Within household laundry applications, surfactant manufacturers are continuously being challenged to provide better cleaning in an environment of changing legislation, appliances, wash temperature, textiles, product forms and consumer preferences. To achieve optimum detergency, foam control agents are commonly added to household laundry products to prevent excessive foam formation, especially in the high foaming, horizontal axis washing machines prevalent in Europe. Whilst it is well known that addition of alcohol ethoxylates significantly reduces the foam levels in surfactant solutions containing linear alkylbenzenesulphonate and alkyl sulphates, this study revealed that the chemical composition and molecular structure of the alcohol ethoxylate were also important factors. In contrast, the chemical composition and molecular structure of the alkyl sulphate surfactants had relatively little impact. This study also highlights the need to consider the cost and robustness of the foam control agent at the early stages of surfactant introduction.


The invention relates to a multi-arm structure photoelectric-function material based on triindene elements, which is a multi-arm structure fluorenyl derivative using phenylcarbazole-modified triindene as the core and fluorene oligomers as the branch arms. The general formula of the multi-arm structure fluorenyl derivative is disclosed as Formula I in the specification, wherein R is a C1-C30 alkyl group; Ar is a conjugated-structure fluorescence chromophore selected from fluorene derivatives, such as alkyl fluorene, aryl fluorene and the like; X is a capping group selected from hydrogen; and n stands for the number of Ars, specifically a natural number between 1 and 3. The multi-arm structure photoelectric-function material based on triindene elements has excellent amorphous property, film-forming property and thermal stability; a conventional column chromatography method can be used for purification to obtain a high-chemical-purity material, and a simple solution processing method can be used for preparing an organic electronic thin-film device; and the multi-arm structure photoelectric-function material based on triindene elements can be widely used as a luminescent material in an organic luminescent device, especially a stable high-efficiency blue organic electroluminescent thin-film device.


1. Diverse sites have long‐attracted ecologists, yet the overwhelming variety of species can confound attempts to enumerate species richness. Various predictive methods estimate species richness by comparing the rate at which species are first detected with the rate at which they are detected again, yielding richness estimates of known precision without exhaustive sampling.


This study aims to determine differences in financial performance of the
stock-split firms and companies that do not do stock splits. Study sample are
manufacturing firms that go public in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the
period 2002 to 2009. Measurement of financial performance using seven
variables: current ratio, quick ratio, the average age of accounts receivable, fixed
assets turnover, turnover of total assets, total debt to total assets, and ROI.
Samples of this study using 42 samples consisted of 21 companies that the stocksplit
and 21 companies that do not do stock splits. Selection of the sample using
purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques used in this study were different test
independent sample t test and Mann Whitney test. The data used were obtained
from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory. Results of studies using samples of
42 companies in the manufacturing company based statistical tests using the
current ratio, quick ratio, the average age of accounts receivable, total debt to
total assets, and the ROI is not there a significant difference, while significant
differences indicated by the fixed assets turnover ratio and total assets turnover.
The results do not support the signaling theory which states that only companies
with good financial performance that is able to perform a stock split as a stock
split does not add economic value of the company.
Keywords : stock split, the ratio of financial, manufacturing companies in BEI


Since this will be the last general membership meeting at which I will preside, I plan to take this opportunity to share with you some thoughts concerning the changes taking place in our industry along with some challenges and opportunities I see for the Society in the coming decade.


The use of literature in EFL/ESL classroom was a well-established tradition; but in recent years, there has been an uneasy relationship between language and literature. With the inception of CLT in Bangladesh, special concentration has been given on functional English texts neglecting literature, particularly poetry in language classroom. Therefore, most of the English teachers like to skip the lesson (containing poetry) or finish it in a very short time, for they tend to think it less important than other lessons. However, present-day studies find that poetry, like other genres, functions not only as a model of language but also as a springboard for teaching four skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing). The aim of this article is to review the importance of poetry as a language teaching content and show a model lesson plan how poetry may be used in L2 classroom. In this regard, Robert Frost's poem, 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' has been demonstrated.


Patients with congestive heart failure and who have a mutation in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene are likely to respond especially well to b blockers, a new study has suggested ( Circulation 2001;103: 1644-8).

The current findings relate to people with the mutation known as the ACE deletion (so called because it lacks a small piece of DNA found in the normal ACE gene). Activation of the renin-angiotensin system is known to adversely affect progression of heart failure. Although the ACE …


Materials and components are manufactured concurrently in a single process in metals additive manufacturing (AM), where metal layers are fabricated on top of each other in the near-final topology necessary for the end-use product. The adoption of modern machine learning algorithms to simulate these degrees of freedom can speed up and lower the cost of understanding metals AM. However, the poor strength of the produced items is determined by the flaws created during laser powder bed fusion. The influence of Laser Power, Scan Speed, Scan Space, and Island Size on the tensile strength of A1Si10Mg alloy, developed by a selective laser melted process, was investigated using machine learning models. Under varied settings, six machine learning models were compared: Deep Learning, Decision Tree, Bagging, Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, and Random Forest. The two top models were found to be Deep Learning and Decision Tree, with prediction levels of 99 percent and 89 percent, respectively. The Laser Power was also discovered to be one of the most influential parameters, and it should be kept on the higher side for improved tensile strength.


Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may have utility in the management of side effects of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Although evidence suggests that LLLT is safe treatment for HNC patients, more research is imperative and vigilance remains warranted to de-tect any potential adverse effects of LLLT on treatment outcomes and survival of HNC patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcranial low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) in combined with whole-body ionizing radiation (IR) on conditioned-reflex activity of rats. Seventy healthy Wistar female rats were distributed into the following groups: Group 1, sham control; Group 2, LLLI; Group 3, IR; Group 4, IR and LLLI. Group 3 and Group 4 chronically ex-posed to IR (30 days; 5,3+/-0,5 mGy/h; 3,7 Gy). Group 2 and Group 4 received five applications of LLLI, once a day for 15 min (wavelength 890 nm, the pulse duration was 100 ns, impulse fre-quency 10000 Hz, output power – 1,7 mW). Cognitive functions of the rats were tested using shut-tle-box avoidance method. The rats were tested 30 minutes later, 24 hours later, and 14 days af-ter the end of LLLI. LLLI and IR in isolated action (groups 2 and 3) did not significantly affect the conditioned reflex activity of rats. The negative effect of combined exposure to these factors (group 4) on the development and reproduction of an active avoidance reflex within 24 hours af-ter exposure was revealed. Gradually this negative effect weakened and within two weeks was leveled. Thus, the combined action of IR and LLLI may pose a potential danger to the cognitive function of the brain.


Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has emerged as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits, with a fast‐growing toolbox of components. This paper proposes, designs, and experimentally demonstrates compact subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides on an LNOI platform for on‐chip mode and polarization manipulation. To overcome the limitation of waveguide fabrication, the SWGs are designed and formed on a silicon nitride thin film deposited onto the surface of LNOI chip. As proof‐of‐concept devices, the SWG‐based spatial mode filters (including a TE1‐mode‐pass filter and a TE2‐mode‐pass filter) and a TM‐pass polarizer are fabricated successfully on the same chip, with the device lengths of only ≈50 μm. The measured insertion losses for the devices are lower than 3.1 dB, with high extinction ratio larger than 30 dB, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed and demonstrated SWGs can serve as important building blocks in a series of mode and polarization handling devices for LNOI integrated photonics.


Novel organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites have been obtained by the condensation polymerization of dibromoarene with Octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane via palladium-catalyzed aryl amination reaction. The structures of polymers are characterized by means of FT-IR, solid 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy; the results show an agreement with the proposed structure, and the POSS building block was successfully weaved in the structure without obvious alteration of the characteristics and structure. TGA results show that polymers possess good thermal stability.


— In this article, we continue a series of studies devoted to the application (use) of the network spatial proximity model. Within this model, the classical architecture of services using location information, which is based on the use of geo-coordinates data provided by users, is replaced by some distributed cyber-physical system. The model explicitly exploits the fact that most location-based services provide some local (local) service. And the geo-coordinates provided by users are used just to determine the proximity when selecting services (services). Within the network proximity model, geo-computation is replaced by direct proximity definitions. And this very proximity measurement is based on determining the availability (visibility) of the signals of wireless network nodes. In this case, both existing nodes of wireless networks can be used, as well as specially created nodes, the main and only task of which is precisely to participate in determining proximity. This article discusses how to build new service models using location information.


The antibodies to cardiolipin (aCL), double stranded DNA (aDNA) and to nuclear axttigcns(Sm, SSA, SSB, Ribonucleoprotein) were prospe, ctivcly investigated in 86 patients of habitual abortion without abilormaiity in their reprodutive system and karyotypes. All


This application discloses a kind of electrolyte of lithium ion battery, comprising organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and additive, the additive includes succinonitrile, fluorobenzene and LiBF4;Fluorobenzene weight/mass percentage composition in the electrolytic solution is 0.1%~15%;Succinonitrile weight/mass percentage composition in the electrolytic solution is 0.1%~10%;LiBF4 weight/mass percentage composition in the electrolytic solution is 0.01%~1%.The electrolyte can be improved while lithium ion battery charging upper limit voltage and high temperature intermittent cyclic performance, reduce cell expansion rate, reduce internal resistance, improve the stability and security of lithium ion battery.


PURPOSE: Provided is instant coffee powder added with a botanic additive, such as powder or concentrates of Xanthium strumarium, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Smilax china, or a mixture thereof. Therefore, the instant coffee powder has very pleasant flavor and a good taste. CONSTITUTION: The instant coffee powder added with a botanic additive is characterized by adding 5-40 wt.% of powder of Xanthium strumarium, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Smilax china, or a mixture thereof to 60-95 wt.% of coffee powder or granules, or adding 2-15 wt.% of concentrates of the above botanic material to 85-98 wt.% of coffee powder or granules. It is optionally added with Siegesbeckia glabrescens Makino., Agrimonia pilosa, Synurus deltoidos, Gastrodia elata BL., Echinopanax horridum, Orostachys japonicus, Acanthopanax nticosus, Paeonia japonica var. pilosa, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Angelica gigas Nakai, Schizandra chinensis Baillon, Epimedium koreanum, Ganoderma Lucidum(FR)Karst and the like.


The adage that there is no data like more data is not new in affective computing; however, with recent advances in deep learning technologies, such as end-to-end learning, the need for extracting big data is greater than ever. Multimedia resources available on social media represent a wealth of data more than large enough to satisfy this need. However, an often prohibitive amount of effort has been required to source and label such instances. As a solution, we introduce Cost-efficient Audio-visual Acquisition via Social-media Small-world Targeting (CAS2 T) for efficient large-scale big data collection from online social media platforms. Our system is based on a unique combination of small-world modelling, unsupervised audio analysis, and semi-supervised active learning. Such an approach facilitates rapid training on entirely new tasks sourced in their entirety from social multimedia. We demonstrate the high capability of our methodology via collection of original datasets containing a range of naturalistic, in-the-wild examples of human behaviours.


The environmental protection cannot be as the responsibility of an organization or a person. All the people considered this issue. People participation in protecting the environment is rooted in people behavior and the related effective factors. In this paper among all the various effects on the behavior, the amount of environmental participation and its relation with personal factors such as gender, age, job and education were evaluated. To do this, 200 people of the residents of Bushehr were selected by multi-stage sampling method and standardized questionnaires were collected at 5-item likert scale. Data analysis was done by independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA and showed that there was no significant diferences between people participation in environmental protection such as gender, age, education and job status. In addition, the results showed the participation of people as 54.5%. The lack of association between personal factors of people with environmental participation is rooted in the lack of familiarity and little information of most of the people to environment and the topic of environment in their final priority. In this study, the lack of close participation to a half of citizens in protecting the environment proved this fact.


The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the social and economic determinants of the human potential of territories development from the standpoint of the modern human-centered concept economic and regional growth. The interrelation of economic growth modern theories and spatial development theories with the human potential of territories (regions) development is analyzed, on the basis of which social and economic determinants of human potential development are substantiated, which determine the need, conditions and parameters for its formation. Several indicators for evaluation and measurement of social and economic determinants of human potential development have been separated, grouped into four blocks of indicators (economic and spatial development, level of well-being, development of knowledge and creative economy), its theoretical and methodological substantiation has been carried out. In order to test the proposed approach, a comparative analysis and assessment of social and economic determinants of human potential development of the regions selected by typical characteristics. Based on the results of calculating the general index of social and economic determinants of regional human development, problem areas have been identified, the regulation of which requires increased attention of regional authorities in the context of developing and improving strategic programs for regional development


The methods of remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor by using GPS and the present situation of real-time GPS water vapor detecting are introduced.Principles of remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor by ground-based GPS are discussed.The basic idea and some key problems of real-time GPS water vapor detecting by using undifference precise point positioning(PPP) technique are introduced, and main error resources by using undifference precise point positioning(PPP) are analyzed and remarked on.


This study examines anti-depressive effects of Garcinia lucida (G. lucida) using the Forced Swimming Test (FST), the Tail Suspension Test (TST) and Sugar Preference Test or anhedonia test after 21 days of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) in mice. Three doses of aqueous extract of G. lucida (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) were used to evaluate activities of this plant on depression-like behaviours in mice. G. lucida showed significant anti-depressive activities in the FST and the TST by specific increase of the delay of immobility occurrence and decrease of immobility time. At dose 200 mg/kg G. lucida exhibits significant (P <0.001) increase of the occurrence of immobility for about 90.6% and dose of 400 mg/kg reduced the immobility time from 111 ± 5.57 s (in the control group) to 26.33 ± 1.82 s in the FST. In the TST, the total immobility time of mice treated by G. lucida significantly decreased for about 25.89%, 32.63% and 35.92 at doses 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively when compared to the control group. In addition, the delay of immobility occurrence has significantly (P <0.01) increase for about 77.79% in the group treated by dose 800 mg/kg of G. lucida. G. lucida showed in the anhedonia test a preference to sweaty water as it consumption consumed significantly (P <0.001) increased from 84.7 mL to 155.29 mL at dose 800 mg/kg. The results revealed that G. lucida possess compounds probably responsible of the anti-depressive effects observed in the FST, the TST and anhedonia test. Ayissi Mbomo Rigobert Espoir, Elle Armand, Ndjock Sebastien Roger, Tene Samuel Boris, Nanga Léopold Didier, Moto Okomolo Fleur Clarisse, Ngo Bum Elisabeth 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Canada 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon Submission: 2 October 2019 Accepted: 7 October 2019 Published: 30 October 2019 www.ijsrm.humanjournals.com Citation: Ayissi Mbomo Rigobert Espoir et al. Ijsrm.Human, 2019; Vol. 13 (4): 78-91. 79 INTRODUCTION Stressful experiences have been reported to favor the development of depression in humans [1,2,3]. Therefore, stress-based animal models were developed to explore depressive phenomena. Depression is thought to result from interactions between the effects of environmental stress and genetic predisposition. Depression is one of the top five most prevalent diseases worldwide. By 2020, it is expected to be the second-leading cause of disability globally. Depression is typically presented as lowered mood, difficulty in thinking, loss of interest and physical complaints such as headache, disturbed sleep, loss of energy and change in sex drive [4,5]. According to the estimations of the WHO, depression will be the second leading cause of disability in 2020 [6]. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that severe forms of depression affect 2-5% of the population worldwide, and up to 20% are affected by milder forms of the disease [7]. Moreover, depressive patients have increased risk to develop cardiovascular diseases and 10-15% of individuals with major depression commit suicide [8]. The need for better-tolerated and more efficient treatments is remaining high. It is becoming very useful considering and looking for alternative and low cost effective herbal therapy, especially in low income countries, where much of the population relies on herbs remedies [9]. The broad use of medicinal plants is often attributable to its efficiency, accessibility and affordability. Moreover, traditional medicine is sometimes the only affordable source of health care in developing countries. G. lucida is a plant found in Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea [10]. Earlier pharmacological studies have shown that bark and seeds extract of G. lucida possesses an inhibitory effect upon the actions of curare [11]. Chemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and polyphenols, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins and glycosides [12,13,14]. The target of the present work is to assess effects of aqueous extract of G. lucida upon depression-like behaviors after 21 days of unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS


This article demonstrates an early modern association between the trade of shoemaking and the act of altering the festal calendar. It traces this link through a series of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English literary texts including Thomas Deloney's Gentle Craft, Thomas Dekker's Shoemaker's Holiday, and Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and — most notably — Henry V. The article argues that the depictions of cobblers making holidays resonated with the early modern English politics of ritual observance, and its concluding discussion of the Saint Crispin's Day speech in Henry V shows how the play imagines king and cobblers vying for control of England's commemorative practice.


Although plunged immediately into a constitutional crisis that brought it into conflict with the European Commission, one year after its decisive parliamentary election victory Poland's right-wing ruling party retains widespread support, in spite of coming again under fire over appointments to state-run companies and the abortion issue. Aleks Szczerbiak argues that the government's fate will ultimately depend upon its ability to deliver on the socio-economic policy promises that were the key to its electoral success.


This study investigated the potential of using bottom ash to be used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. The physical and chemical characteristics of bottom ash were determined, with a series of leaching and adsorption experi- ments performed to evaluate the suitability of bottom ash as an adsorbent material. Trace elements were present, such as silicon and aluminum, indicating that the material had a good adsorption capacity. All heavy metals leached during the Korea standard leaching test (KSLT) passed the regulatory limits for safe disposal, while batch adsorption experiments showed that bottom ash was capable of adsorbing Pb (experimental q e = 0.05 mg/g), wherein the adsorption rate increased with decreasing particle size. The adsorption data were then fitted to kinetic models, including Lagergren first-order and Pseudo-second order, as well as the Elovich equation, and isotherm models, including the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The results showed that pseudo-second order kinetics was the most suitable model for describing the kinetic adsorption, while the Freundlich isotherm best represented the equilibrium sorption onto bottom ash. The maximum sorption capacity and energy of adsorption of bottom ash were 0.315 mg/g and 7.01 KJ/mol, respectively.


Cellular beams were developed in 1987 and are an adaptation of castellated beams having many of the same advantages and disadvantages. There are no published results of tests on cellular beams and there is only one recognised method of analysis and


Ovarian cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women, especially in elderly women. Early detection is of paramount importance for increasing the patient's prognosis and survival rate. Symptoms-based canonical correlation analysis (SBCA) has emerged as a promising technique for risk prediction for ovarian cancer patients. SBCA is a multivariate statistical approach that combines features of principal component analysis and multiple linear regression. It is capable of uncovering relationships between a set of predictor variables and a set of outcome variables. The technique has been found to accurately predict the risks associated with ovarian cancer progression in a variety of populations. This study explores the effectiveness of SBCA as a tool for risk prediction in ovarian cancer patients. Results from this study suggest that SBCA accurately captures the risk factors associated with ovarian cancer progression and can be used to guide early detection and treatment options. This work has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burdensome economic and psychological costs associated with late detection of the disease.


The invention discloses a vehicle environment recognition apparatus which is used for correcting the GPS-based absolute position of a vehicle accurately. The vehicle environment recognition apparatus includes: an image processing unit that acquires image data of captured detection area; a spatial position information generation unit that identifies relative positions of target portions in the detection area from the vehicle based on the image data; a specific object identification unit that identifies a specific object corresponding to the target portions based on the image data and the relative positions and stores the relative positions as image positions; a data position identification unit that identifies a data position, which is a relative position of the specific object from the vehicle, according to GPS-based absolute position of the vehicle and map data; a correction value derivation unit to derive a correction value which is a difference between the image position and the data position; and a position correction unit that corrects the GPS-based absolute position by the derived correction value.


After a decade of Concorde's retire, the interest for another Supersonic Trans-port is coming back. Many aerospace manufacturers and airliners are keen for another Supersonic Transport flying in the sky again. However, most of the current design are only focused on being more fuel efficient and higher customers capacity but not aiming for flying overland to actually reduce the travel time because FAA restricted all aircraft to fly overland. Therefore, this thesis reviewed different designs for low boom aircraft and different strategies for reducing the sonic boom's intensity. The specifi c aim for this thesis is to focus on the sonic boom reduction using energy deposition method to induce hot gas plasma into the upstream flow fi eld to modify the sonic boom signature at the near- eld of the aircraft. Using Eilmer4, the University of Queensland's in house Navier-Stokes integrator help exploring different effect on the hot gas plasma on the upstream to the near- field. This thesis has validated the ability of Eilmer4 for simulating heat injection on the upstream and the effect on the sonic boom. It was then explored the effect with different heat injection power to the sonic boom in a supersonic condition. It has been found that by using the right amount of heat injection on the up-stream, the overpressure of the sonic boom were reduced by 30% by injecting 50kW/m of heat at the tip of the aircraft.


Military commanders currently resupply forward operating bases (FOBs) from a central location within an area of operations mainly via convoy operations in a way that closely resembles vendor managed inventory practices. Commanders must decide when and how much inventory to distribute throughout their area of operations while minimizing soldier risk. Technology currently exists that makes utilizing unmanned cargo aerial vehicles (CUAVs) for resupply an attractive alternative due to the dan– gers of utilizing convoy operations. Enemy actions in wartime environments pose a significant risk to a CUAV's ability to safely deliver supplies to a FOB. This dis– sertation develops a Markov decision process (MDP) model to examine this military inventory routing problem (MILIRP). The first paper examines the structure of the MILIRP by considering a small problem instance and prove value function monotonicity when a sufficient penalty is applied. Moreover, this paper develops a monotone least squares temporal differ– ences (MLSTD) algorithm that exploits this structure and demonstrate its efficacy for approximately solving this problem class. This work compares MLSTD to least squares temporal differences (LSTD), a similar ADP algorithm that does not ex– ploit monotonicity. MLSTD attains a 3.05% optimality gap for a baseline scenario and outperforms LSTD by 31.86% on average in our computational experiments. The second paper expands the problem complexity with additional FOBs. This work gen– erates two new algorithms, Index and Rollout, for the routing portion and implement an LSTD algorithm that utilized these to produce solutions 22% better than myopic generated solutions on average. The third paper greatly increases problem complex– ity with the addition of supply classes. This research formulates an MDP model to


Abstract Single crystals of EA[Q(NO2)2O4] · 4H2O (EA = Ca. Sr) were grown in aqueous silicagel. Ca2+ has CN 8. It is surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms of two bis-chelating [C6(NO2)2O4]2- ions and 4 water molecules, which form a distorted, bi-capped trigonal prism. Sr2+ is coordinated similarly, with an additional water molecule joining the coordination sphere to yield CN 8+1. Corrugated chains extending along [010] and consisting of EA2+ and nitranilate ions are the main feature of the crystal structure. Adjacent chains are interlinked by hydrogen bonds.


УДК 517.537.72
We study the growth of a Dirichlet series with zero abscissa of absolute convergence with respect to the entire Dirichlet series by using the generalized quantities of order  and lower order  where   is the function inverse to and is a positive increasing function growing to


New brake-pad materials are inhomogeneous compounds with a variety of metallic and ceramic phases, whose interaction with the tool during the grinding operation is not fully understood. Yet, ground surface quality strongly influences the bedding-in phase. This research surveys how grinding operation affects the pad surface. The purpose is pursued by adopting an investigation protocol merging macroscopic outcomes with the study of chip-removal mechanisms and of the ground surface morphology in the micro-scale. A specific set of grinding tests is carried out on the friction material under different kinematic conditions. Macroscopic indicators of the process performances are measured and modeled. At a closer look, the ground surface shows a complex morphology that cannot be completely described by roughness values, but depends on how the various phases are distributed in the material and how they are affected by the tool during abrasion. A multi-scale inspection procedure is proposed to assess the performances of a machining operation on complex materials, where the descriptive power of standard technological tests becomes inadequate.


1. Although pollution is a major driver of ecosystem change, models predicting the environmental fate of contaminants suffer from critical uncertainties related to oversimplifying the dynamics of the biological compartment. 2. It is increasingly recognized that contaminant processing is an outcome of ecosystem functioning, that ecosystem functioning is contingent on community structure and that community structure is influenced by organismal dispersal. We propose a con ceptual organization of the contribution of organismal dispersal to local contaminant fate. Direct dispersal effects occur when the dispersing organism directly couples contaminant stocks in spatially separate ecosystems by transporting contaminants in its biomass. Indirect dispersal effects occur when the dispersing organism indirectly influences contaminant fate via community assembly. This can occur either when the dispersing organism is a contaminant processor or when the dispersing organism al -ters, via species interactions, the abundance of contaminant biotransporters or pro cessors already established in the ecosystem. The magnitude of direct and indirect dispersal effects is modulated by many factors, including other contaminants. These will influence population growth rates of the dispersing species in the donor ecosys tem, or the probability that a dispersing individual reaches the recipient ecosystem. 3. We provide a review of pertinent literature demonstrating that these two mecha nisms, and their chemical modulation, are well supported or likely to occur in many natural and human-modified landscapes. The literature also demonstrates that they can operate in concert with each other. 4. Synthesis and applications . Managed ecosystems thought to be important contaminant and nutrient sinks, such as artificial ponds and constructed wetlands, should be moni tored and controlled for in-and-out animal movement if contaminant export is found to be relevant. Uncontaminated fishing grounds linked to contaminated sites via movement of dispersing species should be monitored and resident species evaluated for health con sumption advisories. Assessing the success of contaminated site remediation can be im proved by better matching the spatial extent of site remediation and the home range of monitored species. Finally, interagency research fund programmes should be developed that narrow the current gap between the fields of ecology and ecotoxicology.


Introduction Knowledge of the physical state and morphology of internally mixed organic/inorganic aerosol particles is still largely uncertain (Song et al 2012). The wide range of concentrations and properties of organic compounds found within aerosol particles in the atmosphere suggest that liquid-liquid phase separation equilibrium ('LLE') might occur in certain ambient conditions. Predicting the equilibrium composition in multicomponent inorganicorganic aerosol particles using thermodynamic models has remained a challenge. Traditionally the most complex, and seemingly accurate, models rely on minimisation of the Gibbs energy of the system. Currently available thermodynamic methods that account for partitioning between two liquid phases are computationally expensive and do not account for the vast number of organics expected to contribute to the condensed phase. Whilst empirical parameterisations based on organic:sulphate and O:C ratios have been constrained to specific systems (Bertram et al 2011), there is no general consensus on how to account for LLE across a broad range of scenarios. In this study, we reformulate the problem such that it can be solved using a robust and efficient iterative method and thus derive a generic simplified method for predicting coupled VLE and LLE in atmospheric aerosol particles. Comparisons with more complex benchmark models are made (figure 1) along with a discussion as the wider significance of LLE in relation to additional uncertainties in other properties. Using the activity coefficient model AIOMFAC (Zuend et al 2008), partitioning coefficients between two liquid phases are derived based on the assumption of a continuum of forces that represent molecules that interact by London Dispersion forces (hydrocarbons) and molecules that interact by dipoles/hydrogenbonding/electrostatic charges. Organics of atmospheric interest are assumed to form a continuum between Hbonding/dipole interactions at one extreme and purely London Dispersion forces at the other, so all these compounds partition between the two phases (assumed aqueous and hydrocarbon in this study). In this method the composition space is explored to discover the least miscible components (solvents) based on predictions from the AIOMFAC activity coefficient model.


Using the state-of-the art CFD methods, the influence of some important design parameters for the low-solidity cascade diffusers in industrial centrifugal compressors is investigated when 3 cases of solidity, 2 cases of the vane inlet angle and 2 cases of the radius ratio are considered. Numerical approach can be a good choice to get easily the general trend of performance details which are very difficult to measure in the test work. The compressor considered in the present study is the first stage of the industrial gear-driven integral compressor of 600 hp class. Total 12 cases of design variants are studied to suggest a guidance to aerodynamic designers which is useful in practice, because not enough information about the low-solidity cascade diffusers has been found yet. INTRODUCTION In the last few years, considerable progress in the lowsolidity cascade vaned diffusers has been made, expecting an intermediate or better performance between the vaneless and the channel vaned diffusers. In general, they have been thought to give wider range of stable operation, while maintaining the similar level of efficiency of the conventional vaned diffusers with high solidity. Most designs are based on the extensive database of airfoils tested in linear cascades, accumulated by NACA beween about 1940 and 1960 for axial-flow compressors. The final shape of the vanes is obtained by conformal transformation from the rectilinear airfoil form into the radial plane. Since a conventional high-solidity vaned diffuser is sensitive to the incoming flow incidence, especially at a transonic condition such as in the higher level of pressure ratio, the stall-free stable operation range is usually restricted. Therefore, it is hardly used for general industrial applications requiring larger operating ranges. Hayami(2000) performed a series of experiments about the low-solidity cascade diffusers in a transonic centrifugal compressor to broaden the operating range under the control of the geometry of impeller and/or diffuser; one was to reduce the inducer blade camber and the other to reduce the inlet passage width of diffuser. The latter failed to broaden the operating range so much, but improved the higher speed efficiency. Tomaz Kmecl et al.(1999) investigated experimentally the influence of different geometry parameters of 20 lowsolidity cascade diffusers on the stage efficiency and operating range. All diffusers were designed for industrial compressor stages with subsonic diffuser flow and had parallel side walls, diffuser vanes with simple circular arc profiles of constant thickness. The throat area of a diffuser, and consequently the number of diffuser vanes, were found the most important parameters affecting the operating range. The vaneless space extent and the diffuser vane inlet angle had a significant effect on diffuser efficiency. Japikse D.(1996) suggested one design rule for the low-solidity cascade diffusers with NACA-65 series airfoils in modern centrifugal compressor designs which prefers an angle of attack, AOA, of approximately 6 degree or 7 degree, a low lift coefficient, and a solidity from 0.7 to 1.1 depending on the type of application. The present authors have followed the design rule from Japikse D.(1996) in several compressors, but in some cases poor surge margins and/or lower efficiency levels were found. More investigations on the design parameters are required to improve the design rule. In the present study, 12 combinations of the design parameters of the low-solidity cascade diffusers are built to offer the basis of parametric study for an industrial centrifugal


In this paper, we present the work carried out to characterize the spatial variability of seismic site response related to local soil conditions in the city of Milan and its surroundings, an area with ∼3 million inhabitants and a high density of industrial facilities. The area is located at the northwestern end of the Po Plain, a large and deep sedimentary basin in northern Italy. An urban-scale seismo-stratigraphic model is developed based on new passive and active seismic data, supported by the available geological data and stratigraphic information from shallow and deep vertical wells. In particular, 33 single-station and 4 ambient-vibration array measurements are acquired, together with 4 active multichannel analyses of surface waves (MAWS). To estimate the resonant frequencies of the sediments, the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio technique (HVSR) is applied to the ambient-vibration recordings, whereas to determine the Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves from the passive array, the data are analysed using the conventional frequency-wavenumber, the modified spatial autocorrelation and the extended spatial autocorrelation (ESAC) techniques. The array data are used to determine the local shear wave velocity profiles, VS, via joint inversion of the Rayleigh-wave dispersion and ellipticity curves deduced from the HVSR. The results from HVSR show three main bands of amplified frequencies, the first in the range 0.17–0.23 Hz, the second from 0.45 to 0.65 Hz and the third from 3 to 8 Hz. A decreasing trend of the main peaks is observed from the northern to the southern part of the city, allowing us to hypothesize a progressive deepening of the relative regional chrono-stratigraphic unconformities. The passive ambient noise array and MASW highlight the dispersion of the fundamental mode of the Rayleigh-wave in the range 0.4–30 Hz, enabling to obtain detailed Vs. profiles with depth down to about 1.8 km. The seismo-stratigraphic model is used as input for 1D numerical modelling assuming linear soil conditions. The theoretical 1D transfer functions are compared to the HVSR curves evaluated from both ambient noise signals and earthquake waveforms recorded by the IV. MILN station in the last 10 years.


In 1997 the Department of Medical and Psychiatric Social Work at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences investigated the prevalence of domestic violence cases in health care settings as well as the institutional response to them. The methodology was designed with a combination of complementary research techniques which created opportunities to present more detailed and multi-dimensional insights into the interactions between clients and health providers as well as the institutional recognition and monitoring of this process as documented in hospital records. Overall findings noted the shortcomings of the recording systems within hospitals and community health settings to capture the public health crisis of domestic violence. Large and consistent gaps were observed in the type of information and level of detail recorded. Medico-legal cases of female patients were also associated with domestic violence that affected the mental health. Moreover the data showed patterns in the accessibility of different populations to health care facilities. Several recommendations were made based on the results: to develop a protocol for screening the victims institutionalize sensitive attention to domestic violence improve accessibility of services strengthen linkages between health care facilities and other agencies and fill gaps in documentation and monitoring of violence cases.


We present our ideas for modeling groups of interdependent virtual machines in the cloud. We call these models virtual environments. This abstraction is built on top of virtual appliances and the services they provide. We discuss previous attempts in this domain and present our motivations for working on an uncomplicated model for non-expert users of cloud computing such as Web developers and CS students. Visual and internal representations of the model are presented. Early work on a prototype implementation is described. We argue that easier to use models such as ours are needed for today's and tomorrow's distributed applications.


Biophysics is best defined as a mindset than as a specific subject matter (Nobel, 1974; Phillips et al., 2008). The biophysicist strives to quantify biological processes and to analyze them in terms of universal physico-chemical principles such as mass conservation, force balance, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Biophysics has played an important role in the growth of biology, especially in elucidating how the folded structure of proteins determines their function (Anfinsen, 1973; Dobson, 2003), but also in providing a solid foundation for electro-physiology, photosynthesis, respiration, and many other basic biological functions. The lasting contributions of physicists-turned-biologists such as Max Delbruck (Luria and Delbruck, 1943; Delbruck, 1970) and Francis Crick (Watson and Crick, 1953; Crick, 1970) illustrate the power of the physical perspective in biology.


Males of Amphion floridensis Clark were captured in cone traps baited with (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal (bombykal). Greatest trap captures were obtained with the highest dose tested, 1 mg per septum. Male A. floridensis were attracted and captured in bombykal-baited traps throughout much of the day with peak activity 4.5 to 8.5 hr into the natural 12-hr photophase. Attracted males repeatedly contacted bombykal-treated septa but made no copulatory attempts.


An n-step self-avoiding walk on the d-dimensional hypercubic lattice Z is an ordered set ω = (ω(0), ω(1), . . . , ω(n)), with each ω(i) ∈ Z, |ω(i+1)−ω(i)| = 1 for all i (Euclidean distance), and ω(i) 6= ω(j) for i 6= j. Let cn denote the number of n-step self-avoiding walks with ω(0) = 0. It is clear that cn+m ≤ cncm, and hence the sequence {log cn} is subadditive. From this it follows that the limit μ ≡ limn→∞ c n exists, and that cn ≥ μ for all n. This limit μ is known as the connective constant, and was first noted to exist in [14]. In fact it is believed that cn ∼ Aμnnγ−1 as n → ∞, with γ a universal critical exponent. "Universal" means dependent only on the spatial dimension and not on other details of the walk's definition; for example γ is believed to be the same for self-avoiding walks on all two-dimensional lattices such as the square lattice or the triangular lattice. By contrast μ, being roughly a measure of the average number of possible next steps available for a long selfavoiding walk, is not a universal quantity. Because of this lack of universality, the connective constant has received less attention in the literature than the


Effects of exogenous spermidine(0.1 mmol·L-1) on the chlorophyll,soluble sugar,soluble protein contents and oxidation resistance system in leaves of Eichhornia crassipes under Hg2+(0,10,20,30 and 40 μmol·L-1) stress were studied.The results showed that,(1)with the increasing of Hg2+ concentrations,the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b increased at first and then decreased,and they reach the highest at 10 μmol·L-1 Hg2+,then exogenous spermidine lift the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.(2)The content of soluble protein increased at first and then decreased,the content of soluble sugar increased distantly,and the exogenous spermidine lift them.(3)The contents of AsA,GSH and the activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX,GR increased at first and decreased later,exogenous spermidine lift them.(4)The content of H2O2,MDA and the generation rate of O-·2-increased distantly,and exogenous spermidine decreased them.So Hg2+ desoryded E.crassipes seriously,exogenous spermidine enhanced the resistance of Hg2+ in leaves of E.crassipes.


【Objective】To construct the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-RUNX3 and to express it in human bladder cancer T24 cells. 【Methods】 The RUNX3 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from human normal bladder tissue, and was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-RUNX3 was constructed by introducing RUNX3 DNA fragment into the pIRES2-EGFP vector, and was confirmed by EcoRI and XhoI digestion analysis. The pIRES2-EGFP- RUNX3 was transfected into human bladder cancer T24 cells using lipofectamineTM 2000. The expressed EGFP was observed under fluorescent microscope. 【Results】 The eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-RUNX3 was successfully constructed and transfected into human bladder cancer T24 cells. The transfected human bladder cancer displaying green fluorescence was observed under fluorescence microscope. 【Conclusions】 The eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-RUNX3 was constructed and EGFP could be expressed in human bladder cancer T24 cells. The present study laid the foundation for the further research of the relation of RUNX3 and human bladder cancer.


THE STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF AN ARRAY OF MICRON SCALE CANTILEVERS IN VISCOUS FLUID BY MATTHEW T. CLARK The stochastic dynamics of an array of closely spaced micron scale cantilevers in a viscous fluid is considered. The stochastic cantilever dynamics are due to the constant buffeting of fluid particles by Brownian motion and the dynamics of adjacent cantilevers are correlated due to long range effects of fluid dynamics. The measurement sensitivity of an experimental setup is limited by the magnitude of inherent stochastic motion. However, the magnitude of this noise can be decreased using correlated measurements allowing for improved force resolution. A correlated scheme is proposed using two atomic force microscope cantilevers for the purpose of analyzing the dynamics of single molecules in real time, a regime that is difficult to observe using current technologies. Using a recently proposed thermodynamic approach the hydrodynamic coupling of an array of cantilevers is quantified for precise experimental conditions through deterministic numerical simulations. Results are presented for an array of two readily available micron-scale cantilevers yielding the possible force sensitivity and time resolution of correlated measurements. This measurement scheme is capable of achieving a force resolution that is more than three fold more sensitive than that of a single cantilever when the two cantilevers are separated by 200nm, with a time scale on the order of tens of microseconds. Library Rights Statement In presenting the thesis The Stochastic Dynamics of an Array of Micron Scale Cantilevers in Viscous Fluid in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying as provided for by the Copyright Law of the U.S. (Title 17, U.S. Code) of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Librarian. It is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. I hereby grant permission to the VPI&SU Library to copy my thesis for scholarly purposes.


This article examines the terminology used in the Hebrew Labor picketing campaign of the 1920s and 1930s. It considers the framework within which the Histadrut conceived its efforts——using metaphors of war, religion, morality, and medicine and illness——and surveys the terms used to describe the Palestinian worker. Finally, the language of Hebrew Labor opponents——grove owners and parties to the left of the mainstream Labor Zionists——is examined in the context of rebuttals to Histadrut claims and charges.


Patients with category specific recognition impairments for living and non living things have played a crucial role in developing current theories of semantic memory and object recognition. This paper reviews a number of the classic cases and discusses the theories that have been developed to account for these impairments. The first reports of patients with category specific recognition impairments for living and non living things were documented by Nielsen, who argued that they arose because living and non living things were stored in functionally and anatomically separate systems. Although this hypothesishas been reiterated in some recent papers, the most widespread view hasbeen that they emerge because living andnon living thingshave contrasting processing demands. The latter accounts include those which stress the relative importance of: the 'weighting of sensory and functional features associated with living and non living things; the role of structural similarity between objects; the role of direct ...


Clinical trials have shown that high-dose proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), given after upper endoscopy in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, reduce


Abstract Objective: Efficacy of insert and supra-aural earphones during visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) was investigated for 12- to 24-month-old children. Design: VRA testing began in the soundfield and transitioned to either insert or supra-aural earphones. Audiologists recorded threshold estimates, participant behaviors, and an overall subjective rating of earphone acceptance. Study sample: One hundred and eighty-six 12- to 24-month-old children referred to the Department of Audiology at St. Louis Children's Hospital for a variety of reasons. Results: Subjective ratings indicated high acceptance of insert earphones (84%) and supra-aural earphones (80%) despite negative behaviors. There was no significant difference in the number of threshold estimates based on earphone type for 12- to 17-month-old participants. Participants in the 18- to 24-month-old age group provided significantly more threshold estimates with insert earphones (mean = 5.3 threshold estimates, SD = 3.5) than with supra-aural earphones (mean = 2.9 threshold estimates, SD = 2.9). All seven participants who rejected earphone placement were successfully reconditioned for soundfield testing. Conclusions: Data support the use of insert earphones during VRA, especially with 18-to 24-month-old children, to obtain ear-specific information.


Theoretical works have indicated that carbon nitride, in a {beta}-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} phase, would have optical and mechanical properties comparable to or exceeding those of diamond. In this effort, the formation of carbon nitride thin films was investigated using a Plasma Assisted Ion Beam Deposition (PAIBD). In this technique, a C{sup {minus}} ion beam combined with a N{sub 2} or NH{sub 3} RF plasma source is used to synthesize carbon nitride films. These films were investigated as a function of both C{sup {minus}} ion beam energy and the power of the plasma source. The C{sup {minus}} ion energy was found to be a key parameter in the formation of carbon nitride. The films were evaluated by a variety of diagnostic techniques including Raman, AES, XRD and FTIR. Analysis confirms high nitrogen concentration in the synthesized films and the major portion of carbon being single bonds in the sp{sup 3} bond configuration, which is a characteristic of the tetrahedral {beta}-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} phase. Tribology tests confirmed that the friction coefficient and the wear rate are comparable to diamond. The results show that the higher C{sup {minus}} ion beam energy ({approximately} 150 eV) forms insulating films with the highest single bond percentagesmore » in the range studied. The authors believed beam energy control is critical to the types of bonds formed.« less


UK government policy of "fast-track" deportation for some migrants, including some unaccompanied minors, with less than 72 hours notice is unlawful, the Court of Appeal has ruled.

Three appeal court judges dismissed the Home Office's appeal from a high court judgment last year in a challenge by the charity Medical Justice to UK Border Agency (UKBA) policy adopted in January 2010 allowing removal on short notice in some cases. The cases included unaccompanied minors at risk of absconding, those where notification might create a suicide risk …


The International Health Regulations (IHR) are an international legal instrument that requires countries to report certain disease outbreaks and public health events to WHO. Their aim is to help the international community prevent and respond to acute public health risks that have the potential to cross borders and threaten people worldwide. They cover not only certain diseases but also biological (zoonotic, food safety and other infectious hazards), chemical, radiological or nuclear hazards. Dangerous releases of chemicals can arise from technological incidents, natural disasters, conflicts and terrorism and may need international cooperation to deal with them.


Grenoble and Toulouse are the leading french urban innovation systems outside Paris. This paper analyses their genesis. Their story has two different sides : the scientific one and the industrial one. The scientific histories of the two towns are very similar since the creation of electrical institutes in the beginning of this century, but their industrial histories are very different. In Grenoble, sciencebased industry is very ancient and is from a long time connected with universities and science organizations. In Toulouse, science-based industry is the result of national policies and its connection with universities and laboratories came much later. Despite this difference, the two urban innovation systems are very similar now.


Abstract The RST-structure for discrete-time controllers provides an elegant design method, both for reference tracking and disturbance rejection, once the discrete model of the process is known and a model transfer function for the closed loop is chosen. Complete cancellation of steady state errors in response to polynomial or sinusoidal reference signals, or a combination of both, without any signal lag at the output, is achieved by the solution of an auxiliary Diophantine equation. The flexibility of this design makes it easily adaptable to various kinds of publics, to match their own requirements without going into all details.


This empirical study describes the relationship between discrimination against gay teachers, the way teachers manage their identity and self-esteem, and the acceptance of self and others. It describes the reasons for this research, reviews related literature, and presents the methodology, findings and recommendations for future research. The book documents the lack of substantive differences in personality characteristics and offers data that could foster insight and knowledge in debates about gays in the professions.


The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), the Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts (CUASA) and the OTH Regensburg, University of Applied Sciences (OTHR) established an English taught international cooperative bachelor program in the area of Engineering Physics/Optoelectronics. Students from China study their first four semesters at USST. They continue their studies in Germany for the last three semesters, including an internship and a bachelor thesis, graduating with a Chinese and a German bachelor degree. Students from Germany study their third and fourth semester at USST to gain international experience. While the first cohort of Chinese students is currently in Germany, the second cohort of German students is in Shanghai. Up to now the feedback regarding this study program is completely positive, thus it is planned to develop it further.


Customer satisfaction is the key for companies to win business competition to achieve this the role of promotion, market orientation and service quality becomes very important. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of promotion and market orientation on customer satisfaction by mediating service quality at Honda Pontang Perkasa motorcycle dealers, Serang Regency. This study used primary data from the results of the distribution of questionnaires to 160 respondents using accidental sampling or convenience sampling techniques. Method of analysis using the PLS-SEM approach. The results of the study show that promotion has a direct effect on service quality and customer satisfaction, market orientation does not affect service quality and customer satisfaction and service quality has a direct effect on customer satisfaction, in addition, there is a mediation effect between promotion on customer satisfaction through service quality and no mediation effect between market orientation and customer satisfaction through service quality


A random search technique for function minimization is proposed that incorporates the step-size and direction adaptivity of Hooke and Jeeves' [1] pattern search. Experimental results for a variety of functions indicate that the random pattern search is more effective than the corresponding deterministic method for a class of problems with hard constraints.


The early development of the down feathers was investigated in White Leghorns, Plymouth Rocks, and their hybrid from a morphological point of view.In White Loghorns, the rudiments of the feather appear at about 10 or 11 days of incubation. The first indication of feather formation is an upward growth of the dermis and the consequent production of a papilla. As the papilla grows, it projects over the surface, with its base becoming embedded more and more deeply in the dermis. Five successive stages of the growth of a feather are shown in Figs. 2 to 6.The manner of feather formation in Plymouth Rocks is essentially the same as that in White Leghorns, though numerous melanophores appear in the inner layer of the epidermis (Figs. 7 and 9). Some of the typical melauophores are shown in Fig. 11.In the hybrid (White Leghorn _??__??_ ×Plymouth Rock _??__??_), melanophores also appear in the inner layer of the epidermis, but are rery small in number as compared with the case of Plymouth Rocks. Each melanophore is loosely packed with melanin granules (Eig. 12).


This essay attempts to describe the influence of a prominent Muslim Egyptian scholar in the early nineteenth century, who initiated a reform movement in a scholar from the Indo-Malay world. Muhammad 'Abduh (1265-1323 A.H./1849-1905 C.E.) was regarded as the founder of Islamic modernism, an intellectual trend in religious thought to make Islam capable of facing the advent of modernization. He had advocated the importance of rationalism in the understanding of religion with the hope to liberate the
Muslims' mind from stagnation, so as to enable them to progress in tandem with the process of modernization.
Hiirun Nasution (1337-1419 A.H./1919-1998 C.E.), a prominent
scholar of lndonesia was greatly influenced by 'Abduh's rational approach in religion. The impact of 'Abduh on Harun Nasution was obvious. The latter's work, Muhammad 'Abduh dan Teologi Rational Mu'tazilah was in
fact his Ph.D. thesis at the McGill University completed in 1968 under the title The place of reason in 'Abduh's theology; Its impact on his theological system and views. Harun Nasution had called for the revival of the Mu'tazilah theology as an effective means to propel the ummah to greater heights vis-a-vis to the demands of modernization.


Introduction: Neonatal morbidity and mortality, a sensitive indicator which indicates the availability, utilization, and effectiveness of maternal and child health services in the community, are major global public health challenges. The objective of the study was to find out the maternal and neonatal factors associated with neonatal morbidity in selected hospital of Nepal.
Methods: This was a hospital based prospective follow up study conducted among babies nested for case control study design. Among 1104 babies, 368 babies with low birth weight and 736 babies with normal birth weight were followed up after 28 days of birth and morbidity was assessed.
Result: Neonatal morbidity was about 131/1000 neonates. Neonates who were living in kachcha house [AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: (1.17-3.53), p=0.012], had low birth weight [AOR: 3.46, 95% CI: (2.19-5.48), p<0.001] and had born in wet season [AOR: 3.10, 95% CI: (1.94-4.95), p<0.001] were significantly associated with neonatal morbidity.
Conclusion: The study identified 'living in kachcha house, low birth weight and born in wet season' as the major contributors to neonatal morbidity. Providing financial as well as technical support for the construction of house, improving maternal health and nutrition, antenatal care and practicing proper care of newborn babies especially low birth weight babies will help to improve neonatal outcome.


1.1 Composite material design idea for shielding mixed radiation What we have done is to design a shielding material of high performance secures us or nuclear facilities from radiation. However, most of you are unfamiliar with nuclear physics, so here you may consider the nuclear radiation shielding, the transportation of neutrons and other particles in material, as small balls with velocity rolling on the surface of Mars. Admittedly, this hypothesis is questionable, but it may prepare you for understanding. Now, we take neutron transportation as an example. In left of Fig.1, Twenty small bolls of high speed (fast neutrons) roll towards right on Mars. Some of them, three or more, trapped by hollows disappear, the others have collided against the rocks scatter with lower energy, only a few of them may go across holding tiny energy (thermal neutrons). Nuclear reaction cross sections determine probability of trapping and collision.


ABSTRACT Scarcity of good quality water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture, especially in semi-arid regions, which induces the use of waters with high salt concentration in crop irrigation. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomass accumulation and production components of colored cotton genotypes during the different development stages, under conditions of high salinity, with plants grown in lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, at the Center for Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Three cotton genotypes ('BRS Rubi', 'BRS Topázio' and 'BRS Safira') irrigated with salinized water (9 dS m-1) during the three stages of crop development (vegetative, flowering and fruiting) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three repetitions and three plants per plot, in drainage lysimeters filled with 24.5 kg of an Oxisol, with sandy loam texture. Irrigation with salinized water during the vegetative stage promoted greater phytomass accumulation in the genotypes of naturally colored cotton. In the initial stages of the cotton development, irrigation with saline water can be used with the lowest losses in production components, which are negatively affected when saline water is applied in the fruiting stage. Among the genotypes, 'BRS Topázio' is the most tolerant to irrigation water salinity in terms of seed cotton weight and lint cotton weight, regardless of the development stage.


The ecological situation in the zone of influence of metallurgical production is investigated and alternative directions of the solution of the problem of reducing pollution of atmospheric air


This paper attempts to provide a new model for the analysis of a Persian-language web traffic graph. This graph was generated according to the relationship link between two websites, based on the inbound and outbound traffic of each website. The essential information for generating the graph was retrieved from Alexa.com. The graph was then analyzed using several social network analysis techniques. The results of this study indicated that influential websites can be identified using a combination of factors, such as betweenness centrality, In degree and Out degree of traffic in the network. Additionally, influential websites can make profitable modifications which would be in line with improving the quality of the content of Persian-language websites, including a greater number of overall visits.


Recent censuses have revealed consistently a high degree of black‐white residential segregation in larger cities and suburbs, but data deficiencies have limited similar studies in smaller communities. An opportunity to correct this shortcoming for Mississippi occurred in 1980. We present indexes of residential segregation for each community in the state with at least 250 households, and analyze patterns of relation between degree of residential segregation and other characteristics of the communities, including proportion black, total population size, region within the state, and a ratio of black to white income. Results reveal a high degree of segregation across Mississippi, with the magnitude somewhat greater in the Delta and the Piney Woods and somewhat lower on the Gulf Coast. Segregation is particularly sensitive to black‐white income differences; it is greater where the income gap between the races is wider.


Biogas is one of the alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly, inexpensive, easily available, renewable, and can be used as a substitute for gasoline for motor gasoline. For the use of biogas in the motor gasoline is necessary to improve the quality of biogas that is more optimal use of biogas when used as fuel. This study aims to determine the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) during the purification of biogas by using absorber Ca (OH) 2 to the elevated levels of CH 4 in biogas and its effect when testing the performance of the motor fuel, which indicate the performance of the motor fuel is the torque, power and effective specific Fuel Consumption effective. In this study, the biogas will be purified by varying the flow rate is var I (5 liters / min), var II (10 ltr / min) and var III (15 ltr / min), and biogas purification degan best quality results will be compared with biogas before purification by way of testing the motor performance in round 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm,3500rpm and 4500 rpm. The result showed that the purification of biogas menggunan Ca (OH) 2 at a rate var II (10 ltr / min) produced the best biogas CH 4 content of 91.0%, better than the variations I and III variations, and the results of performance testing of the motor fuel showed improvement menghasillkan better quality. Judging from rotation 4500 rpm for prior purification 5.9399 Nm torque, power and SFCe effective 2797.7079 W 0.000164 (kg / jam.W), whereas after purification 6.5821 Nm torque, effective power 3100.1628 W and SFCe 0.000113 (kg / jam.W)


Amyloid light chain (AL) cardiomyopathy is the most malignant specific cardiomyopathy. According to international recommendations, it should be ruled out non‐invasively using the serum free light chain (FLC) ratio and immunofixation electrophoresis in both serum and urine. Here, we report on a 69‐year‐old female patient with new‐onset heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction. Cardiac imaging was highly suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloid scintigraphy showed faint myocardial tracer uptake according to Perugini Score 1, but immunofixation was negative and the FLC ratio was normal, despite a slight increase in lambda FLCs. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed advanced myocardial lambda immunoglobulin light chain deposition. Clinically relevant extracardiac amyloid organ infiltration could not be detected. Conclusively, non‐invasive testing can in rare cases fail to exclude isolated AL amyloid cardiomyopathy. We suggest that even slight increases in serum lambda or kappa FLCs should be considered abnormal in suspected cardiac amyloidosis if non‐invasive testing delivers discrepant results.


The first in the world Medical Institute for Postgraduate Training was founded in 1885. For the period of its existence more than 100 thousand surgeons and physicians of adjacent specialties could improve their qualification.


'The ' pos i t i ve ' sense of the word ' l i b e r t y ' derives from the wish on the par t of t h e individual t o be h is own master. I wish my l i f e and ddcisions t o depend on myself, n o t on external forces of whatever k i n d . I 'wish t o be the instrument o f my own, not of other men's, ac t s of w i l l . I wish t o be a subjec t , not an object ; t o be moved by reasons, by conscious purposes, which a re my own, n o t by causes which a f f ec t me, as i t were ' from outs ide . ' (Berl in , 1969, p.131).


During start up and shut down of a proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), the performance and lifetime of PEMFC were reduced. In this study, effect of startup and shutdown were investigated in dead-end type PEMFC using oxygen as a cathode gas with polarization curve, impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dummy load which eliminates residual hydrogen and oxygen during startup and shutdown operation should be applied to mitigated the degradation of PEMFC performance. At 50% relative humidity (RH) under the repetitive on/off cycling, the cell performance decayed faster than at 100% RH because of corrosion of the cathode carbon support. Water suppling into cell reduced the degradation rate of dead-end type PEMFC during start up and shut down cycling at 50% RH.


The vice presidency is probably the most unappreciated and underestimated institution of American democracy. Often the target of gibes, it has nevertheless undergone a radical transformation over time. Vice presidents are now almost always considered for the presidency. Moreover, since World War II, most of them have had presidential ambitions. What factors account for the fact that the vice-presidency has become a potential breeding ground for future presidents? To answer this question, I initially examine the external changes that have affected the vice-presidential functions. Secondly, I compare four contemporary vice presidents (Nixon, Ford, Mondale and Bush) to determine whether their management style is linked to their presidential prospects. Finally, I discuss other considerations that could explain why the vice presidency is a significant asset for those who seek the presidency.


In this experiment,283 Talimu hinds(Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) were divided into 3 groups randomly.The estrus of hinds was synchronized in the group1(102) and the group 2(106) by the insertion of intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices for 12 ds and im 500IU PMSG at the time of withdrawal the device.The hinds of the group3(75) accepted no treatment.During the period of withdrawal the devices(between 24 hours and 72 hours),the teaser male was used to identify the heat of hinds in the group1.The process of identification of the heat in hinds of the group1 was not terminated until no signs of estrus was showed,then artificial insemination.The hinds in the group2 accepted no oestrus detection and were inseminated by rectovaginal technique at 50 hours after the devices removal with frozen-thawed semen.The hinds of the group3 were identified for heat from begin of the device insertion in the group1 to 48 hours after the device withdrawal and natural mating.The results showed: the rate(91.1%) of estrus synchronization of the group1 was higher obviously than the control group(16%,P0.01);the difference of the rate of parturition was obvious between the group1(57.8%) and the group 2(39.6%).the difference of the rate of parturition was not obvious between the first group(63.5%) and the second group(66.7%)(P0.05).


accessibility audits 147 active listening 160–161 Activist learning style 120–121, 123–124 addiction health support organisations 67–68, 71 risk for dentists 16, 17 support resources 114 advertising control, role of the MHRA 59–60 advisory support for dental professionals 69–70, 71 Afflick, P. 31 alcohol dependence dental practitioner case study 108–110 health support organisations 67–68, 71 support resources 114 anxiety, burnout and 24 Aristotle character theory 33 virtue ethics 37, 38 Arthur, J. 41 attitudinal factors in poor performance 19–20 audit see clinical audit autonomy of individuals 18 of professionals 27–28 Avon Primary Care Research Collaborative 148 Barnes, Christopher 39 Bateson, Gregory 177 behaviour external influences 19–20 factor in poor performance 19–20 identity and 180 identity and (case study) 102–106 internal influences 19–20 beliefs and values 29 benevolence 37 Bennett, W.J. 38 bioethics 18 body language 42–43 botulinum toxin products 59, 60 Briggs, Katharine 125 British Dental Association (BDA) 16, 69, 71 British Doctors and Dentists Group (BDDG) 68, 71 British Social Attitudes Survey 11 burnout, aspects of 24 Business Dictionary 4


An automatic method for scanning the 41ciency distribution of single-bore, nonfocused collimators in a water medium is presented. The scintillation probe with the collimator to be studied is kept stationary but connected to the scanner display while the scanner arm is used to move the point source of radioactivity traits versely and longitudinally through a water phan tom within the field of view of the collimator.


A collection of Halim Teh's comics are studied from the 1950"s to the 1980"s. Halim Teh was chosen because he had been constantly producing comics for thirty years. The researcher thinks the comics that were produced were a valuable art assets worth a study. In his research, the researcher segmented Halim Teh's comics into 4 eras ; the 50"s, the 60"s, the 70"s and the 80"s. The reason for this segmentation is so that we can see how themes, forms and styles were Halim Teh"s preference in prolonging his comics. In this way, it is hoped that we can trace and see the era differences with the chosen theme, forms and styles. Nevertheless, with the chosen theme, there might be a similarity with other comic artists that were active during his time. Besides, the researcher will be able to choose several Halim Teh's comics for visual description through a variety of visual experiences. This approach is going through several stages, description, formal analysis, interpretation and evaluation. Though qualitative methods and texts used as major references were chosen, the archives, the galleries and the libraries were still needed to get printed information. Interviews too were conducted to obtain more information about the artist. The researcher hopes that this research will contribute to society and as an outcome that can be a history for pupils and society. Halim Teh was able to instill historical values for the nation through his comics.


Metonymy,which is more common than metaphor,is one of the thinking modes for human to perceive the objective world.Salience,as a significant feature of metonymic thinking,plays an important role in how to use metonymic thinking in daily life.In the generation of metonymic thinking salience,there are two firm elements-physical and psychological one,on the basis of which the mapping and integration of the highlight parts of metonymy in source domain and target domain is presented in terms of Fauconnier Turner theory of Conceptual Blending.This paper expounds the generative ways of English-Chinese metonymic thinking salience,and meanwhile,demonstrates the interpretation power of Conceptual Blending.


The seismic performance of existing structures can be assessed based on nonlinear static procedures, such as the Capacity Spectrum Method. This method essentially approximates peak responses of an inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system using peak responses of an equivalent linear SDOF model. In this study, the equivalent linear models of inelastic SDOF systems are developed based on the constant strength approach, which does not require iteration for assessing the seismic performance of existing structures. To investigate the effects of earthquake type and seismic region on the equivalent linear models, four ground‐motion data sets—Japanese crustal/interface/inslab records and California crustal records—are compiled and used for nonlinear dynamic analysis. The analysis results indicate that: (1) the optimal equivalent linear model parameters (i.e. equivalent vibration period ratio and damping ratio) decrease with the natural vibration period, whereas they increase with the strength reduction factor; (2) the impacts of earthquake type and seismic region on the equivalent linear model parameters are not significant except for short vibration periods; and (3) the degradation and pinching effects affect the equivalent linear model parameters. We develop prediction equations for the optimal equivalent linear model parameters based on nonlinear least‐squares fitting, which improve and extend the current nonlinear static procedure for existing structures with degradation and pinching behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The performance of a low cost Fan Filter Unit (FFU) in mitigating hazardous Particulate Matter (PM) levels in a naturally ventilated school classroom is presented. The FFU can be considered as a simplified Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning system without heating and cooling functions. The FFU improves indoor air quality through introduction of cleaned outdoor air to flush out internally generated heat and moisture and reducing infiltration by maintaining indoor pressurization. Indoor Particle number concentrations was reduced between 85 to 95%. The particle removal performance (PRFFFU ) of the FFU is determined and incorporated into the augmented façade penetration factor (Paug ). A case specific recursive dynamic mass balance model is used to characterise the infiltration factor (FINF ), deposition rate (K) and the penetration efficiency (Paug ) from continuously monitored indoor and outdoor mass concentration levels. Computed 'Paug ' (0.07, 0.09 and 0.13) 'FINF ' (0.06, 0.08 and 0.11) respectively for PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 suggest that exposure to PM was significantly reduced indoors. The effectiveness of the FFU for reduced 'FINF ' and 'Paug ' may be attributed to its superior filtration, dilution and exfiltration mechanisms. In comparison with alternative PM mitigation solutions, the FFU is effective, affordable and sustainable.


Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) or Markov decision processes (MDP) are increasingly being used in ecology to find the best decisions over time and under uncertainty so that the chance of achieving an objective is maximised. To date, few programs are available to solve SDP/MDP. We present MDPtoolbox, a multi-platform set of functions to solve Markov decision problems (MATLAB, GNU Octave, Scilab and R). MDPtoolbox provides state-of-the-art and ready to use algorithms to solve a wide range of MDPs. MDPtoolbox is easy to use, freely available and has been continuously improved since 2004. We illustrate how to use MDPtoolbox on a dynamic reserve design problem.


The paperdeveloped a saturated state feedback forstabilization of feedforward discrete- time sys- tem,whose linear approximate system is critically stable.It was proved,for the relevant linear system, that it is input- to- state stable about the inputs,actuator disturbances.After viewing the feedforward sys- tem as an interconnected system,it applied the small- gain theorem to choose parameters of the saturated control.The essence of design is to ensure trajectories of states ultimately entering into some neighbor- hood of the coordinate origin,and the convergence of states is evident later on.


Structural and electronic properties of ZnTe are investigated within the framework of density functional theory. The pseudopotential method along with local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential is used within the quantum espresso package. The optimized equilibrium lattice parameter, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are determined. The electronic band structure, density of states and partial density of states are calculated. The results are compared with available theoretical calculations and experimental results.


ZnO has excellent aging resistance, and PVAc has good thermoplasticity, so the composite materials made from them will have better UV resistance and can improve the aging resistance of coating.ZnO sol was obtained by the reaction of zinc sulfate and urea through sol-gel process.Colorless transparent nano-ZnO/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) sol was prepared by dispersing ZnO sol to PVAc-acetone solution, and the colorless transparent nanoZnO/PVAc composite film was obtained by painting.TEM observation shows that ZnO particles are well distribution in PVAc with the same morphology.While the ZnO content in the composite material is less than 2.0.the diameter of nanoparticle is in the range of 20-30 nm, the average density is 27.4 nm, the volume average is 27.8 nm and the number average is 25.4 ran.Compared to pure PVAc solution, the maximum absorption peak of composite material shifts 13.2 nm to blue.moreover the absorbency increases almost one time with only 0.65‰ ZnO in the material and increases with the increase of ZnO content.


This paper proposes a novel detached winding configuration for asymmetric six-phase double-stator axial flux permanent magnet machines aiming at fault-tolerant applications. Due to the machine unique double-stator structure, the six-phase winding can be separated into two three-phase windings with 30 electrical degree angle shift and arranged in different stators, which is the basic idea of the detached winding. In this paper, the connection of detached six-phase winding is first given, followed by a comprehensive comparison of the conventional six-phase winding and the detached winding in aspect such as the winding factor, electromotive force, inductances, rotor eddy current loss, and torque in normal condition. Performance under fault-tolerant operation is investigated by the copper loss minimization control strategy. The results show that by applying the detached winding instead of the conventional winding, rotor eddy current losses could be reduced by 25% and 70% under normal and fault-tolerant operation, respectively, without sacrificing torque output. This implies that under fault operation, the excess heating in rotor could be reduced and the machine durability can be enhanced. A prototype machine is built to validate the performance of the detached winding design. The experimental results match well with simulation analysis.


To examine the possible involvement of the pineal‐hypothalamic neuroaxis during hibernation, we determined serotonergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic synaptic markers in the hypothalamus of hibernating 13‐lined ground squirrels compared to summer‐active animals. We also determined the effect of the pineal gland products, melatonin and N‐acetyl‐serotonin, on serotonergic binding in the hypothalamus of four groups of 13‐lined ground squirrels: Summer‐active, winter‐hibernating, recently aroused, and summer‐induced hibernating animals. In winter‐hibernating animals, hypothalamic content of dopamine, 5‐ hydroxyindolacetic acid (5‐HIAA), and the turn over of serotonin were decreased. The serotonin content and the activities of cholinergic enzymes were increased during hibernation. Moreover, there was no difference in homovanillic acid content or in the total serotonergic type‐2 binding. The modest decrease in serotonin type‐1 binding in hibernating animals was not statistically significant. Melatonin had no displacement effect on serotonin type‐1 binding and little effect on serotonin type‐2 binding in any animal. Although serotonin type‐2 binding was unaffected by N‐acetyl‐serotonin, the effect on serotonin type‐1 binding was state dependent. In summer‐active 13‐lined ground squirrels, N‐acetyl‐serotonin significantly inhibited serotonin type‐1 binding, while the inhibition was more pronounced in hypothalami from hibernating animals. The data suggest that the pineal gland may modulate hypothalamic function via serotonergic receptors.


the Nationalists more help, adding the ill-defined safeguard that we must send advisers to see that the help is properly utilized. Advisers with what authority, since the military advisory commission already there was being ignored? Political authority over the Nationalist government, vice Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang? He does not say. Then he makes the startling proposal that Manchuria be detached from China and put under a five-power guardianship including Russia. Including Russia! On one salient fact in the sad fiasco of American action in China, the White Paper is silent. It has to be. It cannot explain why, these facts all being known to it, the State Department did not long before disembarrass itself of a government it knew to be losing because it deserved to lose. It cannot very well say that the State Department is not a free agent and that its knowledge and intelligence can at times be neutralized by strong convictions or prejudices in the Congress, however uninformed those convictions and baseless those prejudices may be. Anti-Communism is a tide that can be ridden to profit by those who seek political profit. The Chinese Nationalists rode it, too. They, too, capitalized American anti-Communism. General Marshall pressed them to institute social reforms and desist from certain practices in order to regain popular support. Why should they have done so when they felt secure because America, hating Communists, would support them because they, too, hated Communists? The White Paper cannot say that when Governor Dewey stumped the country throughout 1948 denouncing the Administration for not giving more help to our "democratic allies," the Chinese Nationalists, the Nationalist regime, believing as did everybody else that Governor Dewey would be president, had only to hold out until 1949, meanwhile remaining intransigent. Dewey and Dulles would come bearing lavish gifts. The whole is a sordid and sad episode in American diplomatic history, a rich case study in post-1945 international relations in a democracy, and, incidentally, an exhibit of one of the most artful and effective pressure groups to have worked in American politics. Some day, some resourceful student of government will trace the organization and manipulation of the lobby, composed of Americans and Chinese officials, that brought it about that the government of a powerful country was frustrated in using the fullness of its intelligence in a situation potentially dangerous to itself. That story still has to be told.


A detailed study has been made of the 13C, 18O, calcium, magnesium, strontium, and iron contents of a coral skeleton deposited during a twoyear period for which environmental data are available. Strong seasonal variations in 13C and magnesium contents have been found. These appear to be linked to changes in growth rate, and should be considered in future work. 18O content does not show equilibrium physicochemical temperature effects, and its lack of correlation with 13C indicates complex metabolic isotope fractionation. Strontium content shows little variation. This difference from magnesium is predicted on grounds of biochemical ion transport. Iron is detrital in origin. Seasonal records of trace constituents in coral skeleton are shown to differ from those predicted by previous investigators, indicating that metabolic effects cannot be ignored in paleoenvironmental interpretation of carbonate skeletal chemistry. Stable isotopes are demonstrated to be useful tools in understanding overall carbon metabolism of photosynthetic calcifying organisms. A model of carbon isotope fractionation is developed, and used to place bounds on the sources of carbon used in photosynthesis and calcification. It is estimated th at approximately 40 % of the carbon supply is from seawater bicarbonate and 60 % from recycled respiratory CO2.


This work presents the newest family of steering magnet bipolar current sources developed at LNLS, which will be used to replace the old ones. Unlike previous models, the new 10V/10A power supplies are fully switchmode type. The topology is based on a full-bridge converter using PWM unipolar switching. This paper presents the first results, such as current ripple, stability and time response.


An exact axisymmetric solution of Einstein's equations describing the exterior gravitational field of four aligned Kerr particles is considered. The balance conditions are derived in the case of particles possessing an additional reflection symmetry with respect to the equatorial plane. A numerical analysis of these conditions suggests the non-existence of physically relevant equilibrium configurations in such systems.


Introduction To understand the extent of food insecurity in Bangladesh emphasizing on the non cereal food availability and maternal and child nutritional outcome. Methods We conducted systematic review in between 1985 to 2010 by using PubMed and Google Scholar databases as well as archives of relevant journals by hand. Contacting with the author was also performed in the case where original data needed. Results & Conclusions Results from the evidence it may be sated that despite the growth of cereal production and its availability Bangladesh is still problems with accessing of non cereal foods (e.g., vegetable, fruits, fish, milk, meat, egg etc) as well as the incidence of acute malnutrition in children and mothers were hardnosed in the rural area of Bangladesh.


Introduction
By definition, hypertensive cardiopathy is a series of complex and variable effects responsible for the chronic elevation of blood pressure in the heart. It stands out within a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases associated with hypertension.

Objective
To evaluate the capacity to predict the development of adaptive changes to hypertensive cardiopathy within ten years following diagnosis of the condition, using a model based on prognostic factors.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in hypertensive patients. The patients were followed at the specialized hypertension physicians office of the specialty policlinic attached to Carlos Manuel de Céspedes University Hospital, in the Bayamo Municipality, Granma Province, Cuba, from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018.

Results
Coxs proportional regression model showed a significant statistical relationship between most of the factors and the development of the adaptive changes in hypertensive cardiopathy within ten years of follow-up after the diagnosis of this condition. The lack of blood pressure control (Hazard ratio: 2.090; confidence interval 95%: 1.688 to 2.588; p: 0.000) followed by stage 2 of hypertension (hazard ratio: 1.987; confidence interval 95%: 1.584 to 2.491; p: 0.000) were the main factors. Internal validation of the model, discriminant capacity (C- statistic: 0.897) and calibration Hosmer-Lemeshow (χ2: 5.384; p: 0.716), was acceptable.

Conclusions
We develop a model to predict the progression of hypertensive cardiopathy from grade I to grade IV with adequate discriminatory capacity. The model is based on prognostic factors, among which characteristic effects of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease stood out.


The experiment program definition and preliminary laboratory concept studies on the zero G cloud physics laboratory are reported. This program involves the definition and development of an atmospheric cloud physics laboratory and the selection and delineations of a set of candidate experiments that must utilize the unique environment of zero gravity or near zero gravity.


In this paper we study the comparative growth properties of composition of entire and meromorphic functions on the basis of relative order (relative lower order) of Wronskians generated by entire and meromorphic functions.


Space photography provides a perspective of the terrain not possible from aircraft-flying heights. The chief advantage of this photography is the increased amount of coverage made possible. Tens to hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of the earth's surface can be imaged in a single photograph, revealing gross structural features which may not be apparent in larger scale photography, as well as the spatial relations between widely separated features, such as the relation of major lineaments to folding and volcanism. Mosaics of thousands of conventional aerial photographs would be required to achieve a somewhat similar perspective. Considerably more geologic information is recorded on photos of arid or semi-arid regions than on those of humid or temperate regions where soil and vegetation mask much of the underlying lithology and structure. Moreover, the wide coverage, which is the chief advantage of space photography, is possible only at the expense of lower ground resolution. Lithologic units are mappable only if they form extensive outcrops and contrast sharply with adjacent units. Hence, space photography should be considered a supplement to, rather than a substitute for, aerial photography. Although space photography does not provide the geologic detail necessary for a complete understanding of areal geology, this may be an advantage during the initial stages of exploration planning. Hyperaltitude photography draws attention to the broad aspects of the regional geology; the overview afforded from space facilitates the elimination of unpromising areas and the focusing on promising areas for more detailed aircraft and ground survey.


. In this paper, static nonlinear analysis of gable frame is performed using OpenSees software. Both geometric and material nonlinearities are considered in analyses. To consider large displacements, co-rotational coordinate transformation is used in software. The effects of symmetric and asymmetric support conditions including clamped and simple supports are studied. On the other hand, the material nonlinearity is reflected on analyses using Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto steel material. Note that strain hardening characteristics are also considered in this model. Moreover, I-shaped cross-section is assumed for all members. The results are provided for different geometry properties of gable frame including shallow and deep inclined roof. It should be added that buckling and post-buckling behaviors of gable frame are investigated using related equilibrium paths. A comparison study is also implemented on the responses of buckling loads obtained for different support and geometry conditions. To trace snap-through paths completely, a displacement control method entitled arc-length is utilized. Findings show the capability of proposed model in nonlinear analysis of gable frames.