Author(s): Chakraborty, Debapriya; Buch, Koral; Tal, Gil | Abstract: Total cost of ownership (TCO) studies are generally used as a tool to understand how and when plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) technology will reach cost parity with conventional fuel vehicles. Post cost-parity, the PEV market should be able to sustain without government intervention. The researchers present here a detailed analysis of vehicle manufacturing costs and market-level TCO accounting for technology uncertainties, behavioral heterogeneity, and key decision parameters of automakers. Using the estimates of the vehicle manufacturing costs, they estimate the cost of electrification of California's LDV fleet to achieve the state's net-zero emission goal by 2045. The results suggest that PEVs may not be cost competitive even in 2030 without stronger policy support and automakers initiative. Moreover, TCO is not a single number, and the cost of electrification will vary across the population based on the cost of vehicles available in the market, their charging capabilities at home and public, and energy costs. The TCO estimates and the cost of fleet electrification analysis not only has important implications for policymakers but can also offer a foundation for understanding the effect of market dynamics on the cost-competitiveness of the PEV technology.View the NCST Project Webpage


In our recent research, through collecting and analyzing questionnaires filled out by users of e-learning resources, we have identified several useful metadata for describing such resources. In this paper we present our proposal of how to integrate those metadata into the SCORM standard. We propose to define two completely new categories for quality and reuse potential (reusability), and to put the other metadata into the categories already existing in the standard. We believe that our proposal, especially its fragment concerning the quality and reusability of e-learning resources, creates the direction in which SCORM should go in the near future.


A previously developed shift operator method is applied to the G2 group, which plays an important role in the classification of nuclear octupole‐phonon states. Expressions which connect quadratic products of the considered shift operators with G2 invariants are derived.


Analyzing the stress concentration in the critical region of a mixed boundary value elastic problem has always been an important area of interest in applied mechanics. In most of the cases, the problems were circumvented using a numerical solution. A numerical approach has been used to solve elastic problems of arbitrary shaped bodies subjected to mixed boundary conditions. The formulation of displacement potential function is used in finite difference method to determine the stress concentration factors in the critical point of fillet region of tension specimen. In this paper, ASTM D 638 type І, II, III, IV and specimens of other proposed dimensions are analyzed. A relationship between stress concentration factor and width-fillet ratio (w/r) has been established. It is also observed that width ratio (W/w) has no effect on stress concentration factor for higher fillet radius. But for lower fillet radius, width ratio has significant effect on stress concentration factor. It is suggested that single arc tension specimen (ASTM D 638 type I, II, and III) can be used instead of double arc specimen (ASTM D 638 type IV) since complicated geometry of double arc tension specimen cannot help to reduce stress concentration in the specimen during tensile test. The results obtained have been presented graphically and are in good agreement with the available results in the literature. Keywords:  Finite difference technique, Displacement potential function, Stress concentration factor


Each year it is worth reviewing data that can be easily extracted from Manuscript Central to evaluate the types of articles submitted and accepted. Three years ago there was no 'How we do it' correspondence or letters to the editor. Equally in an attempt to increase the number of reviews, the ENT•UK prize was instituted. This increased the number of reviews submitted by UK trainees in 2006 but at this stage in 2007 an effect is more difficult to detect.


Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, severe adverse drug reaction characterized by confluent macules and patches, evolving to total epidermal detachment.1 SJS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially when there is extensive involvement.1 Variations in genetic factors, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA), were found to be a risk for the development of SJS with some drugs, and this association has been found in different ethnicities.2,3 We report the first case of an allopurinol-induced SJS in a Filipino patient documented with HLA B*38:16 and B*58:17 alleles. A 58-year-old male was recently diagnosed with coronary artery disease and gout, and was prescribed with clopidogrel, trimetazidine, atorvastatin, losartan, amlodipine, allopurinol, colchicine, and naproxen. He suddenly developed a sore throat andmucosal ulcers on July 29, 2022, followed by the progressive appearance of erythematous to violaceous macules and patches on the face, trunk, and extremities (Figure 1). No other comorbidities were noted. He consulted the emergency department and was subsequently admitted as a case of SJS. Skin biopsy showed vacuolar interface dermatitis and necrotic keratinocytes consistent with SJS (Figure 2). Direct immunofluorescence showed negative results, ruling out autoimmune bullous diseases. Upon culprit assessment using the algorithm of drug causality in epidermal necrolysis (ALDEN) criteria,4 allopurinol was the very probable drug to cause SJS. HLA typing showed HLA-B*38:16 and HLA-B*58:17. The current medications were promptly discontinued and the patient was given intravenous corticosteroids, oral and topical antibiotics, ophthalmic solutions, and supportive wound care with silver-impregnated dressing. Clinical improvement was noted and the patient was subsequently discharged after 3 weeks. The number of known genetic variations associated with severe adverse drug reactions is currently increasing, based on various pharmacogenomic studies worldwide.3 In SJS, HLA genetic variations contribute to its development by making the HLA molecule, bound with the culprit drug or a drug metabolite, susceptible to T-cell recognition.1 The presence of HLA-B*58:01 alleles and its association in allopurinolinduced SJS have been detected in multiple ethnicities, including Chinese, Thai, Korean, Vietnamese, and Japanese populations.3,5 Given this association, genetic screening has been employed in several countries to limit the incidence of allopurinol-induced SJS since 2012.3 The present case demonstrates novelHLAalleles that may predispose Filipino patients to developing allopurinol-induced SJS. Between the 2 alleles detected in our patient, the HLA-B*58:17 allele is more likely to be associated with the adverse event because of its similarity in the documented associated allele group. In addition, there have been no association studies for SJS performed with HLA-B*38 genotypes.


The temperature-dependence of the H. L. B. number of plyoxyethylene cetyl alcohol ether (POECAE) was studied from the relative viscosity of its aqueous solution. The measuraments were done by Ubbelode-type viscometer at the temp erature range of 20-70•Ž, of which results were applied to Jones and Bole's equation. It was found that: (1). The viscosity B-coefficient of POECAE was dependent on the temperature. It decreased with the increase of temperature. This seems to be due to the breakage of hydration shell. (2). A good corelationship existed between viscosity-B-coefficient and H. L. B. value. (3). Since the viscosity B-coefficient decreased with the increase of temperature, the hydrophobic properties increase and the H. L. B. value of POECAE changes to a lower value.


Fiber optic gyroscope is a completely static, pure optical gyroscope, with a high resolution and other advantages. In order to make the Fiber optic gyroscope be smaller in size, more reliable and sensitive, this paper presents a new type of interference integrated optical chip, which is X-cut and Y-propagation LiNbO3 substrate with the dimensions of 38mm×6mm× 2mm. We research and design Double-Y branching guide, phase modulator and polarizers of Integrated Optical Chip in FOG. Double-Y branching waveguide, phase modulator and polarizers were integrated in a chip, on which sensing element, resource (SLD), electrophotonic detector (PIN) and signal demodulation circuit are hybrid-Integrated together, then we get an acceleration FOG of high resolution. We test the chip with input light and find that diffraction image of output light from the double-Y branching waveguide is well symmetric, which indicates that the double-Y branching waveguide is 3dB beam-splitting, to overcome deficiencies of fiber coupler of splicing type and dual-melting conical. Exciting signal is coherent with the output signal of the FOG, and the performances of the FOG meets design requirement.


............................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 Method ............................................................................................................................ 14 Subjects ................................................................................................................................... 14 Screening ................................................................................................................................. 15 Electromyography ................................................................................................................... 16 Electroencephalography .......................................................................................................... 16 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ......................................................................................... 17 Sham Stimulation .................................................................................................................... 17 Procedure ................................................................................................................................. 18 Manual Dexterity..................................................................................................................... 18 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 19 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................................. 23 Results ............................................................................................................................. 24 Resting Motor Threshold ........................................................................................................ 24 Global Mean Field Amplitude................................................................................................. 25 Sham TEP compared to Single-Pulse TEP ............................................................................. 26 Single-Pulse TEP..................................................................................................................... 28 LICI TEP ................................................................................................................................. 30 Manual Dexterity..................................................................................................................... 31 Manual Dexterity and LICI Correlates .................................................................................... 33 LICI IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS 4 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 35 Global Mean Field Amplitude................................................................................................. 35 Comparison of Sham and Single-Pulse TEP ........................................................................... 36 Comparison of Single-Pulse TEP between Young and Middle-Aged Adults ........................ 39 Comparison of LICI TEP between Young and Middle-Aged Adults ..................................... 40 Manual Dexterity..................................................................................................................... 42 Correlations between Manual Dexterity and LICI TEP .......................................................... 43 Future Research ....................................................................................................................... 44 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 45 References ....................................................................................................................... 47 Appendix A Ethics Outright Approval Letter ..................................................................... 59 Appendix B Information Letter to Participants ................................................................... 60 Appendix C Participant Recruitment Flyer ......................................................................... 63 Appendix D Consent Form ............................................................................................... 64 Appendix E Survey Instruments ........................................................................................ 65 Appendix F Relevant Statistical Output ............................................................................. 67 Appendix G Project Summary .......................................................................................... 77 Thesis character count: 64,998 (10,103 words) LICI IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS 5 General Acknowledgements I would like to thank my primary supervisor, Dr Ann-Maree Vallence, for her constant guidance, support, feedback and encouragement, and my secondary supervisor, Dr Hakuei Fujiyama, for his support and technical expertise. I would like to thank my participants who gave their precious time to contribute towards my research. I would also like to thank Ruby for being a hardworking and supportive lab partner, and Michelle and Jane for teaching me how to use the TMS and EEG equipment. Thank you to my parents for their never-ending encouragement and belief in my abilities, and to my friends for being a welcome distraction at times. Finally, I would like to dedicate this thesis to Patrick – thank you for being my Sam. LICI IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS 6 Abstract It is well established that ageing is associated with a decline in manual dexterity. An important neural process for the control of manual dexterity is motor cortical inhibition, which is the process by which neural activity within the motor cortex is supressed. Reductions in motor cortical inhibition may contribute to the age-related decline inIt is well established that ageing is associated with a decline in manual dexterity. An important neural process for the control of manual dexterity is motor cortical inhibition, which is the process by which neural activity within the motor cortex is supressed. Reductions in motor cortical inhibition may contribute to the age-related decline in manual dexterity. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) in the motor cortex. Previous literature examining differences in LICI between young and older adults have produced conflicting results. In addition, none have included a middle-aged group of participants. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether there are differences in LICI between young and middle-aged adults. An emerging technique that combines TMS with electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure LICI. In 12 young and 13 middle-aged participants, the TMS-evoked potential (TEP; recorded from EEG) reflected the motor cortical response to sham TMS, single-pulse TMS, and paired-pulse TMS. The TEPs generated by singleand paired-pulse TMS did not differ between young and middle-aged adults. Therefore, there is no evidence from the current study to suggest differences in motor cortical inhibition between young and middle-aged adults. However, these results are speculative as the TEPs generated by sham and single-pulse TMS were highly similar, suggesting that artefacts heavily influenced the TEPs. It is critical that future studies are able to minimise the artefacts during TMSEEG recording, and reliably identify and remove artefacts from the EEG data. LICI IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS 7 No Difference in Motor Cortical Inhibition Between Young and Middle-Aged Adults: A TMS-EEG Study Between 1996 and 2016 the proportion of the Australian population aged 65 years and over increased from 12.0% to 15.3%, and this group is expected to increase more rapidly over the next decade (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). With advanced age comes a decline in motor control and functioning (Seidler et al., 2010). For example, research in motor control has demonstrated that older adults show longer reaction times (Bedard et al., 2002), reduced coordination (Fujiyama, Hinder, Schmidt, Garry, & Summers, 2012), and reduced manual dexterity (Calautti, Serrati, & Baron, 2001) compared to young adults. Coordination and manual dexterity are necessary for the successful execution of everyday tasks such as holding a pen and writing, or tying a shoelace. Therefore, it is not surprising that age-related deficits in motor control impact daily living, leading to reduced independence and a decrease in life satisfaction (Åberg, Sidenvall, Hepworth, O'Reilly, & Lithell, 2005). Evidence-based interventions that improve motor control in ageing populations are critical to minimise the financial burden placed on aged-care resources, and increase overall wellbeing in older adults. In order to develop these interventions, more research is needed to understand the neural mechanisms behind the age-related decline in motor control. A number of brain areas contribute to the planning and execution of movement, including premotor areas, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum (Seidler et al., 2010). The primary motor cortex (M1), located in the frontal lobe of the brain along the precentral gyrus, is particularly important for the execution of motor plans that enable dexterous movement (Seidler et al., 2010). Neurons in M1 connect to fibres of the corticospinal tract, which descend through the brain stem and down the spine to activate skeletal muscles (Garret, 2003). Every muscle in the body has a representation in M1, and these representations are arranged somatotopically; for example


Nuclear chemical shielding tensors (CSTs) provide valuable information on structural and dynamic properties of molecular fragments in the solid state, and they are often exploited to obtain a detailed characterization of reorientational or interconformational motions in the kilohertz regime. In this work, we introduce a new combined computational DFT and experimental solid-state NMR approach to investigate the effects of small-amplitude vibrational motions on 13C CSTs. This approach was tested on ibuprofen, for which the influence of reorientational motions on CSTs could be ruled out from a previous detailed investigation of its dynamic properties. The data relative to the carbons belonging to the phenyl moiety were analyzed and discussed in terms of phenyl ring librations and in-plane and out-of-plane C–H bendings.


A general stereospecific synthesis of (N-methyl-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-11 beta-yl)alkanones is described and applied to the preparation of a series of alkyl ketones wherein the alkyl group is a straight or terminally branched chain containing from one to six carbon atoms. Several compounds with methoxy groups in the aromatic ring are in the morphine range of potency; they are uniformly inactive as phenazocine antagonists. Phenolic analogues range up to 100 times as potent as morphine. Those containing five or six carbon atoms in the alkyl group exhibit phenazocine antagonist activity, in one case equivalent to naloxone. This compound (3e) is selective for phenazocine in its antagonist action.


The nonstationary and nonlinear dust-acoustic wave is considered in the framework of the Lagrangian fluid description. A single nonlinear equation and its solutions are obtained for dust-acoustic waves with nontrivial space and time dependence in both the large and small amplitude limit. In the absence of linear dispersion solutions in the large amplitude limit, it is demonstrated that under well-defined initial and boundary conditions the amplitude of the solutions is decreasing and the spatial profile spreads. This is a new class of nonlinear solutions leading to short-lived nonlinear structures. In the small amplitude limit, the soliton-like solution indicates close association with Korteweg–de Vries solitons.


A reliable electromagnetic (EM) means of detecting and delineating geothermal fracture systems would facilitate geothermal reservoir development. To this end, there have been rapid advances in our geophysical capability to gather extensive electromagnetic data sets and to generate elaborate numerical simulations mapping electrical conductivity distributions to electromagnetic field responses. However, the nonuniqueness of electromagnetic interpretations requires that formal interpretations of EM field data be conditioned by geological constraints. Indeed, the electrical conductivity expression of a fault is far from intuitive and must be based on geological investigations. FLUID TRANSPORT IN FRACTURED RESERVOIRS: IMPETUS FOR INDUCTIVE LOGGING Fractures influence the migration and accumulation of groundwater, geothermal and ore bearing fluids, and hydrocarbons. Estimating the permeability of individual fractures and fracture arrays is an important problem with application to a wide variety of reservoirs in diverse environments (Price, 1966; Stearns and Friedman, 1972; Bruhn et al., 1997; Brown and Bruhn, 1998). The importance of fracture permeability to fluid production and injection in commercial reservoirs is well documented and in many reservoirs fracture permeability dominates over intergranular permeability (Hunt, 1996; Tsang and Neretnieks, 1998). This is especially the case in fine-grained sedimentary reservoirs and in geothermal reservoirs. Considerable effort has been expended in the past several decades to characterize natural fracture patterns by field mapping and analysis of drill core (e.g. Price, 1966; Stearn and Friedman, 1972; Kulander et al., 1979), in characterizing fluid transport properties of both discrete fractures and fracture networks (Long et al., 1982; Purak-Nolte et al., 1988; Brown, 1989; Oda et al., 1997; Brown and Bruhn, 1998; Tsang and Neretneiks, 1998), and obtaining better insitu measurements of fracturing and fluid flow using down-hole logging tools (e.g. Barton et al., 1997). In spite of this effort, predicting the occurrence, geometry, and fluid transport properties of fractures in reservoirs remains a difficult task, which is hindered by our inability to measure fracture heterogeneity and anisotropy insitu, by the tendency for flow to become concentrated or 'channelized ' within only a fraction of the fracture network, and by the response of permeability to stress changes and mineral precipitation during fluid production. Determining the geometry and fluid transport properties of fractures in the vicinity of a well bore is fundamental to understanding fluid production and well bore stability. Several existing logging tools provide useful, but limited information. Acoustic logs allow one to infer the presence of fractures, but provide little information on fracture geometry and transport properties. Bore hole televiewer and microscanner logs provide measurements of fracture orientation, and rough estimates of fracture filling and aperture, for those fractures that intersect the well bore. This latter information can be used to construct statistical models of fracture network geometry based on fracture orientation and frequency, but lack robustness because fracture size and connectivity must be modeled in an ad hoc fashion (Oda et al., 1997). Furthermore, recent work has demonstrated that the heterogeneity and anisotropy of fracturing and fluid transport properties are not the same in a number of cases. For example, Tsang and Neretnieks (1998) summarized evidence for flow channeling as a common phenomenon in heterogeneous fractured rocks and Barton et al. (1997) demonstrated that fluid production is concentrated along fractures most favorably oriented for Coulomb fractional (shear) failure rather than ubiquitously within a complex network. These and similar results from other regions are motivating development of new fracture permeability algorithms to account for the effects of stress on fracture closure (e.g. Bruhn et al., 1997; Brown and Bruhn, 1998), and also provide new impetus to develop logging methods that sample a volume of rock around the well bore in order to more directly characterize fluid conducting fractures. The purpose of this paper is to examine inductive means of characterizing fracture zones in particular, emphasizing the definition of an electrical conductivity structure of such a zone. CONDUCTIVITY MODELS FOR FRACTURED ROCK The morphological complexity, which can be encountered in fracture zones, is illustrated in several figures. Figure 1a shows a cross section of a fault zone. Although the zone as a dimensional scale of meters, the individual fractures are much smaller, and form a network. 1 m P r i m a r y S h e a r F r a c t u r e E x t e n s i o n F r a c t u r e S e c o n d a r y ( W e s t ) S h e a r F r a c t u r e Figure 1a: Fault zone cross section. Rather than "channels". Primary shear fractures have a given orientation, while secondary shears have a second orientation, and extension fractures have a third orientation. This pattern can be fractal and persist to different dimensional scales. D u s c h e s n e F a u l t O u t c r o p # 1 W i d t h = 1 . 1 6 m H e i g h t = 1 . 6 7 Figure 1b: Bedding surface fracture pattern. Figure 1b illustrates a bedding surface fracture pattern taken from the Duchesne Fault. Again, the fracture patterns are complicated and highly anisotropic. Fractures are also associated with folds. As Figure 2 demonstrates, these fractures again form networks with multiple orientations.


In this paper, I propose the notion of 'German Theory' to allude to the processes of translation and circulation of theoretical ideas discussed in the German humanities and German geography across and beyond the linguistic boundaries of its origin. However, these ideas did not travel, at least not to Anglophone geography. This paper investigates why not, and it maps out the lost theoretical potential that has been foregone as a result. 'German Theory' is thus read here as a potentiality that has not actualised. More specifically, this paper studies the reception of Foucault, as it emerged in two distinct territories of thought, each with their own interpretation: first, Kittler's work on the materiality of discourse in German humanities, and second, the 'discourse school' in German geography. The latter's insistence on the textuality of discourse disconnected their Foucault reception not only from Kittler's, but equally so from ongoing debates in Anglophone geography. By reflecting on why the 'German Foucault' did not travel to Anglophone geography, I raise a speculative epistemological question about the im/potentiality of 'German Theory': could a more cosmopolitan theory have emerged from a circulation of these ideas had they travelled across linguistic boundaries?


We further develop a new singular finite element method, the integrated singular basis function method (ISBFM), for the solution of Newtonian flow problems with stress singularities. The ISBFM is based on the direct subtraction of the leading local solution terms from the governing equations and boundary conditions of the original problem, followed by a double integration by parts applied to those integrals with singular contributions. The method is applied to the stick-slip and the die-swell problems and improves the accuracy of the numerical results in both cases. In the case of the die-swell problem it considerably accelerates the convergence of the free surface profile with mesh refinement. The advantages and disadvantages of the ISBFM when compared to other singular methods are also discussed.


Petri nets are a graphical construction with clearly defined semantics which can model concurrent communicating systems in a formal manner similar to the way that automata theory can model formal language theory(Petri, 1962). As Dr. Carl Petri found the existing automata insufficient or too cumbersome for describing communicating systems others have found Petri Nets to be too cumbersome for effectively reasoning about sophisticated, real world systems. In some cases these difficulties were overcome by extending the theory of Petri Nets. Dr. Kurt Jensen developed the theory of Coloured Petri Nets (Jensen, 1981) for the purpose of generalizing and simplifying complex Petri Net models. This work incorporates Coloured Petri Nets and other theoretical extensions to describe a real world automated steel cutting system. During the course of this investigation the paper will formalize colours in the language of algebras and examine patterns related to timing conditions.


Toponymy, according to Dick (1990), is one of the most significant human activities, especially because it reflects man's understanding of his reality. Therefore, through toponymic studies, it is possible to verify the way people use language to assign meaning to the places they live. In this paper, we aim to make a toponymic survey of the streets in downtown Santa Maria city and observe, based on Dick (1992), the motivation for naming of such places. The corpus consists of 57 street names and was selected based on Law No. 5608, of January 5, 2012 (SANTA MARIA, 2012), which governs the designation of public spaces in the city. In general, there is a predominance of anthropotoponyms and axiotoponyms, whose honored people were renowned ones from the city, which seems to indicates the intention to keep their memory alive.


Basic structure and major functions of bridge management system are introduced.According to the application of bridge assessment method based on structural reliability theory in bridge management system discussion is made. The hierarchical structure of reliability evaluation model is analyzed in order to provide references for the application of this evaluation method in bridge management system.


An exact solution to the problem of scattering of a plane wave by a hemispheroidal boss on an infinite perfectly conducting plane, has been obtained using a similar solution for scattering by a single spheroid in an unbounded space. Numerical results have been presented for perfectly conducting bosses of different sizes, and axial ratios. On the basis of this exact solution, the analysis of electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces modeled as various configurations of hemispheres on planar surfaces can be extended to the more general and more practical case of spheroidal bosses of arbitrary axial ratios.


Pyribencarb, methyl {2-chloro-5-[(E)-1-(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethoxyimino)ethyl]benzyl}carbamate, is a novel fungicide having excellent activity against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi, especially gray mold diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea. Pyribencarb exhibited not only a preventive effect but also a curative effect. When spraying was performed 48 hr after inoculation (after visible symptoms appeared), pyribencarb also showed strong inhibitory activity against lesion development by cucumber gray mold that was significantly superior to its preventive activity. Experiments in the greenhouse demonstrated good translaminar, rain fastness and residual activities, resulting in pyribencarb's high performance in the field. Pyribencarb was effective to control eggplant gray mold and kidney bean gray mold at 100–200 μg/ml in field trials.


PURPOSE: An aligner for a flat panel display feeding device is provided to prevent the frequent replacement of an aligner and a defect in a flat panel by preventing abrasion of the flat panel from an align head. CONSTITUTION: In an aligner for a flat panel display feeding device, a plate panel is mounted in a side roller(50) and is transferred. An align head(51) supports the side of the flat panel transferred by the side-roller. A interlinking rotation unit rotates align head in a progressive direction of the flat panel while being interlinked with the rotation of the side roller shaft.


Digital technologies have significantly contributed towards enabling organizations achieve business excellence objectives. Among technologies that most organization pursue to achieve these goals of performance and flexibility; cloud computing has emerged as a front runner in recent years. Cloud computing technology has a significant effect on organizational performance, and this can lead to improvement in the financial performance as well. This paper aims to presents the effect of adopting Cloud computing technology on reduction in costs from the business perspective. The review findings show that the most perceived benefits of cloud computing are realized through cost savings. However, there is an observed lack of well-defined methodology to accurately estimate cost reduction benefits accruing through cloud technology adoption for an organization. Therefore, it is suggested that further research should be attempted to establish methods to estimating the cost reductions leading to higher profit margins and better financial performance of organizations.


THREE per cent of men in England have been victims of sexual assault and 5 per cent suffered sexual abuse as children, the first UK-wide survey on the topic has revealed.


Changes in social policy in the United States (US) over the past four decades have provided health insurance for 100 percent of persons over age 65 and decreased poverty for this group while the number of children in poverty has risen and ten million are uninsured. is increasing intergenerational inequity reflects political decisions where children lack a voice. The purposes of this paper are to: 1) summarize, from the fields of ethics, government, law, social welfare and public health, current thinking about enfranchisement of children; 2) review the evolution of voting and representation in the US and identify misperceptions about barriers to equitable representation of children; 3) discuss the legal basis for children being regarded as adults and adult proxy decision making for children; and 4) suggest strategies to stimulate an equitable system of child representation by altering our current system of voting.


A study of babies with cephalhaematoma of moderate or large size (more than 7 cm. in diameter) was conducted over a 12‐month period in the Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore. There were 74 infants with such a complication among the 36,427 who were born alive during this period, giving an incidence of 2.03 per thousand. Primiparity, assisted delivery and high birth weight were associated with a higher incidence of the condition. Significant degrees of anaemia and jaundice were only rarely present. Resolution was usually complete by the end of 4 weeks, beyond which if resolution was not complete, calcification usually occurred.


This paper proposes a real-time, image-based training scenario comprehension method. This method aims to support the visual and haptic guidance system for laparoscopic surgery skill training. The target task of the proposed approach is a simulation model of a peg transfer task, which is one of the hands-on exam topics in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery certification. In this paper, a simulation process of an image-based object state modeling method is proposed. It generates a system object state of the transfer task to support the guidance system. A rule-based, intelligent system is used to discern the object state without the aid of any object template or model. This is the novelty of the proposed method.


This paper presents an application of the Radial Basis Function – Based Finite Difference Time Domain Method (RBF-FDTD) such as MQ (Multiquadrics), IMQ (Inverse Multiquadrics) and GA (Gaussian) is developed in [1] for modeling the lightning-induced voltages on overhead power lines in both cases of ideal ground and lossy ground. In addition, the influence of corona on the lightning-induced voltages has been considered as well. In order to increasing the accuracy of proposed method, the optimal algorithm of finding the shape parameter has been used. The accuracy, effectiveness and applicability of The MQ, IMQ and GA RBF-FDTD are evaluated through computing the lightning-induced voltages on 110kV overhead distribution lines. The solutions obtained by the RBF-FDTD are compared with those of the traditional FDTD based on the basic solution of the LIOV. The obtained results demonstrate that the RBF-FDTD is always more accurate than the traditional FDTD, in particular with the optimal shape parameter.


High-temperature annealing of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 films on 4H-SiC in O 2 atmosphere is studied with temperature ranging from 800℃ to 1000℃. It is observed that the surface morphology of Al2O3 films annealed at 800℃ and 900℃ is pretty good, while the surface of the sample annealed at 1000℃ becomes bumpy. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements demonstrate that the as-grown films are amorphous and begin to crystallize at 900℃. Furthermore, C-V measurements exhibit improved interface characterization after annealing, especially for samples annealed at 900℃ and 1000℃. It is indicated that high-temperature annealing in O2 atmosphere can improve the interface of Al2O3 /SiC and annealing at 900℃ would be an optimum condition for surface morphology, dielectric quality, and interface states.


The purpose of this research is to describe the moral values ??and images of women contained in the novel The single parasite by Ayu Utami. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The object and subject of this research study is Ayu Utami's novel Si ParasitLajang, published in 2013. The data of this study are the moral values ??and images of women contained in the novel The single parasite by Ayu Utami. The data source of this research is Ayu Utami's novel Si ParasitLajang. The data collection technique is done by reading the object of study in depth accompanied by an understanding of the moral values ??and images of women in the novel. This qualitative research data analysis technique is inductive in nature, namely an analysis based on the data obtained first by classifying the data that has been recorded in the data recording list for existing categories or classifications, the second data that has been classified is further analyzed to be used as a basis for interpretation all data and the third then concludes the research results. The results of the research on the moral values ??and images of women in the novel The single parasite by Ayu Utami are (1) the moral values ??in the novel The single parasite by Ayu Utami, namely: being responsible for the family, loyal, and care. (2) the image of women in the novel The single parasite by Ayu Utami is an educated woman, a woman who isindependent, women who have a high social life, beautiful women, ugly women, married women, single women, metropolitan women, brave women, and critical thinking women.


PHB, a biodegradable polymer that can be synthesized by bacterial systems under certain conditions or as a biosynthetic product, which has significant characters as that of synthetic polymers while being eco-friendly. The key for research lies in its properties like biodegradable, durable, temperature resistant, non- pollution causing polymer. This simple human friendly polymer belongs to a huge class of biopolymers by PHA, stands for Poly hydroxy Butarates, well known for their physico-chemical properties as natural polymers. It's high time, needful now to protect natural environment and depend the minimum on non renewable resources. In this context, Synthetic plastics stand in the top- occupying the major non-recyclable, non biodegradable material on the planet. Many polymers in nature can meet these demands, research in this regard with the target to replace the petroleum plastics with natural, biodegradable, recyclable plastics. Of all, family of PHA has gained attention with its characteristic features and competitive as that of synthetic plastics. This short review focuses on few process parameters, use of better and cheap substrate possible, challenges in process development for commercialization of bioplastic production.


The economic crisis has caused a surge in intra-European labour mobility, unleashing heated debates about the consequences of large-scale labour migration. This volume improves understanding of the drivers, mechanisms, and effects of the past decade's surge in cross-border labour mobility and work related migration within Europe.


The classical criterion relays stabilizability of a plant to the absence of unstable zero-pole cancellations in the transfer function. For uncertain plants, that is if the numerator and denominator depend on a parameter, the situation is much more difficult the robust stabilizability is no longer equivalent to the absence of unstable zero-pole cancellations for all parameter values in an uncertainty set. However, in case the numerator and the denominator depend affine on the uncertain parameter, a similar criterion can be derived but the constant uncertain parameters should be replaced by functions that take values in the uncertainty set. The criterion confirms robust stabilizability if "for all such functions the number of common unstable zeros in the resulting numerator and denominator does not exceed the total number of their unstable poles". In this talk the problem of robust stability is first stated as (quasi)convex optimization, and the convex duality is used to obtain the dual problem. The problem can be viewed as a convex game between the controller (solution to the primal problem) and the uncertainty (solution to the dual one). The further analysis of the dual problem leads to the robust stabilizability criterion. The solution to the dual problem is used directly in controller synthesis. Several instructive examples are considered in details to illustrate the principle, among them the H-infinity optimization as a particular case. The principle has certain connections to the corona theorem and QFT method. ________________________________________________ Torkel Glad, Linköping University, Sweden Step responses of nonlinear non-minimum phase systems For nonlinear systems, instability of the zero dynamics is known to correspond to the non-minimum phase property of linear systems. For linear systems it is also known that non-minimum phase is associated with certain step response behavior e.g. undershoot. It is shown that undershoot in nonlinear step responses occurs when the zero dynamics has an unstable manifold of odd dimension. ________________________________________________ Håkan Hjalmarsson, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Quantification of the Variance Error in Estimated Frequency Functions In this talk we give an overview of results pertaining to the characterization of the variance error in estimated frequency functions. The focus is on recent expressions that, contrary to pre-existing results, are valid for finite model orders. The implication of these expressions for prefiltering, closed loop identification, model validation and input design are discussed. We also give a flavor of the underlying mathematical tools. ___ _____________________________________________ Xiaoming Hu, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Active Nonlinear State Observers In this talk we will discuss state observers for some classes of nonlinear mobile systems. For such systems, the observability does not only depend on the initial conditions, but also on the exciting control used. Thus, design of active control is an integral part in the design for state observers, which is in sharp contrast to the linear case. Here some sufficient conditions will be given for the existence and convergence of such an observer. ________________________________________________ Karl H. Johansson, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Multi-robot coordination under limited communication In many networked control systems it is desirable to minimize the amount of information being communicated between controller nodes in order to avoid network congestion. In this talk we will discuss the interaction between control performance and communication policy for a particular multi-robot system, namely, a rendezvous problem for a team of autonomous vehicles communicating over quantized channels. The presented results illustrate how communication topologies based on various quantization schemes influence the control performance. This is joint work with Fabio Fagnani, Alberto Speranzon and Sandro Zampieri. ________________________________________________ Rolf Johansson, Lund University, Sweden OBSERVER-BASED STRICT POSITIVE REAL (SPR) SYSTEMS This lecture presents theory for stability analysis and design for a class of observer-based feedback control systems. Relaxation of the controllability and observability conditions imosed in the Yakubovich-Kalman-Popov (YKP) lemma can be made for a class of nonlinear systems described by a linear time-invariant system (LTI) with a feedbackconnected cone-bounded nonlinear element. It is shown how a circle-criterion approach can be used to design an observer-based state feedback control which yields a closedloop system with specified robustness characteristics. The approach is relevant for design with preservation of stability when a cone-bounded nonlinearity is introduced in the feedback loop. Important applications are to be found in nonlinear control with high robustness requirements. ________________________________________________ Ulf Jönsson, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden On the Robustness of Oscillator Networks Conditions for robust stability of networks of identical coupled oscillators are derived. We assume that the coupling of the network is such that the limit cycle of a single oscillator is embedded in the network solution. When this is the case the network is said to be synchronized and all oscillators remain in their nominal limit cycle. We provide conditions for the system to remain synchronized when the oscillators are perturbed and no longer identical. For a special case we discuss how the network topology can be designed for a specified rate of convergence to the synchronized state. ________________________________________________ Anders Lindquist, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Kullback-Leibler approximation of spectral densities We introduce a Kullback-Leibler type distance between spectral density functions of stationary stochastic processes and solve the problem of optimal approximation of a given spectral density $\Psi$ by one that is consistent with prescribed second-order statistics. In general, such statistics are expressed as the state covariance of a linear filter driven by a stochastic process whose spectral density is sought. ________________________________________________ Anton Shiriaev, Umeå University, Sweden Generating and Controlling Stable Walking Patterns in Bipeds The talk suggests the description of new method for controlling underactuated mechanical systems such as walking mechanisms. The problem of generating stable walking pattern in bipeds includes two subproblems: motion generation (kicking a ball, exercizing, making a step) and rendering a chosen motion stable (that is feasible in experiments). The current method suggests solution for both subproblems: the first one is solved on a basis of new concept in mechanics a virtual holonomic constraint; while for the second subproblem the method describes a design procedure for exponential orbital stabilization of any generated motion on the first step. The final feedback controller is time varying and nonlinear. The theoretical contribution of the talk is illustrated by some experimental tests. ________________________________________________ Jonas Sjöberg, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Estimating independent parameterized plant and noise models in nonlinear processes: possibilities of using linear model-on-demand in combination with instrumental variable techniques Most used nonlinear model structures can be described as nonlinear regression models where the regressor contains past input and output values. Such models are also often described as nonlinear ARX models. This class of model structures has algorithmic advantages since the the prediction model, ie, the mapping from the regressor to the output estimate, is a static mapping and there are no stability problems in the estimation algorithm. The draw-back is that the noise model cannot be chosen independent from the plant model and this can be a significant disadvantage if the data is noisy. On the contrary, nonlinear model structures with independent plant and noise models have the disadvantage that the prediction error method (PEM) can become unstable. The computational load of the estimation algorithm is also considerably larger than for nonlinear regression models. This talk gives a background to the problems described above and presents an alternative to PEM for model structures with independent plant and noise models. It is based on a combination of two established methods: The first method is models-on-demand, a framework where a local linear model is estimated at a point in the regressor space where a prediction is needed. The second method is the instrumental-variable technique, well-known from linear system identification. By first applying a high order models-on-demand an estimate of a noise-free data set is obtained which forms the base for the estimation of the plant and the noise models. This is joint work with Astrid Lundgren, Chalmers. ________________________________________________ Olof Staffans, Åbo Akademi, Finland Passive and Conservative Infinite-Dimensional Linear State/Signal Systems We develop the theory of linear infinite-dimensional passive and conservative time-invariant systems in discrete and continuous time. The model that we use is built around a state/signal node, which differs from a standard input/state/output node in the sense that we do not distinguish between input singnals and output signals, only between the state space (the "interior") and the signal space (the "exterior"). Our state/signal model is an infinite-dimensional version of Willems' behavioral model with latent variables interpreted as the state. We first take both the state space and the signal space to be Hilbert spaces, and explain what standard notions, such as existence and uniqueness of solutions, continuous dependence on initial


The present invention, through the RFID (HF), or other provides dual display reusable electronic bag tag capable of receiving bag tag data wirelessly via wireless means, the double display reusable electronic bag tags, there are visual bag tag data and bar code line-of-sight direction scanning and tracking technology and backward compatibility, there are tracking and tracking technology compatible, regardless of whether it is necessary to locally supply, other suitable to fit the (new) wireless communication technology. The present invention further provides a suitcase with an integrated electronic bag tag.


Superman was killed, not by kryptonite, but by a septic pressure ulcer. Actor Christopher Reeve, paralysed in a fall 7 years ago, was ultimately the victim of a preventable complication. Whose fault was this?


To determine the characteristics of acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to hospital with history of prior ischemic stroke(s). We hypothesized that there is an association between the number of risk factors and prior ischemic stroke irrespective of age.


Medication persistence is known to reduce acute coronary syndrome (ACS) disease mortality. As much as 13% of Indonesia's budget on national health insurance programs was used for cardiovascular disease. The number of population-based studies discussing the cost-saving opportunities of medication persistence in ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary syndrome (PCI) is still minimal. This study aimed to investigate the estimated cost saving of persistence to lipid-lowering agents in patients with ACS after their first PCI. Hospital-based, retrospective cohort study with 2 years of follow-up was conducted with 367 patients. Patients were deemed as having medication persistence if the gap between prescriptions was ≤ 30 days. Persistence assessment was done for lipid-modifying agents (WHO ATC Code: C10). The main outcome is cost-saving opportunities assessed by dividing the difference in total costs resulting from medication persistence with the difference in the proportion of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) prevented by medication persistence. The study found that direct medical costs incurred by persistent patients were significantly lower than non-persistent patients with lipid-lowering agents (IDR 9,535,209.76 versus IDR 15,933,959.28). Persistence to lipid-lowering therapy can prevent one MACE incident with cost-saving of IDR 996,192.41 when compared to non-persistence patients, while one MACCE incident can be prevented with cost-saving of IDR 733,103.02. Our study indicates that among ACS patients who underwent their first PCI, medication persistence with lipid-lowering agents can contribute to cost-saving in preventing one MACE or MACCE event. These data will be useful for policymakers to help budget allocation and reemphasize the important role of medication persistence with lipid-lowering therapy in the management of ACS after PCI.


Introduction: Maxillary molar distalization is rarely taken into account in non-growing subjects, because it is very difficult to move the maxillary molars distally after full eruption of the maxillary second and third molars, and because mandibular growth cannot be expected. On the basis of these considerations a retrospective case-control study have been conducted in non-growing subjects requiring an orthodontic class II correction. Invisalign thermoplastic aligners and class II elastics have been used in these cases to achieve a full molar and canine class I relationship. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effect of the sequential molar distalization obtained with clear aligners. Materials and Methods: All the subjects included in the study (29 subjects, 15 female, 14 male, mean age 28.2 + 4.3) were non growing patients, with an Angle molar class II and skeletal class II (ANB>4). All the subjects were undertaken a complete orthodontic evaluation with pre and post lateral x-rays (24 months of mean interval). 17 subjects were treated with Invisalign aligners in order to achieve a full molar class I relationship. Aligners and class II elastics were the only devices used during the therapy. 12 subjects were not treated and used as control group. The cephalometric protocol proposed by Byloff and Darendililer (1996) was considered for the measurements performed on the sample. A total of 116 distalizing molars were evaluated. Results: The statistical analysis showed a significant distalization movement of the upper first molars and second molars (P<0.001) with an average bodily movement of about 2mm. At the same time a significant intrusion movement of about 1 mm was observed for the upper first and second molars (P<0.05). No tipping movements were measured. During the distalization movement a good control of the upper incisors torque was revealed. No significant changes of the skeletal divergence were observed at the end of the distalization phase. Conclusions: Invisalign aligners seem to be able in controlling a distal bodily movement of the upper molars without tipping and with control of the posterior vertical dimension, thus permitting the correction of molar class II relationships in adult patients.


In recent years, Australian power transmission network is facing increasing concerns on stability issues because of transmission congestion and high transmission losses. Additionally, high renewables penetration aggravates this situation. This paper presents the findings of stability benefits of a new interconnector that connecting South Australia and Queensland. This interconnector can form a secure mesh on current grid to strength power system security especially in high renewables penetration condition. The optimal technology for this interconnection found by the author is HVDC-VSC (voltage-source converter–based on high voltage direct current). A comparative study is performed to investigate the stability benefits based on South-East Australian simplified 14-Generator equivalent network by applying PSS/E.


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). Methods A subarachnoid hemorrhage model was induced by injection of autologous blood into the rats cisterna magna. The positive cell area, number and optical density were measured at 1 h, 2 h, 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, and 5 dafter SAH by in situ hybridization. The results were compared with those of the control group and the sham-operation group. Results Thepositive cell area, number and optical density of IGF-1 in the SAH group were significantly higher than those in the control and sham-operation groups at 2 h-3 d(F=12.65-792.89,q=4.36-76.39,P0.05). The optical density of the cortex at 1h was higher than that in sham-operation group (q=4.36,P0.05). The peak expression occurred 24 h earlier in the cerebral cortex than in the thalamus and hippocampus. Conclusion IGF-1 may play a very important role in pathophysiology of SAH.


NAND flash based solid state drives (SSDs) have been widely adopted as storage devices in modern data centers to provide high performance I/O services. Recently, researchers proposed several schemes to improve energy efficiency of the system by off-loading specific computation tasks from generic processors to local processing elements in SSD controllers. However, it is inefficient to directly apply these approaches to the web-scale data analysis system equipped with modern SSDs using FPGA based controllers. More important, the design schemess proposed in prior work cannot work with our target system. In order to overcome the limitation, we present our Active SSD design, considering unique features of computation tasks in web-scale data analysis. In addition, we address an important issue about interference between normal data processing and local computation in Active SSDs. The detailed architecture of our Active SSD is described, and a prototype is implemented. Moreover, the modification to the whole system is also introduced to enable the Active SSD. Experimental results based on real applications show that the energy efficiency can be significantly improved with our design.


This paper discusses a new method of HIMM for the target tracking problem. This new method is a combination of the H∞ filter and the interactive multiple model (IMM) algorithm. The sub-filters of IMM algorithm are based on Kalman filter, in which the noise statistical characteristic should been known exactly, and in fact we only can get its approximatively models that worsen the performance of IMM algorithm. However, H∞ filter is not need to carry on any supposition to the noise statistical property, which is not sensitive to the noise, and has robustness to the uncertainty of noise. A meaningful example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the authors' method, the performances of IMM and HIMM in terms of stability, tracking accuracy and robustness are compared. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying the HIMM algorithm on the target tracking problem, which in the past have typically been solved by Kalman filters.


Objective To evaluate Fast-STIR and Gd-DTPA-enhanced techniques in diagnostic value of MRI in early stage of avascular necrosis of femoral head in adult. Methods This was a retrospective study on MRI of 44 cases in early stage of avascular necrosis of femoral heads. Examination sequences included:T1WI 、T2WI、Fast-STIR 、Gd-DTPA-enhanced. Results In 44 cases, 8 hips(left 5 hips、right 3 hips) were in stage 0, 14 hips(left 6 hips、right 8 hips) were in stage I, 26 hips(left 12hips、right 14hips)were in stage II. Doule-line sign were appeared in 56.25% of cases, bone marrow edema in 33.33%, joint effusion in 43.75%, cartilage destroy in 25%. Conclusion Fast-STIR sequence was more sensitive than SE sequence. Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced scanning can identified the tissue of putrescence and living. So the two techniques can diagnose avascular necrosis of femoral head in the early stage.


First-order constraints are first-order formulas built on a set of function and relation symbols using the following logical symbols: =, true, false, ¬, ∧, ∨, →, ↔, ∀, ∃, (,). Over the last decade, first-order constraints have been efficiently used in the artificial intelligence world to model many kinds of complex problems such as: scheduling, resource allocation, configuration, temporal and spatial reasoning, computer graphics, bio-informatics. While theory of finite or infinite trees T has played a fundamental role for both modeling and solving these problems, the complexity of solving first-order constraints with nested quantifiers and negations in T has been proved to be inherently huge (a tower of powers of two). However, a new property called decomposability has been recently introduced and used as a black-box to build many efficient first-order constraint solvers over T. We show in this paper that the algorithm which is used in this black-box (i.e. the algorithm which performs decomposability) has an exponential time and space complexity. We then present a much more efficient algorithm in the form of four rewriting rules which can perform the same decomposability in an almost-linear time and space complexity.


ABSTRACT Between 1888 and 1898 Sir William MacGregor, first Administrator of British New Guinea, orchestrated the collection of over 15,000 cultural objects. Using Appadurai's notion of 'things-in-motion', we trace the networked biography of the MacGregor collection through 'regimes of value' as it moved from the territory to museums in Australia and Britain and then repatriated to Papua New Guinea. We show how collection management practices in these institutions were shaped by attitudes about anthropology as an emerging discipline, British New Guinea, and Sir William himself. The social history of the MacGregor collections highlights the multifaceted roles that ethnographic collections have played in sustaining cultural values, strengthening personal ties, re-enforcing self-identity and supporting nation building.


The proliferation of non-linear loads (i.e. computers, variable speed drives, discharge lighting, UPS, etc.) in recent years can produce significant harmonic distortion in building wiring systems. These harmonics sometimes create serious and unexpected problems, such as the failure of electrical equipment (e.g. transformers, conductors, motors, etc.) at loads well below their maximum rating and overheating of cable systems and terminations. To the building owners and operators, energy charge of the building electrical systems is always a significant expense item, and the presence of current harmonics in the building electrical distribution systems reduce the systems' energy transmission efficiency resulting in higher electricity charge. This paper presented an energy efficiency study conducted to buildings in Hong Kong with respect to the recommendations of the code of practice for energy efficiency of electrical installations, 2000 Edition, Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, HKSAR Government and the IEEE Std 519-1992 "The IEEE recommended practice and requirements for harmonic control in electrical power systems". Preliminary suggestions on corrective measures are also proposed.


In this paper we report the results of a measurement campaign performed at the National Museum of Magna Grecia in Reggio Calabria (Italy). Portable X-Ray Fluorescence and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy instrumentation allowed in situ analysis of several bronze fragments found on an ancient Greek ship sank at Porticello (Reggio Calabria). The joint use of X-Ray Fluorescence and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy techniques allowed for a classification of the fragments according to their elemental composition. The fragments appear to belong at least to two different statues; although, in general, the compositional classification agrees well with the morphological analysis of the fragments, significant improvements with respect to previous classification emerge from the joint results of the two techniques used.


Abstract The recent development of techniques for laser-driven shock compression of hydrogen has opened the door to the experimental determination of its behavior under conditions characteristic of stellar and planetary interiors. The new data probe the equation of state (EOS) of dense hydrogen in the complex regime of pressure ionization. The structure and evolution of dense astrophysical bodies depend on whether the pressure ionization of hydrogen occurs continuously or through a "plasma phase transition" (PPT) between a molecular state and a plasma state. For the first time, the new experiments constrain predictions for the PPT. We show here that the EOS model developed by Saumon and Chabrier can successfully account for the data, and we propose an experiment that should provide a definitive test of the predicted PPT of hydrogen. The usefulness of the chemical picture for computing astrophysical EOS and in modeling pressure ionization is discussed.


Reflecting managers' drives for efficiency, productivity and more cost-effective outcomes for customers/clients, there has been a growing use of 'lean thinking' across segments of the economy including: manufacturing; banking; call centres; healthcare; educational institutions and government (Shadur, Rodwell and Bamber 1995; Linehart, Huxley and Robertson 1997). Process Re-engineering (PR) such as Lean Management (LM) and Six Sigma (SS), is used increasingly around the world even in professionalised industries such as healthcare (Womack and Jones 2003; Ben-Tovim et al. 2007; Kollberg, Dahlgaard and Brehmer 2007). Process re-engineering, also known as process redesign, can be simply defined as trying to produce improvements in performance by radical redesign of organisational processes. Despite the potential benefits of lean management approaches, the leaders of business enterprises and other organisations that have implemented lean thinking are facing significant challenges related to sustainability of such practices, as well as effectively managing the implementation and impact of these initiatives at the organisational level, particularly on managers and employees (Stewart et al. 2009). This special issue seeks to take an international perspective on examining the nexus of lean thinking and its impact on human resource management, skills, training, the design of work and other outcomes for employees. Manufacturing industries have successfully used Process Re-engineering for years. Toyota developed LM to cut costs and improve quality. LM involves identifying and reducing non-value adding process steps (Shadur et al. 1995; Womack and Jones 2003). SS is a system of quality control to reduce the number of defective parts in complex devices to six standard deviations from the mean. SS supplements LM approaches by reducing inefficiencies in value-adding operations (Arnheiter andMaleyeff 2005) and identifying and reducing variation. Given the growth of lean thinking among service based organisations across a range of industries and sectors around theworld there is a need to examine its impact on such areas such as the role ofHRMand the effectivemanagement of human resources and employee outcomes in employing organisations that have adopted such innovations. Despite the fact that lean thinking involves people doing things differently and leads to changes in work practices and processes, there is a dearth of research on the nexus of HRM and PR particularly in examining the role of effective HRM and workplace structures and processes with the implementation of PR across a range of organisations, especially servicebased organisation such as hospitals, universities, call centres andgovernment organisations.


In order to study the influences of different factors on nonlinear dynamics of face-gear transmission system,a nonlinear dynamic model is presented.This model includes backlash,general transmission error,time-varying meshing stiffness,meshing damping,bearings and external load,etc.Based on numerical analysis theory of nonlinear dynamics,the equations are solved and the bifurcation characteristics with different parameters are obtained.And the calculation results show that increasing the backlash and time-varying meshing stiffness will augment the dynamic load of system,but increasing the mesh damping will reduce the dynamic load effectively.


In this paper, the well known least-mean-square (LMS) method is applied for designing an adaptive filter used to produce a high quality halftone image. The experimental results show that the proposed LMS-designed halftoning achieves the extra benefit of edge enhancement and eliminates the annoying worm effect in error-diffused image. In addition, we provide two data hiding applications, named direct embedding LMS-designed halftone technique (DELDH) and information sharing LMS-designed halftone technique (ISLDH) to demonstrate the performance of the proposed LMS-designed halftoning. As the experimental results demonstrated, both techniques achieve excellent image quality and decoded visual patterns


In this paper, a numerical simulation model to solve the two dimensional viscous incompressible Navier Stokes equations was developed. To decouple the velocity and pressure the Projection 1 method by Chorin was employed. The governing equations was discretized by using the FEM spatially and by using the semi implicit scheme in time. To verify the model the lid driven cavity problem was analyzed. Comparison of the results with data from the literature indicates that the accuracy of the method was quite satisfactory.


Introduction Oil shale is a mineral resource that contains organic matter known as kerogen. Oil shale is used for electricity generation plants and for producing shale oil, phenols', and other chem...


As part of the High-Angle-of-Attack Technology Program (HATP), two integrated pictorial displays have been developed for piloted simulation evaluations and, ultimately, for flight testing on board the F/A-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV). The first concept is a nosepointing display which illustrates the range of control the pilot has over the aircraft nose. The second concept is a predictive flightpath display that allows the pilot to see how his current control inputs will affect his aircraft's future position and orientation. The development of both display concepts will be discussed, as well as the results from a piloted simulation experiment in which pilots viewed the flightpath display in a wide-field-of-view Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD) while engaged in an air-combat situation.


This study focuses on all-male dialogues in the popular television series Supernatural. The purpose is to determine if and to what extent some linguistic features that are said to be characteristic ...


60 Abstract— Cloud computing enables highly scalable services to be easily consumed over the Internet on an as-needed basis. A major feature of the cloud services is that user's data are usually processed remotely in unknown machines that users do not own or operate. While enjoying the convenience brought by this new emerging technology, user's fears of losing control of their own data can become a significant barrier to the wide adoption of cloud services. To manage these data in a centralized way, it is often outsourced to be stored at a third party such as cloud providers. However, there have been privacy concerns as these data could be exposed to third party servers and to unauthorized parties. To assure data owner's to access their own data, it is a promising method to encrypt the data before outsourcing. To achieve fine-grained and scalable access to owner's data, we use RSA based encryption techniques to encrypt the data file using public key and users who need the data will decrypt the file using owners private key, so that security of the data file will get enhanced.


Collision of a droplet onto a still spherical particle was experimentally investigated. The effect of droplet impact velocity and wettability of the particle surface on collision outcomes was studied (0.05 < V0 < 5.0 and θ = 70°, 90°, 118°). Compared to the literature, the range of Weber number variations was significantly extended (0.1 < We < 1146), and while focus of the previous works was on impacts in which particle is larger than the droplet (Dr < 1), the drop to particle diameter ratio in this work was larger than one. Therefore, formation of a thin liquid film, i.e., lamella, was observed due to impact of a relatively high velocity droplet onto a hydrophobic particle. Temporal variations of various geometrical parameters of collision outcomes including lamella length and lamella base diameter were investigated during the impact. It was also shown that for hydrophobic targets, the extent of hydrophobicity of the particle does not affect the lamella geometry. A comprehensive map of all the available ...


Abstract Recent regulations introduced by the Chinese government regarding big data technologies are welcome to those long concerned about the risks associated with their rapid deployment. However, these changes are not sufficient to safeguard privacy and data security. More importantly, these policies may not have fully accounted for the disruptive nature of these technologies. In this paper, we examine the need and the potential of new approaches in policy design regarding disruptive technologies by examining the case of facial recognition technology (FRT) in China. We argue that adaptive governance provides a useful framework for future policy design. Regulatory sandbox approach, policy mix and stakeholder engagement are among key policy measures to overcome regulatory challenges.


Novel TiO2/Sn3O4 heterostructure photocatalysts were ingeniously synthesized via a scalable two-step method. The impressive photocatalytic abilities of the TiO2/Sn3O4 sphere nanocomposites were validated by the degradation test of methyl orange and •OH trapping photoluminescence experiments under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light irradiation, respectively. Especially under the visible light, the TiO2/Sn3O4 nanocomposites demonstrated a superb photocatalytic activity, with 81.2% of methyl orange (MO) decomposed at 30 min after irradiation, which greatly exceeded that of the P25 (13.4%), TiO2 (0.5%) and pure Sn3O4 (59.1%) nanostructures. This enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the mesopore induced by the monodispersed TiO2 cores that supply sufficient surface areas and accessibility to reactant molecules. This exquisite hetero-architecture facilitates extended UV-visible absorption and efficient photoexcited charge carrier separation.


Within this paper two methods to estimate the aerodynamic benefits of a two-aircraft formation will be compared. The first model calculates the average up-wash velocity at the follower's wing resulting from the leaders wake and superimposes it on the aircraft speed during the trajectory calculation. The second model uses a vortex lattice method to model the aerodynamic interactions between the leader and the follower for a set of specific flight states beforehand. This database can be used by the trajectory calculation to interpolate the actual benefits for the given flight. In this paper for a specific aircraft type and an example mission both methods will be compared and it will be shown, that they can be used to derive surrogate models to predict the formation benefits based on general formation data. To further improve the prediction of the aerodynamic benefits, the influence of gust and turbulence will be assessed by simulating the aircraft reaction on the disturbances and deriving a reduction factor degrading the aerodynamic benefits creating a database and corresponding surrogate models. The occurrence of turbulence and gust can then stochastically be imposed during the trajectory calculation and the sensitivity of the aerodynamic benefits will be examined.


The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades. Among the reasons for this increase is environmental pollution. Pollutants cause bronchial inflammation and introduce modifications in the pollen, making it more allergenic.


Objective
To analyze the clinical characteristics of community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia in hospitalized children and improve the clinicians′ understanding level of this disease.

Methods
Data of 70 cases with community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia admitted to the Respiratory Department and Infectious Disease, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, from November 2009 to April 2018 were collected and the clinical characteristics were analyzed.

Results
Of the 70 cases, 61 cases(89.7%) were discharged after improvement.The median age was 3.5 years old, and 50 cases(71.4%) were 0 to 5 years old.There were 29 cases with severe influenza pneumonia, 41 cases with mild influenza pneumonia, 3 cases died, and 19 cases(27.1%) had underlying diseases.Sixty-four cases (91.4%) were hospitalized in winter and spring.The first symptoms were mainly fever in 64 cases (91.4%) and cough in 65 cases (92.9%), and temperatures were mostly from 39.1 ℃ to 41.0 ℃.Lung auscultation was dominated by moist rales (30 cases, 58.8%) and wheezing (8 cases, 15.7%). There were many complications of influenza virus pneumonia, including 19 cases with myocardial injury, 11 cases with liver function injury, 4 cases with toxic encephalopathy, 3 cases with electrolyte disturbance, 2 cases with multiple organ failure, 2 cases with hemophagocytic syndrome, and 1 case with septic shock.Chest radiographic results reveal bilateral inflammation in 40 children (57.1%), prodominatly in lower lobe lesions (39 cases). The common changes were patchy shadow, interstitial parenchymal lesion, ground glass shadow, and pleural effusion.Forty-seven children (67.1%) were infected by influenza A, and 23 children(32.9%) were co-infected.The percentage of severe cases with underlying diseases (68.4%) was significantly higher than that in children without chronic diseases (31.4%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.830, P=0.005). The increase rate of C reaction protein(CRP) in severe cases (54.3%) was significantly higher than that in mild cases (28.6%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.769, P=0.029).

Conclusions
Community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia in children mainly occurs in winter and spring.It is more common seen in children under 5 years of age.The main clinical manifestations of community-acquired influenza virus pneumonia are high fever and cough, extrapulmonary complications are more common.Most children have moist rales and showed bilateral inflammation and lower lobe lesions in chest radiography.Children with underlying diseases are more likely to develop severe influenza virus pneumonia.Elevated CRP is associated with severe influenza virus pneumonia.Most patients have a good prognosis, but there are still cases of death.

Key words:
Influenza virus pneumonia; Community-acquired infections; Child


For an enterprise,the coordination of internal resources with effective human resources operation has become an important way to obtain irreplaceable competitive advantages and continue to create value.Based on the feedback mechanism of system dynamics(SD),the situational factors of value creation are analyzed in this paper.According to these analyses,the SD model is set up which is running with Vensim software.The paper dynamically simulates the degree of synergy between human resources and power resources as well as the employee satisfaction to identify what kind of impact they have on the logistics supply capacity and enterprises profit,which are two main performance factors for value creation.Comparative policy analysis is also made between purely increasing logistics investment and increasing logistics investment while focusing on the logistics resource synergy.


The semi-rigid base asphalt pavement is easy to produce reflection cracks,and it is proved that setting a sandwich layer of unbound graded aggregate under the asphalt pavement can prevent reflection cracking effectively.By using the ABAQUS finite element method and through fracture mechanics analysis,this paper draws a conclusion that setting a sandwich layer of unbound graded aggregate under the asphalt pavement can reduce the stress intensity factor of the subbase and prevent reflection cracking effectively.Simultaneously the suitable increasing of the the subbase modulus can slow down the expansion of reflection cracking.The results provide a theoretical basis for reasonable setting of the sandwich layer under the asphalt pavement.


Abstract : Since the initial USAF aircraft losses to North Vietnamese air defenses, electronic combat has become an increasingly vital element of modern air warfare. Initially a self-protective defensive tactical reaction to a hostile anti-aircraft environment, electronic combat has steadily evolved into a full-fledged offensive element central to an air campaign. The present study traces this evolution over the course of four conflicts-Vietnam, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 1982 Bekka Valley Campaign, and Desert Storm--and contrasts it with the more slowly changing substance of the Air Force's basic doctrinal manual, Air Force Manual 1 - 1, over the same period of time. Based on the variance between AFM 1-1 and the emphasis placed on electronic combat by the Desert Storm air campaign, the study explores the manual's relevance to the currently practiced realities as they apply to electronic combat. Further, the study questions AFM 1-1's insufficient discussion of both the need to equip the force for the next war and to examine trends, first evident during Desert Storm, that may well be crucial in future conflicts. The immediate challenge for doctrine is to adequately emphasize the pervasive nature of electronic combat in modem air war and to apply those lessons with an eye toward the future as well as the past.


With regard to the universality of Lurie systems in the engineering problems,an analysis was made of the application of the synchronization of chaotic Lurie systems to secret communication.Based on Lyapunov stabilization theory,solving a Riccati equation could result in a synchronal control quantity,which was then applied to the driving-responding systems of secret communication with chaotic masking.The simulations show that chaotic Lurie system well masks the information signal,even though its amplitude is not small.The driving-responding systems can fulfill the rapid synchronization without overshoot or vibration.


Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a natural non-caloric substitute to conventional sugar, is also popular as the "sweet herb of Paraguay". It is a storehouse of various bioactive constituents mainly, the ent-kaurene diterpene glycosides namely stevioside, rebaudioside A, B, C, D and E. The plant is known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities like hypoglycemic, anti-oxidant, anticancer, antibacterial activities. The present research is based on a preliminary phytochemical screening and comparative evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of the dried leaves of five varieties of Stevia rebaudiana procured from five different geographical locations of India viz., Delhi, Surat, Kangra, Bangalore and Indore. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content was also determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride colorimetric. The result showed that the variety from Kangra showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content of 5.87 and 62.22 mg GAE/L respectively. Keyword: Stevia rebaudiana, Non-Caloric Substitute, Ent-Kaurene Glycosides, Comparative Standardization.


In the political field of news articles, there are polarized and biased characteristics such as conservative and liberal, which is called political bias. We constructed keyword-based dataset to classify bias of news articles. Most embedding researches represent a sentence with sequence of morphemes. In our work, we expect that the number of unknown tokens will be reduced if the sentences are constituted by subwords that are segmented by the language model. We propose a document embedding model with subword tokenization and apply this model to SVM and feedforward neural network structure to classify the political bias. As a result of comparing the performance of the document embedding model with morphological analysis, the document embedding model with subwords showed the highest accuracy at 78.22%. It was confirmed that the number of unknown tokens was reduced by subword tokenization. Using the best performance embedding model in our bias classification task, we extract the keywords based on politicians. The bias of keywords was verified by the average similarity with the vector of politicians from each political tendency.


Each participant will frame his or her perspective by initially stating either unqualified acceptance or unqualified rejection of each of seven propositions. Following this, he or she will discuss the definitions and assumptions underlying the declarations, and the rationale and experiences supporting the selections. The form of these discussions will be the participant's model of effective software quality assurance with reference to the propositions as appropriate.


A method for Ankontaktieren a device (30) in a circuit board layer sequence (10) comprising the steps of: providing a device (30) having contact surfaces (34, 36, 38) made of a metal material that is not copper; Preparing a sequence of layers laminate (10) with an embedded device; Generating one or more holes (V1, V2, VL) in a surface of the laminate layer sequence (10) for at least partial uncovering of the contact surfaces (34, 36, 38) of the component (30); Treating of oxide layers (35, 37) on the exposed contact surfaces (34, 36), depositing a base metal layer (40) and performing a plating process for amplifying the base metal layer (40) with a copper layer (42). Circuit board having a printed circuit board layer structure (10) and incorporated therein component (30), wherein the device (30) at least one contact surface (34, 36, 38) having at least one blind hole (V1, V2, VL) is ankontaktiert, wherein the in the region of at least one via (V1, V2, VL) has contact surface (34, 36, 38) a layer of metallic material that is not copper, to the right and without the presence of a metal oxide layer (35, 37) (a base metal layer 40) connects, which (by aufgalvanisiertes copper 42) is reinforced.


In the present work, the relationship between the large substituent effects on 3J(C1H) in 1‐X‐3‐M‐bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, I, and the polarizability of the bridgehead C3(SINGLE BOND)Mα bond is investigated. The existence of such a relationship is suggested by the finding that the effect of an electronegative substituent X on 3J(C1Mα) couplings in I (M=H) is due to a distortion of the C3(SINGLE BOND)H bond toward the C1 center, which enhances the Fermi contact interaction. If such distortion originates in an electrostatic effect, then in other members of this series it can be expected that the substituent effects on 3J(C1Mα) couplings should depend strongly on the C3(SINGLE BOND)Mα bond polarizability. Two approaches are followed. First, the ab initio CLOPPA‐IPPP method is applied to study the C3(SINGLE BOND)Mα bond contribution to the molecular static polarizability tensor in I (M=H, F, CH3). Such bond polarizabilities are found to follow the same trend as calculated as well as experimentally determined substituent effects on 3J(C1Mα) couplings, which were measured as part of this work in I [X=H, Cl; M=F, CH3 and X=OCH3; M=Sn(CH3)3]. Second, 3J(C1Mα) couplings (M=H, CH3) are calculated at an ab initio level for X=H, F, and they are compared with those obtained in the parent compound (X=H) if the calculation is carried out in the presence of an inhomogeneous electric field. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 181–188, 1998


The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of low energy neutrons for the induction of various abnormalities in Tradescantia stamen hair mutation (Trad-SH) assay was studied using two clones (T-4430 and T-02), heterozygous for flower color. Dose response relationships for gene mutations induced in somatic cells of Trad-SH were investigated after irradiation with a mixed neutron beam of the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR), currently used in a clinical trial of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for glioblastoma. To establish the RBE of the BMRR beam in the induction of various biological end-points in Tradescantia, irradiation with various doses of γ-rays was also performed. After irradiation all plants were cultivated several days at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), then transported to Poland for screening the biological end-points. Due to the post-exposure treatment, all plants showed high levels of lethal events and alteration of the cell cycle. Plants of clone 4430 were more reactive to post-treatment condi- tions, resulting in decreased blooming efficiency that affected the statistics. Slope coefficients estimated from the dose response curves for gene mutation frequencies allowed the evaluation of ranges for the maximal RBE values of the applied beam vs. γ-rays as 6.0 and 5.4 for the cells of T-02 and T-4430, respectively. Estimated fraction of doses from neutrons and corresponding biological effects for the clones T-02 and T-4430 allowed to evaluate the RBE values for neutrons part in the beam as 32.3 and 45.4, respectively.


The approximate linear coupling model of looper height and tension in the vicinity of the operating point of hot strip rolling looper system is established.Two subsystems of looper height and tension are controlled by two fractional order adaptive PID controllers.The system is decoupled dynamically by single neuron decoupling on the base of static decoupling.Simulation results show that this algorithm not only has good dynamic and static performance,but also greatly reduces the coupling effect between looper height and tension.


Osmiophilic bodies appear in parts of the colonial growth of Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. hordei Em Marchal culture CR3 growing on the susceptible commercial Keystone variety of barley. They are readily observed by the light and electron microscope after osmium tetroxide staining and are abundant in conidiophores, conidia, and mycelium except in haustorial mother cells, in which they are usually absent. The metabolism of haustorial mother cells is distinct and the fine structure of adjoining cells is frequently different. Osmiophilic bodies are absent from the growing hyphal tip, but gradually increase in number and size further back in the terminal cell. Electron micrographs show that they are intracytoplasmic, intravacuolar, and up to 1 μ in diameter. When the colony is washed with acetone or alcohol rather than with aqueous buffer, after glutaraldehyde fixation, before osmium tetroxide fixation, the osmiophilic bodies are removed, indicating that they are lipids. Fat stains, Sudan black B, and Sudan IV...


This study aimed to determine the improvement of the Environmental Epidemiology Subject's learning outcomes through Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) and Co-op Co-op learning model strategy. This study was a classroom action research and compared the scores in the semester of the academic year 2018/2019 (conventional class) and 2019/2020 (learning model strategy). This study's subjects were 45 fourth grade students. The average midtest score obtained by students was increasing with 72.07. From the results of the t-test, it is obtained that the t-count at 2.94 is higher than the t-table of 2.026. This data showed that the learning outcomes of students increased significantly compared to conventional. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the TSTS and Co-op Co-op that was the model that invites the students to be active through the group in the learning activities.


The continual increase in the incidence of insulin resistance and the associated metabolic syndrome has necessitated the thrust for the development of therapeutic agent that could ameliorate this condition. Even though the use of andrographolide for therapeutic purposes has gained wide acceptability, it's used in the treatment of insulin resistance that associated with immunological, and pathophysiological derangements have not been evaluated. This study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative effect of andrographolide on high fat diet induced insulin resistance in male mice immunologically. Fortyeight apparently healthy ICR male mice were divided into 4 groups, CN, CP, HFA25 and HFA50 (12 mice per group). CP, HFA25 and HFA50 were fed with high fat diet for 24 weeks than HFA25 and HFA50 groups were treated for 15 days with 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight respectively. The CN group was fed a standard diet, while the CP group was fed with high-fat diet containing 45% of energy derived from fat, 20% from protein and 35% from carbohydrate. The mice were sacrificed at the end of the treatment. Blood leptin, Glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and IgM, IgG, GGT, TNFα, IL-1β.IL-6 MD, adiponectin were determined. High fat diet was observed to induce increase in levels of leptin, AST, ALT, Glucose, insulin, ALP, Cholesterol, TG, VLDL, GGT, TNFα, IL-1β.IL6 MDA and decline in adiponectin, IgM, IgG, and HDL, while 15 days treatment with andrographolide ameliorated the pathophysiological changes of insulin resistance in mice by use antiinsulin beta cell receptor to detection the number of beta cell of pancrase in treated groups according to immunperoxidase protocol. It was concluded that Andrographolide has potential ameliorative in insulin resistant mice.


In most information management systems, the capability management is designed from the viewpoint of object, such as files, database tables. However, such method neglects the capability control structure of current enterprise and this management is lack of hierarchy, so it is not suitable for current enterprises. In building software corporation management platform (SCMP), we proposed a new concept of capability groups with hierarchical relations. In this paper we describe the details of the design and implementation of the capability groups with hierarchical relations from the viewpoint of subject.


The focus of this study lies on the investigation of the space vector modulation of a self-sensing three-phase radial active magnetic bearing. The determination of the rotor position information is performed by a current slope-based inductance measurement of the actuator coils. Therefore, a special pulse width modulation sequence is applied to the actuator coils by a conventional three-phase inverter. The choice of the modulation type is not unique and provides degrees of freedom for different modulation patterns, which are described in this work. For a self-sensing operation of the bearing, certain constraints of the space vector modulation must be considered. The approach of a variable space vector modulation is investigated to ensure sufficient dynamic in the current control as well as the suitability for a self-sensing operation with an accurate rotor position acquisition. Therefore, different space vector modulation strategies are considered in theory as well as proven in experiments on a radial magnetic bearing prototype. Finally, the performance of the self-sensing space vector modulation method is verified by an external position measurement system.


Imprint lithography template, a method of forming by and using the template, and the template holder device is described. Imprint lithography template includes a body having a plurality of recesses in the surface. Body is transparent to activating light. At least some of the plurality of recesses forms a feature of about 250nm smaller dimensions. Templates are formed by obtaining a transparent material to activating light to form a plurality of recesses on the surface of the template. Some of the templates further includes one of the alignment marks. Imprint lithography is used to form the transfer layer on the light-curing liquid provided on a substrate. Using the template is placed in the template holder. Template holders template, the support plate includes an opening configured to comprise a body, receiving at least one piezo actuator coupled to the body. Piezo actuator is arranged to alter the physical dimensions of the template during use.


On 9 August 2014, Darren Wilson, a white police officer, shot and killed Michael Brown, an unarmed black teenager, in Ferguson, Missouri. Soon after the shooting, two crowdfunding campaigns were organized through the GoFundMe platform, one for Darren Wilson and one for the family of Michael Brown. Using the work of Bauman, Dean, and Fuchs, I argue that these crowdfunding campaigns function as neoliberal mechanisms. Through the depoliticization and displacement of political energies, and the redirection of those energies towards the private sphere, these campaigns provide for affective political expression while simultaneously neutralizing its disruptive political potential.