We employ NMR structure determination, thermodynamics, and enzymatics to uncover the structural, thermodynamic and enzymatic properties of α/β-ODNs containing 3′-3′ and 5′-5′ linkages. RNase H studies show that α/β-gapmers that are designed to target erbB-2 efficiently elicit RNase H activity. NMR structures of DNA · DNA and DNA · RNA duplexes reveal that single α-anomeric residues fit well into either duplex, but alter the dynamic properties of the backbone and deoxyriboses as well as the topology of the minor groove in the DNA · RNA hybrid.


Dementia represents an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA), but there have been reports of fronto‐executive dysfunction in patients with MSA of the striatonigral type (MSA‐P). To study the cognitive profile of MSA, 20 patients with MSA of the cerebellar type (MSA‐C) were subjected to an extensive neuropsychological test battery comprising tests for IQ, attention, verbal and visuospatial memory, as well as executive function. There was evidence for impaired verbal memory and verbal fluency. Test performance was not related to the severity of motor disability. Regarding the similar cognitive syndrome of MSA‐P, the otherwise subclinical problems in MSA‐C result from subcortical rather than from cerebellar dysfunction. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society


It is a whole new ULIP world today. The new regulations ensure that ULIPs are being promoted as a long-term protection and savings tool. A ULIP is a life insurance policy which provides a combination of risk cover and investment. ULIP is a hybrid, combining insurance with an investment in a mutual fund. As mentioned earlier, it is closer to a mutual fund than a traditional insurance product. In globalize business environment, ULIP as a part of their investment portfolio. A smart investor gets the maximum benefit of capital guarantee along with tax-free market-linked returns. Trichy, is the fourth largest city in Tamil Nadu after Chennai, Madurai, and Coimbatore. The objective of this study is to analyse the determinants of investment in ULIP policy with special reference to Trichy District. Sample of 120 respondents, Who have ULIP Policy were identified with the help of agents were selected from Trichy District which were related to the sampled 5 companies. Based on the previous research studies 14 constructs were selected for this study and hypotheses are framed. The research through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS software was inferred that almost all the measured variables with the latent variable of determinants of investment in ULIP policy with special reference to Trichy District have positive relationship with the significance at 1 percent and 5 percent level except, Spread of risk, Cost effective/Charges deductible under the policy, Cheaper than other investments and Transparency variables have negative relationship.


Zeolite based silica rice husk has been prepared at temperature of 450, 550, and 650℃. This research was conducted to study the effect of calcination temperature in forming of crystalline phases and standard electron rate constant (k0). The zeolite K450 was formed quartz and bohmite phases, zeolite K550 and K650 was formed cristobalite, stishovite, gamma-alumina, and natrolite phases. Electrochemical reaction of zeolite K450, K550 and K650 are irreversible. Peak potential oxidation-reduction is between 240 mV and 390 mV. The higher value of calcination, the higher value of k0. The k0 value of zeolite K450, K550, K650 at scan rate of 1 V/s are 29,658 x 10-9; 36,398 x 10-9; 77,110 x 10-9 cm/s respectively. Natrolite phase of zeolite K550 and K650 have changed zeolite charge be netral. Based on these result, value k0 of zeolite K550 and K650 are going to be a reversible.


The CO/sub 2/ short arc weldability of rare earth treated steels was investigated. The effect of chemical compositions in steels of 23 heats on arc instability was investigated with the welding condition close to circumferential welding. Experimental results described in terms of Ts (a short circuiting period at one event) examined by multiple regression analysis, revealed that Ts depends strongly on rare earths. The arc instability results in step-like defects on a bead in CO/sub 2/ welding of steels containing 0.02% and over of rare earths. The defect is interpreted in terms of the transfer of an excessively large drop generated by extended intervals between short circuitings. To prevent the defect, increased welding current, decreased welding speed, and a DCSP source are recommended.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have caused considerable interest owing to their remarkable mechanical properties and high aspect ratio, which make them promising candidate as nanofillers to reinforce epoxy matrices. However, due their high surface-to-volume ratio they have significant interparticle van der Waals interactions, and they tend to agglomerate and form a bundle, which results in reduced mechanical properties of the composites. Although various fabrication methods have been developed for dispersing CNTs, little information has been hitherto reported on their effectiveness to uniformly distribute CNTs in epoxy matrix. In addition, the influence of CNTs dispersion quality on mechanical properties of epoxy matrix is not well understood. The present work investigates the fabrication of CNT-epoxy composites through four different protocols. Protocols 1 and 2 were performed by high shear mixing and ultrasonication treatments of unmodified CNTs, respectively. In addition to these two protocols, in protocols 3 and 4, nanocomposites were prepared by high shear mixing of surface modified CNT suspensions in epoxy resin, followed by ultrasonication treatment. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that the protocol 4 can uniformly disperse CNTs in epoxy matrix. The tensile test indicated that 10% and 6% improvements in Young's modulus and tensile strength with similar maximum elongation to the pure epoxy resin were able to be achieved. It can be concluded that the protocol 4 allows a uniform CNT dispersion in epoxy matrix and the highest degree of reinforcement in comparison with other protocols. Therefore, protocol 4 can be used to further improve the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix through CNT filler and thereby promote wide applications of CNT-epoxy composites in Civil Engineering.


In recent years, the development of electric vehicles has shown a rapid growth trend. The emergence of large-scale new distributed energy generation technology has brought profound changes to the analysis, design and control of the traditional distribution system. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis tool is developed to evaluate the power supply capacity of the active distribution network and build a comprehensive power supply capability. The combined evaluation model has important research value. This paper considers the uncertainty of new energy power generation forecast and the scale of electric power. The vehicle charging is the size of the typical flexible load response behavior, and the power supply capacity is analyzed. The three dimensions of the voltage limit, the limit of the thermal limit and the voltage collapse are discussed, and the concept of the transmission limit of the power system (TTC) is proposed, which is the basis for determining the available transmission capacity (ATC). The computation of ATC mainly includes deterministic algorithm and probabilistic algorithm. Under the power system operation constraint (AGC) of the active distribution network, under the premise of ensuring the balance of power generation and load, maintaining the frequency quality of the power system and the physical constraints of the active distribution network, the mathematical model of the power supply capacity from the new energy generation node to the load node is studied and established.


To avoid distorted data when analyzing well pressure tests of permeable offshore reservoirs, one needs to account for periodic ocean tidal stress. Quartz-crystal bottom hole pressure recorders provide a high resolution of reservoir pressure but also measures pressure fluctuations from tidal effects during well testing. Periodic oscillations in the reservoir pressure are due to the three mechanisms: solid earth tide; barometric tide/effect; and ocean tide. The paper uses sample data from an offshore reservoir to illustrate how tide effects can be identified in the data and the correction procedure to use to remove these effects.


Program writing can essentially influence the pre-processing of g-factor flight data at centre of gravity of aircraft before being applied in structure fatigue life accessing.So reasonably setting pre-processing procedure sequence is necessary.Main contents of each procedure are determined such as: wiping off acute noise data,wiping off points between peak and valley,modifying system zero draft,modifying g-factor data according to instant fuselage mass,getting rid of invalid data,etc.The influence between these procedures is analyzed.The demand of procedure sequence and the corresponding reasons are presented.And proper processing plans in some data processing methods are suggested.It is proved that the program obeyed the suggested plan presents satisfactory efficiency and gives valid processing results.


The nonlinear mechanism of electron energy transmission in interactions with a wave field H/sup 01/ in a round waveguide is analyzed in order to determine the mechanism by which millimeter waves are generated. (R.V.J.)


The aim of the k-means is to minimize squared sum of Euclidean distance from the mean (SSEDM) of each cluster. The k-means can effectively optimize this function, but it is too sensitive for initial centers (seeds). This paper proposed a method for initialization of the k-means using the concept of useful nearest center for each data point.


The photo-induced electron transfers in the "straight up" ionic assemblies [Pd3(2+)]···MCP and [Pd3(2+)]···DCP···[Pd3(2+)] ([Pd3(2+)]* → MCP or DCP) are ultrafast (<85 fs) indicating that it is not necessary to have a strong coordination bond or a bent geometry to obtain fast electron injection in porphyrin-containing DSSCs.


This study examines the relationship between light history (i.e. light conditions during colonization) and sensitivity to atrazine for periphyton communities grown on etched glass substrates (colonized for 2–3 weeks) at seven stream and river sites differing in water chemistry and light regime. For each site, taxonomic composition of the community (by microscopic examination and cell counts), pigment composition, and photosynthetic parameters were measured and related to sensitivity to the herbicide. Photosynthetic parameters were estimated from photosynthesis– irradiance (P‐I) curves; the responses of the algae to atrazine were analyzed using short‐term concentration–response tests. Periphyton communities colonizing shaded sites were diatom dominated, had higher percentages of accessory pigments, and were more susceptible to photoinhibition at high light intensities compared to periphyton communities colonizing open sites; communities in the more open sites were dominated by green algae or cyanobacteria. Periphyton communities colonizing open sites were more sensitive to atrazine; the concentration of atrazine needed to inhibit photosynthesis by 50% in the short‐term tests (EC50 values) was correlated with light conditions during colonization. The interaction between treatment factors (light conditions during colonization, irradiance of incubation, and atrazine concentration) was analyzed by three‐way ANOVA. The two‐way interactions were significant, indicating that the response of the periphyton to irradiance during incubation and to atrazine concentration both depend on light history. However, the magnitude of the interaction between light history and atrazine toxicity was attenuated by changes in irradiance during incubation (three‐way ANOVA). This investigation presents evidence that the apparent toxicity of atrazine to lotic periphyton in natural communities is greater for algae that are adapted to high‐light conditions than for those that are adapted to low‐light conditions.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction combined with interactive acupuncture and ibuprofen sustained-release capsule in the treatment of acute lumbar sprain.

Methods
A total of 102 patients with acute lumbar sprain were randomly divided into two groups, 51 in each group.The control group received ibuprofen sustained-release capsules orally. The study group was treated with Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction combined with interactive acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The degree of low back pain was assessed by VAS and the improvement of lumbar function was assessed by modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (M-JOA). The Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) was used to evaluate the degree of lumbar dysfunction. The serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level was detected by ELISA. The clinical efficacy was evaluated.

Results
The total effective rate was 80.4% (41/51) in the study group and 62.8% (32/51) in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2=3.903, P=0.048). After treatment, the VAS (1.85 ± 0.40 vs. 4.06 ± 0.67, t=20.226), M-JOA (4.41 ± 1.35 vs. 11.18 ± 2.25, t=18.426), and ODI (9.66 ± 3.34 vs. 16.37 ± 3.64, t=9.700) in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The serum level of hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and PGE2 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (t were 6.694, 8.416, 22.110 and 12.137, respectively, all Ps<0.01).

Conclusions
The Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction combined with interactive acupuncture and ibuprofen sustained-release capsule can improve the degree of lumbago and lumbar dysfunction in patients with acute lumbar sprain, reduce the level of serum inflammatory cytokines, and improve the clinical efficacy.

Key words:
Lumbar sprain; Acute disease; Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang; Interactive acupuncture


From the data obtained from the Department of Health (Dinas Kesehatan) (attachments 2, in 2012 was recorded 25 depots drinking water and 10 depots which inspected and only 8 depots are eligible. Of such data seen that from yearto- year increasing the amount of drinking water depots but that only has license from the Department of Health has decreased. Only 25% percent of the amount drinking water depots listed on the Department of Health which inspected and eligible. The method in this research is descriptive of qualitative the research method, which describe or explain the problem the existing with the providing answers to issues raised. This research focuses on the problems that existed at when the research is conducted (at the moment) or the problem that are actual. Hence solving problems the existing done by way of describing a situation, the data, the status of phenomena based on the facts the existing. Based on the result of research and analysis conducted and researchers have described in the previous chapter, regarding supervision of drinking water depots license in Kelurahan Simpangbaru Tampan, then can be concluded from indicator that researchers use for the view how to surveillance drinking water depots license in Kelurahan Simpangbaru Kecamatan Tampan, which sets the standard, factor system of surveillance, surveillance conducted quite well, proved with already the drinking water depots supervised conduct production activities in accordance with the standards given. This is accomplished with the advance socialization and coaching. However which can be seen also that the there are some areas which have not conducted such as surveillance Kelurahan Simpangbaru. So that depots which not authorized in that area growing. The quality factor of surveillance conducted Disperindag has not well done because is still find many constraints such as coordination has not been created with the both the Department of Health as well as the limited time, funds, and facilities in conducting surveillance. Keyword: license, surveillance, depot of drinking water.


Engen & Lillegard (1997) presented a general method for doing Monte Carlo simulations conditioned on a sufficient statistic. The basic idea was to adjust the parameter values in the corresponding unconditional simulation so that the actual value of the sufficient statistic is obtained, and the claim was that if this adjustment is unique then the modified simulation is from the conditional distribution. Unfortunately the claim is not correct, as shown by a counterexample. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2003, Oxford University Press.


Abstract : The U,S has emerged as the sole superpower in the world for the foreseeable future, Despite this, there remain numerous threats to U,S vital national interests, including developing threats that have the potential to become significant threats in the future, We propose a National Security process that looks separately at future threats, as well as existing ones, In addition, we propose a reconsideration of the National Security Council's evaluation process and its coordination of national security and foreign policy among the various departments and agencies To illustrate the problem of focusing primarily on more current threats, we present two very different but significant threats to the future of the national interest of the U,S,: the HIV/AlDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and the approximately forty thousand tactical nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and the fissile material both within them and in stockpiles throughout Russia, Both issues have far-reaching international implications in the next 10-20 years that could be reduced to a much lesser level of threat, if not fully eliminated, by a concerted and appropriately funded effort now, The HIV/AlDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is a U,S national security threat with far reaching international implications that, if left unconstrained will develop into a depopulation crisis of the African continent of as much as a 50-80% over the next twenty year, The net effect would be reflected in the numbers of key professionals and skilled workers critical for the mining and production of minerals that are unavailable from any other part of the world, as well as 20% of all crude oil imported by the U,S, The cost of eliminating and controlling HIV/AlDS in Sub-Saharan Africa over the ten years is currently estimated to be $50 billion, comparable to the Marshall Plan in 1952 that pumped the equivalent of $88 billion into Europe,


(57) from the Abstract: input information signal, may be used as a reference level for the state of the finite state machine, deriving the amplitude values are required to calculate the likelihood function in the partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) bit detection device an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes an input means for receiving an input information signal (1), from said input information signal, the digital signal of the first or second binary value of the bit sequences appearing in the bit time at a specific bit frequency acquiring converting means (2 ', 6) and obtained by moving the time window of n successive bit by one bit at the same time each time, the state from the continuous sequence containing n successive bits in the digital signal and repeating detecting for detecting means (8), one to the input information signal, for each of the sequence of n bits corresponding to the signal value of the input information signal of a predetermined point in time within the time corresponding windows to n bit sequences One by sample values and sample values determining means for obtaining (2) of processing said sample values belonging to sequences of n bits of the same state, is processed for each state To obtain a signal value, said processing means for executing this processing step for all states (4,12), as the amplitude values available in the partial response maximum likelihood bit detection apparatus, each state supplying the processed signal values and an output means (20).


With globalization, market liberalization, and the rapid development of rural infrastructure, new market opportunities for high-value crops and livestock production are expanding in both developed and developing countries. This has translated into increased use of contract farming to establish market linkages for the poor in developing countries. In poor areas where smallholder subsistence production is the norm and where infrastructure and institutions to facilitate market exchange are not well established, contract farming is providing farmers with the assured sale of their crops and agro-business firms with a steady supply of agricultural output required by the market. In many instances, agro-business firms provide additional provisions, including technical support, improved farm inputs, credit, product accreditation, and assistance in the formulation of farmers' groups. Consequently, poor farmers are able to transform from traditional cultivation and management practices to market-oriented commercial production, resulting in employment generation, income growth, and greater security. This paper reviews the pros and cons of contract farming from the point of view of different stakeholders, e.g., firms, farmers, government, and donors. In particular, this work examines contract farming in the Lao PDR and Cambodia and points to contract farming of organic crops as a promising option for poor farmers as the practice is consistent with traditional practices while associated with lower health and environmental risks. While the development of market linkages for farmers is traditionally viewed as a public sector responsibility, the establishment of necessary agro-services for a large number of small, unorganized farmers requires a tremendous amount of public sector resources. Given the limited availability of government and donor resources, private sector endeavors that serve to generate pro-poor growth may be the key to poverty alleviation. JEL Classification: O43, Q17, Q56 ADBI Discussion Paper 89 Sununtar Setboonsarng


In Australia with the Great Mother: Oodgeroo Noonuccal and the Poetry of the Soul An analysis of Oodgeroo's poetry in connection with Aboriginal traditions of storytelling and their progressive annihilation on the part of the colonial and globalizing powers from a partnership point of view (http://all.uniud.it/?page_id=195). DOI: 10.1400/116899


The ring-opening copolymerization of alkylene carbonate with cyclic acid anhydride was found to be initiated by carbon black containing potassium carboxylate (COOK) groups to give an alternating polymer, i.e., polyester. The polyester was propagated from COOK groups and effectively grafted from carbon black surface: e.g., the grafting ratio of polyester from ethylene carbonate (EC) and phthalic anhydride (PAn) went up to over 100%. On the other hand, the initiating activity of alkali metal carboxylate groups increased, depending on the alkali metal countercation, in the following order: COOLi < COONa < COOK < COORb < COOCs. This order was in agreement with that of increasing electropositivity of the counteraction. The activation energy of the copolymerization of EC with PAn was determined to be 26.3 kcal/mol. The rate of the copolymerization was accelerated in an aprotic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Furthermore, the effect of solvent and polymerization temperature on the grafting ratio of polyester was investigated.


Door approach-signaling device a slot antenna (21, 23-25) in connection with an exterior door handle (20), wherein at least one surface is formed by a conductive material, the slot antenna a which opens in the direction of the conductive material slot (23) and conductive to the material intended feed points (24, 25), and a transmitter (26) for applying a voltage to Funkwellenoszillation to the feed points.


Entering the new century,some important new changes,new features on the development theme emerged.Whether it is a developing or developed country,daunting challenges are there,the disadvantages of traditional development mode exposed,global risk grows,discussions on new development pattern of international society rises,whether we can realize scientific development has increasingly become the core issues in the world today.In China since remarkable progress has achieved in the reform and opening up process,the Chinese communists set out from the basic national conditions in primary stage of socialism,this paper summarizes the development practice in China,foreign development of beneficial results,and gradually formed an outlook on scientific development with Chinese characteristics.In the new stage of the new century,in the fierce international competition,China's way out and hope lies in scientific development.The promoting of the Outlook on Scientific Development is inevitable call in order to deal with global risk society.


Chemically cleaned GaP 001 surfaces in aqueous HF solutions have been studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry SE , ex situ atomic force microscopy AFM , x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS , wettability, and photoluminescence PL measurements. The SE data clearly indicate that the solutions cause removal of the native oxide film immediately upon immersing the sample 1 min . The SE data, however, suggest that the native oxide film cannot be completely etch-removed. This is due to the fact that as soon as the etched sample is exposed to air, the oxide starts to regrow. The SE estimated roughness is 1 nm, while the AFM roughness value is 0.3 nm. The XPS spectra confirm the removal of the native oxide and also the presence of regrown oxide on the HF-etched GaP surface. The wettability measurements indicate that the HF-cleaned surface is hydrophobic, which is in direct contrast to those obtained from alkaline-cleaned surfaces hydrophilic . A slight increase in the PL intensity is also observed after etching in aqueous HF solutions. © 2007 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.2737781


The relative age effect has been demonstrated in many youth and professional sports. Often, physical maturity compared to peers is emphasized as a causal mechanism (or at the very least a contributing factor) for these effects. The purpose of our investigation was to examine the relative age effect in a complex cognitive task with no significant physical requirements, more specifically among youth chess players. Data were analyzed 1) for all the registered Belgian youth chess players over the last 5 years (2009-2013) and 2) for the participants of the Belgian youth championship 2013. Results indicated an overall relative age effect among all Belgian youth chess players in the sample with the likelihood of participation significantly greater for players born in the first birth-date quartile (χ²=10.21, p<0.05; r= -0.77, p<0.01). Similarly, the likelihood of participation decreased when youth chess players were born in the last quartile of the year. These relative age effects were most prominent in the under 10 and under 8 year olds. There also appeared to be a performance-related relative age effect: statistically significant Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (p<0.05) showed that players born in the first months of the selection year were more often in the top 10 of the Belgian Youth Championship 2013. Results suggest that cognitive maturity may be an important component of some RAEs, particularly in more technical, cognitively challenging sports. In addition, these findings may have implications for relative age related differences in skill acquisition among youth.


waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] are used to define obesity, the debate as to which is the best to assess CVD risk continues. While direct assessment of fat mass may be a better index of obesity-related to health risk, it is difficult to measure this accurately in large epidemiological studies particularly in the field setting. Thus, anthropometry still remains the most widely used method for clinical and epidemiological purposes. Each obesity index has its own implications in relation to health risk in general and CVD risk in particular. In the study by Gupta R, et al,8 the importance of BMI, WC and WHR are all shown to be important for estimating CVD risk due to their positive association with various CVD risk factors. Survey of the literature also shows that no single obesity index can be recommended for this purpose from a global standpoint. The recent INTERHEART study showed that waist-tohip ratio was a much better predictor of CVD events than BMI9 and the accompanying Lancet editorial is provocatively titled "A farewell to body mass index?".10 Indeed, INTERHEART also showed for the first time that not only is waist a 'risk' factor, but that hip is an independent 'protective' factor. Hence the WHR becomes an even stronger marker because the numerator (waist) is a 'risk' factor while the denominator (hip) is a 'protective' factor and therefore the ratio is, at least theoretically, a stronger predictor than either alone. However, while waist itself is difficult to standardize, measuring hip is even more challenging as one needs to undress the subject and, in the case of women, this could pose cultural and logistic problems eg. finding enough privacy, women health workers to perform measurements etc. Moreover, many studies report that WC is as good if not better than using WHR11 and it is much simpler as it needs standardization of only one measurement.9,12-14 While proponents of BMI would point out the difficulties in standardization of WC and WHR, we would argue that measuring BMI needs not only a weighing machine, but also a stadiometer to measure height. Standardization of the latter is a major problem particularly in rural areas where even the floor is not uniform, while calibration of weighing machines, particularly the spring balance which is commonly used, would always remain an epidemiologist's nightmare. Moreover, the sheer convenience of carrying a measuring tape in one's pocket or purse for doing *Chairman and Chief of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India Asian Indians have an increased predisposition not only to diabetes1 but also to premature coronary artery disease.2 This has been attributed to the so called 'Asian Indian Phenotype'3,4 characterized by less of generalized obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) but greater central body obesity as shown by greater waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratios (WHR).3,4 This leads to unique biochemical and hormonal changes including higher plasma insulin levels, greater insulin resistance, lower HDL cholesterol, higher triglyceride levels, increased small dense LDL cholesterol as well as small dense HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein and leptin levels but decreased adiponectin levels.4-7 Thus many Asian Indians fit into the category of metabolically obese, normal weight individuals.


Conservatism is a principle which affects valuation in accounting, because it is conservative to this day still has an important role in accounting practices. The purpose of this research was to test and to analyze the influence of the financial distress, managerial ownership structure, growth opportunities and debt covenant on accounting conservatism , study in manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013-2015.In this research purposive sampling method used to determine sample of this research with 103 companies as population. Analysis method used is multiple linear regression with SPSS program version 13. The result showed that the financial distress have a effect of accounting conservatism. While the managerial ownership structure, growth opportunities and debt covenant have no effect of accounting conservatism

Keywords: financial distress, managerial ownership structure, growth opportunities, debt covenant, accounting conservatism


the very young. The urban problems Chevalier describes, illegitimacy, for example, would be concentrated among young adults. In the eighteenth century, illegitimacy was almost exclusively a problem of domestic servants. In the early nineteenth, Chevalier shows, there was a substantial migration of young women who became domestic servants. (Chevalier demonstrates the numerical importance of female migrants in domestic service, but he does not try to quantify this category of women in calculating sex ratios. This is typical of his limited use of statistics.) Higher illegitimacy rates did not necessarily mean a decline in standards of behavior but simply an increase in the number of persons of whom that behavior was characteristic—domestic servants, a vulnerable and exploited group. Unless we have comparisons by composition of the population, we cannot accept Chevalier's analysis. The final link in Chevalier's argument—that between migration, misery, criminality, and political violence—is left unexplored. In his conclusion, Chevalier admits that those who were arrested in the nineteenth-century revolutions were largely Parisian artisans, and allows that in-migration did not change the complexion of the militant working class or its leaders. This comes almost as an afterthought. The bulk of the preceding pages is in quite another vein— insisting that migration deformed the laboring classes of Paris, made them as one with the dangerous classes, that these classes were dangerous not only in a criminal sense but also in a political sense. Despite his brilliant evocation of the period, Chevalier cannot and does not prove this tendentious theme.


Silicon transistors, particularly double-diffused NPN, have not previously demonstrated the high frequency performance predicted by theoretical analysis. This lack of correlation between theoretical and experimental performance has limited the high frequency use of NPN silicon transistors generally, and the attainment of high speed silicon microcircuits specifically. Experimental results have demonstrated the various limiting factors of NPN silicon transistors and the methods used to overcome the limitations in fabricating very high speed silicon microcircuits.


Summary: This is a mixed-method study reporting newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNS) transition experience to professional practice in Singapore, represented by three themes; "personal", "professional" and "organizational". NGRNs experience some degree of unpreparedness, owing to theory-to-practice gap. Likewise, degree and types of healthcare organizational supports might also impact their transition experience. Content Outline:


Complement activation plays a relevant role in the development of tissue damage under inflammatory conditions, and clinical and experimental observations emphasize its contribution to inflammatory vasculitides. Statins have recently been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity independently of plasma cholesterol lowering and in vitro studies support a direct anti‐inflammatory action of these drugs. The aim of this study was to verify the in vivo effect of fluvastatin on complement‐mediated acute peritoneal inflammation. The effect of oral treatment with fluvastatin was investigated in normo‐cholesterolaemic rats that received intraperitoneal injection of either yeast‐activated rat serum (Y‐act RS) or lipopolysaccharide to induce peritoneal inflammation monitored by the number of PMN recruited in peritoneal fluid washes. In addition, vascular adherence and extravasation of leucocytes were evaluated by direct videomicroscopy examination on mesentery postcapillary venules topically exposed to Y‐act RS. The number of PMN in the peritoneal washes of rats treated with fluvastatin was 38% lower than that of untreated animals (P < 0·05)  12  h after LPS injection, and was even lower (56%) in rats treated with Y‐act RS already 8 h after injection (P < 0·02). Firm adhesion to endothelium and extravasation of leucocytes evaluated under direct videomicroscopy observation were significantly inhibited in fluvastatin treated rats (77% and 72%, respectively; P < 0·01), 120 min after treatment with Y‐act RS. Our results demonstrate that fluvastatin inhibits in vivo complement‐dependent acute peritoneal inflammation and suggest a role for statins in preventing the inflammatory flares usually associated with complement activation in chronic diseases, such as SLE or rheumatoid arthritis.


Bamboo is a potentially economical fuel crop that has not been utilized at a substantial extent for energy generation in Indonesia. As a thermal conversion waste, bamboo ash is particularly interesting due to its high potassium content. This paper discusses the determination of several key parameters of a simple batchwise extraction process to recover potassium in the form of weak solution from bamboo ash. To produce the ash, black bamboo ( Gigantochloa atroviolaceae ) is charred in a fixed bed combustor. The bamboo char is ground and ashed at 500 °C in an electric furnace. The ash yield is 3.3 %-mass relative to as-received ash, with an ash K 2 O content of 12.9 %-mass. The ash is ground until passing 100-mesh standard sieve, and extracted by deionized water on a 2-stage laboratory-scale batchwise extractor battery. Process variables include extractror battery configuration (counter-current and co-current), temperature (nominal setting at 45-80 °C), and contact period of 1-6 hours. The concentration of extracted K 2 O increases asymptotically with temperature and contact time. Counter-current extraction yields more than twice the extract K 2 O concentration compared to cross-current extraction. The optimum conditions for the counter-current extraction is identified as a temperature of 78 °C and contact time of 4 hours, resulting in a 0.70 %-mass K 2 O solution concentration. Spot sampling of commercial liquid fertilizer products in Indonesia indicates an equivalent K 2 O content of 0.08-13.6 %-mass, suggesting the potential of the bamboo ash extract as an intermediate for fertilizer product.


Stone Age discoveries in Qatar Qatar is the name of a peninsula which extends from the east coast of the Arabian mainland about 100 miles out into the Arabian Gulf. The greater part of the peninsula is covered by stone and sand desert, interspersed occasionally with flat salt plains -s. sabkha and a few small dumps of bushes and low trees. Northeast of the oil-town Dukhan on the west coast of the peninsula there lies a region of heavily eroded limestone and chalk cliffs. Along the whole of the west coast from Dukhan to Salwa, the Saudi Arabian frontier town, stretches a row of limestone cliffs, reaching a height of about 100 meters above the present sea-level. In the southern part of the country, particularly in the region southwest of the oil-port of Umm Said, there are large areas of wind-blown sand piled up in dunes. At a few points along the east coast and the northern coastal reaches lower cliff formations s.jabal- occur, but the interior of the peninsula consists for the most part of desert of sand and stone without any great physical variation. Politically Qatar is an independent sheikhdom, since 1916 -like the other sheikhdoms along the Trucial Coast- in treaty relations with Great Britain.During the 8 years during which the Danish Archeological Expedition has worked in the sheikhdom, about 200 sites of prehistoric date have been discovered. Of these 141 can be described as Stone-Age sites or as sites with probable connection with Stone-Age cultures. Now that these sites come to be classified half of them immediately have to be disregarded, because they are difficult or impossible to fit into the picture. They comprise a number of small discoveries containing few or uncharacteristic specimens, as well as samples of unworked flint, minerals and the like, which have been collected as material for study in cases where there was a possibility that they might prove to have some connection with the Stone-Age cultures (See the supplementary list p. 145 ff.).There remain 68 sites, which can be roughly divided into four groups: A (of palaeolithic character), B and C (of mesolithic character) and D (of neolithic character).Almost without exception the Stone-Age specimens from Qatar are found on surface sites. The north wind -shamal- blows almost continuously and has raged over the peninsula for millennia, either leaving the Stone-Age specimens exposed on the naked rock surface with no possibility for stratigraphy, or -especially in the southlands- covering extensive areas with immense masses of sand, blown up into colossal, often crescent-shaped dunes -s. barkan- which may well hide beneath them evidence of the wanderings of Stone-Age man in these regions, for the barkans are in the opinion of many geologists of comparatively recent origin.The division into four groups given above, and the archeological definitions of the individual groups, will perhaps not be able to withstand a later scientific investigation of the large body of material collected. For practical reasons, however, it has been necessary to make a classification, and where no weighty reasons have suggested the contrary I have classified the material in accordance with a subjective evaluation of a development from a primitive (macrolithic) flint-working technique with few and simple implement types to a very far from primitive technique with a strongly differentiated inventary of implements dominated by an excellent surface-flaking technique, which produces with equal elegance on the one hand large axes, picks, and spearheads, and on the other small arrowheads and awls of almost microlithic character.It is not my purpose, in this condensed survey of the Stone-Age discoveries in Qatar, to discuss to what degree a gradual development can have taken place on the peninsula from one cultural stage to another, or whether it was rather a question of different peoples or tribes immigrating at longer or shorter intervals. My object is rather to supply a preliminary description and guide to those who may wish to go deeper into the matter. A larger and fully illustrated survey of the material is in the course of preparation, and will probably be ready for publication in the course of a year or two.A sharp distinction between the 4 groups here set up cannot, of course, be drawn. In many cases, too, the various cultures occur mixed on the same sites, which presumably must be interpreted as showing peoples of the various cultures occupying localities suitable for shorter or longer settlement.It has in several cases been difficult for me to decide to which group I should ascribe these mixed discoveries, and it has in these cases been necessary to make a completely subjective decision on the basis of the more obvious cultural characteristics.It is clear that, in a land where the inhabitants to this day understand -and probably occasionally still use- the technique of producing fire by means of flint and steel, mistakes in classification may have crept in. We have several times been in considerable doubt, when we found "human flint" with apparently fresh flaking scars, and our lack of experience made it impossible to decide whether we were looking at the millennia-old swarf of an ancient Stone-Age hunter or the chippings, some few years old, of a wandering modem Bedu.In classification by groups the character and patina of the flint can often be of great assistance. Moreover, the Stone-Age inhabitants of various periods appear to have had preferences for different qualities of flint. The earliest A-cultures appear to have had need for large heavy implements, and have therefore chosen large flint blocks as their raw material, often of a coarse-grained or "spongy" character. We meet with the A-cultures almost without exception upon the highest plateaus (generally of limestone) on many of which enormous quantities of very large and useable flint blocks occur. The "mesolithic" B and C-cultures use for preference a very homogeneous fine-grained flint which is easily flaked. The B-group, which appears to be the earlier of the two, is an almost pure bladeculture. Fine competent tanged arrowheads without barbs are the dominant implement type, and the flint is often chocolate-coloured, very close-grained and uniform in structure. The "chocolate", however, is only a patina; where the implements are recovered from beneath a layer of sand or clay the flint retains its original, almost cream-coloured appearance, a colour which is also revealed by broken pieces of "chocolate-flint."The C-group can be characterised as the scraper-culture group. The flint used is very varied, while the inventory shows a greater number of types than that of the first two groups: awls and points, as well as many small spherical flint blocks, occur, the last-named probably ammunition for slings and the like. It is in the C-group that the first, somewhat clumsily fashioned tanged arrowheads with barbs occur, a type which belongs in the main to the last, D-group.In this D-group, characterised by a surface-flaking technique and an admirable sense of form, the barbed and tanged arrowheads dominate, together with a great number of large and small implements. The typical flake-scrapers of the C-group disappear -and the first true axes appear. In describing the D-group as "neolithic", however, I must make it clear at once that polished axes -or other polished implements- do not occur. Among all the objects discovered in Qatar we have only two specimens of a type of fine greenstone which show signs of polishing. Neither specimen, however, can with certainty be classified as Stone-Age objects, even though there is a high probability that they belong in this catagory, while their shape and appearance give no clue to their function. The flint material in the D-group is very variagated, but the quality and appearance is excellent. A preference seems to have been shown for a veined, agate-like, often reddish-striped flint, which we have called "rose-flint"; but a few sites -probably of early date- exist showing a beautiful, shiny, almost black flint ("desert-polished"). Flaked quartz occurs on many of the sites, particularly those of the C- and D-groups. The fine, carefully fashioned, tanged arrowheads and the other small flint implements are sometimes fashioned of flint of an almost transparent quality, or of a fine smooth quartzite. True microliths do not occur in Qatar. The very few retouched blades which might superficially recall traditional microliths are probably only chance products with a purely coincidental resemblance to deliberately produced microliths.The 68 sites mentioned above divide up as follows into the different groups:Group A (palaeolithic character) 30 sites (I-XXX).Group B (mesolithic blade-arrowhead culture) 8 sites (XXXI-XXXVIII).Group C (mesolithic scraper culture) 19 sites (XXXIX-LVII).Group D (neolithic (?) tanged-arrowhead culture) 11 sites (LVIII-LXVIII).With regard to the following survey of the inventory of the sites it is necessary to remark that in certain cases the term "implements" is used with a conveniently broad margin, insofar as in the few wholly or partly excavated sites all specimens capable of definition (for example as "blades", "scrapers", etc.) are included, while in the case of especially important sites -particularly the palaeolithic (A) sites, characteristic discards are sometimes included as "implements."In the survey the sequence number of the site is given in Roman figures (I-LXVIII), the museum catalogue number in ordinary Arabic numerals preceded by A, and the numbers preceded by Q give the year and sequence of discovery of the site; for example Q.60.14 denotes Qatar expedition-1960-discovery number 14.Two of the implement types in the following tables require more detailed definition, "tile scrapers and knives" and "winged flakes." Tile scrapers (and knives) appear to belong solely to the C and D-cultures, and are fashioned of flat flint "tiles" of natu


| 2016 | 1 dementia care is to enable early diagnosis, ensure optimization of physical health and well-being, identify and manage accompanying physical illness, facilitate effective treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms and provide guidance to the caregivers.[1,4] As recommended by the World Health Organization, the need of the hour is that program managers from different nations should acknowledge dementia as a public health priority and thus involve all stakeholders (viz health, social, financial and legal sectors).[1,5]


The microscopic location of implanted arsenic (As) atoms in a silicon dioxide (SiO2) matrix was studied using the avalanche injection technique. For samples annealed in nitrogen (N2), two trapping centers were observed with capture cross sections of (2–3)×10−16 cm2 and (1.5–2)×10−15 cm2. This is consistent with earlier results. Since silicon (Si) implantation reduces the density of these traps, we have concluded that they are due to As located substitutionally for Si in the SiO2 rather than in oxygen (O) sites suggested by earlier workers. The dominant trap for the samples annealed in an O2 ambient has a capture cross section of 1×10−15 cm2. It is suggested that this trap is due to an As‐O complex formed through a reaction of O with interstitial As.


Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk factors and outcome of bile leak after liver transplantation. Methods We undertook a retrospective study of patients who underwent liver transplantation in our institution between January 2010 and January 2014. The characteristics and survival rate of patients with or without bile leak were compared. Results Bile leak was observed in sixteen patients after liver transplantation (2.7% of the total number of patients transplanted). Total operating time and bile duct reconstruction technique (duct-to-duct anastomosis or Rouxen-Y cholangiojejunostomy) were found to differ significantly between patients with and without bile leak in univariate (p = 0.001 and 0.024, respectively) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.012 and 0.026, respectively). There was no difference in the one-year patient survival rate between the two groups. However, two-year patient survival rate was significantly lower in the bile leak group (p = 0.003). Both one-year and two-year graft survival rates were significantly lower in the bile leak group (p = 0.049 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusions Cholangiojejunostomy and prolonged total operating time are risk factors for bile leak after deceased donor liver transplantation. Bile leak reduces graft and patient survival rates after deceased donor liver transplantation.


This paper analyzes the causes that contribute to listed companies' credit risk,and then formulates a logistic model of judging listed companies' credit in which interest rate safeguard multiplier and turnover rate of inventory are key indices through handling the data of the companies'annual reports.Listed companies' credit after one year can be evaluated by using the model.


This article reports on the efforts of a political science professor teaching a multidisciplinary course focused on New York City to develop an interdisciplinary class project designed to lead students to an appreciation of the immigrant experience in the United States "From Ellis Island to JFK" (Foner, 2000). The particular interdisciplinary project that the article describes employs work from philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and political science in an effort to help students grasp more fully the often contentious and always complex process of immigrant acculturation from traditional cultures to life in a modern capitalist society. The project culminates with students considering how the narrative in Mario Puzo's novel The Fortunate Pilgrim, which chronicles the fortunes of an early 20th century Italian immigrant family in New York, reflects the academic work covered previously in class and whether the story line applies more generally to the experiences of recent immigrants to the United States. It is notable that the venue within which this class occurs, St. John's University, has had as part of its larger mission for nearly 150 years the education of first-generation college students. This mission is a particularly telling one in a classroom peopled with first-generation Muslim immigrants as well as fifth or sixth generation descendants of the southern and eastern European immigrants of the turn of the last century.


The possibilities of powerful laser application for the body resistance and thermal loading control at supersonic flights are discussed. Different schemes of laser action on the free- stream flow are considered. The effectiveness of the schemes are studied.


An integrative taxonomic analysis combining molecular and morphological lines of evidence revealed a new cryptic species of the Microhyla achatina species group from the Langbian Plateau of southern Vietnam. The new species was previously confused with its recently described morphologically similar and sympatric sister species, M. pineticola. The new species can be distinguished from M. pineticola by the presence of a continuous dark stripe running from the posterior edge of its eye towards the groin (vs dark markings interrupted above the axilla), snout acuminate in lateral profile (vs rounded), belly colour pattern, and foot webbing. The new species is currently known only from Bidoup–Nui Ba National Park in Lam Dong Province, Langbian Plateau in southern Vietnam (at elevations of 1300–1600 m a.s.l). We suggest the new species to be considered as Near Threatened (NT) in the IUCN Red List. Our results emphasize that our understanding of the diversity of genus Microhyla is still far from complete, and provide further evidence for montane areas of southern Vietnam to be a centre of Microhyla species richness. Our study further underscores the urgent need for intensified integrative taxonomic research on Microhyla spp. in order to clarify the taxonomy of wide-ranging species complexes and to elaborate effective conservation measures.


Energy is an important issue in the present scenario of the world and there is always a need in the renewable energy for sustainable growth. The rapid increase in population leads to the increases of energy consumption. But, the existing supplying systems are limited by fossil fuel stock. Majority of households use appliances powered by electric power or fossil power for the daily applications such as cooking, heating processes, etc. Energy crisis and environmental damage are concerned. The researchers are recommending an alternative fuel and efficient conversion techniques to overcome those problems. Producer gas burner can act as a simple and very important device for an energy sector which can improve cooking and kitchen environment. It would be more worthy if it is used for roadside hotels, hostels, schools, etc. where cooking is used for a large number of people. This Experimental work deals with the design and fabrication of a burner system, operating on producer gas, for domestic cooking purpose and the burner is designed focusing on characteristics such as simplicity, cost effectiveness, efficiency and safety. Also concentrated on the modifications necessary to meet the requirements of stable flame for the burner and the testing is involved in determining the performance of the burner system. It is found that efficiency of premixed type of burner is better as compared to diffusion type of burner since there is increase of burner efficiency of 5% for premixed type. Hence mixing chamber is provided for the Premixed Type. For the analysis of the efficiency of burner water boiling test is conducted. It is also experimentally determined that the efficiency of fabricated Producer Gas Burner is 20% and uniform temperature profile is obtained. The time required for heating water from 25C to 80C is nearly same compared to LPG for same temperature conditions. INTRODUCTION India ranks fifth in the world in total energy consumption, whereas more than 70 % of its primary energy needs are being met through imports, mainly in the form of crude oil and natural gas. Coming to the power generation, India has increased installed power capacity from 1,362 MW to over 1,12,058 MW since independence and electric field more than 5,00,000 villages. This achievement is impressive but not sufficient. It is a matter of concern that 44 % of households do not have access to the electricity. The electricity supply is not even sufficient for those who have been connected. India is facing an energy shortage of 2.1%, or 24,077 million units (MUs) and a peak shortage of 2.6 %, of 4,208 MW (2015-16). The annual per capacity consumption of 1,010 KWh is amongst the lowest in the world. Around 280 million people in the country do not have access to electricity. In comparison, China has a per capita consumption of 4,000 kWh, with developed nations averaging around 15,000 kWh per capita. India needs as much as 13,397.39 billion to meet its target of installing 1,00,000 MW of solar power capacity and around 60,000 MW of wind power capacity by 2022. Energy is an important issue in the present scenario of the world and there is always a need in the renewable energy for sustainable growth. The rapid increase in population leads to the increases of energy consumption. But, the existing supplying systems NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN: 2394-3696 VOLUME 3, ISSUE 9, Sep.-2016 52 | P a g e are limited by fossil fuel stock. Majority of households use appliances powered by electric power or fossil power for the daily applications such as cooking, heating processes, etc. Energy crisis and environmental damage are concerned. Most of the houses use LPG as fuel for cooking. An average, a household uses about 8 to 10 LPG cylinders per year for cooking. The LPG consumption has increased by 16% in six months from April to September 2015. Keeping in view problems related to availability, price of LPG fuel, research centers and institutions are challenged to develop a technology for cooking based on alternative energy sources other than LPG. Producer gas is the mixture of gases produced by the gasification of organic material such as biomass at relatively low temperatures (700o to 1000o C). Producer gas is composed of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and typically a range of hydrocarbons such as methane (CH 4 ) with nitrogen from the air. Producer gas can be burned as a fuel gas such as in a boiler for heat or in an internal combustion gas engine for electricity generation or combined heat and power. Producer gas has a lower calorific value (4500 to 5500 kJ/m) compared to liquefied petroleum gas (41,000 kJ/m), but can be burnt with high efficiency and good degree of control without emitting smoke. Density of Producer gas is about 0.729 kg/m. Producer gas consists of 27% of Carbon Monoxide, 4.5% of Carbon Dioxide, 14% of Hydrogen, 3% of Methane, 50.9% of Nitrogen and 0.6% of Oxygen The burner is designed for producer gas. The main components of the burner are the injector, the air/gas mixing chamber and the burner ports. The injector tapers into a nozzle which enters into the air/gas mixing chamber. The air/gas mixing chamber opens into the burner head. The burner head has number of ports from which the gas can be ignited. The combustion of gas is regulated by moving the injector into and out of the air/gas chamber, which regulates the amount of air that enters the chamber. If the injector is moved deeper into the air/gas mixing chamber, the drift of oxygen into the burner is reduced thus reducing combustion. On the contrary, when the injector is moved out of the air/gas mixing chamber, more oxygen enters into the burner thereby increasing combustion. The frames and the stands are made from angle bars. A wall made from metal sheet welded round the frame serves as wind breaker. The stove is connected to the gas holding unit of the gas plant by a rubber hose which convey gas from the gas holder of the plant to the burner. The objectives of this work are, To get faster burning rate, reduce the pressure drop, design high efficient burner., obtain better combustion by proper mixing of air with producer gas, design and fabricate and modify a commercial gasifier burner using locally available materials such as wood, agricultural waste, coconut shells etc. To study and analyse the performance of the fabricated gas burner using the Water Boiling Test, create a continuous fuel supply system, design and fabricate mixing chamber for mixing of Air and Producer Gas. LITERATURE SURVEY A detailed study is done in understanding the system, it is suggested by J J Hernandez that premixed flames from the combustion of producer gas obtained from biomass gasification using air and steam as gasifying agent have been analyzed. The main advantages of using steam instead of air as gasifying agent from the combustion point of view are the following, larger flame stability region, higher blow off limit for a given relative producer gas/air ratio. Therefore, more power can be achieved. Results related to chemi-luminescence are the following; the maximum amount of OH and CH radicals generated in the combustion of the producer gas obtained has been obtained for a relative producer gas/air ratio about 1.1 and 1 for steam gasification and air gasification respectively. These values are consistent with the maximum adiabatic flame temperature of the fuels. By using lean mixtures while keeping the combustion stability, It is possible to reduce the nitrogen oxides emissions up to 18.6 % using NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN: 2394-3696 VOLUME 3, ISSUE 9, Sep.-2016 53 | P a g e producer gas from steam gasification (corresponding to a relative fuel/air ratio of 0.82), whereas using air gasification producer gas the reduction of NOx is 15.2 % (corresponding to a fuel/air ratio of 1.437). Anthony I Obi fabricated a burner and concluded that it boiled 0.10 liters of water in one minute while 1.73g of rice was cooked in a minute. The gas consumption for water boiling and rice cooking were 0.47m/min and 2.87m/min respectively. The efficiencies of the burner in the above processes were 21% and 60% respectively. The re-igniting of the burner resulting from the flame dying off may have been responsible for the comparatively low cooking and high gas consumption rates. The water boiling test result shows that the improved burner helps has a better gas consumption rate compared to the prototype burner. Nelson A Bajet modified the LPG burner and suggested that the preliminary trials of the design of the biogas burner were the performance of little flame heat efficiency were not suitable for cooking because of an excessive carbon black due to incomplete combustion. The third designed and developed biogas burner composed of four parts, namely the nozzle, air regulation parts, injector and head. A liquefied petroleum gas cooking burner was used, but it was modified in some parts like in the nozzle, air regulation parts and in the injector. This design was found effective for biogas as substitute for LPG. Payback computation showed that, 4.87 years payback period was computed to recover the cost of biogas technology if utilized for household consumption only. Stove design for biogas is cost effective, an alternative fuel source, and saves forest by not using firewood or charcoal for cooking. The technology is health and environment friendly. According to Narendra Rathore , producer gas burner type has the potential to save fuel wood because it can work on a great variety of non-wood or waste-wood fuels. The combustion efficiency and heat-capture efficiency of burners are better than efficiencies of open fires and burner currently in use, resulting in the need for less fuel. Traditional cook stoves, because of their very low effici


A reconfigurable radix-r FFT structure design is proposed, to reduce the memory and time consumption caused by zero-paddling in traditional radix-2/4 methods. The radix-r FFT computing flow is divided into three iterative steps: rotate factors computation; memory access schedule; butterfly coefficients matrix multiplication. The hardware structure is depicted, in which the memory accessing schedule is implemented by a finite state machine, the rotate factors and butterfly coefficients are calculated by the Taylor series expansion. The time consumption of the proposed structure is analyzed, and with the arbitrary data points, an optimized radix can be used to minimize the computing time. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed design has the advantage of generality, less time consumption and hardware costs.


This paper empirically examines the additionalities or crowding-out effects of international and national outsourcing of R&D to generate innovation. Using a panel database of about 10,000 Spanish firms for the period 2005-2014, we show that there is asymmetry in the effectiveness of the combined adoption of R&D outsourcing locations. International R&D outsourcing re-inforces the effect of domestic R&D outsourcing. However, national outsourcing does not re-inforce international R&D outsourcing. We next explore sources of additionality. Property Right Theory (PRT) suggests that additionality is high when holdup problems are low. We therefore analyze two important situations where holdup problems are likely to be low: with public foreign providers and in sectors with low technological complexity. Consistent with PRT, our results suggest that additionality is stronger when R&D is acquired from public providers rather than from private providers. Moreover, we find additionality in sectors with medium or low R&D complexity. In sectors with high R&D complexity, domestic and international outsourcing are largely independent. These results also suggest that international R&D outsourcing does not undermine domestic R&D.


Objective To measure the efficacy of boric acid wood preservatives in the prevention of Coptotermes formosanus(Shiraki) and Reticulitermes speratus(Kolbe) in buildings.Methods A cohort of C.formosanus or R.speratus were subject to timbers or wood blocks treated with 5% or 10% borate preservative by painting or dipping to determine the respective toxicity and residual effect.Results Borate treated wood demonstrated a good resistance effect against C.formosanus and R.speratus,which were dead at both concentrations with either wood treatment approach.C.formosanus were more susceptible to the agent as the subjects demonstrated shorter survival duration.All subjects of C.formosanus died in(12.6±2.4) days and all R.speratus in(16.8±1.7)days as exposed to wood without ageing,both shorter than the time for death of the groups exposed to wood after ageing,(19.1±2.7) days for C.formosanus and(21.8±5.0) days for R.speratus,respectively.The death rate of the control group was lower than 0.1%.C.formosanus was more susceptible to boric acid in view of the resistance effect,as the intactness index of each piece of borate treated wood in that group was higher than 90.The intactness index of wood treated in 5% by painting or 10% agent by either painting or dipping,with or without ageing,remained above 90.In contrast,wood in the control group was seriously damaged with the intactness index as low as 60 and 40,respectively.It was suggested that borate treated wood had satisfyingly stable and long-last toxicity against termites,which was not compromised by ageing.Conclusion Borate wood preservative can be used for wood treatment for effective termite prevention in buildings.


Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Abstract-The author has researched and developed a theory of computation for caricature and has implemented this theory as an interactive computer graphicsprogram. The Caricature Generator program is used to create caricatures by amplifying the differences between the face tobecaricatured and acomparison face. This continuous, parallel amplification of facial features on the computer screen simulates the visualization process in theimagination of thecaricaturist. The result is a recognizable, animated caricature, generated by computer and mediated by an individual who may or may not have facility for drawing, but who, like most human beings, is expert at visualizing and recognizing faces. Fig. 1. Traditional caricature, drawn by the author, pen and ink, 1981. The act of drawing sometimes hampers the visualization process. (a) A digitized photograph of the subject. (b,c) Two intermediate sketches on the way to a caricature, both of which resemble the subject very little. Each attempt concentrates on only a couple of isolated aspects of the face; these attempts represent dead ends in the visualization process. (d) The fmished handdrawn caricature.


In recent years, Stuart Sim has written or edited a number of works that bear on the intersection between postmodernism and Marxism. Sim has taken a particular interest in post-Marxism, which he identifies as "now a well-established theoretical position" that "attempts to rescue aspects of Marxist thought from the collapse of Marxism as a global cultural and political force in the later twentieth century" (p. 2). In Post-Marxism: A Reader, edited by him, Sim (1998) brings together selections from a number of thinkers who share this position. In Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, Sim attempts to trace the intellectual history of the position in twentieth-century philosophy and cultural criticism. Sim distinguishes between post-Marxism, that body of intellectual work that comes after Marxism, and post-Marxism, that body of intellectual work that attempts to preserve aspects of Marxism within the now ascendant postMarxist world. Sim is interested in the latter, in theoretical work that seeks to rescue aspects of Marxism from the wreck of Marxist thought. What postMarxism salvages from Marxism and retains within a new postmodern orientation in philosophy is Marxism as critique, as moral outrage against the inequalities and relationships of subordination built into the capitalist world order. What post-Marxism leaves behind are Marxism as social science and Marxism as scientific philosophy. Post-Marxism feels no regret in leaving this scientific Marxism behind. Indeed, post-Marxism agrees with other critics of Marxism in seeing in scientific Marxism the intellectual roots of the "authoritarian and totalitarian political system favored by most classical Marxists" (p. 2); other prominent recent statements of this point of view can be found in Heller and Nekrich (1986) and Walicki (1995). Central to post-Marxism is postmodernism's appropriation of the critique of modernist thought developed by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno ([1944] 1976) in their Dialectic of Enlightenment. Building on a scientistic, reductionistic, and deterministic outlook, founded on a metaphysics of presence and identity, Marxism constructed a totalizing worldview and a grand master narrative. Convinced of the objective truth of this totalizing worldview, Marxists could not tolerate difference. In this way, critics contend,


In the clinical evaluation of hypertensive states, the use of the piperoxan (benodaine®) hydrochloride test 1 for detecting adrenal medullary tumors offered another aid in establishing the presence of such tumors. Green 2 reported that of 51 patients who had proved adrenal tumors, only 14 had the classical paroxysmal type of hypertension. The remaining 37 had sustained hypertension. Thorn, Hindle, and Sandmeyer 3 suggested that each patient with severe hypertension should be investigated for pheochromocytoma, since hypertension may be cured by removing such a tumor. The piperoxan test, with its characteristic lowering of a sustained hypertension, provides a safe blood pressure response in the presence of a tumor. However, our recent experience with two cases has raised some doubt concerning the specificity of this test for pheochromocytoma. The diagnostic test was performed according to the method described by Goldenberg, Snyder, and Aranow. 1 In Case 1 there was a "positive"


This paper analyzes the effects of removing the unfunded social security in an economy where entrepreneurs play a critical role in replicating the dispersion of wealth observed in the U.S. data. The quantitative findings reveal that the wealth Gini falls from 0 : 804 to 0 : 521 indicating a more equal distribution of wealth after privatization. Unlike the models without entrepreneurs, the fall in entrepreneurial profits further contributes to the reduction in the wealth inequality. The wealth distribution among the entrepreneurs is initially more equal than the one among the non-entrepreneurs, and privatization leads to exactly the opposite case in the long run. Furthermore, the occupational composition is reported to change in favor of entrepreneurship. Even though the fraction of entrepreneurs increases by 29%, their share in total wealth and income falls by 39%, and 7%, respectively. Finally, the increase in aggregate consumption as a percentage of the rise in aggregate output is always significantly lower with entrepreneurs than without them underlining the importance of additional saving motive introduced by the entrepreneurship.


Determination of crystal structures of nanocrystalline or amorphous compounds is a great challenge in solid‐state chemistry and physics. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of X‐ray or neutron total scattering data has proven to be a key element in tackling this challenge. However, in most cases, a reliable structural motif is needed as a starting configuration for structure refinements. Here, an algorithm that is able to determine the crystal structure of an unknown compound by means of an on‐the‐fly trained machine learning model, which combines density functional theory calculations with comparison of calculated and measured PDFs for global optimization in an artificial landscape, is presented. Due to the nature of this landscape, even metastable configurations and stacking disorders can be identified.


Objective To study the epidemiology,clinical features and serology of hospitalized patients with latent syphilis.Methods The clinical data of 241 cases of latent syphilis were retrospectively analyzed.Results The 241 cases of latent syphilis were in a male/female ratio of 1.64∶1.Early latent syphilis accounted for 35 cases and late latent syphilis for 65 cases.141cases were in undefinite stage.The patients of latent syphilis trend went up in recent years.Conclusions Cases of latent syphilis are widespread in hospitalized patients with epidemiology characteristics.Therefore,syphilis serology test for hospitalized patients is highly recommended.Procaine penicillin is the drug of first choice in the treatment of latent syphilis.


To identify the Greek world as a cultural system is at first sight fairly easy. For all the divergences of phonology and vocabulary among and within the four major dialect groupings, Attic/Ionic, Arcado-Cypriot, Aeolic, and Doric/North-west Greek, the dialects were mutually intelligible. If one now thinks of the Greek world of the 470s not as a cultural system but as an economic system, its unity is much less perspicuous. Developments of a rather different kind were affecting the public, intellectual, and social life of the 470s and were exposing the strains and contradictions inherent in the very institution which had shaped Greek political life for so long, the republican polis. To diagnose crisis, at a moment when the Persian Wars had just been fought in defence of and in terms of the polis and when their outcome had to all appearance vindicated it as a system of government.


The switches between a non-privileged application and the OS kernel running in the CPU's supervisor mode have been inducing performance costs despite manufacturer efforts to provide special instructions for such transition. Software that heavily interacts with the underlying OS (e.g., I/O intensive and event-driven applications) suffers from system call overhead. To deteriorate this situation, security vulnerabilities in modern processors have prompted kernel mitigations that further increase the transition overhead. Particularly system-call-heavy applications have been reported to be slowed down by up to 30% with kernel page-table isolation (KPTI), the widely deployed mitigation for the Meltdown vulnerability. To decouple system calls from mode transitions, we revisit an old idea known as system-call batching or multi-calls: the bundling of system calls into a combined call, which only incurs the mode-transition costs of a single one. And then, we have implemented ESCA scheme to adapt system-call batching to Linux-based servers in the light of Meltdown and Spectre, effectively eliminating the slowdown of KPTI-affected applications. Our evaluation shows that the throughputs of real-world applications, benefiting from ESCA, can be improved with only 2 lines of code changed respectively: Nginx by up to 12%, lighttpd by up to 23%, and Redis by 4%. Meanwhile, using aggregated transitions, our approach allows faster system calls interleaved with full compatibility but without requiring Linux kernel patches.


The prehistory of spectral estimation has its roots in ancient times with the development of the calendar and the clock. The work of Pythagoras in 600 B.C. on the laws of musical harmony found mathematical expression in the eighteenth century in terms of the wave equation. The struggle to understand the solution of the wave equation was finally resolved by Jean Baptiste Joseph de Fourier in 1807 with his introduction of the Fourier series. The Fourier theory was extended to the case of arbitrary orthogonal functions by Sturm and Liouville in 1836. The Sturm-Liouville theory led to the greatest empirical success of spectral analysis yet obtained, namely the formulation of quantum mechanics as given by Heisenberg and Schrödinger in 1925 and 1926. In 1929 John von Neumann put the spectral theory of the atom on a firm mathematical foundation in his spectral representation theorem in Hilbert space. Meanwhile, Wiener developed the mathematical theory of Brownian movement in 1923, and in 1930 he introduced generalized harmonic analysis, that is, the spectral representation of a stationary random process. The common ground of the spectral representations of von Neumann and Wiener is the Hilbert space; the von Neumann result is for a Hermitian operator, whereas the Wiener result is for a unitary operator. Thus these two spectral representations are related by the Cayley-Möbius transformation. In 1942 Wiener applied his methods to problems of prediction and filtering, and his work was interpreted and extended by Norman Levinson. Wiener in his empirical work put more emphasis on the autocorrelation function than on the power spectrum. The modern history of spectral estimation begins with the breakthrough of J.W. Tukey in 1949, which is the statistical counterpart of the breakthrough of Fourier 142 years earlier. This result made possible an active development of empirical spectral analysis by research workers in all scientific disciplines. However, spectral analysis was computationally expensive. A major computational breakthrough occurred with the publication in 1965 of the fast Fourier transform algorithm by J.S. Cooley and J.W. Tukey. The Cooley-Tukey method made it practical to do signal processing on waveforms in either the time or the frequency domain, something never practical with continuous systems. The Fourier transform became not just a theoretical description, but a tool. With the development of the fast Fourier transform the field of empirical spectral analysis grew from obscurity to importance, and is now a major discipline. Further important contributions were the introduction of maximum entropy spectral analysis by John Burg in 1967, the development of spectral windows by Emmanuel Parzen and others starting in the 1950's, the statistical work of Maurice Priestley and his school, hypothesis testing in time series analysis by Peter Whittle starting in 1951, the Box-Jenkins approach by George Box and G.M. Jenkins in 1970, and autoregressive spectral estimation and order-determining criteria by E. Parzen and H. Akaike starting in the 1960's. To these statistical contributions must be added the equally important engineering contributions to empirical spectrum analysis, which are not treated at all in this paper, but form the subject matter of the other papers in this special issue.


ABSTRACT:-Child abuse that cause by parenting mistakes often occur and result in significant impact to the child. The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of child abuse overview of each type of parenting parents on prison students aged 15-18 years. The research method is descriptive. These samples included 67 respondents taken by purposive sampling method and sample size determined by consecutive sampling. A questionnaire was used to determine the type of parenting parents. Type of child abuse is determined based on indicators of violence originating from the WHO and Unicef. The results showed a 49.13% physical abuse, emotional 36.99%, 13.29% abandonment, and 0.59% sexual authoritative parenting. 35.71% physical violence, emotional 42.86%, and 21.43% in the neglect authoritarian parenting. Permissive parenting physical violence has 51.16%, 30.24% and 18.60% emotional neglect. There are 39.54% physical abuse, emotional 40.70%, 13.95% and 5.81% of sexual neglect in upbringing neglect. Conclusion of the study was an authoritarian parenting and neglect, the type of child abuse most often happens is the emotional harm. At the authoritative and permissive parenting style, the type of child abuse is most often physical violence. There was no sexual assault on a permissive and authoritarian parenting.


At present, there are few reports of broadside antennas based on the transverse slots in SIWs, because those slot structures often exist as open stopbands (OSB), which restrict radiation in the broadside direction. In this communication, a new type of transverse slot element, eye-shaped transverse slot element with a high phase shift, is proposed. The phase constant of this element can vary linearly, which can lead to continuous beam scanning from the backward-to-forward direction. The relationship between the phase difference and the element size is obtained by simulation. What is more, a leaky-wave antenna with element spacing slightly larger than half-waveguide wavelength is described, and its internal field distribution is analyzed. The measured results show that the main beam can scan from −56° to 39° when the frequency increases from 9.1 to 13 GHz, while the gain ranges from 9 to 11.7 dBi in the passband with an effective length of 110 mm. Because of its small antenna length, wide beam scanning range, and high gain, the antenna can be widely used in wireless communication or radar systems.


Cellulose consists of a multitude of thin, long nanofibers with both crystalline and noncrystalline regions. If these fibers are isolated and broken down into lengthy, mostly crystalline polymers, they can then be reconstituted into novel materials, one which is foam. Nanofibrillar cellulose foam (NFC), however, has not been able to perform at its theoretical strength. Therefore, its deformation must be examined to determine how its fabrication can be improved. Thesis Supervisor: Lorna Gibson Title: Matoula S. Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering


Introduction Triple Network Model (TNM), which considers the dynamic interaction between Default Mode (DMN), Salience (SN), and Central Executive (CEN) networks, explains clinical features in mental disorders from a neurophysiological perspective. Some studies highlight the increased connectivity in TNM in adults with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), but little is known about adolescents. Objectives The aim of our preliminary study was to investigate TN functional connectivity (FC) in BPD adolescents with a history of traumatic experiences, and its correlation with dissociative symptoms. Methods 15 BPD adolescents (DSM-5 criteria) with early traumatic experiences were compared to 15 healthy controls, matched for sex and age. Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q) was administered. Eyes-closed resting-state (RS) EEG recordings were performed (19 electrodes; 10- 20 system) and analyzed using Exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography software (eLORETA). FC was computed for all frequency bands and 9 Regions of Interest for TNM. Results BPD adolescents showed a hyper-connection between CEN and DMN [dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); PCC and left posterior parietal cortex (PPC)] and within the CEN (left and right PPC). The strength of PCC-dlPFC and left-right PPC connections was correlated with dissociative symptoms severity. Conclusions FC alterations can already be identified in BPD adolescents, supporting the need for early diagnosis. Normally DMN and CEN show opposite functioning. In our BPD adolescents, the absence of this "anti-correlation" reflects the typical confusion between internal and external mental states, which clarify their difficulties in metacognition or mentalization. Moreover, in dissociative symptoms, two CEN nodes are also involved, not only DMN as previously described. Disclosure No significant relationships.


AMONG the obscure men who have influenced our present civilization significantly, few deserve greater recognition than a backwoods Massachusetts physician, Charles Knowlton. This man was entirely a New Englander, never even having been outside that section of the country except for two brief trips into New York State. He was largely responsible for the inception of the birth-control movement in America, having written one of the earliest books describing (and approving) the use of contraceptives, and was, indirectly, important to the cause throughout the world. Moreover, he wrote an unusual psychological treatise based (a century ago) on what is now called behaviorism. He was, altogether, a remarkable man. Possibly the future will give him more credit than the past.' His life extended through the first half of the nineteenth century. The record of his early career remains to us, paradoxically, only because of his very obscurity. Patients were not numerous for a young doctor in the rural sections of Massachusetts; therefore Knowlton de-


Examines the nuclear power plant constructed at Shoreham, New York, and the accumulated miscalculations and mishaps that eventually forced its deconstruction. An intricate study of the groups, policies and regulatory issues involved in a historic legal battle.


Examines America's policies toward the Middle East from 1977 to 1979 and discusses the negotiation of the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt.


After China's entry into WTO, transport industry is in a rapid developing phase, especially the multinational business. Accordingly, the Satellite Positioning System has attracted extensive concern as an important application in intelligent transportation. Inmarsat-C is a global coverage system, integrated with GPS and equipped with functions of positioning and data communication. The highly integrated terminal and compact facilities are its special characters. So Inmarsat is a Global Positioning System and Global Data Communication System. This article describes the constitution of Inmarsat-C system, service, application characters in transportation areas, business value and the application prospect for the future.


The underlying motive for someone to read is an attempt to obtain gratification through the media. According to Denis McQuail, there are four typology motives that are used, namely: motive of information (surveillance), motive of personal identity, patterns of integration and social interaction (personal relationship), and entertainment motive (diversion). This study is based on the uses and gratifications theory by analyzing the motives through pre-test questionnaire as an instrument of gratification sought, then post-test questionnaire to determine the real satisfaction (gratification obtained) towards 100 respondents who are included. Quantitative method is used to prove the hypothesis of the study, in which the McNemar test on nominal data for the same population assesses two different objects show the existence of the gap (discrepancy) between the motives with the satisfaction of the reader. This research does not stop until the analysis of the gap between motives and reader satisfaction, but further study to see comparative advertising in the free tabloids "Surabaya Shopping Media" and "Iklan Pos". Two free tabloids can be juxtaposed in a comparison study, due to the same general specifications owned by both. On the other hand, the difference of these two free tabloids are: representing two different company backgrounds in their establishments (company profile), the ideology of the company, product display, advertiser segmentation, tagline and iconic products. The accumulated data at a sub variable level shows that motive variables and satisfaction with free tabloid "Surabaya Shopping Media" and "Iklan Pos" in this study are defined as an interval scale data, then tested using two sample paired difference test for interval scale data using the short method for t test.


This article from the northern shaanxi numerous petrochemical enterprise logistics cost control condition-cost control lack of current situations,many enterprises logistics cost high,lack of corresponding market competition ability.This article points out the petrochemical enterprise logistics cost control,the main concept is to base cost and cost of transportation two critical points to control the cost,also should consider to energy conservation and emission reduction this point three aspect comprehensive consideration,in order to reduce petrochemical enterprise logistics costs,improve the market competitive power,to achieve the best results.


go' (p. 7) is unjustified. If there is, as she believes, any 'turning back the clock' (p. 7), it is found in her defence of misogynistic ideals. Her study does little other than revive the old clichés that have made up the war between the sexes since the suffragettes. Her ploy to give ammunition to masculinist ideals through the methodological debunking of feminist achievements and aspirations cannot be described as anything but morally irresponsible and begs the question of her own commitment to both feminist concerns and philosophical matters.


The present invention relates to a method of transferring an incoming call (APE) that target fixed communication terminals connected to the local network (TF), to a mobile communication terminal connected to a mobile network (TM1, TM2). Such methods are described in the local network, the following steps, i.e., detection of the presence of the mobile communication terminal (TM1, TM2) and (C3), if there is no mobile communication terminal in the local network, one incoming data If, on the other hand is associated with the mobile communication terminal, while a comparison with the previously recorded call data to the local network (C5a, C5b, C5c) and, a call data and call data associated with the latter terminal selection of a suitable mobile communication terminal according to similar criteria (TM1, TM2) (C6a, C6b, C6c) and ordering the transfer of the incoming call to a preferred mobile communication terminal selected (C7a~C9a, C7b~ C9b, including the C7c~C9c) and.