is great and glorious polemic. The mission of these scientific collosi—and there could be none more consequential—is nothing less than the complete overthrow of the categorical diagnostic system as set out in DSM and ICD. A system that up to this day dominates psychiatry and clinical psychology research and practice. For the authors much of their assault on the psychiatric status quo is based on rather dry and dusty statistical assertions; mental health and neuro‐developmental conditions are better characterised as dimensions rather than categories (reason 1); that, as a result, dimensional measures are more reliable (reason 2) and valid (reason 3); that dimensional systems deal better with the heterogeneity within and the overlap between different disorder classes (reason 4) or the way they change overtime (reason 6). However, their real passion, it seems to me, is reserved for when they talk of their antagonism towards the medical model. They argue that this is more than bad because it reifies difference as disorder or diseases and reinforces notions that young people suffering mental health and neuro‐developmental problems have a 'sick brain or mind'. Crucially they see these medical models as perpetuating stigma and prejudice to which young people with mental health and neuro‐developmental conditions are often exposed. This they argue has the potential to worsen their suffering and reduce the chances of engagement with effective support, help and/or treatment. The abandonment of the medical model is the real 'end' here, the over‐turning of categorical diagnostic systems the 'means'. This is powerful and moving stuff. Of course, given its polemic purpose it's no surprise that it raises many vital questions that to my knowledge have not yet been fully resolved—in this way it does a great job in stimulating our thinking about what types of research needs to be undertaken before the change LTK want, can be implemented. Example questions include the following. Does diagnosis necessarily always increase stigma? Does a dimensional system handle heterogeneity and overlap better than a categorical one? Are there biological subtypes of conditions (starting to be identified, but yet to be formally classified) that would meet the statistical criteria for categories? Will replacing the concept of 'mental disorder' with the concept of 'psychological problems' lead to a trivialising or minimising of the impact of the chronic and serious conditions it is intended to characterise? Are the same dimensional concepts valuable for all psychological problems/ mental disorders equally? What would the core problem/disorder dimensions be? Important as providing answers to these and related questions is, in this commentary I will rather cut straight to what I believe is the question that captures the nub of the issue on which the LTK manifesto stands or falls. Can clinical decision making about complex psychological conditions ever be anything other than categorical in nature—driven as it is by practical


Lycium barbarum polysaccharide is a natural functional component which has a variety of biological activities. The composition and apoptosis inducing activities on human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide fraction (LBP1) was investigated. The results showed that LBP1 consisted of neutral sugars, uronic acid and protein. LBP1 was composed of three kinds of monosaccharides including mannose, galactose and glucose. The molecule weight of LBP1 was 367 KDa. SMMC-7721 cells were cultured in the presence of LBP1 at various concentrations (50-400 mg/L) for 2 days, 4 days and 6 days and the percentage of cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We found that anti-proliferative effect of LBP1 was associated with apoptosis on SMMC-7721 cells by morphological changes and cell cycle arresting at G0/G1phase. Furthermore, LBP1 could induce cell apoptosis which was closely accompanied with the enhancement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level, dissipation of Mitochondria Membrane Potential (MMP), increase expression of Bax mRNA and decrease expression of Bcl-2 mRNA. These results suggested that SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis induced by LBP1 mainly was mediated by mitochondrial pathways. However, further research on the molecular mechanisms of LBP1 effecting on the cells' mitochondria is necessary.


An advanced access network operation system based on TMN and OSI system management concepts is developed. To supply a unified management view for an access network, a general network resource management model is proposed. Functional requirements are extracted and allocated to each management layer. The management information model is designed to express a proposed access network resource model and functional requirements using managed objects definitions. The performances of the developed operation system satisfy the requirements for a commercial system.


This study discusses the present state of mortality level the decline in the mortality levels during the past few decades and the mortality differentials that exist by State rural/urban area age sex and various socioeconomic characteristics in India. A history of causes of deaths in the last 2 decades is reviewed (mainly infectious diseases). At present about 1/2 the total number of deaths occurs in 4 big States namely Uttar Pradesh Bihar Rajasthan and Madhyra Pradesh though they contain only 39% of the total population. Infant and child mortality (0-4 years) levels in India are very high and these groups account for about 1/2 (48%) of the total deaths in India. The overall mortality rate as well as the infant mortality rate as well as the infant mortality rate is much higher in rural than in urban areas. Infant mortality is very high amongst the poor and weaker sections of the population. Child sickness/child mortality patterns do not differ much between rural/urban populations. Mortality in the ages 0-10 and 50 and over is higher in India than the average mortality experience shown by Western Countries. Finally a series of recommendations are made in an effort to especially control the causes of maternal and child mortality which emphasize health manpower and health administration private and public sector cooperation integrated programs of maternal and child health services and family planning as well as measures to improve sanitation food supply housing and education.


In order to plan and design different models of urban landscape, this paper presents numerical methods and calculation methods for different models of urban landscape. Through the analysis of urban green space landscape pattern, it can be found that there are still problems such as the incompatibility of green space and space distribution, the dispersal of some green space, the high fragmentation space, and the urban green space shortage. In the future urban green space development, attention should be paid to the following problems: there is less green space in the central part of the city, and the green space distribution is focused on the poor areas, especially in the northwest part of the city. In future urban development, especially in the context of old urban development, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of green space in the central region, appropriately provide some economic benefits, and increase the green space in the central region of the city by destruction, the construction of small parks and green space, so that the public can live together. Urban ecological green space is insufficient, and construction should be strengthened. City A has good natural resources, among which the ancient Yellow River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal pass through the city, and the urban water network is developed. We should focus on building ecological green spaces on both sides of the river and reduce the construction projects of residential quarters within a certain buffer zone. At present, there are many other green spaces in urban green space, most of which are unused construction land or green space, which may be occupied in the process of urban development. How to ensure the quantity and quality of such green spaces will be the key issues for urban builders.


The problem of Input - Output (I/O) Decoupling with simultaneous Disturbance Rejection (DDR) is studied for the class general linear neutral multi-delay differential systems with measurable disturbances. The problem is solved using a dynamic multi-delay controller with proper and realizable feedback of the measurement outputs, a realizable precompensator and a realizable dynamic controller matrix mapping the measurable disturbances to the system inputs. For this system case and controller type the necessary and sufficient conditions for the problem to have a solution are established and the general analytical expression of the controller matrices solving the problem is derived.


Robotics vehicle-machines are designed to do a suitable and useful work in sustained equilibrium and non-equilibrium positions. The work done could be inspecting, transmitting or utilizing power supply to drive and orient desired amount of loads or elastic structures to a location at particular time. The configuration of robotics machine-vehicles is made up of several interconnecting components. The equilibrium and nonequilibrium positions of a robotics machine-vehicle consist of determining time delays in the elastic structures. During the operation of a robotics vehicle-machine, there is a continuous propagation of displacement time delays from one component to another. The time delays together with the state initial conditions of the robot vehicle-machine estimate the probability intervals for which the dynamic requirements are attained. Namely, (i) maintaining stability, (ii) balancing input-output responses and (iii) minimizing sensitivity levels during the operation of the robotics vehicle-machine. In this paper, we locate the displacement time delays in the elastic structures of the components of the robotics vehicle-machine. The displacement time delays will prevent the robotics vehicle machine from leaving the admissible performance index range. Quantify uncertainty and imprecise probability that the robotics vehicle-machine can sustain at operating equilibrium and nonequilibrium positions when the stress-strain relationships nonlinear and influenced by Wiener Process. At each one of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium positions, we will locate critical values of the component parameters that are pronoun to induce large uncertainty and imprecise probability. The infinite dimensional amplitude and frequency responses maintaining stability and reduce sensitivity dependent on sudden changes in the time delays will be determined.


Let E be the elliptic curve over Q(T) given by the equation E : Y^2 = X^3 - T^2X + 1: We prove that the torsion subgroup of the group E(C(T)) is trivial, rank Q(T)(E) = 3 and rank C(T)(E) = 4. We find a parametrization of E of rank at least four over the function field Q(a, i, s, n, k) where s^2 = i^3 - a^2i. From this we get a family of rank >= 5 over the field of rational functions in two variables and a family of rank >= 6 over an elliptic curve of positive rank. We also found particular elliptic curves with rank >= 11.


The invention provides a method and device for collecting multichannel audio data. The method for collecting multichannel audio data comprises the steps that audio data branch channels and a data collecting controller are set; after the audio data branch channels and the data collecting controller are set, a processing circuit of a system clock is set, and clock signals output by the processing circuit are input to the audio data branch channels; collection of multichannel audio data is carried out through the processing circuit of the system clock, the audio data branch channels and the data collecting controller which all are set well. By means of the method, synchronous collection of multichannel audio data can be realized.


Dayak onion tubers contain chemical compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids and tannins which are potential sources to be developed as medicinal plants. Dayak onions grown in different soil topography produce different secondary metabolite content even though they are from the same species. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) (L) Merr extract to have inhibitory potential and the amount of inhibition on the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study is a laboratory experiment using a post test with a group design with 10 treatment groups, namely 1% Dayak onion extract, up to 10% with 5% DMSO solvent, control using 0.85% NaCl tested on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Dayak onion extract (Eleutherine palmifolia) (L) Merr which was tested on the Gram negative bacteria group Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave weak inhibitory results, while the Dayak onion extract (Eleutherine palmifolia) (L) Merr which was tested on the bacterial group Gram positive Stapylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidemicdis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus give strong inhibitory results


[Objective]To understand the rabies incubation period and its influencing factors,and provide scientific evidence for developing control measures.[Methods]The rabies incubation period and its influence factors were analyzed according to 249 questionnaires of rabies in Guilin City from 2004-2011 by using survival analysis method.[Results]The median incubation period of rabies was 51 days,95% CI(42.7,59.3) days,ranging from 1-3 650 days.Interquartile of incubation period was 69 days.Single variable analysis showed that the exposed way,the site of wound,the wound treatment and inoculation after exposure were related to the rabies incubation period.The incubation periods of cases with animal initiative attack,hurt on head or face,wound treatment by doctor,inoculation after exposure were shorter significantly than those of their corresponding ways.Cox model analysis showed that the wound treatment and inoculation after exposure were the real factors influencing latent period.The incubation periods of cases with wound on head or face was the shortest.The incubation period of cases with inoculation after exposure was shorter significantly than that of no inoculation after exposure.[Conclusion]The virus infection of attack animals,the anti-infected abilities of wounded persons,the opportunity and effect of inoculation are the influencing factors of rabies incubation period.It is suggested to note that the status of animal attacks,and receive timely immunization.


This guideline replaces 'Guidance on similar medicinal products containing recombinant human soluble insulin' (EMEA/CHMP/BMWP/32775/2005). Guideline on non-clinical and clinical development of similar biological medicinal products containing recombinant human insulin and insulin analogues Guideline on non-clinical and clinical development of similar biological medicinal products containing recombinant human insulin and insulin analogues


This paper introduces the development of non-lead thermal stabilization technics of PVC for automobile low voltage wires in Japane.New non-Lead PVC thermal stabilizors such as Ca/Zn,Mg/Zn Compounds were compared with lead thermal stabilizors in heat stability,extrudability,surface migration,surface smoothness,as well as their wire properties.The results show that the new stabilizors can replace lead stabilizors.


This paper presents an evaluation of the latest MPEG-5 Part 2 Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) for live gaming video streaming applications. The results are presented in terms of both objective and subjective quality measures. Our results indicate that LCEVC outperforms both x264 and x265 codecs in terms of bitrate savings using VMAF. Using subjective results, it is found that LCEVC outperforms the respective base codecs, especially for low bitrates. This effect is much more dominant for x264 as compared to x265, with marginal absolute improvement of quality scores for x265.


f(0) = 0; f 0 (0) = 1; µ(0) = 1; f 0 (1) = 0; µ(1) = 0: This system arises in the study of the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid flow over a linearly stretching surface and heat transfer problem in presence of a transverse constant magnetic field and a uniform free stream of constant velocity and temperature. The obtained analytical uniformly valid solution is verified graphically and numerically and compared with the numerical results reported previously. The solution agrees with the previous reported results.


Presentation of Case A 61-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of bleeding per rectum. Seven years earlier chronic diarrhea developed, associated with dull pain in the left lower quadr...


The main objective of this paper is study two specific aspects of medical liability insurance, whose management would be useful to maximize the materialization of the insurance's practical purpose. Such elements are the coverage of the serious fault and "Claims Made" temporary delimitation system, the last one has been object of imprecise criticisms against which it is intended to provide clarity.

Therefore, I'll explain the general theoretical considerations about the medical civil liability regime and the medical liability insurance figure. Then, I'll discuss the feasibility of establishing as mandatory the coverage of serious fault and modulate the application of Claims Made temporary delimitation system, to achieve the objective formulated.


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying an adhesive on an elastic strand in a personal disposable hygiene product. A method of dispensing adhesive onto a stretched elastic strand includes applying a first volume of adhesive onto a first portion of the elastic strand, applying a second volume of adhesive onto a second portion of the elastic strand, and applying a third volume of adhesive onto a third portion of the elastic strand. The second volume is less than the first and third volumes. When the elastic strand is adhered to a substrate to form a personal disposable hygiene product, the first and third portions of the elastic strand define opposing ends of the elastic strand, which are adhered with a larger amount of adhesive to resist creep at the opposing ends. The reduction of adhesive in the second or central portion between the opposing ends significantly reduces the adhesive add on in the personal disposable hygiene product.


The conventional neural network models are a parody of biological neural structures, and have very slow learning. In order to emulate some dynamic functions, such as learning and adaptation, and to better reflect the dynamics of biological neurons, Gupta-Rao have developed a "dynamic neural model" (DNU). The proposed neural unit model is to introduce some dynamics to the neuron transfer function, such that the neuron activity depends on internal states. Integrating an dynamic elementary processor within the neuron allows the neuron to act dynamic response. Numerical examples are presented for a model system. The case studies showed that the proposed DNU can be useful in practical sense.


white, Asian, Native American, or Latino)' whereas ethnicity is 'the specific ancestral groupings (such as African American, Haitian, German, Irish, Korean, or Chinese) that are used to sort individuals into cultures' (p. 3). Taken at face value, these appear to be adequate working definitions but they also neglect the ways in which race/ethnicity have been understood by critical scholars of race in terms of embodied and experiential differences, performative and affective registers. These definitions also mutate through the volume, so that race is sometimes categorization imposed by others based on bodily difference and at other times it is continental difference (Asia rather than Korea) and can include cultural practices; they speak of 'racial exploration', for example, in Chapter 3. The constant categorization of individual adoptees (and non-adoptees) also becomes somewhat repetitive and is at times a rather heavy-handed form of analysis that reduces rather than enhances our understanding of the dynamic interplay of factors in adoptee experiences. Families and adoptees are constantly fitted into categories of 'rejecters'/ 'acknowledgers' and 'explorers'/'non-explorers' as well as multiple sub-categories that relate to orientations, situations or factors that influence these larger categories. What is lost is the nuance in the individual cases that the authors bring out so vividly in the narratives that are used at the beginning of each chapter. This approach also makes the text difficult to follow in terms of its key analytical points as the sections chop and change rapidly throughout each chapter. Indeed, while the concluding chapter certainly points to some interesting themes around generational cohort, gender and mixed race ancestry, it is notable that these are not adequately developed and there is little or no signposting of these important issues earlier in the volume. As the authors note early on in the introduction, this volume presents data from one of the most comprehensive research projects on international adoption and one of the first that focuses on the experiences of adoptees as both children and adults. In this sense alone, Choosing Ethnicity, Negotiating Race is an important contribution to our understanding of this complex process. Given that it is targeted largely at lay audiences who have specific interest in the practical side of adoption and its outcomes, the volume also has the potential to make important contributions to the lives of future adoptees and their families. At the same time, however, there also appears to be much more that could be done with the material that is presented here, particularly in terms of conceptualizations of race/ethnicity through the lens of a small population whose everyday life is always at the interstices of racial and ethnic representations, embodiments and practices.


Abstract : Two chapters submitted in a special study of Army conduct of continuous operations contain a detailed review of the literature on effects of sleep deprivation and requirements for sustained performance on the ability of soldiers to conduct continuous operations. Subjects covered include: adaptation to restricted sleep, effects of fragmented sleep, sleep timing, importance of sleep stages, circadian rhythms, effects of age, wearing chemical protective clothing, the nature of optimum alertness. Also covered are short descriptions of soldier sustained. The second chapter contains a detailed list of human factors principles and recommendations for sustaining performance of soldiers in continuous operations (CONOPS) and includes coverage of topics like: training and preparation for CONOPS; sleep scheduling, recovery sleep concepts, work/rest scheduling, naps and sleep discipline, sleep-inducing drugs for use in long range deployments, alertness sustaining drugs for use in CONOPS, lightning the soldier's load, nutrition, and physical fitness for military tasks.


Keywords:
(MSME Perception, Accounting Knowledge, Business Scale, Accounting Information)

Economic development of a country is one of the efforts to increase the economic level of its population. One indicator that describes the success of economic development in a country, among others, is the decline in the number of poor people. This study aims to determine the positive effect of Business Actor Perceptions about Accounting, Accounting Knowledge, and Business Scale on the Use of Accounting Information in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in North Denpasar District. This research design uses quantitative research methods. The data collection technique used is the questionnaire method. The population in this study were all MSME actors in North Denpasar who were recorded in the MSMEs assisted by the Denpasar City MSME Cooperative Service, namely 11,069 MSMEs with various kinds of business units. The sample in this study was 100 samples using the Slovin formula. The data obtained from this study will be analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion in the previous chapter, the following conclusions can be drawn. Accounting perceptions have no effect on the use of accounting information. So the higher the perception of accounting will not increase the use of accounting information for MSME actors. Accounting knowledge has a positive effect on the use of accounting information. Then the higher accounting knowledge will increase the use of accounting information by MSME actors. Business scale affects the use of accounting information. So the higher the scale of business by MSME actors will increase the use of accounting information by MSME actors.
Keywords:
(MSME Perception, Accounting Knowledge, Business Scale, Accounting Information)


This paper discusses the features based on inventory management of construction and analyzes the warehouse inventory of the different locations. And it establishes multi- storehouse pool inventory system model of the construction and installation the trades with service level constraints. This paper gives the corresponding mathematical model and algorithm. The following results are concluded,multi- storehouse pool inventory system model of the construction and installation the trades with service level constraints can effectively reduce the inventory cost of the construction projects,increase corporate profit.


The aims in this study is to know Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) growth during period 2010 to 2014 and also analyzed economy sectors that has competitive advantage and specialization during period 2010 to 2014 in South Tangerang City. The data used is the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) South Tangerang City and Banten Province during period 2010 to 2014 obtained from BPS-Statistic Indonesia. Analysis tool that is used on this research is Shift Share analysis which is refined with Shift Share Esteban Marquillas, and used to know the leading sector in South Tangerang City.
From 17 sectors have been researched, only 3 sector that have no competitive advantage and also not specialized in South Tangerang City, they are 1) agriculture, forestry, and fisherie, 2) financial service and insurance, 3) administrative governance, defense, and social security. The featured sector that have competitive advantage and also specialized in South Tangerang City is 1) construction sector, 2) wholesale and retail; repair of cars and motorcycles, 3) provisionof of accommodation, 4) information and communication, 5) real estate, and 6) service companies.


Tlrls paper is the rtr of a series of publicat iotts tyhich seek to s t inulate dialogue on the issues involved itt offering a professionol level of training for client-cetltere.l therapists in aJashiott tvhich is both cotrsistettt tt'itlt the person-centered approach as well us accountable to the professional world of therapists antl clients. Rather than withdrawi gfrcmtheworldof mainstreanr educalion on the grounds thdt it is inco tpotible,,vith person-centered pltilosoplty, lhe writer prefers lo use the person-centeretl opprooch to infurn higher educatiotl. The prese t paper etplores four traiting dynontics arountl "respotlsibilitl," " self-acceptattce, " Ihe "individualising of the curriatluttt" und the " indit itltolisation of assessntent" as central to the relationship berweett taittees and Foculty. INTRODUCTION In ten years of the specialist person-centered jo]urnals, Person-Centered Review and The Person-Centered Joumal, there have bsen only two papers on the training of client-centered therapists, the most recent in 1987 (Combs, 1986; Thayer, 1987). It is appropriate thar clientcentered therapy addresses its training needs and processes. This paper, which is presented as forerunner to a book on CCT training (Mearns, lg97), seeks to stimulate discussion of this


Purpose Prolonged sitting is a major health concern, targeted via government policy and the proliferation of height-adjustable workstations and wearable technologies to encourage standing. Such interventions have the potential to influence energy balance and thus facilitate effective management of body/fat mass. It is therefore remarkable that the energy cost of sitting versus standing naturally remains unknown. Methods Metabolic requirements were quantified via indirect calorimetry from expired gases in 46 healthy men and women (age, 27 ± 12 yr; mass, 79.3 ± 14.7 kg; body mass index, 24.7 ± 3.1 kg·m−2, waist/hip, 0.81 ± 0.06) under basal conditions (i.e., resting metabolic rate) and then, in a randomized and counterbalanced sequence, during lying, sitting and standing. Critically, no restrictions were placed on natural/spontaneous bodily movements (i.e., fidgeting) to reveal the fundamental contrast between sitting and standing in situ while maintaining a comfortable posture. Results The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) increment in energy expenditure was 0.18 (95% CI, 0.06–0.31 kJ·min−1) from resting metabolic rate to lying was 0.15 (95% CI, 0.03–0.27 kJ·min−1) from lying to sitting and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53–0.77 kJ·min−1) from sitting to standing. An ancillary observation was that the energy cost of each posture above basal metabolic requirements exhibited marked interindividual variance, which was inversely correlated with resting heart rate for all postures (r = −0.5; −0.7 to −0.1) and positively correlated with self-reported physical activity levels for lying (r = 0.4; 0.1 to 0.7) and standing (r = 0.6; 0.3–0.8). Conclusions Interventions designed to reduce sitting typically encourage 30 to 120 min·d−1 more standing in situ (rather than perambulation), so the 12% difference from sitting to standing reported here does not represent an effective strategy for the treatment of obesity (i.e., weight loss) but could potentially attenuate any continued escalation of the ongoing obesity epidemic at a population level.


A 25 year-old woman was hospitalized in psychiatry with progressive weight loss and diagnosis of anorexia. Her past medical history mentioned hyperthyroidism.


A histochemical investigation of lectin‐binding sites was carried out on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections of 60 skin appendage tumors and adjacent normal skin appendages, using four different biotinylated lectins, peanut agglutinin (PNA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin‐1 (UEA‐1), and avidin‐biotin‐horseradish peroxidase labeling. In the secretory segments of eccrine sweat glands, the superficial dark cells showed strong cytoplasmic staining with UEA‐1, whereas DBA and SBA strongly stained the plasma membranes of basal clear cells. The acinar cells of apocrine sweat glands revealed sporadic apical membrane staining with all four lectins. In some cases, the luminal membranes of sweat gland ducts showed apical membranous Staining with all four lectins. In the hair follicles, the inner root sheath was positive for all four lectins, and the outer root sheath was stained by PNA. The sebaceous ducts, as well as the outer root sheath al the level of sebaceous duct insertion, were also labeled by all four lectins. Sebaceous lobules showed cytoplasmic and membrane staining of mature sebocytes with PNA and SBA. Although sweat gland tumors revealed differences in lectin binding when compared to their corresponding normal tissues, the lectin‐binding pattern of pilosebaceous tumors was analogous to the pilosebaceous apparatus.


The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, (Lepid o tera : Gelechiidae) controlled by the biocontrol agent spinosad and its nano particles . under laboratory conditions, the LC50s of the T absoluta Meyrick, (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) give, 56, 68, 109, 131, 149, 173 and 1 75 ppm after Newly hatched larvae, 1 st larval instars, 2 larval instars, 3 larval instars, 4 larval instars, Adult males and adult females, res pectively. Under laboratory conditions, the effect of the nanoSpinosad calcul ted that, 20, 22, 32, 40, 57 and 59 for the T abso luta for the corresponding stages, respectively. The effect of t he tested pathogen under green house effect give a resulted, show, the nano Spinosad gave a significant decrease of in festations after 20, 50, 0 and 120 days after the p ost application of green house application and recoded, 1.1±3.2, 5 ±1.1, 9.2±6.1 , and 10.0±4.1 individuals. When th e totato plots treated with spinosad, after the corresponding days the infestation individuals recorded 11.0±5.1, 18. 6±3.1, 31.5±1.8 and57.4±2.9 individuals as compared to 39. 2±6 7, 68.1±5.7, 78.8±9.1 and 99±7.9 individuals in the control. Field condition experiments show that, t he amount of the harvest Tomato plant Winter Variet y Platenium5043 in the fields of Fayoum governorates, after nano Spinosad, the weight of tomatoes significantly i creased to 16100± 21.60 and 16700 ± 31.80 kg/ feddan as compared to 15000 ± 41.11 kg/ fedan in the control. While in Tanta governorates, the tomatoes crop weight16231 ± 26.40 and17200 ± 26.70 kg/ feddan in the plots treated with Spinosad and nano Spinosad, respectively as compar ed to14900± 51.60 kg/ feddan in the control.


A method for using a plurality of image forming apparatus to monitor the scanner exit window, the system and apparatus. The method includes using a first image forming apparatus through the exit window to capture a first image, a second image forming apparatus through the different features of a plurality of both the first image and the second image in the exit window of at least a second image capture, and detection One. The method further comprises matching a plurality of features of both the first and second images are detected, characterized in that the at least one determined matching plane appears on the exit window, and monitors the physical state of the exit window based on at least one characteristic.


The metabolism of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites was investigated during the follicular, luteal and premenstrual phases of the menstrual cycle in 33 healthy women across one cycle. The metabolites of all three pathways of tryptophan ie the serotonergic pathway, the pyrollase pathway and the indole acetic acid pathway, were assayed from urinary prebreakfast samples collected on a repeated measures basis. Urinary 3 hydroxy kynurenine excretion was significantly elevated in the luteal phase (p=0.030). The relative activity of the serotonergic pathway to the kynurenergic pathway (identified by the ratios 5HT+HIAA/KY+HK and 5HT/KY+HK) were significantly elevated in both the luteal and premenstrual phases compared to the follicular phase (p=0.009 and p=0.005 respectively); indicating that the kynurenergic pathway of tryptophan metabolism may modulate serotonergic metabolism (via HK) during the menstrual cycle; and that the relative and not actual levels of serotonin metabolism may be the important factor...


Ceramic inlay is a kind of dental restorations, which is embedded inside to restore the morphology and function of decayed tooth. With the development of ceramic materials,bonding techniques and new technology,issues of amalgam safety were given much doubt,whereas the ceramic with good biocompatibility,aesthetic effect,corrosion resistance and adjacency relations had led to the wide use of all ceramic inlays in dental restoration. Clinical studies have been carried out with various evaluation techniques to assess the clinical performance of all-ceramic inlays. The major problems associated with ceramic inlay therapy appear to be fracture,hypersensitivity,degree of fit,maintenance of marginal integrity,microleakage,bond failures and cement wear. However,when compared with other forms of aesthetic intra-coronal restorations,ceramic inlays work well.


The aim of this article is to measuring the blood flow, when they pass through obstructed blood vessels. In many medical arteries the amount of the blood flow inside canals and obstructed vessel is important and reduces due to the arteries. However, the problem with measurements in such circumstances lies in the lack of precise and appropriate experimental data needed for the calculation of the blood passes through the vessel. To overcome the shortcoming, hence, the effect of the most common type orifices, i.e., Square edge Orifice (D & D/2 taps), were put to the test, by simulating the flow with the use of CFD methods and Fluent 6.0 software, for 0.25 <=beta <= 0.5 and 10,000 <= Re-D <= 200,000, fixed temperature of 300(K). Therefore, relations were obtained for blood as the incompressible fluid. Kharaji M. Gh., Dadjoo F., Alirezaei Y., Falavand A., Langari A. A simple model to compute the blood flows through obstructed blood vessels. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1782-1788] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 271


It has been three years since gas-volleyball sports was all-around popularized in Chengdu in 2008,in the three years popularization and development,certain achievement has been obtained but there are still some factors hampering rapid development of gas-volleyball sports.Through literature and materials collection method,interview and so on,this paper analyzes the problems in the popularization of gas-volleyball sports in Chengdu such as the lack of standardized-systemized organization and management,incomplete training system,the lack of coaches and referees,the lack of competition terrain and sports equipment,single source of funds,weak publicity capacity and so on.According to the existing problems,suggestions and proposals for further accelerating the development of gas-volleyball sports are given.


This paper addresses the work done in pursuit of an expert system for designing building passenger vertical transportation systems. The design and specification of lift systems for large buildings in a very complicated process, with a wide range of variables that need to be evaluated in order to design a system that will deliver acceptable performance. Such evaluation is performed with a help of a computer simulation software. The limited functionality of the currently existing programs for lift simulation prompted the authors to pursue a development of a new system, suitable for the demands posed by modern building designs and improved con-trol algorithms. The authors have completed the calculation and simulation modules together with the genera-tion of the visual simulation and building information model and the approach and methodology employed is described within this paper.


The invention discloses a method for correcting an ionospheric grid which is applied to a multimode satellite navigation system, comprising the following steps: according to data from different satellite navigation systems, normalizing the time delay correction value of the ionosphere and the variance thereof to a specified frequency; according to the normalized time delay value and variance of the breakthrough point of the ionosphere, carrying out weighing calculation respectively to determine the time delay correction value of the ionosphere zenith of the grid point in the specified frequency; utilizing the time delay correction value of the ionosphere zenith of the grid point to carry out interpolation, and determining the time delay correction value of the zenith ionosphere of the satellite ranging signals received by a user in the normalized frequency; finally determining the ionosphere time delay correction value when navigation and ranging signals with different frequencies are received by the user; and deducting user ionosphere time delay value from the ionosphere time delay correction value generated by the navigation and ranging signals received by the user to obtain the user ionosphere delay time value after elimination. By adopting the method, errors of ionosphere time delay correction are reduced, correction precision of the ionospheric grid is improved and location precision of the user can be greatly improved when the pseudo-range value of the user is used for location calculation.