This study examines the extent to which the symbolic and instrumental images and attractiveness toward an organization are related. This study further focuses on global human resource management and reports findings from two studies: Study 1 uses the data from undergraduate students, and Study 2 cross-validates the findings of Study 1 by using actual data from employees. The distinction of this study from previous works is that the present work focuses on a Korean organizational context (collectivistic cultures) and the differences between the potential applicants and employees in the perception of an organization′s attractiveness. Furthermore, it investigates the relationship between the symbolic and instrumental images toward organizations, unlike existing relative research. The results show that the symbolic and instrumental images are related, and the perceptions of the corporate image differ for the potential applicants and employees in the context of collectivistic cultures. The more competent employees consider their organization to be, the more job security they perceive their organization to provide. Moreover, the symbolic image of being competent is negatively related to the instrumental image of job security. Since this study used cross-sectional data, future studies need to use longitudinal data to establish our model′s causal claim empirically and investigate the underlying reasons behind these differences.


Activating mutations in GNAS are important in the development of a range of neoplasms, including a small proportion of conventional adenomas and colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). However, their contribution to serrated pathway neoplasia is unclear, as mutations have only been examined in small series of sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), and not in serrated tubulovillous adenomas (sTVAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and significance of GNAS mutations in colorectal adenomas and CRCs.


For the purpose of investigating the influence of fine contents on the dynamic properties of mixed soil, a series of triaxial tests were conducted on the gravelly soil mixed with fine contents. The confining pressures of 100, 150, and 200 kPa were selected. The dynamic triaxial tests were carried out on the samples with 0%, 20%, and 40% fine contents respectively. The axial dynamic strain and pore water pressure curves of the specimens were obtained when different excitation forces were applied. The experimental results indicated that the strength of mixed soils presented an increasing tendency with the increase of confining pressures. Under low confining pressure, the strength increased at first then decreased with the increase of fine contents, while appearing to downtrend under high confining pressure. When the excitation force was large, the axial dynamic strain and pore water pressure increased rapidly.


Characterizing the molecular composition of solar-type protostars is useful for improving our understanding of the physico-chemical conditions under which the Sun and its planets formed. In this work, we analyzed the Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array (ALMA) data of the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS), an unbiased spectral survey of the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293–2422, and we tentatively detected 3-hydroxypropenal (HOCHCHCHO) for the first time in the interstellar medium towards source B. Based on the observed line intensities and assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium, its column density is constrained to be ∼ 10 15 cm − 2 , corresponding to an abundance of 10 − 4 relative to methanol, CH 3 OH. Additional spectroscopic studies are needed to constrain the excitation temperature of this molecule. We included HOCHCHCHO and five of its isomers in the chemical network presented in Manigand et al. (2021, A&A, 645, A53) and we predicted their chemical evolution with the Nautilus code. The model reproduces the abundance of HOCHCHCHO within the uncertainties. This species is mainly formed through the grain surface reaction CH 2 CHO + HCO → HCOCH 2 CHO, followed by the tautomerization of HCOCH 2 CHO into HOCHCHCHO. Two isomers, CH 3 COCHO and CH 2 COHCHO, are predicted to be even more abundant than HOCHCHCHO. Spectroscopic studies of these molecules are essential in searching for them in IRAS 16293–2422 and other astrophysical sources.


The utility model discloses a prestress space grid structure. The prestress space grid structure comprises cube connecting members, a pressure bearing rod and prestress ropes. A cube rigid frame form is adopted in the cube connecting members, and the eight vertexes are provided with positioning holes and connected with the prestress wire ropes. When the two adjacent members are connected, the centroids of connecting faces are determined through the prestress ropes in the members, and the centroids of connecting faces are connected through the pressure bearing rod. Prestress is applied to the prestress ropes through four members parallel to the pressure bearing rod. The grid structure on a plane or in a space can be formed by repeated extension in the process. The pressure bearing rod and the prestress ropes belong to a hinged system except cube joint parts, and the pressure bearing rod bears pressure purely, so that calculation is facilitated, prestress is convenient to apply, a large span can be formed easily, and stability is high. The form of splicing joints, the pressure bearing rod and the prestress ropes is adopted in the structure, so that the size is easy to control.


Objective To investigate the mental health status of patients undergoing cerebral apoplexy hemiplegia rehabilitation therapy.Methods 78 patients under stroke hemiplegia rehabilitation treatment were chosen as the test group,and 78 controls with no obvious chronic psychosomatic disease(relatives of patients) were chosen as control group.The test group was given rehabilitation therapy.The two groups used symptom checklist(SCL-90) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) scale for assessment of mental health status of adults.The scores of 2 groups were observed.Results In the test group,scores of SCL-90 and N and P of EPQ in somatization,obsessive symptoms,depression,anxiety,fear factor were higher than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion It is common that patients with hemiplegia have psychological problems,and application of psychological treatment can promote the rehabilitation of neurological function.


This piece is a response to Jackie Craissati's article 'Should we worry about sex offenders who deny their offences?' Craissati takes the view that current practices should be more reflective of the current research and evidence relating that there is a lack of association between denial and increased risk of sexual recidivism. However, through exploring these points, she recognises that the research is unequivocal, and that there are moral and ethical dilemmas faced by practitioners in attempting to adopt such an approach to treatment, risk assessment and management. This article seeks to further explore the dilemmas faced by practitioners, the role of 'responsibilisation' and alternative ways of working with total denial.


The invention relates to a heart pump comprising: - a rotary impeller inserted in part into the systemic ventricle, the rotary impeller being provided with: - a membrane sutured on the external wall of the heart so as to secure the rotary impeller with the wall the heart, - a casing disposed within the systemic ventricle so as to suck and discharge the blood, - an engine disposed partly outside the systemic ventricle and connected to the housing; - an integrated management unit in the epigastric region and comprising a power supply is one of the rotary impeller controller; and - a wire connection between the management unit and the rotating impeller.


The BBH (bucket with a bottom hole) model of soil hydrology with seven parameters is an improved version of the original bucket model with two parameters (Manabe, 1969). This model can account for the gravity drainage or capillary rise through a hole at the bottom and the surface and/or canopy resistance to evaporation as well. Hydrological and meteorological data obtained at a grassland station, Amdo on the Tibetan plateau during the GAME/Tibet IOP98 were analyzed using the BBH model, and it was clarified that the parameters used in this model characterized the soil hydrology at the station briefly and rationally. The value of a parameter, σ, specifying the evaporation process changed drastically at the time when the monsoon season set in.


The Nd:YAG laser has become a critical part of optical science since it was first demonstrated at Bell Labs in 1964. The 0.946 um transition in Nd:YAG is of particular interest for two reasons: the proximity of 0.946 um to the peak responsivity of silicon photodiodes and the increased transmittance through ocean waters of the frequency doubled 0.946 um emission. The author hypothesizes that a more through characterization and modelling of Nd:YAG gain media will enable more accurate laser design models leading to improved efficiency and greater average power 0.946 um Nd:YAG laser systems. Materials under study include undoped, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, and 10% atomic (at.) Nd doped polycrystalline YAG, and undoped and 1% at. Nd doped single crystal YAG. Advantages of polycrystalline vs single crystal material include higher maximum doping percentage, tailored non‐uniform doping deposition, and reduced material strain. Room temperature transmittance measurements for all samples are performed between the mid‐infrared and ultraviolet edge of absorption band. Temperature dependent transmittance measurements are conducted on 1% and 6% polycrystalline Nd:YAG material. The temperature dependent stimulated emission cross section is determined for Nd:YAG at 0.946 um. In‐plane bidirectional scatterance distribution function (BSDF) measurements are collected at multiple wavelengths from 0.405 um to 1.55 um for all samples. Scatterance data is fit to standard models and a total integrated scatter (TIS) for each sample at various wavelengths is determined. A coated sphere anomalous diffraction (ADA) model is developed and applied to polycrystalline material. A Kubelka‐Munk wavelength dependent diffuse scatter coefficient model is developed using our ADA model. Fluorescence and absorption derived line width measurements for polycrystalline Nd doped YAG are reported. Polycrystalline YAG material is found to have broader intrinsic line width than single crystal material. This work is the first known full characterization of the optical properties with this polycrystalline host. A comparison of strengths and weaknesses of single crystal and polycrystalline is presented.


In this commentary, the Executive Director of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice, who is also a Baptist minister, notes that he has long been involved in supporting women as they made reproductive health decisions, including abortion, but only officially joined the pro-choice movement on becoming Director of the Coalition. Like many Black ministers, he became a social activist during the Civil Rights movement and has seen his life affected by many Supreme Court decisions. While his attitude towards abortion has remained the same since the Roe decision, he is increasingly committed to opening a dialogue in the religious community about all issues of sexuality and reproductive health. He is concerned that young adults may not be cognizant of the sacrifices made by previous generations to ensure protection of gains made in civil rights, reproductive rights, and women's rights. The pro-choice movement is beginning to be relevant to larger numbers of people through its education and legislative efforts, and such education is essential to avoid a repeat of the tragedies of the past.


EDITOR—As a genitourinary physician, I give unexpected diagnoses to young women every working day in my clinic. They do not expect to have chlamydia or gonorrhoea in a stable relationship—it could come from the previous boyfriend. They do not expect to have a sexual infection if they do not currently have a …


TiB2/TiC composites were in situ fabricated through spark plasma sintering(SPS) technique using Ti and B4C powders as starting materials.The phase constituent of the samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction techniques and microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscope.The Vickers hardness,fracture toughness and MSP strength at room temperature was measured by indentation method and Modified Small Punch(MSP) test.The results showed that the TiB2/TiC composite fabricated by one-step sintering(sintering at 1550℃ for 6 min) has an average grain size greater than 1 μm with MSP strength of 844 MPa.While the TiB2/TiC composite with an average grain size of about 200 nm could be fabricated by two-step sintering(at higher sintering temperature of 1550℃ and lower holding temperature of 1450℃) and its MSP strength reached as high as 1095 MPa.


"Guarinite" crystals, of composition Na 1.56 Ca 11.13 Zr 2.33 Nb 0.07 Mn 0.51 Fe 0.40 (Si 2 O 7 ) 4 (O 3.31 F 4.69 ), show extensive defective microstructural arrangements, deriving from the presence of domains with different unit-cells. The structural complexity of "guarinite" results from the variable arrangements of simple structural building units ( i.e., Si 2 O 7 groups), possibly shifted by c /2 within the framework of octahedra. Actually, [100] and [010] images acquired with a transmission electron microscope reveal ubiquitous lamellar microstructures. Interlocked irregular domains characterize the [001] projection.


This paper shows a computer application developed in visual C # that acquires and sends by Bluetooth signals of electromyography through a wireless bracelet Myo for the control of an engine that simulates the steering wheel of a vehicle. The experiments carried out allow the control of a steering system by EMG signals of the right forearm that in the future can be adapted to a user with reduced mobility in the upper limb or serve as neuromotor rehabilitation therapy through serious games in virtual reality.


The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology. By Fred Halliday. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 386 pp., $65.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-521-59240-2), $21.99 paper (ISBN: 0-521-59741-2).

The objective of Fred Halliday's The Middle East in International Relations is "to provide an introduction to the politics and, in particular, international relations of the Middle East, both through offering a history organized around particular explanatory themes and through examining a set of analytic issues in the politics of the region" (p. 13). Clearly an experienced writer, this is exactly what Halliday accomplishes. The Middle East in International Relations weaves together a judicious and balanced account of the historical and political sociology of the region with insights gleaned from a selective engagement with theories of international relations (IR). It offers a practical and accessible framework, particularly strong on historical sociology and political economy, for discussions about the region among specialists and nonspecialists alike. Serving as a bridge between general introductions to the region and more specialized texts, it will be of particular interest to graduate students and advanced undergraduates in political science, history, sociology, and Middle East studies.

The book is divided into four sections: IR theory and foreign policy (Part I); the history of the region since World War (WW) I (Part II); a set of analytic discussions on armed conflict, the role of ideological factors, transnational politics, and the impact of the world economy (Part III); and a concluding section (Part IV). Chapter 1 organizes the IR literature on the Middle East into five categories: (1) historical analysis; (2) realism; (3) foreign policy analysis (FPA); (4) ideologies, perceptions, and norms; and (5) historical and international sociology. After charting the merits and limitations of each approach, Halliday settles on historical sociology, which "looks at the core components of a political and social order, the state, ideology and society, and focuses specifically on how institutions, be they of political or social/religious power, are established and maintained" (p. 36). Emphasis …


We formulate a new Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method applicable to weakly bound deformed nuclei using the coordinate-space Green's function technique. An emphasis is put on treatment of quasiparticle states in the continuum, on which we impose the correct boundary condition of the asymptotic out-going wave. We illustrate this method with numerical examples.


In order to strengthen the construction of world history discipline and realize speciality training goals,the implementation of speciality English teaching has become a tendency in China's higher educational institutions.This paper explores its practical experiences and the problems in teaching,as well as the methods to perfect it.


Variable metabolism, dose‐dependent efficacy, and a narrow therapeutic target of cyclophosphamide (CY) suggest that dosing based on individual pharmacokinetics (PK) will improve efficacy and minimize toxicity. Real‐time individualized CY dose adjustment was previously explored using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach based on a five serum–PK sampling in patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing stem cell transplantation. The MAP approach resulted in an improved toxicity profile without sacrificing efficacy. However, extensive PK sampling is costly and not generally applicable in the clinic. We hypothesize that the assumption‐free Bayesian approach (AFBA) can reduce sampling requirements, while improving the accuracy of results.


. Assuming a standard Maxwellian for the WIMP velocity distribution, we obtain the bounds from null WIMP search results of 59.5 days of COSINE–100 data on the DAMA/LIBRA–phase2 modulation effect within the context of the non–relativistic effective theory of WIMP–nucleus scattering. Here, we systematically assume that one of the effective operators allowed by Galilean invariance dominates in the effective Hamiltonian of a spin– 1/2 dark matter (DM) particle. We find that, although DAMA/LIBRA and COSINE–100 use the same sodium–iodide target, the comparison of the two results still depends on the particle–physics model. This is mainly due to two reasons: i) the WIMP signal spectral shape; ii) the expected modulation fractions, when the upper bound on the time–averaged rate in COSINE–100 is converted into a constraint on the annual modulation component in DAMA/LIBRA. We find that the latter effect is the dominant one. For several effective operators the expected modulation fractions are larger than in the standard spin–independent or spin–dependent interaction cases. As a consequence, compatibility between the modulation effect observed in DAMA/LIBRA and the null result from COSINE–100 is still possible for several non–relativistic operators. At low WIMP masses such relatively high values of the modulation fractions arise because COSINE–100 is mainly sensitive to WIMP–sodium scattering events,


The possibility of performing the direct summation of Coulomb potentials over an ionic lattice is discussed. The regular way of enhancing the convergence is investigated, provided that artificial unit cells of high symmetry are introduced. The simplest ionic structures are considered as examples. The universal algorithm is proposed of calculating the appropriate surface contribution within the framework of the direct summation. As a result, Coulomb potentials for a boundless lattice can be reconstruced.

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The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of using humor as a teaching and learning approach in the Literacy skills program on the number of visitors to the University of North Sumatra's Library. The descriptive quantitative approach was utilized in this study, with a sample size of 100 participants, mainly new students who participated in the Literacy Skill program and visited the USU Library. Data collection was accomplished through the use of questionnaires, interviews, and a documentation study. The findings indicated that using humor as a teaching and learning approach in the Literacy skills program had a substantial beneficial effect on increasing library visits at the University of North Sumatra. The use of real-life examples of humor in literacy programs demonstrates that instructors have successfully integrated a set of best practices and methods into library instruction sessions, e.g., humorous examples, animations/cartoons, and narrative, with minimum risk. Based on a sense of humor, this strategy will assist in introducing more, promoting the library atmosphere, and encouraging visits and usage of library resources.


Twelve Norwegian food products prepared in an ordinary domestic manner, were screened for mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium strains. Mutagenic activity towards the frameshift mutations strains (TA1538 and TA98) was observed in the basic organic extracts from fried fish cakes and fish pudding. Metabolic activation with rat liver homogenate (S9) was required. The ten other food items studied were found to be devoid of mutagenic activity.


Introduction The diverse tendencies seen in Europe in the middle of the 1990s may seem fragmented. On the one hand, we see centralization from the national towards the European level and, on the other hand, decentralization from the national to the regional and municipal levels, with municipalities merging into larger unities. We see the classic mainstream parties still dominating the political spectrum but we also observe decreasing support for these mainstream parties (Castells, 1996: 347). Organizations are still being reorganized but the process, the thinking about it and the direction the change takes are more diverse and less directed towards increasing efficiency and manageability. The end of ideology was pronounced in the late 1980s but the left–right dimension still dominates in politicians' thinking (De Vries, 1998). The usefulness of performance indicators, bench marking and management information systems is taken for granted and hence they are losing out in favour of new modes of steering such as network and communicative steering. Performance indicators aimed at managing inputs are slowly being replaced by output and particularly outcome indicators. The crux of this article is that we propose a theory to understand these changes and see the contrary tendencies as temporal phenomena. It is argued here that it might be fruitful to view the newly emerging policies as a reaction to the shortcomings of the dominant mode of policy-making in previous decades. More to the point, the argument in this article is that there exists something which may be called 'policy generations' and that the newest generation manifests itself momentarily in a Europe in disarray, searching for a mission, not knowing which way to go and perhaps completely lost. This idea of policy generations is intriguing, because it rejects the idea that policy-making is to be seen as finding answers to societal problems, which is the classic principle. We see policy-making as a process of adjusting and borrowing 'possible answers to questions' which have been, seem or are expected to be successful in other policy areas, other administrative units or even in other countries. They are, in this view, hardly based on a process of problem structuring in which the nature of the problem and its causes


General cognitive ability, Teamwork KSA's, and the "Big Five" personality factors (Conscientiousne5s, Extraversion, Neuroticis~ .':\greeableness, and Openness to Experience) were examined as potential selection measures for three-person Engineering design teams. This study used objective product evaluations as the perfonnance criteria for the teams rather than measures of satisfaction and self-reported perfonnance which had been used as proxies for performance in past studies. Self-reports of satisfaction and performance were measured in order to test the validity ofusing these measures as proxies for objective performance. In the short period oftime over which this study took place, it was apparent that some teams were able to perfonn at a minimally acceptable level, and some were not. Successful teams were characterized by higher composite levels ofgeneral cognitive ability, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Teamwork KSA scores than their unsuccessful counterparts. However, from a selection standpoint, only general cognitive ability and Neuroticism provided unique variance in differentiating successful from unsuccessful teams. The heterogeneity ofConscientiousness was negatively related to the perfonnance ofsuccessful teams.


as a profession, we do a fair share of talking about diversity— diversity of culture, ethnicity, nationalism, race, sexual orientation, religion, even geographical diversity. There is one form of diversity that we are almost silent about, and that is diversity of political ideology. in the last 5 years one article was published on the topic—"exploring the political Diversity of social Workers" by Mitchell rosenwald. in this article rosenwald (2006) systematically examines the concept of political ideology among social workers. He defines political ideology as an "individual's support of policy positions that reflect their attitudes on society's relationship with technology, power distribution, dependency, and nationalism" (p. 121). His study divided political ideology into five categories— radical left, liberal, moderate, conservative, and radical right. although the study's sample was obtained from only one state, the results give us cause to reflect on our inherent assumptions about the profession. in particular, the results of the study indicated that no single political ideology was held by the majority of participants. furthermore, in terms of individual opinion items, social workers ranked as more liberal on social issues and moderate to conservative on economic welfare issues.


In general, fatigue crack initiation life results from a localized and highly competitive process. The aforementioned notion is particularly related to the ultra-fine scale initiation sites, including their crack incubation potential. This topic has been less emphasized due the basic physical complexity of the crack initiation stage. Nevertheless, and beyond terminology, the distinction between crack initiation and propagation is physically well recognized and conceptually accepted. Clearly, the role of the initiation stage deserves more of research input for better fundamental understanding. Note that the role of initiation life assessment becomes important in cases that might be characterized by crack initiation controlled processes. These include cases like the fatigue nature in small scale applications and fatigue behavior in ideal brittle materials, as well as the current case of the ultra-long life cyclic performance. In practical terms, the realization of the pre- and post- crack nucleation physically defines the critical interval that is always associated with a specific crack length formation. Therefore, the key link of the crack detection becomes self-explained. Although materials selection included polycrystalline copper and titanium alloy, the present report focuses mainly on the giga-cycle behavior of the high strength low alloy Cr-Mo steel. By following surface modification methodology intensified the propensity for sub-surface crack initiation. The fatigue mechanical response has been supplemented by high resolution visualization on top of information as revealed by Photo Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) and by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Since the system contained dispersed heterogeneity, namely second phase metalloid particles, crack initiation occurred by particle breakage or by particle/matrix de- cohesion. Accordingly, crack initiation extended to the typical "fish eye" fracture mode with sluggish crack extension rates of 10(-11) m/cycle. At this junction the study concentrated on the following issues: (a) Basic aspects of the crack stability equation. (b) Considering the local approach, what is the role of the dislocation structures in the initiation process? (c) Crack shielding origins. (d) Experimentally based, the development of the semi-cohesive zone, affecting as such the effective mechanical driving force. (e) Even on such local fine scale, fracture mechanics methodology might assist in providing the rationale regarding the micro-crack formation habit. Finally, by considering the fatigue design aspects, one of the practical criteria has been embodied in the concept of a relatively low crack threshold. The information regarding fatigue ultra-long life provides the argumentation base with respect to the mentioned criteria strength.


High-temperature polymerization of acrylates involves numerous reactions. A reliable quantitative understanding of these reactions allows for producing high quality polymers and for reliably design...


Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by raised glucose levels in the blood, resulting in grave damage over time to various body organs, including the nerves, heart, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels. One of its therapeutic treatment approaches involves the inhibition of enzymes accountable for carbohydrate digestion and absorption. The present work is aimed at evaluating the potential of some reported metabolites from Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen, Guttiferae) as alpha-amylase inhibitors. Forty compounds were assessed for their capacity to inhibit alpha-amylase using in silico studies as well as in vitro assays. Molecular docking was carried out to analyze their binding capacities in the 3D structure of alpha-amylase (PDB ID: 4GQR). Among the tested compounds, 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2,4,6,3′,4′,6′-hexahydroxybenzophenone (8), aromadendrin-8-C-glucoside (5), epicatechin (6), rhodanthenone (4), and garcixanthone D (40) had a high XP G.score and a Glide G.score of −12.425, −11.855, −11.135, and −11.048 Kcal/mol, respectively. Compound 8 possessed the XP and Glide docking score of −12.425 Kcal/mol compared to the reference compounds myricetin and acarbose which had an XP and Glide docking score of −12.319 and 11.201 Kcal/mol, respectively. It interacted through hydrogen bond formations between its hydroxyl groups and the residues His 101, Asp 197, Glu 233, Asp 300, and His 305, in addition to water bridges and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) was used to calculate the binding free energy and molecular dynamic studies that indicated the stability of the alpha-amylase-compound 8 complex during the 100 ns simulation in comparison with myricetin- and acarbose-alpha-amylase complexes. Additionally, the in vitro alpha-amylase inhibition assay findings validated the in silico study's findings. This could further validate the potential of G. mangostana as a candidate for diabetes management.


CNOOC Huizhou Refinery was designed to process crude oil with high total acid value(TAN) and low sulfur.The anticorrosion design of the crude distillation unit mainly focuses on the corrosion by naphthenic acid and corrosion in tower overhead condensing and cooling systems.For the vacuum distillation system,the main measures to control the corrosion in high temperature locations are the application of high-grade materials,injection of high-temperature corrosion inhibitor and control of flow rate and flow pattern to avoid serious corrosion area.In the low-temperature sections,the anti-corrosion measures mainly include injection of neutralization corrosion inhibitor and control of the appropriate operating conditions while on-line corrosion monitoring system is provided to monitor and control the corrosion of equipment and pipelines.The corrosion has been effectively controlled in 3 years' operation of vacuum distillation system in atmospheric-vacuum distillation unit.Serious corrosion caused by small molecule organic acid has been experienced in vacuum overhead and the corrosion rate of the 2nd fraction of vacuum distillation is relatively high.The problems of corrosion caused by small molecule organic acid,the corrosion of vacuum tower packings and corrosion of 2nd fraction of vacuum distillation are analyzed and countermeasures are recommended.


After avalanche events happen it is always difficult to collect useful data from the avalanche dimensions such as snow volume that was released in the avalanche starting zone, entrained in the track and deposited in the accumulation zone. Usually rapidly changing weather conditions or measures taken to remove the snow for emergency rescue preclude the possibility to collect useful data after the avalanche occurred. Snow depth data of the slopes involved prior to the avalanche basically never exists, if the avalanche was not artificially released for a scientific test. But such data is vitally important to calculate avalanche dynamic parameters and in tragic cases such as the avalanche that occurred in Longyearbyen Svalbard on December 19th 2015 for event documentation to improve hazard mapping. In this work we explain how it is possible using sfm-photogrammetry done using pictures from a simple smart phone camera or other cameras using a fixed objective in combination with terrestrial laser scanning to achieve such data. We discuss data accuracy we achieved investigating the Longyearbyen avalanche and explain a methodology that can be used for snow depth mapping for back calculation of avalanche events anywhere in the world.


Rapid advances of computational power and method have made it practical to apply the time-consuming calculations with all-atom force fields and sophisticated potential energies into refining NMR structure. Added to the all-atom force field, generalized-Born implicit solvent model (GBIS) contributes substantially to improving the qualities of the resulting NMR structures. GBIS approximates the effects that explicit solvents bring about even with fairly reduced computational times. Although GBIS is employed in the final stage of NMR structure calculation with experimental restraints, the effects by GBIS on structures have been reported notable. However, the detailed effect is little studied in a quantitative way. In this study, we report GBIS refinements of ubiquitin and GB1 structures by six GBIS models of AMBER package with experimental distance and backbone torsion angle restraints. Of GBIS models tested, the calculations with igb


In this world diabetes is the most serious immedicable disease. This disease oppressed a huge amount of pregnant woman in the world day by day. The blood sugar levels is also affected for this disease. For this reason the disease will dispatched to their unborn baby. For this purpose the research of diabetes instances have been confined to pregnant women in this paper. To prophesy diabetes by using various data mining algorithms PIMA INDIAN DIABETES dataset has become a standard to gain better result by those algorithms. In this work, five data mining algorithm has been used where support vector machine algorithm gives higher accuracy compared to others. After finding feature importance value for each of the attribute principal component analysis technique is used for feature selection. Those we obtained the highest accuracy and fl-score in SVM which is 87% amongst all the techniques.


In Sommers, ruling on both parties' motions for partial summary judgment, the Tax Court dealt with claims of issue preclusion and collateral estoppel, equitable apportionment, the completion of gifts of limited liability company interests, and retained powers that would cause estate tax inclusion. Two aspects of Sommers held particular interest for me. The first is that the parties appear to be arguing their opponent's conventional position. The second is that the court grappled with whether the blanks left in the gift documents were immaterial to gift completion; however, the court did not address whether the decedent's completed gifts qualified for the annual exclusion or whether their value was unascertainable at the time of the gifts for any donee to obtain immediate use or possession of the transferred property.


Abstract Stocks of anadromous striped bass Morone saxatilis of the Atlantic coast have supported important fisheries since colonial times. Commercial landings reached a record high in 1973, then declined by almost 90% during the following decade. Juvenile production by the Chesapeake Bay stock, a major contributor to coastal fisheries, was depressed during the 1970s. These patterns prompted efforts to identify why striped bass had declined and to rebuild the Chesapeake Bay stock. We review the history of the striped bass decline and the science, management, and legislation that led to its recovery. Historical data and modeling results indicated that recruitment overfishing was a major factor in the decline. Juvenile production may have been further depressed by water quality problems that reduced survival of early life stages. Mathematical models demonstrated that reducing fishing mortality would immediately increase population growth rate, regardless of the decline's cause. An Interstate Fishery Manageme...


Sustainable development represents an equitable development model for which the main concern is achieving a balance between economic growth and raising the quality of life through the use of natural resources within the planet's tolerable limits. The sustainable development of community spaces is in the pursuit of preserving the right to access resources for future generations through their equitable use, keeping the excavation rate lower than the regeneration rate for renewable resources, and the excavation rate of non-renewable resources not exceeding their substitution rate. On the other hand, regional development implies the diversification of economic activities by supporting investments in the private sector with the purpose of lowering the unemployment rate towards increasing quality of life using different measures in field like: developing the small and medium-sized enterprises sector, the transfer of knowledge and education, rural development, quality of the surrounding environment, health and infrastructure. The regional development policy encourages the stimulation of a balanced growth of our territory by lowering the existing imbalance between regions at the current moment and by reducing the possibility for it to appear. Furthermore, the regional and rural growth of Romania in the context of sustainable development is a short term process. Due to the specificity of Romanian agriculture, predominantly subsistence farming, the inadequate structure and main factor that limits agricultural competitive growth, it implies a closer look over the social sector. Therefore, two major action plans are asserted, firstly developing connective activities in the rural space and the integration into the labour market of the people engaged into agriculture, and secondly the growth of agribusinesses by supporting measures that target the creation of associations towards increasing the efficiency of Romanian agriculture.


Implant ology has become a choice for replacement of missing teeth. Replacements in the anterior zone where aesthetic concern are important were new aesthetic materials are being used. Traditionally Titanium which has been used for past three decades has limitations like hypersensitivity and lack of aesthetics. Zirconia is now being introduced as an aesthetic alternative for implant placement. This paper discusses the properties of zirconia and reviews studies done as an implant material.


We have carried out experimental investigations of the increased diffusion of a low-temperature plasma across the lines of force of a constant homogeneous magnetic field under conditions of high-frequency heating for a frequency approaching ion cyclotron frequency. The plasma was created in a glass tube by a pulse discharge with oscillating electrons in hydrogen at a pressure range of 5 × 10−4–5 × 10−2 torr. Initial plasma density exceeded 1.7 × 1013 cm−3. A high-frequency electric field with a frequency of 7.45 × 106 Hz and an axial period of 23 cm was excited in the plasma by an alternating current flowing along a spiral surrounding the discharge tube. The spiral and the capacitors connected to it formed an artificial line that was fed from the pulse generator with self-excitation. In the region of magnetic fields where there occurs a strong absorption of highfrequency energy by the plasma caused by ion cyclotron resonance time of plasma decay decreases sharply if the amplitude of the high-frequency current in the spiral exceeds some critical value depending on neutral gas pressure. Here ion diffusion across the magnetic field lines increases and chaotic oscillations arise in the plasma. It has been ascertained in experiments that for neutral gas pressures exceeding 10−2 torr the ratio between the critical current value and the pressure remains constant. On these grounds the assumption was made that anomalous diffusion arises when the ion drift velocity under the effect of an alternating azimuthal electric field exceeds a critical value. This is possibly associated with the appearance of "flute" instability. The possibility for flute instability to arise is apparently confirmed also by this fact: as is shown by evaluation, the velocity gained by the ion between two collisions in an azimuthal electric field for a current approaching a critical current equals in order of magnitude thermal ion velocity. We note that the investigated phenomenon of anomalous plasma diffusion in ion cyclotron resonance can be the reason for increased velocity of plasma decay in all devices in which the phenomenon of strong damping of an ion cyclotron wave in the region of ion cyclotron resonance is used for plasma heating and where considerable high-frequency powers are introduced into the plasma.


The aim of the study was to compare text telephone relay service and videophone relay service. The target group was people borne deaf. The following aspects were investigated: (1) socioeconomic cos ...


In three patients, systemic allergic reactions developed following inhalation of small amounts of penicillin. In one case, the cause was clinically not readily apparent, and intradermal testing led to a severe systemic reaction. Reagin titers confirmed the high degree of penicillin sensitivity.


We propose a dynamic auction mechanism for efficiently allocating multiple heterogeneous indivisible goods. These goods can be split into two
distinct sets so that items in each set are substitutes but complementary to
items in the other set. The seller has a reserve value for each bundle of goods
and is assumed to report her values truthfully. In each round of the auction,
the auctioneer announces the current prices for all items, bidders respond by
reporting their demands at these prices, and then the auctioneer adjusts simultaneously the prices of items in one set upwards but those of items in the other
downwards. We prove that although bidders are not assumed to be price-takers
and thus can strategically exercise their market power, this dynamic auction
always induces the bidders to bid truthfully as price-takers, yields an efficient
outcome and also has the merit of being a detail-free, transparent and privacy
preserving mechanism.


The X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectra produced by solar wind ions undergoing change transfer collisions with the atoms and molecules present in the atmospheres of comets are calculated. The calculations take account of the cascading transitions that follow electron capture into highly excited states. It is shown that sequential collisions cause the X-ray spectrum from the cometary center to be softer than that of the peripheral regions. Some of the brightest lines arise from forbidden transitions of helium-like oxygen and carbon ions. The X-ray luminosities and averaged spectra reflect the composition of the solar wind. The calculated luminosities and spectra corresponding to a typical distribution of impinging solar wind ions are consistent with observations of comets Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp. The spectral resolution required to establish charge transfer as the source of cometary X rays is discussed; an energy resolution of 10 eV should be adequate.


Morrison's four children's books feature the aesthetic of transgression. With a critical blindness to any racial issues, Morrison's book does not follow the conventions of children's literature: the format of binary opposition and a clear didactic message. In her books, rigid oppositions intersect and interact, so that conventional modes of theme and form are renewed. However, this carnival-like nature is not entirely compatible with the simplicity and concreteness necessary for the transmission of a simple and clear message, which many would say is a primary requirement for children's literature. This leads me to question who the implied reader actually is and why Morrison's used such narrative devices. In my opinion, these works are not so much for children as for adults. They are meant to restore the bricolage, which Claude Levi-Strauss defines as the capacity of the totemic reconciliation to equate the oppositions. With the aesthetic transgression, Morrison intends to restore the bricolage to equate nature with society, self with the other, and black with white. In this way, she makes a path to a harmonious relationship with the world and also leads her adult audience to the same experience in her children's literature.


Five phase transitions were observed in NaNbO3 ceramics on cooling by broadband (20 Hz-1 GHz) dielectric investigations in temperature range from 25 K to 1000 K. Despite that T1-T2 and S-T1 phase transitions are non polar, they are clearly expressed in dielectric properties of ceramics due the corresponding conductivity anomalies. At higher temperature (above 600 K) the electrical conductivity dominates in the dielectric spectra of ceramics. The electrical conductivity increases after annealing and have peculiarities close to T1-T2, S-T1, P-R phase transitions temperatures. Two dielectric dispersion processes, at low temperatures (in N phase below 120 K) with very low activation energy and freezing temperatures values, are assigned to domains dynamics.


Purpose This study is to investigate the risk prediction of severe or critical events of COVID-19 in older adults in China and provide the evidence to support the management of older adults with COVID-19. Materials and Methods The clinical data of older adults with COVID-19 admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during January 20, 2020 to March 16, 2020 were collected. The possible risk factors of severe or critical illness were investigated with Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression models for univariate and multivariate analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For the prediction indicators, optimum cut-off points were determined by calculating Youden's index. The efficacy of risk prediction of severe or critical illness was examined through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results A total of 110 older adults with COVID-19 were included, in which 21 (19.1%) patients had severe or critical illness of COVID-19. Multivariable regression analysis showed that CD4 cells and D-dimer were independent risk factors. D-dimer, CD4 cells, and CD cells/D-dimer ratio with cut-off values of 0.65 (mg/L), 268 (cell/µL) and 431 were in the prediction of severe or critical illness of older adults with COVID-19. The AUC value of D-dimer, CD4 cells, CD4 cells/D-dimer ratio, the tandem combination and the parallel combination to predict severe or critical illness of the older adults with COVID-19 were 0.703, 0.804, 0.794, 0.812 and 0.694, respectively. Conclusion D-dimer and CD4 cells either by themselves or in combination have demonstrated predictive value in risk stratification as well as established the prognosis of severe or critical illness in older adults with COVID-19.


This work consists of developing composite materials with enhanced thermal properties, especially over the transverse (through thickness) direction. New carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is then developed by using two methods: The first one consists of doping the polymer matrix with conductive micro particles and the second one consists of using PITCHbased carbon fiber woven fabrics. The results will be discussed on the mechanical and thermal behavior of these materials. The use of PITCH-based woven fabric enables to improve the conductivity, particularly when the 3D effect of geometry is much stronger. Finite element simulations of thermal conductivity of such structures are also carried out.


FORWARD High performance computing is becoming central for empowering scientic progress in the most fundamental research in various science and engineering, as well as societal domains. It is remarkable to observe that the recent rapid advancement in the today?s and future computing and software environments provide both challenges and opportunities for cyberinfrastructure facilitators, trainers, and educators to develop, deliver, support, and prepare a diverse community of students and professionals for careers that utilize high performance computing to advance discovery. This special issue focuses on original research papers submitted to the First Workshop on HPC Education and Training for Emerging Technologies (HETET19), which was held in conjunction with ISC19 conference in Frankfurt, Germany, June 20, 2019 the Second Workshop on Strategies for Enhancing HPC Education and Training (SEHET19), which was held in conjunction with PEARC19 conference in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., July 29, 2019, and the Sixth SC Workshop on Best Practices for HPC Training and Education (BPHTE19), which was held in conjunction with SC19 conference in Denver, Colorado, U.S.A., November 17, 2019. This special issue begins with an article by Holcomb et al that presents the lessons learned from the summer school and the internship program operated by University of Virginia in partnership with NASA from the year 2013 to 2018. The greatest challenge they found was to provide a good program for students with widely varying backgrounds, skills, and expectations. They accommodated the diversity by increasing hands-on exercises interspersed with lectures and by expanding their bank of programming exercises to span a range of abilities. The article by Goodhue describes the Northeast Cyberteam Program, a 3-year National Science Foundation (NSF) funded initiative to increase eective use of cyberinfrastructure by researchers and educators at small and mid-sized institutions in Northern New England (Maine, Massachusetts, NewHampshire, Vermont). The core of their strategy is to build a regional pool of research computing facilitators (RCFs) and a process to share them across institutional boundaries, augmented by knowledge sharing and self-service learning tools that increase the eectiveness of Research Computing Facilitators. They conclude by highlighting the program management portal and the impact of the program on the smaller institutions and its relevance to the potential facilitators.


This paper critically examines the influence of the structural elements of human behavior that are often neglected in social work literature (Robbins et al., 1998). It incorporates a new multi-theoretical framework that critically examines the significance of a network approach in analyzing social, ideological, and economic structures and their influence on individual actors. This paper discusses two interrelated theories: social network theory and social capital theory, and critiques their relevance in explaining human behavior for social work educators and professionals in an increasingly information-driven and electronically-interconnected
global society. The author hopes that an expanded theory base will provide a holistic view of individual problems stemming out of inequitable social structure.


Objective:To explore the impact of obstructive sleep apnea on heart function in patients with STsegment myocardial infarction after emergency PCI.Method:We collected 242 patients with ST-segment myocardial infarction after emergency PCI.Of 242 patients,71had obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),and 20 patients with serious OSA.Then we analyzed these group data of electrocardiogram after 30 min of PCI,peak value of myocardial enzyme,cardiac index(CI),ejection fraction and 6minutes walk test after 1 month of PCI.Result:The incidence of ST-segment resolution(STR)50% after 30 min of PCI was higher in OSA patients than in control patients(64.79% vs 51.46%,P0.05).The level of CI was lower in OSA patients than in control patients.Six minutes walk test show that the incidence of Severe heart failure(150m)higher in OSA patients than in control patients(19.72% vs 9.4%,P0.05).The level of CI was lower in serious OSA patients than in mild to moderate OSA patients.Conclusion:Obstructive sleep apnea may impair myocardial tissue and impact the heart function in patients with ST-segment myocardial infarction after emergency PCI.The more serious obstructive sleep apnea is,the deeper degree of influence is.


Mobile WiMAX aims to provide multimedia multicast/broadcast service (MBS) as well as elastic data service. However, supporting delay sensitive applications like video/audio streaming is still challenging, which requires both efficient handling of link bandwidth and reducing handover delays. To reduce the handover delay in MBS, the IEEE 802.16e standard defines an MBS zone, which is a group of base stations transmitting the same multicast packets. This delay reduction comes at the cost of the high MBS traffic load on Mobile WiMAX networks. In this paper, we propose a location management area (LMA)-based MBS handover, dealing with both the bandwidth usage and service disruption.We develop an analytical model to quantify the handover delay and wireless bandwidth usage. Numerical results reveal that the LMA-based handover scheme achieves bandwidth efficient multicast delivery with a slight increase of the average service disruption.


This article introduces the concept of imagination in Kant according to their function in the system of cognitive faculties and mind. Imagination acts schematization a priori categories of understanding. In its connection with sensible intuition produces the forms of representation: the scheme and the image as units of subjective formal expression. Imagination, in its spontaneity, is the foundation of a triple synthesis. Spontaneity is the basis of the link as synthetic unity of perception, and allows the synthesis of apprehension sensitivity is, necessarily, according to the synthesis of apperception is intellectual. Thus the imagination acts as the common root between sensitivity and understanding.


The continued success of the nuclear weapon design and test programs is a direct result of the effective hydrodynamic programs developed at Livermore. Hydrodynamic studies provide the weapon designer with experimental verification and analysis of weapon designs through the use of explosively driven, nonfissile materials. Hydrodiagnostic techniques include (1) flash radiography; (2) high-speed photography; (3) electrical-pin diagnostics; and (4) interferometry. The focus of all hydrodynamic testing at LLL is the Site 300 Explosive Test Area located 18 miles east of Livermore. This remote, 10-mi/sup 2/ facility consists of: (1) areas for machining and assembling explosives; (2) environmental test facilities; (3) administrative and support facilities; and (4) five underground, reinforced-concrete bunkers equipped with high-speed cameras, electrical data-acquisition systems, and electron accelerators for flash radiography. The report summarizes the improvements made in radiography, optics, electronics, and interferometry, and indicates the projects that remain to be completed.


An acrylic-headed prosthesis was removed after 30 years and analyzed for material deterioration. Although the acrylic head showed some wear and minor corrosion of the cobalt-chromium stem was found, tissue responses were not significant, indicating that use of these materials is consistent with the long-time survival of a prosthesis.


Fluoride is an electronegative element present naturally in the earth's crust as well as rocks and minerals. Exposure to fluoride contaminated drinking water beyond the recommended level for longer duration causes fluorosis, which may lead to serious health hazards. Present case study has been undertaken for the determination of fluoride in drinking water of 19 blocks of Birbhum district and the preparation of block wise fluoride map. This work focuses on adverse effects of fluorosis on human being and the related morphological symptoms. In these areas, villagers have been found to be suffering from dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. Different kinds of fluorosis correlated with the fluoride concentration of drinking water in that area. The correlation between different kinds of fluorosis in different age groups of the population has also been highlighted.


The fuzzy theory is applied to evaluate the input /output decision in university science and technology( ST) research. A comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model is established based on data of China statistics yearbook on science and technology,and the scientific input /output data of universities in China's 31 provinces of 2010 are used for model verification analysis. The scientific output in university ST research is used as an indicator for decision making of scientific input,and the membership grade is then calculated and sorted. The results show that the membership grade is high in regions with high scientific input of RD fund and talent,where the decision making of scientific input is relatively optimal. In regions with low membership grade,the low scientific input of RD fund is the main reason of its low level in scientific development.


With the advent of the liberalization of the electricity sector new markets have emerged, including markets for network ancillary services. Large electricity consumers' interest in participating in these markets is growing as they see an opportunity to make profits by selling flexibility of consumption. Time margins for shifting part of the scheduled consumption often exist, and they can be used to provide said flexibility. But if the schedule is not designed to support these shifts, delaying the execution of a job may cause infeasibility problems (e.g. related to safety constraints). In this paper, the problem of calculating flexible schedules is tackled with a robust optimization based approach. For this purpose a new explicit robust counterpart is developed. The proposed method is also demonstrated with an example involving the scheduling of two cement milling machines.


1,4-Bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-butyne (1) and 2,3-bis(trimethylstannyl)-1,3-butadiene (2), versatile synthons for the 2,3-dianion of 1,3-butadiene, have been prepared from either 1,4-dich1oro-2-butyne or 2,3-dichloro- 1,3-butadiene by reaction with 2 equiv of (trimethylstannyl)lithium. At -78 o C, the kinetic product from either dichloro precursor is 1 which can be isomerized to 2. The monolithium species formed from 1 and 2 have been characterized by 13 C NMR. One equivalent of methyllithium added to 1 at -78 o C forms 2-lithio-1-(trimethylstannyl)-2,3-butadiene (5), while 2 forms 2-lithio-3-(trimethylstannyl)-1,3-butadiene (6)


The NSLS remains a viable and productive facility, as can be seen by the rich and diverse science produced in 2004. In one of these exciting research projects published in Nature, researchers detected a rare 'hole crystal' in a cuprate superconductor, which may provide insight into high-temperature superconductivity. In another Nature publication, the crystal structure of a segment of RNA was determined, opening a new window of knowledge into that crucial molecule. These are just a couple of the science highlights of 2004, and many others are displayed in the pages of this report. All told, more than 700 publications resulted from NSLS research this year, the facility hosted 2,299 users, and the number of experiments performed rose from 1,145 in 2003 to 1,374 nuclear indications that the NSLS continues to thrive. As the NSLS accelerator complex enters its third decade of operations, it continues to perform very well. For 2004, the overall reliability of the VUV-IR ring was excellent at 99 percent. The reliability of the x-ray ring was just shy of 92 percent, primarily due to the need to replace the injection septum vacuum chamber, which developed a leak during the middle of the year. The Operations Divisionmore » did a tremendous job of installing our spare chamber in minimal time, despite the complexity of the job and the inaccessibility of its location in the ring, as well as keeping downtime to a minimum throughout the rest of the year. In order to continue to meet the needs of users, several key beamline upgrades took place this year that will enrich our scientific programs, including upgrades to beamlines U12IR, X1A, X13A, and X21. We are very excited about two brand-new beamlines that were commissioned in 2004: X29 and X27A. X29 is the new mini-gap undulator beamline designed for macromolecular crystallography, and it will meet the growing demand of NSLS users who perform research in that area. The establishment of an x-ray microprobe at beamline X27A, optimized for the environmental science community, is also very important, as it will help to satisfy the large over subscription rate for this technique at the NSLS. Two other important upgrades that were initiated this past year are the replacement of the X25 wiggler with an undulator and the construction of the X9 undulator beamline for small-angle scattering, with an emphasis on nanoscience research. Another key activity that will benefit all users was the restoration of the x-ray ring lattice symmetry, which reduced the horizontal emittance and made the operational lattice more robust. Similarly, all users will benefit from the introduction of the PASS (Proposal Allocation Safety Scheduling) system this past year, which has greatly improved the process of proposal submission, review, allocation, and scheduling. This coming year we will work to add Rapid Access to the capabilities of PASS. Overall, the success of these and the many other projects that space does not permit listing is a testament to the dedication, hard work, and skill of the NSLS staff. Safety has always been an important issue at a large, complex scientific facility like the NSLS and in 2004 it received renewed attention. Safety is our highest priority and we spent a great deal of time reviewing and refining our safety practices and procedures. A new 'Safety Highlights' web page was created for safety news, and a large number of safety meetings and discussions were held. These reviews and meetings generated many ideas on how the NSLS might improve its safety practices, and we are committed to putting these in place and improving our already very good safety program. We had no lost-time accidents in 2004, which is a notable accomplishment. Our goal is to be best in class and I'm confident that by working together we can achieve that status. Several activities took place this past year to advance our proposal to replace the NSLS with a new National Synchrotron Light Source-II facility. These included a major workshop in support of the proposed facility in March, a mail review of our proposal outlinin« less


7 Past range and abundance Endemic to Tasmania. Originally thought widespread and locally common through most of eastern Tasmania to 1,000 m elevation, north to Launceston and west to central highlands, around Bothwell, Ouse R. and the Steppes, and on Flinders I. (Bulman et al., 1986). Recent modelling suggests always restricted to narrow strip along east coast, Tasman Peninsula and Flinders I., but particularly between St Helens and Southport (Brereton et al., 1997).


Even though both the rain measuring instruments, radar and radiometer onboard the TRMM observe the same rain scenes, they both are fundamentally different instruments. Radar is an active instrument and measures backscatter component from vertical rain structure; whereas radiometer is a passive instrument that obtains integrated observation of full depth of the cloud and rain structure. Further, their spatial resolutions on ground are different. Nevertheless, both the instruments are observing the same rain scene and retrieve three dimensional rainfall products. Hence it is only natural to seek answer to the question, what type of information about radiometric observations can be directly retrieved from radar observations. While there are several ways to answer this question, an informational theoretic approach using neural networks has been described in the present work to find if radiometer observations can be predicted from radar observations. A database of TMI brightness temperature and collocated TRMM vertical attenuation corrected reflectivity factor from the year 2012 was considered. The entire database is further classified according to surface type. Separate neural networks were trained for land and ocean and the results are presented.


In this paper we study properties of stochastic processes, consisting of weakly measurable functions, taking values in a Banach space. For a Banach– valued martingale of Pettis integrable functions, the weak Radon–Nikodym property is equivalent to the convergence in Pettis norm (see [8]). Without assuming this property we ask for which smaller class T of functionals f the a.s. convergence of fXn to fX for f ∈ T implies the convergence of Xn to X in Pettis norm. For Bochner integrable stochastic processes it was shown that T can be a total set (see [2] and [7]). In Section 3 we prove analogous results for Pettis – integrable martingales. In [6] convergence theorems for more general sequences are proved under the hypothesis that the range is relatively weakly compact or has the weak Radon-Nikodym property. Using decomposition theorems we obtain convergence results for stochastic processes taking values in a space which does not possess the weak Radon–Nikodym property (see Theorem 4 and Theorem 5). In the fourth section martingales of McShane integrable functions are considered. In particular it is proved that a closed martingale converges in the McShane seminorm (Proposition 1). For a Pettis integrable closed martingale the same is true if the range of the indefinite integral is norm relatively compact (see [8] Corollary 1). Also a convergence theorem for McShane integrable martingales is proved (see Theorem 7).


As early as the 1920's Marshall suggested that firms co-locate in cities to reduce the costs of moving goods, people, and ideas. These 'forces of agglomeration' have given rise, for example, to the high tech clusters of San Francisco and Boston, and the automobile cluster in Detroit. Yet, despite its importance for city planners and industrial policy-makers, until recently there has been little success in estimating the relative importance of each Marshallian channel to the location decisions of firms. Here we explore a burgeoning literature that aims to exploit the co-location patterns of industries in cities in order to disentangle the relationship between industry co-agglomeration and customer/supplier, labour and idea sharing. Building on previous approaches that focus on across- and between-industry estimates, we propose a network-based method to estimate the relative importance of each Marshallian channel at a meso scale. Specifically, we use a community detection technique to construct a hierarchical decomposition of the full set of industries into clusters based on co-agglomeration patterns, and show that these industry clusters exhibit distinct patterns in terms of their relative reliance on individual Marshallian channels.


The authors report both the status and developments in the Monte Carlo neutron-photon (MCNP) radiation transport computer code and two items of more general interest to computational physics: the accuracy of modern physics computer codes and the performance of scientific workstations. Benchmark studies indicate not only that MCNP is accurate but also that modern computer codes can give answers basically as accurate as the physics data that go into them. Even deep penetration problems can correct to within a factor of two after 10 to 25 mean free paths of penetration. Monte Carlo calculations, once thought to be too expensive to run routinely, can now be run effectively on desktop computers which compete with the supercomputers of yesteryear.<<ETX>>


Catchment models are by definition simplified representations of the real world system. This aggregation takes place in space and time and has several important consequences. First, there are no generally applicable rules to perform this aggregation, and the resulting model structure is usually a function of the modeller's hydrological understanding. Secondly, the model parameters cannot be measured directly in many cases, but have to be estimated. In this process, we usually assume that the parameters are constant in time and representative of inherent properties of the real system. This is particularly relevant when transferring parameters to ungauged catchments. The modeller's task is to find a model, i.e. a combination of model structure and parameter set(s), suitable for the anticipated modelling purpose, data and catchment characteristics. Traditionally, the modeller defines an objective function, i.e. some aggregated measure of the distance between simulated and observed system response, and minimizes (or maximizes, depending on definition) its value, a procedure usually called calibration. The aim is to match simulated and observed system behaviour. This is often followed by an application of the identified model to another part of the time series not used during calibration, to show that it can be applied generally. This is usually called the validation step. Many studies have shown that this type of approach is insufficient to test adequately the suitability of a model and that the scientific conclusions that can be drawn from such a procedure are very limited. A commonly found result is that several, often very different, parameter sets and even model structures are equally acceptable system representations in this context (e.g. Beven and Freer, 2001). Therefore, we seek to apply approaches to model evaluation that are more discriminative. There are at least three dimensions in which this evaluation should be performed (Figure 1): (1) performance; (2) uncertainty; and (3) 'realism'.


This contribution aims to study a phenomenon which has recently emerged in Catalan and which seems to contradict the foundations of referential cohesion. It is a phenomenon parallel to what in the Spanish linguistic tradition has been dubbed le-for-les, that is to say, the use of a singular dative clitic when doubling a plural indirect object, as in Li[sg.] he donat el llibre als nens[pl.] 'I have given the book to the kids'. I will show that this phenomenon, which is more and more present in Valencian varieties as well as in the Catalan spoken in the area of Barcelona, can be accounted for as an instance of depronominalization of the dative clitic pronoun, as a result of the generalization of dative clitic doubling which has occurred, precisely, in the mentioned varieties. As doubling becomes systematic, li looses its status of anaphoric pronoun and, deprived of any trace of agreement, it becomes just a grammatical marker in the verb, a sort of verbal affix whose sole function is to indicate the presence of a prominent argument in the sentence, the indirect object. I present a variety of factors that may create the conditions where such a verbal affix (the non-agreeing dative clitic) becomes necessary. Finally, I provide a formal analysis based on the assumption that doubling clitics are the realization of an applicative head, which is responsible of introducing the IO in the structure.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the emerging entrepreneurial practices and the underlying logic of family farms in two agrarian reform cooperatives in Morocco. These practices can be explained by the constant negotiation of multiple and sometimes even antagonistic logics (peasant, entrepreneurial, proletarian, capitalistic) within these farms in a context of rapid agrarian change and a juxtaposition of different farm types on the same territory. Five factors illustrate this emergence: (1) the access to credit, (2) the functioning of the farm (rotation of the crops, use of inputs, workforce), 3) the access to groundwater resources, (4) the marketing practices adopted by farmers and (5) the informational factors. The porosity of the peasant and entrepreneurial worlds is the main lesson we can draw from our study. There is a subtle process of hybridization between the peasant and entrepreneurial modes of farming, with a wide range of profiles, ranging from a pure 'peasant', to a pure 'entrepreneur' and in between the peasant-entrepreneur and the entrepreneur-peasant. If we only focus on the political discourse, the trend in the development of new modes of farming seems inescapable. Our study stresses the resistance of practices and logics of peasant modes of farming which can mix with a 'modern' vision of agriculture. However, the siren songs of entrepreneurship can lead to bankruptcy, an exit from agriculture, which could have a strong impact on the social cohesion of the Moroccan society, particularly in rural areas.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship of incisal point displacements in the mandibular retruded contact position (RCP) between the self-controlled retruded approach and bimanual manipulation method.

METHODS
Twelve healthy young volunteers were selected. The RCP was guided through the self-controlled retruded approach and bimanual manipulation method. The track of the incisal point was recorded, using the mandibular movement trace recording system. The movement direction of the incisal point in horizontal plane was observed. The distance between the incisal point of the RCP and intercuspal contact position (ICP) was measured.

RESULTS
Except one volunteer's incisal point movement direction of the RCP was oblique, others were straight toward posterior. The displacements of the incisal point from the ICP to RCP guided through self-controlled approach and bimanual manipulation method were (1.15 ± 0.64) mm, (0.98 ± 0.29) mm respectively. There was no statistical significance between the two methods (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The displacements of the incisal point from the ICP to RCP guided through self-controlled approach and bimanual manipulation method are approximately the same.


Throughout history, in all cultures, music has been an integral part of human life. Music researchers have found correlations between music making and some of the deepest workings of the human brain. But Ghana's education policy makers have failed to give music the requisite attention so as to make it attractive for students to choose it as a discipline. The writer intends to draw the attention of education policy makers to the fact that if the performing arts were considered serious school subjects with viable career options some children may opt for them while at the same time serving to preserve our rich culture. In this paper the writer will review relevant documentations that emphasize the importance of music, dance and drama and draw his conclusions based on what both professional and amateur musicians produce in terms of music, dance and drama in the education sector and the music and drama industry in general. It is hoped this paper will redirect educational planners to effect positive changes in the teaching and learning of the performing (creative) arts.


First and second-order reliability methods and the finite-element method are combined into a general methodology for reliability analysis of complex structures with uncertain characteristics and subjected to random loads. Application of the methodology to geometrically nonlinear, elastic 2D continua with random field properties and static loads is presented. The formulation employs newly derived analytical expressions for the response gradient of geometrically nonlinear continua. Example results for a plate with random field properties and geometry are presented, which illustrate the influence of correlation lengths on the plate reliability, and the sensitivities of the reliability with respect to various parameters.


An improved process for the preparation of tripeptide aldehydes of formula I: R & D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H.H2SO4 wherein: R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Phe is a phenylalanine group, Pro is a group L proline and Arg is a group L-arginine.


Two parties who discount the future negotiate on the partition of a pie of size one. Each party may in turn either make a concession to the other on what has not been conceded yet or call the arbitrator. In case of arbitration, each party endures a  ̄xed cost c, and what has not been conceded yet is shared equally between the two parties. The negotiation stops when either there is nothing left to be conceded or there is arbitration. The game is dominance solvable, and its solution has the following properties: 1) The equilibrium concessions are gradual and cannot exceed 4c, which results in delays; 2) The strategic behavior of the parties may involve \wars of attrition" because at some point each party is willing not to be the  ̄rst to concede.


Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with agranulocytosis induced by antithyroid drugs(ATD) and infection complication.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 36 ATD induced agranulocytosis inpatients complicated by infection in three affiliated hospitals of South China University.Results Among the 36 patients there were 27 induced by methimazole(MMI) and 9 induced by propylthiouracil(PTU),and the foci of the complicated infection were mainly in respiratory tract,followed by urinary tract,digestive tract,skin and soft tissue.Blood or secretions were cultured for 31 patients after admission,of which 24 specimens got pathogens,including 10 stains of G+ cocci,13 strains of G-bacillus and 3 strains of fungal(2 with mixed infection).Conclusion The ATD induced agranulocytosis patients are susceptible to secondary infections,with respiratory infection being the most common.The infections by G+ cocci and G-bacillus are similar,but the fungal infections are not rare.It is of important significance to confirm the pathogenic bacteria by culture the secretions or blood timely so as to guide rational application of antibiotics.


A case of lithiasis due to indwelling double J ureteral stent is described. Pathogenesis and possibilities of prevention are discussed.


A recent letter to Eos by AGU member Dan Baker (March 13, 1984, p. 98) suggested that a method of reducing the attendance at the Fall AGU meeting would be to move it from San Francisco to his namesake, namely Bakersfield. He cited as a precedent the probably reduced attendance at the (at that time) upcoming Spring Meeting to be held in Cincinnati. While neither of us is promoting cities with names similar to ours, nevertheless we both believe that the recent meeting held in Cincinnati was a great success, even with the reduced number of registrants. The arrangements in the Convention Center, as well as the proximity of the hotels to the convention center and the amenities in the hotels were all excellent, and easily matched or surpassed the facilities in any of the cities in which the major meetings have been held to this time. Furthermore, we would like to make a qualitative judgment that the number of attendees at the individual sessions were perhaps as large as in a Baltimore or Washington meeting. In those meetings the number of registrants may have been larger, but the number of attendees at the given session may have been smaller; a significant proportion of the attendees at any given time would likely be visiting the offices of their contract monitors. Admittedly, the Spring Meeting has been an ideal opportunity to both attend scientific sessions and to lobby for additional research support. However, such lobbying does not necessarily make for increased attendance at the scientific sessions.


The introduction of the SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) over the past decade has provided exciting new opportunities for the treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). The serotonin hypothesis, based on the preferential response of OCD to the serotonin reuptake inhibitor, clomipramine, paved the way for research into the efficacy of the SSRIs in the treatment of this disorder. Large, controlled, multicenter studies have found clomipramine and the SSRIs, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and paroxetine, to be effective and safe in the treatment of OCD. Meta‐analytic studies have reported that clomipramine is superior to the SSRIs; however, direct head‐to‐head comparisons suggest equal efficacy. As SSRIs have a more favorable side‐effect profile they may be preferable as first‐line treatment of OCD. Improvement following adequate OCD drug treatment is frequently partial whereupon augmentation strategies may become necessary. High rates of relapse have been reported on discontinuation of SRI treatment. Long‐term maintenance treatment has been found to be effective in sustaining initial therapeutic gains and bringing about further improvement. Depression and Anxiety, Volume 8, Supplement 1:105–113, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objective
To explore the long-term OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the influencing factors in breast cancer patients.

Methods
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 2 423 breast cancer patients who underwent breast surgery in the Department of Breast Surgery, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2015 were enrolled for a retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare the 5-year OS and RFS among patients with different clinical stages, molecular subtypes and surgical methods. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors on the patient survival.

Results
In 2 423 cases of breast cancer, the median age was 48 years, the median follow-up time was 5.2 years (range: 3.5-18.7 years) and the follow-up rate was 85.3%(2 066/2 423). The 5-year and 10-year OS rate was 91.5% and 84.4% respectively, and the 5-year and 10-year RFS rate (except stage Ⅳ breast cancer) was 85.8% and 78.4% respectively. As for clinical stage, the operable breast cancer accounted for 81.0% (1 963/2 423), local advanced breast cancer 15.6%(378/2 423)and stage Ⅳ breast cancer 3.4%(82/2 423). The 5-year OS rate in stage 0, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ breast cancer was 100%, 98.5%, 93.8%, 78.1% and 50.8%, respectively, and the 5-year RFS rate (except stage Ⅳ breast cancer) was 98.5%, 95.4%, 87.0% and 63.0%, respectively. Clinical stage was significantly correlated with the 5-year OS and RFS rate of patients (χ2=356.067, 250.433, both P<0.001). As for molecular subtype, except 205 patients with unknown molecular type, the remaining 2 218 patients were divided into luminal, HER-2 overexpression and triple-negative subtypes according to the receptor status, accounting for 72.3%(1 604/2 218), 10.1%(225/2 218) and 17.5%(389/2 218), respectively. The 5-year OS rate of luminal, HER-2 overexpression and triple-negative subtypes was 93.1%, 88.3% and 84.4%, respectively, and the 5-year RFS rate (except stage Ⅳ breast cancer) were 87.7%, 84.8% and 76.7%, respectively. The 5-year OS and RFS rate presented a significant difference across three groups (χ2=24.124, 31.668, both P<0.001). As for surgical methods, the breast-conserving rate was 24.8% (600/2 423) in all patients. In stage Ⅰ breast cancer, the breast-conserving rate was 44.9%(309/688); the breast-conserving surgery group had a higher 5-year OS rate compared with mastectomy group (99.3% vs 98.4%, χ2=6.338, P=0.012); however the 5-year RFS rate showed no significant difference between two groups (96.7% vs 94.8%, χ2=2.245, P=0.134). In stage Ⅱ breast cancer, the breast-conserving rate was 21.1%(237/1 125), the 5-year OS rate in breast-conserving surgery group and mastectomy group was 97.2% and 92.7%, respectively and the 5-year RFS rate was 88.5% and 87.1%, respectively, indicating no significant difference between two groups (χ2=3.793, 1.425; P=0.051, 0.233). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that age, clinical stage and molecular subtype were correlated with the OS of breast cancer patients (HR=1.017, 95%CI: 1.004-1.029, P=0.019; HR=3.242, 95%CI: 2.763-3.803, P<0.001, HR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.066-1.357, P=0.003).

Conclusions
Age, clinical stage and molecular subtypes are prognostic factors for breast cancer. In stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ breast cancer, the efficacy of breast-conserving surgery is superior to or not worse than mastectomy.

Key words:
Breast neoplasms; Survival rate; Neoplasm recurrence, local; Breast conserving surgery


In this paper, we implement a Liquid Association calculator on an Altera Stratix V FPGA. Using data from high throughput microarrays, the hardware is capable of analyzing whether the presence of a third gene can affect the correlation between the existing two genes. The runtime and power consumption of our FPGA implementation is only 45.5% and 8.14%, respectively, of those required by the GPU version.


Nowadays the dynamic range of displays has been higher and higher, which means that contents can be recorded and displayed with more detail. However, the original low dynamic range contents were recorded in a lower dynamic range. Such contents will be unsatisfying compared to high dynamic range contents, especially in the saturated, or overexposed region. This paper proposes an algorithm to compensate such exposed regions, which is called automatic high dynamic range image hallucination for inverse tone mapping. Inverse tone-mapping is the process of creating a high dynamic range image from a single low dynamic range image. In this work, high dynamic range image hallucination is used as the key method to reproduce the information which is lost in the low dynamic range image capturing. Previous methods require user interaction as a hallucination criteria, and is not practical in some applications where user interaction is not available. In this paper, the hallucination is performed automatically with the assistance of luminance and texture decoupling process. This scheme produces visually satisfying results and has the potential to be applied to video inverse tone-mapping with its automatic property.


A few months ago, Dave Bonaguidi and I were at the gate of a fenced quarter‐section where we had to record a shallow seismic line. No animals were visible, so we felt fairly confident that we wouldn't be letting any out by keeping the gate open for about one hour while we moved our equipment in. Tracks and droppings made it evident, however, that both horses and cattle were on the property.


The serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) is abundantly expressed throughout the central nervous system, and involved in a variety of neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral processes. The development of a selective radioligand that will enable in vivo imaging and quantification of 5-HT2CR densities represents a significant technological advancement in understanding both the normal function and pathophysiology of the 5-HT2CR. Four 7-halogen-2-phenyl isoindolones (7-F, Cl, Br, I) were synthesized and displayed high affinities for 5-HT2CR and high selectivity over 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B. [11C]7-Chloro-2-[4-methoxy-3-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]isoindolin-1-one (6) and [11C]7-iodo-2-[4-methoxy-3-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]isoindolin-1-one (9) were synthesized in high radiochemical yield of 37–44% [n = 10, decay corrected from end of (11C)CH3I synthesis] with high radiochemical purity via O-methylation with [11C]CH3I, respectively. MicroPET imaging studies in male rats with or without 5-HT2C antagonist SB-242084 showed that [11C]6 and [11C]9 display specific bindings to 5-HT2CR in the choroid plexus and hippocampus. In vivo microPET brain imaging studies in rhesus monkeys demonstrated that [11C]6 and [11C]9 exhibit excellent blood-brain barrier penetration. The contrast of bindings to the choroid plexus and hippocampus compared to the cerebellum peaked at 2.7 and 1.6, respectively, for [11C]6, and 3.7 and 2.7, respectively, for [11C]9, which were reduced by administration of a dose of SB-242084. Our results support the candidacy of [11C]6 and [11C]9 for further study as radioligands for in vivo quantitation of 5-HT2C sites by PET.


We consider the problem of radiation therapy treatment planning for cancer patients. During radiation therapy, beams of radiation pass through a patient, killing both cancerous and normal cells. Thus, the radiation therapy must be carefully planned so that a clinically prescribed dose is delivered to targets containing cancerous cells, while nearby organs and tissues are spared. Currently, a technique called intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is considered to be the most effective radiation therapy for many forms of cancer. In IMRT, the patient is irradiated from several beams, each of which is decomposed into hundreds of small beamlets, the intensities of which can be controlled individually. In this paper, we consider the problem of designing a treatment plan for IMRT when the orientations of the beams are given. We propose a new model that has the potential to achieve most of the goals with respect to the quality of a treatment plan that have been considered to date. However, in contrast with established mixed-integer and nonlinear programming formulations, we do so while retaining linearity of the optimization problem, which substantially improves the tractability of the optimization problem. Furthermore, we discuss how several additional quality and practical aspects of the problem that have been ignored to date can be incorporated into our linear model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on clinical data.


Background: Hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is a multi-systemic, heterogenous, life-threatening disease. Patisiran resulted in significant improvement in neuropathy and QoL at 18-months compared to placebo, and was generally well-tolerated in the Phase 3 APOLLO study. Methods: Multi-center, OLE study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term patisiran dosing for ≤ 5 years in hATTR amyloidosis patients with polyneuropathy who have completed the APOLLO study (NCT02510261). Endpoints include safety, tolerability and long-term efficacy of patisiran. Measures of clinical benefit are the same endpoints used in APOLLO including changes in mNIS+7 composite neuropathy impairment score and QoL (Norfolk QoL-DN) Results: As of December 2017, 184 of 186 (99%) patients who completed APOLLO and 25 patients from the Ph 2 OLE study enrolled in the Global OLE study. Baseline data for 211(APOLLO/placebo, n=49; APOLLO/patisiran, n=137 and patisiran Ph 2 OLE, n=25) patients included: median age 61 years (26-84); 74% males; 46% V30M. Interim safety data and 12-month efficacy results will be presented. Conclusions: The global OLE study includes a diverse population of hATTR amyloidosis patients. Interim data will include the long-term safety and maintenance of effect in patients continuing on patisiran, as well as the impact of treatment with patisiran on patients previously treated with placebo.


Abstract Blueberry cuttings are difficult to root, so alternatives that maximize their rhizogenic potential are essential for the expansion of the crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the basal lesion and different methods of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of 'Woodard' herbaceous cuttings, collected in two seasons. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement, totaling 12 treatments and five replications. The factors consisted of different ways of IBA application (talc and alcohol in the concentration of 1,000 mg L-1, and without IBA), season of collection (autumn and summer), and two types of cuttings (with and without lesion in the basal portion). Two hundred days after the beginning of the experiment, there was no significant effect of the basal lesion on the rooting of the cuttings. However, it was found that rooting is influenced by the season of collection, with greater leaf retention, dry weight, number of roots per cutting, length of roots and length of the largest root collected in summer. The application of IBA talc provided a higher percentage of rooted cuttings (61.0%) in relation to alcohol (31.0%) and control (41.0%) when collected in the autumn. There was no difference between seasons when IBA was applied with talc, however, the application with alcohol solution and the control resulted in higher percentages of rooted cuttings in the summer (70.0% and 67.0%, respectively). Summer was considered the best season to collect 'Woodard' blueberry cuttings, although the IBA applied with talc has increased the percentage of rooted cuttings in the autumn. The basal lesion did not promote an increase in rooting.


The author studied the cytokinetics in the early postnatal histogenesis of mouse brain by autoradiography after repeated injections of tritiated thymidine.1. The cellular proliferation is especially remarkable in the external granular layer of the cerebellum and in the subependymal layer of the cerebrum. The proliferative activity of the cells in the external granular layer is the highest in the first postnatal week, then decreases rapidly with thinning of this layer and is lost within 20 days of age. The proliferative activity of the cells in the subependymal layer is remarkable for a week or two after birth followed by gradual decrease thereafter, but the cellular multiplication can be noticed even in the vestigial subependymal layer of adult mouse cerebrum.2. The external granular layer is divided from the functional point of view into two zones: outer zone composed of actively proliferating cells and inner zone consisting of cells which have lost the proliferative activity. The author named the former "germinal zone" and the latter "transitional zone".3. The generation time and duration of each phase in the mitotic cycle of the germinal cell in the external granular layer and of immature cell in the subependymal layer were calculated by the cumulative labeling method. The tG, t1, tS, t2 and tM of the germinal cells of the mice between 1 to 10 days of life were 15 to 29, 7 to 20, 5.6 to 8.0 and 1 to 2 hours and 0.4 to 0.7 hour, respectively and those of the immature cells in the subependymal layer of 1 and 3-day-old mice were 63 to 65, 52.6 to 54.6, 7 to 10 and 1 to 2 hours and 0.4 hour, respectively.4. Almost all of the transitional cells in the external granular layer migrate through the molecular layer into the internal granular layer to mature into granule cell neurons; and even after 10 days of age, about 48 to 49per cent of the cells in the internal granular layer are provided from the external granular layer.5. Many of immature cells in the subependymal layer migrate into the olfactory lobe. Besides the olfactory lobe, the corpus callosum, internal and external capsules and other fiber tracts depend on the subependymal layer for the abundant supply of cells. Some of the cells which have migrated into olfactory lobe differentiate into the granule cells, whereas the majority of the immature cells in the subependymal layer differentiate into the oligodendrocytes and the astrocytes.


The preliminary checklist of Chiribiquete flora has 549 species of vascular plants, which belong to 315 genera and 107 families. The families with the highest species number were: Rubiaceae (32), Melastomataceae (31), Orchidaceae (25) and Bromeliaceae (24); there were 30% of the families represented by one species. The majar tloristic affinities of the Chiribiquete flora are with the Amazonregion and the Guayana central province. Eleven species (including ten new) are endemic to Chiribiquete and 167 are endemic to the Guayana region.


This paper proposes a passive replication mechanism which establishes complete location and replication independence of program modules. The proposed method is based on an object model and a reliable broadcast mechanism, where each object has an automatic checkpointing mechanism within itself. The automatic checkpointing mechanism frees users from the need to designate checkpoints in application objects.By the proposed mechanism, replication degree and execution mode of each object can be changed dynamically in accordance with the required reliability and responsibility, and also passive replication and active replication methods can be mixed. In addition, because checkpointing and failure detection are carried out by passive modules, extra operations for maintaining reliability can be removed from active modules.The proposed method is applied to a train traffic control system; its effectiveness and performance characteristics are also described.


This article is concerned with the parametric instability of circular plates elastically restrained against translation and rotation at concentric intermediate circles as well as along the periphery. The plate is subjected to a horizontal or tangential periodic radial load at the periphery. The instability regions of the plate both for the simple resonance and for the combination resonances of sum and difference types are determined analytically from the coupled Mathieu equations that are derived by applying the Galerkin method to the governing equations. The influences on the stability of the plate of the direction of periodic load and the stiffness of elastic supports are studied in detail for the plate with peripheral and one intermediate supports.