The invention discloses an intelligent slipper low-temperature distance measurement device and method. The device comprises a distance detection module, a temperature module, a power management module, a battery, a main control module, and a wireless transmission module. The distance detection module, the wireless transmission module and the temperature module are respectively connected with the main control module, and the main control module is used for the operation coordination of a whole system. The method employs four types of methods to improve the low-temperature ultrasonic ranging precision according to temperature difference, and comprises the steps: correcting a sound speed through temperature; adjusting a driving voltage of an ultrasonic probe; dynamically adjusting the number of transmitted pulses according to the temperature, and adjusting the threshold voltage of a receiving end. Through the adjustment of software and hardware circuits, the device and method improve the distance measurement precision of an intelligent slipper under low temperature, especially in a northern cold region, and plays an important role in preventing a train from escaping and guaranteeing the safety.


society kept together? and What do we hold as the basic fabric of society? Each essay in this volume portrays one aspect of the yellow fever epidemic, yet there are many essays. Is there one primary factor that drives all others? The reader is left to draw his or her own conclusions, and in this way, A Melancholy Scene ofDevastation becomes more than just an informative read about yellow fever in Philadelphia, but an interactive one, too.


The conjugate addition of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to β,γ-unsaturated α-keto-esters was studied using a series of chiral bifunctional organocatalysts. Takemoto's catalyst was found to be most efficient for this transformation. Excellent yields and good enantioselectivities were achieved for a variety of β,γ-unsaturated α-keto-esters and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. A bifunctional catalytic mechanism is proposed. The method provides a new asymmetric synthetic route for chiral courmarin derivatives.


She brings her father two egg-shaped stones and he keeps them in a cut glass bowl on his nightstand, geologic remnants of a memory about a two-year-old, wading along the water's edge, remembered by her because he has given it voice for so long, until the moment has been polished by its telling, by wave after wave that roll the words over in the sand, rounding them off. Years later, the father picks up the stones, to carry them back to her. He wades out, deeper this time, balancing one each on his palms, until he loses sight of the shoreline and he is alone in the open water.


In the article, studies of the surface roughness during grinding with an abrasive tool made of SHS materials were carried out. Studies have shown that the surface roughness when grinding with SHS KR wheels increases in proportion to the increase in the radius of rounding of the grain top, plunge feed and inversely proportional to the speed of rotation of the wheel and workpiece, as well as the hardness of the material being processed.


We formulate a generic three-dimensional higher-derivative superfield theory for self-interacting scalar superfield action. We consider the cases of real and complex scalar superfields. For these theories, we explicitly calculate the one-loop effective potential.


A new scoring system for the assessment of fetal neurological status, Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET), has been recently published in several journals. Test is based on prenatal assessment of fetal behavior by three- dimensional/fourdimensional (3D/4D) sonography. Assessment of fetal behavior gave a promising opportunity to understand the hidden function of the developmental pathway of the fetal central nervous system. This new test has been proposed by the Zagreb group based on the several years of research. In this review we present the most significant results of the Zagreb group which led to construction of KANET test, basic presumptions of the KANET, and our published results on KANET.


1 M.Tech (Structural Engineering) Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Devagiri, Haveri-581110, Karnataka, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Devagiri, Haveri-581110, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Current trends in construction industry demands taller and lighter structures, which are also more flexible and having quite low damping value. This increases failure possibilities and also problems from serviceability point of view. Now-a-days several techniques are available to minimize the vibration of the structure, out of the several techniques available for vibration control, concept of using TLD is a newer one. In the present work, the structure without and with tuned liquid damper buildings of G+10, G+20, and G+30 storey height structural models are considered. The vulnerability of without and with tuned liquid damper structures under various load conditions are studied and for the analysis seismic region 3 with different water depths are considered. Analysis is carried out for different heights to study the seismic behavior of structure without and with tuned liquid damper building analysis is for different heights to see what changes going to take place if the height of both structural systems varies. Therefore, the characteristics of the seismic behavior of both structural systems suggests the additional measures for guiding the conception and design of these structures in seismic regions and also to improve the performance of these structural systems under seismic loading.Present work provides a good source information on the parameters lateral displacement, storey drift, base shear. The analysis is carried out by E-Tabs software.


Recently, several papers on preventive maintenance (PM) have shown that segregation of PM's can be beneficial when it comes to improving factory performance. However, these were limited to either cases of equal PM segregation and/or without consideration of other factors and operating conditions such as incurred setup or the number of tools in the toolset. In this paper, we extend previous work in this area in two major respects. First, we consider the more realistic case of PM segregation into equal or unequal portions and second, we evaluate the impact of PM segregation under various operating conditions via simulation. Our simulation experiments provide insight and guidelines for practitioners in planning the PM activity such that the overall performance is improved.


The demographic change leads to an increase of older persons in all societies world-wide. Even healthy aging is accompanied by a variety of motivational, emotional, sensory, psychomotor, and cognitive changes (e.g., Grady, 2008; Salthouse, 1976; Schaie & Gribbin, 1975), which influence work ability and everyday life activities. Ageaccompanying cognitive changes are extremely different among the older population, resulting in very poor, equivalent, or even better performance as in younger persons. Such variability among the older population often result from compensatory mechanisms as activated by the ''good'' older performers (e.g., Getzmann, 2012). Cognitive abilities in elderly are influenced by multiple factors, such as genetics (e.g., Gajewski, Hengstler, Golka, Falkenstein, & Beste, 2013), education (Stern, 2012) lifestyle (Chan, Yan, & Payne, 2013; Getzmann, Falkenstein, & Gajewski, 2013) and work conditions (Gajewski, Wild-Wall, Schapkin, Erdmann, Freude, & Falkenstein, 2010; Marquie, Duarte, Bessi res, Dalm, Gentil, & Ruidavets, 2010). Age-related cognitive changes are not always seen in overt behavior, since older subjects very often initiate compensatory mechanisms (e.g., Zcllig & Eschen, 2009). Such mechanisms can exist on a macroscopic, usually conscious, level (e.g., in driving more slowly or avoiding difficult traffic situations) or on a microscopic, process-related and usually unconscious, level (e.g., by increasing attention or preparation). One way to elucidate age-related compensation mechanisms is the use of neuroscientific methods and techniques. Such methods can shed more light on the source(s) of age-related cognitive changes per se (e.g., Grady, 2008), or on compensation mechanisms at the process level (e.g., Alperin, Mott, Rentz, Holcomb, & Daffner, 2014; Wiegand, Tcllner, Dyrholm, M ller, Bundesen, & Finke, 2014; Wild-Wall, Hahn, & Falkenstein, 2011). In the field of human neurosciences, the main methods are electroencephalography (EEG), with the analysis of oscillatory activity in distinct frequency bands (e.g., Bornas et al., 2013; Gilmore & Fein, 2013; Knyazev, SlobodskojPlusnin, Yu, & Bocharov, 2012), coherence/correlation between locations (e.g., Blum, Lutz, & J ncke, 2007), and in particular event-related potentials (ERPs; e.g., Berti & W hr, 2012; Blom, Wiering, & Van der Lubbe, 2012; Boksem, Kostermans, Tops, & De Cremer, 2012, Sulykos, Kecsk s-Kov cs, & Czigler, 2013; Wronka & Walentowska, 2014), structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; e.g., Eyler, Sherzai, Kaup, & Jeste, 2011; Fjell & Walhovd, 2010), and more recently near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS; e.g., Fabiani, Gordon, Maclin, Pearson, Brumback-Peltz, Low, McAuley, Sutton, Kramer, & Gratton, 2014). Finally, genetic methods are increasingly important and show the profound influence of genetic variations on cognition in elderly (Gajewski, Hengstler, Golka, Falkenstein, & Beste, 2013; Getzmann, Gajewski, Hengstler, Falkenstein, & Beste, 2013). All those methods have been used in addition to behavioral and neuropsychological methods. Because of their miniature technical equipment and minimum intrusivity, EEG/ERP methods are particularly useful in applied research, such as in exposure chambers (Juran, van Thriel, Kleinbeck, Sch per, Falkenstein, Iregren, & Johanson, 2013), in driving simulators (Kostermans, Spijkerman, Engels, Bekkering, & de Bruijn, 2013), or in clinical research (e.g., Carozzo, Martinoli, & Sannita, 2014). While all those methods have their pros and cons, electroencephalography, and event-related potentials are particularly suitable for elderly and old participants. In comparison to the heavy and somehow threatening character of the fMRI method for elderly, EEG electrodes and caps are only minimum intrusive and hence well tolerated by elderly. The disadvantage of the EEG method, its relatively poor spatial resolution, can be overcome by the use of sophisticated source analysis methods (e.g., Debener, Hine, Bleeck, & Eyles, 2008). Despite the clear advantage of the EEG/ERP method it has been less used in aging research than the fMRI method. However, there is a slowly rising world-wide tendency to recognize the potential of the method in aging research (e.g., Bender, Bluschke, Dippel, Rupp, Weisbrod, & Thomas, 2014; Getzmann, 2012; Kopp,


Late Mesozoic deposits in East Asia are mainly of continental origin and contain an abundance of conchostracans, whose rapid evolution and radiation makes them biostratigraphically useful in subdividing and classifying non‐marine strata in the region. In this paper we discuss the evolution and radiation of conchostracan faunas during the late Mesozoic in East Asia. Pseudograpta, known from Callovian deposits in north‐west Scotland, migrated to and flourished in East Asia during the early Oxfordian (Tuchengzian: early Late Jurassic), where it not only diversified into about eight species, but also led to the evolution of Monilestheria and Nestoria by adding a row of tubercles on growth lines and losing the very fine radial lirae on growth bands near the venter of carapaces, respectively. Nestoria reached the acme of its development during the Kimmeridgian (Dabeigouan: mid Late Jurassic), forming a major component of the Nestoria‐Keratestheria fauna. By the beginning of the Yixianian (Tithonian or early Cretaceous: correlation with the standard geological time scale is controversial), an Eosestheria fauna began to flourish, occupying Transbaikalia in Russia, south Mongolia, and north and north‐east China in the ancient Amur River drainage system. By the Early Cretaceous Eosestheria and Diestheria, two dominant genera of the Eosestheria fauna, evolved into Yanjiestheria and Neodiestheria respectively, through a reduction in the size of the reticulation of the carapace and an increase in the density of the radial lirae. The Yanjiestheria fauna flourished. Consisting of some 100 species in 16 genera, its distribution expanded westwards to the Junggar Basin and eastwards to coastal regions of south‐east China, and to Japan. During the Cenomanian a homogeneous Nemestheria fauna was widely distributed in East Asia. Soon after, however, this evolved into four faunas within three palaeogeographic provinces: a Euestherites fauna in the ancient Amur River‐Songhua Lake drainage system in north‐east China; Linhaiella and Tenuestheria faunas in the Yunmeng Lake system in south‐east China; and an Aglestheria fauna in the palaeo‐lakes of south‐west China. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


"Smart contracts" are technologies that facilitate the generation and transfer of blockchain-based crypto-assets. The unfortunate labeling of these technologies as "contracts" has spawned a plethora of legal theories, which are built on unsubstantiated technical claims, terminological misunderstandings as well as on a general disillusionment with traditional institutions. Concepts such as "validation" or "self-enforcement," both of which constitute permanent fixtures of the "smart contract" narrative, seem to have hijacked common sense with promises of certainty and guaranteed performance to the point where a structured and logical argument is rendered difficult. It is necessary to clarify the meaning of the term and remind those who debate the legal enforceability and validity of "smart contracts" of the basic principles of contract law. In particular, it is necessary to recall that contract law is indifferent to the manner parties express their agreement.


Objective To evaluate the clinicai effect and safty of High Intensity Focused ultrasound(HIFU) for treating renal angiomyolipoma.Methods The 38 cases were multi-slice treated by FEP-BY02 type high-energy focal tumor therapy apparatus.Results Among the 38 cases,30(94.7%) achieved significant curative effect,6(5.26%) moderate curative effect,2 failed to responce in the treatment.No complication occurred during the process of treatment with HIFU in the 38 cases.After treatment 1-24 months,the renogra,renal function and urinalysis became normal.Conclusion HIFU is a reliable and effective method for the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma.


Annular plates are commonly used as structural elements in various engineering applications. In many engineering fields, especially those related with aerospace applications, structural systems are almost fully stressed to improve the structural factor and pay load fraction. Evaluation of the first axisymmetric frequency, which is an important design input, of structural elements in the stressed condition is a relatively complex task. In this paper, the applicability of a simple and effective design formula developed earlier by one of the authors with an assumption on the mode shapes of vibration and buckling, is studied with reference to an initially stressed moderately thick annular plate. The initial stress is due to a uniform compressive load at the outer edge of the annular plate. The values of the first axisymmetric frequency of the initially stressed moderately thick annular plates obtained by using the design formula, when compared with those obtained by the powerful and versatile finite element method, for different combinations of boundary conditions at the outer and inner edges, and different ratios of internal to external radii show the efficacy of the design formula.


Background:   Metformin has given quite encouraging results in a number of patients improving overall ova-rian health and inducing pregnancies. Objective:   The Purpose of this study was t o compare the effectiveness of combined treatment regimen Met-formin and Clomiphene citrate with Clomiphene cit-rate alone for ovulation induction. Methodology:   This randomized controlled trial was conducted over a period of 2 years from Jan. 2008 to  Jan 2010. This study includes prospective analysis of PCOS subjects, who were treated in Gynaecological unit II of Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore. Two hun-dred subjects were recruited and then divided rando-mly into two groups, A and B. Group A, included one hundred patients (50%) who were treated with clomi-phine citrate only while Group B, included one hun-dred patients who were treated with Metformin and clomiphine citrate both. The collected data was ente-red into SPSS version 17 and were analysed accordin-gly applying descriptive statistics e.g. mean, frequency and analytical e.g. t-test and Chi Square. Results:   Mean age at presentation of group-A was 26.52 ± 0.23 which when compared with that of gro-up – B 26.17 ± 0.25 did not differ statistically (P-Value = 0.306 – in significant). Similarly age at mena-rche of group A (CC) 12.82 ± 0.08 did not show statis-tical difference when compared with that of group – B (CC + met) 13.04 ± 0.11 (P-Value = 0.123 – insignifi-cant) or > 0.05. As for as duration of infertility was concerned it was 5.28 ± 0.27 yrs for group – A and 4.99 ± 0.20 years, for group – B. Overall, 125 (62.5%) women ovulated, out of which 46 (36.8%) were from Group – A while 79 (63.2) were from Group – B). Conclusion:   Metformin may be a therapeutic option for PCOS based on improvement in laboratory and clinical parameters. Our results also establish guide-lines for metformin treatment with special implication on non-obese patients. It should be recommended for being effective as well as ecnomical. Key words:   Polycystic ovary, Metformin and Clomi-phene citrate.


We establish a large deviation principle for the empirical spectral measure of a sample covariance matrix with sub-Gaussian entries, which extends Bordenave and Caputo's result for Wigner matrices having the same type of entries [7]. To this aim, we need to establish an asymptotic freeness result for rectangular free convolution, more precisely, we give a bound in the subordination formula for information-plus-noise matrices.


High integration density, low power and fastperformance are all critical parameters in designing of memory blocks. Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs)'s focusing on optimizing dynamic power concept of virtual source transistors is used for removing direct connection between VDD and GND. Also stacking effect can be reduced by switching off the stacktransistors when the memory is ideal and the leakage current using SVL techniques This paper discusses the evolution of 9t SRAM circuits in terms of low power consumption, The whole circuit verification is done on the Tanner tool, Schematic of the SRAM cell is designed on the S-Edit and net list simulation done by using T-spice and waveforms are analyzed through the W-edit.


Yoga is currently a popular form of exercise; however, little is known as to its impact within the context of a weight loss intervention. PURPOSE: To compare a behavioral weight loss program with a prescription of aerobic exercise only (AR) or yoga plus aerobic exercise (YOGA) on changes in muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness at 6 and 12 months. METHODS: Thirty-seven women (age=46.8±6.0 years; BMI=30.6±2.9 kg/m) were randomized to AR (n=19) or YOGA (n=18). Both groups received a reduced calorie diet. AR was prescribed aerobic exercise that progressed to 40 min/day, 5 days/wk. YOGA was prescribed the same dose of aerobic exercise plus yoga for 3 days/wk. Participants attended weekly intervention meetings for 6 months and then received monthly telephone contact for 6 months. Muscular endurance (1 minute sit-up test), flexibility (sit and reach test), body composition (bioelectrical impedance), weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (graded exercise test) were measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Chi-square analysis of retention rates revealed 94.7% YOGA vs. 72.2% AR (p=.063) at month 6 and 94.7% YOGA vs. 61.1% AR (p=.013) at month 12. Analyses were conducted with baseline values carried forward for missing data and results are presented below.


Voluntary swimming speeds and respiration rates of a group of adult Atlantic menhaden (mean wet weight = 302 g) were measured before, during, and after a 7-hour feeding period, during which the diatom Ditylum brightwelli was made available at a constant rate. '!btal ration for the 12 fish ranged between 9.60 and 9<4.79 g dry weight. Temperature was 20D ±l C. In the absence offood, the routine swimming speeds and respiration rates of the menhaden were: mean ± 95% confidence limits = 12.2±1.6 cm per second (0,47±0.06 body lengths per second), and 0.10±0.009 mg 0,. per gram per hour. During feeding the fish increased their voluntary swimming speed 2,4to 3.5-fold, and their respiration rates 2.2to 5,4-fold above the routine rates, depending on the concentration ofplankton in the water. There was a linear relationship between loglO respiration rate and mean swimming speed during the feeding and the postfeeding periods. During feeding, the metabolic cost per increment in swimming speed was about 2.5 times higher than the cost ofswimming in other species; this is believed to reflect a high energetic cost offilter feeding. There was an approximately hyperbolic relationship between the voluntary swimming speed of the Atlantic menhaden, and the phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration in the water. The swimming speed and respiration rate of the fish remained constant as long as the input ofphytoplankton into the tank continued at a constant rate. After feeding, the activity levels and respiration rates of the menhaden quickly returned to prefeeding routine rates.


A review of Captive Care and Medical Reference for the Rehabilitation of Insectivorous Bats, by Amanda Lollar and Barbara Schmidt-French. Mineral Wells, Texas, A Bat World Publication, 1998, 329 pp. $45.00, hardbound.


ABSTRACT: Although, serological studies for leptospirosis in iguanas have already been performed, there is no report in the Amazon region. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira sp. in free living Iguanas-verdes (Iguana iguana) of Mangal das Garças Park, metropolitan region of Belém, Pará, Northern region of Brazil. Twenty-nine blood samples of Iguana-verde (I. iguana) were collected from Mangal das Garças Park. For the serological diagnosis of Leptospira sp. it was employed microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with 25 live antigens of Leptospira sp. as antigens. It was observed that all samples were non-reactive, suggesting no exposure to the agent.


This paper focus on the waveform design of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) under the practical constraint of constant modulus (CM), aims to maximize the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of radar receiver output in the worst case by radiation nulls generation. Because of the CM constraint, the issue is nonconvex and NP-hard. We find that Limited-memory BFGS algorithm is suitable for solving the quadratic optimization problem and the CM constraint is equal to the feasible set on the complex circle manifold. Numerical results demonstrate that our method is superior to recent comparison methods.


Objective: To obtain and analysis the full-length cDNA of the NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase(NRDR)in rabbit liver.Methods: According to the partial sequences deposited in GenBank,the full-length cDNA was obtained using the techniques named rapid amplification of cDNA ends,and then,the sequence was analyzed bioinformatically.Results: The sequence was obtained and submitted to GenBank.The NRDR featured two conserved motifs of short chain dehydrogenase(SDR)family and possessed two initiation sites in the same reading frame.Conclusion: the accession number of NRDR full-length cDNA in GenBank is DQ229110,and the NRDR protein belongs to the SDR family.


Groundwater models commonly asswne that the subsurface is both homogenous and isotropic. Frequently, this is not the case. Discontinuous stratigraphic layers and scattered clay lenses are not always found in borehole data when reported from the field . This paper utilizes the finite element groundwater modeling code US3D, in order to study the effects of anisotropy on an Ethyl-Di-Brornide Plwne. Purpose and Objectives The prinlary objectives of this paper are to construct a model of an Ethyl Di-Brornide (EDB) plwne using the US3D code, to demonstrate the effects of anisotropy on the model, and to present these results in three-dimensions. The site in question has been modeled using other codes, therefore, existing model data is available and serves as an excellent testing ground for the development of the US3D Code. The stratigraphy ofthe model area and the wlderlying subsurface can not be tested at every point, therefore, the geology can never be completely known. The model simulations in this paper address the issue of discontinuous layers and random distribution of clay lenses . One aspect of this research effort is to evaluate the effect that small scale stratigraphy changes have on the model. Finally, the results of this model are directly analyzed in the three-dimensional visualization software G3D. G3D is a graphical user interface designed to facilitate model development, but is primarily used here to aid in the understanding of the complex threedimensional dynamics of the model .


A mild new method for the immobilization whole microbial cells has been developed. Cells were suspended in a solution of preformed, linear, water‐soluble Polyacrylamide chains, partially substituted with acylhydrazide groups. The Prepolymerized backbone polymer was crosslinked, in the presence of viable cells, by stoichiometric amounts of dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutardialdehyde, and period ate‐oxidized polyvinyl alcohol. The crosslinking reaction, carried out in cold, neutral physiological conditions resulted in cells entrapped in gels with physical properties similar to those of the common Polyacrylamide gels. However, cell damage generally caused by the acrylamide monomer was avoided. Resting Streptomyces clavuligerus cells, possessing a high capacity for antibiotic production, were entrapped according to this procedure. These immobilized cells produced cephalosporins continuously for 96 h with yields similar to those of free resting cells. The same cells, when immobilized by direct polymerization acrylamide monomers, yielded significantly lower amount of antibiotics.


Keeping a baby cool in a historic house made out of old growth lumber with restored wooden windows covered in storms and screens and surrounded by tall trees is better than using air conditioners to cool a new house that sits beside a heat island asphalt driveway. Classes would cover gardening, healthy cooking, rewiring a lamp, insulating, installing the most efficient home heating/cooling system, deciding where to put the electric vehicle recharging station, designing the best home bike parking, resewing clothing, glazing a window, selecting efficient street lighting, and planting and maintaining trees near the house for cooling. Students could study the tree root spread under a healthy lawn to see the value in turf grass versus decks, patios, and driveways.


A Distributed denial of service (DDOS) is an coordinated attack generated by multiple computer systems attack a target (i.e) a server, or other network resource and cause a Denial of service (DOS)attack for users. A Botnet is a network of computers under the control of a Bot master. Each individual device in a botnet is referred as a bot. The most common application of botnet includes DDOS attack, Data theft and email spam. In existing approaches there is a difficult in testing the algorithm over more datasets, in order to examine the impact on performance of the nature of the system under attack, and the different behaviors of users surfing on the network. In this paper, we propose a Botnet detection technique by using this technique we can able to handle more datasets as well as we can also identify the bots in the network.To do this a bot scanner is used to scan the incoming file of the normal user if the incoming file is a malicious file then the bot scanner blocks that file and trace the IP address in order to identify botnet in the network.


The developed software is a web application with open access and is aimed on forecasting of time series stored in database. We proposed approach of time series forecasting, combined ARIMA models with fuzzy techniques: three fuzzy time series models, fuzzy transformation (F-transform) and ACL-scale. Applications of a proposed web service have demonstrated efficiency in practical time series predictions with suitable accuracy. Keywords—time series; fuzzy time series; software; forecasting model


This paper reports on findings from a two-year funded research project exploring software literacy how it is understood, developed and applied in tertiary teaching-learning contexts and how this understanding serves new learning. The project has looked at MS PowerPoint (a widely used application) and software specific to two disciplines (Media Studies and Engineering). Data was collected through online student surveys and focus groups. Findings revealed that students tend to rely upon informal learning strategies when learning to use all software, and to demonstrate variations in their understanding of software affordances and their ability in applying software to their learning. However, in all cases they were generally not able to critique applications beyond a superficial level, suggesting a need for formal recognition of software literacy as a means to empower students to more critically engage with a variety of / forms of software.


An approach to automate detection of behavioral failures during system testing is described. A supervisor monitors the inputs and outputs of a system under test. It reports discrepancies between observed and specified behaviors as failures. Failures due to both design and implementation are detectable. The approach presented is able to tolerate legal behavioral alternatives arising out of specification non-determinism.


ABSTRACT Boron (B)-doped p+ polycrystalline-silicongermanium (poly-Si0.73Ge0.27) gate/AlNx/ Al2O3/AlNx/n-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors were fabricated in order to improve the blocking properties of B diffusion into the surface of an Al2O3 film and the Si substrate by using in-situ atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) AlNx. The AlNx/Al2O3/AlNx stack film exhibited slightly better B diffusion-blocking properties as a result of the AlNx layers in the top and bottom interface layers of the Al2O3 film. The B-doped poly-Si0.73Ge0.27 gate/AlNx/Al2O3/AlNx/n-Si MOS capacitors had a lower current density of 3.8 × 10−7A/cm2 at 1 V and a better reliability with an equivalent oxide thickness (Eot) of 2.45 nm due to the lower level of B penetration as a result of the AlNx and nitrogen incorporated interfacial silicon oxide (SiOxNy) layers and the enhanced thermal stability.


Blank holder structures play an important role in improving friction, heat transfer and material flow resistance in nonisothermal stamping. The blank holder structure in nonisothermal stamping for magnesium alloys is optimized by the level-set theory and Kriging models. A pseudo drawbead structure is proposed. A cross-shaped cup in NUMISHEET2011 is taken as a research object, and the corresponding thermal coupling model is established. The finite element model is verified by the relevant experimental data. Based on the one-step theory, the key area of the blank holder that affects the quality of the formed part is obtained and the area is re-discretized and processed. Partial node coordinates are used as design variables, and level-set values are used as objectives, so the Kriging model is established. Based on an initial level-set threshold, the pseudo drawbeads are designed. The level-set threshold, the temperature of the punch and the die are sampled by Latin hypercube, and the samples of the pseudo drawbeads are obtained. Based on the thermal coupling model in nonisothermal stamping, the finite element simulation is carried out to obtain the forming quality. The Kriging model between the level-set threshold and forming quality is established. By a particle swarm optimization algorithm, the Kriging model is optimized to obtain the optimal level-set threshold, so the pseudo drawbead is optimized. The nonisothermal * 国家自然科学基金(51005193)、四川省科技计划(2019YFG0313)和国家 大学生创新创业训练计划(201910613017)资助项目。20190905 收到初 稿,20200213 收到修改稿 月 2020 年 6 月 谢延敏等:基于水平集理论和 Kriging 模型的镁合金差温成形伪拉延筋设计及优化 93 forming simulation is carried out by the optimal pseudo drawbead. The research shows that the optimized pseudo drawbead can effectively improve the uniformity of the thinning rate in the formed part based on level-set theory and Kriging models. A useful guide for designing blank holders is provided by the method.


This discussion paper reflects upon the 100+ years of experience of the authors in delivering tertiary level education to engineering designers. It compares the teaching approach taken for professional engineers and engineering technologists and promotes the need for T-shaped designers. The merits of a project-led approach to engineering design is discussed and an outline for an inter-disciplinary Masters level programme is considered. The discussion combines the reflections of the authors with some of the latest research into design education.


Reduced-order stabilizing compensators are parameterized in terms of doubly coprime factorizations having state-space representations based on a minimal-order observer and its dual observer. A free parameter of the compensators is restricted within strictly proper stable rational functions. The order of the compensators is lower than that of Nett's by the number of outputs or inputs. >


If p is prime, Mp = 2P — 1 is called a Mersenne number. If ui = 4 and «<+1 = Mj+i — 2, then M" is prime if and only if uv-i m 0(mod Mp). This is called the Lucas test (see Lehmer [4]). The primes Mom , M mi, and Mu2W which are now the largest known primes, were discovered by Illiac II at the Digital Computer Laboratory of the University of Illinois. The computing times were 1 hour 23 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, and 2 hours 15 minutes respectively, and the calculations were checked by repetition. This brings to 23 the number of known Mersenne primes, namely for


This paper is focused on the production plastic parts. It is describing two technologies-injection moulding and additive technology. The production process of the metal mould for the new parts takes about ten weeks. It is necessary to make some reductions after the mould is produced. It is increasing the time which is necessary for the prototype of products. This time (from the initial design of mould to the prototype of product) can take about six months. Additive technologies can be used for decreasing this time and for cost reduction. Moulds produced by the additive technology are mostly special inserts which can be implemented in the universal design of mould. It is also possible to produce whole moulds from plastic material. These moulds can have integrated cooling channels. There are high demands on the material of the mould with respect to the thermal resistivity, toughness and surface quality. There are really often used SLA technologies, which are considering the High Temp Resin and Material Jetting Digital ABS. Other options used in the factories are Somos PerFORM and Digital ABS Plus. This paper deals with the possibility of usage of the HP Jet Fusion technology with the material PA12 GB for the production of mould inserts and it is evaluating this process and repeatability of process.


This study is aimed to investigate the effect of cobalt, as dopant, on the surface morphologies of nanostructured ZnO thin films. Four different cobalt-doped ZnO morphologies were prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal solution deposition, on 2 different substrates—clean glass (CG) and direct-current magnetron-sputtered (MS) ZnO glass. An inverse relationship between dopant concentration and grain size was obtained in morphologies obtained from the mixture of solution Zn(NO3)2 + HMT + Co(NO)3.6H2O. No specific relationship exists for those obtained from the mixture of solution Zn(NO3)2 + HMT + PEI + Co(NO)3.6H2O. In general, morphologies obtained from a mixture Zn(NO3)2 + HMT + Co(NO)3.6H2O and Zn(NO3)2 + HMT + PEI + Co(NO)3.6H2O, on MS and CG substrate, vary in grain size (both in length and diameter), crystal population, morphology, film thickness, and crystallinity on films grown on both MS and CG substrates. An increased volumetric size is observed with the increased concentration of cobalt. Lowering the pH—even by 1 magnitude—makes the MS template less effective at aligning the growth of ZnO crystals, giving a decreased crystal packing density.


Abstract There is a rich political science literature on the relationship between election administration and voter turnout but it is largely based on studies of U.S. elections. Innovations with election administration by the United Kingdom's New Labour government allow researchers to see whether U.S. findings travel. These short-term experiments and permanent reforms have been criticized for encouraging electoral fraud and undermining confidence in the democratic process (Wilks-Heeg, 2009); being led by motivations of party statecraft (James, 2010a); or being a false substitute for real democratic reform (Hay and Stoker, 2009: 226). There is much to these claims, and drawing lessons from the pilots is difficult because of poor experimental design. However, the innovations suggest that election administration can affect U.K. turnout. The effects of all-postal and individual registration appear to be particularly significant. Election administration is therefore an overlooked variable in non-U.S. literatur...


The classification of the device of overpass-proof was introduced,the ideal behavior was analysed,the values range of the braking deceleration was pointed out,the theory evidence for design and certification were provided.


Spoken language understanding (SLU) is a fundamental to service robot handling of natural language task requests. There are two main basic problems in SLU, namely, intent determination (ID) and slot filling (SF). The slot-gated recurrent neural network joint model for the two tasks has been proven to be superior to the single model, and has achieved the most advanced performance. However, in the context of task requests for home service robots, there exists a phenomenon that the information about a current word is strongly dependent on key verbs in the sentence, and it is difficult to capture this relation well with current methods. In this paper, we extract the key instructional verb containing greater core task information based on dependency parsing, and construct a feature that combines the key verb with its contextual information to solve this problem. To further improve the performance of the slot-gated model, we consider the strong relations between intent and slot. By introducing intent attention vectors into the slot attention vectors through the global-level gate and element-level gate, a novel dual slot-gated mechanism is proposed to explicitly model the complex relations between the results of the ID tasks and SF prediction tasks and optimize the global prediction results. Our experimental results on the ATIS dataset and an extended home service task (SRTR) dataset based on FrameNet show that the proposed method outperforms the most advanced methods in both tasks. Especially, for SRTR, the results of SF, ID, and sentence-level semantic frame-filling are improved by 1.7%, 1.1%, and 1.7%, respectively.


ABSTRACT Having been on the verge of falling off development practitioners and analysts' radar for nearly a decade, concerns about the ability to meet external obligations are rising, especially in those developing countries that benefited from debt relief in the past decade. This article reviews these issues by taking stock of some of the achievements of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) to date and by reflecting on the extent to which the 'new' debt-creating development finance flows – emerging lenders, international sovereign bonds, and public–private partnerships – may jeopardise debt sustainability and the results achieved so far.


Part 1 Theoretical studies of sex discrimination in the recruitment process: managing the labour market gender and the labour market controlling recruitment formalizing recruitment. Part 2 Empirical studies of sex discrimination in the recruitment process: managing to recruit rationalizing discrimination males for sales risking women. Conclusion: the vicious circles of job segregation.


An EST was performed on 33 patients with choledocholithiasis and a previous Billroth II gastrectomy according to an alternative technique, using a cannula as a cutting guide. This seems to be an easy and safe technique which may be used in cases in which the deep cannulation of the common bile duct is possible.


The Homodyne and Synchrodyne are systems of demodulation for amplitude-modulated signals; they use a local oscillator, synchronized in frequency to the carrier of the wanted signal, to modulate the received wave. Thus the wanted signal is obtained immediately as an audio output without further detection, and unwanted signals are left on carriers of the difference-frequency between their original carrier and that of the wanted signal. There is no detection of the unwanted signals since the whole signal path can be kept free of non-linearity. Unwanted signals can thus be completely rejected by a low-pass filter the audio output. The receiver consequently has the advantages of high quality combined with high selectivity, and is inherently a demodulator of precision. The principles can be extended to permit separation of signals whose sidebands overlap, and they also lead to improved detection of pulse signals in the ?coherent detector.? The history of the systems over the last 30 years is outlined in this paper. Although they are of great interest, they appear never to have had any commercial exploitation until recent application in colour television.


Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by a regional left ventricular wall motion abnormality in the absence of coronary artery disease, which results in transient "ballooning" of the apical segment. In the majority of cases, it is completely reversible; however, it has been associated with ventricular septal ruptures, systolic anterior motion, left ventricular outflow obstruction, and occasionally coronary artery disease. A 59-year-old female who had previous episodes of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in 2007 and 2008 in the absence of coronary artery disease (Figures 1A and 1B and Video S1A) was admitted with chest pain, lateral electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac troponin levels. A coronary angiogram revealed a 70% ostial left main lesion and a 50% lesion of the mid left circumflex artery (Figures 2A and 2B). Preoperative echocardiography revealed wall motion changes in the apical and basilar segments (Video S1B). She underwent an off-pump coronary artery bypass using the left internal mammary artery to bypass the left anterior descending artery and a saphenous vein to bypass an obtuse marginal branch. She tolerated the procedure well and had an uncomplicated postoperative course. A postoperative transthoracic echocardiogram revealed normal left ventricular function and no wall motion abnormalities (Video S2).


The Kings of Nepal & the Tharu of the Tarai (The Panjiar Collection of Fifty Royal Documents issued from 1726 to 1971) edited by Gisèle Krauskopff and Pamela Deuel Meyer (review and commentary by Tek Bahadur Shrestha, Gisèle Krauskopff, Kurt Meyer and Tej Panjiar). Second Volume of the three volume series A Tharu Trilogy. Los Angeles: rusca press / Kirtipur: Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, 2000. ISBN 0-9666742-3-5, facsimiles, 191 pp.


In recent years, there has been concern about collision accidents involving vehicles driving at nighttime. In order to prevent such accidents from occurring, it is necessary to develop tail lamps with high visibility. In our study, we examined how differences in tail lamp design affect visibility with a view to developing a tail lamp design that offers better visibility, thereby enhancing safety. Focusing on visibility in human face recognition, we conducted an impression-rating test and visual search task using rear shots of vehicles. The results revealed that a human's impression of a rear shot of a vehicle is structurally similar to their impression of a face, and that the tail lamp design affects search time.


Subclassifying atypical gynecologic Papanicolaou smears successfully stratifies patients for risk of a significant underlying lesion. Subclassifying atypical urine cytology specimens also may be of value.


Nowadays the internet is Janus-faced with several challenges. Verifying data integrity and authentication are essential security services in order to secure data transmission process. Maintaining the security of your computer, network and private/sensitive data against unauthorized access and a wide variety of security threats without compromising the efficiency of the network can be challenging. The existing scheme enhance the data integrity, authentication and privacy depending on encryption/decryption methods by combining PGP, SWiFi and HMAC Systems in WiFi network but the efficiency of the system is reduced due to the overheads like delay, load etc. encountered during transmission. This research proposed a security technique to reduce the security risk across networks using PGP, sWiFi and HMAC systems with an efficient adaptive ant colony optimization (AACO) algorithm with uniform mutation operator using self-adaptive approach. Here mutation operator is used for enhancing the algorithm escape from local optima. The algorithm converges to the optimal final solution, by gathering the most effective sub-solutions where the probability of delay, load, retransmission attempts is very low and throughput is high. The proposed scheme gives better results than existing scheme as presented in results. The proposed technique is very complex for attackers to decode, and it is applicable to client-server architecture. The proposed system is expected to present, protect, and enhance the data integrity, authentication and privacy. Also, it improves the performance of the system. From the current study it may be concluded that the proposed system is more efficient than that of existing scheme. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


This essay attempts to read the aesthetically and culturally unambitious verse to be found in the newly proliferating cheap illustrated humorous journals from the 1830s to the 1850s as a significant form of social history. This is not to say that diversionary or comic verse is necessary simple in its formulations, but rather to raise the larger question of how far commercially successful and relatively down-market poems and lyrics, many of them deriving from performances taking place elsewhere within popular culture, might offer access to an important strand of historical understanding. In order to give shape to this investigation the focus is on poems published in magazines in this period that discuss a single major historical topic, the "march of intellect," that set of socio-economic, cultural, and scientific changes that underpinned the transformations in the class structure and economic base of British society in the first half of the nineteenth century. (1) Central to these transformations was the democratization of print culture and the acknowledgement that mass literacy and access to the printed word was an inevitable consequence of, and a major force in structuring, the march of intellect. (2) A discussion of the ways in which a major socio-political phenomenon was evaluated and analyzed in the humorous verse published in periodical literature between 1820 and 1860 appears at first sight a relatively straightforward undertaking. The complexities and resonances of the terms used here--especially "humorous verse" and "periodical literature"--in relation to the print culture of the late Regency and early Victorian period, however, render the task anything but simple. The verses gathered here for discussion derive from a wide variety of print cultural sources--serialized song books, part issue collections of lyrics derived from the theater as well as publications more readily identifiable as periodicals--and thus expose the generic and formal instability that characterized the marketplace for comic literature in this period. They were consequently written in a variety of forms that were as likely to derive from the needs of the theatre or the concert room as the demands of a magazine editor. They were as likely to adopt the formal characteristics of a broadside ballad or a theatrical monologue as any more conventionally literary kind of poetry. Accordingly, it is important to begin by asking a number of fundamental questions that recognize the origins of these verses in print culture. An immediate difficulty is that of ascribing such lyrics to their appropriate cultural level, a question that cannot be addressed simply by recourse to an analysis of literary quality. Are we discussing poetry or verse, or lyrics, or songs, or even doggerel? In any case are the humorous songs and recitations that feed into periodical literature at this time, despite the often crudely produced and clumsily illustrated small scale publications they appear in, easily located as "down-market" productions aimed at vulgar though hardly culturally dispossessed readers? How far is the "popular" verse and doggerel that filled many a page in magazines aimed at middlebrow readers truly vernacular? How widely accessible was the framework of cultural allusions invoked by even the simplest poems? And, given that punning was a central mechanism for the activation of a humorous and satirical social vision in the Regency period, what levels of linguistic skills would a reader have needed to decode the verbal humor of the printed version of a song that had its origins and original performances in the supper rooms and penny gaffs of London? Recognition of the origins of periodical verse in songs and lyrics first written for the concert room or other occasions of male sociability raises another set of interpretative difficulties to do with performativity. How far can the tone of a song/poem originally offered to an audience by means of performance be read off from a printed text that has been separated out from its performative occasion? …


Problem:
The problem under consideration is the World Trade Organization's (WTO) agreement called Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and its impact on equal access to ess ...


Aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of V. sinaiticum were investigated for the presence of secondary metabolites and their in vitro activity against Trypanosoma congolence, the main causative agent of African animal trypanosomosis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia. The in vitro assay was carried out by monitoring test concentrations of 4, 2, 1, 0.4 and 0.2 mg/ml for cessation or reduction in motility of trypanosomes followed by monitoring for loss of infectivity to mice. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids and tannins. An appreciable in vitro activity was attained by the methanol extract of V. sinaiticum at 4 mg/ml concentration. In general, the results obtained suggest ethnopharmacological usefulness of the plant and necessitate further studies to be carried on isolated active substances from the plant.


Knowledge on tailings dams design is often derived from conventional earth- and rockfill dams mostly designed for relatively short service periods. Tailings dams often differ in structural design a ...


This paper addresses the robust transceiver optimization in multiple-input and multiple-output cognitive radio network, where primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) coexist in the same spectrum band. In the design of cognitive system, the performance degradation perceived by PU should be strictly restricted even with imperfect channel state information (CSI) at cognitive transmitter and receivers. Therefore, this work aims at minimizing the sum mean square error of secondary downlink network and strictly limiting the interference caused to PUs with imperfect channel knowledge. Two types of CSI error models are considered: the bounded model and the stochastic model. Since the original optimization problems are non-convex for the joint optimization, firstly it is decomposed into two subproblems to optimize the precoding and equalizers separately, then the iterative algorithms are proposed to solve the subproblems in an alternating way. The challenge is to design the efficiently solvable forms of these subproblems. For the bounded model, Schur complement lemma is utilized to convert the subproblems into convex optimization problems. For the stochastic model, the problem is formulated either according to the stochastic rule or derived for the analytical solutions. The effectiveness and robustness of proposed algorithms are evaluated by the numerical results.


Randomness extractors, which extract high quality (almost-uniform) random bits from biased random sources, are important objects both in theory and in practice. While there have been significant progress in obtaining near optimal constructions of randomness extractors in various settings, the computational complexity of randomness extractors is still much less studied. In particular, it is not clear whether randomness extractors with good parameters can be computed in several interesting complexity classes that are much weaker than P.
In this paper we study randomness extractors in the following two models of computation: (1) constant-depth circuits (AC0), and (2) the local computation model. Previous work in these models, such as [Vio05a], [GVW15] and [BG13], only achieve constructions with weak parameters. In this work we give explicit constructions of randomness extractors with much better parameters. As an application, we use our AC0 extractors to study pseudorandom generators in AC0, and show that we can construct both cryptographic pseudorandom generators (under reasonable computational assumptions) and unconditional pseudorandom generators for space bounded computation with very good parameters.
Our constructions combine several previous techniques in randomness extractors, as well as introduce new techniques to reduce or preserve the complexity of extractors, which may be of independent interest. These include (1) a general way to reduce the error of strong seeded extractors while preserving the AC0 property and small locality, and (2) a seeded randomness condenser with small locality.


Shaw's paper is focused on Aristotle's treatment of generation in Physics I and On Generation and Corruption. His idea is that these treatments are addressed to very different phenomena, which difference gives rise (in the one case) to a special problem (concerning the unity of living things) calling for a very special solution (the posit of an 'ontological desire' of matter for form). The thrust of my comments is that the phenomena in question (the generation of simple bodies, the generation of living things) are in the relevant respects very much alike. This means that the problem Shaw raises is even more radical than he supposes, and ditto (therefore) the idea appealed to in its solution.


Following the March 31, 2014 Judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the case Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), the Government of Japan voluntarily reviewed the JARPN II program in response to the Judgment. This paper describes adjustments made in JARPNII program in 2014-2016. The overall research objectives, area and methodology remains the same as those specified in the original JARPNII program. The voluntary review resulted in the reprioritization of research objectives as well as recalculation of sample sizes. The survey concentrated on the study of interactions between whales and fisheries in the coastal area and interactions among whale species in the offshore area, as well as a contribution to the management of whales. Sampling of sperm and common minke whales in the offshore component was suspended. Comparative studies for verifying the feasibility and practicability of non-lethal methods, including biopsy sampling and faeces collection, are being carried out from 2014 to 2016. 10 out of the total sample size of sei whales (100) were allocated to the non-lethal study. 25 out of the total sample size of Bryde's whales (50) were allocated to the non-lethal study. BACKGROUND The Judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the case Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening) was issued on March 31, 2014. While JARPNII was not the direct subject of the ICJ case, the Government of Japan voluntarily reviewed the JARPNII program in response to the Judgment. This decision was made because, as below, the Court expressed its expectation as to research permits under Article VIII of ICRW in general. "[it is] expected that Japan will take account of the reasoning and conclusions contained in this judgment as it evaluates the possibility of granting any future permits under Article VIII, paragraph 1, of the Convention" (paragraph 246). Following this expectation, the Government of Japan made a decision that it would initiate a new research program in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean in 2017 after the planned 2nd review of results derived from JARPNII in 2016. The new research program duly takes account of the reasoning and conclusions contained in the judgment with regards to JARPA II as well as advices and recommendations by the 2nd review. ICJ also indicated the necessity to conduct analysis of the feasibility of non-lethal methods that might contribute to reducing the scale of lethal sampling for future research. For that point to be addressed, the Government of Japan decided to carry out comparative studies on lethal and non-lethal methods in JARPNII during the remaining three years from 2014 to 2016 before designing the new research program. The comparative studies are to verify whether information derived from non-lethal methods could substitute those derived from samples and data collected by lethal methods. The new research program will reflect the results of the comparative studies. As the comparative studies on lethal and non-lethal methods are on-going, their results to be compiled from three years of the studies will be presented and reviewed after the research in 2016 is completed, possibly at the review workshop of the new research plan in 2017. However, preliminary results of the 2014 research is presented this time in the JARPNII review workshop. ADJUSTMENT IN THE RESEARCH DESIGN DURING THE PERIOD FROM 2014 TO 2016 Research objectives and purposes The main purpose of the adjustments is to conduct comparative studies on lethal and non-lethal research methods. In addition, the Government of Japan provides a more detailed and updated basis for setting sample sizes for lethal methods in response to the ICJ Judgment. Recalculation of sample sizes was necessary also for designing the comparative studies as explained below. In order to achieve the purpose of adjustment above, a priority was placed on one of the original research objectives of JARPNII, prey consumption and preference of cetaceans during 2014-2016. This was because scientific data from lethal


Norilsk copper-nickel ores sulphide contain up to half its composition pyrrhotite of different magnetic values. Ferroplatinum features detectable magnetization also. On this basis, research on Norilsk products recovery by magnetic methods is beyond question. With Norilsk patched ores tailings containing 0.14-0.17% nickel and 0.05-0.007 mm gain size, the magnetic product was produced by using usual separation in 1-3 kOe field with the following indices: outcrop 3-6%. nickel contents 0.67-0.89% and recovery 15-25%. High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) in the field of I kOe gives outcrop 8.3% (ordinary 3%), nickel contents 0.35%, recovery 19.4%; in field of 2 kOe when equal nickel contents 0.4% outcrop—14.5%—three times as high as ordinary (4.2%) and accordingly recovery is larger, HGMS is able to raise an outcrop and nickel recovery out of the tailings by a factor of two or more but the quality is lost. HGMS, in comparison with the usual one improves the separation indices by a factor of two on noble me...


From the Publisher:
In Cultivating Communities of Practice, Etienne Wenger, Richard McDermott, and William M. Snyder argue that while communities form naturally, organizations need to become more proactive and systematic about developing and integrating them into their strategy. This book provides practical models and methods for stewarding these communities to reach their full potential - without squelching the inner drive that makes them so valuable.


Unlike the classical deterministic digital circuit analysis, we consider the analysis of uncertain digital circuits defined as follows. Given a binary function of n uncertain input binary variables, we express the probability of this binary function in terms of the probabilities of the corresponding input binary variables. This in turn, allows us to estimate appropriate probabilistic measure of the output of a digital circuit with uncertain input parameters and answer typical questions that arise in stochastic optimization.


the classic who, what, when, where, why, and how? The six questions can be worked around the living, the dead, and their grave goods. Tom Holm, J. Diane Pearson, and Ben Chavis present a model of peoplehood as a more accurate and, most of all, a more functional definition that provides basic internally generated information as a core assumption to which any methodology can be applied. The term "peoplehood" is intended to include distinct languages, religions, land, and sacred history. The authors state that this concept meets the criteria of a disciplinary core assumption for American Indian studies. Joanne Barker's "IndianTM U.S.A." uses the Indian Arts and Crafts Act (IACA) of 1990 to get at the basic questions of who is an Indian, what is an Indian tribe, and how membership, affiliation, and nation are to be recognized, identified, and documented. She illustrates these questions with a discussion of the current dispute about the Black Seminole of Oklahoma. She also links the IACA to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990 through the repatriation of and the trade in human remains and grave goods. Here she makes the very important point that NAGPRA is not legally applicable to privately held land or privately owned collections. She has some final commentary on how indigenous cultural perspectives and practices can be used to develop politically responsible and historically 5


A solution-processable functional polyimide, P(BPPO)-PI, containing oxadiazole moieties (electron donors) and phthalimide moieties (electron acceptors) was synthesized. A switching device, based on a solution-cast thin film of P(BPPO)-PI sandwiched between an indium−tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrode and an Al top electrode, exhibits two accessible conductivity states and can be switched from the low-conductivity (OFF) state to the high-conductivity (ON) state when swept positively or negatively, with an ON/OFF current ratio on the order of 1 × 104. The device exhibits ON state "remanence", with the ON state retainable for a period of about 4 min after turning off the power. The ON state can be electrically sustained either by a refreshing voltage pulse of −1 V or by a continuous bias of −1 V. The "remanent" but volatile nature of the ON state and the ability to write, read, and sustain the electrical states with bias are characteristic features observed in a static random access memory (SRAM). The mechanis...


Objective By analyzing the characteristics of ultrasound images of thyroid nodules and pathological comparative analysis of the results to improve ultrasound diagnostic accuracy rate of thyroid nodules.Methods 256 cases of high-frequency ultrasound probe on the preoperative examination,surgical and pathological examination of the thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed.Results Pathology confirmed 144 cases of nodular goiter,nodular goiter and 24 cases of nodular adenoma,thyroid adenoma in 52 cases,26 cases of thyroid cancer.Preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of 73 cases of nodular goiter,71 cases misdiagnosed as adenoma.Adenoma in 26 cases,26 cases of a nature to be nodules.Thyroid carcinoma,15 cases misdiagnosed as adenoma in 8 cases,3 cases of misdiagnosis.Conclusion The high-frequency ultrasound to determine the nature of thyroid nodules have a higher value,but easy to mistakenly missed,especially in the smaller thyroid microcarcinoma easily missed.


It is widely believed that a very large number of word forms in
many languages are traceable to the outputs of morphological processes
which broadly include affixation, compounding and reduplication. In this
paper, we carry out a comparative analysis of agent noun formation rules in
French and in Yoruba using Lexeme-Base Morphology model. Our findings
show that while French employs suffixation and compounding, Yoruba
makes use of prefixation and reduplication. The study also reveals that both
languages demonstrate similar phonological, syntactic and semantic traits relating
to the agent noun production.


In this second paper are presented 16 species and one varietas of macromycetes collected in Manastur-wood (near Cluj-Napoca) and preserved in the author's herbarium. From these can be specially be mentioned those species thad are poisoning: Marasmius collinus , Panaeolus sphinctrinus var. minor and Clitocybe candicans .


Winter wheat landraces and modern Slovak cultivars were inoculated with the pathogen Fusarium culmorum Sacc. by spraying in May 2008, in plot experiments under natural conditions in Piesťany, Slovakia. The objective was to examine the responses of the tested genotypes to inoculation with F. culmorum and to determine changes in the β-D-glucan content in the kernels. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and the β-D-glucan and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents in the grains were determined using Megazyme and Ridascreen® Fast DON assay kits. Wheat landraces had lower AUDPC and FDK, and accumulated 67.4% less DON than modern cultivars. There were highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) between AUDPC and DON content, between FDK and DON, and between AUDPC and FDK. The correlation between β-D-glucan content and AUDPC was also significant (P < 0.05), but not correlations between β-D-glucan and other traits. The β-D-glucan content in the grain of wheat genotypes artifici...


The invention discloses a double-station punching machine with linear motors. The double-station punching machine comprises a machine tool and at least one punching station. The double-station punching machine is characterized in that the machine tool is provided with the at least two linear motors, stators of the two linear motors are located on the same straight line, and rotors of the linear motors are fixedly provided with hinged support sliding bases; each punching station is provided with a plunger chip sliding block, and the two plunger chip sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged with the axes of the stators as the symmetric axis; each plunger chip sliding block is provided with two toggle rods in a hinged mode, wherein the other ends of the two toggle rods are hinged to the hinged support sliding bases respectively. The double-station punching machine has an obvious force increasing effect and a symmetric structure, the machining efficiency is high through the two stations, and the working speed curve of a plunger chip can be designed through numerical control programming; when the punching process comes to a close, the speed of the plunger chip is appropriately reduced, the elastic deformation energy of a stress component is absorbed, and the punching noise can be greatly lowered to achieve the so called noiseless punching.


The development of the Work Locus of Control Scale (WLCS), a 16-item measure of generalized control beliefs in work settings, is described. Included is a discussion of item selection, norms, reliability and initial validation. Criterion-related validity is provided by correlations with other theoretically meaningful variables from six samples. The WLCS was found to correlate significantly with job satisfaction, intention of quitting, perceived influence at work, role stress and perceptions of supervisory style.


The etiology of this syndronwe is obscure. LTntil Schoemperlen put forward his suggestion of an allergy or hypersensitivity and himself used benadryl with more than encouraging results therapy was confined to nursing care, supportive measures, multiple transfusions and vitamins. His use of and success with benadryl would support the sensitivity theory and it would be interesting to discover if similar responses could be obtained in cases that appear to be directly and solely due to sulfonamide reaction or sensitivity, with lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. It is hard to believe that the mucous membrane and skin lesions are connected with the, respiratory disease unless as a sensitivity or toxic response to the pulmonary infection. In the mucosal respiratory syndrome it is possible that the respiratory disease noted is a mucous membrane sensitivity response of the tracheo-bronchial-alveolar system along with the skin and other mucous membranes to some common or general agent.


This paper discussed the composition of humic substance,properties and structure of humic acids during different decaying period by using incubation experiment of corn straw,green gram straw,pig manure and goat manure.The results showed that corn straw decomposing from 15 to 60 days,the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid was increased,the structure of humic acid tended to be complex;and from 60 to 210 days,the ratio was decreased,humic acid tended to simplify;after 210 days,the ratio was increased and humic acid tended to complex again.For green gram straw and goat manure,from 15 to 60 or 90 days,the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid was decreased,the condensation of humic acid became lower;after then,changes was on the contrary.During the whole decaying periods of pig manure,the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid was increased and humic acid became more and more complex.The formation of humic substance was an oxidation process and carboxyl was transformed by the oxidation of hydroxyl.


The electrochemical conditions for the direct electroplating of Ni–Fe Permalloy (19% Fe, 81% Ni) thin films onto Si(111) surfaces were determined. The film composition, structure, and magnetic properties were examined by various techniques involving Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements. The Permalloy films consisted of 10–50-nm-diam Ni/Fe nanocrystallites. It was found that the coercivity decreased with increased film thickness. Moderate annealing of the films below 200 °C released stress in the films and led to a decrease in coercivity. Interfacial diffusion occurred after the annealing of films above 300 °C. The Ni–Fe films exhibited bulk properties after the completion of electrodeposition of a buffer layer of thickness >20 nm; below this thickness, the films were discontinuous and consisted of separated clusters or islands on the Si surface.


Method for operating a sensor device and sensor device (1) comprising a substrate (2) having a main extension plane (100) and an oscillating structure (3) movable relative to the substrate (2). The sensor device (1) comprises drive elements (5) for generating a rotational oscillation (10) of the oscillating structure (3) about an oscillation axis (11) substantially perpendicular to the main plane of extension (100) and the sensor device (1) comprises first detecting elements (6) for detecting a first tilting movement (63) of the oscillating structure (6) about a first pivot axis (105) substantially parallel to the main extension plane (100). The sensor (1) device includes third detecting elements for detecting a rotational acceleration (18) combined with the oscillation of rotation (10) of the oscillating structure (3), this rotational acceleration taking place essentially around axis of oscillation (11).


The virulence of three isolates of Rhizoctonia cerealis Vander Hoeven from Jiangsu province to wheat varieties differed significantly.Obviously interactions between wheat varieties and the isolates were observed especially between two susceptible wheat varieties"Sumai 3","Ningmai 6" and two isolates R 7,R 46 .Many kinds of secondary metabolites of Rhizoctonia cerealis with high yield were produced in (potato+sucrose)liquid culture medium.The best condition for analyzing such secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography was made clear.There existed difference in the constitution of secondary metabolites among three isolates,especially in the yield of furoic acid and derivative of benzoic acid.The secondary metabolites of Rhizoctonia cerealis had certain bioactivities,which acted oppositely at high and low concentration.The electric conductivity of wheat tissue with secondary metabolites treated was the same as that without treatment,which proved that secondary metabolites might have no damage to cell membrane.


Pin tomato NO.1,a new tomato variety suitable for processing and eating raw,is developed by the excellent resource of tomato germ plasm B2000-8 introduced from Britain and the special material of tomato germ plasm 98-24.It possesses thick flesh,resistance to cracking and pressure,durable for storage and transportation and good processing characters.It contains 5.4% soluble solid and 92 mg/kg FW lycopene with 0.6 kg/cm2 fruit hardness and strong resistance.The yield per hectare reaches 67 500~75 000 kg.The planting requests seedling age of 55~60 days.Seedling transplanting in Taiyuan happened in May 10 th~20 th after the late frost.It is not appropriate to plant together with the Solanaceae vegetables such as pepper and eggplant.The watering and fertilization need equal attention and the dual-pruning should be adopted.


The Semantic Web (SW) is now made of billions of triples, which are available as Linked Open Data (LOD) or as RDF stores. The SPARQL query language provides a very expressive way to search and explore this wealth of semantic data. However, userfriendly interfaces are needed to bridge the gap between end-users and SW formalisms. Navigation-based interfaces and natural language interfaces require no or little training, but they cover a small fragment of SPARQL's expressivity. We propose SQUALL, a query and update language that provides the full expressiveness of SPARQL 1.1 through a exible controlled natural language (e.g., solution modiers through superlatives, relational algebra through coordinations, lters through comparatives). A comprehensive and modular denition is given as a Montague grammar, and an evaluation of naturalness is done on the QALD challenge. SQUALL is conceived as a component of natural language interfaces, to be combined with lexicons, guided input, and contextual disambiguation. It is available as a Web service that translates SQUALL sentences to SPARQL, and submits them to SPARQL endpoints (e.g., DBpedia), therefore ensuring SW compliance, and leveraging the eciency of SPARQL engines.


Inactivation of bacteriophage by pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment, one of the effective procedures for bacteria nonthermal inactivation, was studied. Model phage particles Escherichia coli bacteriophages M13mp18 and λ phage, were successfully inactivated by PEF treatment. The survival ratios of both bacteriophages decreased depending on the PEF treatment time when applied peak voltage was 5 or 7 kV, and the survival ratios after 12 min PEF treatment were 10−4 – 10−5. Electrophoresis analyses of biological molecules of inactivated λ phage detected no degradation of total protein and genomic DNA. These results suggested that the factor of phage inactivation by PEF treatment was not based on the degradation of protein or DNA, but on the destruction of phage particle structure. Sensitivity of E. coli phage to PEF treatment was compared with that of E. coli cell. Phage and MV1184 cell were treated with same condition PEF at 5 kV, respectively. After 12 min treatment, the survival ration of λ phage and MV1184 were 4.0 × 10−5 and 1.7 × 10−3, respectively. The survival ratio of phage was lower than that of MV1184. E. coli cell is more tolerant to inactivation with PEF treatment than coli phage.


The U.S. Census Bureau is responsible for producing generalized cartographic boundary files for all levels of U.S. census geography for internal use and for dissemination to the public via the Internet. The boundary files are generalized extracts from the TIGER geographic database and are designed for use in custom and commercial geographic information systems (GIS) and mapping software. The generalization approaches used for this process include simplification of shape, thinning of coordinates, and the elimination of small polygons. The U.S. Census Bureau is migrating TIGER data into a commercial database with an object-oriented data model. A revised and expanded approach for generalization is required to support a new geoprocessing environment. Several generalization issues require attention within the context of a persistent topological data structure. The first issue involves incorporating geographic change detection mechanisms for initiating generalization as features are edited in real time rather than or in addition to processing an entire file at once. Secondly, we need to explore the benefits of integrating multiple representations of a feature into the database structure with various levels of generalization. These multiple representations would then be available during map creation using integrated scale-dependent rendering. Lastly, the database should have the ability to retain a relationship of the generalized features back to the original detailed features. This paper will discuss how the U.S. Census Bureau envisions incorporating these additional generalization concepts as well as previously used generalization methods into our current model within a modernized objectoriented database structure.


The observational trends of extremely metal‐poor (EMP) stars reflect SN nucleosynthesis of Population III, or almost metal‐free stars. The observation of EMP stars can be reproduced by HNe, not by normal SNe. However, if the innermost neutron‐rich or proton‐rich matter is ejected, the abundance patterns of ejected matter are changed, and there is a possibility that normal SNe can also reproduce the observations of EMP stars. In this paper, we calculate nucleosynthesis with various Ye and entropy taking into account neutrino processes. We investigate whether normal SNe with this innermost matter can reproduce the observations of EMP stars. We find that neutron‐rich (Ye = 0.45–0.50) and proton‐rich (Ye = 0.51–0.55) matters can improve Zn and Co, but tend to overproduce other Fe‐peak elements. On the other hand, HNe can naturally reproduce the observations of EMP stars.


The synthesis of renin inhibitors containing a novel amino-analogue of statine is described and inhibitory potencies are compared with those of statine congeners; the crystal structure of the aminostatine derivative (6) is reported.


Physical simulation of optical fiber cladding defects and experimental investigation results are described in present paper. By these results it is confirmed that assumption about fiber light-guide cladding defects localization on short length of optical fiber by comparison polarization backscattering characteristic with sliding correlation test is correct. Samples of defects localization on less then 2 km optical fiber with less then 100 m error are represented.


Abstract : A standardized and clinically available method to estimate wound volume is needed to determine rate of pressure ulcer healing. This quasi- experimental study was conducted to compare two methods (Jeltrate mold and Kundin Scale) with a standardized, but relatively inaccessible method (planimetry). Twenty-five Stage III and IV pressure ulcers (among 16 patients) were measured. The Jeltrate method consisted of packing an alginate compound into the wound. Within two to five minutes the compound hardened and was easily extracted from the wound. Volume was calculated by weighing the mold and dividing by Jeltrate's density. The Kindin Scale is a ruler-like device that measured length, width, and depth at the extreme wound margins. Volume was calculated by applying these measures to a formula specific to this scale.


Social networks have become popular due to its photo sharing facilities. People are interested to explore contents that contain images. Since internet has become a part of life people are interested in uploading images in it. Hence with the exponentially growing photos, large-scale content-based face image retrieval is a facilitating technology for many emerging applications. In this paper, our aim is to utilize automatically detected human attributes which contain semantic cues of the face photos to improve content based face retrieval by constructing semantic cues for efficient image retrieval. This technique is coupled with relevance ranking technique to enhance the efficiency further. Two orthogonal methods named attribute-enhanced sparse coding and attribute embedded inverted indexing are proposed to improve the image retrieval in both offline and online stages. Relevance ranking when added with these methods show performance improvement to greater extent.


A new conservation material, hydroxy propyl cellulose, is tested. The special propeties of this material, being soluble in water as well as in polar organic solvents, are explained. Aging tests are carried out. A number of case-histories shows the multi-purpose properties of the material.


This study aims to determine the exchange rate of wetland rice farmers in New Tompaso District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for three months from September to November 2018. The data used were primary and secondary data. Primary data collection through direct interviews with 39 respondents of wetland rice farmers who were randomly determined. Interviews using a questionnaire prepared previously. Secondary data was collected from the Tompaso Baru District office in the form of a profile of research location, and from the internet through google searching in the form of journal articles that relevant to this research. Furthermore, the data is calculated using the formula for the exchange rate of lowland rice farmers. The results of the research that have been conducted show that the exchange rate of lowland rice farmers with an area of equal and less than 1 ha is 68.32, which means that rice farmers do not have other jobs, the farmers are unable to meet their family's daily needs. While the exchange rate of paddy rice farmers with a land area of more than 1 ha is 101.44, meaning that if the paddy farmers do not have other jobs, then the farmer is still able to meet the daily needs of his family. Thus to meet the daily needs of his family, for lowland rice farmers who only depend on the source of income from rice farming business, they must have a minimum is greater than 1 hectare of paddy field area.*eprm*


The origin of our research has been the intuition that, in spite of some dramatic calls of United Nations experts, the attention paid by science education research to the study of citizens' awareness of the state of the world and of the danger of an irreversible degradation of life in our Planet, has been very poor. Our work intends to clarify to what extent this essential issue in the education of future decision-making citizens is adequately dealt with in science education research. With this purpose, we have posed open questions to several hundreds of science teachers in training and in service about "problems and challenges that humanity has to face" and we have analysed the content of high school science textbooks (looking for any reference to the state of the world and its future). Results obtained explain why we refer to the state of the world as a missing dimension in science education. This dimension should be urgently incorporated if we want to answer the United Nations call to contribute to the Decade of Education for a Sustainable Future.


An analysis of the process of redistribution of power between the foreign affairs subjects and of the transformation of a nation state in the process of globalization of the political system is presented. The more economically developed countries display the tendency for strengthening their internal foundations, up to the application of authoritarianism in governance. Globalization not only leads to interdependency, interrelation, but also establishes new conditions for forming economic and political hierarchy at the level of states and regional economic alliances.


There're material culture,system culture,psychological culture and information culture in the culture construction of libraty.The core of library material culture is material variety and its movable balance.There's great significance in library system construction with library culture being symblise to reason.The library psychological culture consists of image,morality,professional spirit,occupational mission,values,etc.


Test adequacy mathematical models have to do by creating imitational model which describe essential happens processes and comparing characteristics theoretically compute by data are got by imitation experiment.


Small and Medium Scale Enterprises are the engine of economic growth. They have been accepted worldwide as instruments of economic growth and development. In developing nations, governments have made tremendous efforts and establish policy to enhance the capacity of small and medium enterprises.


The intravenous injection of acacia is followed by a decrease in the concentration of the serum proteins including fibrinogen, a diminution in the total circulating protein, 1 2 3 4 5 and alterations in the colloidal osmotic pressure. 7 The acacia is stored largely in the liver. 2 6 These results have been attributed to an interference with the proteogenic function of the liver. 2 Our experience has shown that diets containing 50 cc of codliver oil, 150 cc tomato juice, 200 g of meat, and 200 g of prepared dog food are adequate 8 and maintain blood proteins at a high level over a period of a year's time. When acacia solutions (12% acacia in 0.85% sodium chloride) approximating the plasma volume are injected, there is an immediate increase in blood volume (22 to 30%), a decrease in serum proteins (both albumin and globulin) and an increase in the acacia. The values for serum acacia plus protein equal the original value for serum protein. One and one-half hours after the injection the blood vessels of the viscera are engorged, ascitic fluid has accumulated and there is free bleeding from the incision. Of the injected acacia (125 g) the major part is in the muscles (54 g) and serum (48 g); lesser amounts in urine (9.0 g), ascitic fluid (7.18 g), liver (4.46 g) and kidneys (1.9 g). The large amount in the muscles is due to vascular dilatation, and the ascites to an "emergency weeping" into the peritoneal cavity. When an animal is repeatedly injected (Table I) with allowance for recovery, there is a repetition of the phenomena occurring after a single injection. Immediately after an injection there is also an increase in colloidal osmotic pressure with a return of it to normal later. The fall in pressure is paralleled by an increase in serum proteins and a decrease in serum acacia.


AT THE END OF 2006, TIME MAGAZINE announced its Person of the Year: You. The editors explained that instead of selecting a great person for this honor, they chose to view the world through a different lens. What they discovered was "a story about community and collaboration on a scale never seen before. It's about the cosmic compendium of knowledge Wikipedia and the million-channel people's network You Tube and the online metropolis MySpace. It's about the many wresting power from the few and helping one another for nothing and how that will not only change the world, but also change the way the world changes" (1). * Last July, this column focused on the arrival of Web 2.0 and its various software tools (2). Web 2.0 is not just the next version of web software. It is what TIME calls a revolution. It is, in fact, all about you. It is you who write a daily blog. It is you who have entered the world of FaceBook. It is you podcasting your lectures. It is you who have your classes add to the knowledge base on Wikipedia. It is you, as Grossman says in TIME, who are part of "a massive social experiment" (1). So, for my new year's resolutions, I have decided to create my own technology goals for participating in this social experiment and helping my students understand the positive, negative, and unintended consequences that this revolution can have on health care and nursing. Here are four of my resolutions for 2007: 1 I WILL ESTABLISH A SKYPE[TM] ACCOUNT AND BEGIN TO DIALOGUE WITH MY INTERNATIONAL COLLEAGUES AND STUDENTS. For the last year or so, colleagues have been urging me to get an account so that we can chat. I tried to install the software about a year ago but it did not work properly on my Macintosh computer. Recently, I bought a new Mac laptop with a built-in camera, so now I am ready to go. My greatest incentive for tackling the Skype installation happened this summer while I was traveling to an international conference in Korea. I went the conference armed with 1,000 minutes on my AT&T calling card, only to learn that one call to the United States equals 800 minutes. Like many Americans whose cell phones did not work, I spent a fortune making long-distance calls home while European colleagues were calling home on their Skype accounts. So what is Skype? According to Wikipedia, it is a peer-to-peer voice-over IP (VoIP) communications network, founded by entrepreneurs Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis and acquired by eBay[R] in October 2005. According to Wikipedia, "the Skype communications system is notable for its broad range of features, including free voice and video conferencing, and its ability to use peer-to-peer (decentralized) technology to overcome common firewall and NAT (Network address translation)." (See http://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype.) Skype uses downloadable software that works both in the PC and Mac world. Download the software from www.skype.com and watch a short video that serves as an introduction to the whole notion of using Skype to make free calls to other members. A host of other features can be configured for your Skype account. You can use SkypeOut, which allows you to use your computer to call any phone in the United States and in the world. As of January 31, the yearly rate for this service for unlimited calls within the US and Canada is $29.95. Requirements are a SkypeOut account and a headset with a microphone. SkypeIn allows you to have a regular phone number that friends and family can use to call you no matter where you physically may be. Suppose you are on sabbatical in Paris and want your friends and family in Denver to call you frequently. They will pay only for a call to Denver--not to France. You can also get Skype voicemail with this service. Skype has features for videoconferences, group audioconferences, group chats, public chats, and more, including Skypecasts that are live, moderated discussions with 100 different users. …


ABSTRACT The goal of this paper is to investigate how deregulating foreign equity ownership influences a firm's innovation investment. We attempt to answer this question using data from 530 Korean manufacturing firms between 1998 and 2003 through generalised estimating equations. Our findings suggest that foreign ownership and R&D investment exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship because the incentives to monitor managers' decision-making processes initially play a greater role, but this role stagnates as the share owned by foreign investors becomes concentrated. In addition, we consider firm heterogeneity and observe the negative moderation effects of firm age and the positive moderation effects of growth opportunity.


In the section 'Unity and Objectivity' of The Bounds of Sense , P.F. Strawson argues for the thesis that unity of consciousness requires experience of an objective world. My aim in this essay is to evaluate this claim. In the first and second parts of the essay, I explicate Strawson's thesis, reconstruct his argument, and identify the point at which the argument fails. Strawson's discussion nevertheless raises an important question: are there ways in which we must think of our experiences if we are to self-ascribe them? In the third part of the essay, I use Kant's remarks concerning the passivity of experience to suggest one answer to this question: in self-ascribing experiences, we must think of them as passive to their objects. This can be used to provide an alternative route from unity to objectivity.


The article summarizes the basics of in service teacher training designed to promote the necessary changes for inclusive education, understood as training for the performance of a new role and to collaborate with other teachers in their own professional development and improving the school. Focused on teacher training, describes three lines of action: a) collaboration with other teachers; b) school improvement; and c) community networking. In each of these lines examples are specified that allow better represent the performance.
Keywords: inclusive education, teacher training, school improvement, special educational needs.


Abstract The hyphomycete sooty mould Capnofrasera dendryphioides gen. et sp. nov. is based on specimens from New Zealand, Chile, Venezuela, Brazil, Canada (B.C.), and USA (Hawaii). Hyphae are superficial, cylindrical, and conidiophores are straight, robust, with irregularly alternate or opposite, primary and secondary branches bearing terminal and lateral mostly monoblastic conidiogenous cells, which may proliferate to produce successive conidiogenous cells. Conidium scars of proliferated conidiogenous cells may be torn and crescent‐shaped or occasionally entire and circular. Conidia are solitary, obclavate, brown, (1‐)2‐ to 5(‐12)‐septate, and 14.5–48.5(‐85) × 5–9 μm. Apiosporium rehmii and Dendryphion fumosum Woronichin & Budrina non (Corda) Fr. are discussed. Some tenuous evidence suggests that Capnofrasera dendryphioides may be an anamorph of Antennulariellaceae. The new genus is compared with Tomenticola, Paratomenticola, Sporidesmiopsis, and Capnodendron.


High-accuracy reentry guidance has become increasingly important for reentry capsule spacecraft. For example, in an advanced concept study of the Japanese manned reentry capsule, an attempt has been made to land the capsule on the Japanese mainland. For this purpose, the targeted reentry guidance accuracy is to within 1 km at the point of parachute deployment. To meet this high requirement, we have been developing accurate real-time prediction guidance using numerical integration for reentry spacecraft. This guidance method is an explicit guidance law using real-time numerical integration to predict the accurate range during reentry flight, which already includes IMU-GPS integrated navigation, on-orbit alignment by star tracker and measured wind information utilization for range prediction. However, reentry guidance error analyses we did using those guidance methods showed that we need to made more effort to meet the targeted reentry guidance accuracy of 1 km, particularly given the considerable residual alignment error of inertial navigation and unpredictable upper-level wind variation. Accordingly we added the IMUDM (Drag Measurement) integrated navigation and improved terminal reentry guidance to the accurate real-time prediction guidance using numerical integration for reentry spacecraft. This paper outlines the real-time prediction guidance using numerical integration (REPNI Guidance), describes the methods and performances of IMU-DM integrated navigation and improved terminal reentry guidance and shows guidance accuracy using those methods by guidance error analyses and Monte Carlo simulations.