Introduction It is somehow symbolic that the fi rst month of spring, along with evoking the image of awakening nature, saw the birth of two great men who imprinted on the Czech nation deep humane feeling, specifi cally, Professor Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the fi rst Czechoslovak president, born in Hodonín on 7th March, 1850, and Jan Amos Komenský/ Comenius, the last bishop of Unitas Fratrum, born in Nivnice on 28th March, 1592. What was it then that the two minds had in common? Principally, it was unwavering belief that a successful future of the Czech nation can be secured only by ethically grounded education. Humaneness, according to Masaryk, makes the sense of Czech history in the same way as Comenius' humaneness is connected with the idea of "a free community of the human race" where all contentions will be settled by a peace tribunal as a basic tool for removing violence, war or universal distress.


Euclidean distance matrices (EDM) are symmetric nonnegative matrices with several interesting properties. In this article, we introduce a wider class of matrices called generalized Euclidean distance matrices (GEDMs) that include EDMs. Each GEDM is an entry-wise nonnegative matrix. A GEDM is not symmetric unless it is an EDM. By some new techniques, we show that many significant results on Euclidean distance matrices can be extended to generalized Euclidean distance matrices. These contain results about eigenvalues, inverse, determinant, spectral radius, Moore-Penrose inverse and some majorization inequalities. We finally give an application by constructing infinitely divisible matrices using generalized Euclidean distance matrices.


Quantum states of a novel Bose-Einstein condensate, in which both fermion-pair and exciton condensations are simultaneously present, have recently been realized theoretically in a model Hamiltonian system. Here we identify quantum phase transitions in that model between fermion-pair and exciton condensations based on a geometric analysis of the convex set of ground-state 2-particle reduced density matrices (2-RDMs). The 2-RDM set provides a finite representation of the infinite parameter space of Hamiltonians that readily reveals a fermion-pair condensate phase and two distinct exciton condensate phases, as well as the emergence of first- and second-order phase transitions as the particle number of the system is increased. The set, furthermore, shows that the fermion-exciton condensate (FEC) lies along the second-order phase transition between the exciton and fermion-pair condensate phases. The detailed information about the exciton and fermion-pair phases, the forces behind these phase, as well as their associated transitions provides additional insight into the formation of the FEC condensate, which we anticipate will prove useful in its experimental realization.


This chapter shows that Germany's catastrophic reaction to humiliation engendered by the outcome of World War I was not an anomaly. It talks about how Germany's humiliation was representative of a broader pattern of international behavior in which states that have experienced certain humiliating events are more likely to engage in international aggression and intentionally defiant foreign policies. It also explains how humiliated states will be more apt to pursue territorial conquest, intervene in the affairs of other states, engage in diplomatic hostility and verbal discord, and pursue advanced weaponry and other symbols of national resurgence. Humiliated states engage in hostile behaviors because they define high international status and enables those who identify with the state to overcome humiliation and regain a sense of collective efficacy and authority. The chapter explores the ways in which the hostile acts toughen the image of the state in the eyes of others because they demonstrate the state's distinctive capabilities as well as its intention to restore prior status.


With the widespread application of GNSS, the delicate handling of biases among different systems and different frequencies is of critical importance, wherein the inter-frequency clock biases (IFCBs) and observable-specific signal biases (OSBs) should be carefully corrected. Usually, a serial approach is used to calculate these products. To accelerate the computation speed and reduce the time delay, a multicore parallel estimation strategy for IFCBs, code, and phase OSBs by utilizing task parallel library (TPL) is proposed, the parallel computations, including precise point positioning (PPP), IFCBs, and OSBs estimation, being carried out on the basis of data parallelisms and task-based asynchronous programming. Three weeks of observables from the multi-GNSS experiment campaign (MGEX) network is utilized. The result shows that the IFCB errors of GPS Block IIF and GLONASS M+ satellites are nonnegligible, in which the GLONASS M+ satellite R21 shows the largest IFCB of more than 0.60 m, while those of other systems and frequencies are marginal, and the code OSBs present excellent stability with a standard deviation (STD) of 0.10 ns for GPS and approximately 0.20 ns for other satellite systems. Besides, the phase OSBs of all systems show the stability of better than 0.10 ns, wherein the Galileo satellites show the best performance of 0.01 ns. Compared with the single-core serial computing method, the acceleration rates for IFCBs and OSBs estimation are 3.10, 5.53, 9.66, and 17.04 times higher using four, eight, sixteen, and thirty-two physical cores, respectively, through multi-core parallelized execution.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have enjoyed widespread adoption as the physical layer standard for high data rate wired and wireless networks, due to their ability to efficiently cope with slowly varying dispersive channels. Therefore in searching for feasible implementations of physical layer security techniques, it is appropriate to analyze how existing information theoretic results can be applied to the OFDM structure This paper considers the information theoretic secrecy rates that are achievable in a wiretap OFDM channel when transmitting quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation symbols. The loss with respect to the secrecy rates obtained with Gaussian distributed inputs is evaluated for both finite constellation cardinalities and in the asymptotic approximation of arbitrarily high cardinality. Moving from the insight gained with this analysis, we propose bit-loading strategies to efficiently allocate the appropriate number of bits in each subchannel, by considering the twofold objective of minimizing the loss with respect to the Gaussian input secrecy capacity and minimizing the total bit load.


Background: Obesity is a global epidemic and major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is associated with low grade chronic inflammation of adipose tissue (AT). F4/80+CD11c+ macrophages/dendritic cells are increased and polarized into M1-like phenotypes in AT and may contribute to insulin resistance in mouse models of obesity. STAT1 is a transcription factor that play key roles in macrophage polarization into M1-like phenotypes. Hence, we investigated the role of CD11c+ macrophage/dendritic cell STAT1 in obesity-induced AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Methods: Mice with specific knockout of STAT1 in CD11c+ cells were generated by crossbreeding STAT1 fl/fl and CD11c-Cre mice. CD11c/STAT1 KO and littermate controls were fed either high fat diet (HFD, for 16 weeks) to induce obesity or normal diet (ND) as lean controls. We evaluated body composition, insulin sensitivity, gene expression of inflammatory markers, various immune cells and brown/beige adipogenesis markers in AT. Results: Perigonadal white AT (PWAT) and body weight were not significantly different between KO and control groups but liver weight and liver-to-body weight ratio were significantly reduced in obese KO mice (p Conclusion: Our results show the critical role of macrophage/dendritic cell STAT1 in obesity-induced AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Disclosure A. Kalathookunnel Antony: None. X.D. Perrard: None. Z. Lian: None. J. Perrard: None. L. Hennighausen: None. C.W. Smith: None. C.M. Ballantyne: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Amarin Corporation, Amgen Inc., Esperion Therapeutics, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Abbott, Amarin Corporation, Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Esperion Therapeutics, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Matinas BioPharma, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk Inc., Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Sanofi. H. Wu: None.


A significant group of plants found in the Croatian native flora belongs to the tribe Alysseae which comprises seven genera: Alyssoides, Alyssum, Aurinia, Berteroa, Clypeola, Degenia and Fibigia. The genus Aurinia comprises 12 taxa among which Aurinia sinuata (L.) Griseb. and A. leucadea (Guss.) C. Koch represent two endemic species wild-growing in Croatia [1]. These plants can be found in mountainous areas of Central and Southern Europe, Russia and Turkey. Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek and Fibigia triquetra (DC.) Boiss. ex Prantl are rare Croatian stenoendemic species representing tertiary relicts. Natural area of D. velebitica, the only species of the genus Degenia, is restricted to only several localities on the South and Mid Velebit massif. F. triquetra, sometimes confused with D. velebitica, is one of two species in the genus Fibigia, wild-growing on rocky grounds of Southern Dalmatia. Glucosinolates (GLs) represent molecular tags of the order Brassicales. Plant species that contain high concentrations of a single or a small number of GLs represent one of the most suitable sources for the extraction and purification of fair amounts of these compounds. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize and quantify GLs in different plant parts. GLs were characterized and quantified according to the ISO 9167-1 official method based on the HPLC analysis of desulfo-GLs and by GC/MS analysis of the volatile fractions obtained after enzyme hydrolysis.


Abstract : Mapping scientific kernels onto high performance heterogeneous computers (HPHC) must comply with certain rules of thumb or heuristics. Previous research by Jackson State University's (JSU) HPHC research group has provided anecdotal evidence illustrating some of these rules/heuristics. The research highlighted by this thesis corroborates the credibility of these rules. In particular, four versions (two pairs) of a floating-point sparse matrix conjugate gradient (CG) iterative solver are presented. JSU s state-of-the-art HPHC utilizes general purpose processors (GPP) and heterogeneous computational hardware, in particular, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), to develop the CG kernels. The first version of the pair executes strictly on the GPP and the second uses both the GPP and FPGA to map the entire CG algorithm onto hardware. For the second pair, a refactored version of CG is used, which is statically analyzed to determine where the most computationally expensive operation occurs. This operation is the sparse matrix vector multiply (MVM) kernel. Based on this analysis, the software version of CG is refactored to call MVM as a subroutine. An FPGA version of the MVM algorithm is also developed and a static analysis of that algorithm suggests a speedup of the MVM kernel. All four version of CG are executed using a specially designed set of sparse matrices and the results demonstrate that adherence to the rules of thumb and heuristics when mapping scientific kernels onto a HPHC can lead to significant speedups.


ABSTRACT In this paper, I describe the experience of rural-urban migration amongst herders to Ulaanbaatar's ger-districts. I show how this problematises conventional notions of rural-urban migration and suggests a particular form of urbanisation in Mongolia. Following one particular household as they move from the countryside to the city, I show how for many new migrants adaptation to urban life is tied to the transposition of existing skills – and the learning of new skills – in the new urban context. I also show some of the more problematic aspects of life in the ger-districts, including the devaluation of herding skills and the existential impact of deskilment on gender and identity. In the process, I develop a phenomenologically-grounded political-economy of skill, whereby social, economic, and political change can be traced at the level of human embodiment and polydirectional experiences of enskilment and deskilment.


H∞ theory have been developed for many years, as a rape theory, there are systematic solutions: from algebra Riccati method to LMI method, we can get the H∞ controller using the Matlab toolbox. Noticing that: the correspond controller is of fixed gain. Though it can be reallized in practice, but for the original idea---the problem of disturbance attenuation, fixed type con-troller is not necessary. We proposed a controller structure that add a adaptive term in the framework of the fixed controller, analyz-ing by Lyapunove method, we can conclude that the closed system with the proposed controller is stable, and the disturbance attenu-ation capability of the closed system is better than with the fixed controller. At last, a numerical example are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The utility model relate to the electrolyte impregnation equipment field, especially to a central vacuum-pumping impregnation system which comprises a central control system and a plurality of impregnation machines. The central control system comprises a vacuum reservoir, a vacuum machine, an electrical control case, and a vacuum monitor; the vacuum monitor is arranged on the vacuum reservoir and can monitor pressure of the vacuum reservoir. The plurality of impregnation machines are respectively connected to the vacuum reservoir through pipelines; the pipelines between the plurality of impregnation machines and the vacuum reservoir are respectively provided with valves. An evacuation end of the vacuum machine is in connection with the vacuum reservoir through a pipeline; the pipeline between the vacuum reservoir and the evacuation end of the vacuum machine is provided with a first control valve. The electrical control case is respectively in electric connection with the first control valve, the valves and the vacuum monitor. The central vacuum-pumping impregnation system overcomes the disadvantages that vacuum-pumping processes of an impregnation machine depend too much on manual operation, effectively increases production efficiency and improves quality consistency of capacitance core bags produced in batch.


The article is devoted to the study of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations (HJBs) for a large class of unbounded optimal control problems for fully nonlinear systems. Our hypotheses will be such that these nonlinear systems have a unique solution trajectory, defined on [0,/spl infin/), for each input. We characterize the value functions of the problems presented as the unique viscosity solutions of the associated HJBs among continuous functions with suitable boundary and growth conditions. As a consequence, we show that the FP (Fuller Problem) value function is the unique radially unbounded viscosity solution of the corresponding HJB among functions which are zero at the origin. Value function characterizations of this kind have been studied and applied by many authors for a large number of stochastic and deterministic optimal control problems and for differential games, including problems for which the value function is discontinuous (M. Bardi and I. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, 1997; W.H. Fleming and H.M. Soner, 1993).


Summary. The rapid process of reforming and improving the tax system contributes to the emergence of new objects for scientific research. The introduction of the electronic register of tax invoices, the electronic administration system of VAT led to the need for changes in the implementation of accounting procedures, the


This article introduced a high speed dynamic system composed of a type 137 sensors,a VXI data acquisition and a computer data processing,which could be used to measure explosive shock wave in the free field.With calculation and the data fitting method,the super pressure curve,the relationships about overpressure changing with the time,and parameters of the peak overpressure duration and specific impulse in different conditions could be obtained.The experimental results indicate that the peak overpressure is reduced with the increase of distance between measuring point and exploding point,and the further the distance,the less the decay rate of overpressure.The overpressures are 0.1143 and 0.0323 MPa when the distances are 0.6 and 1.2 m,respectively.


Besides microglia, astrocytes exert an important regulatory function in the initiation and control of neuro‐inflammatory processes in the central nervous system. Clinical and experimental data suggest that sex steroids are neuroprotective and that neurological/neurodegenerative disorders display sex‐specific characteristics. Astroglia is known to respond to toxic stimuli by secretion of distinct pro‐inflammatory/apoptotic cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the influence of oestrogen and progesterone on the expression of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐18 in primary astrocytes obtained from neonatal mouse midbrain and cerebral cortex after the stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS strongly induced the expression of TNF‐α in astrocytes from both brain regions and IL‐18 in those from midbrain. Oestrogen significantly attenuated LPS‐induced TNF‐α expression in the midbrain glia but not in the cortex glia. Combined treatment with oestrogen and progesterone together diminished LPS‐induced IL‐18 expression in the midbrain completely. Both steroid effects could be specifically antagonised by the steroid hormone receptor antagonists ICI 182 780 and mifepristone. We conclude that neuroprotective oestrogen and progesterone effects in the midbrain might be in part the consequence of a reduced pro‐inflammatory response of astroglia.


Conclusions: RAP combined with renal stones endoscopic removal with stones basket is a safe and effective option for the simultaneous management of PUJS complicated by renal stones. use of disposable ureteroscopes is characterized by significantly lower post-operative complications and infection rates, while having comparable costs and SFRs vis à vis reusable ureteroscopes. the stenosis andreconstructionwith a buccal mucosalgraft. A double-j stent was always placed. Results: Thirteen patients were included. Median age was 54 years (IQR 44 – 59). Median length of the ureteral stenosis was 15 mm (IQR 13 – 16). The stenosis was in lumbar, iliac and pelvic ureter in 9,2 and 2 cases, respectively. Twelve patients developed the stricture after an endoscopic procedure for urinary stones, 1 patient had ureteral endometriosis. Nine segmental ureteral resections with end-to-end anastomosis, 2 uretero-vesical reimplantations and 2 repairs with buccal mucosa grafts were performed. Median operative and console time were 225 and 160 minutes, respectively. Median length of stay was 6 days. The urethral and ureteral catheter were removed after a median of 5 days (IQR 4 – 9) and 36 days (IQR 33 – 38), respectively. No intraoperative complications occurred. Three patients experienced Clavien-Dindo grade 1 post-operative complications (2 wound infections and 1 persistent lumbar pain). With a median follow-up of 14 months, recurrence of the stenosis was observed in one case. Conclusions: Robot-assisted reconstructive surgery for ureteral strictures is challenging. A combined endoscopic and robot-assisted approach and the choice of the best technique of repair based on the features of the stenosis provides good outcomes also for strictures >2 cm.


Polysilicon deposition process has great effect on the performance of polysilicon semiconductor bridge.Process conditions of polysilicon deposition were optimized through experiments.With these optimized conditions,resistance of the polysilicon semiconductor bridge was controlled to 1±0.07 Ω,which satisfies the requirements of polysilicon semiconductor bridge.


Questions of using multiagent systems in computer aided design systems are in the article. It is offered generalized model of the multiagent systems, mainframes of this model (receptors, effectors and the processor) and their appointment are considered. Also article contains mathematical models of the multiagent systems, specificity of application with multiagent systems, types of used agents is considered.


In this paper, it is studied that the processing mechanism of SiN brittle material in Axial Ultrasound Vibration Assisted Grinding. Search for the rela-tionship between machine tool system and ultrasonic system in AUAG machining, and establish the mathematical model of system matching. The im-portance of system matching for AUAG machining is verified by the influence of ultrasonic parameters on grinding force and workpiece surface quality. I verify the correctness of the theory. The matching model of ultrasonic system can be used to optimize the ultrasonic processing parameters of hard and brittle materials, predict the grinding surface morphology, grinding force and surface roughness.


Steel is the type of metal most often used in engineering. This study aimed to improve the mechanical properties of mild steel in terms of hardness, ductility, and other mechanical properties and to compare the hardness of carburized steel by galvanic treatment with non-galvanic carburizing of the steel. This research was carried out by varying the heat treatment process, namely carburizing with galvanic heat treatment and carburizing without galvanic, where the carburizing process uses activated carbon coconut shell charcoal with a weight percentage of 80% and 20% of K2CO3 (Potassium Carbonate) at a temperature of 9000C with a holding time of 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 180 minutes. The results obtained from this study indicate that the mechanical properties (hardness) of carbon steel increase at a temperature of 9000C with a holding time of 1 hour on the galvanic heating method with a better hardness value than the hardness of steel on the non-galvanic method. The hardness value obtained in the galvanic method is 94.06 HRB, while in the non-galvanic method, it is 76.4 HRB. And the pearlite phase is formed, increasing the hardness value on the surface of the specimen.


Abstract Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships were studied on 35 natural aurone derivatives by the Topomer CoMFA method to establish the 3 D-QSAR models, and exerting potent affections as Qo site inhibitors in cytochrome b activity for anti-malaria. The cross-validated q2 value of the Topmer CoMFA model = 0.539, the non-cross-validated r2 = 0.793, = 0.960, which revealed the model has good stability and predictability. The steric and electrostatic field visualization provided by the Topomer CoMFA model intuitively revealed the effects of different substituent structures. Using this information for molecule design, we theoretically obtained some new aurone derivatives as antimalarial drugs with higher activity. Furthermore, molecular docking was employed to explore the binding requirements between the ligands and the receptor protein. We obtained space relations by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between aurone derivatives and the active site residues. The observations from these QSAR and molecular docking studies can be further used to design promising antimalarial drugs.


A wireless sensor network (WSN) is defined as a set of spatially distributed and interconnected sensor nodes. WSNs allow one to monitor and recognize environmental phenomena such as soil moisture, air pollution, and health data. Because of the very limited resources available in sensors, the collected data from WSNs are often characterized as unreliable or uncertain. However, applications using WSNs demand precise readings, and uncertainty in data reading can cause serious damage (e.g., health monitoring data). Therefore, an efficient local/distributed data processing algorithm is needed to ensure: (1) the extraction of precise and reliable values from noisy readings; (2) the detection of anomalies from data reported by sensors; and (3) the identification of outlier sensors in a WSN. Several works have been conducted to achieve these objectives using several techniques such as machine learning algorithms, mathematical modeling, and clustering. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review to report the available works on outlier and anomaly detection in WSNs. The paper highlights works conducted from January 2004 to October 2018. A total of 3520 papers are reviewed in the initial search process. Later, these papers are filtered by title, abstract, and contents, and a total of 117 papers are selected. These papers are examined to answer the defined research questions. The current paper presents an improved taxonomy of outlier detection techniques. This will help researchers and practitioners to find the most relevant and recent studies related to outlier detection in WSNs. Finally, the paper identifies existing gaps that future studies can fill.


This paper is concerned with a process of transforming the mathematical representation of a multithreshold comparator to electrooptical implementations. The basic comparator converts an analog input into one of two levels at its (binary) output. If this functionality can be made periodic (as a function of the analog input), efficient implementation of analog-to-digital conversion can be realized. This paper begins by modeling such functionality as a square-wave via its representation as a Fourier series. Some mathematical manipulations are then performed aimed at tailoring the obtained representation for implementation by optical components such as waveguides and microring resonators. Thus, three basic integrated-optical devices are proposed for realizing a comparator with well-defined binary output levels and a steep transition slope between these levels.


WHEN I was an undergraduate, I majored in American history. Fortunately for you and more fortunately for me, my subject concerns not history but some of the legal problems we face in preserving records involved in our history as a nation. A proper objective is to make all records freely available to scholars, so that the rich experience of the past may be widely known and in truth be a prolog to the bright future of our country. There are, however, conflicting forces in this area. There are strong motivations for a public servant to keep an adequate record of his activities while in office. Whatever the impulses which lead a man to keep a diary, they seem to become stronger when he believes himself to be identified with stirring public events. Witness the prevalence of diaries among soldiers, even under conditions where they can only be maintained in violation of regulations — when there is danger that they might fall into the hands of the enemy and provide intelligence information. It is apparently human nature that many who take part in some important aspect or event of our national life should desire to keep for their personal record, and perhaps for posterity, some account of their activities. What better source is there for this purpose than diaries, correspondence, and other original documents that they produced while in the public service? In addition, there is another motivation that might be called defensive. American political life has always been rough and tumble, with few holds barred. When the "ins" become the "outs," they can expect their stewardship to be examined with a magnifying glass. Public officers usually sincerely believe that the policies they follow and the actions they take are sensible and honest. Often, however, they suffer from a residual fear that at some time in the future, and in a different and unfriendly atmosphere, their actions may be made to seem venal or just plain stupid. Thus, many of1 Paper read at the annual meeting of the Society of American Archivists in Washington, D. C, October 12, 1956. The writer is Acting Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice.


For the operational application of multi-temporal ENVISAT ASAR APS data to rice mapping, a complex Wishart distribution based multi-temporal classifier was evaluated in this paper. The classification accuracy of this classifier was quantitatively compared with commonly used classifiers for optical remote sensing image classification including maximum likelihood classifier and minimum euclidean classifier with only intensity SAR images being used for classification. It has been shown that classification accuracy can be improved significantly if the Wishart classifier is applied to the multi-temporal dual polarization datasets instead of applying it to one dual polarization dataset; Wishart classifier achieved the highest overall classification accuracy, which is recommended for operational rice mapping using multi-temporal ENVISAT APS data.


OREIGN policy analysis within the contours of the "analytic" interF national system1 invariably, over-emphasizes the influence of the global milieu and undermines the impact of local and regional settings, which, though less conspicuous, are functionally significant to the foreign policies of the concerned states. To avoid such a lopsided analysis, a section of scholars advocate the adoption of a sub-system framework supplemental to the larger analytic one, since the former would take proper note of the regional. context.2 The sub-systemic level of analysis is of considerable importance to the study of the foreign policies of the developing countries, because the regional environment has a crucial bearing on their external interactions. The foreign policies of these states are often directed towards the protection of the political systems from dysfunctional and destabilizing forces arising out of the infrastructural linkages in the region. Also, the foreign policies are used to create a regional power-balance to act as a deterrent on potential threat-centres. Usually, the small developing states perceive threat from their big neighbours, and the magnitude of the threat perception is more, if there are infrastructural socio-cultural and economic linkages with the big neighbours. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze Sri Lanka's external behaviour in the South Asian sub-system-in the light of the'linkages, threat perceptions and competing national interests-to identify the motivations for, and patterns of, interactions. Before we proceed to analyze Sri Lanka's regional interactions, we will briefly discuss the sub-systemic features of South Asia, including its textural and structural characteristics. This will help us to underline the major influences on Sri Lanka and its regional objectives.


Due to the underestimation of concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) at three different roadside monitoring sites for previous air quality assessments (compared to measured data) as commissioned by the London Borough of Brent, the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) reassessed the air quality at two of the three original sites, as presented in this report. These two sites were Harlesden town centre and the A406 junction with Brentfield Road. (Wembley town centre was the third original site and was not reassessed.) A combination of site-specific and generic reasons were considered to be the cause of the underestimation; for example, in the model setup there were limitations of emissions factors to represent traffic queuing. The objective of the reassessment was decide whether using emission rates derived from recording transient vehicle operations is more representative than using emission rates derived from average speed functions. It was shown by the results that by using the average-speed emissions approach, the model had under-predicted the road contribution to nitrogen oxide (NOx) and PM10 at both sites. For the Harlesden site, using the instantaneous emissions approach in the model over-predicted the road contribution of NOx, as well as slightly over-predicting the road contribution of PM10. At the A406 sites, using instantaneous emissions in the model resulted in slightly under-predicting the road contribution of NOx, as well as under-predicting the road contribution of PM10. In order to understand the robustness of background contributions, further work is needed. The instantaneous emission approach to assessing air quality should, overall, theoretically offer an improvement over average-speed emissions calculations, as it has shown itself to be appropriate for air quality assessment.


This collection of essays therefore exemplifies and interrogates the various manifestations and implications of the palimpsest in French crime fiction.


Although capillary electrophoresis (CE) has gained acceptance in the competitive separations market, the reproducibility of the technique has at times been questioned. (1) Compared to HPLC (CVs <1%), CE can have values which are greater than 5%. The larger-than-expected variances have been attributed to inadequate system equilibration, (2) variable electroosmotic flow (EOF), (3) and/or inefficient cooling systems. (4) In most cases, the equilibration and EOF issues have been addressed and remedied. This bulletin will address the relationship between cooling methods and system performance. In the following sections, we will define an important experimental criterion to evaluate cooling effectiveness, review the principles of heat generation and transfer, analyze the relationship between system parameters and heat generation, and examine the effect of temperature on system performance. In the process we will demonstrate that: 1) Experimental compensations for heating effects can be limiting; 2) One method of cooling is not just as effective as another; 3) Air-cooled systems tend to run hotter than the corresponding liquid cooled systems; and 4) Temperature fluctuations encountered in aircooled systems can compromise system validation.


With the rapidly development of the telecommunication technology,the more serious of the interference of the radio signals,the more important of the radio signal direction finding.This article points out the shortcomings of the radio direction finding system being used.This article improved on the maximum signal method that is in common use and need less hardware support.This article also designed a system that can be used in the portable direction finding system.This system can realize multi-signal direction finding utilizing spectrum analyzer.This system makes a great improvement on the range of spectrum,the capture random signal and direction finding precision.The system can work between 30MHz and 18GHz.It can get the frequency,the azimuth and the pitch of the arbitrary 15 typical signals in the monitoring frequency bandwidth.The maximum of error of the direction finding is 2°.


ABSTRACT Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) pseudoaneurysms are rare clinical entities that typically develop in the setting of chronic inflammation of the pancreas, although idiopathic pseudoaneurysms can occur. Although GDA pseudoaneurysms carry the risk of rupture with resultant hemorrhage, they seldom are reported to cause biliary obstruction. We report a unique case of biliary obstruction secondary to extrinsic compression of the bile duct by a GDA pseudoaneurysm successfully managed by nonoperative means.


FUNDING: University of Wisconsin-Madison, South African National Research Foundation We describe late Pliocene and early Pleistocene hominin fossils from Sterkfontein Caves (South Africa), including two femoral specimens, as well as a partial tibia and a partial fibula. The fossils are likely assignable to Australopithecus africanus and/or Australopithecus prometheus and the morphology of each corroborates previous interpretations of Sterkfontein hominins as at least facultative bipeds.


Most of you have observed waves breaking against rocks or structures, and have noted that water is frequently thrown high in the air. The pressure required to project water in a vertical direction is about one half pound per square inch for each foot of height. We may therefore expect to find substantial pressure involved in the mechanics of a wave breaking against a structure.


The problem of a thermally developing forced convective flow in a packed channel heated asymmetrically is analyzed in this paper. The flow in the packed channel is assumed to be hydrodynamically fully developed and is governed by the Brinkman-Darcy-Ergun equation with variable porosity taken into consideration. A closed-form solution based on the method of matched asymptotic expansions is obtained for the axial velocity distribution, and the wall effect on pressure drop is illustrated. The energy equation for the thermally developing flow, with transverse thermal dispersion and variable stagnant thermal conductivity taken into consideration, was solved numerically. To match the predicted temperature distribution with existing experimental data, it is found that a wall function must be introduced to model the transverse thermal dispersion process in order to account for the wall effect on the lateral mixing of fluid. The variations of the local Nusselt number along the streamwise direction in terms of the appropriate parameters are illustrated. The thermal entrance length effect on forced convection in a packed channel is discussed.


This chapter provides a brief overview of the relevant econometrics literature for the estimation of dynamic models. Aspects like non-stationarity and the problem of spurious regressions, integrating and cointegrating properties of the data, as well as the estimation of single equations and multivariate systems using cointegration techniques will be covered. The Engle-Granger framework will be taken as point of departure, followed by the Engle Yoo extension of the basic model, and finally the Johansen approach. Links between the short and the long run will be explored, the concept of an error correction model (ECM) will be discussed as well as the role of diagnostic testing and dynamic simulation in econometric modelling.


Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have promising potential to become an important part in the development process of positive displacement (PD) machines. CFD delivers deep insights into the flow and thermodynamic behaviour of PD machines. However, the numerical simulation of such machines is more complex compared to dynamic pumps like turbines or fans. The fluid transport in size-changing chambers with very small clearances between the rotors, and between rotors and casing, demands complex meshes that change with each time step. Additionally, the losses due to leakage flows and the heat transfer to the rotors need high-quality meshes so that automatic remeshing is almost impossible. In this paper, setup steps and results for the simulation of a dry screw compressor are shown. The rotating parts are meshed with TwinMesh, a special hexahedral meshing program for gear pumps, gerotors, lobe pumps and screw compressors. In particular, these meshes include axial and radial clearances between housing and rotors, and beside the fluid volume the rotor solids are also meshed. The CFD simulation accounts for gas flow with compressibility and turbulence effects, heat transfer between gas and rotors, and leakage flows through the clearances. We show time- resolved results for torques, forces, interlobe pressure, mass flow, and heat flow between gas and rotors, as well as time- and space-resolved results for pressure, velocity, temperature etc. for different discharge ports and working points of the screw compressor. These results are also used as thermal loads for deformation simulations of the rotors.


Abstract Purpose This article aims to assess ophthalmologists' practice patterns, experiences, and self-perceived skills when delivering bad news to patients and to compare this to patients' experience and preferences in receiving bad news from ophthalmologists. Design/Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional survey study of two populations: (1) Attending ophthalmologists and current ophthalmologists-in-training (N = 202) at accredited ophthalmology residency programs in the United States and Canada. (2) Patients (N = 151) 18 years of age and older at a single academic center who had received bad news from their ophthalmologist. An e-mail was sent to ophthalmology department chairs and resident program directors requesting that they distribute an online survey to their faculty, fellows, and residents. Patients were recruited from the clinics at an academic center and completed a self-administered survey before their scheduled appointments. Both populations were surveyed on their experience in breaking and receiving bad news, respectively. Questions were rated on a standard five-point Likert scale, and mean score was calculated for statistical comparison. The primary outcome variable was the quantitative rating (Likert scale 1–5) of physicians' communication skills when delivering bad news from physicians and patients' responses. Results Patients rated their physicians higher than physicians rated themselves with regard to ability to deliver bad news (mean score of 4.23 vs. 3.48, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed frequent delivery of bad news (mean score of 3.66 for once per day, 3.53 for per week, 3.40 for once per month, and 3.22 for once per year, linear trend; p = 0.004) and years of practice were associated with better self-perceived ability to deliver bad news (mean score of 3.75 for ≥15 years, 3.48 for <15 years, and 3.30 for residents/fellows, linear trend; p < 0.001). Having received formal training in breaking bad news was associated with better perceived ability score, yet not statistically significant (3.51 vs. 3.39, p = 0.31). Most patients (97.5%) and physicians (92.1%) believe delivering bad news can be taught. Conclusion Physicians and patients agree that skills of delivering bad news can be learned. Patients are less critical of their physicians' ability to deliver bad news than physicians are themselves. Further study of best methods to deliver bad news is clearly indicated for the field of ophthalmology.


In recent years, issues on global warming and climate change have received public attention. One of the causes of this problem is carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Therefore, a proper route can reduce this problem. This article aims to develop the Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm (HWOA) to minimize the distribution cost of the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP). The proposed algorithm is based on the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) algorithm combined with the Tabu search algorithm and local search procedures. In the proposed HWOA algorithm, 10% of the whale search agents were adjusted according to the Tabu Search heuristic procedure. A local search was applied to improve the algorithm's quality. Furthermore, a numerical experiment is carried out to test the proposed algorithm. The experiments are conducted to determine the effect of parameters and various speeds on total distribution cost and computation time. Moreover, The proposed algorithm is also compared to some previous algorithms. The findings showed that HWOA is more competitive in minimizing the total distribution cost of GVRP as compared to other algorithms.


In accordance with the nonlinearity of platinum resistors in temperature measurement,the principal of nonlinear errors are analyzed,the methods of reducing nonlinear errors are discussed.The theory basis for the nonlinear compensation method of platinum resistance is offered.The related error analysis and test results are presented.


Approaches to selection of technological mining schemes based on selective potash seam extraction are described. Progressive technological mining schemes for potash mining company «Belaruskaliy» and the geological conditions of the IV potash horizon are reviewed. Basic aspects of the geomechanical substantiation of parameters of technological mining schemes for conditions of the new potash horizon in the presence of influence of the overlying horizons are also presented. Guidelines for substantiation of progressive mining methods for the conditions of the IV potash horizon (Third Mine, «Belaruskaliy») are developed on the basis of the modeling of the stress-and-strain state of the rocks.


We explore a physical approach to invert ferroelectric domains in the volume of MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals without any external electric field. Permanent defect structures are created by focused infrared femtosecond laser pulses below the material surface along the polar axis followed by a thermal treatment. This procedure leads to an inversion of ferroelectric domains beneath and above the laser-induced filaments up to the surfaces of the crystal. All domain walls are straight and up to 800 μm long. We measure the domain width in dependence on the length of the filaments and the writing energy. The smallest achieved domain width and the domain spacing is 1 μm. We propose a model taking into account the temperature dependence of the pyroelectric field and thermally activated bulk charges to explain the mechanism of domain inversion. Our findings pave the way to all-optical printing of arbitrary ferroelectric domain structures for nonlinear photonic applications.We explore a physical approach to invert ferroelectric domains in the volume of MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals without any external electric field. Permanent defect structures are created by focused infrared femtosecond laser pulses below the material surface along the polar axis followed by a thermal treatment. This procedure leads to an inversion of ferroelectric domains beneath and above the laser-induced filaments up to the surfaces of the crystal. All domain walls are straight and up to 800 μm long. We measure the domain width in dependence on the length of the filaments and the writing energy. The smallest achieved domain width and the domain spacing is 1 μm. We propose a model taking into account the temperature dependence of the pyroelectric field and thermally activated bulk charges to explain the mechanism of domain inversion. Our findings pave the way to all-optical printing of arbitrary ferroelectric domain structures for nonlinear photonic applications.


The invention relates to wheat flavor paste and a production method thereof, which belong to the technical field of flavoring production. The wheat flavor paste is produced by stewing, mildewing, drying and crushing wheat, uniformly mixing salt, fresh hot pepper, zanthoxylum seed, white sugar, cumin powder, Chinese cinnamon, sesame, perilla leaves, ginger, aniseed, hawkthorn powder, medlar, dried orange peel, soybean, spice leaves and wheat powder, and putting the mixture in an airtight container to perform natural fermentation for 80 to 90 days. By using the method, fermentation is performed under natural conditions due to moisture in the hop pepper, so the natural flavor of the wheat flavor paste is retained. Moreover, the production method solves the problems that conventional flour paste cannot meet the requirements of consumers due to single nutrition and flavor caused by single raw material, and that traditional flour paste has a complicated production process and cannot realize industrialized production. The wheat flavor paste has the advantages of rich flavor, delightful color, abundant nutrition and suitability for various cooked dishes or direct eating.


In this paper, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to optimize the coefficients of decoupling controllers for a nonlinear process. The optimization criteria considered is the Integral Square Error (ISE) to minimize the tracking error. The controller is tuned at chosen operating points, which are selected to cover the nonlinear range of the process. The optimal PID controller parameters are gain scheduled using Sugeno Fuzzy Gain scheduler. Fuzzy gain scheduling is a special form of model-based fuzzy control that uses linguistic rule fuzzy reasoning to determine the controller parameter transition policy for a dynamic plant subject to large changes in the operating state. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme has been demonstrated by conducting simulation studies on a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) which exhibits dynamic nonlinearity.


High quantum-efficiency, excellent linearity, and low noise make frame-transfer silicon Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) ideal imagers at very low light levels in the UV to 900 nm range. Scientific-grade CCDs are now available with less than 10e noise from at least four manufacturers. In astronomy these CCDs on large and small telescopes enable studies of objects 100 times fainter than is possible using photographic and video-camera techniques. This is due both to the high quantum efficiency and the photometric stability of the CCD. Chopping techniques, taking advantage of this stability, allow cancellation of low-level systematics. Detection levels of 2×10-5 photons m-2 nm-1 sec-1 pixel-1 have been achieved. Faint galaxies and stars of 30th magnitude are detected in 6 hours integration on a 4 meter telescope, corresponding to 0.02 photons/sec/pixel. Soon the efficiency of large telescopes for survey studies will be improved by the use of CCD mosaics, covering the entire usable focal plane.


A HOSPITALIZED 81year-oldmanwithhypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lowerlimbobstructivearteriopathy,andantithrombin III deficiency who was being treated with low-molecularweight heparin, clopidogrel bisulfate, and acetylsalicylic acid presented with sudden aphasia and right hemiplegia. Brain computed tomography (CT) results were negative; CT angiography (CTA) of the cervicocranial arteries (Figure, A) showed an occluded left middle cerebral artery M1 segment. One hour later, the symptoms completely regressed. Shortly afterward, results from brain diffusion-weighted imaging (Figure, B) and apparent diffusion coefficient maps were negative. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the intracranial arteries (Figure,C) showed complete recanalization of the left middlecerebralartery.Sixweeks later, resultsonMRimagingof thebrainand MRangiographyof the intracranialarteries were unchanged.


A $\Lambda$-tree is a $\Lambda$-metric space satisfying three axioms (1), (2) and (3). We give a characterization of those ordered abelian groups $\Lambda$ for which axioms (1) and (2) imply axiom (3). As a special case, it follows that for the important class of ordered abelian groups $\Lambda$ that satisfy $\Lambda=2\Lambda$, (3) follows from (1) and (2). For some ordered abelian groups $\Lambda$, we show that axiom (2) is independent of the axioms (1) and (3) and ask whether this holds for all ordered abelian groups. Part of this work has been formalized in the proof assistant \textsf{Lean}.


Summary of Findings Overall, 451 students participated in the project. After adjusting for differ-ences among the groups, the project's three instructional conditions provided the opportunity for between-group comparisons of adjustment to college in the first semester after matriculation, final grades, and course withdrawal rates. Statistical analyses of the adap-tation-to-college data indicated that students who had the opportunity to participate in an online, college-level course prior to high-school matricula-tion adjusted significantly more easily to college in their first semester than did their colleagues. 7 In addition, we found that, overall, online students withdrew from their Clipper course in higher numbers than their face-to-face counterparts (41.5 percent versus 3 per-cent). There was no significant differ-ence between online and face-to-face students' final course grades. 8 Interestingly, when we examined final course grades across the "age" of the courses (whether each course was in its first, second, or third cycle), we dis-covered that the online students' mean scores improved significantly overall with each course cycle. Table 1 supplies the output of our one-way analysis of variance for final course grade by course age between groups of students.


The empirical investigation and development of a new Drainage Research Group drain-line carry test solid (DRG) for use in building drainage, waste and ventilation system research is described. The 'shelf life' of the National Bureau of Standards test solid used historically (NBS solid) was short and variability in results was large, making it problematic for use in extended investigative work. Further investigations revealed that the materials used in its construction were porous and osmosis would be a contributing factor to the variability observed, as would biofilm growth, causing changes in the coefficients of kinetic and static friction. This research is timely in view of the changing (i.e. generally reducing) volume and energy of contemporary discharges through water conservation initiatives such as WaterWise. Modern materials and analytical techniques present an opportunity to update the NBS solid and develop a modern alternative for research. The results from laboratory testing of the DRG solid compare favourably to the results from the NBS solid. The current mathematical description of the behaviour of a test solid used in a computer-based simulation model (DRAINET) is expanded and updated to include the new findings, creating the potential for extensive follow-on uptake of these results and use by other researchers and potentially use as a standard. Practical application : The research described articulates with other work in this field related to water conservation strategies; specifically, the investigation of potential unintended consequences through failure to maintain effective drain line carry and self-cleansing velocities. The results are suitable for use by researchers generally and by mathematical modellers in particular.


Objectives We aimed to determine the rate of catastrophic health expenditure incurred by women using maternal healthcare services at faith-based hospitals in Madagascar. Design This was a secondary analysis of programmatic data obtained from a non-governmental organisation. Setting Two faith-based, secondary-level hospitals located in rural communities in southern Madagascar. Participants All women using maternal healthcare services at the study hospitals between 1 March 2019 and 7 September 2020 were included (n=957 women). Measures We collected patient invoices and medical records of all participants. We then calculated the rate of catastrophic health expenditure relative to 10% and 25% of average annual household consumption in the study region. Results Overall, we found a high rate of catastrophic health expenditure (10% threshold: 486/890, 54.6%; 25% threshold: 366/890, 41.1%). Almost all women who required surgical care, most commonly a caesarean section, incurred catastrophic health expenditure (10% threshold: 279/280, 99.6%; 25% threshold: 279/280, 99.6%). The rate of catastrophic health expenditure among women delivering spontaneously was 5.7% (14/247; 10% threshold). Conclusions Our findings suggest that direct patient costs of managing pregnancy and birth-related complications at faith-based hospitals are likely to cause catastrophic health expenditure. Financial risk protection strategies for reducing out-of-pocket payments for maternal healthcare should include faith-based hospitals to improve health-seeking behaviour and ultimately achieve universal health coverage in Madagascar.


The article provides with the research of a stand of the chiefs of secret police on a matter of liberation of the serfs, territorial institutes' competencies and the principles of the judicial reform. The author came to conclusion that the chief of police was a proponent of safe controlled modernization of Russia, where privileges of the noble estate were preserved.


The availability of quality water from natural sources such as rivers, largely depend on the land use systems around the watershed ecosystem of the water body. Ogun River watershed has experienced serious anthropogenic activities in which have influenced the Land Use Types (LUTs) and as had implications on habitat structure and water quality. This study evaluated the effect of different land use types on the status of the water from Ogun River.
The stretch of Ogun River was stratified into three ecological zones (guinea savannah, rain forest and swamp forests). Within in zone, three land use types were identified along the river course: Natural Forest (NF), Disturbed Forest (DF) and Farm land (FL).Water samples were collected at upper, middle and lower sections of the river course adjoining each land use type once in two months for 24 months. The Turbidity, Acidity, Electrical conductivity (EC), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Chloride, Nitrate, Phosphate, Total Coliform and Faecal Coliform of the water samples were determined using standard procedures. The seasonal variations in the water quality variables were assessed. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Physico-chemical parameters and microbial constituents were significantly different (P>0.05) among land use types, ecological zones and between dry and rainy seasons. The Turbidity, Acidity, EC, BOD and TDS ranged from 0.69±0.07 NTU to 2.33±0.17 NTU, 0.14±0.08 mg/l to 0.44±0.04 mg/l. 135.33±0.35µs/cm to 120.15±0.12 µs/cm, 56.36±0.023 mg/ to 47.96±0.08 mg/l and 142.00±0.71 mg/l to 118.00±0.44 mg/l respectively with highest in the FL during rainy season and the lowest values during dry season in NF.
The significant differences between dry and rainy seasons show that runoff water contributes significantly to the contamination of water bodies with various sediments and higher proportion of chemical constituents. Generally, quality of water samples collected from NF was higher than those from DF and FL This inferred that vegetation plays a vital role in management of water qualities.


The present invention provides a copper slag slow cooling treatment process, comprising the following steps: A, then residue: slag packet transported to the furnace then the liquid copper slag; B, air-cooled: the dross transported to the outside, so that copper slag and dross cooling in air, and the temperature in the dross copper slag is decreased from 1250 deg.] C slowly to 1000 ℃; C, spray: copper slag and dross cooling water spray; D, deslagging: When the temperature of the outer wall of the dross less than 50 ℃, copper slag in the slag drained packet; E, crushing: copper slag tertiary crushing; F, ball: the copper slag crushed ball milling and classified to obtain coarse slag fine powder and qualified slag powder; G, flotation: the acceptable fine slag powder flotation, to obtain copper concentrate and tailings; H, magnetic separation: flotation tailings after magnetic separation, to obtain iron powder. The slow cooling copper slag treatment process, so that liquid copper slag sufficiently slow cooling, in favor of cohesion and growth of liquid copper slag copper particles enhance the recovery of copper.


This article reviews the principle, techniques, and applications of high energy ion scattering (HEIS) to surface physics. Particular emphasis is given to computer simulation of the nuclear encounter process between high energy (∼MeV) He ions and target surface atoms. This simulation is mandatory for deriving any quantitative conclusions from experimental measurements. At the same time, it is most useful to comprehend the nature of HEIS and how to use it. Also discussed are possible applications of HEIS to compound semiconductor problems, some of which are under consideration in our Optoelectronics Joint Research Laboratory.


Este trabajo propone una aproximación a la historiografía urbana en Toscana durante la Baja Edad Media. Su cronística se interpreta como resultado de dos fenómenos: la consolidación de Florencia como autoridad política hegemónica en la región y como principal foco cultural del humanismo italiano. Cada epígrafe está dedicado a las historias realizadas sobre una ciudad concreta, interpretándose el contexto de su elaboración, la relación existente entre el autor y los hechos narrados, las características literarias de la obra, su contenido, y las posibilidades y límites que ofrecen para el conocimiento histórico. El catálogo de autores y obras incluye una tipología de las mismas en función de la cronología abordada (periodizaciones acotadas, historias universales y sucesos concretos). Asimismo se precisa los métodos y técnicas de elaboración histórica empleados por los cronistas, y sus esfuerzos humanistas en el tratamiento de las fuentes y por conseguir un estilo literario de inspiración clásica.The aim of this article is to offer a closest view of the urban chronicles made in the Toscana during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. The analysis is both historiographic and historic in order to achieve a better comprehension of these Works, taking into account the political evolution of the region and the cultural background that defines it. There for it must be kept in mind that during the Late Medieval Ages Florence gradually grows stronger as the govern authority within the region, as well as the main role in the Italian Humanism.Each one of the sections in this article studies one city. The first one studies the case of Florence, followed by the other cities in the Toscana: Arezzo, Pisa, Pistoia, Prat, San Miniato, Sienna (only city that stays away from the Florentine sovereignty, remaining as a republic) and Volterra. In each case it is studied the historic, institutional and cultural reality surrounding the redaction of the chronicles, the relation between the author and the facts he relates, the literary aspect of the chronicles, in addition its content is summarized, and finally the opportunities and boundaries that the chronicles can offer to the historic knowledge is valued.The chronicles are also classified attending to its characterization. A first differentiation appears when focusing into the way the chronicles deal with the information: some offer just statements that contain the news, with no explanatory recounting, in order to achieve objectivity (Annali Fiorentini, Annali Pisani, Annali Arretonirum); other are detailed essay containing the author's most intimate feelings (Giovanni de Bonis, Baldasarre Boniaiuti, Antonio Ivani da Sarzana); and there are also Works that join together the explanatory narration with the transcription of public documents from the Comune (Giovanni Villani, Leonardo Bruni, Matteo Palmieri). In order to study this last type of chronicles its been followed the methodology by G. Arnaldi and M. Zabbia about the notary-chronicler, his academic education and notarial work, which leads them to act as attestor and to recount History based in reliable documentation.Another classification can be made according to the chronological period in each chronicle. The Universal Histories go back to the city founding during mythological era and ancient times; they have the most original historical conception, offering chronological frameworks, interpretations and purely humanistic styles (Ricordano Malispini, Baldasarre Bonaiuti, Giovanni Villano, Leonardo Bruni, Niccolò Machiavelli). On the other hand, the cronache cittadine focus in a very precise period and, mostly, contemporary to the writing (Bartolomeo di ser Gorello, Raniero Granchi, Gregorio Dati, Paolo di Tommaso Montauri, Domenico Buoninsegni, Sozomeno da Pistoia, Tommaso Fecini, Francesco Guicciardini). Finally, the ricordanze analyse a very specific and exceptional event (Alamanno Acciaioli, Luigi Guicciardini, Simone Peruzzi, Guccio Benvenuti, Antonio Ivani da Sarzana, Bastiano, Francesco Pezzati, Guasparri Spadari); belonging to this last group there are also some rhymed pieces (Carmen in victoriam Pisanorum, Ricordi di Firenze in 1459, Sacco di Prato de Stefano Guizzalotti). Besides all these chronicle types there are some others in the form of diaries and domestic chronicles (Ugolino di Niccolò Martelli, Matteo Castellani, Filippo Rinuccini).Finally the study focus in the methods and techniques used by the chroniclers in the elaboration of History. They make a record of what they see or know through probative testimonies (oral or written), valuing the document as a source for the elaboration of History. Besides the humanistic way in which the chroniclers handle the sources, they also make an effort to achieve a literary style of classic inspiration.


It elaborates the application of digital drawing skill in landform measurement.According to the features of landform measurement,it points out how to choose the two factors of measuring software,and introduces methods and procedures of outer executed drawing,which can offer theoretical base for landform measurement.


Urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in Nigeria, and continues to pose public health challenges, especially among the inhabitants of rural areas. Urinary schistosomiasis occurs in all the states of Nigeria with the highest infection rate among school age children between 6 to 17 years. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Schistosoma heamatobium infection among primary school pupils in Zangon shanu Zaria, and its relationship with some physicochemical indices of urine, studied through urinalysis. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) urine samples (75 samples from each of the two schools) were collected and examined using sedimentation technique. The parameters examined include symptoms of the disease as haematuria (presence of blood in urine), proteinuria (presence of protein in the urine) and dysuria (painful urination). The associations of risk and demographic factors with the disease were also examined, using structured questionnaire. An overall prevalence of 5.33% with 7.5% among male and 1.8% among female was obtained. The age group 13-16 years has the highest prevalence of 9.8%among the rest. The research also revealed the statistical association of shistosomiasis with haematuria, proteinuria and dysuria(p<0.05) among the subjects. The outcome of the research is an indication that schistosomiasis remained endemic in the study area, and hence recommended that control measures should be applied with a greater vigor.


This paper introduces the tacit knowledge in the medical college's library, and connecting with the special characteristics of medical college's library, discusses the sharing modes of tacit knowledge.


The presence of CO(2) increases the solubility of O(2) and CH(4) in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide at 25 degrees C and pressures to 13 bar.


Background: Following a myocardial infarction (MI) the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes massive remodeling to prevent rupture and maintain cardiac output. Large increases in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are associated with adverse ECM remodeling. We found that treatment with an HDAC inhibitor repressed post-MI upregulation of MMP-9. Significant sources of MMP-9 in the post-MI LV are M1 macrophages. Both phenotypes (M1 and M2) can contribute to MMP expression, but this is dependant on the phase of ECM remodeling. We hypothesize that HDAC inhibition regulates the post-MI expression of MMP-9 by mediating the M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. Methods: CD1 and MMP-9 β-gal reporter mice were induced with MI by LAD ligation then administered HDAC inhibitors: trichostatin A (TSA; class I and IIb), PD106 (class I), or Tubastatin A (HDAC 6) until termination at 5 or 7 days post-MI. Heart function evaluated by echocardiogram and cells or tissue by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Results: The post-MI change in LV end-diastolic volume (49±9%) is significantly lower and ejection fraction (-44±8%) is improved with treatment of TSA vs. control (69±12%; -59±6%) respectively [n=28]. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that infiltrating macrophages express MMP-9 at 5 and 7 days post-MI. HDAC inhibition decreases this expression and did so without reducing presence of macrophages within infarct. Immunoblotting shows that expression of all class I HDACs are increased following MI; however, in cultured macrophages only HDAC2 and HDAC3 are increased. TSA and PD106, inhibit control levels and lipopolysacharide (LPS) stimulated upregulation of MMP-9 in cultured RAW264.7 and bone marrow derived macrophages. Immunofluorescence revealed that treatment with PD106, Tub A, and TSA leads to M1 to M2 morphology specific polarization and maintenance of anti-inflammatory, M2, phenotype even with LPS stimulation in culture. However, only PD106 and TSA reduced MMP-9 expression in cultured macrophages. Conclusions: Macrophage mediated secretion of MMP-9 contributes to adverse ECM remodeling and loss of LV function post-MI. Class I HDAC inhibition promotes both M2 macrophage polarization and attenuates adverse remodeling by reducing MMP-9 expression.


The sentencing practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a relatively neglected topic in academic discussions. The few empirical studies on sentencing of international crimes have focused primarily on the sentencing practice of its 'sister court', the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Unlike ICTY defendants, almost all ICTR defendants have been convicted of and sentenced for genocide – arguably the most serious international crime. This empirical study examines the sentencing practice of the ICTR and analyses the relationship between sentence severity and the primary consideration in sentencing – crime gravity. The relevant principles stemming from ICTR case law are reviewed, followed by an examination of the interrelationship between sentence severity and factors relating to crime gravity, such as category of crime, scale of crime and the form and degree of a defendant's involvement in the crime.The ICTR judges appear in most cases to follow the main principles emphasized in their case law, with sentences gradated in line with the increasing seriousness of defendants' crimes and their culpability.


The ecological understanding of Climate Change calls forth the interdisiplinarity of such crisis and the intervention of diverse concepts to disclose the realities of Climate Change as a global calamity that needs unconventional approaches to explore. Climate Realism is a term coined by Lynn Badia et al. in their book: Climate Realism: The Aesthetics of Weather and Atmosphere in the Anthropocene. The book penetrates the challenges of Climate Change representation and the aesthetics of Climate Change adaptation which can be considered the aesthetics of resilience amidst Climate disasters. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the present research tackles Climate Change catastrophe and the aesthetics of resilience in two ecodystopian novels; namely, Maja Lunde's The End of the Ocean (2020) and Diane Cook's The New Wilderness (2020). Both novels depict horrific landscapes created by extreme Climate Changes. The two selected novels are Climate Fiction (cli-fi) depicting dystopian settings created by Climate disasters. The two novels convey a powerful message of the significance of resilience amidst hazardous Climate Changes.


The utility model relates to a mechanical transmission braking system of a self-locking electric crane, and belongs to the lifting and transport machinery. The mechanical transmission braking system can be used in such fields as the industrial and mining enterprises, families, lifting, transportation, construction, decoration and the like. The whole machine comprises a machine body, a gear transmission mechanism, a spiral loading brake and a clutch; wherein, the gear transmission mechanism comprises a gear and a shaft; the spiral loading brake is fixedly arranged on one side of the gear transmission mechanism and is combined with the gear transmission mechanism through a hear shaft; the clutch is arranged on the other side of the gear transmission mechanism, and is combined with the gear transmission mechanism through a gear shaft; the machine body is of the framework of the whole machine; and the gear transmission mechanism, the spiral loading brake and the clutch are arranged on the machine body. The gear transmission mechanism is provided with a self-locking device with the mechanical efficiency up to 98%, and the self-locking device used with the motor. The utility model has the advantages of compact structure, reasonable design, simple manufacture, low cost, energy-saving and efficiency-enhancing performance, convenient operation and maintenance, safe and reliable use and wide range of application.


Objective To investigate the basic data of risk estimation of lung cancer among non-uranium miners in China.Methods 2836 workers from 24 mines in 9 provinces/regions were face-to-face interviewed to collect information including age at exposure,exposure duration,cigarette smoking among others.Results Age of the investigated non-uranium miners ranged from 17 to 72(36.9±8.0)years.The miners received low and poor education,3% of them were illiterate,58% with primary and middle school education,only 7% with junior college and higher education.Seventy-five percent of the uranium miners are migrant rural workers.Ethnic minority miners accoungted for 16% of all the investigated miners.Among the migrant rural workers age at initial exposure was estimated to be 29.6±8.0 years.By the time of the investigation,46.7% of the miners had worked in the mine for five years and longer,working years in the mine was 6.7±6.8 years with a median of 4.1years.3.4% of the non-uranium miners began the initial radon exposure in mines before their 18 years of old.17.5% of the investigated miners reported working more than 8 h every working day.Among the males,58.0% were current smokers with a median of 16 cigarettes per day.Age to begin the cigarette smoking was 20 years on average.Current smoking rate was age-dependent,the rate as high as 69.2% for the males aged 15-19 years.Current smoking rate was significantly statistically lower in coal mines than that in other mines,49.0% vs 62.5%.Compared with other miners,more frequent mechanical ventilations were reported by coal miners,Conclusions In China non-uranium mines,75% were migrant rural workers,by the time of the investigation about half of them had worked in the mines for at least five years.Non-uranium miners began their mining at 30 years on average,with a very small percentage of 3%,exposed to the mining radon before their 18 years.Current cigarette smoking rate in non-uranium male miners was the same as the general male population in China.

Key words:
Non-uranium mine; Miners; Radon; Lung cancer; Risk estimation


Key Points Question What is the accuracy of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) estimation when comparing the Friedewald, extended Martin/Hopkins, and Sampson equations with LDL-C measured through ultracentrifugation at triglyceride levels of 400 to 799 mg/dL? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 111 939 patients, across all individual guideline LDL-C classes from <40 to ≥190 mg/dL, estimation of LDL-C with the extended Martin/Hopkins equation was most accurate (62.1%) compared with the Friedewald (19.3%) and Sampson (40.4%) equations. Meaning These results suggest that the extended Martin/Hopkins method offers greater accuracy compared with the Friedewald and Sampson equations at triglyceride levels of 400 to 799 mg/dL, with less underestimation at low LDL-C levels compared with the Friedewald and Sampson equations.


Presence of radon, thoron and their decay products in household environment is considered a potential health hazard. Measurement of their levels is an important aspect to assess the threat they may pose to humans. Considering this their measurement from some dwellings of Union Territory Chandigarh, India has been carried out. Seasonal variation of these values has also been studied. A correlation study of exhalation rates from soil samples of areas close to the dwellings has also been carried out. The indoor radon concentration varied from 7.9 ± 0.5 to 39.2 ± 2.3 Bq m−3 with an average of 23.3 Bq m−3 while the thoron concentration in the same dwellings varied from 0.15 ± 0.01 to 24.6 ± 1.0 Bq m−3 with an average of 10.7 Bq m−3. Annual effective dose varied from 0.3 to 1.4 mSv with an average of 0.8 mSv. The radon mass and surface exhalation rates from the soil samples varied from 0.9 to 1.9 mBq/kg/h with an average of 1.39 ± 0.29 mBq/kg/h and 20.7–42.3 mBq/m2/h with an average of 31.4 ± 6.8 mBq/m2/h, respectively. The value of in situ gamma dose found to be varied from 0.14 to 0.31 µSv/h.


This paper analyzes the interdependence and interdependence of expenditure budgets with the objectives and functions of the state. The author formulated the author's definition of budget expenditures, developed signs of budget expenditures, their classification in the ordinary and extraordinary. On the basis of analysis of the budget law allocated special modes of budget spending.


Abstract Motivation High-throughput chemical genomic screens produce informative datasets, providing valuable insights into unknown gene function on a genome-wide level. However, there is currently no comprehensive analytic package publicly available. We developed ChemGAPP to bridge this gap. ChemGAPP integrates various steps in a streamlined and user-friendly format, including rigorous quality control measures to curate screening data. Results ChemGAPP provides three sub-packages for different chemical-genomic screens: ChemGAPP Big for large-scale screens; ChemGAPP Small for small-scale screens; and ChemGAPP GI for genetic interaction screens. ChemGAPP Big, tested against the Escherichiacoli KEIO collection, revealed reliable fitness scores which displayed biologically relevant phenotypes. ChemGAPP Small demonstrated significant changes in phenotype in a small-scale screen. ChemGAPP GI was benchmarked against three sets of genes with known epistasis types and successfully reproduced each interaction type. Availability and implementation ChemGAPP is available at https://github.com/HannahMDoherty/ChemGAPP, as a standalone Python package as well as Streamlit applications.


By analyzing large quantities of discharges in the unfavorable ion drift direction, I-mode operation has been confirmed in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. During the L-mode to I-mode transition, the energy confinement is improvement substantially by the formation of a high-temperature edge pedestal, while the particle confinement remains almost identical to that in the L-mode. Similar with I-mode observations on other devices, the Er profiles obtained by the eight-channel Doppler backscattering system (DBS8) (Hu et al 2017 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88 073504) show a deeper edge Er well in the I-mode than that in the L-mode. Additionally a weak coherent mode (WCM) with the frequency range of 40–150 kHz is observed at the edge plasma with the radial extent of about 2–3 cm. WCM could be observed in both density fluctuation and radial electric field fluctuation, and the bicoherence analyses showed significant couplings between WCM and high frequency turbulence, implying that the Er fluctuation and the caused flow shear from WCM should play an important role during I-mode operation. In addition, a low-frequency oscillation with a frequency range of 5–10 kHz is always accompanied with WCM, where the geodesic acoustic model intensity decreases or disappears. The evidence shows that the a low-frequency oscillation may be a novel kind of limited cycle oscillation but further investigation is needed to explain the new properties such as the harmonics and obvious magnetic perturbations.


New regulatory data reveal extensive price discrimination against non-financial clients in the FX derivatives market. The client at the 90th percentile pays an effective spread of 0.5%, while the bottom quarter incur transaction costs of less than 0.02%. Consistent with models of search frictions in over-the-counter markets, dealers charge higher spreads to less sophisticated clients. However, price discrimination is eliminated when clients trade through multi-dealer request-for-quote platforms. We also document that dealers extract rents from captive clients and market opacity, but only for contracts negotiated bilaterally with unsophisticated clients. This version: May 7th 2019. First version: December 15, 2017. JEL Codes: G14, G18, D4


Setting one national highway as example,it introduces the design process and the decision of parameter of foam asphalt cold regeneration base, puts forward the construction points and the program should pay attention to,and points out that the cold regeneration technique can save the resources and decrease the projects costs,value to prompt and apply.


Biopharmaceuticals or 'biologics' have revolutionized the treatment of many diseases. However, some patients generate an immune response to such drugs, potentially limiting clinical efficacy and safety. Infliximab (Remicade®) is a monoclonal antibody used to treat several immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. A biosimilar of infliximab, CT-P13 (Remsima®, Inflectra®), has recently been approved in Europe for all indications in which infliximab is approved. Approval of CT-P13 was based in part on extrapolation of clinical trial data from two indications (rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis) to all other indications, including inflammatory bowel disease. This review discusses the validity of extrapolating immunogenicity data across indications – a process adopted by the EMA as part of their biosimilar approval process – with a focus on CT-P13.


An object of the present invention is to provide a new electron emission light-emitting device and a flat panel display device having the same that can and can lower the drive voltage and improved luminous efficiency. It is also an object of the present invention to provide an electron emission light-emitting device having a novel structure, which while having a reliable and reproducible to form a nanogap. PN junction diode in the present invention, formed of a depletion layer having a predetermined thickness to it; The opposite to the depletion layer of the PN junction diode with a predetermined interval placed the anode electrode; And it provides an electron emission light-emitting device and a flat panel display device using the same that includes a phosphor layer formed in a front portion of the anode electrode.


Although the syndrome of "subacute cor pulmonale" caused by multiple tumour emboli to the pulmonary arteries has been well-described,' few reports have recorded detailed haemodynamic measurements from the pulmonary circulation in this setting. We describe a woman with known metastatic breast carcinoma who developed dyspnoea of hidden origin. Perfusion lung scanning and pulmonary angiography with haemodynamic recordings were performed, and the results demonstrate not only the development of remarkable pulmonary hypertension, but also the difficulty of antemortem diagnosis of the syndrome when emboli involve only the small arteries and arterioles.


The previous study reported the biological effect of magnetic field exerted by acting on endocrine and anti-oxidant system. The present study aims to study whether ELF-MF (extremely low frequency magnetic field) affects the physiological endocrine systems such as thyroid and whether ELF-MF affects the defense system against oxidative stress when it alters the function of thyroid. Finally, we correlate the effects of MF on oxidative stress, and adrenal and thyroid with an environmental stress factor. We exposed sham or MF to rats for 5 or 25 days. After the exposure, we determined pain sensitivity, level of TSH, and free in plasma. We also assayed in whole brain, lipid peroxidation, the activity of enzymatic anti-oxidant defense including superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and non enzymatic defense such as reduced or oxidized glutathione contents. MF induced the hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli with the reduction of latency. and levels were also increased by the exposure of MF. In addition, we observed the rise of MDA level in rat brain by MF although the MF did not change superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. The effect of MF on both reduced and oxidized glutathione results in decrease in reduced or oxidized glutathione in whole brain. In every experiment, there was no significant difference in MF influence between short term (5 days) and long term (25 days) exposure. Taken together, MF exposure affects the thyroid hormonal control in brain. The elevated thyroid hormone acts on brain, leading to hyper-utilization of oxygen. This phenomenon may be correlated with oxidative stress resulting from MF exposure. In conclusion, we suggest that MF exposure may be an environmental stress by exerting oxidative stress.


Despite an abundance of semiparametric estimators of the transformation model, no procedure has been proposed yet to test the hypothesis that the transformation function belongs to a finite-dimensional parametric family against a nonparametric alternative. In this article, we introduce a bootstrap test based on integrated squared distance between a nonparametric estimator and a parametric null. As a special case, our procedure can be used to test the parametric specification of the integrated baseline hazard in a semiparametric mixed proportional hazard model. We investigate the finite sample performance of our test in a Monte Carlo study. Finally, we apply the proposed test to Kennan's strike durations data.


Low-energy ion beam technology is very interesting for material researchers. The advantages of this technology are the controllability of both the ion species and the energy of impinging ions, and the process in an ultra-high vacuum. However, the quality of the ion beam must be well considered during the designing process. Organometallic ion beam deposition which is a newly developed attractive technique for compound research is also described.


In the wake of going of the Benami exchange Amendment Act 2016, the extent of Section 41 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882 has gotten constrained. The object of Section 41 of Transfer of Property Act is to secure the enthusiasm of the blameless outsiders who with sensible consideration and in accordance with some basic honesty go into an exchange with the ostensible owner, where the real proprietor through unequivocal affirmation or understood through his direct approves the ostensible proprietor to move the property. After the passing of Benami exchange (prohibition) Act, the real proprietor has gotten ostensible proprietor aside from now and again. The transferee who purchases the property from the ostensible proprietor can't exploit Section 41 of transfer of property Act, 1882 aside from when the ostensible proprietor is the spouse or unmarried daughter or somebody in guardian connection with the real owner, as these are viewed as special cases to benami exchanges . In different case laws it has been seen that the intention behind the benami exchange must be proved. Be that as it may, this will be to the disservice of the transferee or the individual claiming the exchange to be benami. As they won't just need to demonstrate that their privileges are being damaged yet will likewise need to demonstrate the thought process behind such an exchange, which is a troublesome undertaking to do. In this way it would be hard for such people to get equity.


The caregiver support ratio (CSR) is defined as the number of potential caregivers aged 45–64 years, the most common caregiving age range, for each person aged 80+, the subgroup of older adults most at risk of needing long-term services and support. This study uses data from the CENSUS HUB database and from the UN database to calculate the current (last year available: 2011) and projected (2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050) CSR for a group of European countries. Mediterranean countries, France, Belgium, and Sweden presented the lowest CSR (5:1) in 2011. The countries with the highest CSR were Slovakia (9:1) and Ireland, Poland, Cyprus, and Malta (8:1). The estimated CSR is expected to progressively decline from 6:1 (2011) to 2:1 (2050) for all countries. Although differences in the CSR exist between countries, the number of people aged 45–64 who are available to care for each person aged 80+ will decrease uniformly in the coming decades. Cross-national challenges for gerontological social policies and healthcare provision are expected due to the increasing demand for long-term care among the oldest population.


Food waste (FW) is an omnipresent phenomenon and there is no exception in Malaysia. Statistics compiled by SWCorp Malaysia indicate that Malaysians typically produce 38,000 t/d of municipal solid waste (MSW), in which FW encompasses about 40 % or 15,000 t/d. To make the matter worse, more than 80% of the FW ended up in open landfills with no energy recovery system, posing a serious environmental concern and energy waste. Meanwhile, the Malaysia Government proposed to reduce up to 40 % greenhouse gas emissions intensity of GDP compared to the 2005 level and realise the renewable energy mix to 20 % by 2025. While the Malaysia Government emphasises on solar and hydro powers as renewable energies, unavoidable FW should be recycled and valorised to renewable biogas and other value-added products as far as possible. Although the Malaysia Government has formulated plans to prevent and reduce FW, most of the FW is still yet to be recycled and separated from other MSW at the source. It is important to note that if FW is mixed with other MSW, it will be contaminated and cannot be recycled for beneficial use. Hence, a simple sorting process is essential to motivate the people to separate FW from the other MSW at the source.


When compared with their prosocial peers, aggressive children have more difficulties with problem-solving, emotion regulation, and social skills. Early disturbances in the parent–child relationship have long been recognised as putative factors; however, little attention has been focused on the preschool years, a period now recognised as critical for the development of social competence. This paper examines the differences between mothers of aggressive and non-aggressive preschoolers with respect to their ability to scaffold during joint problem-solving interactions and the relations between maternal scaffolding and children's social skills. The participants of this study were 60 preschoolers (3–6 years; 30 aggressive and 30 non-aggressive) and their mothers. Children's level of aggression and social skills was assessed through questionnaires completed by the children's mothers. The dyads engaged in a structured task. The mothers were rated on their use of scaffolding strategies. The results showed differences between mothers of aggressive and non-aggressive preschoolers in all but one aspect of scaffolding, with findings being in the expected direction. Group status moderated the relation between maternal scaffolding and preschoolers' social skills, specifically for assertion and self-control. The results are interpreted in terms of their importance for early intervention efforts with aggressive children.


In the debate on the Native Authority (Amendment) Law of 1955, the late Premier of the North, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, replying to the demand that 'it is high time in the development of local government systems in this Region that obsolete and undemocratic ways of appointing Emirs' Councils should close', commented that 'the right traditions that we have gone away from are the cutting off of the hands of thieves, and that has caused a lot of thieving in this country. Why should we not be cutting (off) the hands of thieves in order to reduce thieving? That is logical and it is lawful in our tradition and custom here.' This could be read as a defence against social change, a recrudescence of 'barbarism' after the inroads of pax Britannica, and a plea for the retention of the status quo and the entrenched privilege of the political elite.


The aim of the present paper is to assess the validity of several energetic, morphological and morphodynamic indices, and their application to Vistahermosa and La Barrosa beaches (Cadiz Bay), as a preliminary attempt to establish the morphodynamic behaviour of these coastal zones. Earlier studies have used some of these indices, while others are completely new. All of them are involve the integration of field data, topographic restitution and granulometric analysis, as well as instrumental wave monitoring during a complete seasonal cycle. Although a good general behaviour of the indices can be concluded, the addition of high-energy data from storm events should be included in future studies.


After listing basic properties of the Standard Model (SM) that play the crucial role in the field of flavour and CP violation, we discuss the following topics: 1) CKM matrix and the unitarity triangle. 2) Theoretical framework in a non-technical manner, classifying various extentions of the SM. 3) Particle-Antiparticle mixing and various types of CP violation. 4) Standard analysis of the unitarity triangle. 5) Strategies for the determination of the angles alpha, beta and gamma in non-leptonic B decays. 6) The rare decays K^+ -> pi^+ nu \bar nu and K_L -> pi^0 nu \bar nu 7) Models with minimal flavour violation (MFV). 8) Models with new complex phases, addressing in particular possible signals of new physics in the B -> pi K data and their implications for rare K and B decays. A personal shopping list for the rest of this decade closes these lectures.


The effect of the ponderomotive depression of the plasma density on the power reflexion coefficient is calculated in the first space harmonic approximation. Numerical results demonstrate a considerable growth of the reflexion coefficient when increasing the RF power. Exceptionally, the reflexion coefficient can be almost invariable up to high RF power densities (≃ 10kW cm-2), if the unperturbed plasma density gradient is high (≳ 5 × 1012 cm-4). The relation of the present theory to experiments is discussed.


The chromia catalysts supported on γ Al 2O 3 and SiO 2 were prepared by impregnation method, and their catalytic activity for ethylbenzene (EB) dehydrogenation in the presence of CO 2 were investigated. The Cr 2O 3/Al 2O 3 catalyst was much more active than Cr 2O 3/SiO 2, which might be due to the much better dispersion of Cr 2O 3 on γ Al 2O 3 than that on SiO 2. The maximum ethylbenzene conversion of 59 0% over Cr 2O 3/Al 2O 3 appeared when w (Cr 2O 3)=25%, which was slightly higher than the dispersion threshold of Cr 2O 3 on γ Al 2O 3 support. The dispersed chromia species were more active than the crystalline ones. Compared with pure N 2 atmosphere, CO 2 atmosphere showed an obvious promoting effect on EB dehydrogenation. Under the same reaction conditions, the Cr 2O 3/Al 2O 3 catalyst displayed better catalytic performance than Fe 2O 3/Al 2O 3 and V/MgO catalysts. The XPS and TPR results revealed that both Cr 6+ and Cr 3+ species were present on the Cr 2O 3/Al 2O 3 catalyst, and the Cr 6+ species were probably the precursors of the active sites for EB dehydrogenation.


The stochastic order redshift technique (SORT) is a simple, efficient, and robust method to improve cosmological redshift measurements. The method relies upon having a small ($\sim$10 per cent) reference sample of high-quality redshifts. Within pencil-beam-like sub-volumes surrounding each galaxy, we use the precise dN/d$z$ distribution of the reference sample to recover new redshifts and assign them one-to-one to galaxies such that the original rank order of redshifts is preserved. Preserving the rank order is motivated by the fact that random variables drawn from Gaussian probability density functions with different means but equal standard deviations satisfy stochastic ordering. The process is repeated for sub-volumes surrounding each galaxy in the survey. This results in every galaxy with an uncertain redshift being assigned multiple"recovered"redshifts from which a new redshift estimate can be determined. An earlier paper applied SORT to a mock Sloan Digital Sky Survey at $z \lesssim$ 0.2 and accurately recovered the two-point correlation function on scales $\gtrsim$4 $h^{-1}$Mpc. In this paper, we test the performance of SORT in surveys spanning the redshift range 0.75$<z<$2.25. We used two mock surveys extracted from the Small MultiDark-Planck and Bolshoi-Planck N-body simulations with dark matter haloes that were populated by the Santa Cruz semi-analytic model. We find that SORT is able to improve redshift estimates and recover distinctive large-scale features of the cosmic web. Further, it provides unbiased estimates of the redshift-space two-point correlation function $\xi(s)$ on scales $\gtrsim$2.5 $h^{-1}$Mpc, as well as local densities in regions of average or higher density. This may allow improved understanding of how galaxy properties relate to their local environments.


This chapter discusses ethical issues in the area of rationing and missed nursing care from two different perspectives: 1) philosophical/conceptual and 2) empirical descriptive ethics. In addition, ethical issues can be approached from 1) the societal and organizational levels, i


A new patent analysis method based on enterprise collaboration was put forward to better use patent resources for enterprise innovation.A patent analysis platform prototype based on enterprises collaboration was constituted,which can support accurate and complete patent search by constituting and improving the ontology database.The enterprises are encouraged to upload their private patent information by incentive mechanism and confidential mechanism.Patent information in the platform database was analyzed.In addition,the platform takes advantage of relations between product technique classification and international patent classification(IPC) to form the product based patent technique classification database.An application in a digital television enterprise showed that associate patents were found by patents combination analysis with different enterprises,so as to achieve the patent collaboration,patent sharing and patent pool between enterprises