Adaptation to high altitude has fascinated ornithologists for decades, but only a small proportion of high-altitude species have been studied. Among the leading researchers pushing this field forward is Kevin McCracken, whose lab at the University of Alaska has produced compelling evidence for molecular adaptation to high altitude in a number of species of Andean waterfowl. By sequencing the alpha and beta subunits of the major hemoglobin isoform, McCracken and his students have demonstrated that molecular adaptation to hypoxia has occurred in parallel fashion among multiple, evolutionarily distant waterfowl lineages.


The prose image has long been neglected by researchers. By surveying the change of images in the traditional Chinese literary theories and western literature, this paper aims to classify images into four categories—delicate or complicated images, symbolic images, reiterative images and submerged or amplified ones, putting forward several aesthetic norms to be observed in the creation of prose images.


An embodiment of the invention provides a frame loss method for a video frame and a video sending device, the frame loss number is reduced, the video playing fluency is improved and the user experience is improved. The concrete technical scheme comprises the following steps: obtaining a video frame sequence of a video to be sent; establishing the reference relationship among the video frames in the video frame sequence according to the preset standard; detecting the data occupied length of the cached video frame in a video sending buffer region during the sending process of the video frame sequence; discarding the video frame to be cached when the data occupied length is greater than the preset threshold, and discarding all video frames using the video frame to be cached at present as the reference frame according to the reference relationship in the video frame sequence. The frame loss method for the video frame and the video sending device are adopted for performing the frame loss treatment for the video frame.


The vierendeel sandwich plate is composed of cross vierendeel girder.This paper educed the conversion shear rigidity of vierendeel girder with simply supported ends,and disucssed the influence of shear deformation on the flexibility of vierendeel girder.The analysis proved that the deformation is mostly produced by whole bend internal force,so a simplified stiffness analysis method can be made on the vierendeel sandwich plate as on the multiribbed plate.Further,it educed two kinds of predigest bending stiffness of the vierendeel sandwich plate,and also investigated the static behavior of this structure.


Video streaming for heterogeneous types of devices, where nodes have different devices characteristics in terms of computational capacity and display, is usually handled by encoding the video with different qualities. This is not well suited for Peer-To-Peer (P2P) systems, as a single peer group can only share content of the same quality, thus limiting the peer group size and efficiency. To address this problem, several existing works propose the use of Multiple Descriptions Coding (MDC). The concept of this type of video codec is to split a video in a number of descriptions which can be used on their own, or aggregated to improve the global quality of the video. Unfortunately existing MDC codes are not flexible, as the video is split in a defined number of descriptions. In this paper, we focus on the practical feasibility of using a Fountain MDC code with properties similar to existing Fountain erasure codes, including the ability to create any number of descriptions when needed (on the fly). We perform simulations using selected pictures to assess the feasibility of using these codes, knowing that they should improve the availability of the video pieces in a P2P system and hence the video streaming quality. We observe that, although this idea seems promising, the evaluated benefits, demonstrated by the PSNR values, are limited when used in a real P2P video streaming system.


Purchasing decisions is selection of two or more alternative choices of consumers on purchase. Many factors can effect purchasing decisions, but in this study were analyzed through product quality, price, distribution and brand image. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of product quality, price, distribution and brand image on purchasing decision. The population used is the consumer who owns or purchases INK helmet brand in Semarang. The sample was consumers who have used or purchase of INK helmet brand in Semarang are 104 respondents. Type of data is primary data, method of data collection using questionnaires and analysis techniques used multiple regression. The results show that: 1). Product quality have positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. 2). Price have positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. 3). The distribution have positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. 4). Brand image have positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Keyword : Product Quality, Price, Distribution, Brand Image and Purchasing Decision Generated by SiAdin Systems ï¿1⁄2 PSI UDINUS 2016


In the era of globalization, many people who want a investment for profit. I n this case the investor always do a lot of consideration before making the investmen. F unction of this study is to analize the influence of D ebt to E quity R atio (DER) , Return on A sset (ROA) and Return on E quity (ROE) of stock Return in manufac turing company's in I ndonesian S tock E xchange (IDX) . P opulation in this study is all manufac turing companies listed o n theI ndonesian S tock Exchange (IDX) from 2010-2014 and the sample consist of 49 companies meet the criteria established by purposive sampling. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression. Result of this study showed that the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) is no significant effect on the company stock Returns Keywords : Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Stock Return.


In this article, I examine the autofictional narrative Whore by Quebec writer Nelly Arcan, demonstrating how the psychoanalytic confession of the "whore" narrator (whom we are tempted to confuse with the author) inserts itself into a project of women's genealogy. Following a symbolic death, the narrator gives birth to her story and succeeds in placing herself within the tradition of ecriture au feminin. She wishes to remember the women of past generations who have been subjected to male desire and silenced; however, her very act of appropriating language in the name of women is ambiguous in that she herself is often complicit in their objectification and degradation. Resume Dans cette etude, j'examine le recit autofictionnel Putain de Nelly Arcan, demontrant comment la confession psychanalytique de la « putain »-narratrice (qu'on a tendance a confondre avec l'auteure) s'insere dans un projet de genealogie au feminin. Apres une mort symbolique, la narratrice accouche de son recit et reussit a se placer dans la tradition de l'ecriture au feminin. Elle veut mettre en valeur les femmes au cours des generations qui ont ete soumises au desir masculin et reduites au silence. Toutefois, la prise de parole de la narratrice au nom des femmes est ambigue dans la mesure ou celle-ci est parfois complice de l'objectivation et la degradation des femmes.


Desulfurization of hot reformate gas, which is produced by catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) or autothermal reforming of heavy fuels, such as JP-8, is required prior to using the gas in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). This requires development of sorbent materials with favorable sulfidation equilibria, good kinetics, and high structural stability and regenerability at the SOFC operating temperature (650-800C) to avoid heat exchanger penalties. Sorbent performance stability in cyclic operation of sulfidation and regeneration at such high temperatures imposes major constraints on the choice of suitable materials.


The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of public enterprise reform policy on the attributes of organizational commitments in the public energy enterprises in Thailand. It compares three structural types of public energy enterprises: totally state-owned public enterprises (type I), partially transformed public enterprises (type II), and totally transformed public enterprises (type III), based on the degree of state ownership and the level of management control that exits in the public reformed organizations, by analyzing the presence of the desirable attributes of organizational commitment as perceived by employees. Findings indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the level of some dimensions of organizational commitment (affective commitment and normative commitment) between the three types of public energy enterprises. The lack of a structural type difference holds for only continuance commitment. The results also indicate empirical evidence concerning the causal relationship between the antecedents and organizational commitment. Whereas change-related behaviors show a direct negative influence on organizational commitment, both HRM practices and work-related values indicate direct positive influences on them.


A retrospective observational study of 1,160 prescriptions with prescribing errors from a large academic hospital in Thailand from 2014 to 2017. The aims of this study are to explore the proportion of prescribing error from pre-printed prescriptions and measure the frequency of prescribing errors in pre-printed versus hand-written prescriptions. Prescriptions with prescribing errors were stratified sampling and bootstrap resampling, then classified into 1) pre-printed historical medication prescriptions or pre-printed prescriptions 2) hand-written prescriptions. Some missed prescribing errors of each type of prescription were more identified by comparing the prescriptions with the medical records. Pre-printed prescriptions with prescribing errors constituted 767 (66%) of all collected prescriptions. The most commonly encountered prescribing error was "incomplete medication list in medical record", while 393 (34%) hand-written prescriptions were found to have the wrong dosage strength. Hand-written prescriptions were 1.45 times more likely to have a major error compared to pre-printed prescriptions (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.08-1.94, P 0.012). Although using pre-printed prescription can reduce some prescribing errors such as wrong dosage strength that occur with hand-written prescriptions, pre-printed prescriptions were found to have other prescribing errors. Procedures to improve the prescribing system to increase patient safety are needed.


This paper presents the design and implementation of efficient & compact flexible rectennas (antenna + rectifier) for wireless power transfer to wearable IoT sensor nodes at 24 GHz. Two different rectifier configurations i.e. shunt and voltage doubler have been analyzed for performance comparison. Experimental results of complete rectenna have also been demonstrated for conformal surfaces. The proposed flexible rectifiers is fabricated through conventional PCB manufacturing method. Measured RF-DC conversion efficiency of 31% and DC voltage of up to 2.4 V is achieved for 20 dBm input power across an optimal load resistance of 300Ω at 24 GHz.


Resistive switching effects in metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structures are strongly influenced by the electrode materials. In this work a platinum-free symmetric Al/Nb2O5/Al device is compared to a device with platinum bottom electrode. For the device with the platinum bottom electrode, filamentary based resistive switching with good data retention was observed up to 125 °C. For the Al/Nb2O5/Al device, an area dependent pure electronic based resistive switching was observed. Electron trapping at the bottom electrode interface is responsible for the observed analog switching behavior which makes an Al/Nb2O5/Al device suitable for neuromorphic applications.


Past plant abundance may be reconstructed from pollen data if dispersal distances of pollen and pollen productivities of each taxon are known. Using surface sediment samples from small and medium sized, closed and near circular lakes from lowland Central Europe, we tested the validity of three pollen dispersal models by comparing empirical pollen data from each lake with simulated pollen data derived from applying various pollen dispersal models to vegetation data from rings situated up to 100 km from each site. Pollen assemblages simulated with a Lagrangian stochastic (LS) model best fit real pollen assemblages, simulations with the commonly used Prentice model on pollen dispersal underestimated the amount of pollen arriving from distances larger than 10 km and overestimated the differences in dispersal distances between lighter (Pinus) and heavier (Fagus, Picea) pollen grains. The LS model appeared to provide more appropriate simulations. Pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) calculated for the data set showed that the choice of the dispersal model has great impact on the results. If derived with the Prentice model, PPEs for Fagus and Picea are three times higher than with the LS model. Studies on pollen productivities thus need to consider the apparent limitations of the Prentice model. We suggest an alternative approach, which uses simulations instead of the extended R-value model, to calculate PPEs. The approach is flexible in the use of dispersal functions and produced consistent results for two independent data sets from small and medium sized lakes.


Estimating and understanding uncertainty in face recognition systems is receiving increasing attention as face recognition systems spread worldwide and process privacy and security-related data. In this work, we investigate how such uncertainties can be further utilized to increase the accuracy and therefore the trust of automatic face recognition systems. We propose to use the uncertainties of extracted face features to compute a new uncertainty-aware comparison score (UACS). This score takes into account the estimated uncertainty during the calculation of the comparison score, leading to a reduction in verification errors. To achieve this, we model the comparison score and its uncertainty as a probability distribution and measure its distance to a distribution of an ideal genuine comparison. In extended experiments with three face recognition models and on six benchmarks, we investigated the impact of our approach and demonstrated its benefits in enhancing the verification performance and the genuine-imposter comparison scores separability.


Aim of review: Patients are at risk for lung injury in the perioperative period. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been associated with a reduction in duration of hospital stay, readmissions, and reoperations, together with decreased mortality and morbidity, improved pain control, better cost containment, and improved patient satisfaction. Method: we review the recent literatures on ERAS for prevention of perioperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Recent findings: Current ERAS protocols include >20 elements. Many elements in ERAS protocol can prevent perioperative lung injury, therefore reduce complications, enhance recovery, reduce length of stay, and lower the cost. Preadmission information, education and counseling, preoperative optimization, prophylaxis against thromboembolism, standard anesthetic protocol, laparoscopy and modifications of surgical access, perioperative fluid management, postoperative analgesia, and early mobilization impact directly on perioperative lung protection. Minimization of preoperative fasting, early resumption of oral intake, avoidance of bowel preparation can reduce the volume of intravenous fluid requirement, indirectly prevent lung injury.Summary: ERAS elements can prevent lung injury, reduce complications, enhance recovery, reduce length of stay, and lower the cost.  Citation: Jeffrey Huang. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols and perioperative lung protection. J Anesth Perioper Med 2014; 1: 50-56. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2014.0008This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


This paper describes a model for generating the hair cell receptor potential based on a second-order Boltzmann function. The model includes only the resistive elements of the hair cell membranes with batteries across them and the series resistance of the external return path of the transducer current through the tissue of the cochlea. The model provides a qualitative description of signal processing by the hair cell transducer and shows that the nonlinearity of the hair cell transducer can give rise to nonlinear phenomena, such as intermodulation distortion products and two-tone suppression with patterns similar to those which have been recorded from the peripheral auditory system. Particular outcomes of the model are the demonstration that two-tone suppression depends not on the saturation of the receptor current, but on the behaviour of the hair cell transducer function close to the operating point. The model also shows that there is non-monotonic growth and phase change for any spectral component, but not for the fundamental of the receptor potential.


As one of the major Chinese dialects, Shanghainese is well known for its complex tone sandhi system. This paper applies the command-response model to represent F/sub 0/ contours of Shanghainese speech. Analysis-by-synthesis is conducted both on carrier sentences with monosyllabic target words and on isolated polysyllabic words, from which a set of appropriate tone command patterns is derived for words of different lengths and different initial citation tones. By incorporating the effects of tone coarticulation, word accentuation and phrase intonation, the model gives high accuracy of approximations to F/sub 0/ contours of Shanghainese utterances, and hence provides a more efficient means to quantitatively represent F/sub 0/ contours and to describe the tone sandhi system of Shanghainese than the traditional 5-level tone code system.


Formulate the task of planning a trajectory for autonomously catching a flying vehicle by an UAV as a Model Predictive Control problem. Design and implement an MPC-based planner for this task and test it in realistic simulated experiments. Compare performance of the designed solution with other planning approaches such as non-linear optimization and proportional navigation in simulations. Evaluate these approaches using suitable metrics.


The behaviour of short cracks approaching growth barriers (e.g. grain boundaries) is considered. The crack model of Bilby, Cottrell and Swinden is applied to simulate the blocking of the plastic zone at the grain boundary and to obtain the stress concentration ahead of the crack as it approaches the barrier. The idea of the Hall-Petch type relationship that the transmission of slip across grain boundaries needs the previous achievement of a critical stress has been used. By making the crack growth rate proportional to the plastic displacement at the root of the crack the deceleration behaviour of short cracks and the existence of non-propagating cracks may be explained. The fatigue limit is related to the stress below which a crack growing in a single grain is unable to promote slip in the neighbouring grain. The different behaviour in the so-called long crack period has been rationalized in terms of the plastic zone exceeding the grain size. For this case, and in the grain completely included within the plastic zone, the Hall-Petch analysis must be applied. Hence the maximum back-stress sustained by this grain cannot exceed the yield stress. After this point the Bilby et al. model is used with uy as a friction stress (i.e. the Dugdale model). Finally use is made of Fracture Mechanics to correlate the results in the long crack phase.


The emergency of the Coronavirus imposes a cultural debate on the balancing of rights, freedoms and social responsibilities, finalized to the protection of individual and collective health. So much and rightly has been written in these days about strategic errors of the past, and authoritarian and social control risks exploiting the fear of contagion to further compress individual freedoms. A lot has been said about the futility of privacy as well. But is there a democratic way that respects fundamental rights in an emergency? Is there a model that can turn respect for democratic freedoms into a tool for effective common struggle in an emergency?


Background: Acne fulminans (AF) is a rare subtype of acne, a common inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit that can be triggered by the administration of systemic isotretinoin. Objective: The purpose of this article is to report the beneficial response to systemic fusidic acid in a case of AF. Methods and Results: This report documents the use and results of systemic isotretinoin, systemic corticosteroid, and systemic fusidic acid in an unusual case of AF. Conclusion: The use of systemic fusidic acid is recommended as a possible alternative to the therapeutic arsenal for AF.


The building operations and control have become automated with the help of information and communication technologies (ICT) leading to a new paradigm shift i.e. Smart Buildings, which can improve the comfort and efficiency of the user while consuming less energy than a traditional building. Smart buildings may also interact with the power grid, which is becoming increasingly crucial for utility demand response programs, which necessitates precise prediction of the smart buildings electricity usage. Hence, the paper focuses on the data-driven approaches for predicting electricity usage in a smart building in absence of the system model. The technique such as dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and deep learning models such as recurrent neural network (RNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are considered in this paper. The paper proposes the development of a hybrid model which is a blend of the best features of RNN and GRU for predicting electricity consumption. Another highlight of the paper is the proposition of hyperparameters which ensures to improve the prediction accuracy of the deep learning methods. For testing the effectiveness of all the methods in predicting electricity usage, a comparative study is carried out on two different types of smart buildings. Finally, based on the result it can be claimed that the proposed hybrid model along with the introduction of hyperparameter outperforms other methods of deep learning and DMD as validated by error metrics.


To better understand the analysis process used in developing expert systems, i.e. knowledge engineering, we have undertaken the creation of a relatively large expert system. This expert system will aid students in locating and correcting errors in their Pascal programs. The system is targeted at novice programmers and should assist them in developing good debugging skills, in addition aiding more efficient debugging of their programs by determining possible causes for compiler, runtime, and logic errors.


The empirical research model information management system and innovation in intercity consortium cooperation network, under the approach of quadrupole method proposed in this theoretical essay , is described through the dialectic of systemic  thought in the construction of conceptual and operational model research from the interactive dynamics between epistemology, theory, technique and morphology on the projection elements that try to explain the association between the determinants of innovation paradigms in intercity public consortium cooperation network and the teleology of the information management system .Therefore , this paper aims to present a proposal for a scientific model of empirical research based on the approaches of systems thought and quadrupole method of investigation to explain the construct system of information management and innovation in network of intercity public consortium cooperation, having as object the activities that these consortium play in the development of government policies in Brazil.


Introduction: Retro calcaneal bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa located between the posterior surface of the heel bone and the anterior surface of the Achilles tendon. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic decompression and debridement in patients with retrocalcaneal bursitis who had not responded to conservative treatment. Our primary objective was to estimate the improvement in American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score after surgery, and our secondary objectives were to estimate the average surgical duration and the incidence of post-operative complications.
Material and methods: This was a single-centre intervention study at a tertiary institution's level. Included in the study were all patients who were diagnosed with retrocalcaneal bursitis and who had failed a minimum 6-month trial of conservative treatment. 36 patients (36 heels) underwent endoscopic decompression.
Results: A prospective interventional cohort study was conducted on a total of 36 adult patients (18-70 years) with clinical and radiological findings suggestive of retrocalcaneal bursitis, duration of failed conservative treatment prior to surgery > 6 months, and refractoriness to other forms of non-operative treatment like steroid injections regardless of duration. There were no patients lost to follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 6 months [6 months to 2 years]. The average pre-operative AOFAS score was 56.42 6.8, ranging from 44 to 70. The difference between preoperative and postoperative AOFAS scores at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months was statistically significant (p 0.0001).
Conclusion: In patients with retrocalcaneal bursitis, arthroscopic decompression is a safe, effective, and simple procedure. Within the first three months, the majority of study participants experienced pain relief and a significant improvement in function.


Something is seriously wrong in our organisations today. Many suffer from what Albert Schweitzer 3 once referred to as a "sleeping sickness of the soul." Its symptoms are loss of vision, community, morality and compassion. Many voices have been raised to lament the loss of soul and heart in our corporate jungles, where leaders blinded by fear either cower under the pressures and demands of the day or betray the fragile trust given to them with brazen attitude. It has become increasingly clear that there is a desperate need for an indigenous, innovative, values-based leadership approach in South Africa that could mobilize a wide variety of participants around the common goal of reconstructing our society that has been ravished by racial discrimination, disease prevalence, economic injustices, corruption, crime and abysmal leadership failure. Several leadership scholars 4 have noted that there is a current, global paradigm shift from extreme individualism to communal leadership that stands in sharp contrast with the individualistic, competitive leadership approaches of the past. This new, emerging, postindustrial paradigm of leadership is helping South Africans to start to think of leadership as something that is done in community in stead of the isolated acts of one privileged individual. This


Nit.Iite stock solution shou ld be tritratcd since, this chemlcal ls not a primary standard , 11. is easily oxidized to nitrate by tbe oxygen of tbe airo Back pol.entiometric titratlon of a solutlon c.a 12 5 mg N-N02-/L on a Pt wire electrode vs a Ag/AgCl refe ren ce electrode. is presen ted. Potassium permanganate was used as tbe Utrant solu tion . Th e secon dary standard, ferrou s arnmonium sulfate (FAS) was selected for tbe po tentiometric Ijtra tion of KMn04 solullon. FAS was previously titrated by poten tiometry with K2Cf207 so lut lon and the same Pt-Ag/ AgCI electrodes were used. Potential steps abou t 500 m V on the endpOint re gion were exhibited for a ll fue perforrned potentiomelric titration s . The developed technique is three times faster than colorimetIic Utration for the same nitnle solution . lt also avoids human errors lo detect the endp oint volume and increases accu racy of Ule results with respect to the colorimetric stand ardtzed titra lion.


This guide provides an entry point into bioethics, with an emphasis on science and social science resources. This page summarizes bibliographic management programs available to Yale affiliates.


The article deals with the influence of the Supportive Foundation of Free Education (in existence from 1973 to 1991) over school education, teacher education and educational research, and it tends to clarify if the Foundation had any real prerequisites to influence those sectors. If it did, the aim is to study, in addition, what were the concrete issues to which it directed its action. The contents of the records of the Foundation and interviews form the sources that the article is based upon. The results show that the prerequisites of the Foundation were sufficient, as regards its influence; for example, it had clearly defined concrete aims, an efficient organization, good contacts and sufficient finances. The concrete aims of influencing, mentioned in the article, reinforce the image given by the earlier general-level research, as regards the extent and efficiency of its action. As for school education, its aims were to abolish school democracy and to define how to teach civics at school, whereas in teacher education, its concrete actions were the political classification of the staff and the attempt to influence its selection and the contents of teaching.


In this paper, the principle of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are briefly described. The formation technologies of FBG are systematically given and analyzed. In addition, we will describe in detail the experiment in which we applied phase mask method to write directly the period Bragg gratings into the single mode of Ge-doped fiber with KrF excimer UV laser. Comparing with other methods, this one involves a lot of advantages. The results of experiment will also be presented and analyzed.


A design architecture of a software system that analyzes and visualizes gene expression profiles is proposed. Implementation of core elements in the system is provided and a functional system prototype is developed. This system is capable of visualizing data through a scrollable user interface (UI) that only uses a small amount of memory. Current system includes implementation for viewing data as a rooted tree or colored heat maps and includes support for clustering, filtering and printing. iv DEDICATION To my parents, who have given me their love and support for all these years. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to all my committee members for their support and guidance for my project.


Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to plants at rates not adjusted for the N contribution from soil N availability may result in overapplication of fertilizer. Further understanding of proper timing of N applications based on soil N dynamics and plant demand can be valuable information for the efficient use of fertilizer N. The present study measures soil N dynamics in a pecan orchard under various N fertilizer regimes on a southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain soil. The following treatments were evaluated: 1) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.); 2) poultry litter; 3) crimson clover + poultry litter; 4) ammoniumnitrate (NH4NO3); and 5) untreated control.Crimson clover provided from 20 to75kgha -1 Noverthecourseofthetwogrowingseasons;however,mostoftheavailableN fromcrimsoncloverbecameavailablelateinthe growingseason.Asaresult, supplemental N may be required in spring where crimson clover is used as an orchard cover crop. Poultry litter, with and without clover, provided available N consistently throughout the growing season with more N becoming available later in the season than earlier. This suggests that poultry litterapplications for pecan should be timed before budbreak. Under optimum environmental conditions, N from NH4NO3 is most available within the first 30 daysof application. Thus, itappears that synthetic fertilizer applications using NH4NO3 as the N source should be targeted at or 2 to 3 weeks after pecan budbreak.


Riverine solute versus discharge (C–Q) relationships provide information about the magnitude and dynamics of material fluxes from landscapes. We analysed long‐term patterns of C–Q relationships for 44 rivers in Florida across a suite of geogenic, nutrient, and organic solutes and investigated land cover, watershed size, and surficial geology as controls on these patterns. Solute concentrations generally exhibited far less variability than did discharge, with coherent solute‐specific behaviours repeated across watersheds. Geogenic solutes generally diluted with increasing discharge, whereas organic solutes generally enriched; patterns for nutrients were highly variable across watersheds, but on average exhibited chemostasis. Despite strong evidence of both geologic and land cover controls on solute flow‐weighted concentrations, these variables were poor predictors of C–Q slopes (β) or relative coefficients of variation (CVC:CVQ). CVC:CVQ generally increased with watershed size, and wetland area appeared to influence C–Q patterns for base cations and organic solutes. Perhaps most importantly, we observed significant slope breaks in C–Q association in approximately half of our observations, challenging the generality of using single power functions to describe catchment solute export patterns. For all solutes except phosphorus (P), C–Q slopes decreased above statistically identified breaks (slopes for P increased), with breaks consistently at or near median flow (i.e., 50% flow exceedance probability). This common pattern significantly impacts solute load estimates; failing to account for slope breaks overestimates nitrate and total organic carbon loads as much as 125% and underestimates P loads as much as 35%. In addition to challenging generic power‐law characterization of C–Q relationships for these coastal plain rivers, and exploring the load estimate consequences thereof, our study supports emerging insights about watershed hydrochemical behaviours across a wide array of solutes.


There are lots of worldwide attentions paid to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
which can result in serious climate change issues. Hence, finding ways to save energy
and GHG emissions become important. Moreover, the energy demand from the
residential sector accounts for around 30% of the total energy demand, which shows
that it can be a potential way to contribute to reducing GHG emissions. Furthermore,
the electric vehicle (EV) is going to play an important role in reducing GHG emissions,
however, with the growth of EVs in the community, the low voltage (LV) distribution
network (DN) will be affected directly. Therefore, investigating reducing the energy
demand from domestic dwellings and minimising the impacts of EVs charging on
dwellings and DNs become significantly important.
Firstly, the energy demand of a domestic dwelling is modelled in the EnergyPlus.
Potential energy savings from building material, photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) panels,
LED lights and occupants' behaviours are analysed and improving the energy
efficiency is investigated.
Then, coupling by EnergyPlus and Matlab through Building Control Virtual Test Bed
(BCVTB) interface, the Dwelling-EV Integration Model (DEIM) is established as the
foundation for impact analysis of EVs charging on the energy demand in the dwellings
and DNs. An individual domestic dwelling is modelled. Then load-shifting method and
the battery storage energy system (BSES) are used to reduce the peak power demand
in the dwelling, which are proved to be feasible and be able to smooth the daily power
demand profile. III
Further, in order to solve the issues caused by EVs charging, such as voltage drop,
power loss etc. on DN, the impacts of EVs charging on the LV DN are analysed based
on a typical network, and the concept of dwelling's micro-grid, consisting of the PV
and a battery storage system, is proposed. The dwelling's micro-grid is used to
minimise the impacts of EVs charging, and it is proved to be useful for reducing the
voltage drop, the voltage disqualification rate and the power loss.
Finally, an ordered charging strategy (OCS) of EVs using the expected power is
proposed to minimise unbalanced load and increasing unqualified voltage caused by
EVs charging. Additionally, the OCS using the expected power is combined with the
BSES to further reduce the impacts. This method not only reduces the capacity of BSES,
makes the voltage of DN qualify, but also smoothes the daily power demand. It solves
the voltage drop caused by random EVs charging and overcomes the disadvantage of
the large deployment of EVs on the DN.


An estimator of the Kullback-Leibler information number by using its representation as a functional of the grade density is introduced. Its strong consistency is proved under the mild conditions on the grade density. The same approach is used to study the entropy measure of bivariate dependence (mutual information). Some applications to detection theory are also given.


The source materia1 for the isolation of the fermentation Lactobacillus casei factor was a filtrate obtained from an aerobic fermentation of an unidentified bacterium of the genus Corynebacterium. The liquor contained from 3 to 5 micrograms of the active compound'per ml. The activity of the compound was followed by microbiological assay with Lactobacillus casei, according to established methods. The crystalline compound was obtained by the following procedure. After removal of the bacterial cells, the solution was adjusted to pH 3.0, and 6 grams of Norite A were added per liter of filtrate. After 30 minutes adsorption, the charcoal was filtered off and washed well with water. The charcoal was eluted with 50 per cent ethanol (6 liters per Kg. of charcoal). This eluate was discarded. The charcoal was then eluted with 50 per cent ethanol and 10 per cent ammonium hydroxide (by volume) a t 70' C. for 1 hour (12 liters per Kg. of charcoal). The elution was repeated once. The eluates were combined. The recovery approximated 65 per cent. The ammonia-ethanol eluates were adjusted to pH 8.0, with concentrated hydrochloric acid and ethanol added to a concentration of 85 per cent. A saturated aqueous solution of barium chloride was added until complete precipitation occurred, meanwhile maintaining the pH a t 8.0. After cooling to 0'4' C., the precipitate was centrifuged out and washed with methanol. The active compound was completely precipitated by this procedure. The barium precipitates were suspended in 0.25 N methanol-hydrogen chloride (1/15th the volume of the original filtrate) and esterified a t room temperature. At th'e end of 24 hours, the esterification Fixture was adjusted to pH 4.5 by cautious addition of 5 N sodium hydroxide, and then cancentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in a volume of water equivalent to a concentration of 15 micrograms per ml. of the active compound. The water insolubles were centrifuged out and discarded. The aqueous solution was extracted 3 times with 2 volumes of bu-


The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of internal sales control runs effectively and efficiently. Claims internal control is very important so that claims are received on time. PT. Growth Asia is a foundry company. Documentation & interviews are used as data collection methods. The research method used in this study is a qualitative narrative. Analytical technology uses data reduction techniques, data visualization, and data verification. The results of the study show that the internal control component in sales control is effective because the internal control component already exists in the company and the credit limit applies. The results of this study also indicate that the internal control of accounts receivable is quite effective in terms of a clear division of labor, where more than one department handles receivable collection. sales level of PT. Asian growth picked up from 2020-2021, showing that internal sales controls are working effectively.


The political and economic isolation of the Islamic Republic, brought on by its ideological rejection of Western and Soviet influences, gave greater weight to the use of religion in a pragmatic, compensatory fashion. In particular, political leaders of Iran used Islamic doctrines, symbolism, and language to legitimize their wartime policy. I argue that Iran's political leaders specifically reconstructed certain Islamic tenets, both via the ahadith and juristic precedence, in order to justify military actions such as retaliation against non-combatants, human wave attacks, and economic warfare.


The optimum reaction conditions for the formation of an ion-association complex among rhodium,tungstate and toluidine blue(TB) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) and in 6.0mol/L H2SO4 medium were studied in this paper.A very sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of rhodium was developed based on the reaction.It is suggested experimentally that Beer's law is obeyed at 570 nm in the rhodium concentration range of 0.01~0.125μg/25 mL.The molar absorptivity(e) is 5.68×107 L.mol-1.cm-1.Many co-exist ions do not interfere with the determination.The results for the determination of rhodium in real samples obtained by this method are consistent with those by SnCl2 method.


PUTRIE NURULIA WARDHANI, Influence of Trust and Commitment to Customer Loyalty of Bank Mandiri UNJ Branch for Students of the Faculty of Economics, Jakarta State University.
This research was conducted at the Faculty of Economics, Jakarta State University, for 6 months from February to July 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of trust and commitment to customer loyalty of Bank Mandiri UNJ Branch to Students of the Faculty of Economics at Jakarta State University. The research method that the researcher uses is a survey method with a questionnaire, the population used is all students of the Faculty of Economics, Jakarta State University. The sampling technique used was a Purposive sampling technique of 120 people. The resulting regression equation is Ŷ = 1,570 + 0,356 X1 + 0,422 X2. The requirements analysis test is the normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smimov test with a significance level (α) = 5% or 0.05 and produces a significant level of Y value of 0.200, X1 is worth 0.200, X2 is 0.200. Because the significance level of the three variables is> 0.05, it can be concluded that the data are normally distributed and can be used in subsequent analyzes. Regression linearity test Y for X1 and Y over X2 produces a significance value in linearity, which is 0,000 Ftable, which is 42,176> 3,072, so it can be concluded that the regression equation is significant. Next, the t test and Y above X1 thitung 4.529> ttable = 1.65798, Y over X2 thitung 5.169> t table = 1.65798. The coefficient of determination obtained is 0.535 for trust, 0.563 for commitment. Then it can be concluded that trust and commitment to explain customer loyalty simultaneously are 41.9% while the remaining 58.1% is explained by other variables.
Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Trust, Commitment


Abstract : Triisocyanates were isolated in two ways: first, by the reaction of an excess of diisocyanates on several triols, and secondly, by molecular distillation of commercial isocyanates. No improvement was observed in the mechanical properties of propellants or propellant binders made from these triisocyanates and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadienes compared to those made from mixtures of triols and diisocyanates. The mechanical properties of polybutadiene propellant binders are improved by the addition of small amounts of low molecular weight diols to hydroxyl-terminated polybutadienes (PBBO and R45M). There is a change in the mechanical properties of R45M and PBBO binders with the variation in the structure of isocyanates. (Author)


This article briefly reviews the research findings on post-stroke rehabilitative therapy mainly published in 2011. Topics on ap proaches for motor function recovery include the use of body-weight-supported treadmill, robotic training, virtual reality, functional electrical stimulation, intensive treatment and motor imagery. Rehabilitative strategies to improve functional recovery such as comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Also, pharmacotherapy using noradrenaline agonist reboxetine and botulinum toxin injection are discussed in this review. (Korean J Stroke 2012;14:57-61)


Introduction Farmers are continually searching for a third crop to complement the corn-soybean rotation. Field peas can be substituted for most of the soybean meal in swine rations and may be more economical than soybean meal, so there is a huge potential market for field peas in Iowa. Field peas are a short-season crop, which makes double cropping a possibility. There have been recent reports from Illinois of some success in planting field peas in the summer after a winter wheat harvest.


Fusion and gemination is not an uncommon finding and affected most primary dentition and the permanent maxillary incisors. These changes can develop a series of complication. A 11-year-old male presented radiography finding: an unusual mandibular second molar. A well-documented case brings a challenge vailable online 17 December 2015 eywords: bnormalities olar anoramic radiography for radiologists classify between fusion and gemination. In conclusion, this alteration although common in other regions, there are no case in the literature involving "second and third" molar. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Fig. 1. Panoramic Radiography (PR) for initial orthodontic treatment, showed secomography . Introduction Variation in number, size and form of teeth is not an uncommon nding. Gemination results of a developmental aberration of ectoerm and the mesoderm [1], the teeth germ divides and results "two teeth", with two crowns or one large partially separated rown, can be share a pulp chamber and root canal, affected most he permanent maxillary incisors [2]. Fusion is a union of two teeth as a result of some physical force or ressure, can be present with only one pulp chamber and a conflunce of enamel and dentine as in gemination, or there may be two eparate pulp chambers and union only of the dentine [3], involvng permanent dentition are very rare 0–0.8%, with the majority of ases seen in anterior teeth [4], the congenital absence of the adjaent tooth from the dental arch can be differentiated fusion from emination [3]. That anomalous tooth can develop a series of complication ike malocclusion, caries, tooth misalignment, arch asymmetry nd functional problems [5]. Occasionally, orthodontists encounter atients with this anomalies and it is extremely difficult to restore he natural look of such a wide tooth [6]. Currently the searching f perfect smile with a white and strait dental, like a celebrities, t takes several people realize an orthodontic treatment without a ood planning and indiscriminate use of braces in Brazil. The purpose of this case report was to describe anomalous and are tooth in a young adult male in unusual right mandibular second ∗ Corresponding author: Fax: +55 11 3091 783. E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com A.J. Camargo), firstname.lastname@example.com (E.S. Arita), email@example.com P.C.A. Watanabe). ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.12.010 210-2612/© 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd. This rg/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ond premolar agenesis (mandibular left region—35) and a second molar (mandibular right) apparently overlaid on the third molar, see that this tooth has more advanced root development than their congeners. molar, and discuss the possibilities involving the anomaly diagnosis. 2. Case report A 11-year-old male in good health presented on radiology dental service to realize Panoramic Radiography (PR) for initial orthodontic treatment. There was no history of orofacial trauma. Radiographic (Fig. 1) evaluation showed second premolar agenesis (mandibular left region—35) and a second molar (mandibular right) apparently overlaid on the third molar. It is possible to the observer that "supposed third molar" has bigger development compared to their counterparts, 1/3 showing the formation of roots. It is very close to the level of development of the second molar, which had half of root formation. The second radiography (Fig. 2), three years later, showed a second molar (mandibular right) that is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. CASE REPORT – OPEN ACCESS 74 A.J. Camargo et al. / International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 21 (2016) 73–77 Fig. 2. Second radiography, three years later, showed a second molar (mandibular right) had two separate canals and shared one (second molar mesial root and first molar distal root).


Magnetics is one of the foundations in elementary physics education from which emerge some specious problems such as the mutual actions between magnetic poles, the distinction of permanent magnet polarity and the description of magnetic induction line.


In an astrophysical context the polarization of electromagnetic radiation carries important information about the spatial properties of the regions of its origin or those regions through which it has passed. In this thesis two distinct cases are considered. Y In Part I the gravitational field is probed in a search for polarization dependence in the light bending. This involves search-. ing for a splitting of a source image into orthogonal polarizations as the radiation passes through the solar gravitational field. This search was carried out using the techniques of very Long and intermediate baseline interferometry, and by seeking a realtive phase delay in orthogonal polarizations of microwaves passing through the solar gravitational field. In this last technique a-change in the total polarization of the Helios 1 carrier wave was sought as the spacecraft passed behind the sun. No polarization splitting was detected, and the most stringent upper limits are 5 x 10 a arc seconds. This constitutes a unique confirmation of the equivalence principle. Future work involving compact objects may reveal a polar a ization dependence in the gravitational scattering of electromagnetic


In the research the educational potential of Facebook for language acquisition is studied. The methodological experiment and survey were conducted aimed at studying the efficiency of Facebook-assisted teaching in the Facebook group for the development of students' vocabulary, listening and writing skills. Quantitative and qualitative analysis, observation, interpretation, control and measuring were applied in the research. The Facebook group was viewed as an educational environment where a set of specially organized learning materials of different formats was accumulated. The research outlined the useful features and capabilities of the Facebook group for facilitating the learning process and increasing motivation and engagement. The findings proved that the Facebook group learners outperformed the participants of the control groups regarding all three aspects taken: vocabulary (breadth and depth of knowledge), listening skills (listening for general and specific information) and writing skills (content, organization and clarity, vocabulary, spelling and grammatical accuracy). The reasons for the better results of the experimental group participants were identified, including the repeated exposure of the experimental groups students to the target vocabulary, up-to-date and controversial nature of the study content, and visual and interactional nature of the Facebook environment. The survey revealed the positive evaluation of studying in the Facebook environment by the Facebook learners.


Recent research suggests that the ability to finely tune vocal-tract resonances during trombone playing may constitute an important aspect of performance expertise. Artificial player systems, designed to reproduce the behaviour of a real player, often neglect this component by not providing any control of upstream resonances. However, they offer great experimental platforms for quantitative studies on sound production mechanisms, allowing independent adjustment of certain control parameters. An active sound control method was designed to improve high tone support and investigate different conditions of coupling between the artificial lips, the downstream air-column and the upstream cavity during sustained tones played by an artificial valve-trombone player system. Upstream input impedance at the fundamental frequency was controlled through real-time adjustment of the phase and amplitude ratio between the acoustic pressure generated on both sides of the lips. The phase difference between the upstream and downstream pressures was swept linearly while maintaining different conditions of upstream energy and fixed trombone fingering. Observations during this procedure included: 1. significant fundamental frequency variations in the neighbourhood of a downstream impedance peak; and 2. variation of the downstream energy and optimal phase tuning with regard to the mechanical efficiency of the lip-valve system.


This paper focuses on Cadmium's occurrence in sulfide tailings and its migration and enrichment mechanism.It's considered that the oxidation of sulfide release the metal ions,SO2-4and H+,which becomes the main reason of the cadmium elements transferring and spreading to the environment.Under the condition of strong oxidation,the main ionic state of cadmium can be transferable and exchangeable,and they can easily dissolve in water and bring great pollution threat to the environment.Based on the geochemical characteristics and pollution mechanism of cadmium,it's known that preventing oxidation of sulfide and adding alkaline materials can prevent and control the release of the acid water and heavy metal from the source.We can use the methods such as solid-liquid separation process,ferrite method,biological repair method and building permeable reactive barriers on the lower edge of the tailings pollution plume.With these methods,we can intercept and clean up the cadmium pollution so as to make it discharged safely and protects the mine environment.


A Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole loaded with Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Line (CRLH-TL) unit cell is presented in this letter. Multiband is achieved due to the nonlinear dispersion relation of the CRLH-TL unit cell. The CRLH-TL unit cell supports a fundamental LH wave (phase advance) at lower frequencies and a RH wave (phase delay) at higher frequencies. By loading CRLH-TL unit cells with a conventional monopole, the resonant frequency of higher order mode can be decreased, and zeroth-order mode or even negative-order mode can be achieved. As a result, the proposed antenna operates at 1.43GHz, 2.58GHz, 3.31GHz and 4.4GHz. Finally the modifled antenna is fabricated and measured; measurements and EM simulations are in a good agreement that conflrms the proposed theory.


The invention discloses a connector with a sealing pad for a numerical-control machine tool. The connector comprises the sealing pad and the connector, wherein the sealing pad is arranged on the lower part of the connector in a sleeved manner; ring-shaped blocking rings are arranged on the inner ring of the sealing pad; a ring-shaped blocking plate is arranged on the outer ring of the sealing pad; the ring-shaped blocking plate and the outer ring of the sealing pad form a blocking slot; the three ring-shaped blocking rings are sequentially a first ring-shaped blocking ring, a second ring-shaped blocking ring and a third ring-shaped blocking ring from bottom to top; a through hole is formed in the ring-shaped blocking plate; a spacing between the first ring-shaped blocking ring and the second ring-shaped blocking ring is greater than that between the second ring-shaped blocking ring and the third ring-shaped blocking ring; an accommodating cavity is arranged on the inner part of the connector; the upper part of the connector is upwards provided with a ring-shaped blocking sheet; symmetrical through holes are formed in the connector; the bottom of the connector is provided with an inlet and outlet; the lower part of the connector is provided with a ring-shaped blocking slot; and the lower side of the bottom of the connector is provided with a cavity.


ABSTRACT Ceratitis capitata causes direct and indirect damage to fruit production worldwide, reducing productivity and increasing costs. Currently, there is no effective control strategy for fruit fly pupae in the soil. We selected virulent local entomopathogenic fungi (EF) strains for application against pupae of C. capitata and evaluated their effects on the post-emergence survival of adults in laboratory conditions. A cage was designed to study mortality in apparently healthy C. capitata adults that emerged from soils previously treated with EF conidia. This approach allowed the selection of four strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and two strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) that were virulent to C. capitata pupae. The application of B. bassiana strains LCB53 and LCB289 caused 44.4 and 60.1% corrected pupae mortality and 83.5 and 88.7% corrected mortality of pupae plus adults, respectively. The median lethal time after adult emergence was 4.0 and 3.5 days for LCB53 and LCB289, respectively. The application of conidial preparations to natural soil reduced insect emergence and the adult life span and represents a promising strategy for fruit fly integrated management.


Background Racial/ethnic disparity in waiting-list mortality among candidates listed for kidney transplantation (KT) in the United States remains unclear. We aimed to assess racial/ethnic disparity in waiting-list prognosis among patients listed for KT in the United States in the current era. Methods We compared waiting-list and early posttransplant in-hospital mortality or primary nonfunction (PNF) among adult (age ≥18 years) white, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients listed for only KT in the United States between July 1, 2004 and March 31, 2020. Results Of the 516,451 participants, 45.6%, 29.8%, 17.5%, and 7.1% were white, black, Hispanic, and Asian, respectively. Mortality on the 3-year waiting list (including patients who were removed for deterioration) was 23.2%, 16.6%, 16.2%, and 13.8% in white, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence of posttransplant in-hospital death or PNF after KT was 3.3%, 2.5%, 2.4%, and 2.2% in black, white, Hispanic, and Asian patients,respectively. White candidates had the highest mortality risk on the waiting list or of becoming too sick for a transplant, while black (adjusted hazard ratio, [95% confidence interval, CI], 0.67 [0.66–0.68]), Hispanic (0.59 [0.58–0.60]), and Asian (0.54 [0.52–0.55]) candidates had a lower risk. Black KT recipients (odds ratio, [95% CI] 1.29 [1.21–1.38]) had a higher risk of PNF or death before discharge than white patients. After controlling confounders, black recipients (0.99 [0.92–1.07]) had a similar higher risk of posttransplant in-hospital mortality or PNF as white patients than Hispanic and Asian counterparts. Conclusions Despite having a better socioeconomic status and being allocated better kidneys, white patients had the worst prognosis during the waiting periods. Black recipients and white recipients have higher posttransplant in-hospital mortality or PNF.


Introduction: Inherited hemoglobin disorders present a significant health problem all over the world. Due to migration, this problem is increasing day by day. No definitive data regarding the frequency of hereditary haemoglobin disorders are available in Nepal. Iron deficiency is most widely prevalent in the country and beta thalassaemia is also common. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the relative frequency of inherited haemoglobin disorders. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Haematology Mangalam diagnostics center from July 2014 to January 2016. A total of 50 cases were included in this study. Blood samples of specific amount were taken from all these individuals for estimation of CBC, red cell variables and Hb electrophoresis. Results: Hb electrophoresis revealed normal Hb pattern in 76% of cases, followed by (Hb S, Hb A and Hb F), Hbs/β+ Thalassaemia (66.6%), (Hb A Hb A2 and Hb F) Heterozygous db Thalassaemia (16.6%). HPFH and HBAS (Sickle Trait) are only 8.3% cases in each. In this study, a total of 24% abnormal Hb pattern were detected. Conclusion: The finding of abnormal Hb pattern on Hb electrophoresis in this study among the cases indicated the high frequency of inherited haemoglobin disorders among our population and hence warranted detection of these disorders and subsequent appropriate genetic counseling.


The main goals of SI are usually to improve learning and student performance as well as increasing retention. The achievement of these goals are evaluated based on linking SI attendance with retention and student results (student performance is here often seen as a proxy for learning). However, the objectives with introducing an SI-program at a higher education institute is often so much more than these three goals. For instance, you want SI to help students to become independent active learners where they see fellow students as learning resources and as a result develop a network of study partners. You also want SI to help students train critical thinking, presentation skills, teamwork and collaboration, problem solving, develop study strategies and skills as well as obtaining a better confidence in studies. Although it is quite likely that supervisors running SI programs try to evaluate if they achieve these additional goals, very little information and results are actually available in the literature. The present study focus on the use of questionnaires to evaluate these soft goals of SI as well as providing quality assurance for the program. The questionnaires may be focused on the participants and leaders' reflections on the SI program at the end of the course or questionnaires that are more specialized on a specific topic. Examples of questionnaire results for a specific SI program are presented. It is shown that several additional soft goals are achieved. For instance, most students attending SI feel that their abilities in critical thinking, problem solving, teamwork, presentations improve. Furthermore, most participants get a better academic confidence and take more responsibility for their learning. Also a significant portion of the students build a network of study partners through SI. Participants at this session will be involved by inviting them to group discuss on topics like • "what additional goals do they have with SI besides improving student performance and increasing retention?", • "to what extent do they use surveys or qualitative methods like focus groups to evaluate these additional goals?", and • "what results did they get from these additional evaluations?". (Less)


Electronic structure calculations frequently invoke periodic boundary conditions to solve for electrostatic potentials. For systems that are electronically charged, or contain dipole (or higher) moments, this artifice introduces spurious potentials due to the interactions between the system and multipole moments of its periodic images in aperiodic directions. I describe a method to properly handle the multipole moments of the electron density in electronic structure calculations using periodic boundary conditions. The density for which an electrostatic potential is to be evaluated is divided into two pieces. A local density is constructed that matches the desired moments of the full density, and its potential computed treating this density as isolated. With the density of this local moment countercharge removed from the full density, the remainder density lacks the troublesome moments and its electrostatic potential can be evaluated accurately using periodic boundary conditions.


Friction stir welding is an important topic within ISIM Timisoara, with several research projects being implemented in this field. Friction stir welding in liquid working environment aims to avoid overheating of the welding tool and device during the joining process and achieve better results compared to FSW welding in ambient environment. The paper presents results obtained by ISIM Timisoara in the framework of a national research project (in progress), regarding the friction stir welding in liquid environment (SFSW) of the EN AW 1200 aluminum alloy. The experimental research aimed at an analysis of the SFSW welded joints for the EN AW 1200 aluminum alloy, made with four different welding tool geometries, under the same working conditions regarding the FSW welding machine and the technological process parameters.


Professor Anderson emphasizes in this paper the two crucial factors in implementing a manage ment team concept: (1) the acceptance by the superintendent of the desirability of involving all sub-administrators in administrative planning and in policy formulation; and (2) the adoption of a formal structure which assures a system of open communication with all administrators.


The first principle of legal writing is surely its clarity — visible actors (unless the action matters more), uncluttered syntax, and, of course, logical structure. But the little things can matter to clarity, too — such as deliberate punctuation that signifies. In the language of law, in which compound nouns are rife, the reader can feel adrift as to where modifiers end and the noun begins. (Consider government-subsidized health flexible-spending arrangement without those hyphens.) Hyphens help. Whether an author cares to hyphenate the noun is his call; but hyphenating compound modifiers (also called phrasal adjectives, though they may include adverbs — more-abundant paperclips) follows a logic that is worth learning. This essay describes that logic. But its pitch is that legal writing, of all writing disciplines, should practice a deliberate, consistent use of such hyphens, rather than the more-relaxed practice readers see in less-formal writing (whose effects, of course, are usually also less consequential).


Light and dark field autoradiography of semithin sections prepared 6 h after a treatment with APS showed that the incorporation of H3-leucine into the cells of the convoluted tubules of the kidney was increased in mice. There was no difference in the H3-leucine incorporation in the liver, either in thrombocytopenic or in untreated animals. The increased incorporation of leucine in the kidney in APS-induced thrombocytopenia showed coincidence with increased thrombopoietin production.


This article mainly aims at analysis of local stress of lower chord of inverted triangle cargo boom of tower crane under the wheel pressure, taking the inverted triangle cargo boom of 70300 tower crane as the research object. Separately analyze the effects on the strength of the lower chord which is produced by the down flange, webs and changes of the car action point. Result from the analysis: When the distance between the two webs is too far and the car action points are closer to the webs, the force of lower chord is relatively good. Thickness of the down flange has bigger influence on the lower chord than the webs.


According to the three-year clinical medicine's training goal of dermatovenereology curriculum,new multimedia courseware,which based on the sixth edition of dermatovenereology textbook for national unified medical college,was produced,focusing on practicality,science and innovation.New multimedia courseware assisted methods were integrated with the traditional methods in teaching practice and achieved good results.This article discussed and analyzed experience in the course of making and applying the new dermatovenereology multimedia courseware.


A novel collinear polymer waveguide modulator was successfully demonstrated. A 36 dB modulation depth was observed with the combination of current induced absorption (3 dB) and phase-matched cross coupling (33 dB). The experimental data shows that the modulator is insensitive to beam polarization. Only 0.1 dB difference was observed between the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The theoretical calculation projects a modulation bandwidth of multi gigabit/sec. The polymer microstructure film (PMSF) demonstrated an index tunability from a stepped-index profile to a graded-index (GRIN) profile. GRIN profiles have been produced using the swelling and dehydration process. High- quality waveguides have been generated on an array of optoelectronic substrates, including semiconductors, conductors, insulators, and ceramics. As a result, the demonstrated polymer waveguide modulator can be implemented on any system application where passive and active guided wave devices are employed. Besides the aforementioned universality, the ingenuity of the proposed device provides us with an extremely large dynamic range of the suitable waveguide effective index for waveguide-to-waveguide coupling, which is not achievable through any existing electro-optic devices. Drive power, fabrication cost, and interaction length are expected to be drastically reduced.


Spectral hole burning in long-haul WDM transmission systems is reviewed, including: impact of different loading and aging conditions, modeling and experimental results obtained on installed systems, as well as measurements in broad band amplifiers.


One MD says that age-based testing is ageist and a disturbing trend. She outlines her reasons why she feels this way.


We have synthesized quadruply BN-fused tetrathia[8]circulenes through four-fold electrophilic borylation. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the BN-fused tetrathia[8]circulene with peripheral phenyl groups exhibits crystal polymorphism, in which the circulene core adopts both planar and saddle conformations in the solid state. The experimental and theoretical studies revealed the weaker aromaticity of azaborine than benzene renders the flexibility to BN-fused tetrathia[8]circulenes.


Lysine acetylation is a post‐translational modification that is regulated by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases that catalyze protein lysine‐N‐acetylation, and histone deacetylases (HDACs) that catalyze removal of the ɛ‐N‐acetyl‐lysine modification. Acetylation regulates a plethora of cellular processes, and misregulation has been implicated in the development of myriad pathological states such as cancer, diabetes, aging, neurological disorders and genetic diseases. Inhibitors of metal‐dependent HDACs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of T‐cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The full complement of in vivo substrates for the 11 metal‐dependent HDACs is unknown, and the functional basis for substrate selectivity is poorly defined. We are investigating the substrate sets for HDAC1, HDAC6 and HDAC8 using a number of methods, including: 1) identification of transient interactors using active‐site directed photocrosslinking covalent capture followed by mass spectrometric analysis, 2) measurement of HDAC activity with libraries of peptides and proteins coupled with the development of computational selectivity models, and 3) analysis of the role of phosphorylation and protein binding partners on substrate selectivity. These data are providing insight into the biological function of these important enzymes.


In vivo and in vitro antibody‐coated nonspherocytic red cells have normal deformability in iso‐osmolar media, and their isolated membranes have normal mechanical stability as measured in the ektacytometer, a laser visco‐diffractometer. The deformability of red cells from patients with hemolytic anemia was proportionately reduced with the degree of spherocytosis irrespective of whether the direct antiglobulin test was positive. However, when antibody‐sensitized nonspherocytic cells were suspended in hyperosmolar media and exposed to constant shear stress in the ektacytometer, they showed reduction of their deformability index in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; 360,000 Daltons) but not dextran. This reduction was not due to alterations in cell water or cation content. Also, when incubated at 37 degrees C, sensitized red cells reacted specifically with PVP, and underwent a decrease in cell deformability. This appears to be the result of changes either in red cell membrane rigidity or membrane viscosity. The PVP effect was reproducible, time‐ and temperature‐ dependent, and predicted reliably the Rh phenotype. These observations were used to develop a novel approach to the antiglobulin test in the blood bank.


The utility model relates to the field of means for enhancing the operational reliability of electronic equipment and is intended for determining the state of a computing device or apparatus, and primarily the dust levels on the inner components thereof, and informing, in a timely manner, of the need for maintenance. The technical result consists in enhancing the reliability of a sensor mounting by means of avoiding the use of adhesive tape and by means of a separate reliable dust sensor mounting. A sensor for informing of the need for the maintenance of primarily computing devices includes a self-contained reader. The reader includes an emitter and a receiver of IR spectrum. The sensor for informing of the need for device maintenance additionally contains a circuit board, onto which a controller (ATmega88) is installed, to which controller the reader is connected. The sensor is capable of receiving power and exchanging information by means of a USB. The circuit board is affixed directly on a USB header. The reader is installed using a bolted connection.


Based on the analysis of the PKM Architecture and the overall network-based security control system,this paper brings for Nard the authority management model for the data security of the PDM system.And in accordance with the demand of pluralized authority for PDM system,this paper focuses on the internal authority mechanism of the PKM system,including its solutions.


Of all units which comprise the Guyana Craton, the Guianense Complex is the lowest, with portion of it named Rio Novo Granodiorite and Tumucumaque Gneiss. Capping the Guianense Complex, in angular unconformity, are the metasediments of the Vila Nova, Cauarane and Tunui Groups (2,100-1,800 m.y.). There were some magmatic effusione, both acidic and intermediate in composition, during the period of tectonic calm, in association with their subvolcanic equivalents. Such igneous cycle is named Uatuma Group (1,900-1,400 m.y.) with the Surumu and Iricoume formations, and the plutonic ones, known as Mapuera Granite, Serra do Mel Granite, Falsino Granodiorite, Surucucu Granite, Tiquie Granite, Erepecuru Syenite, and Cachorro Syenite. After the close of that almost craton period, the area passed through a period of block faulting producing basin or basins, which received thick sequences of sedimentary deposits, named Roraima Group (1,805 m.y.) and Sete Quedas Formation. At the end or even during the sedimentation, tholeiitic intrusions invaded the sedimentary rocks forming sills, dykes and stocks; they are known as Pedra Preta Diabase (1,805-1,600 m.y.), Suretama Gabbro (1,420 m.y.] and alkaline intrusions, (Mapari Syenite, 1,600-1,300 m.y.). After the close of this volcanism, the area was cratonized. As the cratonization was reached, tectomagmatic ativation and reativation events were produced, resulting rifts and intensive regional cataclasis accompanied by volcanism. Such events have received several denominations such as Nickerie-K'Mudku Orinoquiense or Jari-Falsino (1,200-1,000 m.y.), Cassipore Event (250-180 m.y.) or Takutu (200 m.y.), and the Apoteri tholeiitic volcanism (180-150 m.y.) and the Catrimani Syenite (100 m.y.). Late Cretaceous the Guianense Craton was affected by vertical movements, with deposition of continental clastic material, reaching even the Quaternary.


Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is considered one of the most promising technologies to replace the current CMOS technology. Compared with the traditional transistor technology, the computation relies on a new paradigm based on the interaction between nearby QCA cells. It has significant advantages, such as operating frequency (THz), high device density, and low power consumption. In this brief, a novel XOR/XNOR-function logic gate with two inputs, two enable inputs and one output is proposed and designed in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nanotechnology. In order to demonstrate the functionality and capabilities of the proposed QCA-based XOR/XNOR architecture, performance is evaluated and analyzed. The proposed XOR/XNOR logic gate has a superb performance in terms of area, complexity, power consumption and cost function in comparison to some existing QCA-based XOR architectures. Moreover, some efficient circuits based on the proposed XOR/XNOR gate are designed in QCA.


Lipomas may occur in almost any part of the body in which there are deposits of normal fat. They generally develop where these deposits are greatest, and it is only rarely that they are found in parts where little fat naturally exists. Practically all fatty tumors have a fibrous capsule and are divided into lobules by septums. In most cases, the capsule and its branches are quite delicate, but they may be thick and strong, particularly following inflammatory changes. They then acquire density and toughness similar to that of fibrous tumors. Grossly, histologically and chemically, lipomas resemble normal fatty tissue. They are more compact on the cut surface than fat and the lobules are smaller. There is undoubtedly some physiologic difference between lipoma fat and normal fat, as the body is not able to utilize lipoma fat, even in emergencies when all the normal fat has disappeared. Lipomas are found


In this article, we discuss one aspect of the valence band structure of polyethylene, that is, the existence of a minimum at a low-symmetry point of the first Brillouin zone. The orbital interactions which come into play are analyzed. A minimal basis set and a bond orbital model are used to interpret the bonding and antibonding interactions which influence the energy band structure. Our analysis is confirmed by comparing the properties of the isoelectronic valence bands of polyethylene CH2CH2 and polysilane SiH2SiH2.


Background: To observe the relationship of change in endocrine function within radiation exposure and try to evaluate the correlated factors about thyroid function and glucose metabolism.
 Methods: A total of 1,784 subjects from physical examination organization for occupational health from year 2015 to 2016 were investigated.
 Results: The abnormal proportion of T3 and T4 of female were higher than male. Glucose level showed a significant increase in overweight (5.35±1.01) and decrease in underweight group (4.77±0.47) compared with normal group (5.05±0.85). Subjects whose exposure time longer than 3 years were likely to get higher T4 level than those less than 3 years (P Conclusions: Changes in thyroid function and glucose metabolism may appear after long time exposure to radiation.


Download PDF Ebook and Read OnlineDigital Electronics Principles Devices And Applications By Anil Kumar Maini%0D. Get Digital Electronics Principles Devices And Applications By Anil Kumar Maini%0D Digital Electronics Principles Devices and Applications Digital Electronics Principles, Devices and Applications by Anil K. Maini and published by John Wiley and Sons provides a comprehensive coverage of all the fundamental concepts, digital devices and integrated circuits and their applications in a very simple and easily understandable format. http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Digital-Electronics--Principles--Devices-and-Applications--.p df PDF Digital Electronics Principles Devices and Download Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications By Anil K. Maini The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/industrial electronics, communications, embedded systems, computers, security and military equipment.. Devices used in applications such as these are constantly decreasing in size and http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/-PDF--Digital-Electronics--Principles--Devices-and--.pdf Digital Electronics Principles Devices and Applications The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/industrial electronics, communications, embedded systems, computers, security and military equipment. Devices used in applications such as these are constantly decreasing in size and employing more complex technology. http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Digital-Electronics--Principles--Devices-and-Applications--.p df Digital Electronics Principles Devices and Applications The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/ industrial electronics, communications, embedded systems, computers, security and military equipment. Devices used in applications such as these are constantly decreasing in size and employing more complex technology. It is therefore essential for engineers and students http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Digital-Electronics--Principles--Devices-and-Applications.pd f Digital Electronics Principles Devices and Applications Principles, Devices and Applications [messy] Anil K. Maini The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/industrial electronics, communications, embedded systems, computers, security and military equipment. http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Digital-Electronics--Principles--Devices-and-Applications--.p df DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ANIL K MAINI PDF Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications [Anil K. Maini] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The fundamentals and. Maini, Anil Kumar. Digital electronics: principles, devices, and applications / Anil Kumar Maini. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/DIGITAL-ELECTRONICS-ANIL-K-MAINI-PDF.pdf Digital Electronics Principles Devices and Applications


The three-dimensional gas-liquid hydrodynamic behaviors in bubble column reactor with different distributors are numerically simulated.The Euler-Euler two fluid model and the RNGκ-e turbulence model are adopted to study the influences of distributors on gas-liquid flows in the bubble columns.The parameters including the total gas holdup,the liquid velocity vectors,the radial distribution of time-averaged gas holdup and axial liquid velocities,are obtained from the simulations,which is in good agreement with the experimental results in literature.This research also demonstrates that the asymmetric behavior is enhanced with the uniformity of distributors,which helps the radial mixture between gas and liquid but has no effect on the total gas holdups.


EARLY FINDINGS from staff satisfaction surveys by NHS trusts reveal that only one in 20 nurses believe they have good employers.


The demand for wheat will be increased 60 % compared to existing by 2050 and the wheat productivity of Nepal is lower than world's average productivity. Therefore, it is important to increase the yield potentiality of wheat. This research was conducted for the estimation of variability and association among yield and yield components of wheat. The experimental field was designed in alpha lattice design with 20 diverse wheat genotypes considering 12 important traits. In variability analysis, thousand kernel weight (TKW) had maximum values for the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) (11.83%) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) (12.14%) indicating the presence of high variation in TKW. The number of spikes/m2 (NSPM) and grain yield (GY) showed higher values for heritability (82.62% and 58.95%) and GA (73.36 and 456.25). These traits have additive gene action and are less affected by the environmental condition. Plant height (PH) had significant positive correlation with GY (0.346) and chlorophyll showed highly significant negative correlation with GY (-0.448). NSPM and PH had a maximum positive direct effect (0.375 and 0.347), chlorophyll content had maximum negative direct effect (-0.234) and days to heading (DTH) and days to anthesis (DTA) showed a positive indirect effect on GY. The selection of genotypes with higher values of PH and NSPM along with moderate or low chlorophyll content is a prerequisite for attaining a higher yield in wheat. Genotypes having longer DTH, DTA and days to maturity (DTM) should be considered during selection of genotypes to obtain higher yield.


Since its advent in 1982, implantable venous access systems have become increasingly utilized in health care as a convenient way to perform repeated blood draws and administer medications, particularly chemotherapy (1, 2). Between 1992 and 2011, placement of longterm central venous access devices in Medicare beneficiaries increased by 303% nationally, from 76,444 to 307,838 (3). Of the devices, chest ports play a critical role in patient care and minimize disruption to a patient's life-style (4, 5).


Left ventricular elastance is the intrinsic mechanical property of the chambers that generates pressure for a given volume, but the dynamics of the ejection flow are characterized by the ventricular impulse in early systole. The purpose of this study was to characterize the ejection dynamics in the human hypertensive heart according to the concept of ventricular impulse and elastance. Nineteen hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy (HT-I), 42 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (HT-II), and 43 normotensive subjects (NT) were studied by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The maximum ejection force (Fmax; kdyne) and the end-systolic wall stress/end-systolic volume index (ESWS/ESVI; kdyne/cm2/ml/m2)were examined as indexes of maximal impulse and elastance, respectively. Fmax was calculated on the basis of the unsteady Bernoulli equation. With regard to impulse and elastance in NT, Fmax was 43.7 ± 6.1 and ESWS/ESVI was 2.26 ± 0.78. In the hypertensive groups, HT-I showed normal Fmax (46.0 ± 5.5) with a significantly higher ESWS/ESVI (3.52 ± 1.12, p < 0.01 vs. NT), and HT-II showed a significantly lower Fmax (34.4 ± 7.2, p < 0.01 vs. NT) with normal ESWS/ESVI (2.65 ± 1.38). There was a significant inverse correlation between Fmax and left ventricular mass index (r _ 0.45, p < 0.001). This study shows for the first time the dissociation of maximum impulse and maximum elastance in the human hypertensive heart. The characteristics of elastance are well preserved, but those of the impulse are not preserved in the hypertensive hypertrophied heart. Further more, this dissociation is observed from the undetected hypertrophic state in the human hypertensive heart. (Hypertens Res 1994; 17: 123-131)


1. Methylaplysinopsin is an indolyl‐methylene derivative of creatinine which was isolated from a sponge collected on the Great Barrier Reef.


The article compares selected chapters devoted the problems of mind (anima) from two philosophical courses by Georgii Konyskyi, taught at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in 1747-1749 and 1749-1751 academic years. As Konyskyi taught his first course using verbatim Teofan Prokopovych's philosophical course of 1706-08 academic years, the article compares the doctrines on mind by these two Mohylian authors. It also shows the evolution of Konyskyi's views.
There are common elements between the philosophy of mind of Prokopovych and Konyskyi: their interpretations of Aristotle's definition of the soul; the scholastic concept of the man as an integral mind-body entity; the problem of the unity and multiplicity of forms. It is shown that Prokopovych and Konsyskyi understood the three-level structure of a human soul in the same way as Francisco Suarez and Rodrigo de Arriaga.
However, there are some differences between these two Mohylian professors. They interpreted differently sensitive and intellectual cognition. Prokopovych upholds the scholastic doctrine of species. Konyskyi, in his second course, abandons this doctrine and defends the doctrine of impressiones. They are developed by the phantasmata – not received from objects. The impressions are modifications of animal spirits by direct or indirect impact of objects on senses of a human being or any other animated being. In the doctrine on intellectual powers, Prokopovych upholds the scholastic distinction between active and passive intellect. Konyskyirejects this common for scholastic tradition distinction and considers that passive intellect can do full-scale intellectual activity. The influence of Early Modern philosophy, especially Cartesianism, was the reason why Konyskyi changed his position.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of a particular control doctrine applied to the service mechanism of a queuing process. A bilevel hysteretic control based on queue length control levels is employed in an M/M/1 queuing system. Expressions are obtained for queue length probabilities, the first two factorial moments of queue length and two figures of merit for describing control performance under the assumption of statistical equilibrium. Computational examples illustrate the effects on queuing processes subject to this type of control. Several cost formulae are considered for comparison of costs when the queue control doctrine is varied. Situations in which hysteretic control is useful are discussed.


Water is a crucial input for agriculture, for good crop production. In today's scenario, application of technology in agriculture field is very much needed as the time and resources are becoming limitation and costly. Mobile applications are becoming handy for any kind of work which can be done using mobile, internet and various softwares. This study is based on a detailed study of Mobile applications for irrigation scheduling for farmers' field. The result of study reveals that real time use of Mobile application on agricultural field helps farmers to be aware about irrigation methods, irrigation water amount, crop water requirement, irrigation time etc. Also, real time application of Mobiles, connect farmers with current global scenario. Mobile applications are found effective Information Technology measure for extension of information and service provider for farmers of Digital India.


In a previous paper the authors have developed a mean field theory for the dipolar Frenkel excitonic insulator (EI) phase of an impurity at infinite dilution in a liquid solvent or disordered matrix, a situation of experimental relevance. Based on this, they here present numerical results for the location of the EI transition, and the impurity dipole moment in the dipolar EI phase, using linear classical liquid state theories. For a non-polar polarizable solvent, the authors consider impurity and solvent atoms of (i) identical hard-sphere diameter, and (ii) differing hard-sphere diameter. They also generalize the previously studied model to allow for dipolar polarizable solvent molecules, and present example results. The authors consider in particular the case of alkali metal atoms dissolved in methylamine, and conclude that a dipolar EI phase is possible for Li and Cs.


BACKGROUND: Allogeneic transfusion stimulates Th2 (humoral) immunity. A hypothesis was developed that WBC reduction, by reducing the Th2 stimulus associated with transfusions, might reduce RBC alloimmunization.


There are a lot of disputes on the ownership of garage in multi-dwelling buildings recently.Whether the garage should be owned by the estate developer or by the dweller is still a question unsettled.The Draft of Property Law prescribes that the ownership should be settled by agreement between the estate developer and the dweller.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the legal character of garage and comment on the draft.According to the analysis on the regulations on garage of multi-dwelling buildings in other legal jurisdictions,we find two models to deal with the ownership of the garage and both could run effectively according to systematic arranges.As an owner could not get the title of a building unless he grants the right to the land first,so subordinate buildings without appropriate right to the land should belong to mutil-dwelling building owners.The draft of property law sets agreement by the parties as the first principle to settle the disputes,which permits that the two models to apply but ignore that some kind of garages should belong to dwellers no matter what the agreement says.


A study was undertaken to make clear the invisible injury of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) by the effect upon photosynthesis and transpiration of young plants of Helianthus annuus. Thus the variation of photosynthetic and transpiratory rate was measured simultaneously with SO2 concentration and relative humidity for plants in fumigating chambers aerated with the air containing relevant SO2 concentration.The depression rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, i.e., the ratio of the value under SO2 fumigation against that of the control, rose in accordance with the increase of ambient SO2 concentration up to 1 ppm. After SO2 introduction the depression of photosynthesis preceeded that of transpiration, suggesting the decrease of photosynthesis before stomatal closure, whereas the simultaneous recovery of both rates was observed after SO2 removal, though the recovery retarded to some extent in fumigation with higher concentration of SO2. Relative humidity and light condition in the chambers gave little influence upon the depression rate of photosynthesis, while in the shaded plants with shade leaves the depression rate considerably increased in every SO2 concentration.Lastly, SO2 was fumigated for 3 hr every day to see the effect of long term fumigation. After SO2removal every day, photosynthesis soon recovered, though not completely, and the photosynthesis on the next day showed somewhat lower value compared to that of the previous day. When SO2 was fumigated to plants pretreated with 0.3 ppm SO2 for 8 days (8 times of fumigation) the depression rate of photosynthesis was the same with those not pretreated, although the after. effect of long term fumigation appeared in the decrease of photosynthetic rate in normal air.


We quantify the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions that govern the formation of crystalline heptazine-based carbon nitride materials, currently of enormous interest for photocatalytic applications including solar hydrogen evolution. Key phases studied include the monomeric phase melem, the 1D polymer melon, and the hypothetical hydrogen-free 2D graphitic carbon nitride phase "g-C3N4". Our study is based on density functional theory including van der Waals dispersion terms with different experimental conditions represented by the chemical potential of NH3. Graphitic carbon nitride is the subject of a vast number of studies, but its existence is still controversial. We show that typical conditions found in experiments pertain to the polymer melon (2D planes of 1D hydrogen-bonded polymer strands). In contrast, equilibrium synthesis of heptazine (h)-based g-h-C3N4 below its experimentally known decomposition temperature requires much less likely conditions, equivalent to low NH3 partial pressures around 1 P...


Allozyme variation at 24 - 29 presumptive loci was used to examine the systematic relationships between Fijian bats and those from neighbouring areas such as Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Guinea and Australia. Genetic data indicate that the Fijian bat fauna contains highly divergent taxa as well as some populations that are virtually indistinguishable electrophoretically from conspecifics in neighbouring islands groups, particularly species shared with Vanuatu. The endemic Fijian monkey-faced bat Pteralopex acrodonta, had a level of distinctiveness from two of its congeners in the Solomon Islands comparable to that between different genera. There was also considerable electrophoretic variation within what is generally considered a single species, the northern freetail-bat Chaerephon jobensis. The Australian form, C. j. colonicus, shows levels of divergence from the Fiji/Vanuatu subspecies, C. j. bregullae, consistent with that of a distinct species. C. j. solomonis from the Solomon Islands appears to represent a third species within this group. Moderate levels of divergence were found within the one subspecies of long-tailed flying-fox Notopteris macdonaldii sampled from Fiji and Vanuatu. In contrast to Pteralopex and Chaerephon, close affinities were found between and within several other southwest Pacific bat species, in particular, the two different subspecies of insular flying-fox Pteropus tonganus from Fiji, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Low levels of genetic divergence were also found between P. tonganus and the morphologially similar spectacled flying-fox P. conspicillatus from Australia and New Guinea. The Samoan flying-fox Pteropus samoensis appeared to be most closely allied to the Temotu flying-fox Pteropus nitendiensis, from the Solomon Islands.


Modifications of Ross and Harary algorithm to express the number ck of cycles of length k in an undirected graph in terms of its adjacency matrix are developed. The general undirected graphs as well as bipartite graphs were considered. Computer algebra implementations of the algorithms enable us to construct the formulae at least for k ≤ 12 in general case and for k ≤ 14 in case of bipartite graph. It was shown that, for any fixed value of k ≥ 8 and space complexity quadratic in order n of a graph, the time complexity of computing ck is O(n[k/2] logn). In case of bipartite graph, for k = 8,10,14 better estimations are obtained: O(n3 log2n), O(n4 log2n), O(n6 log2n).