Abstract : Leadership engagement is a key factor in changing an organization's culture. Leaders can start the culture development process by imposing their thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions on an organization. As a strategic leader, General Eric Shinseki, former Chief of Staff of the Army, saw a need to develop a common warrior ethos throughout the Army. In 2003, he stated that the Army has always embraced this ethos but that the demands of transformation will require a renewed effort to ensure that all soldiers understand and embody this warrior ethos. The 35th Chief of Staff of the Army, General Peter J. Schoomaker, embraced General Shinseki's vision and made it one of his top priorities. This strategy research project will examine how the United States Army reinvigorated the warrior ethos mindset into its institution by using embedding and reinforcing mechanisms. A model by Edgar H. Schein, the author of "Organizational Culture and Leadership," will be the principal tool used to examine how the Army changed its culture by placing emphasis on and redefining the expectations of a soldier as it relates to the warrior ethos. This application demonstrates the potential value of academic models in facilitating change in organizations.


One of the generally accepted indicators of the achieved economic development of one country and quality the life of its inhabitants represents the Gross Domestic Product expressed per capita, expressed in US dollars, taking into account the relative value of purchasing power of the national currency. It was precisely this indicator that served to categorize countries, by methodology World Economic Forum, according to the level of economic development of: highly developed countries, the countries of the middle level of development and the country of lower development. The categorization of countries has been made based on the dominant factor of the impact on GDP growth. Therefore, countries whose GDP growth is based on innovation (Innovation-driven), more efficient using production factors (Efficiency-driven), and the increased engagement of factors of production (Factor-driven). It was precisely the creation of this kind of indicators that made it possible to compare national economies respecting the same starting points. Precisely the ambient entrepreneurial conditions are the basic generator of support to entrepreneurial ventures.


We examine the stability of self-enforcing International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) among heterogeneous countries in a two-stage emission game. In the fi…rst stage each country decides whether or not to join the agreement while, in the second stage, the quantity of emissions is chosen by the countries. The model is based on analyzing quadratic bene…fits related to emissions and quadratic environmental damages. We consider two asymmetric groups of symmetric countries, which differ in environmental damages. The fi…rst type are the developed countries regarded as haves', while the second type are the developing countries regarded as 'have-nots 'according to OXFAM terminology. Apparently, climate change is highly unequal between countries, as developed countries have higher lifestyle consumption emissions compared to developing ones. We assume that developing countries have a steeper marginal environmental damage function compared to developed countries, since the latter have the resources and technologies to combat pollution. In this context, we refl‡ect that the climate change is a phenomenon driven mainly by the haves', which hits the 'have-nots'the hardest. To determine the stability of an agreement, we use the internal and external stability conditions as proposed by D''Aspremont et al. (1983). In their setting, an agreement is self-enforcing if no signatory country has an incentive to leave the agreement and if no non-signatory country has an incentive to further participate in the agreement, taking the membership decisions of all other countries as given. In our case, these conditions are examined for the two types of countries since stability requirements should be satis…ed by both groups. Obviously, for a while now, developed countries do not agree to cooperateby cutting their emissions unless and until rapidly growing developing countries step up to cut their emissions too. Our …ndings support this issue. Heterogeneity has grave implications on the scope of cooperation in comparison with the homogenous case. Introducing asymmetry into a stable under symmetry agreement disturbs stability. In fact, we provide a counter example where a stable coalition does not exist under asymmetry. The main reason is that the different cost structure leads to an asymmetric distribution of the gains and create stronger free-riding incentives. Hence, the realistic assumption that there are asymmetries between countries hinders the e¤ectiveness of IEAs. When a stable agreement is possible, it includes only developing countries con…rming that developed ones are not willing to cooperate by reducing their emission levels.


Wepresenta newalgorithm and framework for dynamic routing of bandwidth guaranteedflows. The problem is motivated by the need to dynamically set up bandwidth guaranteedpaths in carrier and ISP networks. Traditional routing algorithms such as minimum hop routing or widest path routing do not take advantageof any knowledgeabout the traffic distrib ution or ingress-egr esspairs, and thereforecanoften lead to severenetwork underutilization. Our work is inspired by the recentlyproposed"minimum interfer encerouting" algorithm (MIRA) of Kodialam and Lakshman, but it impr oves on their approach in several ways. Our main idea is to usea "traffic profile" of the network, obtained by measurementsor service level agreements(SLAs), asa rough predictor of the futur e traffic distrib ution. We usethis profile to solve a multicommoditynetwork flow problem, whoseoutput is usedboth to guide our onlinepath selectionalgorithm aswell as imposeadmission control. The offline multicommodity solution seemsvery effective at distrib uting the routes and avoiding bottlenecks around hot spots. In particular , our algorithm can anticipate a flow's blocking effect on groups of ingress-egr ess pairs, while MIRA only considersoneingress-egr esspair at a time. Our simulation resultsshow that the new algorithm outperforms shortest path, widest path, and minimum interferencerouting algorithms on several metrics, including the fraction of requestsroutedand the fraction of requested bandwidth routed. Finally, the framework is quite general and can be extendedin numerous ways to accommodatea variety of traffic managementpriorities in the network.


S: PART 1. PRE-1980 REFERENCES. (Selected from Acoustics A bstracts and Noise and Vibration Bulletin, published by Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd). EARLY REACTION OF THE BODY TO LOW-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC VIBRATION. N.I. Karpova, et al. Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. 1979, Oct. No. 10, 16-19, (in Russian). Experiments on humans and animals are reported in which they were subjected to infrasound vibration under conditions resembling those of the workplace. Within the first few minutes of exposure the infrasound produced central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and auditory system reactions which were most marked for infrasound of 10Hz, 135dB. Nervous functions most strongly affected were those regulating vital physiological functions. VIBRATING AND NOISY TOOLS I. CUTTING TOOLS FOR COACHWORK. E. Starhagen, L. Strom. A rbetsmilijolaboratoriet K TH, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden. 1979, 73 pp, (in Swedish). The frequency of use is determined of vibrating pneumatic tools in coachwork repair, principally, grinders, chipping hammers, scroll saws, drills and nut runners, in descending order. Tool testing and selection, in terms of undesired vibration, are also discussed. Effects of oil mists, grinding dust and accident hazards are assessed. Methods are recommended for worker protection. EFFECT OF VIBRATION ON TOTAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE IN THE FORE· LIMB OF THE DOG. A.J. Liedtke, P.G. Schmid. J. Appl. Physiol. 1969, Jan. 95-100. Experiments are reported that were designed to examine the effects of several levels of vibration on the peripheral vasculature with the perfused canineforelim b preparation. Whole-body, x-axis, mechanical vibration was at frequencies 9, 12 and 16 cis at various accelerations. Results show, inter al., that vasodilation occurs in response to each level of vibration in both intact and denervated forelimbs, and suggest that the dilator response is part of a nerve reflex involving stretch receptors. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF INFRASONIC GRADIENT MICROPHONES AND WINDSCREENS. B.B. Bauer. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1968, Nov. Vol.44, No.5, 1428-1436. The work currently in progress at CBS Laboratories on gradient microphones suitable for propagation studies is reviewed. INFRASONIC CUES FOR THE AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION OF SPEECH SOUNDS. L.L. Myasnikov, E.N. Myasnikova, M.Y. Pekel'nyi, A.I. Trilesnik. Soviet Physics-A coustics (trans. from A kusticheskii Zhurnal, 1968, Oct-Dec.). 1969, Apr-June. Vol. 14, No.4. 522-524. An account is given of some attempts to find characteristics of speech sound in the infrasonic frequency ranges. CORRELATION OF NATURALLY OCCURRING INFRASONICS AND SELECTED HUMAN BEHAVIOUR. J.E. Green, F. Dunn. Journal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica. 1968, Nov. Vol.44, No.5, 1456. An initial attempt is made to determine whether infrasonic waves generated by a storm of distant origin affect local human behaviour. LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE THRESHOLDS. N.S. Ycowart , M.E. Bryan, W. Tempest. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1969. May, Vol. 9, No.3, 447453. Experiments are reported to determine the absolute threshold for octave bands of noise, to compare noise and tone thresholds and to collect subjective descriptions of the sensations of listening to noise in the frequency range given as 125 to 4Hz as they continued downwards through the range. RADIATION PRESSURE FROM BREATHING AND HEARTBEAT. T.G. Barnes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1969, Aug. Vol.46, No.2, 471-473. The approximate infrasonic source strength of a human's breathing and heart beat is determined from pressure and frequency measurements made with the subject inside a sealed chamber of known volume. Theoretical free-field pressures are computed for each source strength. Journal of Low Frequency Noise and Vibration Vol. 1, No.3, 1982 149


The invention relates to an aluminum alloy foil material used in a brazing heat exchanger and a manufacturing method of the materials; wherein, indicated by weight percentage, the components of the material comprise0.50 to 1.00 of Si, less than or equal to 0.60 of Fe, 0.05 to 0.10 of Cu, 1.00 to 1.60 of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 of Mg, 1.60 to 2.20 of Zn, 0.10 to 0.20 of Zr, 0.01 to 0.05 of Ti and unavoidable impurities and the allowance is Al; the materials are made through the manufacturing steps of melting, standing furnace refinement, grain refinement, online degassing, filtration, continuous cast rolling, cold rolling and finishing rolling. The aluminum alloy foil of the invention has the thinner thickness of 0.05mm; the tensile strength is more than 250N/mm , which improves the brazing property; at the same time, the invention is simple in technique and saves the production cost by more than at least 50 percent compared with the method of hot rolling, and therefore, the aluminum alloy foil of the invention has better economic and social benefits.


By means of arsenate in optical tests the occurrence of both NAD- and NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity has been found in embryo and endosperm tissues from Scots pine seeds. By exclusion of arsenate also evidences for the activity of a non-phosphorylating NADP-linked form have been demonstrated. The results are sustained by inhibition experiments. The enzyme activities have been followed principally during the first 24 hours of the germination process and in relation to the germination-controlling light factor. Homogenates from complete seeds and partly also from separated embryo and endosperm tissues have been studied. The predominant activity in both of the tissues was linked to the NAD-form, expressed either on seed (part) or protein basis. No indications for a light-regulation of anyone of these enzymes have been found contrary to findings from other plant materials.


The reasonable ratio of between teachers and students is the key of the quantity of the teaching in universities.After unit root test and cointegraion with catastrophe point analysis for the numble of teachers and students,the ratio of between teachers and students in universities during 1978-2009,The result indicated that is process of trend stability with a structure change rather than the process of unit root with a structure change between the numble of teachers and students in universities.No co-integration relationship between teachers and students in universities.


Abstract. I study the interaction between epidemics and economic decisions in a model where: (i) agents allocate their time to market and home production and social and home leisure, (ii) these activities differ in their degree of contagiousness, (iii) some infected individuals are indistinguishable from susceptible individuals and (iv) agents are not necessarily rational. For baseline parameter values for the COVID‐19 pandemic, I find that agents partially self‐isolate by allocating more time to home activities and that the effective reproduction number of the disease stabilizes at 1. Detection and isolation of infected individuals severely mitigate the recession and deaths caused by the pandemic.


Objective: To observe the effect of compound ketamine oral solution on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor1 ( NMDAR 1) and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAAR ) in Purkinje neurons of mice. Methods: Immune histochemistry staining and in situ hybridization were used to check the distribution of NMDAR 1 and GABA AR in Purkinje neurons of mice. Results: Both GABAAR and NMDAR 1 all showed on cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The expression of NMDAR 1 at the first time point were significantly more than that at other time points (P0.01). Plasma of cell were stained as brown. The expression of GABAAR at zero time point was lower than that at other parts in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The expressions of NMDAR 1 became weaker gradually after the first time point; However, the expression of GABAAR became stronger with onset of compound ketamine oral solution. Conclusion: Compound ketamine oral solution can slightly increase the expression of GABAAR and sharply decrease the expression of NMDAR 1 in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, and improve the harmony movement of the mice.


The thermolysis of [PhP(CH2SiMe2NPh)2]TaMe3 leads to the elimination of methane and the formation of cyclometalated derivative [PhP(CH2SiMe2NPh)(CH2SiMe2N-o-C6H4)]TaMe2, which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray analysis. Computational studies confirm the expected four-membered transition state involving an ortho-N-phenyl-C–H bond and a Ta-methyl unit. The photolysis of [PhP(CH2SiMe2NPh)2]TaMe3 takes a different course; loss of methane also occurs but results in the formation the methylidene complex, [PhP(CH2SiMe2NPh)2]Ta═CH2(Me), which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Attempts to block the cyclometalation process by replacement of the N-phenyl substituent with N-Mesityl (Mesityl = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) is also reported. With this bulkier ancillary ligand, the reactions are more complicated with multiple products being observed in an overall slow process. The reactions of the trimethyl, the cyclometalated product and the methylidene with H2 were also investigated and found to exh...


Research on "Value Added Analysis of Coffee Powder Processing Industry UD AYAM MERAK in Garot Cut Village Indrajaya District Pidie". The purpose of this study are: Analyzing added value of UD Ayam Merak coffee powder processing industry in Garot Cut Village, Indrajaya District, Pidie District. This research was conducted by the Processing Industry of UD Ayam Merak Coffee Powder in Garot Cut Village, Indrajaya Sub-district, Pidie District. The selection of the location of this study is determined purposively, on the basis of the consideration that the location is one of the central areas of UD Ayam Merak coffee powder. The object of research is UD Ayam Merak Coffee Bean Processing Industry. The scope of this study is adjacent to the analysis of added value of UD Ayam Merak coffee powder processing industry in Garot Village, Indrajaya District, Pidie Regency ". Based on the results of research that has been done on Value Added Analysis of Coffee Powder Processing Industry UD Ayam Merak in Garot Cut Village Indrajaya District Pidie then the Processing Industry of UD Ayam Merak coffee powder in Garot Cut Village Indrajaya District Pidie District can provide added value. The added value obtained from the processing of coffee beans to coffee powder is Rp 13,500 per kilogram of coffee beans, with a ratio of 15 percent. The ratio of value added to the value of output of 15 percent, indicating that every Rp 100 the value of the output of coffee powder, will be added value of Rp 15. Profits obtained by the business powder based on the calculation of added value is Rp 8,500, with the share of profits obtained is 13.7 percent


Based on structure tree and fault tree of complex product, the concept of hybrid structure tree and the corresponding intelligent fault-diagnosis method were proposed. Some basic contents, which shared similar characteristics, were constructed as diagnosis kernel, and these contents were differentiated from concrete diagnosis objectives so as to make it suitable for different objects. Aimed at knowledge management in intelligent diagnosis, a set of coding rules was proposed to implement effective management and utilization of diagnosis knowledge by making use of existing advanced coding management methods. Finally, the corresponding inference algorithms of fault diagnosis were developed. All above-mentioned methods have been applied in research and development of the fault-diagnosis system for automatic door of high-speed train.


Material/Methods: Twenty-five children aged 5 to 13 years participated in the study: 19 with asthma analyzed both during an attack (acute asthma group) and after controlling the condition (controlled asthma group), and 6 without asthma (control group). Peak flow, spirometric variables and C-reactive protein were analyzed. Heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated at rest for 10 min in the supine position using frequency and time domains as well as non-linear variables. Asthma was characterized as persistent/moderate based on the classification of severity.


Recent growth in interdisciplinary research on crime, vio lence, and mental disorder has encouraged the development of computerized techniques for organizing literature from a variety of sources and many different fields. This paper describes a detailed, pre-tested format for classifying systematically re search references on factors such as: sample selection and sample characteristics, test instruments and methodology, de sign, and major findings and conclusions. Special efforts were made to address those problems frequently encountered by interdisciplinary researchers, such as differences in terminology and orientation across disciplines. It is intended that this format will facilitate links across disciplines and thus promote comprehensive approaches to research, medical diagnosis, and policy development.


Managing domestic waste is very crucial to protect environment. To do that, participation from community is needed to decrease the volume of waste. Bogor City implements Waste Bank Program to help decreasing the volume of waste produced by the people. The research's objective is to analyze participation of the customers of Rangga Mekar Waste Bank in the implementation of reduce, reuse, recycle and the factors influence participation of the customers of Rangga Mekar Waste Bank in the implementation of reduce, reuse, recycle. Variables observed in the research were customer's characteristics, supports from the external agencies, customer's perception, and participation of the customers in reducing, reusing, recycling. Participation in the implementation of reduce, reuse, recycle consist of: involvement in waste bank activities (planning, implementation, evaluation and utilization of result and implementation of reduce, reuse, recycle. The research's results show that participation on planning and evaluation are catagorized low. On implementation and utilization of results are catagorized medium. The implementation of reduce is categorized high, on implemantation of reuse and recycle are categoriced low. Participation of the customers is significant-positively influenced by the support from the external agencies such as public figure, the availability of information, government support, extension education support, and group support. Therefore the higher of the support from the external agencies public figure, the availability of information, government support, extension education support, and group support) can increase customers participation in the implementation of reduce, reuse, recycle.


......................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................... ................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ....................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 3: METHOD .................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ................................ ......................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 5: CONCULSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDA TIONS .................. 85 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 111 APPENDICES ........................................ ............................................................................... 129 VITA .................................................................................................................................. 283


The use of relations as a model of information stored in large data bases has several significant advantages over other methods of data description. It is often, however, criticized as difficult to implement efficiently. In this paper, some of the pros and cons of the relational model are discussed. The concepts of modeling information structures with data is illustrated with the CODASYL DBTG and the relational models. Then the main concepts of a relational data management system are presented based on current implementations. The advantages and disadvantages of the relational model is discussed in the light of these implementations. By presenting the theories of relational data management in a context of specific system implementations, the advantages and disadvantages of this data organization will be more clearly understood.


This article examines the relationship between electoral systems and party system fragmentation. Focusing on the two electoral reforms that Israel adopted in the last decade, it first sets out how electoral system change can influence voter behaviour and party strategy. It then uses 'the effective number of parties' index to show the extent of party system change in Israel following these reforms. The article proceeds with a description of the legislative processes that led to the adoption of the direct election system and to its abandonment several years later and analyzes the consequences of these reforms. It concludes by arguing that the adoption of the direct election system undeniably contributed to a rise in party system fragmentation, while the recent return to a one-vote, proportional electoral system might have the reverse effect.


The requirement for renewable energy sources and power is rising, which necessitates the expansion of both the capacities of distribution & transmission. Extra power can be transferred more cheaply when utilizing DC because the RMS and peak voltages are the same, however building new transmission lines is also frequently accompanied by difficult approval processes, competing interests, & higher costs. Therefore, sharing HVDC and HVAC lines on the same tower called hybrid lines is a more economical way to meet the demand. Coronal charges lead to issues like loss of power, loud noise, & interference in radio signals. Additionally, the electromagnetic field beneath the transmission lines at ground level makes people uncomfortable by making a sensation on their hair. Consequently, a systematic analysis of the ion current density, electric field & impact of space charges at ground level is required. This paper uses COMSOL Multiphysics software to calculate the ion current density on the ground & electric field influenced by space charges for hybrid transmission lines & HVDC. Numerous designs in HVDC, including monopolar &bipolar were investigated. For monopolar & bipolar, the effects of wind & ground conductors on space charges were investigated. This paper presents a confirmed HVDC model that may be used to investigate how space charges from DC conductors affect the current density and electric field.


Migration is not a thing per se but exists in the postcolonial black hole that has been keenly observed since the advent of deconstruction and Subaltern studies, or even in the battle to define and accept any critical terminology (postcolonialism, postcolonial, postcoloniality, coloniality, etc.). We know that postcolonial studies engages with many research fields (e.g. religion, language, history, gender), but where is the room for migration? My question heads in two directions: postcolonial methodology and content. A single explanation/critical pattern seems difficult to establish, especially if one chooses to focus on one country, France. Perhaps the migration question helps document the contested power play between critical constructs such as the global North/South.


The production of organic acid and alcohol,methane and hydrogen from synthesis gas were introduced. The microorganism catalyst,kinetics,bioreactor and process were discussed.The lower production capacity and lower product concentration were pointed out to be the most problem and the direction of future research was pro- posed.


Future Earth initiative puts forward the academic thought, top-level design, core content, and methodology for systemic solutions of regional sustainable development, which provides a reference for future research of regional sustainable development in human-economic geography. Based on an analysis of the core concepts of Future Earth, this article elaborates the development opportunities and positioning of human- economic geography, and discusses the five grand challenges of Future Earth and their implications for exploring systemic solutions of regional sustainable development. It maintains that progress in the study of each of these challenges is essential to overall solve the problem of global sustainable development. This article also discusses the objective,perspective, and path of regional sustainable development system, and analyzes the academic thought of systemic solutions for regional sustainable development from the applied basic research and application practice. Using the Future Earth research initiative as a reference and based on the research framework of the regional sustainable development system, it examines the future development of human-economic geography from the three aspects of improving the ability of prediction and assessment, applied research on regulatory process and controlling mode, and institutional design with respect to Future Earth.


This research examines the students' view on teaching assessment surveys conducted by the University of Zagreb. It especially focuses on student's perceived importance of this assessment and its influence on quality control.


A new class of soft magnetic alloys derive their attractive properties from the fact that they contain a high volume fraction of iron rich, nanometer scale, DO3 structure precipitates. These precipitates are imbedded within, and separated from one another by, a portion of the amorphous phase from which they formed. In an effort to determine the mechanism by which the addition of modest amounts of Cu and Nb to Fe‐Si‐B amorphous alloys induce the formation of the metastable nanocrystalline structure, melt‐spun samples of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9, Fe76.5Cu1Si13.5B9, and Fe74.5Nb3Si13.5B9 were heat treated at 550 °C for times ranging from 2 to 60 min and studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction, and extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. EXAFS spectra from the Cu absorption edge in the Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy show that tiny clusters of a Cu rich phase are present even in the amorphous, as‐melt‐spun ribbon, and that these clusters have close atomic packin...


Author of the article considers agreements on share participation in housing construction and the future real estate pre-sale contracts. Analyzes the right to enter into such agreements and the developer by a person not engaged in the construction (investor). Determine the implications of contracting in violation of the law and the responsibility of individuals in the process. Recommends ways to protect shared construction participants in case of violation of their rights.


If you had $40 million to spend each year on a philanthropic mission in healthcare, what would your mission be? Helping the uninsured? Bankrolling demonstration projects? To deliver the greatest impact within the $2 trillion U.S. healthcare system, you would have to be choosy about your commitments.


This paper describes a new method for measuring the complex permittivity and permeability of a sintered microwave-absorbing material. Thorough knowledge about microwave-absorbing materials is very important for the design and construction of accelerators. Although many methods of measuring the permittivity and permeability of a material have been developed and tested successfully, they are not suited to cases in which the microwave-absorbing material is coated on an oxygen-free high-conductivity copper (OFHC) surface by means of a special sintering technology. Thus, a new method is developed through a combination of testing and simulations. The complex permittivity and permeability of the microwave-absorbing material FeSiAl was obtained by this means, and a collinear load was designed based on the measurement results. The linear accelerator (LINAC) with the collinear load has been running well.


The ordered FP-tree and complete prefix path are proposed.A method of constructing the ordered FP-tree is presented according to the level of nodes.The ordered FP-tree is used to compress the dataset.The maximal frequent itemsets mining algorithm is presented.The complete prefix path is used to optimize the maximal frequent itemsets mining.The experiment result shows that the algorithm has better performance for the long pattern mining in density datasets.


A two-step feature extraction approach combining wavelet transform and principal component analysis (PCA) is presented. Wavelet transform provides a compact, information-rich expression of process data through a set of coefficients that carry localized transient information of process operating condition. PCA is used to reduce the dimension of correlated coefficients in an optimal way. Case studies on the Tennessee Eastman process illustrate that the proposed method is able to capture the inherent characteristics from process measurements.


In 2015, Russia should switch to digital broadcasting. This means significant changes in the television market, step into a new era of television, as well as the transition to a new model of television. Changes do not come at one time, so the new trend is already visible. In the first place, it further segmentation of the audience. The spectator now selects the most appropriate channels to him content. And the choice of the viewer rich. In addition to large media assets in Russia are intensively developing so-called "channels of interest",more often called niche. Analyzing trends in Russian television, describe the nature of changes in the advertising communication technology product placement. Research material published in Russian and foreign sources of technology product placement, a content analysis of the use of technology product placement on niche channels Russian TV.


The non-local quantum field theories attract interest in the mathematical and physical community as candidates for effective description of the reality taking into account the quantum gravity effects. The standard methods, developed for the conventional local quantum field theories, often are not applicable. In this paper the Hamiltonian approach, originally proposed for quantization of the non-local effective theory inspired by noncommutative geometry of the Doplicher-Fredenhagen-Roberts Quantum Spacetime, is generalized to a large class of ultraviolet finite non-local Hamiltonian perturbative Quantum Field Theories. General properties of such theories are discussed. The weak adiabatic limit existence is proved for the whole class of theories.


Instructor: Robert G. Smith Office Phone: 703-993-5079 Fax: 703-993-3643 Mobile Phone: 703-859-6944 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Office: Commerce II, Room 204 Office: Commerce II, Room 204 Office: Commerce II, Website: http://cehd.gmu.edu/people/faculty/rsmithx/ Mailing address: George Mason University Education Leadership Program Thompson Hall Suite 1300, Office 1306 4400 University Dr., MSN 4C2 Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 Office hours: Mondays and Wednesdays, by appointment Schedule information: Location. TC Williams High School, Room A225 Meeting times. Tuesdays, 4:30-7:30 p.m., 1/12/16-4/12/16


A generalized Steinhaus graph of order n and type s is a graph with n vertices whose adjacency matrix (ai,j) satisfies the relation

where 2 ≦i≦n−1, i + s(i − 1 ≦ j ≦ n, cr,i,j ϵ {0,1} for all 0 ≦ r ≦ s(i) −1 and cs(i)−1,i,j = 1. The values of s(i) and cr,i,j are fixed but arbitrary. Generalized Steinhaus graphs in which each edge has probability ½ are considered. In an article by A. Blass and F. Harary ["Properties of Almost All Graphs and Complexes," Journal of Graph Theory, Vol. 3 (1976), pp. 225–240], a collection of first-order axioms are given from which any first-order property in graph theory or its negation can be deduced. We show that almost all generalized Steinhaus graphs satisfy these axioms. Thus the first-order theory of random generalized Steinhaus graphs is identical with the theory of random graphs. Quasi-random properties of graphs are described by F. R. K. Chung, R. L. Graham, and R. M. Wilson, ["Quasi-Random Graphs," Combinatorica, Vol. 9 (1989), pp. 345–362]. We conclude by demonstrating that almost all generalized Steinhaus graphs obey Property 2 and hence all equivalent quasi-random properties. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Lawu Mountain is a mountain located on the border between Central Java and East Java. This mountain has an altitude of 3265 m.asl. Geographically located around 111o15' E dan 7o30'S. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of plants and know the diversity index and dominance found in Lawu Mountain along the hiking trails of Cemoro Mencil Girimulyo Jogorogo District Ngawi Regency at an altitude of 1.600 m.asl, 2.200 m.asl and 2.800 m.asl. This study used a sample survey method. The results discovered 12 orders, 14 families,
16 genera which include 17 species of plants that spread at an altitude of 1.600 m.asl, 2.200 m.asl and 2.800 m.asl in Lawu Mountain along the hiking trails of Cemoro Mencil Girimulyo Jogorogo District Ngawi Regency. At an altitude of
1.600 m.asl obtained 7 numbers collection which includes 6 families and 7 plant species have been inventoried. At an altitude of 2.200 m.asl obtained 9 numbers collection which includes 7 families and 9 species of plants have been inventoried. And at an altitude of 2.800 m.asl obtained 9 numbers collection which includes 8 families and 9 species of plants have been inventoried. Based on the results of this study concluded that the diversity of plants in Lawu Mountain along hiking trails Girimulyo Jogorogo District Ngawi Regency including low.


ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. field trips, independent study, undergraduate research/education, graduate research, internships, work-study, arboreta SUMMARY. The State Botanical Garden of Georgia serves as an important academic resource for the University of Georgia by supporting interdisciplinary learning experiences in fields including botany, horticulture, environmental design, ecology, anthropology, geography, instructional technology, science education, entomology, forestry, and art. Field trips, independent study, internships, work-study and other botanical garden experiences strengthen and support the university's teaching, research and public service/outreach missions.


At medium- and high-head hydropower plants (HPPs) on sediment-laden rivers, hydro-abrasive erosion on hydraulic turbines is a major economic issue. For optimization of such HPPs, there is an interest in equations to predict erosion depths. Such a semi-empirical equation suitable for engineering practice is proposed in the relevant guideline of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 62364). However, for Pelton turbines no numerical values of the model's calibration parameters have been available yet. In the scope of a research project at the high-head HPP Fieschertal, Switzerland, the particle load and the erosion on the buckets of two hard-coated 32 MW-Pelton runners have been measured since 2012. Based on three years of field data, the numerical values of a group of calibration parameters of the IEC erosion model were determined for five application cases: (i) reduction of splitter height, (ii) increase of splitter width and (iii) increase of cut-out depth due to erosion of mainly base material, as well as erosion of coating on (iv) the splitter crests and (v) inside the buckets. Further laboratory and field investigations are recommended to quantify the effects of individual parameters as well as to improve, generalize and validate erosion models for uncoated and coated Pelton turbines.


The Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC) has made a concerted effort in the past several years to compile and evaluate test data related to the effects of light-water reactor (LWR) coolant environments on the fatigue behavior of structural materials used in LWR pressure boundary applications. This paper presents the status and findings-to-date of the part of this PVRC effort concerned with effect of the LWR environment on S-N fatigue behavior. The overall purpose of this activity is to formulate recommendations to the ASME Code for methods and procedures to include any needed considerations of the coolant environment in LWR design. A large amount of test data has been collected and analysis of this database shows that some combinations of environmental and mechanical test conditions can result in reduced S-N fatigue life of ferritic and austenitic steels compared to an air environment. The extent of reduction depends on the values of the influencing variables which include the dissolved oxygen content, the temperature and possibly the flow velocity of the coolant water, and the amplitude and the rate of cyclic straining. In addition, for ferritic steels, the sulfur content of the material may be another factor. Independent ``screening`` values of these variablesmore » for which environmental effects are deemed acceptable have been defined and are discussed. An important need is the modeling and characterization of the environmental effects when conditions exceed the independent screening values and some examples of this effort are presented. In spite of the large amount of collected data, there are several areas of incomplete definition and the need for test data are noted. In addition, ASME Code implementation includes the need for other analyses and test data to formulate design methods for conditions such as variations in strain rate and temperature during a cyclic transient.« less


Chromatographic separation of a 70% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre (Leguminosae) leaves has led to the isolation of two new isoflavonoid diglycosides, 4′-O-methyl-genistein 7-O-β-D-rutinoside (2) and 2′,5′-dimethoxy-genistein 7- O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1‴→ 6″)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and a new rotenoid, 12a-hydroxy-α-toxicarol (5), together with nine known metabolites, vecinin-2 (1), kaempferol 3-O-β-drutinoside (3), rutin (4), vitexin (7), isoquercitrin (8), kaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (9), 11,12a-dihydroxy-munduserone (10), kaempferol (11), and quercetin (12). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analyses.


Entrepreneurial network plays a significant role in launching and sustaining a new venture. There are substantial researches discussing how the overall network develops. However, to date, few attention is paid to explore the dynamic evolution of the networks between a new venture and the consumer. After reviewing related literature, this paper proposes a model and corresponding propositions to explain how startup-consumer networks evolve as startups grow on the basis of two key network attributes(i.e., tie strength and network owner)from the trust perspective.


Temperature dependence of the 35 Cl spin-lattice relaxation time T 1 (5.85 and 3.5 MHz) and that of T 1ρ in the rotating frame have been measured in ND 4 Cl and NH 4 Cl between 330 K and 77 K. The 90°-flip motion of ammonium ions is investigated in detail. The spin-lattice relaxation times of 35 Cl may be interpreted to be a typical one governed by the reorientation of ammonium ions in the extremely asymmetric potential well.


The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of self-assembling highways that, together with the help of motor proteins, promotes intracellular transport and the formation of magnificent structures such as the preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast ([Nebenfuhr and Dixit, 2018


Transportation noise is recognized as an important cardiovascular risk factor. It was shown that traffic noise exposure is associated with cerebro/cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Aircraft noise causes endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and increases cerebral/cardiovascular oxidative stress in mice and traffic noise in general increased stroke mortality in large population studies. Chronic aircraft noise also causes learning and memory impairment in children. We recently studied the effects of different time exposure protocols (sleep versus awake phase) of aircraft noise exposure on C57Bl/6JRj mice and demonstrated that sleep phase noise exposure impairs the circadian clock and causes oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and high blood pressure.


Using a whole building design concept, Tierra Concrete Homes, a home builder in Pueblo, Colorado, created low-energy, passive solar home designs. Passive solar features incorporated into the designs include house orientation, high-mass walls for thermal storage, exterior insulation, appropriate glazing type combined with overhangs to prevent summer overheating, open interior spaces to maximize daylighting potential, and high efficiency lighting. These ranch-style homes require no cooling and minimum heating equipment to maintain comfortable indoor conditions. They are economically competitive to build, consume little fossil fuel, and produce virtually no construction waste. This paper discusses how the design of one of these homes was optimized to further minimize energy consumption while maintaining an attractive livable environment. It also describes monitoring activities that are currently underway to verify predicted energy consumption.


Literacy levels in Zimbabwe are at an average of ninety two percent, which is amongst the highest in Africa. Despite significant levels of transformation in the education system,  which has seen skyrocketing  literacy rates, secondary education still lacks transformation of other structures that have a direct impact on the rate of girl child secondary school dropouts. Through purposive sampling and snowballing sampling technique, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted in the geographical location of Masvingo district in Zimbabwe. The study revealed that secondary education empowers the girl child and contributes to socio-development process and poverty alleviation. In view of these findings, the study concluded that education is a human right and everyone has the right to acquire education regardless of their gender. The study recommended that Non-Governmental Organisations and government should implement tailor-made programmes that adequately tackle the rate of girl child secondary school dropouts in Masvingo district.


The present invention discloses the generation of monochromatic or polychromatic image on the surface. The surface is moved to a first station, a second station and the third station. Applying an electrical bias to the surface, and the powder is electrostatically transferred onto the surface of the first workstation. Powder is selectively sintered or melted on the surface of the second workstation. In a third workstation removed from the surface of the powder or sintered unmelted portion.


Background: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) would be related with increase in the cardiovascular risk. It has been estimated prevalence of SDB could increase with age. It has been recently described that SDB is a risk factor for mortality in older population, independent of demographic and clinical factors. Aim: To know prevalence and characteristics of SDB related with age, we analyzed a large population by clinical suspiction of sleep apnea. Methods: We performed a retrospective study. SDB was studied using respiratory polygraphy (RP) in all patients. Demographic characteristic, symptoms and RP indicators of patients grouped by age were compared. GI was defined between 18-25, GII: 26-45, GIII: 46-65 and GIV>65 years old. Results: We have included 2586 patients (GI: 53, GII: 607, GIII: 1302 and GIV: 624). All groups showed higher percentage of males and we did not found differences in BMI between groups (30.9±9.2; 34.0±9.3; 33.1±7.5 and 31.2±6.4 kg/m 2 ). It was observed that Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased with age (8.6±0.7; 8.6±0.2, 8.2±0.1 and 7.6±0.2). Prevalence of OSA in each group were 30.2 in the GI, GII:68.8, GIII:82.7 and GIV:64%. Despite these findings, the SDB indicators: AHI and ODI have shown a proportional increase associated to age: GI:7.4±2.4 and 8.3±2.2; GII:17.5±0.8 and 19.2±0.9; GIII: 19.0±0.4 and 21.4±0.5 and GIV: 22.3±0.8 and 24.6±0.9; p Conclusion: In accordance with other studies, we found that AHI shown an increase with age. The findings about ODI and T


Abstract: In Turkey, women, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer with 25%. Early diagnosis of breast cancer facilitates treatment and prolongs patient life. BSE which performed at regular intervals and accurately is a simple, economic method that protects the privacy of women in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the beliefs and practice of breast cancer and BSE in women studying outside the health field. Descriptive research was used to comment for the beliefs and practice of breast cancer and BSE in 600 women studying in science and social sciences of a University. Descriptive characteristics, breast cancer and breast self-examination were used to collect data and the Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) was used. The difference between the mean CSIMS scores of students with and without BSE was evaluated statistically.The participants was found that 15.2% (n = 91) of students applied BSE regularly every month. 17.5% of participants indicated not be a sign of breast cancer. In the early diagnosis of breast cancer, 54% of participants were indicated can used BSE. Moreover, 49.8% of the participants noted that they did not get any information about BSE before. The difference between participants who applied and did not apply BSE was statistically significant the total scale means (P=0.007). It was concluded that female students studying in science and social sciences had insufficient knowledge about breast cancer and BSE early diagnosis, symptoms, and physician examination.Peer education programs are recommended. Keywords :Student, breast cancer, breast self examination (BSE), health, beliefs.


The minority system i.e. a system of elaborately stratified society distinguishes India from most other societies. Among the most distinctive factors of the minority is the close link between minority and occupations, especially in rural India. Along with the other backward castes, the Muslims have the highest incidence of poverty in India, with poverty rates that are much higher than the rest of the population. Since independence, the Indian government has enacted affirmative action policies in educational institutions and employment programmes for Muslims. Thus, efforts have been made by using the primary data to assess whether these actions have led to a weakening of the relationship between minority status and occupational segregation that has existed historically in India. It is evident that the occupational structure of the Muslim households is converging to that of the non-scheduled households.


Two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the interaction of convection and pulsation at the blue edge of the RR Lyrae gap were performed. These calculations confirm the results found by Stellingwerf that convection makes the blue edge bluer and that the effect is more pronounced for overtone pulsation and for lower helium abundance. This reduces the sensitivity to helium abundance of the blue edge location and of the color width of the instability strip to the extent that neither quantity can be expected to be a reliable indicator of the helium abundance in the surface layers of RR Lyrae variables in globular clusters. While the author's edge location and the general relation between convection and pulsation agree very well with those of Stellingwerf, there are differences between the calculations. These include the relative flux fraction carried by radiation and convection, which can be ascribed to the assumption by Stellingwerf that the horizontal average opacity is the opacity of the horizontal average temperature. These differences are discussed along with the sensitivity of the two-dimensional calculations to angular zoning and eddy viscosity. 20 references, 3 figures.


Using a keyboard and mouse is difficult or even impossible for many programmers due to motor impairments such as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). Programming by voice has enormous potential for helping motor-impaired programmers to input code and continue their careers. It also has the potential to allow motor-impaired students to more easily participate in computer science courses. By decreasing keyboard and mouse usage, programming by voice can also aid persons who are at risk of acquiring RSI. This work explores how different programmers naturally speak code without having to learn prescriptive grammar. The aim of this research is to develop a system that allows programmers to speak code in a natural manner.


The invention relates to a method for producing a molded part, in particular container, from plastic by rotational molding, wherein a starting material (6) in the form of a plastic or plastic precursor in a rotational molding mold (1) are introduced and rotation of the rotating fusion mold (1) is formed, wherein the rotating fusion mold (1) with at least one magnet member (4, 13) is provided. The starting material (6) and the magnetic element (4, 13) are formed such that the starting material (6) and the magnetic element (4, 13) enter into magnetic interaction and a part of the starting material (6) during molding (of the magnetic element 4, 13 is tightened), and recorded. The invention further relates to a correspondingly produced molded plastic part.


This study analyzed the dialect used by the three ethnics as the main characters; the White, the Native American, and the Black, found in Mark Twain's novel Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer Detective. The study under report attempted to answer the following research problems: (1) What is the
frequently used dialect of the White, the Black, and the Native American in Mark Twain's novel?, (2) What are the factors which influence the White, the Black, and the Native American to use the frequently used dialect?
The data of this study were taken from the utterances of the three characters in Mark Twain's novel. The data were analyzed using the linguistic features that indicate the use of dialect and using the social factors which indicate
the use of the dialect. The data analysis brought the following findings: (a) the frequently used dialect by the three main characters is the non-standard English, (b) that the three ethnics mostly use the non-standard English in communicating among another is approved by two kinds of reasons: (1) the linguistic features that show that the
dictions, structures, and pronunciations contained in the three ethnics' utterances belong to non-standard form, (2) the social factors that show the background of using the dialect. As the writer realizes that this study is not perfect and there must be several shortcomings, it is suggested that future researches on dialects be done on
the dialect of ethnic groups in real life, Indonesian society.


For over forty years, Timothy Luke's ecocritique has harnessed the resources of critical theory to dissect the responses of both the left and right to the ecological damage attending the unending d...


Accurate measures of extinction are needed in biodiversity monitoring and conservation management, but ascertaining the exact time at which a species became extinct is difficult since a small population may go undetected for many years. For little‐studied species, often the only information available is historical sighting data. Several statistical tests have been developed which use this information to make inferences about a species' extinction. The increasing array of methods can present a daunting choice. We review the more frequently cited methods, for each model explaining its assumptions, the data required, the scenarios it was developed for and power considerations, if known. We provide guidance on selecting the most appropriate method for a particular sighting record. We give examples from the literature to show how the methods have been usefully applied across conservation research, informing conservation decision‐making and extinction inference.


The invention provides an optical module and a manufacturing method thereof and a polaroid. The optical module comprises a first film layer, a second film layer and a plurality of light absorbing graphs arranged on the first film layer, wherein the first film layer and the second film layer are oppositely arranged. The first film layer and the second film layer are transmitting film layers, the position of the second film layer corresponding to the light absorbing graphs is provided with a hole, and one end of the hole far away from the light absorbing graphs is smaller than one end of the hole close to the light absorbing graphs. The optical module further comprises a transmitting protrusion extending into the hole. The polaroid comprises a protective film, a polarizing film and the optical module. A display device comprises a display panel and the optical module. The method comprises the steps that the second film layer and the light absorbing graphs are arranged on the first film layer; and the transmitting protrusion extending into the hole is arranged at one end of the second film layer far away from the first film layer. The optical module and the optical module manufacturing method and the polaroid can improve display brightness while expanding the view angle.


A car-vibration analyzing system was developed for the maintenance of the riding quality of railway vehicles. This system, composed of a 16 channel FFT signal processor and a thermal printer, has a software program which evaluates car-vibration and riding quality. And it can process simultaneously 8 lateral vibration channels and 8 vertical vibration ones at maximum. The principal evaluation index is the Riding Quality Level LT which is a newly proposed index fundamentally based on ISO Standard 2631. LT is calculated form the power spectrum density of car-body acceleration analyzed by the FFT signal processor. The output data are divided into the following 3 groups and are displayed on a CRT. (1) Data for judging riding quality (2) Data for indicating improvement in performance (3) Data for predicting transition of vibration and riding quality in increase of running distance.


It is well known that, in theory, the general secure multiparty computation problem is solvable using circuit evaluation protocols. However, the communication complexity of the resulting protocols depend on the size of the circuit that expresses the functionality to be computed and hence can be impractical. Hence special solutions are needed for specific problems for efficiency reasons. The point inclusion problem in computational geometry is a special multiparty computation and has got many applications. Previous protocols for the secure point inclusion problem are not adequate. In this paper we modify some known solutions to the point inclusion problem in computational geometry to the frame work of secure two-party computation.


The present invention relates to (S) -1- (4- chloro - phenyl) -7-isopropyl-6-methoxy-2- (4- {Methyl - [4- (4-methyl-3 - oxo - piperazin-1-yl) - trans - cyclohexylmethyl] - amino} - phenyl) -1,4-dihydro -2H- isoquinolin-3-one in crystalline form which is suitable between treatment with p53 and MDM2 or a variant thereof and / or variants or MDM4 interaction associated disease or disorder.


An understanding of the nature of the x-ray and neutron producing processes in the plasma focus requires a study of the ''fine structure'' of the plasma focus and that this fine structure study requires diagnostic techniques with spatial resolution down to 50 micrometers and time resolution to about 10 ns is shown. Fortunately it has been possible to develop measuring equipment with these high resolutions.


In multilingual societies like India, code-mixed social media texts comprise the majority of the Internet. Detecting the sentiment of the code-mixed user opinions plays a crucial role in understanding social, economic and political trends. In this paper, we propose an ensemble of character-trigrams based LSTM model and word-ngrams based Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) model to identify the sentiments of Hindi-English (Hi-En) code-mixed data. The ensemble model combines the strengths of rich sequential patterns from the LSTM model and polarity of keywords from the probabilistic ngram model to identify sentiments in sparse and inconsistent code-mixed data. Experiments on reallife user code-mixed data reveals that our approach yields state-of-the-art results as compared to several baselines and other deep learning based proposed methods.


Meiotic analysis of 11 populations of 6 Hordeum species showed normal chromosome pairing and chromosomes segregation during anaphase in most of the anaphase and telophase cells, except few cases of laggard chromosomes, chromosome stickiness and tripolar formation. Cytomixis and chromosome migration occurred in different directions


Governments around the world have set up governmental venture capital (GVC) funds, and are increasingly doing so, with the aims of fostering the development of a private venture capital industry and to alleviate the equity capital gap of young innovative firms. The rationale and the appropriateness of these programs is controversial. In this paper, we borrow from the recent literature on entrepreneurial finance to document the evolution and to compare the effects of the different types of governmental support. In contrast with a lack of success in some countries, there have been successful GVC initiatives, such as the Australian Innovation Investment Fund. Consequently, the proper design of the investment processes of GVC funds is an urgent topic for scholars and policy makers.


This study deals with the separation of fine mineral particles using selective magnetic coating methods. The minerals used were quartz and magnesite, and the coating magnetic material was magnetite of heavy media grade ground to extremely fine particle size. The total interaction energies between each mineral and magnetite were calculated in the absence and the presence of dodecylamine as surfactant. Without surfactant, no magnetic coating was obtained on either of the single minerals, despite the favorable predictions. The magnetic coating results obtained on single quartz particles in the presence of surfactant were in full agreement with the predicted behavior based on the calculated energy barriers, while for magnesite the results were in partial agreement. The selective separation of quartz from magnesite was sufficiently confirmed when artificial mixtures of minerals were used.


The transport and transformation of nutrient elements have long been an interesting subject in the field of environmental science and ecology.As microbial activity is an important source of atmospheric NOx,a series of researches have been developed on it.Although NOx does not contribute to the greenhouse effect directly,being a highly reactive trace gas,nitric oxide(NO) plays an important role in tropospheric photochemistry.It can react with other trace gas and influence the concentration of other greenhouse gas in troposphere,as well as the production and consumption of atmospheric oxidants such as ozone(O3) and hydroxyl radical(OH),and the photochemical formation of nitric acid(HNO3-),which is the fastest growing component of acidic deposition.Soil is a major source of atmospheric NOx,and the biogeochemistry of NOx has arrested people's attention because of the characteristics of its production,consumption and transportation and so forth.The paper reviews the new developing trends and the up-to-date advances of studies on NOx emission fluxes in soil,including the characteristics of production and emission,influencing factors and spatial and temporal variation and estimations of global NOx emissions and their uncertainties.


The foam formations of the aqueous solutions of methyl violet 5B, brilliant green, malachite green, crystel violet, Hofmann's violet and congo red have been measured. The foaming ability, that is the product of foaminess and foam strength, is considered as the measure of the foam formation. This scarcely changes by the long period's storage of the solution. The foaming ability of them is nearly parallel with the surface activity. This is interpreted with structural formnlae of dyestuffs.


The thesis is written as the final part of the B. Sc. Hotel Management in order to examine, to develop drink inventory list of "The Oriental Swan" by making new drink inventory list in the FandB Management. The first part of this thesis will introduce about the history of "The Oriental Swan" Restaurant. "The Oriental Swan" is a Chinese restaurant, which is located in Rademakerstraat 2, Soesterberg, Netherlands. And which kind of drink inventory lists that can be arrange for the restaurant. The second part of this thesis is a qualitative research, which is started by reviewing the literature. The literature review show how to arrange the drink, how to keep the drink and the process of beverage. The process starts from purchasing, receiving and storing. From the literature study of this thesis and based on the research problem, the next part of the research concerns a case study. The case study based on the literature reviews, in depth interviews with the owner, supervisor, colleges and observations in the bar of the restaurant.


A novel and simple design of a printed circular patch antenna for ultra‐wideband application with a band‐notched characteristic is presented. By cutting a pie‐shaped slot on the circular radiating patch, a frequency band notch will be created. The cutting pie depth contributes to the notch center frequency and notch bandwidth while the pie flare angle contributes to the notch bandwidth. It is easy to design a specific notch band range by adjusting the cutting pie size. The position of cutting pie is also investigated. Details of the proposed designs and experimental results of the constructed prototypes are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 316–320, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22113


The invention belongs to a cooling casting blank or casting mould device and relates to a water cooling channel for a large beam blank continuous casting crystallizer,,and particularly to a copper plate cooling device for a beam blank continuous casting crystallizer. The copper plate cooling channel is characterized in that: a web water gap, a R angle water gap, a bevel water gap, a flange inner angle water hole and a flange top water hole are formed on a broadside copper plate according to the characteristics of the copper plate shape and heat face heat flux; the water gaps without corners are distributed uniformly, and the water gaps at R angle are dense, and few water holes are arranged at concave corners; and a cooling water tank is arranged outside a narrow side copper plate. The copper plate cooling channel has the advantages that cooling water channels are arranged in areas, the number of cooling water channels is reduced, water gap diameter is reduced, and processing quantity is reduced; the water gaps are arranged reasonably, temperature peak value at the R angle is eliminated, the temperature gradient is reduced, the cooling strength of the flange top is weakened, the overall temperature of the copper plate tends to be uniform, the working environment of the copper plate and blank heat transmission condition are improved, the cooling effect is good, and water is saved; deformation and abrasion of the copper plate are reduced, and service life is prolonged; the surface quality of blanks is remarkably improved, the cogging yield is improved, and continuous casting production can be performed smoothly.


Intelligent e-learning systems intend to improve the quality of e-learning services and overcome the main shortcomings of e-learning technologies that presented the same learning material to all learners; "one-size fits-all" approach. In this paper, the suitable architectural design is proposed and the development modules of intelligent, adapted student-centered Web-based e-learning system are explained. It addresses students' diversity with different intellectual levels, different learning styles, so as to improve the learnt concepts and support the learners to achieve their learning goals effectively. The course contents are adapted and tailored to the characteristics of each learner. Each student has to answer two sets of well-selected tests to determine his background knowledge. These tests are randomly generated via an adapted rule-based reasoning engine utilizing questions repository and student and domain modules. Furthermore, the system will remember the last three sessions of the learning process for each student, even it is not completed, henceforward; the student can accomplish learning process from his last session. According to the experimental results, most of the students recommended to use it. Students were satisfied with the intelligent Web-based learning environment regarding the usefulness and efficiency. It helps to improve students' knowledge level and academic progress.


INTRODUCTION
Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), a lethal tick-borne Rickettsioses (2000 - 2018 >600 human deaths) involving synanthropic capybara as host.

METHODS
We introduced an alternative to mitigate human-capybara conflicts and epidemiologic concerns of BSF. Complex aspects like transmission dynamics, risk areas, host mobility, and birth rate control, were considered to develop a prevention strategy using an anti-GnRH vaccine.

RESULTS
The propositioned immunocontraceptive potentially remove and prevent the spread of BSF from endemic areas.

CONCLUSIONS
We propose the anti-GnRH vaccine as a BSF prevention strategy based on these favorable results.


At the end of French IV, which is the equivalent of a junior college course, the pupil understands spoken French, writes that language with a fair degree of correctness and translates at sight, with few errors, such English as is found in Jaques' "Intermediate French." In literature, he has studied in some detail (see below) the Romantic group, and has gained a general idea of the movement of French literature from early times to the present. This work has been done by the so-called laboratory method, which means that the pupil has worked on the material himself, has had much practice in the discussion of such questions as could arise out of the course, and in the writing of reports on books read. He is ready for such courses as are described under numbers 7, 8, 9, I6 of the Department of French of Harvard University, courses on special periods of literature and for advanced language work.


The introduction of digital microcontrollers into "hobby" servos opens new doors for consumer and educational robotics. However, the new operational modes, parameters, and sensory feedback also add complexity. This paper will analyze the capabilities of these servos, and describe methods of calibration and motion modeling for accurate planning and control. As much as possible, these methods will avoid use of precision rigs or expensive measurement devices to remain accessible to the classrooms, laboratories, and garages which these servos target. I. SURVEY OF SERVO MODELS AND APPLICATIONS Servo manufacturers currently recognize two major market segments: the industrial servo market and the radiocontrolled (RC) servo market. Niche markets are also found in hard drives and optics, which require small scale, precision actuation. The industrial market caters to large, powerful, expensive motors in factories, airplanes, automobiles, etc. These are often calibrated by the manufacturer, with well defined (and/or customized) operational parameters. RC servos or "hobbyist" servos are typically intended for use in small remotely controlled devices such as model boats or planes. Due to their standard control interface, low cost, and wide variety of sizes, torques, and materials, these RC servos have become a common component of indoor robotics, particularly among prototype and research oriented devices. Unfortunately, their original intended use in teleoperated devices with limited range of motion and small number of actuators implies several design choices which constrain autonomous capabilities, and are less than ideal for robotics in general. The lack of middle ground between RC servos and industrial counterparts has driven the creation of projects such as OpenServo [1] and other efforts [2] to replace standard RC servos brains with custom electronics. The large manufacturers (e.g. Hitec, Futaba) have begun to address the robotics market by "digital servos", which provide better response time and torque management. However, the "digital" refers to a digital microcontroller within the servo, not the communication method, which is still the same analog pulse-width modulation (PWM) interface used by hobby servos. The restriction to analog communication is at the root of a number of problems: • Static controller parameters servos, by their nature, are sent target positions, and the servo determines the torque needed to get there. Different tasks may require different levels of compliance, speed, or other operational modes. • Unknown position upon startup, the controlling software has no notion of the servo's current position. Thus, the servo will snap directly to its first position command, resulting in large and sudden motion. This is not an issue for small linkages like a pan/tilt camera or flaps on a model plane, but is a serious problem in robotics where arms and legs may have perilous internal or external collisions. • Unknown load users cannot detect collisions or measure weight and pressure distribution. Safety features that prevent burnout or excessive wear cannot be implemented without load feedback. • Cabling Each analog signal requires a dedicated signaling wire. A well actuated manipulator will need many wires to carry the control signal out to each individual servo, increasing weight and risk of snagging or pinching wires. Some of Hitec's HSR series of servos (HSR-5990, HSR8498) do provide communication options beyond PWM. Designated as Hitec Multi-protocol Interface (HMI), this allows the same cable to be used as a common PWM interface, or a 19200 baud serial-TTL line. The PWM interface is bidirectional, where a set of special pulse lengths can switch between different pre-defined control parameter sets, or request the servo to send pulse width response to indicate its current position. However, the manufacturer's documentation for the PWM queries notes: "Because the positional feedback [...] operates in conjunction with the PWM control function, there is a chance that a communication error will occur 10% of the time." [3] The PWM read signal also interrupts the torque control (putting the servo into a back-drivable state until the next position command is received), and requires servo controllers to add sensing circuitry to the signaling pin for each servo to read the result. This mode is neither well implemented nor widely available. The serial protocol, on the other hand, is more promising for flexible digital communication, but it is currently almost entirely unpublicized. For example, most of the servo specification sheets list PWM as the only communication interface, even if it may be noted elsewhere that the servo supports HMI. Documentation is incomplete regarding commands needed for tasks such as setting the PID parameters or changing servo IDs, relegating this functionality to Hitec's Digital Servo Programmer hardware tool. A more attractive alternative is the Dynamixel line of servos from Robotis, which has a well documented protocol and a 1 megabaud serial TTL connection. These servos provide comparable torque, and provide speed, load, and position feedback, yet are priced lower than Hitec's. Controller parameters can also be configured. The servos allow 300° range of travel for position control, and can be switched into a "free spin" mode for continuous rotation under speed control, which can pass through the 60° dead zone. Due to these advantages, the Dynamixel servo was selected for further study as to its feasibility for precision control and dynamic operation. II. DYNAMIXEL FEATURES


In a previous trial (Journal Watch Jan 3 2003), erythropoietin decreased transfusions but not mortality in adult intensive care unit patients with


Rubisco activase (Rca) is a catalytic chaperone involved in modulating the activity of RuBisCO which is a key enzyme of photosynthetic pathway. Here, we identified twelve putative Rca transcripts from wheat through de novo transcriptomic approach. Based on the digital fold expression, transcript_50 was targeted for the cloning. We cloned a putative Rca transcript of 1.6 kb from wheat cultivar RAJ3765 through RTPCR. BLASTn search showed maximum homology with Rubisco activase reported from Triticum aestivum. The cloned gene has ORF of 1284 nt with 5' UTR region of 75 nt and 3' UTR region of 242 nt. The Rca sequence was submitted in NCBI GenBank with accession no. KU291395. The cloned Rca gene was observed to be localised on the chromosome 4D of Triticum aestivum based on the genome data available in Ensemble Plants. Conserved domain analysis showed the presence of conserved Walker A and Walker B signature sequence of nucleotide binding motif of protein belonging to P_loop NTPase superfamily. Rca protein was predicted to be chloroplast-localized with numerous potential phosphorylation sites. Expression analysis in diverse wheat genotypes (HD2932, RAJ3765, PBW502 and DBW14) showed very high relative expression of cloned Rca in Raj3765 under control and HStreated conditions, as compared to other cultivars during grain-filling stage of growth. We observed significant increase in the Rca activity under HS of 30oC for 2 h (T1) in all the cultivars, which further reduces with increase in the HS temperature. Similar pattern of activity was observed in case of RuBisCO. We observed maximum activity of SOD, Catalase, and Guaiacol peroxidase in thermotolerant wheat cvs. in response to HS of 38oC for 2 h (T2), compared to thermosensitive cvs., during mealy-ripe stage. We observed very high Total Antioxidant Potential in thermotolerant cvs. under HS (RAJ3765 and DBW14) at grain-filling stage. There is, however, need to explore many more Rca isoforms in such an important crop like wheat, and further their structural manipulation for enhancing the thermal stability of enzyme through protein engineering for sustaining the photosynthetic rate under HS could be a novel approach towards development of 'climate-smart' crop. "उ मीय तनाव के अ तगत काबन प रपाक या को बढ़न ेके लए गेहू ँ से ऊ मा उ तरदायी ब को एि टवेज जीन क खोज"


To improve the quality of infrastructure that is durable and solid, innovation needed to make sure the high quality ofroads. This study aimed at knowing the effect of PET addition in the percentage of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% for asphalt concrete-binder course on Marshall characteristics, and revealing whether the results of Marshall testing with added PET material and carbide waste filler has fulfilled the general specification of Directorate General of Highway 2010. This study used PET plastic addition with variations of 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Each variation of PET content was made on 3 samples for objects testing to obtain values of density, VIM, VMA, VFA, stability, flow, and MQ. The results of this study indicated that the addition of PET plastic content and carbide waste filler affects the value of the asphalt characteristic of Marshall. The most effective addition was at 1% level with a density of 2.23 gr/cc, VIM value of 4.82%, VMA value of 14.58%, VFA value of 67.18%, flow value of 3.30 mm, stability value of 3060.42 kg and MQ value of 936.79 kg/mm. Overall, the addition of PET plastic and carbide waste filler to the characteristics of the marshall.


a similar framework within which the confiicts or feelings associatedwith duodenalulcer may develop. In their study of twins in Denmark,Harvald and Hauge (1966) have found 123 twins with peptic ulcer amongst those of 1900 pairs who have survived at least to the age of 30 years. Of 23 identical pairs, six showedconcordance, and of 41 fraternal pairs of the same sex five showed concordance.This differenceis not greaterthanone would expectto occur by chance(P > 0'1), althoughit is in the same direction as that found in other diseasesfor example,asthma,diabetesandcholelithiasis. Theseauthors refuse to accept this as evidence of a genetic factor, pointing out the likely importanceof environmentalfactors within the family. Doll and Kellock (1961) have consideredand excludedthe effects of age, sexand socialclass in their data, and accept their results as indicative of a genetic factor without any considerationof the less easily categorized factors representing interplay between personality and environment. At the presenttime there is no way out of this dilemma. There is little doubt in the minds of many that psychological factors are important in the understandingof why a personhas a duodenalulcer; but the delineationof the necessaryand sufficient features of these factors is not possible at present. Since their origins may be in the earliest period of development,methodssuch as twin or family studiesareunlikely to separategeneticandacquired factors in the retiology of duodenalulcer.


Plant volatiles are the key information for host-plant selection by herbivorous pests. The attractants based on plant volatiles can function as an important technique for pest control, and is one of the research focuses in green control techniques. But most related researches have not reached the stage of field application. The main reason is that the attractive efficiency was unsatisfactory in field. Some research has shown that field background odor could disturb the olfactory orientation of insect and impair the pest attractiveness of plant volatile-based attractants. Therefore, close attention to the previously-ignored interference of field background odor could speed up the development process of plant volatile-based attractants. In this paper, odor transportation, insect olfactory perception, the interference of background odor with insect olfactory orientation, and the complexity of field background odor and its interference with attractants were summarized and discussed, and coping strategies were suggested to reduce the interference of field background odor in the process of attractant development. The review is expected to promote the innovative development of attractants for crop insect pests.


3 Abstract: Wheat genotypes have to adopt for elevated temperature and atmospheric growing conditions which occur in Sudan resulting from climate change. Twelve wheat bread genotypes were studied at different sowing dates; optimum sowing (15 Nov.) and late sowing (15 Dec.), to test the effect of late sowing on the performance of yield and other agronomic components, during the winter season (2010/2011). Experimental plots were prepared based on split-plot experimental design with three replications. The results revealed significant differences genotypes for the effect of sowing date on the traits, except for days to 50 % flowering, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/plant and number of grains/spike. Moreover, genotypes × sowing date interaction (G × S) showed significant differences for days to 50 % flowering, plant height and 1000-grain weight. For the other traits, G × S showed no significant differences. Under the optimum sowing, the yield was in the range 1.55- 2.80 t ha , while the late sowing the range was 1.20- 2.42 t ha . Late sowing reduced yield/ha 11 by up to 16%. Under the optimum sowing and the late sowing, the genotype TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6 gave the highest yield/ha. In conclusion, the genotypes exhibited great variability due to the effect of late sowing. Among the studied genotypes, TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6, ZAIEM-4, MAZRAA-2, KAUZ/KAPSW and ADEL-3 are the most potential heat-tolerant, stable across contrasting environments (optimum versus late sowing) and with adequate yield potential under optimum sowing conditions compared to the check cultivar Imam.


This paper discusses the unique challenges posed by executives in MBA (Masters of Business Administration) programs and how these challenges can be met insofar as the core information technology (IT) course is concerned, drawing on the experience of the teachers' across four programs, live and on video, over two years, involving more than 250 executive participants. The first section of the paper provides background, including: assumptions about students and course structure; implications for course design related to student learning objectives, student attitude/values, content, structure, experience, time, and evaluation; and the executive MBA environment for this study, as well as issues specific to IT. The student evaluation scheme for a course designed from these assumptions, implications, and environment is presented, including criteria for class participation, learning log, group presentation, and technology book article. An outline of an eight-session information management course is appended. (MES) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** DESIGNING A CORE IT COURSE FOR EXECUTIVE MBA PROGRAMS: OBJECTIVES, STRUCTURE, DELIVERY, AND LESSONS PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY T. Case TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) E. F. Peter Newson The University of Western Ontario Michael Parent The University of Western Ontario Scott Schneberger. The University of Western Ontario INTRODUCTION Professional development and lifelong learning are increasingly important components of organizations' efforts to enhance the knowledge and skill levels of their employees. At the same time, individual managers in organizations have come to appreciate the marketability and mobility that professional and graduate courses afford their careers. It's no wonder, then, that in North America and elsewhere, millions of dollars have been spent, and will continue to be spent, on executive business education (Brecka and Rubach, 1995). For example, a recent count of Executive MBA programs totaled 300 in U.S. News (1997). The goal of this paper is to share our experience and insights regarding the unique challenges posed by executives in MBA programs, and how these challenges may be met insofar as the core information technology course is concerned. In order to do so, we will draw on our experience across four programs, live and on video, over the past two years, involving over 250 executive participants.


This study aims to evaluate the effects of resin I on the n-C7 asphaltene thermal decomposition under an oxidative atmosphere in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles (SNi1Pd1) of NiO and PdO supported over fumed silica nanoparticles. Resin I and n-C7 asphaltenes were characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption of resin I and n-C7 asphaltenes was evaluated using heavy oil model solutions through a combined method of thermogravimetric analysis and softening point measurements. Adsorption isotherms were measured for individual resin I and n-C7 asphaltene samples as well as for different n-C7 asphaltene to resin I ratios of 7 : 3, 1 : 1 and 7 : 3. For the first time, competitive adsorption of n-C7 asphaltene and resin I on functionalized nanoparticles with NiO and PdO is assessed. The oxidation tests were carried out in an air atmosphere for a specific n-C7 asphaltene loading in each sample (ca. 0.20 ± 0.02 mg m−2). In this order, for samples adsorbed from different A : R ratios of 7 : 3, 1 : 1 and 3 : 7, the amounts of resin I adsorbed were 0.06, 0.10 and 0.20 ± 0.01 mg m−2, respectively. Hence, the A : R ratios in the adsorbed phase were 10 : 3, 2 : 1 and 1 : 1. The catalytic effect was measured through thermogravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which evaluated the effluent gases of the catalytic oxidation process. The adsorption isotherms were modeled using the solid-liquid-equilibrium (SLE) model, and the effective activation energies for the oxidation process of the adsorbate were calculated through the non-linear integral method of Vyazovkin (NLN). As a result, it was observed that the temperature of n-C7 asphaltene decomposition did not vary significantly with the inclusion of resin I in the system. Rate of mass loss curves showed that the main peak temperatures of n-C7 asphaltenes and resin I decreased drastically from approximately 500 °C to 250, 260 and 270 °C for resin I loadings over SNi1Pd1 nanoparticles of 0.20, 0.10 and 0.06 mg m−2, respectively. However, the catalytic effect of the nanoparticles was indeed affected, as revealed by the increase in the estimated effective activation energy as the amount of resin I in the system increased. It is expected that this work opens a better outlook about the use of catalytic nanoparticles in the oil and gas industry, mainly in improved (IOR) or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes for heavy and extra-heavy oil upgrading.


Background: High use of seasoning salt is considered as an important cause of the raised risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that has not yet been evaluated in postmenopausal women of Bangladesh. Hence, we attempted to investigate the association of seasoning salt consumption with the absolute risk for CVD in rural postmenopausal women in Bangladesh. In addition, we also assessed the distribution of various CVD risk factors by the consumption of seasoning salt among the study population. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 265 postmenopausal women aged 40–70 years from a rural primary healthcare center by convenience sampling. Of which, a total of 118 women were self-reported seasoning salt consumers. The risk of CVD was assessed by 'Globorisk score' and risk factors were assessed using the modified STEP-wise approach to surveillance questionnaire of the World Health Organization. Results: The consumption of seasoning salt was found very common among postmenopausal women who are comparatively aged ( ≥ 50 years), illiterate, housewives, and from low-income to lower-middle-income groups. No significant CVD risk difference (U=8,312, P=0.56) was found between the consumers and non-consumers of seasoning salt. On contrary to current knowledge, seasoning salt is found as a non-significant predictor (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.59–1.15, P=0.625) of absolute risk of CVD. The study found that the smokeless tobacco consumers use more seasoning salt than their counterparts (U=888, P<0.001). Conclusions: The study did not find any association of seasoning salt consumption with the risk of CVD. We recommended a population-based large-scale study to clarify this finding more precisely.


The consumption of vegetables in daily meals can contribute to a healthy life, since the youth. However, there are few studies that aim to identify the students' eating habits regarding potatoes, carrots and beets. In this aspect, the objective was to evaluate the frequency and reason for consumption of potatoes, carrots and beets by students in the Agronomy area, in a public university federal. To that end, a questionnaire composed of objective questions regarding the socioeconomic profile, frequency and eating habits was applied to 32 students. It was observed that most of the students presented a food frequency in relation to potatoes, carrots and beets, with the potato being the most consumed daily. On average, these vegetables are consumed 2 to 4 times a week, with female participants being the most frequent consumers. It was also observed that the taste (28.12%) and nutritional value (35.42%) are the main factors that lead agronomy students to consume the tuberosas, and their consumption is discouraged due to economic reasons, such as high price and market for potato (50.00%) and carrot (31.25%), and for sensorial issues such as appearance (beet and carrot - 31.25%) and flavor (beet - 31.25%).


This paper describes an approach for countering an issue that can occur when using a high-temperature stage with a diffractometer equipped with double Gobel mirrors. The optical characteristics of the dual-mirror configuration make it more susceptible to intensity loss with sample displacement than conventional parallel-beam secondary optics. This issue has been apparent in the use of a high-temperature stage on a diffractometer equipped with dual mirrors, where data could not be obtained from the full room temperature to 1273 K range without resetting the sample height manually part way through the experiment. A simple technique involving controlled contouring of the sample surface has been demonstrated to allow data to be collected uninterrupted over the full temperature range, while retaining satisfactory intensities. The extent to which this technique extends the tolerable sample displacement range has been quantified using a computer-controlled XYZ stage.


Abstract The volatile constituents of Achillea millefolium ssp. elbursensis were isolated by different methods of distillation (hydrodistillation and steam distillation) and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of A. millefolium ssp. elbursensis oil by hydrodistillation from the fower were chamazulene (54%), camphor (8%) and isoborneol (7.6%), while the leaf oil contained chamazulene (35%), isoborneol (18.2%) and p-cymene (14.8%). The major oil constituents from the fower (by steam distillation) were chamazulene (78.4%) and longifolene (7.6%), while the major constituents of the leaf oil were chamazulene (82.5%) and germacrene B (3.6%).


: Use of traditional machining methods to machine intentionally developed new hard, tough and reinforcement materials is no longer efficient due to greater tool wear, which causes serious surface damage. Thesekinds of materials can be machined with the help of non-traditional machining methods. WEDM is one of the non-traditional methods which provide greater degree of surface finish with high MRR while cutting electrical conductive materials. WEDM performance estimation is based on MRR (Material Removal Rate), WWR (Wire Wear Rate), Kerf width and SR (Surface Roughness). Lots of work has been done by various researchers on WEDM process parameter optimization for various materials.This paper presents a literature review of work done on optimization of various cutting process parameters like: Pulse on time (Ton), Pulse off time (Toff), Wire feed rate, Peak current, Servo voltage, Spark gap set voltage etc.) and the effect of these cutting parameters on performance measures like (MRR, WWR, kerf width and SR etc.) on WEDM. important parameters [15].L. Li. Et. al. checked on the evolution of surface integrity and machining efficiency of WEDM when machining Nickel-based Alloy (IN718). One rough cut (RC) mode and three trim cut (TC) modes were used for this study. Studied machining parameters were material removal efficiency, surface roughness, surface topography, surface alloying and micro hardness. Results explained that Surface roughness in RC mode was different than TC modes. In TC modes micro cracks absent, high toughness of IN 718 would have been the reason for this absence. Micro-cracks exists in white layer of 6-8 µm thickness in RC mode and thin white layers of 0-2 µm free from micro-cracks was observed in TC2 mode. In TC3 mode white layer was invisible [16].A. Goswamiet. al. in his research surface integrity, material removal rate (MRR) and wire wear ratio was investigated for WEDM process using Nimonic 80A as work piece material. ELECTRONICA SPRINTCUT (Electra- Elplus 40A DLX) CNC WEDM was used to perform experiments using soft brass wire of diameter 0.25 mm as tool electrode. Experiments were designed based on Taguchi's design of experiments (DOE). Input process parameters taken was peak current, pulse ON time, pulse OFF time, wire speed, wire tension, wire offset, spark gap and pulse peak voltage, servo voltage, flushing pressure as constant process parameters. After machining, Scanned Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed on machined work piece samples to study microstructure. It was concluded that thicker recast layer results through higher pulse ON time setting. The wire deposition on machined surface was lower when using lower pulse ON time and higher pulse OFF time settings [17]. S. Ramesh et. al. contributed an effort to obtain maximum surface finish in WEDM dealing with multi cutting passes while machining Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) obtained through past researchers work. Gap voltage, Pulse on time, Pulse off time and Wire feed were selected as Input parameters. TOPSIS was used for Optimization of Multi performance characteristics like MRR and kerf width. The suggested methodology can be employed for any type of selection problem involving any number of selection criterions [23].J.R. Mevadaet. al. investigated the wire wear rate with relation to separate machining parameters such as peak current, pulse ON/OFF time through factorial design of experiment. EN-8 material was used as work piece and molybdenum wire of 0.18 mm was selected as tool material for the experiments. The effect of peak current, pulse ON/OFF time on wire wear was analyzed through ANOVA. It was concluded that wire wear increases with increase peak current and pulse ON time. Also, it was found that wire wear was not much affected with pulse OFF time D.S. Kumar et.al. evaluated performance of WEDM parameter (Surface Roughness) while using Al6063/Sicp composite as work piece. Experiments suggested selection of 4 process parameters (Pulse on time, Pulse off time, gap voltage, wire feed) as input parameters. Sic was mixed in 5%, 10% & 15% different proportions in Aluminum through stir casting method and then machining of pure Al 6063 and Al MMC was done. It was found that Surface Roughness (Ra) increases on provided increment in percentage fraction of Sic particles in MMC. Another result so found was relative importance of process parameters which were Pulse off time, Wire feed, Pulse on time and Voltage for surface roughness in WEDM process [25]. V. Parasharet.al. investigated kerf width for WEDM with Stainless Steel grade 304L as workpiece material & CNC Ezeecut WEDM machine was used for execution of experiments. Tool electrode is selected of Brass wire of 0.25 mm diameter. The variables affecting the kerf width were determined through


Topics addressed include: methods of tidal analysis; tidal climatologies for the month of December and June; guidelines for construction of monthly climatologies; and future plans.


By adding 1 to elements of the nilradical and Jacobson radical of a ring with identity, normal subgroups of the group of units are obtained. In this paper we record observations about complementation of these subgroups in the group of units of a ring, identifying large classes where complementation takes place and some examples where it fails.


The article is focused to the methodology of computer modeling of laser cutting process on stainless steel plate. Cutting plate of 5 mm in thickness was made in the Laser Center TU Vienna. Computer modeling of the laser cutting process is oriented on gradation of models from simple thermal model to combined thermal-fluid analysis. The results from of the model application with shell elements with killing elements are shown. Energy source geometry and beam penetration influence on temperature field in the cutting area are documented by results from the solid model in ANSYS and SYSWELD code. Authors considered thermal-fluid model whose proposal is in the article as the model closest to reality. Processing of simulation models are supported with obtained data from real experiment.