With the breakthrough of aviation technology,international civil aviation organization put forward the communication,navigation and surveillance(CNS) system based on performances.It is composed of required communication performance(RCP),required navigation performance(RNP) and required surveillance perfor mance(RSP).Meanwhile,the separation standard is required to be reduced in order to enhance airspace capacity and decrease delays.Therefore,the assessment of collision risk of vertical separation based on CNS performances has the vital significance.A position error model was established under CNS performances circumstances and a computation formula of vertical overlap probability and lateral overlap probability were deduced that were applied to collision risk model of Reich.Assessment of collision risk of vertical separation was conducted through an example.Computation result shows that the assessment model of collision risk of vertical separation based on CNS performances is feasible.


The contents of Chl a and Chl b in dark-grown leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Starke II, Weibull) irradiated for 20 h with light of different wavelengths and intensities have been measured. The amount of Chl b formed revealed a higher maximum in the Chl b/Chl a ratio for light most strongly absorbed by the phytochrome system and giving a high [Pfr]/[Ptot] ratio. This indicates a stronger enhancing effect of Pfr on Chl b formation than on Chl a formation. Similarities between action spectra for Chl a and b formation indicate that Chl b originates from Chl a. A comparatively high effectiveness of light within the wavelength range 500–550 nm as compared to the action spectrum for PChlChl phototransformation shows that PChl636, in addition to PChl650, takes part in the greening process.


The unit disk graph is a mathematical model for wireless sensor networks when all sensors have the same communication radius. There are two classical optimization problems on graphs, relevant to unit disk graph, models of mobile ad hoc networks, maximal independent set of nodes, that is also a dominating set, and minimum connected dominating set. We propose decomposition of connected unit disk graph into 1by-1 boxes and two new matrices corresponding to this graph (Packing matrix and Independent vertex matrix) for approximating maximal independent set. If the graph is bounded, then the considered problems can be solved in polynomial time. We prove this fact indirectly by presenting dynamic programming algorithm and show that these results are optimal. 2010 AMS Subject Classifications: 68R10, 05C69


OUR nation is in a period of program re-evaluation. Many programs may be eliminated, merged with others, or redirected as a result. This is especially true for soil and water conservation programs given the Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act (RCA), a tight federal budget, and replacement of a professional conservationist by a farm-oriented appointee as chief of the Soil Conservation Service.

Even as this re-evaluation is going on, however, there is one important issue that is not getting very wide public recognition or discussion. That is the issue of what role conservation programs and districts should play in nonfarm areas.

This issue was examined in depth in 1964 when the National Association of Conservation Districts established the Special Committee on District Outlook to study the strengths of districts and recommend future direction. Now is a good time to reflect on what direction committee members felt was important for conservation programs and the district movement.

In its report, "The Future of Districts, Strengthening Self-Government in Conservation and Resource Development," published at the conclusion …


Powdered zirconia and colloidal zirconia aqueous sols have been examined by diffuse reflectance and absorption spectroscopies and by photoluminescence methods in solid/gas and solid/liquid systems. The former system was examined following high-temperature treatment in vacuo and under reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. Studies of the influence of H2 and O2 on the photophysics of microparticles (powder) and nanoparticles (colloidal sols) of zirconia at solid/gas interfaces and the effects of free carrier scavengers (CH3OH and O2) on the photophysics at solid/liquid interfaces were undertaken to explore the correlation between surface chemistry and the nature of preexisting or photogenerated defect centers (e.g., F-type and V-type color centers). ZrO2 is an insulating, direct wide-gap metal oxide with an optical band gap of ∼5.0 eV; another optical transition occurs at 5.85 eV. The optical behavior depends on whether zirconia is preirradiated in the intrinsic (hν > 5.0 eV) or extrinsic (hν < 5.0 eV) absorpt...


In this paper, single slit diffraction and dowble slit diffraction of electron are taken for the examples of analysis of electron diffraction. Feynman's path integral theory is used to analyze quantitatively the electron diffractive state. This method is brief and clear.


ObjectiveTo explore the quality of life and related factors in Heroin addicts enforcing detoxification.Methods77 cases of heroin addicts were assessed by using QOLDA, MCMQ, SSRS.and State versus trait loneliness scales.Results1.Total scores of QOLDA,PS,ST have showed significantly distinction(P(0.01)) between the multi-detoxification group and the first-detoxification group; the injection group and the non-injection group.2.The factors of resignation, trait loneliness and state loneliness present negatively related to the total scores of QOLDA.ConclusionThe quality of life in Heroin addicts enforcing detoxification is related to some factors like times of freak-out, method of freak-out , resignation , loneliness. So psychological intervention is necessary during enforcing detoxification.


E vidence from police seizures of amphetamine and arrests for amphetamine use and possession, and surveys of recreational and injecting drug users, indicate that epidemic illicit amphetamine use re-emerged among young adults in most major Australian cities in the mid to late 1980s. 1 Unlike an earlier epidemic of illicit amphetamine use in the early 1970s, the epidemic of the 1980s seemed to be characterised by widespread experimentation with injection as a route of adminisfration.'> Spooner et al.,2 for example, found that 78% of a street intercept sample of 481 young illicit drug users aged 16 to 21 years had used amphetamine, and onethird had injected the drug. One-third of another cohort of 1245 injecting drug users recruited in Sydney in 1989 had injected amphetamine at some time, and 5% were daily iniectors."


The objective of this paper is to investigate similarities and differences between curricular orientations for teaching statistics at a Brazilian high school and the School of Sciences and Humanities (CCH) in Mexico. CCH is an important Mexican institution and one out of three high school systems offered by the National Autonomous University of Mexico. In Brazil, the curricular orientations are recommended in the National Curricular Parameters (PCN). Among the differences, the CCH's curriculum includes Inferential Statistics, particularly Estimation and Test of Hypothesis. Curricular orientations are similar in recommending collecting, organization and presentation of data; construction, reading and interpretation of graphics, tables, measures of central tendency and dispersion; observation of the random character of phenomena, construction of sample space and probabilities calculations, aiming to develop the statistics literacy of the students. Comparison between both curricular orientations may contribute to thinking about teaching statistics in high school.


Indian cheese (paneer) is an Indian acid and heat coagulated product. It is widely used as a base material for preparation of a variety of culinary dishes, stuffing materials for various vegetable dishes, snacks and sweet meats. Now-a-days there has been an increasing demand for low fat or no fat products, as a result of awareness of the harmful effect of excess fat in human health. The conventional paneer is quite rich in fat content, which not only pushes up the price of paneer but also makes it unsuitable to those consumers who are conscious of high fat as milk fat increases the risk of coronary heart disease. Increasing demand of low calorie and high fibre containing products give impetus to dairy industry for development of a well palatable low calorie dairy products like dietetic paneer.


We co~sider, in the ladder ~pproximation, the S-matrix for two spinless particles interacting through a massive scalar field. Residues of poles in the S-ma'trix are expressed in terms of normalized Bethe-Sal.reter amplitudes on the mass shell. In particular, residues are evaluated for zero energy-momentum states and some of them are rigorously shown to be non-zero. Furthermore, it is proved in the equal-mass case that residues for massive bound states can be obtained from those fo~ zero energy-momentum bound states, by means of a series expansion in powers of the bound state mass. In other words, any" massive state" of even po-parity is observable as a pole of the S-matrix, when the corresponding "zero energy-moment'um state" has a non-vanishing residue.


ABSTRACT Tho general solution of the problem of monochromatic radiation from an oscillating dipolo and characteristic radiation from a charge are investigated when they move along the direction of an external magnetic field. It is found that, generally, several waves exist in tho radiation zone, travelling in different directions with different anisotropic radial wave numbers. The anisotropy of gyro-eloctric-magnetic (gyrotropic) medium is characterized by tho dyadic form of tho permittivity ∊ and the permeability μ. For this general case, tho complete expressions for the fields are evaluated by considering the motion of an oscillating dipole and a point charge, by employing an approach differing from previous investigators.


OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between self‐reported sleep and nap habits and mortality in a large cohort of older women.


According to the feature of network transmission,the network culture construction of university propaganda needs to adapt the new transmission way of network,takes full advantages of network transmission,seizes the position of network propaganda,acts as the disseminator of theme,and enhances the construction of university spiritual civilization.Meanwhile,the construction of propaganda team needs to be strengthened,and the innovative consciousness also needs to be improved.


landlord, the methods by which a senatorial landlord avoided taxation both for himself and for his proteges, the advantages of state office to those who already enjoyed wealth and influence. Three pages of conclusions summarize once again the main argument, namely that Constantine 'reversed the anti-senatorial trend in government, which can be traced back to the military dynasts of the Republic', and that in the West this share of the aristocracy in government increased at the emperor's expense. There follow a selected prosopography (pp. 172-98), fasti, and statistical tables of provincial governors, vicars, and praetorian prefects in the West (pp. 201-19), lists of nobiles who appear as patrons, as comites, as holders of republican magistracies, as pagans, etc. (pp. 220-6), a bibliography (pp. 22737), an index, and a series of stemmata of noble families. A study of this kind depends in the last resort upon the accuracy of its prosopographical information. Many of Arnheim's identifications are qualified as 'probable' or 'likely'. Others will no doubt be queried by experts. But his argument does not stand or fall by the correctness of every identification. To impugn it one would have either to reject much of his prosopography, or to show that the arguments built upon it were fallacious or had implications that were demonstrably false. He has posed important questions connected with the collapse of Roman power in die west. His book will be the subject of further discussion and argument. In the meantime it is a model of what can be done with the material in the P.L.R.E. by a historian with an eye for big questions. Of course the P.L.R.E. gives only one side of the picture. We know who owned land, who held office, who married whom; we can discern the consolidation of great estates and the growth of the power and influence of their •owners. What we cannot see so easily, and what may always remain obscure to us in spite of the Theodosian Code are the corresponding changes in the status and life-style of those who actually worked the estates and paid the taxes. Which was cause and which effect? This is not Arnheim's problem, but it is a question which should be in the mind of readers of this balanced study •ofa social elite.


De-icing of aircraft by using the electro-magnetic impulse phenomenon was proposed and demonstrated in several European countries. However, it is not available as a developed system due to lack of research on the basic physical mechanisms and necessary design parameters. The de-icing is accomplished by rapidly discharging high voltage capacitors into a wire coil rigidly supported just inside the aircraft skin. Induced eddy currents in the skin create a repulsive force resulting in a hammer-like force which cracks, de-bonds, and expels ice on the skin surface. The promised advantages are very low energy, high reliability of de-icing, and low maintenance. Three years of Electo-Impulse De-icing (EIDI) research is summarized and the analytical studies and results of testing done in the laboratory, in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel, and in flight are presented. If properly designed, EIDI was demonstrated to be an effective and practical ice protection system for small aircraft, turbojet engine inlets, elements of transport aircraft, and shows promise for use on helicopter rotor blades. Included are practical techniques of fabrication of impulse coils and their mountings. The use of EIDI with nonmetallic surface materials is also described.


The reachability problem for a given set of initial term, a goal term, and a term rewriting system (TRS) is to decide whether the goal one is reachable from the initial one by the reduction of the TRS or not. The innermost reduction is the strategy that rewrites innermost redexes, the outermost reduction is the one that rewrites outermost redexes, and the context-sensitive reduction is the one in which rewritable positions are indicated by specifying arguments of function symbols. In this paper, we show some classes such that the reachability problem is decidable or undecidable with respect to the innermost reduction, the outermost reduction, the context-sensitive reduction, or the context-sensitive innermost reduction. We used the common approach based on the tree automata technique for proving decidability of reachability. We show algorithms to construct a tree automaton recognizing the set of terms reachable from a given term by reductions of TRSs in some classes with respect to the given strategy. We prove undecidability of reachability by reducing the Post correspondence problem, which is well-known as an undecidable problem, to reachability problems. Moreover, we formalize controlled term rewriting systems (CntTRS), which are combinations of term rewriting systems with constraints to select possible rewrite positions, and we show some properties for them. The constraints are specified, for each rewrite rule, by a selection automaton which defines a set of positions in a term based on tree automata computations. We show complexity results on reachability and the regular model checking problem, which is the intersection emptiness problem of the rewrite closure of a regular tree language and another regular tree language.


A perception of the importance of measuring overhead costs led Church to analyze the totality of management. Among the first to formulate a comprehensive theory, he studied management in historical depth and defined it as a distinct function with identifiable components that could be manipulated in the interest of greater efficiency.


Robotic surgery is an innovative, minimally invasive technique, which has already proved its advantages in the operative-technical field by providing ergonomics, three dimensional (3D) visualization of the operative field, more precise dissection in narrow spaces, etc. The additional time needed for docking of the console and collision (internal and external) between the robotic hands is a part of the specific difficulties related to this type of surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze the position of ports and their efficiency in robotic rectal surgery based on our initial experience with this type of surgery in the University Hospital of Pleven- Bulgaria as well as to seek for additional anatomical landmarks to improve the work process. The initial experience with robotic rectal resections for rectal cancer revealed that the recommended distance of 8 cm between the ports doesn't provide sufficient efficacy. Additional topography anatomical landmarks are required for personalized preoperative planning of port positions and enhanced effectiveness of the robotic system in rectal cancer treatment. Further studies in this field are necessary.


Spontaneous pneumomediastinum has been rarely described in patients with interstitial lung disorders. We present a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who developed this complication during the course of treatment.


The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of world oil prices,the dollar exchange rate, and inflation on economic growth in oil exportingcountries at the organization of Islamic cooperation. The purposive samplingmethod used to Determine the 5 nation that fulfill the requirements needed.The Data used in this research is secondary Data Obtained from variousinternational statistics institute. This study uses a quantitative approach andpanel regression analysis of data that combines time series of data and crosssection data.The result of research with Fixed Effect estimation models shows thatthe impact of world oil prices, the dollar exchange rate, and inflationsimultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth in oil exportingcountries at the organization of Islamic cooperation. The other result showsthat inflation partially does not have impact on economic growth in oilexporting countries at the organization of Islamic Cooperation, meanwhileother independent variables of the USD exchange rate and world oil pricespartially have positive and significant effect on economic growth in oilexporting countries at the organization of Islamic cooperation during theperiod 1985-2016.


Co-located collaborative Web browsing is a relatively common task and yet is poorly supported by conventional tools. Prior research in this area has focused on adapting conventional browsing interfaces to add collaboration support. We propose an alternative approach, drawing on ideas from tabletop interfaces. We present WebSurface, a novel tabletop interface for collaborative Web browsing. WebSurface explores two design challenges of this approach: providing sufficient resolution for legible text; and navigating through information. We report our early experiences with an exploratory user study, in which pairs of collaborators gathered information using WebSurface. The findings suggest that a tabletop approach for collaborative Web browsing can help address limitations of conventional tools, and presents beneficial affordances for information layout.


The cold wear of brake disc is a phenomenon related to judder and other kinds of vibrations. The mechanism and the parameters concerning the cold wear of the disc are the basis for the comprehension of the sources of brake induced vibrations. As a continuation of prior research, a tribometric study was conducted with different disc materials: grey cast iron and inox steel. The wear rates of the above materials were measured at different pressure levels and with the same initial temperature. A parametric model was developed to correlate disc thickness variation (DTV) measurements of the different friction couples with variables affecting DTV. The final model of disc cold wear takes an easy form compatible with the proposed mechanism of wear. The balance among oxide layer-transfer, layer growth and heterogeneous wear is determinant for DTV formation and consequently, brake induced vibrations.


Diastereomeric peptides, isomers in which one or more of the chiral centers have been converted to the opposite configuration (R or S, d or l), often possess different biological activities and/or conformational properties. Therefore, the separation and determination of diastereomeric peptides is important in life sciences and particularly significant to the pharmaceutical industry for quality control of peptide synthesis and stability as well as for regulatory requirements. Diastereomers differ in their physicochemical properties that can be utilized for their determination by numerous techniques. In contrast to many other methods such as optical rotation, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, or infrared (IR) spectroscopy, separation techniques such as chromatography or capillary electrophoresis (CE) allow the sensitive and simultaneous identification and quantification of peptide diastereomers.

This chapter covers analytical-scale separation of peptide diastereomers by chromatographic methods, including paper chromatography (PC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and CE. HPLC is currently the predominantly used method for peptide diastereomer separations. However, owing to the high resolving power, particularly for polar compounds, CE has been applied to the separation of diastereomeric peptides in recent years. The chapter focuses on methods employing achiral stationary phases or buffers without chiral additives for the separations, although some examples of such separations, i.e. the use of chiral columns or chiral mobile phase additives, are mentioned. Moreover, only diasteromeric peptides containing natural amino acids will be discussed.


This study investigated the combined influence of stochastic surface roughness patterns and a magnetic field produced by an infinitely long wire on the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure in journal bearings lubricated with ferrofluids. According to our results, the magnetic field can raise the dimensionless pressure, improve the dimensionless load capacity and reduce the modified friction coefficient, especially at high eccentricity ratio. However, these bearing Characteristics are also influenced by surface roughness pattern depend on the length to diameter ratio λ, and the critical value of λ equal to 0.6, 0.95 and 1.8 in this study.


Integrating the properties of computer algebra systems and dynamic geometry environments, Geogebra became an effective and powerful tool for teaching and learning mathematics. One of the reasons that teachers use Geogebra in mathematics classrooms is to make students learn mathematics meaningfully and conceptually. From this perspective, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether instruction with Geogebra has effect on students' achievements regarding their conceptual and procedural knowledge on the applications of derivative subject. This study adopted the quantitative approach with pre-test post-test control group true experimental design. The participants were composed of two calculus classrooms involving 31 and 24 students, respectively. The experimental group with 31 students received instruction with Geogebra while the control group received traditional instruction in learning the applications of derivative. Independent samples t-test was used in the analysis of the data gathered from students' responses to Applications of Derivative Test which was subjected to them before and after teaching processes. The findings indicated that instruction with Geogebra had positive effect on students' scores regarding conceptual knowledge and their overall scores. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between experimental and control group students' scores regarding procedural knowledge. It could be concluded that students in both groups were focused on procedural knowledge to be successful in learning calculus subjects including applications of derivative in both groups. On the other hand, instruction with Geogebra supported students' learning these subjects meaningfully and conceptually.


We have made a simple loop-type thermoacoustic engine that will be used for a refrigerator and examined a temperature gradient in the stack and pressure amplitude of oscillation along the loop tube by changing supplying heater power, the mesh size of stack, and the charge pressure of helium gas in the loop tube. The temperature gradient in the stack decreases remarkably in the small values of ωτ and increases in the large values of ωτ as ωτ increases, where ω is the oscillation frequency and τ is the thermal relaxation time between stack materials and helium gas. This result shows an optimum value of ωτ in the minimum onset temperature gradient of oscillation. We have tried to find the efficiency of energy conversion in the stack by assuming that the acoustic wave could be expressed as the superimposition of the standing wave component and the progressing wave component that attenuates linearly along the loop. It is found that the maximum efficiency in this work was about 30% and the energy losses in the stack may depend on its mesh size.


A novel method using MATLAB to simulate the grating diffraction with computer is presented. The panorama of grating spectrum can be showed in this simulation experiment, it makes easy to analyze the characteristic of the grating and convenient for teaching optical theory and experiments. It can offer a new way to design the related CAI.


Exophytic hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which may present with a wide variation in clinical presentations and imaging findings. Thus it may cause diagnostic dilemma and may need a multidisciplinary approach management tailored to individual patient for a better outcome. Here we reported a case of a patient with exophytic hepatocellular carcinoma mimicking an intraperitoneal sarcoma.


................................................................................................... ARABIC ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................... INTRODUCTION................................................................... CHAPTER TWO..................................................................... REVIEW OF LITERATURE..................................................... 2.1 Sunflower classification ................................................. 2.2 Growth habit ................................................................... 2.3 Adaption of Sunflower....................................................... 2.3.1 Temperature ................................................................... 2.3.2 Light and photoperiod ....................................................... Page i ii iii vi ix x 1 1 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10


According to the Redfield Dynamics theory,the excitation energy transfer process in FMO can be obtained by using the quantum master equation including the consideration of the interaction with environment.Through resolving the exciton population distribution,it is clearly seen that the excitation energy is transferred mainly along two paths,and the quantum effect is crucial to the transfer process.


The type of damage to the pavement layer is cracking and permanent deformation. The mechanism of cracking in the pavement layer occurs because of the tensile force at the bottom of the pavement layer due to the wheel load of the vehicle. One parameter of a mixture to achieve strength and durability as needed is the relationship of stress and strain which shows the stiffness of a mixture. Indirect Tensile Strength is a method used to show the stiffness of a mixture. As infrastructure development in Indonesia continues to increase, the availability of natural aggregate materials is decreasing. One of the uses of geopolymer can be used as artificial aggregates to replace the depleted natural aggregates. The purpose of this study was to review the stiffness modulus of concrete asphalt mixture with the use of artificial aggregates made from geopolymer by using open gradations of BBA (Beton Bitumineux pour chausees Aeronautques). From the test results using the Dynapave UTM30 tool at 20 °Celsius and 60 °Celsius, stiffness modulus values of the asphalt mixture are 3542 MPa and 147 MPa. The increase in temperature causes a decrease in the stiffness modulus value of 96%, so that the increase in temperature will be accompanied by a decrease in the stiffness modulus.


In this work we describe the spectral properties of the daily medium temperature fluctuations measured from 1951 to 1989 in Hungary. We compare our observations with the experiments of Libchaber and co-workers, in which the local temperature fluctuations were measured in a helium cell. We suggest that the dynamics of the daily temperature fluctuations is determined by the soft turbulent state of the atmospheric boundary layer


This paper explores differences in the temperature and precipitation in which individuals were found to ride within a large naturalistic riding data set. The data included in this analysis describe approximately 363,000 miles of riding by 98 participants. Trips include travel in over 40 states, as individuals rode for both transportation and pleasure. GPS location data from the motorcycles, combined with historic weather information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration databases, permitted the investigation of gender, motorcycle type, and installation locations, and their relationship to observed weather conditions during rides. Analyses showed motorcyclists prefer to ride in temperatures between 48°F and 82°F and under dry conditions when possible. If one lives in an area that experiences those temperatures year-round, then it can be expected that trips will continue year-round. If a rider lives in an area with distinctive seasons, those months where the temperature stays within that average range will contain the most rides.


In order to design and realize multiple wavelength bandpass filters for image sensors, we have investigated optical multi-layer dielectric filters. The filter design is based on a chirped Bragg grating which is approximated by a stack of two alternatively deposited dielectric materials. Multi- layer stacks have been simulated with the rigorous chain- matrix method. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the stacks have been obtained by the multiplication of the respective 2 by 2 characteristics matrices of each layer. Moreover the period and chirping of the discrete chirped of the discrete chirped Bragg gratings have been optimized to match the blue spectral response. The filter band has been designed to transmit the 400-500nm wavelengths and to reflect the other visible spectrum wavelengths. Single layers of silicon oxide and silicon nitride have been deposited using a PECVD process. The characterization of these layers have been made by ellipsometry, and has led to a modification of the nitride deposition process to improve its optical characteristics. The compete stack has been deposited on a quartz substrate, and the reflectance and the transmittance have been measured. The next step is to improve the deposition process.


One of the primary mission objectives for the Mars 2020 rover is to drill rock core samples and store them in tubes that could be retrieved and returned to Earth on subsequent missions. A major cha...


The necessity of legislative consolidation of the principle of justice in criminal proceedings is proved. The content of this principle and conditions of its realization are disclosed


PEB co-hosted a symposium entitled "Invention, Maintenance, and Renewal of Urban Educational Facilities: Global Challenges and Community Solutions" with the American Institute of Architects' Committee on Architecture for Education and the CEFPI Urban Education Facilities NE Chapter in October 1999. The meeting aimed to provide arguments and evidence for system managers seeking to secure resources for maintenance as well as to sharpen their abilities to use those resources well. Below are excerpts from the symposium papers, including keynote presentations and workshop reports.


With the rapid development of computer network technology,technically supported learning community has been popularized and promoted in teaching practice.Naturally,its building and developing becomes a worthwhile topic in teaching practice.Besides the experience of successful learning communities,it also needs the theoretical guidance from sociology,education,technology and ecology.


The bibliotherapeutic publication that is central to this chapter is Katharine Smyth's All the Lives we ever Lived, a touching memoir of her father's illness in which the reading of Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse provides the necessary consolation. The topic of literature's consolatory powers is related in this chapter to Donald Winnicott's analyses of 'comforters', what the British pyschoanalist labels 'transitional objects'. The chapter also engages in a discussion of what David James calls 'discrepant solace'.


03 |
0:00:00 Start
0:02:05 The atmospheric environment
0:05:37 Turbulence
0:18:42 Richardson Number
0:20:55 TKE and the turbulence spectrum
0:22:26 Boundary layers
0:26:31 Some basic concepts and formulae
0:29:27 Structure of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer
0:32:39 Dimensional Analysis
0:36:47 Neutrally stratified surface layer
0:38:00 The ubiquitous Log law
0:39:58 Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory in the ISL
0:45:33 Canopy turbulence and the roughness sublayer
0:51:41 The Roughness Sublayer and Inertial Sublayer
0:56:17 Foliage-atmosphere exchange processes at leaf level: aerodynamic drag
1:03:21 the canopy airspace; Aerodynamic drag as a fluid body force
1:05:07 The worm in the bud
1:10:07 Canopy flow Statistics
1:12:40 Organized structures in canopy flows
1:18:34 large eddies dominate canopy transport and TKE
1:25:06 Summary


An analog translator for the IEEE 1394 serial bus by which it is possible to use an analog device as a part of a home network when the analog device is connected to the IEEE 1394 serial bus and a translating method thereof are provided. The analog translator includes a plurality of ports to which analog devices are connected, a status register for showing which analog devices are connected, a configuration ROM for storing the information on the connected analog devices, a controller for setting the corresponding bit of a status register assigned to an analog device, reading the bit status of the set status register, and recording connection information of the analog device to the configuration ROM which refer to the bit status of the status register, when an analog device is connected to the port, a 1394 interfacing unit for receiving a packet data from the IEEE 1394 bus, checking whether the packet data corresponds to the node thereof, and disintegrating packet data and thus removing a header from the packet data when the packet data corresponds to the node thereof, a storing unit for storing payload data removed of a header from the 1394 interface, a destination unit extractor for decoding the payload data of the storing unit and extracting information on the destination analog device of the payload data, and a data translating unit for translating the payload data removed of the information on the destination analog device into analog signal. According to the present invention, it is possible to interface both analog and digital devices in realizing an IEEE 1394 home network.


Starting from 2D Peierls-Emery Hamiltonian in the hole representation the relationship between the electronic and local structure in BaBit.xPbxO3 and Bal.xK~BiO3 perovskites has been investigated. I attempt to provide some grounding in the model of charge disproportionation: 2Bi~---> Bi ÷3 + Bi*3L 2. Calculated local structure of parent BaBiO3 agrees reasonably well with those supplied by XAFS and XRD measurements. Both breathing and tilting distortions of the Bi-O bonds were found. Evolution of the local structure with hole(electron) doping was evaluated numerically and compared with EXAFS data. The low temperature anomalies in the local structure of BaBiO3 are discussed.


The key problem of integration in Yangtze delta area is benefits allocation and harmonization.Ruhinstein set up a bargain model for offer-counteroffer.The model has three implications,First,it is about discount coefficient;Second,it is about first move advantage and second move advantage;finally,it is about accept principle as soon as.Based on the model,the paper studies the benefits share mechanism of Yangtze Delta area,and thinks that there are two-level behavior main bodies including the government and the firm.It is important for integration of Yangtze Delta area to build the consultation mechanism between governments and co-operation mechanism between firms.


The paper attempts to test the long-run asymmetric equilibrium relationships between real investment and trade openness. Using Jordanian data, over the period 1976 to 2014, the study has failed to reject the null hypothesis of no cointegration with threshold at a conventional level of significance among variables. Therefore, cannot find evidence of asymmetry in the relationship between real investment and trade openness.


Automaton-based representations of task knowledge play an important role in control and planning for sequential decision-making problems. However, obtaining the high-level task knowledge required to build such automata is often difficult. Meanwhile, large-scale generative language models (GLMs) can automatically generate relevant task knowledge. However, the textual outputs from GLMs cannot be formally verified or used for sequential decision-making. We propose a novel algorithm named GLM2FSA, which constructs a finite state automaton (FSA) encoding high-level task knowledge from a brief natural-language description of the task goal. GLM2FSA first sends queries to a GLM to extract task knowledge in textual form, and then it builds an FSA to represent this text-based knowledge. The proposed algorithm thus fills the gap between natural-language task descriptions and automaton-based representations, and the constructed FSA can be formally verified against user-defined specifications. We accordingly propose a method to iteratively refine the queries to the GLM based on the outcomes, e.g., counter-examples, from verification. We demonstrate GLM2FSA's ability to build and refine automaton-based representations of everyday tasks (e.g., crossing a road), and also of tasks that require highly-specialized knowledge (e.g., executing secure multi-party computation).


Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and their specific animal communities shelter a variety of microorganisms that colonize the entire gradient of biologically compatible temperatures from the mouths of the well-known "black smokers" to the surrounding ocean floor (2 °C). Black smokers release many inorganic substances that can promote chemolithotrophic bacterial growth. Heavy metals may be also released by hydrothermal vents: a substantial fraction will be precipitated but one cannot exclude that some will remain bioavailable in some niches of the hydrothermal vent ecosystem and may exert toxic effects (Llanos et al., 2000). From this perspective, it is of interest to screen the vent ecosystem for bacteria that display plasmid-born resistance to heavy metals as is the case in other natural (or anthropogenic) biotopes that contain high levels of these chemicals (Mergeay, 2000). The present report focuses on the mesophilic microbial communities of the deep-sea hydrothermal sites Genesis and Grandbonum of the Eastern Pacific Rise (12°45' N, 103°59' W) (depth : 2600 m).


Mice were exposed to a beam of 157-Mev protons, and the dose-mortality cuve was determined. For the lethal effect on mice irradiated in toto, the biological efficiency of the protons, relative to 20-kv x rays, is 0.77 plus or minus 0.1. (tr-auth)


Most research on new product and service development by entrepreneurial firms takes an individual‐level, prelaunch perspective or firm‐level postlaunch perspective. Our study examines two components of the new product and service introduction process: how entrepreneurs' prior knowledge underpins (1) firm technological innovation prior to the introduction of new products and services (prelaunch) and (2) postlaunch viability of those new products and services. Our findings, based on a series of analyses of data from 158 entrepreneurial firms, show that formal technological innovation fully mediates the relation between prior knowledge and the introduction of viable new products and services.


The surface tension σ of aqueous solutions of normal alcohols (from methanol to n-butanol) was measured in the temperature range between 278 and 303 K using the Wilhelmy plate method. The surface entropies are calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of specific interactions of the hydrophobic parts of the molecules adsorbed at the interface. It is concluded that increasing surface concentration of alcohol molecules causes their rearrangement at the surface, similar to phase transition. This process depends on the symmetry of molecules.


We derive an extended version of the well-known Lyth Bound on the total variation of the inflaton field, incorporating higher-order corrections in slow roll. We connect the field variation Δϕ to both the spectral index of scalar perturbations and the amplitude of tensor modes. We then investigate the implications of this bound for 'small field' potentials, where the field rolls off a local maximum of the potential. The total field variation during inflation is generically of order mPl, even for potentials with a suppressed tensor/scalar ratio. Much of the total field excursion arises in the last e-fold of inflation and in single field models this problem can only be avoided via fine-tuning or the imposition of a symmetry. Finally, we discuss the implications of this result for inflationary model building in string theory and supergravity.


The study is devoted to the preparation of antimicrobial Ag-containing bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics based on carbonated hydroxyapatite and to the determination of the dependence of its phase composition and microstructure on the synthesis temperature. Composite ceramics was obtained by sintering powders of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), synthesized as a result of a reaction between calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid, with the addition of silver nitrate. Ceramics were sintered at 900 and 1000 °C temperatures, i.e., temperatures below and above the melting point of silver. X-ray analysis, electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy showed that synthesis at a 900 °C temperature (below the melting point of metallic silver) produces a two-phase composite based on CHA with inclusions of silver nanoparticles smaller than 50 nm in size. From X-ray analysis, with an increase in silver concentration, the lattice constant a remains practically unchanged, while the constant c ‒ increases. This behavior, due to the significant difference in the ionic radii of calcium and silver (Ca2+ ‒ 0.99 Å, Ag+ ‒ 1.28 Å), usually leads to the preferential substitution of Ca(1) sites in the CHA and a linear increasing in the lattice parameters of the CHA with the Ag concentration. That is, even at relatively low temperatures, as a result of the solid-phase reaction in CHA, partial replacement of calcium ions by silver ions occurs and Ag-substituted ceramics are formed. At temperatures above 1000 °C, a single-phase silver-substituted product is synthesized where part of the Ca2+ ions is replaced by Ag+ ions. At the same time, the lattice constant c continues to increase, and in the electron microscopic images only the apatite grain structure is visible without any inclusions. Sintering of composite ceramics at a temperature when silver is in the liquid phase and more easily dissociates into ions compared to the solid phase, results in a single-phase silver-substituted ceramic.


By analyzing and studying the fan products,software programs have been compiled based on consumers′needs.In addition,the parametric digital design and innovative combination of design have contributed to achieving the rapid design and good performance of fan handicrafts.The study has led to the development of prototype system of computer-aided intelligent design,improving the design efficiency of fan products.


The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) administers the Federal Government's major program of support for research in mental health. NIMH conducts and supports research into the etiology, treatment, and prevention of mental and emotional illnesses and research on many public health problems related to mental health. The many biological, genetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors which affect and shape mental health and mental illness are studied through NIMH-supported research in hospitals, universities, mental health centers, and community settings. The research, services, and training grants and contracts that appear below were selected for inclusion here on the basis of their direct relevance to schizophrenia. Each grant or contract has been categorized under the administrative component of NIMH that is involved with its funding and monitoring: the Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, the Division of Extramural Research Programs, the Division of Manpower and Training Programs, the Division of Mental Health Service Programs, the Division of Special Mental Health Programs, Office of the Administrator, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, and the Office of Program Development and Analysis.


Advanced English is a credit course of the junior and senior students majoring in English.It is a comprehensive course and a course difficult to teach as well.Teachers teaching this course are required to be well equipped with comprehensive knowledge,and meanwhile they need to adopt communicative language teaching,so as to develop the self-teaching ablility of the students.The second class activities should be promoted,and the study inside and outside the class should be effectively combined.Therefore,students of multiple ablilities can be trained to meet the demand of the construction of the socialist modernizations in our country.


This chapter analyses the potential role that human rights law can play when control over natural resources is associated with loss of life. It examines three different approaches. The first focuses on livelihood and examines situations where life is in danger for lack of access to natural resources essential to sustaining life, and explores how the right to life can be interpreted to include access to essential natural sources such as water and food. The second approach focuses on accountability for crimes during 'resources conflicts', and examines the relationship between international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law with the objective of analysing the criminal approach to armed conflicts connected to natural resources. The third approach relates to the protection of individuals who have lost their lives, or whose physical integrity is in jeopardy, as result of their personal engagement to protect natural resources. It focuses on the rights of 'environmental defenders' and 'land and natural resources defenders'—those who have become human rights defenders as a result of their actions taken to protect natural resources.


Transit fare prepayment programs grew rapidly during the past decade with most companies today offering riders several prepayment options. The growth has not been without its costs. The manual provides transit managers with the information and tools necessary to make informed decisions on the design and pricing of fare prepayment plans. Included is information on the true benefits and costs of operating fare prepayment plans. Guidelines on selecting the appropriate plans and distribution methods are presented, as are guidelines on pricing fare prepayment plans in order to capture passenger revenues. A series of straightforward equations are also provided to assist the transit manager in estimating the impacts of changes in a fare prepayment program. The report contains a glossary of terms, a bibliography and a discussion of some fare prepayment demonstration projects.


Aim: The aim of this study is to find relational connections (interdependence) between the two most general categorical aspects of a neuron, i.e., between the form (morphology) and its function, using as a model for this task dentate nucleus neurons. Furthermore, the configuration of the dentatostriate nucleotopic inter-cluster mapping of the dentatostriate neural network is investigated in order to determine mutual, inter-neuronal, neuromorphofunctional remote influence, i.e. the neuromorphofunctional relations at the level of a neural network.Materials and methods: (Semi) virtual dentate and neostriate adult human neuronal samples were used. Neuromorphological parameters of each neuron have been directly measured, i.e. experimentally determined, whereas the corresponding neurofunctional parameters have been theoretically obtained. The neuromorphological parameters determine the following properties of a neuron: neuron shape, compartmental length and size/ surface, dendritic branching, complexity and organization of neuronal morphology. The group of neurofunctional parameters determines functional aspects of action potential (AV/AP), as well as neurofunctional properties of the perikaryodendritic compartment of a neuron. Data analysis is performed using response surface (RSM) modeling, along with partial least-squares (PLSR) and principal component regression analysis (PCR), accompanied by canonical and Pearson correlation analysis. A stepwise algorithm formulates the complete data analysis.Results: Obtained RSM models represent response-predictor relations, where a neuromorphological/functional response parameter is expressed as a function in terms of parameters of other category (morphology/function). Additionally, RSM modeling is also used to decipher the symmetry of the dentatostriate inter-cluster neural network by the corresponding inter-cluster inter-nuclear mapping, using so-called integral parameters/variables, obtained on a computational, theoretical manner. The obtained network is a fully connected, symmetric, Hopfield neural network.Conclusion: Neuronal morphology and function are definitely interrelated and depend on each other. By intensity, however, this interconnectedness can be treated as mild to moderate. It is determined by elementary neuromorphofunctional relations, observed at the macroscopic, phenomenological level, i.e. only through measured parameters as their observable and explicit manifestation without considering the microscopic, molecular causality of them. These relations are the strongest when acting upon a single neuron and their mutual remote influence on each other weakens in neural circuits and networks up to 10% of deterministic relational interconnection strength observed at the level of single neuron relations.


By using Fourier optics analyzing method, the expression to the far field of combined beams is deduced and the expressions for the coherently combined beams emitted from sources positioned on the circle have been given.For the cases where the sources are uniformly distributed,the dark lines in the far field are studied for beam numbers of 2,3 and 4,respectively.It is found that when the sources number is 2,there are only dark lines(instead of rings) on the far field pattern and when the sources numbers are 3 and 4,the dark rings are far from being the circles.Since Fourier optics method is easy to implement and can be applied to non-Gaussian beams(such as those from the fiber lasers,semiconductor lasers,etc.),so it possessed unique advantages and is of practical significance.


PCK is the abbreviation of "Pedagogical Content Knowledge",and is the most effective knowledge of teaching in teacher's knowledge category.This article has introduced its research context abroad,its conception,components,structural model and methods to detect it.The article also indicates that teacher educators should attach importance to PCK.


We study the effects of delta-function periodic kicks on the Floquet energy-momentum dispersion in graphene. We find that a rich variety of dispersions can appear depending on the parameters of the kicking: at certain points in the Brillouin zone, the dispersion can become linear but anisotropic, linear in one direction and quadratic in the perpendicular direction, gapped with a quadratic dispersion, or completely flat (called dynamical localization). We show all these results analytically and demonstrate them numerically through the dynamics of wave packets propagating in graphene. We propose experimental methods for producing these effects.


A simple algorithm is described, that estimates the diurnal evolution of the height of the atmospheric boundary layer using a reduced data set of surface layer parameters, as obtained for example from standard surface automatic stations. The routine is based on the combination of the Batchvarova-Gryning model (1991) for daytime and on both Tennekes-Niewstadt (1981) and Yamada (1979) models, in a slightly modified form, for night-time. Hourly values of temperature, friction velocity and potential temperature scale (or sensible heat flux) in the surface layer need only to be supplied as input data The calculated surface inversion profile at sunrise gives an estimate of the temperature gradient on the top of the growing daytime mixed layer, so that only a rough evaluation of the lapse rate in the free atmosphere remains eventually to be given, where necessary in the final part of the growth. The routine has shown satisfactory performances when compared with sodar measurements.


Interdigitated sensor device based on antibodies marked with conductive nanoparticles and method for the detection and quantification of substances in liquids. Comprises an array of electrodes (4.1.1) interdigitated upholstered antigen to react with antibodies labeled with conductive nanoparticles that after substances provide to detect and quantify, the sensor being a part of antibody captured by the electrodes and elsewhere is captured by the molecules to detect and quantify competitively reacting to the antigen, with such labeled antibodies, including means for detecting variation in the electrical properties of the electrode array, caused by labeled antibodies captured by said layer of antigen. The method comprises performing a first measurement of the electrical properties of electrodes interdigitated with antigen, applying a solution of labeled antibody and a substance to be detected, performing a second measurement and comparing the measurements.


Today, there is a need to assess the historical development of small cities in Russia in order to identify urban planning conflicts in the urban environment and determine promising directions for their resolution. This study is aimed at analyzing existing urban planning conflicts and disclosing the resource potential of the territory of historical buildings in the center of a small town on the example of Valuyki, Belgorod region. The authors uses conflictological and complex approaches. The analysis of the planning, functional and transport structure of the city is carried out. The analysis of the cultural heritage objects of the historical center based on historical and cultural reference plan of the city center is compiled. The current state of the riverside territories of the river Valuy in the central part of the city has been reviewed. A number of urban-ecological conflicts leading to the degradation of the coastal zone have been identified. Urban planning conflicts of the city center (social-functional, land-use, transport, etc.) are also identified and classified, their types are determined by the type of location (linear, point, areal), their participants and possible directions for their solution are identified. The promising directions of the development of the historical center of the city and the likelihood of the emergence of new types of activities for cultural heritage sites have been determined.


Maintenance management decisions can have repercussions in consequences for the companies for the operation cost and reliability, which means that the definition of the maintenance policy more appropriate to the analysed context has a great importance. The literature has been showed that the use of the opportunistic maintenance for to define the maintenance policy has provided good results related to cost and reliability. Moreover, evaluate periodically the state of the component through inspections can be a good way to avoid failures, but inspections actions are not always perfect, and a probability of errors can be considered. Thus, the present thesis present the development of an analytical model for the minimization of the maintenance cost-rate per unit time, which also calculates the mean time between operational failures, whose main contribution is the consideration of imperfect inspection. In order to investigate the impact of inspections quality in the results of the model, a numerical application was carried out considering 3 situations, firstly all the maintenance actions are performed by a local team with maintenance costs and inspection quality lower, in the second situation, the maintenance actions are performed by a specialized team, with cost and inspections quality higher. The third situation deals the use of both teams with different functions, which provide the possibility of adaptation for the analytical model. In addition, a multicriteria decision model using MAVT was developed to determine the best maintenance policy considering with criteria the maintenance cost-rate per unit time and the mean time between operational failures.


The contemporary tendences emphasize the use of so-called inquiry-based learning (IBL). However, there remains a question – by which ways should be the active inquiry of pupils induced? The author of this article finds the answer in the union of the theory learning tasks and theory of the inquiry-based instruction. Via the analytical and comparative approaches, it turns out that two categories of the inquiry tasks can be used. The first one was provisionally marked as "instructive inquiry tasks", the second one as "inquiry tasks with internal activation". Both stated tasks have different essence in how are the pupils induced to perform the inquiry learning activities.


Objective To evaluate the influence of black dots,isolated line above the best correct visual acuity and multiple lines containing the best correct visual acuity in the accuracy of Jackson cross cylinder examination.Methods Forty students were chosen(11 males,29 females,between 24 to 29 years old).Routine examination of phoropter was used to check under the maximum plus to maximum visual acuity(MPMVA) status.The sequence of three fixation targets was chosen randomly.Astigmatism chart was used to judge the best one when the different results were obtained.Results Among the 80 eyes of 40 students,12 eyes were spherical(the cylinder degree below 0.25 DC).The response of three fixation targets was the same in 19 eyes(27.9%),23 eyes(33.8%)were sensitive to the black dots target,14 eyes(20.6%)were sensitive to the isolated line above the best correct visual acuity,12 eyes(17.6%) were sensitive to multiple lines containing the best correct visual acuity.Kruska Wallis Test was used to detect the difference among three groups.No significant difference was found(χ2 =4.026,P=0.134).Conclusion According to the efficiency of examination,communication and judgment,black dots target is recommended although no difference is detected among three fixation targets.


The hot deformation behaviors of a self-developed zinc based alloy which could replace HPb59-1 brass used as structural pieces were investigated by means of the isothermal compression test.The flow stress of the zinc based alloy during isothermal compression decreases with temperature,and increase with the strain rate. Temperature is enhanced obviously with increasing the strain rate.The flow stress of the zinc alloy during isothermal compression can be described by Zener-Hollomon parameter model.


This research adopts survey to investigate undergraduates' social skills and vocational development,and explores the relationship between social skills and vocational development.Results show that there are remarkable differences among different categories of students in social skills;students in diffierent grade have remarkable diffierences in vocational development;regression finds that undergraduates' social skills level is an effective variable to forecast students' vocational development.


Objective To observe the changes of intraocular pressure(IOP) following silicone oil tamponade for vitrectomy,and explore the possible causes. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients(45 eyes) undergoing silicone oil tamponade for vitrectomy were retrospectively analysed,and IOP elevation was defined as IOP of 24 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) or higher. Results Postoperative IOP elevation occurred in 22 patients(48.9%),especially in the early period after operation(2 weeks after operation)(17/22,77.3%).After using IOP-lowering drugs and adjusting or cessation of glucocorticoid eyedrops,the elevated IOP in all patients was controlled within normal limits.There was no significant difference in gender,age,course of disease,refractive diopters and volume of silicone oil tamponade between patients with and without elevated IOP(P0.05 for all). Conclusion IOP elevation is a common complication following silicone oil tamponade for vitrectomy,and postoperative intraocular tissue edema,uveitis reaction and frequent use of glucocorticoid eyedrops may be the main causes.


The β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a transmembrane aspartyl protease involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and in myelination. BACE1 initiates the generation of the pathogenic amyloid β-peptide, which makes BACE1 a major drug target for AD. BACE1 also cleaves and activates neuregulin 1, thereby contributing to postnatal myelination, in particular in the peripheral nervous system. Additional proteins are also cleaved by BACE1, but less is known about the physiological consequences of their cleavage. Recently, new phenotypes were described in BACE1-deficient mice. Although it remains unclear through which BACE1 substrates they are mediated, the phenotypes suggest a versatile role of this protease for diverse physiological processes. This review summarizes the enzymatic and cellular properties of BACE1 as well as its regulation by lipids, by transcriptional, and by translational mechanisms. The main focus will be on the recent progress in understanding BACE1 function and its implication for potential mechanism-based side effects upon therapeutic inhibition.


This work analyzes he relationship between availability of medical care, employment and education. Strong interdependence of these variables is the central assumption of care strategies with funds originated in labor for access to private medical care offer. Results indicate that there is no significant dependence between education and medical care availability or between education and employment. Bivariate analysis indicates that employment and education are significantly related in those cases of completion of educational cycles, whether high school or university. Factorial analysis yields two definite dimensions. The first groups employment and the availability of medical care, and the second employment and education. The weakness of the relationship suggests the convenience of directing the strategy of access to medical care by strengthening the public sector.


A Master of Science thesis in Mechatronics Engineering by Alexander Avdeev entitled, "Artificial Intelligence Based Identification of the Attitude Dynamics for a Quadroto UAV," submitted in December 2014. Thesis advisor is Dr. Khaled Assaleh and thesis co-advisor is Dr. Mohammad Abdel Kareem Rasheed Jaradat. Available are both soft and hard copies of the thesis.


Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, which leads to demyelination of nerves. Treatment with interferon beta is one of the best approaches to reduce recurrence and progression of the disease. The aim of this study is to search for the relationship between 4 polymorphisms FokIrs10735810, TaqIrs731236, ApaIrs797532 and BsmIrs1544410 located in the vitamin D receptor in MS patients responsive and non-responsive to interferon beta treatment and pave the way for the correct and fast administration of the appropriate drug, as well as reducing time, cost and lack of success in treatment.
Methods: The type of study is observational and the study method is case-control. Blood samples were taken from 200 MS patients who were treated with interferon (100 responders and 100 non-responders). Using PCR-RFLP technique, the samples were subjected to enzymatic digestion with restriction enzymes ApaI, FokI, TaqI and BsmI. The data were evaluated using SPSS version 16, SNP Analyzer and Prism software, and K-tests and logistic regression.
Results: A significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of ApaI (p=0.68), BsmI (p=0.65), FokI (p=0.57) and TaqI (p=0.50) polymorphisms in the patients between the two responsive and non-responsive groups to treatment was not observed.
Conclusion According to our findings, there was no significant correlation between ApaI, FokI, TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms located in vitamin D receptor gene and response to treatment.


Introduction: Uterine fibroids are common findings in women and are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. They are seen in approximately in 25–35% women of reproductive age varying from 30–40 years of age and are common in nulliparous or women of low parity. Fibroids might lead to a variety of symptoms including heavy periods, pain and difficulty to conceive. Even problems with pregnancy such as miscarriage and premature labor are also very common.Material and Method: An elaborated clinical trial was designed to evaluate effectiveness of homoeopathic medicines in LM potencies vis-a-vis CH potencies, in patients suffering from uterine fibroids in our homeopathic medical college and hospital. An informed consent was obtained from each patient before the trial and the study was pre-approved by the ethical board of our institute. A total of 47 patients were included in the study conducted for 18 months. Results: Group A (23 patients) received initial medicine in 0/1 potency. One globule (poppy-seed size) of the desired potency was dissolved in 120 ml of distilled water, containing 2.4 ml (2% v/v) of dispensing alcohol, premixed in it, followed by ten uniformly-forceful downward strokes given against the bottom of the phial. The medicine was given once daily in the morning, with an empty stomach as long as improvement continued for the patient. Group B (24 patients) received medicine started with 30C potency, three times a day for 3 days.Conclusion: Irrespective of the potency scale, the homeopathic medicine has shown considerable reversal of the symptoms and improvement in the quality of life.


Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of Ca and K was conducted in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves. Larger amounts of Ca and K were detected in the xylem than in the mesophyll tissue. The X-ray images of both the elements increased in intensities in samples from trees receiving gypsum and foliar sprays with CaCl2. Conversion of the X-ray images into graphical data produced a better quantitative comparison of element concentrations. The range of Ca concentration in the xylem of 206 to 350 ppm compared favorably with that reported in the literature for xylem sap of assorted tree species, including apple trees.


Convolutional neural network (CNN) is widely used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and has achieved relatively good results. Since the convolutional layer of CNN can be initialized by encoding important semantic features, CNN can extract important semantic features in the convolutional layer. The pooling layer of CNN uses the feature of max-pooling to filter the features, but it does not consider the key information in the sentence and the context semantic information in the text. Therefore, a novel neural network algorithm combining with the attention mechanism and the pooling layer is proposed in this paper to make the model pay attention to the keywords in the sentence and automatically maintain the most meaningful text message, thereby improving the performance of text classification. Our paper uses important information features to initialize the convolution filter so that the model can notice the important semantic features. The resulting feature is enhanced by combining the attention mechanism in the pooling layer, so that the model can maintain the important information features of the text. Experiments show that the proposed model achieves excellent results for multiple text classification tasks, including sentiment classification and topic classification.


A solution of the inverse problem concerning finding aerosol size distribution for a multifrequency lidar system working on a small number of wavelengths is proposed. The solution involves a best- fit method of finding parameters in a pre-set formula of particle size distribution. A comparison of results calculated with the algorithm from experimental lidar profiles with PMS data collected in Baltic Sea coastal zone is given.


Co-Pd/TiO2 catalysts added with different surfactants were prepared by sol-gel method,and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption,NH3 temperature-programmed desorption.The results indicate that the surfactant has significantly influences on catalyst property.The addition of surfactant can promote the specific surface,increase the strength of catalyst surface acid,enhance the dispersion of active metal on the catalyst surface,which increases catalytic activity of synthesizing acetic acid.The Co-Pd/TiO2 catalyst with the cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide has higher catalytic activity,and the formation rate and selectivity of acetic acid is up to 20.06 mg/(gcat·h) and 70.80%,respectively.


Commercial corn breeding and trait integration have changed modern corn production. In recent years, technology advances for control of insects, weeds, and diseases have improved corn yield levels significantly. Conventional breeding continues to be the foundation of new inbreds (parent lines) for hybrid development. Another method of inbred development is called doubled haploids. This methodology results in non-segregating or fixed inbreds lines. These are coupled with biotechnology applications such as transformation, genomics, and molecular markers. These applications help researchers better understand plant function and allows for development of improved yield performance or disease resistance.


An indirect genetic effect (IGE) is a heritable effect of an individual on the trait values of other individuals it interacts with. A bivariate analysis of harvest weight and survival was conducted by fitting an animal IGE model in ASReml to data from the GIFT strain. The estimated total heritable variation was 0.32±0.09. We observed substantial contribution by IGEs to the total heritable variation. The negative direct-indirect genetic correlation, 0.38±0.19, indicated low competitive phenomena in GIFT population. The results obtained in this study, coupled with the evidence from livestock, suggest that the inclusion of IGEs in selection decisions will help increase aquaculture production and at the same time promote fish welfare due to less competition in the population.


This "how-to" guide describes and illustrates the basic techniques for performing a range of facial cosmetic surgery procedures, including rhinoplasty, rhytidectomy, mini face-lift, forehead/brow-lift, blepharoplasty, genioplasty, management of the neck, otoplasty, and skin rejuvenation. Ideal for experienced and novice surgeons alike, residents in training, and those needing to review for board examination.


The massive annotation workload has always hindered the progress towards an automatic analysis of gigapixel whole-slide images. Histologically, individual patches from a constrained spatial region may share rich phenotypic information, where the morphological correlations have the potential to be mined for a grouping or clustering task. In this paper, we propose a clustering technique to extract multiple mutual information from histology images without prior domain knowledge. Specifically, our framework automatically localizes morphologically homogeneous patches within an extended solution space. Our novelty is an expanse and the pattern with which invariant information can be learnt, in contrast to the current literature of feature generation or parametric transformation within an individual patch. Additionally, structure-independent, the model may be applicable to any backbone convolutional neural network architectures. The empirical validation on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets illustrates an observable margin of patch-level classification accuracy in comparison with state-of-the-art unsupervised approaches.


According to the present invention discloses a novel hair washing and conditioning composition, comprising in a cosmetically acceptable medium: (A) a washing base agent, and (B) a conditioning system comprising at least one cationic and a mixture of polymers, the mixture comprising at least one amino silicone and at least one grafted silicone polymer comprising two parts, wherein the two parts are: a polysiloxane portion and a non-silicone partially alkoxylated modified organic chains, one of the two portions constituting the main chain of the polymer, while another portion is grafted onto the backbone. This composition has an improved hair effect. The present invention can be used for washing the hair, and hair care.


"This land is your land, this land is my land. This land was made for you and me", sang Lady Gaga during halftime of the 2017 Superbowl held in Houston, Texas on 5 February 2017, only one week afte ...


The classical restricted three-body problem is extended to account for the effects of radiation pressure and the Poynting-Robertson effect on a particle with a surface-to-volume relation such that radiation pressure forces are nonnegligible moving in the gravitational field of two larger, orbiting bodies. The positions of the L4 and L5 Lagrangian points are found as functions of the ratio of radiational to gravitational forces. The inclusion of the Poynting-Robertson effect, however, is found to render the L4 and L5 points unstable on a time scale which is long compared to the rotation period of the two massive bodies. The results imply that space colonies with solar facing adjustable sails may be able to remain stationary at any heliocentric distance between a planet and the sun, and may provide a mechanism for producing asymmetries in the interplanetary dust cloud.


In the background of globalization,international communication force has been one of the dispensable abilities for domestic media to compete internationally.Closely related to economic development,the communication force of financial report is of greater significance.Media of China have accumulated rich experience in enhancing communication force,ranging from improving media technology of content coverage,optimizing resource allocation, innovating means of transmission,increasing media brand recognition to constructing positive effect by skillful wording and information processing.It has taken on a favorable trend of larger coverage of news,better journalistic planning and more localized news report.


Savannah River Site (SRS) is improving uranium accountability at its fuel fabrication facility through measurements of {sup 235}U in samples taken from uranium/aluminum alloy melts. Since area personnel desired a method that would minimize mixed waste, low volume samples are prepared from dissolutions of production melt grab samples. The solution assay monitor (SAM) analyzes for {sup 235}U gamm-rays by using a high-efficiency germanium well detector. The detector`s high counting efficiency permits analysis of small samples (7 mL) from these dissolutions, and the counting geometry minimizes sample geometry uncertainties. Counting each sample for thirty minutes delivers excellent precision across the calibration range of 3 to 12 g uranium per liter. As shown by interlaboratory calibration, the gamma-ray spectrometer provides overall (counting, calibration, geometric,...) uncertainties less than 0.7% one sigma. Gamma-rays from a reference source, used to provide live-time corrections, are collimated to avoid absorption by the sample in the detector well. Since sample masses are small, minor self-attenuation corrections are calculated from chemical composition data rather than determined in separate transmission measurements. This avoids employing short-lived transmission sources for self-attenuation corrections.


Worldwide, there are benefits that accrue to children or adults who engage in physical activities (Johnson, 2009). Within this context, this study sought to find out the conditions under which students with disabilities participate in Physical Education in Zimbabwean schools. A purposive sample of 72 teachers and 15 heads of schools who are students of Great Zimbabwe University participated. The research was largely qualitative, gathering data through a survey that used an open ended questionnaire for teachers and focused interviews for school heads. The typical experiences in schools are a complete denigration of the children with disabilities. Evidence indicates that children with disabilities are pitied and reduced to spectators. Teachers lack competencies to handle children with disabilities. Values, orientations, norms and practices in schools are skewed against children with disabilities and school facilities are just but exclusionary closures to them. The study argues that a well defined and coherent programme that inculcates habits of inclusion in teachers, heads, fellow children and the community at large around a set of shared values, beliefs and knowledge about inclusion be promoted in Zimbabwean schools. Further studies that include the disabled pupils themselves as subjects could be carried out to get the effect of exclusionary factors on children with disabilities in Physical Education. 2 Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, Vol. 2, No. 8 [2011], Art. 5 http://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ejie/vol2/iss8/5


The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Models which are used in the software development process provide the control over the execution process and help to track the project progress. In this whole process, performance testing stage comes quite late and that is limited to the load testing where the system is tested against predefined number of concurrent users doing various transactions in the predefined pattern. This process gives the fair idea about the performance of the developed application but this is not adequate to test the impact of data volumes as test database is populated with the bare minimum data which is needed for the functional testing. The data retrieving from a table having 100 rows will be definitely faster than a table having 10 millions rows. Impact of volume of data is not getting considered in the performance testing process and this holds the developer/tester back from assuring the performance in the production environment. This is very critical issue as the information systems are becoming more and more complex and it is very common these days where database sizes are in hundreds of GBs. The tools available in the market and the existing methodologies are suitable for the production environment but not effective in the development environment. This creates a gap between database application development and its deployment in the production environment. Therefore assuring the performance against high volume is an indisputable problem faced by the application developer and tester. In this paper, we have discussed a tool "SQL-PASS" (SQL Performance Assurance Services) based on database emulation technique and its integration with SDLC process which helps in validating and assuring the SQL performance at different stages of SDLC. General Terms SQL Performance


A comparative analysis of four sets of fuel price forecasts is made for each of the four primary energy sources: coal, oil, natural gas and uranium. These forecasts, together with historical data over the period from 1960 to 1977, are presented in graphical and tabular form to the year 2000. A graphical summary is then made of a synthesized forecast considered most likely for each fuel, plotted in common units of 1977 cents per million BTU, showing relative trends among competing energy forms.


Halpern's work supported in part by NSF under Grant IIS-0090145, a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Fulbright Fellowship, and a grant from the NWO. Sabbatical support from CWI and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem is
also gratefully acknowledged.


provided. Tetrahydropteroylglutamate can, however, only be used if cobalamin is present. 4. The formaldehyde derivative of tetrahydropteroylglutamate can servewithboth strains both as source of folic acid coenzyme and of C1 units provided again that cobalamin is present. 5. Growth of either strain in the presence of cobalamin enhances the ability ofultrasonic extracts of the organisms to methylate homocysteine. 6. Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide abolishes the requirement for both glucose and diphosphopyridine nucleotide.


Minoritized Students in STEM Pathways at Community Colleges Michael Jason Babcock Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Mark Windschitl Department of Curriculum and Instruction Community colleges are a prominent academic pathway for future scientists, engineers, and mathematicians, and serve as a gateway to higher education for traditionally marginalized student populations. Because of this, community colleges are uniquely positioned to combat the underrepresentation of African American, Latino/a, Native American, and Pacific Islander students in STEM. Research on students of color in STEM, however, has traditionally focused on K-12 schools and four-year colleges and universities, leaving a gap in our understanding about the role of community colleges in shaping student intentions to pursue STEM careers. To address that gap, this study examined students as they pursued a degree in STEM at a community college, for the purposes of contributing to our understandings of students of color in these environments. Utilizing science identity framing and longitudinal multi-case study methods, this study followed thirteen students as they navigated the community college and made decisions regarding their pursuit of a future in STEM fields. Specifically, this study illuminates the racialized nature of STEM at a community college, student thinking around choices to opt into or out of STEM, and the decision-making around choices to persist. Insight into the social and contextual factors underlying students' persistence demonstrates that students of color (especially women of color) do encounter hostile experiences within STEM contexts at community colleges, but how they respond to those hostilities influences persistence. Students who attribute hostilities such as micro-aggressions to the biases of others are more likely to persist. Students who do not attribute those hostilities to others are more likely to assume their experiences are attributable to the fact they do not belong in STEM. The findings establish the importance of recognizing and acknowledging the racialized and gendered nature of STEM, both in academic settings and at home, for those working to find belonging in fields where they have traditionally been excluded.


With the purpose of modeling, specifying and reasoning in an integrated fashion with procedural and declarative aspects (both commonly present in cases or scenarios), the paper introduces Logic Programming Petri Nets (LPPN), an extension to the Petri Net notation providing an interface to logic programming constructs. Two semantics are presented. First, a hybrid operational semantics that separates the process component, treated with Petri nets, from the constraint/terminological component, treated with Answer Set Programming (ASP). Second, a denotational semantics maps the notation to ASP fully, via Event Calculus. These two alternative specifications enable a preliminary evaluation in terms of reasoning efficiency.


Piezoelectric, magnetic and shape memory alloy (SMA) materials offer unique capabilities for energy harvesting and reduced energy requirements in aerospace, aeronautic, automotive, industrial and biomedical applications. However, all of these materials exhibit creep, rate-dependent hysteresis, and constitutive nonlinearities that must be incorporated in models and model-based control designs to achieve their full potential. Furthermore, models and control designs must be constructed in a manner that incorporates parameter and model uncertainties and permits predictions with quantified uncertainties. In this presentation, we compare the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models for a cantilever beam with an applied PZT patch to illustrate parameter estimation in the presence of model discrepancy.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


A few years ago, Schaffrin and Iz (2008) generalized the traditional Kalman filter in such a way that it could handle observation equations with errors-in-variables. This approach led to what has since become known as Total Kalman Filtering (TKF). A drawback, however, was that the usual "data snooping" techniques were no longer applicable in the same manner. Therefore, in the presence of outliers, new search techniques need to be devised in order to accommodate for those errors-in-variables with non-zero expectations. In this contribution, an attempt will be described to prepare a suitable algorithm for this purpose in the context of mobile mapping. INTRODUCTION For Mobile Mapping applications that are oftentimes based on the integration of GPS and INS and possibly further sensors, algorithms from the Kalman filter family are usually chosen which after linearization can be best derived in a Dynamic Linear Model (DLM). More often than not, however, the matrix in the observation equations is also filled with measured quantities and must, therefore, be considered as affected by random errors. This generalization eventually led to the formulation of the Total Kalman Filter by Schaffrin and Iz (2008). While the Total Kalman Filter can optimally reduce the influence from all the random errors (EIV), it is certainly not immune against the occasional outlier that may occur in any of the measurements, no matter whether they belong to the observation vector or the coefficient matrix. Hence, an attempt to identify/estimate such outliers is in order and will ultimately lead to a "data snooping" procedure similar to the one developed by Baarda (1968) for the simple Gauss-Markov Model. In the following chapter 1, the standard EIV-Model will be reviewed, and two of the most popular algorithms will be presented that both are able to generate the TLS solution quite efficiently. Afterwards, in chapter 2, the observation vector on the left side is allowed to contain one outlier at a time which needs to be estimated. Moreover, its effect on the other estimated parameters ought to be determined as well; ultimately, a decision must be made as to whether this effect is tolerable or not. Finally, the far more complex case of an outlier in the coefficient matrix is considered in chapter 3, and formulas for its estimation are given, before some conclusions are drawn in chapter 4. Archives of Photogrammetry, Cartography and Remote Sensing, Vol. 22, 2011, pp. 377-387 ISSN 2083-2214


Deconvolution of a noisy signal in a periodic band-limited wavelet basis exhibits visual artifacts in the neighbourhood of discontinuities. This phenomenon is similar to that appearing in denoising with compactly-supported wavelet transforms and can be reduced by "cycle spinning" as in Coifman and Donoho [3]. In this paper we present an algorithm which "cycle-spins" a periodic band-limited wavelet estimator over all circulant shifts in O(n(log(n))2) steps. Our approach is based on a mathematical idea and takes full advantage of the Fast Fourier Transform. A particular feature of our algorithm is to bounce from the Fourier domain (where deconvolution is performed) to the wavelet domain (where denoising is performed). For both smooth and boxcar convolutions observed in white noise, we illustrate the visual and numerical performances of our algorithm in an extensive simulation study of the estimator recently proposed by Johnstone, Kerkyacharian, Picard, and Raimondo [8]. All figures presented here are reproducible using the software package.


The tourism industry as a sunrise industry occupies an important position in the growing of national economy. With the more and more highly competitive market, many tourism enterprises have been focusing on the ERP system. The research on ERP seems to be very important to the performance of the tourism enterprises in China. Abstracting samples from the listed tourism enterprises and treating NCF、ATO、ROA、OIGR as the indexes to measure the performance, the author conducted empirical analysis and found the fact that the implementation of ERP system can improve the performance of tourism enterprises; the performance of the tourism enterprises with ERP system is better than that of the tourism enterprises without ERP system; small-scale companies have advantages in implementing ERP system obviously. The research has some realistic meaning for tourism enterprises to improve the consciousness of ERP implementation and to promote the market competitiveness. KeywordsERP; Tourism Enterprises; Performance; Empirical Analysis


No biological marker has been identified that predicts the development of lipodystrophy (LD). We investigated whether metabolic and body composition parameters could predict the development of LD over 2 years in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).


After reviews and speculates the course of urbanization in China, this article indicates that the course of the Chinese urbanization is not an isolated process, however, it was restricted and impacted by the international strategic pattern in different historical periods. So it is necessary to understand and evaluate the process with reference to the international background. The author tries to make a criterion for the "good" urbanization policies based on the international competition.


Red mud is a kind of fine particles which with a strong alkalin value. The paper used red mud powder to prepare red mud-rubber composite for the feasibility of recycling about red mud. XK-160 open-mixing machine, QLB Series vulcanizing machine, multifunction electronic tensile machine, JC-1086 rotary roller, fluorescence spectroscopy analyzer, BT-9300 laser particle size distribution analyzer etc were used for test. The results showed that red mud in rubber composites played as beneficiations added in rubber significantly.


Unpleasant smell and pollution are the side effects during the cattle ranch activities. That is the reason why the cattle ranch is placed far from the housing residents. The cattle ranch areas are usually not covered by the internet network, but it is also important to monitoring the pollutant in the cattle ranch. The pollutant gases are also produced during the cattle ranch activities such as hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and carbon dioxide. To classify the odor or unpleasant smell in the air, the electronic Nose (e-Nose) become an effective system to monitor and classify the odor in real time. This research, we proposed an e-Nose system that able to classify the odor in cattle ranch. The Backpropagation method is selected to create the e-Nose model. This e-Nose system is able to transmit data to server without the internet network. The Lora Network has been applied by using point to point method. The web application is also made to display the real time data monitoring and prediction of the odor. Based on our test, the e-Nose accuracy is 99% in real time prediction.


Looking the children as the independent persons and respecting their own human rights is the key content of the modern concept of child,which has a long course with several centuries.


The Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (NSWC IHEODTD) was tasked with the development of an Unintended Radiated Emission (URE) system (Figure 1) for the collection of wideband radio frequency (RF) data. Test facility sharing, large data file sizes (100 GBs), and ambitious production schedules added complexity to the data acquisition assignment. The solution would require clever and efficient automatic RF techniques in hardware selection, design, and also in software development. URE is used to identify electronic systems by their RF emissions. At the start of this project in 2012, there was little literature on URE, so the IHEODTD development team had to rely on innovation. Some similarity to the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) provided a starting point for the project. This paper will cover the evolution of the IHEODTD URE system hardware and algorithms, motivated by the need for greater system reliability and data throughput.


When we speak of "law," "legal order," or "legal proposition," ( Rechtssatz ), close attention must be paid to the distinction between the legal and the sociological points of view. – Max Weber (1922c: 1) By speaking of law and society we may forget that law is itself a part of society. – Lon L. Fuller (1968: 57) Recovering the sociology of law The development of the sociology of law cannot be told simply as it evolved since the sociological classics, for there is, in the case of this sociological specialty, no such history directly emanating from the discipline's earliest foundations. Although the classical scholars of sociology dealt with law elaborately on the basis of their respective theoretical perspectives, their works did not provide the initial onset for the sociology of law as we know it today. And even though there were scholars – especially in Europe – who sought to develop a distinctly sociological approach to law in the earlier half of the twentieth century, the so-called "sociological movement" in law that emerged in the years after World War II – especially in the United States – was primarily a product of the legal profession by way of some of the less practically inclined members in legal scholarship. These scholars sought to found a tradition of sociological jurisprudence and other perspectives of legal scholarship informed by social science in order to articulate an interest in the effects of law on society and, conversely, the influences of social events on substantive and procedural aspects of law.


Burnout and job satisfaction of the employees working in the migration and asylum sector in Greece are issues which have not been delved into during the migrant flow and the refugee crisis. The purpose of the research was to analyze the levels of both the burnout that the employees experience and also the job satisfaction of those working permanently in the Hellenic Ministry of Migration and Asylum. Examining the working conditions of this particular category of employees is of utter importance because it will enable the recording and comprehension of the factors causing work-related stress. In this way, appropriate measures can be taken by public administration, not only towards improving working conditions, but also towards upgrading the services provided to immigrants and refugees in our country.


This paper describes SyMPVL, an algorithm for the computation of multi-port transfer functions of RLC circuits. SyMPVL employs a J-symmetric Lanczos-type algorithm for multiple starting vectors to reduce the original circuit matrices to a pair of banded symmetric matrices. These matrices, which are typically much smaller than the circuit matrices, determine a reduced-order model of the original multi-port. The transfer function of the model represents a matrix-Pade approximation of the multi-port matrix transfer function. Numerical results for SyMPVL applied to interconnect simulation problems are reported.


Abstract : Most of the known explicit bounds, as well as criteria for global existence and boundedness, can be obtained from comparison theorems, together with a detailed analysis of the resulting first order differential equations. The same approach also yields information on the approach of a solution to a limit. The bounds given are sometimes difficult or impossible to calculate explicitly, but it is possible to give slightly weaker bounds, which are more easily calculated. The main conclusion to be drawn is that the comparison method provides not only a powerful tool for obtaining bounds for solutions, but also a unified approach to many such problems. (Author)


Strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium which produce abacteriocin-like-substance in vitro are shown to outgrow susceplcible, but not insusceptible strains when placed in mixed culture on the skin of the hairless-obese mouse under occlusion for 24 h.