The aim of this thesis was to provide a better understanding of the needs of spider monkeys (genus: Ateles) kept in zoological parks in order to provide an appropriate environment, which enhances the physical and emotional wellbeing of the individuals. This series of studies adopted primarily a physiological approach that entailed measuring cortisol in urine samples collected over a seven year period to assess the impact of a variety of social and environmental conditions. My studies also involved behavioural observations and a questionnaire study to collect information from other zoological parks that maintain groups of spider monkeys. In order to address the aims of my research I first validated an enzyme immunoassay for urinary cortisol which allowed for the activity of the HPA axis to be measured to assess the physiological stress responses in spider monkeys. The first study assessed the impact of visitors on spider monkeys by comparing levels of urinary cortisol collected with visitor numbers and I found an increase in visitor numbers was associated with an increase in cortisol. This was the first time the physiological impact of visitors was investigated and supports behavioural research that visitors adversely impact on primates in zoos. The second study I carried out involved a questionnaire to investigate frequency, direction and intensity of aggression in zoohoused spider monkeys in 55 other zoos around the world. The pattern of aggression reported indicated severe and lethal aggression was relatively frequent among captive spider monkeys. Adult males were the most frequent actors of aggression and sub adult males were the most frequent targets, contradicting reports from wild spider monkeys. This aggression could be a condition of the management of spider monkeys in the zoos whereby males are normally transferred between zoos contradicting reports from the wild spider monkeys in which females would emigrate on reaching maturity. Next I investigated aggressive, reproductive and separation stressors on the spider monkeys housed at Chester Zoo over a seven year period and measured their effects via changes in urinary cortisol prior to, at and following each event. Aggression had the largest effect, with targets and bystanders having the highest levels of cortisol on the day of aggression for severe and lethal aggression, respectively. When examining the reproductive events, cortisol levels were significantly elevated in the mother the week prior to and the day of birth, but were highest for bystander females on the day of birth. In the case of separations, cortisol was elevated when an individual was separated for longer than 24 hours for separations and less than 24 hour for reintroductions. Finally I investigated the replacement of the breeding male in the spider monkeys at Chester Zoo. Although a significant behavioural effect was identified in the adult females, there was little evidence of an increase in urinary cortisol among them. In addition, there were no instances of aggression between the adult male and juvenile male in the group. Overall conclusions from this study indicate that the group of spider monkeys did demonstrate a varying stress response to a variety of social and environmental stressors associated with elevated cortisol levels and behavioural changes. However, there was no evidence of long term chronic stressors which are normally associated with poor welfare. This indicated that the environment provided for this particular group of zoo-housed spider monkeys generally allowed for the individuals within the group to cope and adapt. In light of these findings the study also makes a number of recommendations regarding the enclosure design, relocation of individuals and the gradual introduction of spider monkeys in zoos. The findings of this study are important as it contributes to our understanding of the physiological responses to stressors in a zoo environment and therefore has implications for animal management. It also identifies potential species specific requirements for the spider monkey that should be considered.


New chiral upper and lower rim (R)-binaphthyl-bridged calix[4]arenes in the cone conformation (5, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18) have been synthesized by exploiting the selective functionalization of the calix[4]arene skeleton. The conformational properties of the new hosts in CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 have been clarified by dynamic NMR measurements, and their complexation properties toward neutral molecules, alkali metal, and silver(I) cations have been explored. The upper rim binaphthyl-bridged calix[4]arene 5 is able to form a 1:1 complex with Ag+ in CDCl3:CD3OD 1:1 v/v solution, where the silver cation is encapsulated into the apolar cavity. The determined association constant (log K = 3.51) is substantially higher than for unbridged calix[4]arenes in the cone conformation. These new macrobicyclic compounds are potential hosts for chiral recognition and catalysis.


In line with international and European human rights instruments and standards, the EU Member States are under obligation to protect children from all forms of violence. The establishment of a holistic child protection system is the primary obligation of each EU Member State and a prerequisite for the effective protection of children. An integrated child protection system covers a wide range of comprehensive and integrated measures, and includes multi-disciplinary, crosssectorial and inter-agency cooperation of all duty-bearers. Due to migration to the EU and mobility within the EU, the number of cross-border and transnational child protection situations has been increasing. These situations require cooperation between social welfare, judicial, investigative and other authorities in different EU Member States. This paper gives an overview of the EU legislation and policies relevant to child protection, and examines the EU's role in reinforcing the protection of children against violence.


Two types of congruential pseudorandom number generators based on inversions were introduced recently. We analyze the statistical independence properties of these pseudorandom numbers by means of the serial test. The results show that these pseudorandom numbers perform satisfactorily under the serial test. The methods of proof rely heavily on bounds for character sums such as the Weil-Stepanov bound for character sums over finite fields.


We present the case of a 61‐year‐old female with double common bile duct (CBD) with an opening into the lesser curvature of the stomach. We discuss the role of curved‐planar reformatted computed tomography (CT) and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd‐BOPTA)–enhanced T1‐weighted MRI in confirming the diagnosis of this uncommon disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;29:209–211. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


HE PRESENT investigation was carried out on 4-years old ......."Canino" apricot trees budded on Balady apricot seedlings rootstock during 2006, 2007 and 2008 seasons. Humic acid (HA) as soil and/or foliar and EM as soil application were applied. The applied treatments were: T1: HA (soil), T2: HA (soil + spray), T3: HA (spray), T4: HA (soil)+ EM (soil), T5: HA (soil + spray)+ EM, T6: HA (spray) + EM (soil), T7: EM alone, T8:control (untreated trees) without HA and/or EM.


Hydrotalcites with different Al/Al + Mg ratios, and prepared at different pH and different aging temperatures of the gel were used as precursors of Mg-Al mixed oxides, and their textural and physicochemical properties were determined. A complete reaction network for the isopropanol decomposition on these catalysts has been established, and it is shown that the concentration of acetone in the products cannot always be used for a direct estimation of the rate of dehydrogenation. The Al/Al + Mg ratio for which the maximum in activity is obtained depends on the base strength needed for each particular reaction. For dehydrogenation of isopropanol, this is found at Al/Al + Mg ≍ 0.25.


This paper examines the long-run and short-run determinants of unleaded petrol prices in Australia's capital cities using monthly data to test whether prices respond asymmetrically to external shocks. In the long-run petrol prices are mainly determined by the Tapis crude oil and Singapore petrol prices. There is some evidence of asymmetric price adjustments in the short-run since petrol price increases have been mostly passed on to the consumer faster than price decreases in four capital cities. One can thus argue that there are a significant degree of market inefficiency and/or collusion, requiring closer government price monitoring and scrutiny.


A diffusive model with a price dependent diffusion coefficient was recently proposed to explain the occurrence of non-Gaussian price return distributions observed empirically in real markets [J.L. McCauley and G.H. Gunaratne, Physica A 329, 178 (2003)]. Depending on the functional form of the diffusion coefficient, the exactly solved continuum limit of the model can produce either an exponential distribution, or a "fat-tailed" power-law distribution of returns. Real markets, however, are discrete, and, in this paper, the effects of discreteness on the model are explored. Discrete distributions from simulations and from numerically exact calculations are presented and compared to the corresponding distributions of the continuum model. A type of phase transition is discovered in discrete models that lead to fat-tailed distributions in the continuum limit, sheading light on the nature of such distributions. The transition is to a phase in which infinite price changes can occur in finite time.


Integrative approaches that incorporate multiple experiments have shown a potential application in the discovery of disease-related attributes. This study presents a unique, data-driven, integrative, Bayesian approach to merge gene expression data from various experiments into prognostic models and evaluate them for the discovery of bipolar-related attributes. Two prognostic models were constructed: a singly-structured Bayesian and a Bayesian multi-net model, which differentiated bipolar disease state at a higher level of abstraction. These prognostic models were evaluated to find the most common attributes responsible for the disease and their AUROC, using external cross-validation. The multi-net model achieved an AUROC of 0.907 significantly outperforming the single- structured model with an AUROC of 0.631. The study found six new genes and five chromosomal regions associated with the bipolar state. We anticipate this method and results will be used in the future to integrate information from multiple experiments for the same or related phenotypes of various diseases and also to predict the disease state earlier.


Though prior authorization (PA) is an important tool for controlling the rising cost of U.S. healthcare, it also represents a common pain point for both payers and providers in terms of cost and administrative burden. These burdens can also act contrary to organizations moving toward value-based care and a consumercentric healthcare system. Electronic and automated PA systems can lower the costs and burdens of the PA process for all parties, but not all solutions are created equal or deployed effectively. To identify and understand current and future trends, obstacles and opportunities in PA, Leavitt Partners conducted a series of interviews with medical and pharmacy directors from payers, including health plans and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), across the U.S. regarding their PA process, challenges and best practices. Cognizant 20-20 Insights


This investigation was carried out for the purpose of obtaining materials for the layout of pillar working or of driving close parallel headings. The stress state in an elastic ground with six parallel openings, square in section, was analysed by means of photo-elastic experiments under the initial stress in one direction as well as in two directions. The results are as shown in Fig. 3 and 4. The conclusion to this research will be given in the 2nd report.


This paper presents our tool for the Vast Challenge 2019 Mini Challenge 1 (MC1). It will give an overview of the approach of data preprocessing techniques used for the given dataset and it will introduce our application which is built considering the requirements and questions to be answered for the MC1. This application consists of Machine Learning techniques and Information Visualization techniques such as Integrated Spatial Uncertainty Visualization as shown in this paper [1] to convey the needed information to the end users. To show the usefulness of this application we give examples of analysis.


E. A-, wet. 25, was admitted into St. Thomas's Hospital under the care of Mr. Mason, owing to injuries received by the fall of a house. She died of the results of the accident in a manner which need not be related now, as it has no bearing upon the condition of the brain found after death, which is the subject of the present communication. The condition referred to was evidently a congenital abnormality, and was accompanied by a cer. tainldiminution in size of the right arm and leg, and by rigidity of the former. I never saw the patient until I performed the postmortem examination upon her, and no account was obtained


In practice, emotional speech utterances are often collected from different devices or conditions, which will lead to discrepancy between the training and testing data, resulting in sharp decrease of recognition rates. To solve this problem, in this letter, a novel transfer semisupervised non-negative matrix factorization (TSNMF) method is presented. A semi-supervised negative matrix factorization algorithm, utilizing both labeled source and unlabeled target data, is adopted to learn common feature representations. Meanwhile, the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) as a similarity measurement is employed to reduce the distance between the feature distributions of two databases. Finally, the TSNMF algorithm, which optimizes the SNMF and MMD functions together, is proposed to obtain robust feature representations across databases. Extensive experiments demonstrate that in comparison to the state-of-the-art approaches, our proposed method can significantly improve the cross-corpus recognition rates. key words: speech emotion recognition, transfer learning, non-negative matrix factorization, semi-supervised learning


This study intends to cover aspects concerning the performance-based seismic assessment (PBSA) of pile-supported wharves following the state of the art and current design criteria given by The Port of Long Beach (POLB-WDC-2015) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE/COPRI 61-14) guidelines. The performance criteria is based on three earthquake levels: Operational Earthquake (OLE), Contingency Earthquake (CLE) and Design Earthquake (DE). In this analytical study, the displacement demand was estimated by simplified bi-dimensional methods such as the elastic stiffness and substitute structure, as well as tri-dimensional analyses such as the response spectra and non-linear time-history. For the last two methods, the "SuperPile" concept was implemented. Since, the wharf study was assumed to be located in the Coast of Peru, zone of high seismic activity, the Peruvian Seismic Code, Norma E.030-2016, was adopted to determine the seismic demand under the three seismic levels. The soil-pile interaction was considered by nonlinear springs, p-y curves, as per recommendations given by the API RP 2A WSD-2000 for sands. The current seismic evaluation includes only the inertial loading effects on the structural system, neglecting the kinematic action of soil deformation on piles, as well as soil liquefaction potential or lateral spreading. A single segment of a marginal wharf 39.2 m wide and 240 m long was evaluated. The wharf is supported by steel pipe piles, with embedded reinforced concrete section at the pile deck connection. Piles were modelled by inelastic beam-column elements with distributed plasticity model. Earthquake accelerograms were matched to the target response spectrum. The SeismoSoft software was used for this study. The substitute structure method was determined to be a simplified and reliable method for this assessment. It was found that the OLE earthquake level becomes critical for the performance evaluation and the critical plastic hinges are located near the pile-deck


The results of the quantum-chemical calculations of radical formation energies from simple organic molecules in gas phase and in dielectric polarizable medium using AM1 and MNDO Hamiltonians with original MNDO and recent MNDO-PM3 parametrizations in combination with self-consistent reaction field procedure are in satisfactory quantitative agreement with experimental data. A solvent-assisted merostabilization effect is observed only in the case of captodative radicals


Globalization, as most economists understand it, involves the increasing interaction of national economic systems. Of necessity, these systems are reasonably compatible and, in at least some important respects, market oriented. Certainly, market-directed capitalism has become the paradigm for most of the world, as centralplanning regimes have fallen into disfavor since their undisputed failures around the world in the four decades following World War II. But there remains an active intellectual debate over the elements of capitalism that are perceived as most essential for a productive and civil society.


This chapter explores the place the Netherlandish immigrant traders held in Venetian society, starting with its most visible expression, their homes. The house of Carlo Helman, for example, contained more than 130 paintings, including works by important Venetian artists such as Titian, Bassano, and Veronese. The homes of the Netherlandish merchants in Venice do not give the impression of a segregated group of immigrants, but of a comparatively very wealthy group. Information from the archives of the Avogaria di Comun gives an idea of one intimate relationship between a Netherlandish trader and a Venetian girl. By the first half of the seventeenth century the Venetian patriciate was experiencing a demographic crisis, caused by the tendency of noble families to restrict marriages in an attempt to maintain the family property intact and further aggravated by the plague epidemic of 1629-1631.Keywords: Carlo Helman; Netherlandish merchants; Venice


The pot experiment was conducted to study indexes of different stransgenosis Maizes that were RT,BC,PK and H.These indexes include relative water contents,relative electrical conductivity rate,photosymthesis rate,vapor rate,lost-water rate and water potential.The purpose was to evaluate comprehensively the drought resistance of four kinds transgenosis maizes and feasibility of these indexes.The result showed that the order of drought resistance was RTBCPKHCK.These chosen indexes and subordinative degree all can be applied to screening of drought resistance of stransgenosis maizes.


It seems that I spend a lot of my time oscillating between many things; the fountain pen and key board, between parchment and paper, between laser and Lamy, between sink and stove, wedging and wheel, shovel and pick, ball mill and crusher, chain saw and chisel. There is a dialectic apparent here, between new and old, thinking and doing, play and profit, process and product, making and material.


Abstract In the male-dominated theatrical world of early twentieth century China, actresses strategically relied on personal connections to survive. As "public" women and agents of mass media, they were utilized by men for different purposes. Theatrical managers and male audiences were intent on turning actresses into sexual objects in licentious plays, whereas nationalist reformers recruited actresses for mass mobilization. Actresses participated in the nation-building cause by presenting diverse human roles via the stories that either conveyed new ideologies or historical values. The fictional plots of women's emancipation, however, provided a learning process in which actresses could adopt the concepts of personal rights, self-determined marriage, and economic autonomy. The Chinese states, despite minor variations, always sustained ideals of gender distinctions and opposed or restrained women's public roles. The stories of actresses' survival and prosperity, nonetheless, demonstrated the tremendous endurance, flexibility, intelligence, and strength of Chinese women.


The present paper documented the first report of Filifusus manuelae (Bozzetti, 2008) from the Indian waters. Also, this is the second report from the Indian Ocean apart from its type locality, Madagascar. Two empty shells were collected from the Mandapam group of Islands, Gulf of Mannar.


Introduction: on June 30, 1964 the Cuban Journal of Dentistry first appeared which was a firm step in the consolidation of the studies. It is a necessity for the improvement of the professionals culture, knowing the history of medical science. The scarce literature on the subject found motivated us to do this paper. Objective: Conduct a historical research on the Cuban Journal of Dentistry. Method: A historical documentary investigation was conducted to collect data on the Cuban Journal of Dentristy. A literature review was conducted by consulting SciELO Cuba database and the database on books by Cuban authors at the Virtual Health Library, as well as the web pages where this journal is visible. Final Considerations: During these fifty years, the journal has evolved and been nurtured by the benefits of new information technologies and communications to improve accessibility and international visibility. Facing new times, this publication renews its approach to keep pace with the needs of our profession and our professionals.


The amount of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag increases steadily in proportion to the amount of steel produced via the EAF process. Unfortunately, EAF slag has faced difficulties in post-mortem treatment due to large amounts of FeO. A novel idea for recycling EAF slag is required. Thus, the iron recovery from EAF slag will be a great approach. Smelting reduction of FeO in slags with carbonaceous materials has been widely investigated, because carbon is cheap and high reducing potential. However, the CO-CO2 gas emission is the inevitable consequence during FeO reduction. In order to minimize the environmental impact by these gases, aluminothermic smelting reduction (ASR) can be considered.1-4 Even though FeO reduction rate is fast via ASR process, using excess stoichiometric aluminum makes difficult to recover iron due to a decrease of slag fluidity.1-4 In addition, use of high amount of pure Al to increase iron recovery is not economical. There are advantages and disadvantages for each material as reducing agents (i.e., carbon and aluminum), investigating the effects of using a combination of both on the FeO reduction behavior is basically necessary.


An expert system for composite material selection starting from the user's specifications was developed by the CNR-CIOC research group of the University of Bologna. Since a DBMS was necessary to manage the amount of information for material and application characterization, a logical interface between expert2 system and relational data base was developed.


In this research paper, performance characteristics of the various operating modes of dual gate organic field effect transistors (DG-OFETs) are analyzed Comparative analysis between single-gate and dual-gate OFETs is carried out. Further, effect of gate dielectric thickness (tox) variations ranging from 100nm to 200nm is investigated. Observations reveal that the electrical characteristics are strongly affected by the dielectric thickness. It has been observed that the percentage improvement in the current on-off ratio is 95.4% and transconductance is reduced by 40.5% with variation in dielectric thickness.


Determination of detection sensitivity in a number of previous pulsar search programmes was done via the straightfoward use of the radiometer equation. In the same surveys, the Fourier domain method was used to search for pulsars. As detection sensitivity is partially a function of the searching method, the straightfoward use of the radiometer equation for detection sensitivity determination is not consistent with the Fourier searching method. In this proceeding, I clarify the problem and note the way for sensitivity determination which is consistent with the Fourier searching method. More details can be found in Yu (2018).


Disclosed is a method for providing an environment map for a vehicle, wherein the environment map representing a portion of the environment and comprises cells that are each associated with a sub-section of the portion of the environment of the vehicle, each cell is associated with an occupancy information on the probability the presence of an object or part of an object in the cell associated with the respective sub-section is based; wherein the vehicle comprises a group of at least two driver assistance systems, each adapted to assume an active and an inactive state, and each having at least need occupancy information not completely overlapping portions of the surroundings of the vehicle in the active state; the method comprising: determining the driver assistance systems or those which is or or in an active state; Determining the portion of the environment by the environment map to represent, need based on the section or sections over which or required by the driver assistance system or a driver assistance systems in the active state and allocation information; Includes, in particular, the portion of the environment to the environment map to represent the or the portions on the or required by the driver assistance system or a driver assistance systems in the active state occupancy information or need.


The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating ginkgolides compounds from folium ginkgo, which comprises the following steps: 1) taking the folium ginkgo, carrying out extraction by ethanol with different concentrations from high to low, combining extracting solutions, and reclaiming the ethanol to obtain concentrated extracting solution; 2) adding ethyl acetate into the concentrated extracting solution for extraction, reclaiming organic phase and concentrating the extracting solution into extract; and 3) diluting the extract, putting the extract to preferential polar imperforate adsorption resin, washing the preferential polar imperforate adsorption resin by ethanol, reclaiming the ethanol in eluate, and crystallizing by the ethanol to obtain the ginkgolides compounds. The ginkgolides compounds comprise ginkgolides A, B, C, J and ginkgolide. The method adopts the ethanol with different concentrations from high to low to extract the folium ginkgo, improves the extraction yield for the ginkgolides compounds by more than 10 percent, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and easy industrial production; and the purity of the ginkgolides compound product reaches more than 60 percent.


Ontogeny is an important source of morphological changes. The combination of size and shape analyses throughout ontogeny helps us to better understand the importance of size and shape from an evolutionary and developmental point of view. Combining geometric and traditional morphometric analyses, we compared skull ontogenetic trajectories of 2 New World didelphimorphian marsupials, Didelphis and Philander. We obtained 32 landmarks and 35 Euclidean distances between these landmarks. Despite secondary sexual dimorphism in both genera, we obtained similar results for both sexes. Allometric comparisons showed similar skull growth patterns and rates. Most of the skull regions had negative allometric growth, except for the zygomatic region. The positive allometric growth of the zygomatic region is possibly related to the transition from lactation to solid food. We investigated size influence in separating genera, comparing analyses based on original and size-free data. Although original data separated both genera, size-free data failed to do so. We found a significant positive correlation between character changes (shape) and size when analyzing growing trajectories, suggesting an allometric change pattern. Geometric morphometrics also corroborated the notion of generic differences being mainly size-related (either scale or allometry). Vectors describing the ontogenetic trajectory were highly similar, both between genera and within each genus throughout ontogeny. Didelphis and Philander share the same orientation in their ontogenetic trajectories because of similar growth rates. However, Didelphis trajectories are relatively longer, indicating an extended growth period. Isometric size changes are responsible for 98.36% of all differences between genera in adult specimens, whereas 1.43% of differences is due to allometric shape variations, and 0.21% is due exclusively to shape variation.


The demand for robots in various application fields has been increasing in recent years. Robots are becoming active in a greater variety of environments, so there is a growing need for higher robot mobility that ensures safe and smooth movement. That need has drawn attention to the omnidirectional vehicle (ODV). ODV's can move forward and backward and turn to the left and right, but they can also move directly sideways and diagonally, and rotate in a fixed position. This high mobility enables an ODV to change direction in a small space, to parallel park easily, and perform other adaptive movements that are suitable to the vehicle environment. Omni-directional mobility has previously required special mechanisms that have been associated with problems of durability and stability. To address those problems, we have developed a nonholonomic ODV that uses two-wheel modules equipped with ordinary tires. However, the stability and smooth motion of the vehicle is usually affected by the load from the road surface, so a control system that distributes that load appropriately over all the motors is needed. Another problem is that there may be a loss of total driving force and vehicle speed under conditions in which the tires spin freely without traction. To maintain total driving force, a torque compensation system for each of the wheels is important. Here, we propose a method for load distribution control and a method for skid compensation control and present test results that show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


Demand side management (DSM) plays a critical role in scheduling and optimizing the energy consumption in the smart grid. Considering the critical yet complex human behavior issue, we develop new population dynamic models to describe the behavior of DSM users and use them to analyze the performance of DSM. We first introduce an accurate Markov model for the DSM population. We show that this model can be converted into a form similar to the popular SIR (susceptible-infected-recovered) model in mathematical biology. Then, we formulate a composite model that integrates the new DSM user behavioral model with a game theoretic DSM scheme. The convergence and the equilibrium of the composite model are studied both analytically and numerically. Experiments are conducted to determine the important model parameters.


Presented are the fade duration dynamics as observed in four close stations. Fade duration statistics derived from the collected received signal during a critical period in the region are presented and analysed. The obtained results are compared with the model release by the ITU-R P.1623 recommendation. Some modifications are then proposed.


As for PLA(Product Liability Act), the beauty industry, which uses the chemicals and addresses a human being`s body like beauty service, needs to pay more attention. And, PLA, which asks this responsibility with the Act, is the important matter that shouldn`t be neglected. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the recognition level on PL Act in beauty managers and a coping plan given the complaint, which happens in beauty service. Through this, the aim is to offer information related to beauty service and to utilize it as basic data by preventing an accident in advance, which can occur in beauty industry, and by grasping the customer needs. The range in time for this study was from May 15, 2008 to May 25 for 15 days. And, the spatial background in a study was progressed by selecting Jeollanam-do. The empirical survey targeted managers for beauty industry. And, 230 copies were carried out questionnaire. As a result of analyzing the questionnaire contents, 207 copies were selected as the final analysis subjects except 23 copies, which are insincere or incorrect in the contents of response. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 13.0 program. As for the analysis technique, in order to grasp general characteristics in the research subjects, the frequency and percentage were calculated. And, in order to examine the realities for incidence of complaint in beauty industry and the recognition in beauty managers on PL Act, the frequency analysis, χ2(Chi-square) test, t-test, and One-way ANOVA were carried out. As a result of research, the beauty managers are failing to know well as a whole in relation to PL Act. And, the necessity of education on PL Act could be known to be being felt the necessity to some extent. It could be known that the complaints, which happen frequently during the operation in the beauty business place, include hair magic, hair permanent wave, and hair coloring, and that the complaints, which happen other than operation, include the operation time and communication. It could be known that many beauty practitioners, who use lots of chemicals and beauty tools in this way, need to acquire right usage and professional knowledge in products and tools, to remove the imperfect factors in shortening the operation time and counseling with customers, and to devote an effort for smooth communication. PL Act in beauty industry is still unfamiliar with customers, but may be the element of dispute and complaint in future beauty service. Thus, beauty practitioners are considered to be probably required an effort to prevent this in advance and the correct understanding about PL Act. There is necessity of having this as an opportunity, which can obtain the accurate fact on customers by understanding and well utilizing customers` complaint, and of positive measure and development.


Abstract Fix b ∈ R+ and p ∈ (1,∞). Let φ be a positive measurable function on Ib := (0, b). Define the Lorentz Gamma norm, ρp,φ , at the measurable function f : R+ → R+ by ρp,φ ( f ) := [∫ b 0 f ∗∗(t)pφ(t) dt ] 1 p , in which f ∗∗(t) := t−1 ∫ t 0 f ∗(s) ds, where f ∗(t) := μ−1 f (t), with μ f (s) := |{x ∈ Ib : | f (x)| > s}|. Our aim in this paper is to study the rearrangement-invariant space determined by ρp,φ . In particular, we determine its Köthe dual and its Boyd indices. Using the latter a sufficient condition is given for a Caldéron–Zygmund operator to map such a space into itself.


A 50-year-old female presented to the A&E department complaining of sudden onset of acute generalised abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Before developing this pain she had been using a vibratory sex-toy during intercourse which slipped out of the hand of her partner and went inside, resulting in the severe abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. For the next 3 hours, she had felt that the instrument was vibrating inside the abdomen. Three months before this presentation, she had an uncomplicated total abdominal hysterectomy for an ovarian cyst. She had been having sexual intercourse for 6 weeks with no problems. She was otherwise fit and well. On examination, she had a pulse rate of 90/min, respiratory rate of 24/min, blood pressure of 110/80 and was clearly in distress. Abdominal examination revealed generalised peritonitis. Vaginal and speculum examination revealed loops of small bowel in the vagina, with no foreign body. No pneumoperitoneum was detected on an erect chest X-ray, while an abdominal X-ray demonstrated two batteries as a part of the foreign body (Figure 1). An emergency laparotomy was carried out through a midline incision. This revealed no evidence of bowel, bladder or any other organ injury. The foreign body (8 inches) was noted below the transverse colon and was delivered through the laporotomy incision (Figure 2). There was complete dehiscence of the vaginal vault. The bladder was dissected from the anterior border of the vagina, edges were freshened and the vault closed with absorbable continuous sutures. The Abdomen was closed and a pelvic drain left in situ. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged after 72 h. Discussion


Introduction: There are limited data describing the experience of index
radiofrequency (RF) vs. cryoballoon (CB) ablation for atrial
fibrillation (AF) among elderly patients in the United States. Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients > 75
years of age undergoing index AF ablation between January 2010 and March
2019 at our center. Major complications and efficacy, defined as freedom
from any atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) lasting ≥30 seconds after one year
of follow-up, were assessed in patients with index RF vs. CB ablation.
Predictors of ATA recurrence at 1 year follow-up were also evaluated.
Results: In our cohort of 194 patients, the mean age was 78 ± 3.1 years,
58.2% were men, and 39.4% had persistent AF. The mean left atrial (LA)
diameter was 4.5 ± 0.7, while the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.5 ± 1.2.
The majority (n=149, 76.8%) underwent RF ablation. The incidence of
complications was similar in the two sub-groups (RF: 1.3% vs. CB:
2.2%, p=0.67). No significant difference in success rate at 1-year
follow-up was found between patients receiving RF vs. CB ablation
(59.7% vs. 66.7%, p=0.68). In a multivariable model adjusting for the
relevant covariates only LA size [HR=1.64, CI: 1.15-2.34,
p<0.01] was independently associated with ATA recurrence at
1year follow-up. Conclusion: In our cohort of elderly patients
undergoing index CA for AF, RF ablation was the predominant modality
with similar safety and efficacy relative to CB ablation. LA size was a
significant predictor of ATA recurrence at 1year independent of index
ablation modality.


The continuing rise of periapsis has allowed the Pioneer Venus orbiter (PVO) to encounter vast regions of the Venus ionosphere that were not sampled earlier when propulsion was being used to maintain periapsis deep in the ionosphere. We have employed the orbiter electron temperature probe measurements from the first seven Venus years (December 1978–December 1982) to devise new empirical models of electron temperature Te and density Ne. Departing from our earlier use of spherical harmonics to describe the solar zenith angle variations of Ne (Theis et al., 1980), we find that this more complete data set can be described better by error functions and exponentials in solar zenith angle and power law variations in altitude. This model represents a significant improvement over the previous models, as it allows the dawn and dusk sectors to be modeled separately, providing more realistic representations of the gradients near the terminators as well as the variation of those gradients with altitude. We employ these models to perform a two-dimensional solution of the momentum equation for the nightward ion flow velocities believed to be largely responsible for the maintenance of the nightside ionosphere. The velocities at the terminator rise from the neutral atmospheric wind velocity (∼300 m/s) at 150 km to a peak velocity exceeding 2000 m/s above 500 km, in general agreement with PVO measurements of ion drift in that region.


Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) can be used to model capillary discharge waveguides in laser-wakefield accelerators. However, the predictive capability of MHD can suffer due to poor microscopic closure models. Here, we study the impact of electron heating and thermal conduction on the capillary waveguide performance as part of an effort to understand and quantify uncertainties in modeling and designing next-generation plasma accelerators. To do so, we perform two-dimensional high-resolution MHD simulations using an argon-filled capillary discharge waveguide with three different electron transport coefficients models. The models tested include (i) Davies et al., (ii) Spitzer, and (iii) Epperlein–Haines (EH). We found that the EH model overestimates the electron temperature inside the channel by over 20% while predicting a lower azimuthal magnetic field. Moreover, the Spitzer model, often used in MHD simulations for plasma-based accelerators, predicts a significantly higher electron temperature than the other models suggest.


Air travel is and has been a very safe method of transportation and has had fewer accidents overall than by automobile. However, over the years occurrences of serious crashes have made a few airlines aware of some important issues that need to be addressed. An analysis of the aviation industry showed that of 76% of crashes caused by human error, poor communication was the main factor in the cause of the crashes. Therefore during the eighties the aviation industry implemented a Crew Resource Management plan to train airline staff in an effort to reduce communication problems that have been the cause of previous accidents and to prevent future ones from happening. Customer safety in the aviation industry is paramount and not different in the medical industry. Doctors and Pilots both are often placed in high stress situations in their perspective occupations requiring them to make on the spot decisions at times dealing with life or death. Research in the medical industry has also shown that many unfortunate incidents in this field have also occurred due to poor communication and cooperation amongst the medical team. In an effort to rectify this, the medical industry has learned from the aviation industry and taken note of the Team Resource Management training courses implemented by them. Due to the fast paced and specialized nature of the Emergency Department compared to other departments in a hospital there is a greater risk of medical errors. There are also a variety of factors that may contribute to cause errors including the organization of the department, personal beliefs, attitudes and values of the medical staff. If the (TRM) can be effectively implemented in the Emergency Department it is believed that staff efficiency will increase and overall clinical errors will be reduced. From this reduction patient safety will have raised and lower the amount of medical disputes. To follow through with this hypothesis In December 2009 this hospital implemented a TRM course for the Emergency Department where a total of four physicians and thirty-three nurses took part in the Team Resource Management training program. For the first two days of classes the instructor gave lectures on organizational/leadership skills, team solidarity, communication and teamwork. This helped to build a knowledge base to help overcome any obstacles the class would come upon in the future. The instructor also taught different strategies and tool use with the aid of actual cases for situational exercises. Upon completion of the TRM training course students used what they had learned in their daily tasks at work. They were to communicate well with each other making sure to clarify ideas and questions as well as reminding each other to care about one another (physicians vs. nurses). This was all to promote a team environment where everybody had to work together to achieve common goals and was noted especially for newer staff. These efforts would enhance overall patient safety and reduce the amount of cases of subpar patient safety. We created a questionnaire based on the 2008 Medical Design III Hospital Patient Safety Attitude Scale (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, SAQ). The questionnaire design included basic information of staff members (gender, age, occupation, and years of experience) as well as six other categories (teamwork, unit safety, job satisfaction, management experience, working conditions, and awareness of work pressure) for a total of thirty questions. Some of the questions asked about emergency room staff awareness of patient safety as well as degree of recognition of the team before and after the implementation of the TRM program. The overall results of the questionnaire showed the six categories post-test scores were higher than pre-test scores. The initial pre-test and post-test questionnaire for teamwork, unit safety, job satisfaction, management experience, and awareness of work conditions, are of statistical significance (p <0.05). Awareness scores for work pressure had the highest rate of increase showing that staff working in a high-stress work environment can effectively be taught to be more alert and aware of their surroundings using the TRM program. This has a substantial positive effect in improving patient safety overall. Among the six categories, the score difference between job satisfaction and work conditions were minimal and shows there is room for improvement Upon further research it was discovered that staff members felt like they were working within their own family but felt there were issues with being properly staffed for the amount of patients admitted. Management teams and hospitals should be aware of these factors and rectify these issues in order to raise morale and increase solidarity within departmental units. Staff in the emergency department all strongly agreed that the TRM program would improve not only knowledge and functionality related to teamwork, but also communication between each department. It would also enhance the quality of duty handed over to the next shift and staff members would be able to make correct decisions together. It is highly recommended that each department of a hospital receive the TRM program other than the Emergency Department. This would allow all departments of a hospital to work more effectively as an entire team due to stronger communication and cooperation skills thereby enabling a higher quality of patient safety. Following the year 2007 all US hospitals have been instructed by the U.S. Hospital Accreditation Agency to conduct annual patient safety self assessments. The study investigates the use of SAQ patient safety as well as understanding the attitudes of emergency staff to patient safety. This information would also be used for the quality of management practices in the future as well as any other medical information systems. All data collected would go towards tracking the vertical attitude and links between patient safety and improved emergency safety knowledge. In local hospitals it is rare to find the TRM program despite that there have been essays written about it domestically and internationally directed for use in larger facilities. Throughout this research it has been proven that applying the TRM courses at local teaching hospitals can ensure efficiency in upcoming emergency staff. They would be taught due diligence in patient safety and would serve as a marker for parallel trades to follow.


Varia. -- Glosario. -- Devonshire. -- Pertenece a la Coleccion Varia 1800-1950 de The Salamanca Corpus. -- Sir John Bowring, 1792-1872. -- "Language, with special reference to the Devonian Dialects". -- 1866.


The Purpose of this study is to search for the trace of Hakka in Sichuan during 17th~20th century in view of assimilation. In general, most of the scholars agree the opinion that Hakka have their own customs, for example dialect, funeral ritual, wedding ceremony etc and they are not changed wherever Hakka live in. I also accept that Hakka have their unique customs. But I don't agree the viewpoint that Hakka's customs are constant, because there are no persons or groups who can live a life without neighbour's influence during two or three centuries. In this study I analysis the life of Hakka in Sichuan from 17th century to 20th century who migrated from Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi provinces. As a result, I find that Hakka in Sichuan are changing their customs, especially their dialect which is the most important characteristic of themselves. They cannot choose but change their dialect in order to communicate with their new generation speaking Huguang dialect -spoken by most of the Sichuan people- in daily life and with neighbour. At present there are some counties where about thirty percents of Hakka can not speak their dialect at all. This is the most important mark of Hakka's assimilation. In addition to it, the structure of Hakka's village, house, ancestor temple, assembly hall become similar to that of their neighbor, Sichuan people. The assimilation of Hakka in Sichuan began to Qing period and the leader of assimilation was the Hakka gentry, who were eager to be Qing government officials.


In an industry of globalization, increased competition and advanced technologies, companies can distinguish themselves from other companies through their employees, or their intellectual capital. "In the age of information, the employees are the ones who hold the company together, retain customers, and help the company grow with their creativity. Therefore, personnel selection is more critical than ever in today's business world" (Ramsay, 2002:1). Organizations need to choose their methods for personnel selection judiciously, as expensive and complicated methods that prove to be ineffective are disadvantageous to any organization. This paper will deal with the above issues and correlate autobiographical data and standardized testing in respect to personnel selection. The paper does not pretend to capture every subtle nuance that permeates personnel selection in terms of standardized testing, but adds to the composite body knowledge of personnel selection.


In the era of the Knowledge Economy, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have become a crucial aspect of the twenty-first-century environment. Software piracy, characterized by the unauthorized copying, downloading, sharing, selling, or installation of copyrighted software, remains a serious problem worldwide, and Ghana is no exception. Various forms of software piracy, such as software lifting, hard disk loading, counterfeiting, and unauthorized renting, are prevalent in the country, leading to negative economic consequences. These consequences include distorted competition, loss of tax revenue and jobs due to the absence of a legitimate market, and increased costs for recovery. The impact of software piracy affects the social well-being of the Ghanaian citizenry. This research aims to explore the causes and effects of software piracy in Ghana, especially among tertiary students, and proposes potential solutions. A quantitative survey design was used via an online questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 47 students in the tertiary institutions especially public universities in Ghana with backgrounds in IT and are familiar with evolving trends in IT. The findings revealed that software piracy is prevalent in the country as a result of a lack of awareness, poor economic conditions, and weak legal framework and/or enforcement. The study recommends increased public education and awareness, strict enforcement of laws related to software piracy, and the promotion of domestic software development as measures to address the menace.


Four spatial/spectral imaging diagnostics show relativistic self-channeling of a 25 TW, 1 ps laser pulse limited only by the length of the gas-jet target. Collective scattering of a probe beam provides a spectrally-resolved image of large-amplitude plasma waves indicating an intensity >10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/ at 4 mm from the laser focus.


In this paper a novel temperature controller, for non linear processes, under the influence of external disturbance, has been proposed. The control process has been carried out by Neural Network based Proportional, Integral and Derivative (NNPID). In this controller, two experiments have been conducted with respect to the setpoint changes and load disturbance. The first experiment considers the change in setpoint temperature in steps of 10oC from 50oC to 70oC for three different rates of flow of water. In the second experiment the load disturbance in terms of addition of 100ml/min of water at three different time intervals is introduced in the system. It has been shown that, in these situations, the proposed controller adjusts NN weights which are equivalent to PID parameters in both the cases to achieve better control than conventional PID. In the proposed controller, an error less than 0.08oC have been achieved under the effect of the load disturbance. Moreover, it is also seen that the present controller gives error less than 0.11oC, 0.12oC and 0.12oC, without overshoot for 50oC, 60oC and 70oC, respectively, for all three rate of flow of water.


The rare-earth metals La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Tu, Yb, and Lu as well as Sc and Y were inserted into polycrystalline β- (γ-)AgI films for the first time under the conditions characteristic of topochemical reactions. Sm was also first inserted into films of the superionic conductor CsAgBrI. The specific features of the obtained optical spectra were explained by the formation of F-centers, disordering of the initial crystal structures of β- (γ-)AgI, and synthesis of novel nonstoichiometric compounds termed rare earth silver iodides. These compounds with optical band gap 3.6 -3.8 eV at 293 K (a band gap of AgI - 2.9 eV) appear at the approximately 10% concentrations of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm or Dy in the samples. For Tb and more heavier RE then Dy take place disordering of initial structure of AgI at the insertion of RE but the formation of novel phase is not observed. For the novel compounds, the preliminary data of electron and x-ray diffraction indicate a double elementary cell of β-AgI. At the work, the conceptual and encompassing idea about an insertion RE into a large massive of AgI-based compounds varying in chemical composition and structure is proposed.


Received for publication: 26 Oct. 1998. Accepted for publication 24 May 1999. We thank W.W. Bockus and L.E. Claflin for assistance in generating the sweet corn populations. Contribution No. 99161-J from the Dept. of Plant Pathology, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. This work was supported by a U.S. Dept. of Agriculture grant No. 9300604.The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. E-mail address: email@example.com Rust-resistant sh2 Sweet Corn Populations


Abstract Liver transplantation is now a standard procedure for the treatment of end stage liver diseases. Since 1968 until 2012, a number of 113,627 liver transplantations were performed in Europe, in 28 countries and 153 institutions. Despite these impressive figures the waiting list is growing every year. Transplant surgeons were preoccupied to find new ways to increase the donor pool. Among them: reduced size liver transplantation, split liver technique and more recently living donor liver transplantation. At first in the early `90, living donor liver transplantation was used for pediatric patients because the left lateral hepatic segments were harvested. This graft is too small for the metabolic demands of an adult patient. So the next step was the harvesting of the right liver lobe from the donor and transplantation to adult patients. Living donor liver transplantation has gained fast a wide acceptance but there are a few issues to discuss. The main concern is about the donor safety which is a healthy person undergoing major surgery with potential risks. Also the surgical technique evolved due to a better understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the liver and the right liver graft. We discuss here the anatomical and surgical basis for living donor liver transplantation with the right liver lobe.


An efficient and facial one-pot synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]quinoline-
2,5,10(1H)-triones was developed for the first time. The process proceeded via the
three-component cyclocondensation of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone with Meldrum's acid
and substituted benzaldehydes under green conditions. The fused 3,4-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-
one-ring naphthoquinones have been synthesized with good to high yields in refluxing
ethanol as a green reaction medium. This protocol is simple and effective as well as does
not involve the assistance of the catalyst, additive, or hazardous solvents.


A closed-form model for simulation and analysis of voltage transients caused by single-event upsets (SEUs) in logic circuits is described. A linear RC model, derived using a SPICE-based calibration of logic gates for a range of values of fanout, charge, and scale factor is presented. A full set of experimental results demonstrate that on average, the model is accurate to within 5% of the results obtained using SPICE with over 100/spl times/ improvement in computational speed. Besides simulation and analysis of SEU-induced transients, the proposed model can be used to perform reliability-aware logic synthesis through the incorporation of robustness metrics to tune cell libraries.


Despite the fact that financial institutions (FIs) apply data governance strategies and use the most advanced state-of-the-art data management and data engineering software and systems to support their day-to-day businesses, their databases are not free from some faulty data (dirty and duplicated). In this paper, we report some conclusions from an ongoing research and development project for a FI. The goal of this project is to integrate customers' data from multiple data sources clean, homogenize, and deduplicate them. This paper, in particular, focuses on findings from developing customers' data deduplication process.


The thalamus is at the heart of the pathways that allow us to perceive the world and interact meaningfully with our surroundings. Centrally located in the brain, this structure acts as a bridge between the exteroceptors at the surface of our bodies and the neocortex, where activation of these receptors becomes a conscious perception. Also, as increasingly recognized, the thalamus acts to bridge together distinct cortical areas (Theyel et al., 2010), and to control cortical states in a behaviorally relevant manner (Cruikshank et al., 2010; Minlebaev et al., 2011; Poulet et al., 2012). Despite the central functional and anatomical position of the thalamus, the development of the circuits that connect the distinct mechano-, photoand chemo-receptors to their respective thalamic nuclei, and the neurons within these nuclei to their proper areaand cell-type-specific cortical target, is understood only in broad terms. Although the general mechanisms that guide the growth cones of thalamic axons from the diencephalon into the telencephalon have been identified with a reasonable level of detail, how neurons in the distinct thalamic nuclei are able to identify their areal and cell-type-specific partners is largely unknown. Furthermore, how intrinsic spontaneous activity and the pattern of activity generated by these exteroceptors (e.g. the retina, or the whiskers) act to guide afferent and efferent thalamic axons to their proper targets is still an intense area of investigation, driven by the use of elegant optogenetic and cell-type-specific genetic approaches (for recent examples, see Koch et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2012). 'The thalamus has not had good press in the recent past'. About 15 years ago, Sherman and Guillery began a now classical review of thalamic function with this sentence (Sherman & Guillery, 1996). They follow by regretting that after an initial phase of excitement ('years of glory'), as the structure was recognized as a major source of input to the cortex, it has been hard to convince the neuroscientific community that the thalamus is more than a simple relay. In February 2011, scientists assembled in Arolla, a picturesque village in the Swiss Alps, to discuss aspects of thalamocortical development and function. In this special issue of European Journal of Neuroscience, we recapitulate some of the topics discussed at the meeting and argue that the years of glory may be back; with the ever-expanding availability of molecular approaches that enable cell-type-specific manipulation of cell identity and activity, the field is poised to bloom with new discoveries. The areas of interest that can now be investigated range from embryonic day 10 to adulthood, and from the specification of distinct subtypes of thalamocortical neuronal subtypes to the mechanisms controlling the experience-dependent pruning of thalamocortical axons. There is much ground to be covered. While the neocortex is 250 millions years younger than the thalamus (Butler, 2008; Butler et al., 2011) and has a tremendous diversity of cell types compared with the thalamus, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the generation, migration and specification of neocortical neurons is much more detailed than in the thalamus (Lui et al., 2011). Similarly, on a larger anatomical scale, while the molecular controls over cortical area formation are increasingly understood, very little is known on how the thalamus becomes parcelled into functionally distinct nuclei. Nakagawa and Shimogori open this special feature of EJN by describing the molecular and morphological organization of the developing thalamus, and highlight some of the key molecular players that are responsible for the generation of distinct thalamic domains. After being born and having reached their target location in the thalamus, thalamocortical neurons have to send axons to the cerebral cortex through specific paths. Our understanding of forebrain patterning has increased tremendously over the past few years, bringing with it a better understanding of the guidance mechanisms that allow axons to bridge together the thalamus and the cortex. Molnár et al. review recent results in thalamic patterning, in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon guidance from the thalamus to the cortex, with emphasis on the current theories that are thought to account for the maintenance of topographic order in the thalamocortical projections. The classical view is that genetic programs control the early wiring of the forebrain while activity-dependent mechanisms take over at a later stage (Sur & Rubenstein, 2005). However, an increasing number of observations demonstrate that neural activity and genetic programs actually interact to specify the composition and organization of neural circuits at all stages of development. Moreover, evidence has been accumulating that electrical activity, including spontaneous firing, plays a crucial role not only in late developmental stages but also in earlier stages (De Marco Garcia et al., 2011). In their review of this active field, Yamamoto and López-Bendito describe the various forms of early neural activity displayed by the developing brain, and their potential roles in neuronal wiring. During critical periods, the developing cortical maps are vulnerable to deleterious effects of sensory organ damage or sensory deprivation. Recent advances in molecular genetics and analyses of genetically altered mice have provided new insight into neural pattern formation in the neocortex and the mechanisms underlying critical period plasticity. Erzurumlu and Gaspar review the development and patterning of the somatosensory barrel cortex and the critical period Correspondences: Prof. D. Jabaudon, as above, and Dr. G. López Bendito, as above. E-mails: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com


This paper tries to give an answer to the question of whether happiness makes people politically apathetic. Although there is little research available that poses this question directly, much can be inferred from the vast literature on discontent and political unrest. Dissatisfaction as a single factor appears to be a rather weak predictor of protest behavior. Apart from dissatisfaction, several other factors determine people's willingness to become engaged in protest. Grievance interpretation, expectancies of success and perceived costs and benefits of participation are shown to be important intermediators. It is concluded from this evidence that there is little reason to assume that happiness necessarily turns people into acquiescent citizens. On the contrary, happiness might reflect the basic sense of security people need to become actively involved in their society.


The paper proposes an approach to storing semi-structured data based on XML, and develops algorithms for storing and parsing. Because OEM is a data model with graph structure while common data model for XML is tree structured, the key problem is that how to map data with graph structure into data with tree structure. The problem can be solved by utilizing semantic information of element and attribute of XML data.


The article analyzes the metrological certification and test conditions for verification equipment. The main tasks of metrological certification, test conditions, accuracy characteristics of verification equipment, primary, repeated and periodic, expert and inspection certification of verification equipment are considered in the article. Besides, the major tasks of the testing equipment certification are considered as well. They are: establishing the current testing equipment eligibility in accordance with its purpose, establishing the actual reproducibility values of test conditions implemented by testing equipment and assessing the technical characteristics compliance of testing equipment with the safety, hygienic and other special requirements


The main target of this writing is to show that HRM (Human Resource Management) has very important and crucial role for enlarging and enriching LTO (Language Teaching Organization), therefore, better quality of HRM will be better the LTO'performance. Smart and professional candidate is badly needed in this case, therefore, an accurate and honest selection should be conducted in fair way to get the best result of it. Accurate selection of candidates, cooperation, and understanding among the members of LTO; from manager, teachers, staffs, up to workers will give a great impact for the betterment of LTO. Skill and professionalism should be the first priority for running on the LTO program. Vision and Mission should be clear and sharp in giving guidance and direction of the main target of LTO. This simple writing will guide you, how to find out the best things for your language teaching organization. If you did it in order, you will find it your qualified and excellent organization. If everything runs well, LTO will reach up the best achievement.


In de Ruyter,1 the Court of Justice was asked whether levies on income from assets, which under national law are labelled as a tax and are used for the fi nancing of social security, fall within the scope of Regulation 1408/712 on the coordination of social security systems, as replaced in 2010 by Regulation 883/2004.3 Th e answer to this question was of the utmost relevance because the rules for the coordination of social security systems and tax systems diff er. Regulations 1408/71 and 883/2004 seek to facilitate the exercise of EU free movement rights by establishing a system of co-ordination4 according to which persons moving within the Union are subject to the social security legislation of one Member State only so as to avoid overlapping of national legislations and the complications which could result therefrom.5 For economically active persons, the lex loci laboris applies: they are subject to the legislation of the Member State where they perform their activities, regardless of the Member States where they reside. In other words, the competent Member State is the state of (self-)employment.


The aromatic b-carbolines which comprise a tricyclic planar ring motif are wide spread in animals, plants and synthetic congeners.b-carboline alkaloids are originally isolated from peganum harmala and a great number of molecules containing these ring systems exhibit diverse range of biological properties including antitumor, anti-HIV, antimalarial, and antibacterial activities. In addition, some of b-carboline derivatives display potent binding affinities towards 5-hydroxy serotonin receptors, monoamine oxidase and benzodiazepine receptors in the central nervous system. Some of the compounds with these ring systems have been used as versatile synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules (Figure 1). Owing to the extensive applications, several synthetic methods have been developed for the synthesis of b-carbolines. In recent years, development of mild and efficient novel protocols for the diversity oriented synthesis of pharmacologically relevant scaffolds related to natural products has received considerable attention. Oxidative decarboxylation is one of the most attractive transformations in the organic synthesis for aromatization of non-aromatic cyclic carboxylic acids. Oxidative decarboxylation of tetrahydro-b-carboline acids is one among such transformations for the synthesis of aromatized b-carbolines. The conventional methods for this transformation involve usage of transition metal reagents like K2Cr2O7 [11] or KMnO4 in acetic acid, copper salts, persulfate in the presence of catalytic silver and also some mild oxidants like iodine and H2O2. [14] Alternatively, aromatized b-carbolines can also be synthesized via dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-b-carbolines. Previously, dehydrogenation was carried out using -carbolines for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-b-carbolines, which can be further dehydrogenated to the corresponding b-carbolines with the increase in amount of TCCA. This protocol was successfully utilized in the synthesis of biologically important naturally occurring b-carboline alkaloids such as norharmane, harmane and eudistomins U, I and N. strong oxidants like SeO2, [15] MnO2, [16] mild oxidants like toxic sulfur and palladium on carbon over prolonged time with excess equivalents of the oxidants. Recently, palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, gold (III)-catalyzed cycloisomerisations, iminoanulation and hypervalent iodine (III) mediated reactions have also been developed for the synthesis of b-carbolines. However, most of these methods often suffer from one or more drawbacks such as harsh reaction conditions, use of expensive transition metal reagents, low yields and long reaction times which are unsatisfactory from an economic and ecological point of view. Therefore, development of new mild, inexpensive and environmentally safer strategies is highly valuable. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is a versatile and cost effective reagent used for mild oxidizations and halogenations in various organic transformations. Earlier, Studer and coworkers reported the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols into the corresponding a-chloro aldehydes and achloro ketones using TCCA. Veisi and co-workers reported one-pot conversion of various aldehydes, primary amines and alcohols into corresponding nitriles. Based on these observations and as a part of recent endeavors to develop practical and greener strategies, we wish to develop an operationally simple and efficient protocol for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant b-carbolines using TCCA through one-pot oxidative decarboxylation and dehydrogenation of the corre[a] K. L. Manasa, Dr. B. Nagendra Babu Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad-500 037, India E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [b] Y. Tangella, G. Ramu, Dr. B. Nagendra Babu Centre for Semiochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500 007, India E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Full Papers DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701886


This paper reports on student's quantitative and qualitative feedback on a flipped-classrooms pedagogy used to deliver an undergraduate Civil Engineering course. The flipped-classrooms pedagogy was used in teaching some of the course modules. Students were asked to reflect on the perceived difference of the new method compared to the traditional method, used for teaching the rest of the course modules. The online survey results showed that the vast majority of students Agreed or Strongly Agreed that the flipped classrooms approach improved their learning experience and level of interaction. While students were initially doubtful about the new format, they adapted quickly and found it to be satisfactory and effective. A worthwhile suggestion raised by plenty of students to the instructor is to spare 15-20 minutes of the beginning of the face-to-face session for questions and answers and to recap the material covered at the primarily online session before starting class problem solving activities. Results of this study provide a statement of encouragement for Civil Engineering faculty to implement flipped-classrooms as a contemporary and effective teaching method.


The purpose of this research is to document the relatively unknown history of Lester Gaba who was an influential soap carver, mannequin designer, visual merchandising critic, and educator based in New York City from approximately 1932 to 1987.1 Gaba was born in 1907 and raised in Hannibal, Missouri, where he spent much of his childhood at his parent's general store drawing.2 At the age of ten he participated in a soap sculpting contest, which inspired him to initially pursue a career as a specialty soap sculptor (Figure 1).3 His passions would lead him to Chicago in 1930 where he studied art.4 In our attempt to document Gaba's history and accomplishments we utilized objects as evidence, and primary source material retrieved from digital databases of publications such as Women's Wear Daily (WWD), the New York Times, and Life magazine. Primary sources such as examples of extant soap figurines and other ephemera.


Chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) is a CLCA protein that plays a functional role in regulating the differentiation and proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Here we investigated the relationship between the level of CLCA1 and the prognosis of CRC.


Whether or not a physical property can be enhanced in an inhomogeneous system compared with its homogeneous counterpart is an intriguing fundamental question. We provide a concrete example with a positive answer by uncovering a remarkable enhancement of both the antiferromagnetic structure factor and $d$-wave pairing tendency in a doped staggered periodic Anderson model (PAM) with two alternating inequivalent local moments. The common thread in these enhancements is found to originate from the generic ``self-averaging'' effect and nonmonotonic dependence of the corresponding physical quantity in homogeneous PAM. More strikingly, we provided evidence of the coexistence of these two enhancements via a tentative phase diagram. Our findings may imply the plausible generalization of enhancing physical properties in generic inhomogeneous systems.


The structures of two complex layered oxide-fluorides have been determined from the analysis of room temperature X-ray and constant wavelength neutron powder diffraction data. Bi2TiO4F2 and Bi2NbO5F adopt a single layer Aurivillius-type structure with an ordered array of fluoride/oxide anions. The structure of Bi2TiO4F2 has also been studied at 24 K using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, which is well below the previously reported ferroelectric transition temperature. The structures of both materials can be described in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm, but show significant atomic displacements from the positions described in the original structural models proposed for these compounds as a result of disordered tilts and/or distortions of the M(O,F)6 octahedra. No three-dimensional long-range ordered structural distortion was observed upon cooling of Bi2TiO4F2 to 24 K. 19F MAS NMR data have been collected and support the presence of only one fluoride site. Bond valence calculations allow the assignment of the oxide and fluoride ions within the structure, and the proposed model has the fluoride ions located in the equatorial sites of the titanium or niobium octahedra.


Orthopaedic surgeons often treat patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. This musculoskeletal pain is increasingly being treated with opioid medications, contributing to the growing opioid epidemic in the United States. Opioid use and abuse before orthopaedic surgery are associated with worse clinical outcomes. This article reviews the risk factors for opioid use, misuse, and other behaviors in chronic pain patients, discusses the screening tools for opioid misuse in chronic pain patients, and provides recommendations for the orthopaedic surgeon's role in managing these complicated patients.


Video transmission services on wireless networks are extremely severely affected by wireless network packet loss. It cannot meet the high-quality requirements of real-time video services. Traditional remedial measures adopt error recovery strategies such as Negative-ACKnowledge character (NACK), Forward Error Correction (FEC), and Hybrid Automatic Re-peat reQuest (HARQ), these cannot well meet the increasingly stringent needs of users in time-varying networks. This article first analyzes three commonly used anti-packet loss strategies in real-time video transmission, and takes into account the performance effects of different strategies in the aspects of delay, quality, and transmission efficiency. Moreover, we propose an adaptive anti-packet strategy selection algorithm based on the three schemes. We establish a unified system delay model and adopts channel response measures in different link delay performance environments. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can dynamically select the optimal anti-packet loss solution more sensitively, and optimize the data transmission efficiency on the premise of ensuring the video quality.


Presents a knowledge based classification of multitemporal SAR images for land-cover application in general and agricultural applications in particular, by adapting methodologies more commonly applied to digital segmentation. The knowledge requirements are obtained from the temporal signature variations of the various land-cover types present in the area, with signature curves being based on ether radiometry or texture of the objects concerned. Use of textural information is made only in those cases when the use of object radiometry proves to be inadequate. Results show that classification accuracies are close to that obtained from maximum likelihood classification for the landsat TM data of the same area.<<ETX>>


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image supporting medium capable of erasing record and having good reutilization frequency, an image erasing device which appropriately removes an image forming part from the image supporting medium and an image forming device with the built-in image erasing device. SOLUTION: The image supporting medium 10 is obtained by forming a coating layer based on a resin which is solid at ordinary temperature on both faces of a plane substrate. In the image erasing device 1, a parting liquid 24 having affinity for the coating layer is imparted by a liquid imparting part 3 to the image supporting medium 10 with an image formed on the surface of the coating layer using a resin-base image forming material and the image forming surface is pressed on a parting member 33 having adhesiveness in an image forming material removing part 4 while heating the image supporting medium 10 with a heat roller 30 to transfer the image forming material 13 to the parting member 33. The image forming material 13 is appropriately and reliably removed from the image supporting medium 10 and the image supporting medium 10 is regenerated with good reutilization frequency. COPYRIGHT: (C)2000,JPO


A new combination of measuring instruments with different sets of filters is described which, when acting together with a light source and photoelectric device, provide a convenient and reliable means of controlling by degrees, or in predeterminable steps, a production process, or of inspecting to close tolerances a line of mass-produced objects. A new mathematical thesis supplies the prerequisite to an easy calculation of the densities of the filters.


University of Nebraska - Lincoln, dste firstname.lastname@example.com paper is posted at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist/222Note: The materials archived in this collection present a historical record of University ofNebraska-Lincoln Extension publications. The publications contained here have expired, of-ten due to outdated information. They are intended for historical research and reference.Manyregulations and recommendations regarding pest control, food preparation, animal treatment,and agricultural methods have changed drastically over the past 100 years. For on-line publi-cations with current information and recommendations from University of Nebraska-LincolnExtension, please visit http://extension.unl.edu/publications.


Marriage is one of the oldest social institutions, predating recorded history, law and perhaps even religion, so the discussion of its evolution which can be offered in this paper will of necessity be sketchy rather than detailed. Despite the limited treatment which is offered here, a central theme which emerges from a study of the history of marriage is that marriage has not been a static social or legal institution. Rather marriage has changed over the course of history in response to changing religious beliefs, social values and behaviors, technology and even demographics. Similarly there is great variation today in marital behaviors, attitudes and laws about marriage in different countries. Currently debates over whether and how to redefine marriage and marriage-like relationships to accommodate same-sex couples are raging across two neighboring North American jurisdictions, Canada and the United States. Major change in marriage laws are inevitably controversial, with opponents of legal reform often raising the specter of dire social consequences if "traditional marriage" is altered. Previous changes in marriage laws both reflected and reinforced changes in attitudes towards and behavior in marriage. Despite profound changes in the legal and social nature of marriage, marriage has remained a fundamental social institution, with primary responsibility for the nurturing and care of children. As a society changes, the question which must be faced is whether the legal rules that were developed in the past to govern the definition of


The ability of several nature antioxdants to protect free radical initiator AAPH induced oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring the conversion supercoiled pBR322 plasma DNA to the open circular and linear forms.It was found that six nature antioxidants could significantly inhibit the oxidative DNA damage induced by AAPH and their abilities ranked one by one in order as rutin,quercetin and vanillin,ursolic acid,curcumim,oleanolic acid.


Investigation was carried out to elucidate the influence of process parameters on the characteristics of chitosan microspheres prepared by reverse phase suspension cross-linked polymerization.The chitosan droplet solidified and hardened by glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent was dispersed in the oil phase composed of liquid paraffin in the presence of Span 80 surfactant.Iminodiacetic acid(IDA)was attached onto chitosan microspheres activated by epichlorohydrin under basic condition.The results indicated that the optimal epoxy density above 0.15 mmol/g gel was achieved at 10%(Ф) epichlorohydrin as activating accelerator in the solution consisting of 0.6 mol/L NaOH and 40% DMSO.The study on linkaging of IDA demonstrated that the support was synthesized in the solution composed of 0.6 mol/L IDA and 2.0 mol/L NaOH at 60 ℃ for 6 h,whose adsorption of Cu2+ was up to 172.787 g/g gel.The moisture content of the matrix was up to 45.60% and the porosity was 69.45% under the optimized conditions.The novel matrix could be used in immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography as the solid phase.


Part 1 Space control in carbon alloys: hybrid orbital control in carbon alloys, R. Saito structural design and functions of carbon materials by alloying in atomic and molecular scales, M. Endo et al surface and hidden surface-controlled carbon alloys, K. Kaneko control of interface and microstructure in carbon alloys, Y. Tanabe, E. Yasuda typical carbon alloys and their processing intercalation compounds, N. Akuzawa porous carbon, T. Kyotani polymer blend for designing of carbon materials, A. Oya. Part 2 The latest characterization techniques: computer simulation, S Tsuneyuki crystallite size and lattice constant measurements of carbon materials by X-ray diffraction, M. Shiraishi, M. Inagaki studies on pore structure of carbon materials by small-angle X-ray scattering, K. Nishikawa XAFS analysis and application to carbon related materials and catalysts, H. Yamashita X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and its application to carbon, N. Suzuki transmission electron microscopy, H. Saka electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and its applications to characterization of carbon materials, H. Hirai visualization of the atomic-scale structure and reactivity of metal carbide surfaces by scanning tunneling microscopy K. Fukui et al infra red (IR) spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and proton magnetic thermal analysis (PMRTA), O. Ito et al raman spectroscopy as a characterization tool for carbon materials, M. Kakihana, M. Osada basics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and its application to carbon alloys, T. Nishizawa gas adsorption, Y. Hanzawa, K. Kaneko electrochemical characterization of carbons and carbon alloys, T. Nakajima mechanical probe for micro-/nano-characterization, M. Sakai magnetism of nano-graphite, T. Enoki et al agnetoresistance and its application to carbon and carbon alloys, Y. Hishiyama. Part 3 Function developments and application potentials. application of advanced carbon material in li-ion secondary battery, M. Endo, Y-A. Kim electrochemical functions, M. Miyake electric double layer capacitors, S. Shiraishi electron emission from carbon nanotubes, Y. Saito et al gas separation with carbon membranes, K. Kusakabe, S. Morooka property control of carbon materials by fluorination, H. Touhara preparation of metal loaded porous carbons and their use as a highly active catalyst for NO reduction. K. Miura, H. Nakagawa formation of seaweed bed using carbon fibers, M. Shiraishi C/C composite materials and their properties, T. Oku superhard materials, O. Takai.


With Ultra-High Frequent JPY against UDS rate data, we investigate the features of the market microstructure of foreign exchange rate in terms of duration, volatility, volume and orderflow. ACD model developed by Russell/Engle(1995)enables us to use tick-by-tick type foreign exchange data without any loss of information. In addition to ACD model, we use GARCH type model modified to accomplish our purpose. With ACD model, we found clear results. We confirmed that persistency of expected duration is strong. Thus, we cannot say foreign exchange market is efficient. As for the market microstructure exploralation, we use Diamond/Verrecchia(1986)model which shows that no trade means bad news, and Easly/O'Hara(1992)model which mentions that no trade means no news. Our results show that volume has significant negative impact on duration and buying USD orderflow also affects negatively on duration. If we can recognize volume and orderflow as the proxy of information inflow, foreign exchange market can be seen as the market Easly/O'Hara(1992)shown. The bigger the volume becomes, the shorter the trade interval becomes, the shorter the * The financial supports from Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B),15203016(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)and Keirin Kai(Alumni Association of Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University)are acknowledged. The discussions in Japan Society of Artificial Intelligence Annual Meeting and 22 Asian Pacific Conference on International Accounting Issues are appreciated.


The author has studied and developed software for the dynamic geometry system (DGS) - computer algebra system (CAS) collaboration problem. The state of the art of this collaboration is discussed in the introduction. In 2006, an exciting new DGS, denoted "Geometry Expressions", was presented by the company Saltire Software. It has the usual capabilities of DGS plus a small algebraic engine (allowing to internally perform algebraic computations) and the possibility to export data to some CAS. But its key capability is yet another one: for the first time, as far as we know, the possibility to add constraints (computed internally or externally to the DGS) that change the geometric configuration after it has been drawn, is included. This new DGS is also reviewed in the article.


1 General Introduction 3 Chapter I Breeding System Variation and Ecological Correlates in the Genus Erica 15 Chapter II Late-acting Self-incompatibility in Erica? 57 Chapter III Pollen-ovule Ratios in the Genus Erica 74 Synthesis 99


Objective: to evaluate the results of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis complicated by left-sided portal hypertension and bleeding from varicose veins of the stomach fundus and body. Materials and methods: 5 patients with left-sided portal hypertension were treated. Patients were admitted with a clinical picture of gastrointestinal bleeding, which was confirmed by laboratory and instrumental methods of research. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy revealed bleeding from varicose veins of the fundus and body of the stomach in all patients. The average age was 55.4±3.1 years. Results. All patients showed varicose veins of the fundus and body of the stomach, with signs of bleeding. Due to the high risk of recurrent bleeding, subtractive digital angiography with no signs of contrast agent extravasation was performed, followed by spiral embolization of the splenic artery in the proximal third until the blood flow was stopped. The technical and clinical success rate was 100%. Conclusion. Endovascular methods of treatment for left-sided portal hypertension syndrome are minimally invasive but highly effective methods of hemostasis. The indication for their use is unsuccessful endoscopic hemostasis or high risk of recurrence of bleeding from varicose veins of the fundus and body of the stomach.


This paper discusses several technologies currently being investigated for use on low speed UAVs. This includes adaptive wing technology that controls separation via active changes in the camber, use of large scale surface roughness to control separation, plasma actuators to control stall and enhance lift, and inflatable wings that can be tailored using wing warping. Results from wind tunnel and flight tests from each of the systems is presented.


Abstract Adolescent girls are subjected to strong sociocultural forces as they shape and discover their sense of identity. We propose the therapeutic concerns of young women may be relieved by increased empowerment achieved through identity development and the strengthening of interpersonal boundaries. Feminist family therapy and Bowen family systems theory are integrated to offer a clinical approach toward greater empowerment through increased differentiation in the context of dating relationships. This approach applies a developmental perspective to the unique challenges faced by young women in Western society. The metaphor of a "Kite in Flight" is offered to help therapists conceptualize the elements of the model and goals for treatment. Case examples and interventions are provided, as well as the model application for Specific clinical considerations. doi:10.1300/J086vl9n04_01


This paper introduces the implementation of a precise underwater navigation solution using multi-sensor fusion technique, which is based on USBL, DGPS, DVL and AHRS measurements. To realize the accurate, precise and frequent update rate underwater navigation solution, three strategies are chosen. The first one is the heading angle calibration to enhance the performance of standalone dead-reckoning algorithm. The second one is introduction of effective outlier rejection algorithm. The third one is that absolute position is fused timely to prevent error accumulation of dead-reckoning, where the absolute position can be acquired from USBL or DGPS measurements considering predefined finite state machine. The performance of the developed algorithm is verified with experimental data of UUV(Unmanned underwater vehicle) at Sea with various operation scenario.


The aphicidal activity of 21 different 1,5-diphenyl-Δ2-1,2,3-triazolines, conveniently prepared utilizing the catalytic effect of water on the 1,3-cyclo-addition of diazomethane to Schiff bases in aqueous dioxane, was evaluated. Triazolines bearing an o-Cl substituent on the C-phenyl, either alone (4) or in combination with a m- and/or a p-substituent on the N-phenyl (14, 15, 17 and 18), showed significant activity, with a combined m-, p- substitution on the N-phenyl the most effective (17 and 18). While an o-Cl substituent led to greater activity than an o-NO2 group, the introduction of an additional p-Cl substituent on the C-phenyl eliminated activity (21).

The aphicidal activity of triazoline 18 was found to be dependent on the presence of UV light. Since fluorescent lighting used in the testing procedure contains UV light and since triazolines undergo photolysis when exposed to UV light to yield aziridines, it was logical to conclude that the aphicidal activity of the triazolines was, in fact, derived from the aziridines formed during the testing procedure. This mechanism of action was confirmed by preparing the aziridines 22, 23 and 24 corresponding to the active triazolines 14, 15 and 18, and showing that they possessed aphicidal activity equal to or better than that of the triazolines, and by the activity observed in several other structurally related aziridine analogues (25–28). Unlike aziridinyl phosphorous compounds, the aziridines described here are not mutagenic in the Ames assay and thus afford a safer class of pesticides.


This brief history of American agriculture, from the prehistoric period to the twentieth century, is both an introduction and a guide. It provides a ready reference to the economic, social, political, scientific, and technological changes that have most affected farming in America. American Agriculture is a story of considerable achievement and success, but it is also a story of greed, racism, and violence. Douglas Hurt offers a provocative look at a history that has been shaped by the best and worst of human nature.


The PLASMIC score for the prediction of a likelihood of a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency represents a valid pre-test diagnostic tool to identify patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.


This article focuses on the regional innovation system (RIS) and its elements. There are some base elements (participants): technological platforms, innovation networks, clusters, joint ventures. The purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on innovation-based economy. The article analyses main characteristics and form`s conditions of each element. The article reviews how each element operate with regional innovation system. The article also describes the most important characteristics of clusters, innovation network, and platform. In article announce that cluster is the most widespread form of cooperation. According to the article it is important to respect the interests of business, university and government.


【Objective】 The study was to inquire into the types of antennal sensilla and its distribution on antennae of peach fruit moth,Carposina niponensis Walsingham,in order to provide a basis for the host selection and mating selection mechanism.【Method】 The scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to investigate the antennal sensilla of C.niponensis.【Result】 Nine types of sensilla(fourteen categories) were found on the antennae of C.niponensis.They were:Sensilla trichodea(Ⅰ and Ⅱ),Sensilla chaetica,malformed Sensilla chaetica,Sensilla gemmiformium,Sensilla basiconca(ⅠandⅡ),Sensilla coeloconica,Sensilla styloconica,Sensilla auricillica(Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢ),Sensilla squamiformia and Bhm bristles.Sensilla gemmiformium,malformed Sensilla chaetica,Sensilla auricillica(Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were only observed on the female.【Conclusion】 The sensilla of antennae on C.niponensis Walsingham are diverse,and four categories of sensilla on female may be related to the function of oviposition preference and host selection.


1 Histamine levels in whole blood and plasma from the umbilical arteries and veins, together with circulating basophil and eosinophil counts, were determined in two groups of healthy infants, "term" and "pre‐term". 2 No significant arteriovenous differences were found except in the basophil counts of the "pre‐term" group. This result was consistent with the finding of significant arteriovenous correlations for all these sets of estimations except the basophil counts in the "pre‐term" group. 3 No significant differences were found between the mean values in either group except for the difference between the mean basophil counts for venous blood. 4 Plasma histamine levels (arterial and venous) were usually less than the lowest limit of the method (1.8 ng/ml). Very small amounts of histamine were detected, however, in one venous and one arterial specimen in the "pre‐term" group, but these did not produce a significant difference between the levels for the two groups of infants.


Polyethylene glycol(PEG) was introduced into cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) solution that used as template agent for preparation of MCM -41 molecular sieve.After washing and calcinations, product of ordered mesoporous material was obtained.The product was characterized with XRD,TEM and BET isothermal adsorption.The results showed that as compared with the product that without introducing the PEG, the pore wall thickness is increased,which can achieve 1.45 nm,while the pore size and specific surface area are reduced.The degree of ordering is reduced too.This experiment indicated that the introduction of low molecular weight PEG facilitates the formation of swollen pore wall MCM -41 molecular sieve products.