# 2003 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain ± all rights reserved In the title compound, C5H12NO2S + C2Cl3O2, the methionine molecule exists as a cation with a protonated amino group and an uncharged carboxylic acid group, while the trichloroacetic acid molecule exists as an anion. The assembly of methioninium and trichloroacetate ions, leading to layers parallel to the ab plane, is characterized by a strong OÐH O-type hydrogen bond between the carboxylic acid and carboxylate groups of the respective ions. A head-to-tail hydrogen bond is also observed between the methioninium cations, in addition to S Cl, Cl Cl and Cl O short contacts.


This study reports an in situ investigation of the metal dissolution during anodization of titanium. A combination of an electrochemical flow cell that is directly coupled to an ICP-MS was used for the investigation. The oxide film was grown through potentiodynamic anodization (CV with 10 mV s−1) between 0 and 8 V. A rather constant dissolution rate of approximately 1.5 ng s−1 cm−2 was observed during the entire oxide formation although the current, as measured by the potentiostat, increased from 58 μA cm−2 (1 V) up to 290 μA cm−2 (8 V). Controversially, the dissolution rate was not affected by the additional electronic currents, which become relevant for potentials higher than 3.5 V. The metal dissolution is triggered by the ionic species (Ti4+ and O2−) crossing the oxide layer (ionic currents) under the applied high-field conditions. No reduction of the oxide during the reverse scan could be observed. The fraction of charge carriers used for metal dissolution stayed rather constant (ca. 21 %) up 3.5 V, and then continuously decreased to 4 % for the highest applied anodization potential (8.0 V), reflecting the increased oxygen evolution rate at a rather constant dissolution rate.


This paper addresses issues of modern-day Vietnamese identity, through the lens of "micro-cosmopolitan" translation theory. Proposed by Michael Cronin in 2006, micro-cosmopolitanism was particularly well suited to the languages observed in this study: Vietnamese, English, and French. Translations from Vietnamese to English and French are presented along with the work of prominent Vietnam scholars from a variety of disciplines. These are observed through a theoretical framework that looks to undermine conventional wisdom, engage in "intercultural fractal traveling", and seeks to further complexify translation phenomena it encounters. The approach also allows for a broad range of topics to be explored, thereby providing translation studies a comprehensive introduction to a language and identity the field has yet to explore in any depth. This study looks at areas familiar to translation scholars in chapters on language, poetry, literature, the media, and internet. Substantial historical background is included in order to gain a deeper understanding of contemporary Vietnamese identity as expressed in translation. Along the way, research has revealed much about the practice of translation in contemporary Vietnam, as well as the prominent role translation has played throughout this ancient nation's history. The innovative tools offered by micro-cosmopolitanism have helped create a study that would be of interest to anyone interested in translation, Vietnam, and the current status of an identity crafted via translation.


GPs' leaders have urged the government to commission an independent inquiry into the rollout of the NHS 111 urgent care telephone helpline in England.

Representatives at the annual conference of local medical committees in London on 23 May expressed anger at how the introduction of the new system had been handled and unanimously backed a motion calling for an inquiry into the "debacle" of the rollout.

NHS England recently announced that it was to carry out its own review of the management and implementation of the new non-emergency service,1 which has been beset with problems since its launch last month, including …


To promote undergraduate students' understanding of a human-centered design process, we conducted an engineering design course over a three we k summer session which included an immersive experience at an outdoor center that host s camps for children with disabilities. There were 13 participants in the course. We measured th participants' understanding of design by categorizing their responses to a soapbox derby car design task at the beginning and end of the course. We determined that the participants genera lly m de progress toward empathic design, where both their understanding of the design proces s and their understanding of the stakeholders improved simultaneously. We recommend the inclusio n of short course immersive experiences such as this for teaching human-centered design.


In video coding, affine motion models combined with a quadtree decomposition have often been suggested as an extension to the mostly used translational models combined with a blockwise decomposition. What is missing so far is a thorough analysis to judge the tradeoff between using more complex motion models or more elaborate decomposition methods in terms of data compression and information loss. In this paper, we compare different polynomial motion models with a quadtree decomposition concerning motion model complexity and granularity of decomposition. We provide a statistical evaluation based on optical flow databases to quantitatively find a tradeoff between bitrate and reconstruction error.


The V1.9W0.1O5 thin films deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by RF sputtering method exhibited fairly good TCR and dielectric properties. It was found that film crystallinity, dielectric properties, and TCR properties were strongly dependent upon the annealing temperature. The dielectric constants of the V1.9W0.1O5 thin films annealed at 300°C were 37.7, with a dielectric loss of 2.535, respectively. Also, the TCR values of the V1.9W0.1O5 thin films annealed at 300°C were about -3.7%/K.


The ability of fermented foods to inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria has been reported. Effect of ogi (fermented maize gruel ) against pathogenic strains of Shigella dysenteriae was investigated ( in vivo ) using standard chemical and microbiological methods. The proximate composition of commercial feeds showed higher amount of total solid (85.82 %), crude protein (16.31 g/100g) and metabolizable energy (1355.09 KJ) than the ogi diet. However, ogi had higher concentrations of Fe, Ca and Mg than the commercial feeds. The commercial feed (CF) supported the growth of the animals better than ogi . The Packed cell volume (PCV) of all the animals ranged from 20.00 to 26.00 % while the challenged animals had lower WBC count than the infected animals. After 4 days of the experiment there was a decrease in the total bacterial count of the faecal materials of the animals compared to initial count, however, the difference was not significant at P˂0.05. Infected animals fed with commercial feeds had the highest microbial load when plated on Salmonella-Shigella agar. Ogi did not encourage the multiplication of Shigella dysenteriae JBA 010 in the animals. Compared to the control and the commercial feed, ogi offered a pronounced protection again the infection of the pathogen.


In 40 patients with hereditary and acquired hemolytic anemia, the clinico-hematologic remission and improvement of the functional state of the liver was achieved as a result of the complex treatment.


Bit error rate (BER) performance of differential 16STAR-QAM in frequency-selective Rician fading channels with diversity reception is theoretically analysed for three different types of delay profiles: double spike, one-sided exponential and Gaussian profiles. The effect of time delay between line-of-sight (LOS) and multipath components is also included in the analysis, and is shown to degrade the system performance significantly.<
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Technical advice provided to the farmers to improve the udder health situation of their herd is not always efficient. The compliance with the control plan is quite low (Green et al., 2007). It could be partially due to the difficulty for the farmer to perceive the economic impact of such diseases and therefore also the cost-effectiveness of a new control plan. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of an economic based approach to induce acceptance of the control plan by the farmers. The advisor's intervention for mastitis control consisted in a classical technical analysis and a diagnosis of the origin of mastitis followed by a discussion of a new control with technical and economic arguments with the farmer. Software was used to provide an economic estimation of mastitis problems on the farm based on annual incidence and severity of the disease and farm characteristics. Both initial (over 12 month before the intervention) and expected (over 12 month after the implementation of the plan) economic impact were estimated. It included the costs related to treatments and prevention measures, and the estimated loss of gross margin due to reduced milk yield, impaired longevity and diminished milk price. The approach was tested in 30 farms by 6 advisors (veterinary practitioners and specialized engineers) and was found relevant, operational and efficient by the farmers and advisers. A high level in compliance with the control plan by the farmer was obtained by this economic estimation taking into account the specificities of their farms. The new downloadable free software can now be used on the computer of every interested advisor or farmer in France.


A group of Canadian engineers say they are successfully using an acoustic nondestructive method to check for breaks in grouted tendons of an active highway bridge in Huntingdon, England. The approach allows the team to monitor site progress from afar, via the Internet, using sensors smaller than a cigarette pack to "listen" to the bridge. The sensors transmit electrical signals through cables to an on-site personal computer that filters out noise, such as car tires hitting expansion joints, and records the rest. The data reveal the time, location, and sound frequency of "events," such as a breaking wire. The firm began testing the system in 1997 on a freestanding beam and was able to identify all 25 wire breaks. To field test the new system at the Huntingdon bridge in 1998, engineers simulated wire breaks by hitting concrete with a hammer and by attaching wires to the concrete and breaking them. The system was able to correctly spot 41 of 44 simulated breaks. The approach is an inexpensive way of deciding whether there are tendons breaking and reduces the amount of intrusive investigation. The engineering firm is now monitoring 25 sites in Canada and England and is growing fast.


Regular keratinocyte differentiation is crucial for the formation of an intact epidermal barrier and is triggered by extracellular calcium. Disturbances of epidermal barrier formation and aberrant keratinocyte differentiation are involved in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, basal and squamous skin cancer, and genetic skin diseases such as Darier's disease and Olmstedt syndrome. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms of calcium-induced differentiation in keratinocytes.We provide an overview of calcium's genomic and non-genomic mechanisms to induce differentiation and discuss the calcium gradient in the epidermis, giving rise to cornified skin and lipid envelope formation.We focus on the calcium-sensing receptor, transient receptor potential channels, and STIM/Orai as the major constituents of calcium sensing and calcium entry in the keratinocytes. Finally, skin diseases linked to impaired differentiation will be discussed, paying special attention to disturbed TRP channel expression and TRP channel mutations.


Abstract Purpose To investigate the psychometric properties of a Chinese-translated version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure. Materials and methods The Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure was translated into Chinese using cultural adaptation by adding/replacing with activities relevant to Chinese culture. Parents of 53 children aged 2–5 years with developmental disabilities and of 50 typical developing children completed the questionnaires. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, known-group validity, and discriminant validity were examined using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients respectively. Results Internal consistency was acceptable for most scales (α = 0.42–0.89). Test–retest reliability of the summary scores was moderate to high for all scales (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.65−0.90). Known-group validity was supported by demonstrating significant differences by disability status in all community participation scales, two daycare/preschool participation scales, and one home participation scale. Low or negative correlations between the scores of some scales and children's cognition (ρ = 0.27–0.32; –0.36–to–0.35) and parental stress (ρ = –0.42–to–0.31) supported discriminant validity. Conclusion This study provided psychometric evidence supporting the use of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure to assess Chinese children's participation and environmental support. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure is translated into Chinese using a cultural adaptation process. The Chinese version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure demonstrates evidence for internal consistency, test–retest reliability (including the minimal detectable change). The Chinese version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure demonstrates evidence for known-group validity and discriminant validity. The Chinese version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure holds promise for use in children aged 2−5 years to assess their participation and identify environmental barriers warranting intervention.


An ECL based immunoassay to detect specific antibodies to drug X in the presence of elevated levels of rheumatoid factor (RF) was developed. The assay supported immunogenicity assessment in a clinical study with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients more effectively than the initial bridging ELISA where RF interference caused a high rate of false positives. Three types of ECL assay plates (streptavidin standard bind, streptavidin high bind, and avidin high bind) were evaluated for their ability to eliminate RF interference. The avidin coated high bind plates showed the most RF elimination without impacting the assay sensitivity. In the immunogenicity analysis using the ELISA method, 20.0% (46 of 230) of tested drug‐naïve (baseline) samples yielded positive anti‐drug X antibody (ADA) results. When the same study was analyzed using the ECL assay, 1.1% of tested baselines (8 of 709) yielded positive results. Of the 46 positive baseline results tested in the ELISA, only 3 were still positive in the ECL assay using the MSD 6000 platform. The ECL assay proves to be superior to other RF removal methods like the melon gel reagent, explored in the ELISA, which removes non‐IgG proteins in serum through sample processing but may impact the detection of specific ADAs. Thus, the ECL assay effectively eliminates RF interference in immunoassays, without prior sample processing, yielding a truly specific and robust ADA detection assay.


This article reports on an interdisciplinary and collaborative educational module prepared for fourth‐year Psychology and Social Work students at two higher education institutions in the Western Cape, South Africa. The aim of the module was to provide students with the opportunity to experience learning across the boundaries of institution, discipline, language, race and class, and to provide the team with data to enhance understanding of how students grapple with issues of difference. The study was based on data obtained from student texts produced in response to the final reflective essay assignment. The texts provided valuable insights into how students, some of whom appeared to come into contact with peers from different socioeconomic backgrounds for the first time, grappled with themselves in relation to 'the other'. A theoretical framework based on the notion of a 'pedagogy of discomfort' and the complementary relationship of recognition and distribution, was used to explicate the data. The data revealed that there are cognitive as well as affective dimensions in learning about difference. It suggested that a pedagogical intervention can enhance what students learn about difference, but that this depends on various factors: pedagogical factors, and factors pertaining to the students' own prior experience and cultural capital. The analysis of the assignments suggested that power differentials and inequality in terms of material and cultural resources can limit the transformational character of such initiatives.


Introduction: Dialectic Appropriations 1. The Point of Hegel's Dissatisfaction with Kant, Joseph Margolis (Temple University, USA) 2. The Necessities of Hegel's Logics, David Kolb (Bates College, USA) 3. Vagueness and Meaning Variance in Hegel's Logic, Angelico Nuzzo (Graduate Center, CUNY, USA) 4. Hegel and Natural Language, John McCumber (UCLA, USA) 5. Hegel Non-Analytic Option, Terry Pinkard (Georgetown University, USA) 6. Unlikely Bedfellows?: Putnam and Hegel on Natural Kind Terms, Katharina Dulckeit (Butler University, USA) 7. Was Hegel Noneist, Allist or Someist?, Franca D'Agostini (Universita' di Parma, Italy) 8. Some Recent Analytic 'Realist' Readings of Hegel, Tom Rockmore (Duquesne University, USA) 9. Hegel, Russell and the Foundations of Philosophy, Kenneth R. Westphal (University of Kent, UK) Bibliography Index.


Background Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) has been established as an effective screening tool for providing interventions for patients with risky substance use. Objectives The objectives of this project were to train and coach staff nurses in the use of SBIRT, offer SBIRT to all admissions of a brief psychiatric inpatient unit, and decrease readmission rates. Design Using the Iowa Model for Implementing Evidence-Based Practices, SBIRT was implemented on the unit. Data were collected on the frequency of patients offered SBIRT and readmission rates. Results Fifty-nine percent of all admissions were offered SBIRT. The average readmission rates decreased by 18.3% for the first 2 months of implementation and by 67.5% for Days 16–31 postdischarge. Conclusions SBIRT is an effective tool for nurses on psychiatric units to address substance use and to decrease readmission rates.


ABSTRACT Covalent capillary coatings of diazoresin (DR) and rapamycin (RAPA) were prepared by a layer-by-layer self-assembly. DR worked as the coupling agent. Under ultraviolet light, the corsslinking was carried out by covalent bonds between DR and RAPA. The covalent capillary coatings could suppress protein adsorption. The baseline separation of lysozyme (Lys), cytochrome c (Cyt-c), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and myoglobin (Mb) could be achieved within 17 minutes by using capillary electrophoresis (CE). The covalent capillary coatings exhibited good chemical stability and repeatability. In the synthesis, highly toxic moisture-sensitive silane has been replaced by DR. The method provides an environmentally friendly way to prepare the covalent capillary coating.


Background: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein, Nef, is an attractive vaccine target because it is involved in viral pathogenesis, is expressed early in the viral life cycle and harbors many T and B cell epitopes. Several clinical trials include gene-based vaccines encoding this protein. However, Nef has been shown to transform certain cell types in vitro. Based on these findings we performed a long-term toxicity and immunogenicity study of Nef, encoded either by Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara or by plasmid DNA. BALB/c mice were primed twice with either DNA or MVA encoding Nef and received a homologous or heterologous boost ten months later. In the meantime, the Nef-specific immune responses were monitored and at the time of sacrifice an extensive toxicological evaluation was performed, where presence of tumors and other pathological changes were assessed.


MR. BURKITT has written an important and much-needed book. Based primarily on his own observations made during an archaeological tour of South Africa, it also embodies the results achieved by the extensive researches carried on in the last few years by an enthusiastic band of local workers. It thus provides a most useful survey of what is known at present about the prehistory of the country. The early chapters deal with questions of geology and chronology, and also contain a lengthy description of the various sites visited by Mr. Burkitt. The different stone cultures with their local industries are then passed in review, the types of tools characteristic of each being discussed in some detail. Later chapters are devoted to the rock paintings and engravings which are so widely spread all over South Africa. To the study of these Mr. Burkitt makes a most valuable contribution. He was able not only to establish a consistent series of superpositions, giving evidence of a definite chronological sequence in use of colour and technique, but also to determine three distinct regional areas of the art, each with a style and technique of its own. The paintings of the southern area are shown to be correlated with the Wilton stone industry, the paintings and engravings of the central area with the Upper Smithfield industry, both of which are of Bushmen origin. In the Southern Rhodesian area there are certain older paintings, of the ' dark claret' series, not found further south. These again are superimposed on a yet older series (much older, consequently, than the Bushman art) which Mr. Burkitt ascribes to the earliest Neoanthropic invaders of South Africa. It is to be regretted that Mr. Burkitt did not also have the opportunity of studying the paintings and engravings in South West Africa, which, judging from the little that is known of them, appear to differ somewhat from those in the areas visited by him.


International efforts to reduce CO2 emissions also include efficiency goals, associated for example with better strategies for energy production and consumption. This goal is presently being addressed in France through the installation of smart meters. The theory of social representations is here used as a theoretical background to understand how climate-related arguments – justifying wider changes at the policymaking level – and arguments advocating individual behavioural change are combined to convey meaning to the new electricity meters. This study focused on the qualitative content produced by groups of citizens from the two French communities where the new meters were first installed: Château-Renault (rural) and Lyon (urban). The three participating groups met each in three different occasions, between which they kept a diary where they registered concrete behaviour changes and barriers to behaviour change. Group sessions were tape-recorded and content analysed. The discussions and the material generated by the groups provided very concrete elements on how the participants tried to make sense of the meter device itself and the policy goals, in relation to their daily and social life. The exchanges between participants seemed to fit into three main dialogical pairs, or themata: collective vs. individual (daily life); private (my behaviour) vs. public spheres (others' behaviours); and consumption: individualist vs. collectivist. The collective elaboration throughout the group sessions reinforced the empowerment of the groups and led to considering more collectively oriented approaches in contrast to the prevailing individualistic lifestyles.


Four lactating buffalos with an average weight of 515 kg were randomly assigned to four experimental groups in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design experiment with repeated measures in time for 16 weeks (4 treatments and four experimental periods).Each group received one of the following four dietary treatments:1- Control ration(fed a basal diet of berseem clover and concentrates (60:40 DM basis), 2- flax group (fed the control diet +2% flaxseed oil),  3- soya group (fed the control diet +2% soybean oil) and 4- flax & soya group (fed the control diet +2% soybean oil plus flaxseed oil (1:1 v/v)). The results showed that the supplementation of buffaloes' diets with soybean, flaxseed oils or mix-oils had no negative effects on total dry matter intake. Concerning blood serum parameters, flax group had highest values of serum TP, albumin, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol (HDL, LDL), creatinine, and GOT, while soybean oil treated group recorded the highest values of serum cholesterol, AG ratio, (GPT) and urea-N followed by flax group then flax+soya group. The flax group recorded the highest values of daily milk yield (8.55 kg/h/d), F C M yield (12.71 kg/h/d) and fat content (7.24%), while soya oil treatment recorded the highest values of total solids (19.10%), solids not fat (12.04%), protein (4.91%), lactose (6.16%) and ash content (1%). Control group revealed the lowest values of total solids (17.73%), fat content (6.64%), solids not fat (11.09%), lactose (5.71%). Flaxseed group recorded the highest values of all milk constituents yield except total protein yield followed by soya group, then flax + soya group, while control group recorded the lowest values. Fatty acids in milk showed that C16:0 was higher in control diet than treated diets. Stearic acid (C18:0), C18:4, C20:0 and C20:1 revealed higher values with treated diets than control. At the same time, treatment with soya or mixture of soya and flax oil showed higher values for C18:2 than control or flax treated animals. It could be concluded that adding vegetable oils to buffaloes diet enhanced milk yield and fat content and C18:0, C18:4, C20:0 and C20:1, however, treatment with soya or mixture of soya and flax oil showed higher values for C18:2 than control or flax treated animals.


Geneva: World Health Organisation 1982 Technical Report Series, No 687 4. Blackburn H Research and demonstration projects in community cardiovascular disease prevention Journal of Public Health Policy 1983 4: 398-421. 5 Panton RS. Health education is there a role for the community pharmacist? Pharmaceutical Journal 1982 229. 582-585. 6. Howie G An evaluation of a retail pharmacists stop smoking campaign Health Education Journal 1985. 44. 144-145 7. Anon Pharmacists helping smokers quit programme Amer-


An apparatus for outputting image data capable of setting N-up function and a control method are provided to offer a customizing N-up function to a user by setting up a border and an edge and changing the attribute of a type and style thereof, when printing out multiple pages on the only one sheet. An apparatus for outputting image data(100) offers a function for printing out a plurality of pages on a single sheet. A GUI(Graphic User Interface) creation unit(162) creates a user interface for setting attributes of a border between multiple pages. A border creation unit(164) creates the border applied with the attributes. A driver control unit(166) converts the print data which is corresponded with the multiple pages and the border data, into a printer language. The attribute of a border comprises a border style which is selected one from group consisting of a line, a bit map and a character.


Preface to the second edition Acknowledgements I. Introduction: Rethinking the Unknown II. Population Structure III. Marriage and Nuptiality IV. Birth and Fertility V. Death and Mortality VI. Family and Household Size and Structure VII. The Problem of the South Slav Zadruga VIII. A Hypothesis of Converging Theories A Summary of Conclusions Appendices Notes References and Bibliography Index


I the late 1800s, the proliferation of the Colt 45 revolver eventually tamed the lawless American West by allowing even the weak and socially disenfranchised, who lacked the traditional instruments of power and influence, to assert their will and defend themselves against those endowed with land, position, and political status. The revolver thus earned itself the moniker "the Peacemaker," or more aptly "the Great Equalizer." But in today's world, where some may consider nuclear weapons to be a modern version of "the Great Equalizer," a nuclear "shoot-out" at the OK Corral could have devastating consequences on a global scale. Both the negative and positive aspects of the proliferation of nuclear weapons in an anarchic world are convincingly argued in the updated edition of The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, by Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz. Sagan is a professor in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University and a widely respected author of many publications on nuclear strategy and deterrence. Waltz, known to all serious students of international relations as the author of several seminal works on modern international relations theory, is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley. The first version of the book, published in 1995, comprised a debate between Waltz, the optimist, and Sagan, the pessimist, regarding the consequences of nuclear proliferation. In addition to the original material, this updated edition includes a timely and intriguing chapter extending the debate to the emerging nuclear relationship between India and Pakistan as well as some additional material on the impact of missile defenses. Waltz's claims are logical extensions of the dominant school of thought that emerged in the post-1945 world. He argues that nuclear weapons are "absolute" in their effects on world politics and that "the dangerousness of war


The paper deals with the task of non-linear programming representing a mathematical model of minimizing the value of irrevocable losses which result from taxes on buying or selling goods.


The effect of apholate on ovarian growth and oogenesis was investigated in a strain of Musca domestica L. selected with apholate bait for 35 generations. Ovaries of 5-day-old insecticide-resistant flies and apholate-resistant flies showed no significant difference in mean length and width when the flies were fed on 0.25% or 0.5% apholate. When insecticide-resistant flies were fed on 1.3% apholate bait, ovaries were underdeveloped, but apholate-resistant flies had ovaries not significantly different from those of untreated flies.

The mean number of ovarioles in the ovary of insecticide- resistant flies decreased with increasing concentrations of apholate but in apholate-resistant flies increased with increasing apholate resistance.

Differentiation of the 2nd egg chambers was delayed in 48-hour-old insecticide-resistant flies fed on 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1.3% apholate. The 2nd egg chambers and germaria in ovaries of some of these flies were fused together. The 3rd egg chambers were evident for the 1st time in ovaries of 96-hour-old flies. Ovarian growth in the apholate-resistant strain was normal. The 1st and 2nd egg chambers were present and distinctly separated from germaria in 48-hour-old flies of the apholate-resistant strain, and in untreated flies. The 3rd egg chambers were distinctly separated from germaria of 72-hour-old females and continued normal development as noted at 96 hours.


University of Tampere School of Management, responsible Business Author: INHA, MARIA Title: Stakeholder relationships in a non-profit network organization Master's Thesis: 80 pages, 4 appendix pages Date: June 2015


This surgical implement (1) is a surgical implement (1) that performs treatment on treatment target sites and is provided with: a long tubular member (2) with a moderately long shaft; a treatment unit (6) connected to the long member (2); and a connector (10) that detachably connects the long member (2) to the treatment unit (6). The connector (10) comprises a first rotation shaft (13) that is fixed to the long member (2) and can be connected to the treatment unit (6), and a locking unit (16) that locks the first rotation shaft (13) and the treatment unit (6).


In the previous report, the authors examined the potential of transfer of the skill of working a Ro-scull to traditional Indonesian outrigger canoe (hereinafter just called canoe). Since the "Ro-scull" has been primarily used in traditional Japanese Wasen boat, it is difficult to apply Ro-scull directly to canoe with the hull form different from that of Wasen. The authors intended to find from image analysis the way of working a Ro-scull of canoe in comparison with Wasen and the suitable way of working that. The authors also intended to search the impact of varied skill level to work a Ro-scull on the introduction of working a Ro-scull to canoe from the comparison among testees with different skill level. In consequence, the following became apparent: (1) the motion of working a Ro-scull of canoe is smaller than that of Wasen since a testee could not plant its feet firmly on a canoe floor because of narrower breadth than Wasen; and (2) as for the difference of skill level, there was no clear distinction by testee because of the narrow range in which the blade apex of Ro-scull moved.


Liquid crystals that differ from an ordinary liquid by the presence of a pseudoscalar quantity are considered. In this type of liquid·crystalline ph,ase, rotation of the plane of polarization (rotation, for brevity) occurs despite the fact that the substance consists of optically inactive molecules. The rotation can have either sign, and the interface between phases with different signs of the rotation possesses a definite surface tension and energy. A transition from one phase to the other occurs at this interface.


Tscyclam, forms complexes with Ni II of stoichiometry: Ni(Tscyclam)X 2 •2H 2 O (X=Cl, ClO 4 ). The crystal structure has been determined for the chloride complex salt, which indicates that the complex is better described by the formula [Ni(Tscyclam)(H 2 O) 2 ]Cl. The salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n


Firms exporting via foreign channel intermediaries, such as import agents or distributors, trade off a lack of control of the foreign channel for a low-risk market entry. Agency theory and transaction cost analysis suggest that a lack of control manifests itself in the foreign channel intermediary (FCI) having opportunities to behave in its own interests, rather than those of the exporter. Even so, management strategies that result in an alignment of the exporter's and FCI's goals are more likely to result in a perception of satisfaction in the relationship than if only one party's goals were met. Such management strategies should commence with an extensive precontractual screening step to find an intermediary whose goals are complementary to those of the exporter. After forming a trading relationship, an exporter can better coordinate the relationship by noncoercive monitoring of the exporter, and reduce the potential for opportunistic behavior and achieve a relationship that performs to the satisfaction to both parties. Greater monitoring is also likely to maintain a state of goal congruence between the parties. Conditions of environmental uncertainty may, however, create difficulties in precontractual screening by the exporter. A conceptual framework explaining the interaction between these variables has been presented, along with nine testable propositions and directions for future research.


Academics and policymakers recognize the absence of empirically grounded research to support the suppositions on which terrorist focused policies are based. (Sageman, Marc. 2014. "The Stagnation in Terrorism Research". Terrorism and Political Violence 26 (4): 565–80) We developed our project, Mapping Networks and Narratives of Online Right-Wing Extremists in New South Wales, (Department of Security Studies and Criminology. 2020. Mapping Networks and Narratives of Online Right-Wing Extremists in New South Wales. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4071472) to illuminate this space. Using the analysis of large-scale online data to generate evidence-based insights into online Right-Wing Extremism (RWE) across the state, our research focused on four key questions: (1) What is the nature of the online RWE environment in New South Wales, Australia (NSW)? (2) How is this movement distributed across NSW? (3) How are themes and narratives framed in different online contexts to mobilize support? (4) What level of risk does the online right-wing environment pose? These questions were left purposely broad to facilitate an exploratory project into what was, in 2018–2019, still a relatively little studied milieu. We combined expertise from computational science, security studies, and behavioral science. We were funded by the Department of Communities and Justice, NSW. We identified two distinct—yet connected—levels of risk. The first was a creeping threat to democracy fueled by networks and content that challenged the fundamental principles of pluralistic liberal democracy. The second was a risk of violence perpetrated by individuals and/or groups that advocate and/or support the use of violence as a tactic to achieve an ideological end. The communities we examined were primarily characterized by networks of individuals as opposed to formal groups. The role played by individual influencers has important ramifications for policy communities: attention should be paid to issues of proscription and moderation. While this milieu engaged with Australian issues and events, it was notably far more obsessed with American issues: particularly those focused on populist narratives and Trumpism. Despite being hateful and extreme, online RWE communities are, firstly, spaces of sociability for users, where social networks are maintained by shared values and norms. For those involved, these spaces engender positive experiences: individuals might share an image of their dinner cooking in their kitchen interspersed with "shitposting" and virulent hate speech. While we identified a variety of narratives that focused on the delegitimization of government and dehumanization of others, the central theme was that of "white identity under threat". We observed five distinct stages of moderation approach and echo chamber strength. A series of issues for future consideration were identified from the analysis: (1) Awareness raising for key stakeholders across different levels of government and civil society about the revolutionary and anti-social agenda of RWE communities. (2) Building awareness about the civic underpinnings of representative liberal democracy and the threat that RWE poses. (3) Expanding current Countering Violent Extremism infrastructure provided by the NSW government to individuals and communities vulnerable to right wing extremism. (4) The local government is well positioned to deliver programs in rural communities impacted by RWE. (5) Upskilling front-line workers to recognize the risks associated with RWE, and providing pathways into CVE intervention programs for individuals identified as being at-risk.


This study compared the behavioral adjustment of girls from families headed by single mothers and lesbian couples with their peers from married heterosexual households. The sample included 93 Chinese girls adopted by the three types of families (31 girls in each type of family). The girls in the three types of families were matched on age at adoption, age at assessment, and number of adoptive siblings. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to measure their behavior adjustment (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and overall behavioral problems). General linear modeling revealed that children from the three types of families were not statistically different in behavioral adjustment except in the preschool-aged group's internalizing problems and the school-aged group's externalizing problems, wherein children in single-mother households scored lower than their peers from lesbian-couple households. Psychological and social-political implications are discussed.


V-BLAST is an effective detection method for MIMO OFDM systems, but has a large computational complexity. Based on the property that the matrices of the neighboring subcarrier channels are close enough in value, this paper proposes a simplified V-BLAST method. In the method, the conventional V-BLAST detections are first made for some subcarrier channels and their pseudoinverses are subsequently used to compute the approximate pseudoinverses of their neighboring channels. Consequently, the computational complexity of the V-BLAST detection in MIMO OFDM system is significantly reduced. Simulation results of the performance comparison between the simplified and the conventional V-BLAST detections show that with a significantly reduced computational time, the simplified method can achieve very close performance to the conventional one.


Abstract Studies related to neurological diseases are of great importance in Veterinary Medicine, particularly those involving production animals, such as cattle, due to their wide sanitary and public health significance. Therefore, the current study aims to describe the frequency of occurrence of the main clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings of cattle diagnosed with neurological diseases of viral origin. Screening was performed in the general register of patients diagnosed through anatomopathological and/or complementary examination with illnesses of viral origin, admitted (live or dead) to the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns-UFRPE from January 2009 to December 2019. The information recovered was entered in a database created in the computer program Microsoft Excel 2010®, distributed into clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological data. The clinical findings on neurological diseases of viral etiology were very varied and non-specific, and the anatomopathological findings, together with laboratory methods, were of fundamental importance for the establishment of the diagnosis. The high frequency of rabies cases in this study demonstrates the importance of this disease for cattle rearing, as well as for Public Health. We emphasize the importance of including malignant catarrhal fever and herpes meningoencephalitis in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases in the region, as well as the adoption of sanitary measures.


Received: 26/Sep/2006, Accepted: 22/May/2007 Objective: Reporter gene transfer to mammalian cells receives a great deal of attention due to its importance for molecular biology, embryology and developmental biology studies. Among DNA transfer technologies to eukaryotic cells, lipofection is known as the most widely used because of its easy handling procedure, low cell mortality and the natural pathway it undertakes. Materials and Methods: In this study we have examined the transfectability of two cell types: CHO and Vero cells via Lipofection in four different treatments, with combination of exposure duration, 3 and 6 hrs, and different plasmid DNA concentration, 0.5 and 1μgs. A fusion protein expression vector, pUcD2. PTS2EGFP was used to direct the EGFP protein to peroxisomes after expression of related cDNA. An SPSS analysis was preformed after counting the positive cells. Results: optimum gene expression was found when using 1 μg DNA treated for three hrs for CHO cells, and 1 μg DNA treated for six hrs for Vero cells. Conclusion: The result suggests that CHO lipofection efficiency is significantly increased by both the DNA concentration and exposure time increment; however, an increase in exposure time has less significant effect on low DNA concentration conditions. The same results have been observed for Vero cells. Optimum expression was obtained with highest DNA concentration.


THIS BOOK consists of four papers (or monographs) representing the written record of a symposium held at the University of Texas at Austin, April 13-15, 1967, on the topic "Universals in Linguistic Theory." The monographs do not constitute a verbatim record of the symposium but are, rather, polished versions of the original papers "as soon as the speakers had a chance to rework them and incorporate any reflexes of the [symposium] discussion judged to be appropriate ..." (v). The monographs get under way after an editorial preface (v-viii): Charles J. Fillmore's "The Case for Case" (1-88), Emmon Bach's "Nouns and Noun Phrases" (91-122), James D. McCawley's "The Role of Semantics in a Grammar" (125-169), and Paul Kiparsky's "Linguistic Universals and Linguistic Change" (171-202). The book closes with a bibliography of works cited throughout (205-210), but unfortunately without a topical index. This latter infelicity is slightly aggravated by the editors' failure to indicate in the table of contents (ix) the topical breakdowns within those monographs (Fillmore's and Kiparsky's) which contain such subdivisions. Aside from this, the book is handily organized and well edited: the only typographical errors that came to my attention are an " N " instead of " M " dominating "Pres" on a tree (49) and a missing opening parenthesis before "derived" on the last line of p. 197. Considerations of space prevent me in the following from going into as much detail as any of these excellent studies deserves. I have felt it a pleasant obligation, however, to bias the detail of my discussion in favour of Paul Kiparsky's monograph, with which my own current work evidences a great deal of consonance and, in some points, actual convergence. Fillmore's "The Case for Case" constitutes the groundwork for an explication of case as a universally valid (and perhaps closed) set of deep-structural NP-to-VP relations which make themselves manifest surface-structurally in various ways in various languages, perhaps in accordance with a restricted number of typologies. Thus English My heart aches and German


We examined the relationship between serum 25hydroxyvitaminD(25[OH]D) and all-cause mortality. We searched biomedical databases for articles that assessed 2 or more categories of 25(OH)D from January 1, 1966, to January 15, 2013. We identified 32 studies and pooledthedata. The hazard ratio for allcause mortality comparing the lowest (0‐9 nanograms per milliliter [ng/mL]) to the highest (>30 ng/mL) category of 25(OH)D was 1.9 (95% confidence interval= 1.6, 2.2; P<.001). Serum 25 (OH)D concentrations less than or equal to 30 ng/mL were associated with higher all-causemortality thanconcentrations greater than 30 ng/mL(P<.01). Our findings agree with a National Academy of Sciences report, except the cutoff point for all-cause mortality reduction in this analysis was greater than 30 ng/mL rather than greater than 20 ng/mL. (Am J Public Health. 2014;104:e43‐e50. doi:10.


The article describes a method of developing an automated system for creating summaries that meet state standard specification requirements and facilitate their subsequent translation into a foreign language. The approach is a combination of empirical and rational NLP techniques. It is illustrated by an interactive system for generating summaries of research papers on mathematical modeling. The output of the system is summaries in Russian and a list of Russian-English equivalents of the lexical units used in the summary.


This contribution discusses the notion of knowledge organization system (KOS), introducing both its broad and narrow meanings. It focuses more in-depth on KOSs as semantic tools, by critically analyzing a number of KOS typologies that have been proposed so far. Theoretical and practical issues are investigated too, focusing on the importance of epistemology and theory of concepts for KOS development. Besides, some remarks are made on how new trends in information organization (e.g., towards an increase of formalization and the employment of data-driven means) could affect the design of future KOSs, pondering whether "interpretation" and context-based evaluations still have a role to play in such an undertaking. A theoretical coda is finally provided, which scrutinizes the notion of "classificatory perspectivism," and whether pluralism in KO research could take a (pragmatically based) integrative fashion. Received: 24 July 2017; Accepted: 27 July 2017


The scholarly study of secular spirituality, secular divinity and interactions between the spiritual and secular are enduring traditions in many fields, including philosophy, anthropology, history, social anthropology and theology. In social theory, studies draw on foundational works of scholars such as Feuerbach, Marx, Durkheim, Freud and Weber to name a few. For example, Weber argued systematising activities of priests was a primary force behind producing the rationalisation of religion and subsequent forms of social control and engineering. Institutionalised religion enabled the establishment of coherent systems of meaning separate from supposedly irregular magical forms of interpretation, thus propitiating a form of social cohesion through higher level clarification. Although different religions and belief systems could still emerge organically, eventually and inevitably, institutional growth, development, and politicisation would require and lead to increased rationalisation and irresistible bureaucratisation (Kellner, 1985).


In General Theory of the Precariat: Great Recession, Revolution, Reaction, Alex Foti aims to bridge a gap in current literature on precarity by integrating the historical emergence, political role and demands of social movements and the precariat into economic theory. While this concise book does not yet offer the 'general theory' of its title, it is a brilliant analysis of the composition of the precariat that will be a must-read for anyone interested in social movement studies, radical democracy and Marxian class theory, writes Alessio Kolioulis.


In 2009, Series 3 of the youth-focused British TV drama Skins won widespread praise from fans and critics for its handling of the coming out story of two teenage girls, Emily and Naomi – known in both fan and official discourse alike as 'Naomily'. However, despite, the Skins' productions team's commitment to dialogue with their youth audience – deemed central to maintaining 'brand values' of authenticity and marked by the use of young scriptwriters, by attempts to draw on input from Naomily fans via interactive and collaborative opportunities, and by intertextual plays on the Naomily fan text aesthetic – fan reactions to the recently aired Series 4 have been mixed, leading to heated debate on discussion boards, ('You've ruined it') and resistant responses in fan texts. Focusing on genre as a contested site in representations of sexuality and desire in contemporary read/write youth culture and on the generative and dialogical potential of intersections (including collaboration and contestation) between authorized producers and fan creators, as well as the problematic power relations that underpin it, this paper critically applies Derek Johnson's recent concept of 'fan-tagonism' to explore the creative tensions between the Skins writing team and Naomily fans.


This article discusses the development of a butane isomerization unit which will help reduce butane surplus by fractionating it into other LPG products. Other features of this California project increase on-site storage.


A study of the United States Bureau of Mines newly developed electrooxidation process for the recovery of mercury from cinnabar ores was performed. The investiga tion included testing of both synthetic and naturally occurring cinnabar ores. A preliminary mechanism for the dissolution reaction has been developed. Generation of hypochlorite was found to be the rate controlling step in the dissolution sequence for synthetic ores. The study showed that essentially all of the cinnabar is reacted under normal test conditions and that an opti mum of from 50-70% of the mercury contained in the ore as cinnabar in present in the aqueous phase at any given time. The remainder is present on the cathode or in the cell residue as elemental mercury. The chemical effects of the addition of pyrite and sulfur to synthetic ore samples were also studied. The addition of these oxidizable impurities to unbuffered ores was found to adversely affect electrooxidation results.


In the last 20 years general practice obstetrics has retreated from a position where we were central to pre-pregnancy counselling, diagnosis of pregnancy, antenatal care, and in many cases intrapartum and postpartum management, to being almost completely separated from any woman who contemplates or embarks on …


Steel-industry slag, a co-product of iron and steel production, is produced and sold for use in a wide range of applications. A comprehensive study of the potential human health risks associated with the environmental applications (e.g., fill, roadbase, landscaping) of iron- and steel-making slag was performed using characterization data for 73 samples of slag collected from blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, and electric arc furnaces. Characterization data were compared to regulatory health-based "screening" benchmarks to determine constituents of interest. Antimony, beryllium, cadmium, trivalent and hexavalent chromium, manganese, thallium, and vanadium were measured above screening levels and were assessed in an application-specific exposure assessment using standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment methods. A stochastic analysis was conducted to evaluate the variability and uncertainty in the inhalation exposure and risk estimates, and the oral bioaccessibility of certain metals in the slag was quantified. The risk assessment found no significant hazards to human health as a result of the environmental applications of steel-industry slag. However, site-specific ecological risk assessment may be required for slag applications in and around small water bodies with limited dilution volume, because high pH and aluminum were found to leach at levels that may be harmful to aquatic life


Information commons is a new type of library information service models.This article has briefly outlined the basic concepts of information commons,and has cleared the necessities of university library to build information commons.It has also made a few proposals of university library to build information commons on the aspects of space construction、 resource construction and service construction.


In this report, Gutierrez argues that the interest abatement provisions are applicable to all cases presenting equitable grounds for abatement. Congress has liberalized the rules since the Tax Reform Act of 1976 first gave the IRS limited authority to abate interest, but many situations exist that fall outside the six statutory provisions requiring or allowing the IRS to abate interest. Forty-four Tax Court cases have tested the government's interpretation of the section 6404 interest abatement rules since the 1986 Taxpayer Bill of Rights II. While Gutierrez thinks the court has generally been fair in its interpretation of the statute, many situations that merit interest abatement are outside the provisions of the statute. In the interest of fairness and equity, concludes Gutierrez, Congress needs to revisit and liberalize the interest abatement provisions of section 6404.


The two-layer square lattice quantum antiferromagnet with spins 1/2 shows a magnetic order-disorder transition at a critical ratio of the interplane to intraplane couplings. We investigate the dynamics of a single hole in a bilayer antiferromagnet described by a t-J Hamiltonian. To model the spin background we propose a ground-state wave function for the undoped system which covers both magnetic phases and includes transverse as well as longitudinal spin fluctuations. The photoemission spectrum is calculated using the spin-polaron picture for the whole range of the ratio of the magnetic couplings. This allows for the study of the hole dynamics of both sides of the magnetic order-disorder transition. For small interplane coupling we find a quasiparticle with properties known from the single-layer antiferromagnet, e.g., the dispersion minimum is at (pi/2,pi/2). For large interplane coupling the hole dispersion is similar to that of a free fermion (with reduced bandwidth). The cross-over between these two scenarios occurs inside the antiferromagnetic phase which indicates that the hole dynamics is governed by the local environment of the hole.


We study the ergodic theory of stationary directed nearest neighbor polymer models on $\mathbb Z^2$, with i.i.d. weights. Such models are equivalent to specifying a stationary distribution on the space of weights and cocycles that satisfy certain consistency conditions. We show that for prescribed weight distribution and cocycle mean vector, there is at most one such distribution which is ergodic under the $e_1$ or $e_2$ shift. Further, if the weights have more than two moments and the cocycle mean vector is an extreme point of the superdifferential of the limiting free energy, then the cocycle distribution is ergodic under each of the $e_1$ and $e_2$ shifts.


ABSTRACT The glycine cleavage (GCV) system catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of glycine into CO2, NH4+, and a methylene group, which is accepted by tetrahydrofolate (THF) to form N5,N10-methylene-THF. Streptomyces griseus contains gcvP and the gcvT-gcvH operon, which encode three intrinsic components of the GCV system. We identified the transcriptional start sites of gcvTH and gcvP and found putative glycine riboswitches in their 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs). The ratios of the transcripts of the gcvT and gcvP coding sequences (CDSs) to those of the respective 5′ UTRs were significantly higher in the presence of glycine in the wild-type strain. However, the levels of gcvT and gcvP CDS transcripts were not increased by glycine in the respective 5′ UTR deletion mutants. A reporter gene assay showed that a transcriptional terminator exists in the 5′ UTR of gcvTH. Furthermore, by an in-line probing assay, we confirmed that glycine bound directly to the putative riboswitch RNAs. These results indicate that the S. griseus glycine riboswitches enhance transcriptional read-through to the downstream CDSs, like known glycine riboswitches in other bacteria. We examined the growth of three mutants in which either or both of the gcvTH and gcvP 5′ UTRs were deleted. Like the wild-type strain, all mutants grew vigorously in a medium containing 0.9% glucose as a carbon source. However, the mutants showed severely restricted growth in a medium containing 0.9% glucose and 1% glycine, while the wild-type strain grew normally. This indicates that glycine has a growth-inhibitory effect and that the GCV system plays a critical role in glycine detoxification in S. griseus.


The zoea] development of the porcellanid crab IVbvorostrum indicum is described and illustrated from laboratory-reared material. this species appear to support the establishment of AJbvorostruin. Further-more, a closer affinity of this genus with Petroltsthes ornatus, P, joponicus, and P. etongatus than with other species of Petrolisthes for which the larval morphology is known, and also the exelusion of P, ornatus frem IVbvorostrum, are supported,


— Food adulteration is an expanding matter because of multilevel food supply networks together with tampering of information on the merchandise product packaging. Within the current technique, the meals bundles don't include the appropriate specifics as meals compounds, manufacturing date, supplier details, along with expiry day. Thus, the end-user or maybe the buyer doesn't have some understanding of that particular item's origins. So as to stop this particular, as well as a computer, monitor the quality of the meal together with a rise inside the transparency of administered information, this particular food resource chain control device is suggested to develop a tamper-proof electronic data source of the meals bundles in every amount. Thus, that suggested method presents the idea of Blockchain engineering, placing ahead the use of Blockchain technologies containing info protection on the food supply chain as well as evaluating it together with the conventional source chain program using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). We have achieved the accuracy level on comparing with existing system.


This paper proposes Black-Scholes closed-form approximations for a correct spot price to estimate prices of European call and put options in the Heston and multi-factor Heston stochastic volatility models. These approximations are inspired by the Romano and Touzi (1997) formula and are obtained by a perturbation solution to the Riccati equations which define the probability density function of the log-price process as the volatility of volatility (vol of vol for short) goes to zero. This approach, which can be extended to affine jump models, shows that the accuracy of these Black-Scholes formulas depends on how fast the Airy function for a specific argument depending on vol of vol converges to the Dirac delta function when the vol of vol goes to zero. Simulations and empirical studies show that performance of these formulas is twofold. They outperform the Heston and multi-factor Heston option pricing formula in terms of computational time while satisfactorily approximating the model option prices so they can be used to develop fast and efficient procedures to estimate the model parameters. Finally, this perturbation approach provides an alternative way to approximate the implied volatility for small values of the vol of vol for models in the larger affine class.


We propose that the pervasive redshift observed in transition region spectral lines is caused by downward propagating acoustic waves. The waves are assumed to be generated in the corona as a result of nanoflares or some other form of episodic heating. The dynamic response of a coronal loop to energy released as heat near the loop apex is studied by solving the hydrodynamic equations numerically, consistently including the effects of nonequilibrium ionization on the radiative losses and on the internal energy.


The operation and accuracy of portable optical measurement equipment for determining the solar absorptance, αs , and emittance, e, of solar selective surfaces are presented. The optical equipment includes a Gier Dunkle Solar Reflectometer (Model MS-251) and a Willey Alpha Meter (Model 2150) for αs measurements and a Gier Dunkle Infrared Reflectometer (Model DB-100) and a Willey Ambient Emissometer (Model 2158) for e measurements. The accuracy of the MS-251 for measurements of αs for electrodeposited black chrome coatings was determined to be better than ±0.03 absorptance units. For the same coatings, the Willey Alpha Meter accuracy was limited by deviations up to 0.11 absorptance units. The accuracy of the Gier Dunkle Infrared Reflectometer for e(100°C) measurements is better than ±0.02 emittance units. Values for e(100°C) determined with the Willey Emissometer using black chrome coatings are higher than the actual 100°C emittance. However, since the relationship is linear, the correct emittance can be calculated by multiplication by a constant factor.


We present the updated Pisa evolutionary database (available at the link: http://astro.df.unipi.it/stellar-models) which includes tracks and isochrones for evolutionary phases from the Pre-Main Sequence to the Asympthotic Giant Branch. Models are calculated by adopting a well-tested evolutionary code (FRANEC) implemented with updated physical and chemical inputs. Calculations for all the evolutionary phases have been computed for a grid of 216 chemical compositions with the fractional metal abundance in mass, Z, ranging from 0.0001 to 0.01, and the original helium content, Y, from 0.25 to 0.42 while PMS models includes metallicities up to Z=0.03. Models were computed for both solarscaled and α-enhanced abundances with different external convection efficiencies.


Dynamic mechanical analysis was employed to evaluate the performance of various natural fibers in high-density polyethylene composites. Kenaf, newsprint, rice hulls, and wood flour were sources of fiber. Composites were made at 25 percent and 50 percent by weight fiber contents. Maleic anhydride modified polyethylene was also added at 1:25 ratio to the fiber. Temperature scans in the range of -110° to +100°C were performed, and storage modulus, loss modulus, and mechanical loss factor (tan 6) were recorded over the selected temperature range. Different transitions were monitored, and the effects of natural fibers on location and intensity of such transitions were investigated. The b transition was hard to detect, whereas the a transiTajvidi: PhD Candidate, College of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran Falk and Hermanson: Research Engineers, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Technical Manager, Teel Global Resources, Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA Felton: tion was shifted to higher temperatures when fibers were present. The results also indicated that b transition is not a major transition in such composites, whereas tan d curves of the composites tended to deviate from the pure plastic curve at temperatures above a transition temperature.


This paper describes, 1. the development of controlled cooling technology during rolling to meet customers' requirements of energy-saving and cost-reduction, 2. Daido's "TEKISUN" system, revolutionary in comparison with the steel-industry's conventional production-system of once a month rolling system for each standard size to meet the increased customers' requirements of a wide variety of grades and sizes, small-lots, strict size-tolerance and short-term-delivery, 3. rolling technology to produce high-quality small-cross-sectional shaped bar with high efficiency, 4. technology progress in high-speed block mill for high-quality steel, 5. forging-technology-establishment for sophisticated materials such as titanium-alloys and super-alloys by the GFM precision forging machine, 6. automated and unmanned hot former lines.


Objective Exploring a new method to complete hemoperfusion using dual-tank(perfusion apparatus) in series and parallel with Braun Diapact continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) machine.Methods In the model of plasma perfusion,upgraded the pipeline of plasma perfusion for Diapact CRRT machine.Hemoperfusion of dual-tank in series or parallel was completed through adding a series pipeline or two parallel pipelines.Results Through adjusting the parameters during hemoperfusion,hemoperfusion of dual-tank in series and parallel model runned normally without any failure.Conclusion In clinical practice,it's simple,convenient and feasible to complete hemoperfusion using dual-tank in series and parallel with Braun Diapact CRRT machine.


Transient hot probe methods are widely used for the measurement of thermal properties in semi-infinite media. In this article, the three-dimensional temperature impulse response of a rectangular probe is analyzed using an analytical solution based on the Green's functions, such that two characteristic times relative to the asymptotic behaviors of the probe can be calculated. A strategy for the estimation of two uncorrelated properties is deduced from this approach. The identification technique, based on a fractional model approach, is optimized by applying a random input heat flux to the probe. This kind of random heating is shown to provide a frequency content in the range where both the thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity are uncorrelated. Some experimental results obtained with samples with well-known thermal properties are used to validate the proposed method.


The "lift the field\" measurement can solve effectively the contradiction which is between the water resources development and population and land.It can also lower the investment of submerged treatment in reservoir area.The living example revealed this measurement has a wide prospect.


The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for indicating the type of a participating service provider identity (PSP-ID). The method comprises: an access device generates a system message, the system message comprising multiple PSP-IDs, PSP-IDs of the same type among the multiple PSP-IDs being sequentially arranged, and PSP-IDs of different types being arranged according to a preset order, the system message also comprising indication information of the PSP-IDs of each type, and the indication information being used for indicating the locations of the PSP-IDs of each type; and the access device sends the system message.


Human detection is a keyproblem in computer vision. Recently, some research has been focusing on the detection ofpedestrianusing infrared images. The infrared images have outstanding merit. It depends only on object's temperature, but not on color or texture. In this paper, the pedestrian crowd detection approach is proposed. The approach is compose of ROI blocks extraction and crowd block recognition. ROI blocks can be extracted with circle gradient operator and weighted geometric filtering. Crowd blocks are recognized by support vector machine, which combines histogram of oriented gradient and circle gradient. The experimental results show thatthe approach works effectively in different scenes.


This study aims to describe the learning process of science and improve communication skills through the model inside the outside circle. The method of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a research design using the Kemmis and Mc Taggart models conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning actions, implementing actions, observing actions and reflecting actions. The subjects of this study were 38 students in grade 4A at SDN Cimanggah 1, Sukabumi City, consisting of 19 male students and 19 female students. This research was conducted from April 25 to May 25, 2019. Data collection techniques were carried out by interview, observation, questionnaire, and documentation. Data collection instruments were carried out with interview guidelines, teacher and student observation sheets, communication skills questionnaire sheets, and documentary evidence. The data analysis technique was done by using descriptive quantitative technique. The results of observations of teacher performance in the first cycle obtained an average value of 78% and in the second cycle obtained an average value of 90% and from cycle I to cycle II increased by 12%. While the results of observation of student activities in the first cycle obtained an average value of 59% and in the second cycle obtained an average value of a percentage of 88% and from the first cycle to the second cycle increased by 29%. The results of the pre cycle research of communication skills gained 16% completeness. Then increased in the first cycle to reach 26% completeness. In the second cycle, it continues to reach 84% completeness. The conclusion of this study shows that communication skills in grade 4A increase through the application of the Inside Outside Circle model.


Objective: To observe the characteristics of dynamic changes of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its relationship with cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and to explore the pathogenesis of CVS. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with SAH diagnozed by clinical and accessory examinations were selected. The LPA levels in CSF were measured at 24 hours, day 7, 14, and 28 respectively after the onset of symptoms, and they were compared with a control group. The correlation between LPA levels and CVS on the time course was also observed at the same time. Results: Of the 67 patients with SAH, a total of 29 patients (43.3%) occurred CVS, the average time of occurrence was 6.6 days. There was no significant difference between the LPA levels in CSF in patients with SAH and the control group at 24 hours after the onset of symptoms; they were significantly higher than the control group at day 7 (P 〈0. 001); they were significantly higher than the control group at day 14 (P 〈0. 001), but they were significantly lower than those at day 7 (P 〈 0.01 ); they decreased to baseline at day 28, and there was significant difference compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between the LPA levels in the CVS group and those in the non-CVS group at 24 hours, they were significantly higher than those in the non-CVS group at day 7 (P〈0.001 ), they were still significantly higher than those in the non-CVS group at day 14 (P〈0.01 ); and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at day 28. Conclusions: The LPA levels in CSF in patients with SAH increased significantly from day 7 to day 14 after the onset of symptoms, and they had obvious association with CVS on the time course, The detection of the LPA levels in CSF may have important significance in predicting the occurrence of CVS.

Key words:
subarachnoid hemorrhage;  cerebral vasospasm;  lysophosphatidic acid


Introduction: VO2 kinetics during post-exercise recovery has been widely studied in healthy individuals but is less studied in COPD, especially during resistance exercises. Method: We analyzed recovery periods during low load/high repetition resistance exercises (LLHR-RT) in people with COPD (n=20, FEV1 38% pred) and age- and sex-matched controls (n=15). Biceps curls and leg extensions were performed until failure in three sets with 60 seconds of rest between sets. VO2 (L/min) was collected breath by breath by a portable gas analysis system. A nonlinear regression model [VO2 = c*(Time + 1)(Θ + k) * exp(-Θ*Time)] was fitted to the data where c is the estimated value of VO2 at the end of the sets, ĸ describes the shape of the recuperation curve, and Θ is a scale parameter giving information on the recovery speed. Results: During biceps curls, VO2 at the end of the sets (c), the shape of the recuperation curve (k) as well as the VO2 at the end of recovery (Θ) was different between COPD and controls, all p Fig 1A). During leg extensions, the same pattern was seen, however, without statistically significant differences (Fig 1C). Conclusion: From a clinical perspective, these data suggest that current recommendations (1min of rest between sets) during LLHR-RT might be insufficient in COPD to enable full VO2 recovery, thus, potentially limiting exercise capacity in the next set/exercise.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the suitability of use of solid waste in the construction of earth dam. The main objective of the present paper is to investigate the benefits of use of tire bales as substitute material in the construction of embankment earth dam to minimise the required quantities of fill materials, and to assist in mitigating the waste problems in Lebanon. Two theoretical cases of the design were analysed and compared. The first design case was performed with a section of only clay and the second design case was computed considering a mixed section of clay and tire bales. In both cases, we performed a slope stability check, a seepage analysis, a settlement study, and a seismic check in addition to providing protection against overflow and erosion. The results of the theoretical analysis show that the use of tire bales in the construction of dam's embankment improved the stability of the dam. The paper ends with assessing the benefits of tire bales in the construction of earth dams and slopes.


Global opportunities for students to engage in teaching and learning have the potential to have a great impact on their learning and development as a teacher. However, little information is available about how global field experiences impact student understanding due to substantial challenges in collecting and analyzing authentic student growth as a direct result of engaging in global field experiences. Due to the consistent growth demonstrated by all members of the study, and the key statistical significant differences between the pre-experience and post-experience groups, as well as within the pre-experience and post-experience groups, it is likely that the global field experience participated in by all students had a positive impact on students' growth and understanding of effective teaching. Of course additional study is needed. However, it appears that global field experiences have the potential to impact student growth and learning in an important manner.


We have developed a nanoscale thermometer made of a combination of inorganic and polymeric materials, that are used to build highly ordered nanoscale superstructures. These are about 30nm in diameter, respond to temperature differences of 20 to 60C, and can measure localized temperatures in volumes only 200nm across. Localized thermal control is an important factor for circuitry fabricated using advanced lithographic techniques, because thermal and electronic stability are closely linked. Together with biological indicators, these devices can be used to treat certain diseases that require more precise diagnostics, such as in anti-cancer thermotherapies and genetic analysis. They are also useful in the optimization of nano/microfluidic devices and in the thermodynamic design of electronics. However, there is no suitable technique that measures localized temperatures submicron scales. Recently developed nanotech sensing devices— such as nanohybrids of bioconjugates, hybrid nanocolloids, and their lattices—are limited because the way they respond to certain external parameters, such as temperature, is not properly controlled. This is because most current nanostructures are not flexible when they take the form of superstructures. To overcome this limitation, soft materials must be combined with polymers to create dynamic nanomaterial superstructures that adapt gradually. Such systems can also find technological application as novel optical devices. Nanoscale thermometers are composed of a 20nm gold nanoparticle core with polymeric coils joined to its surface. This polymer, poly(ethyleneglycol) or PEG, has two different end functional groups—t-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS)—that attach to different nanoparticles. The CdTe semiconductor nanoparticles that photoluminesce are then covalently linked to the end of each polymer (see Figure 1). These polymers keep the distance between Figure 1. (Left) Suggested schematic of nanohybrid superstructures. (Right) Photoluminescent intensity variation of PEG-tethered Au and CdTe nanoparticles with temperature: a) temperature, b) photoluminescent intensity, and c) calculated photon-field enhancement factor of CdTe nanoparticles as a function of time.


The cellular and subcellular organization of thyroid follicular cells in peripubertal (6‐month‐old) male pigs treated with estradiol‐dipropionate (Oe) plus progesterone (Pr) in combination on the first postnatal day was studied. A stereological method was used for morphometric determinations of the relative volume densities of the follicular epithelium, colloid and interstitium, and for establishing the epithelial height and index of activation rate. Statisticaly significant differences of the examined parameters between the control and Oe+Pr‐treated groups were determined by Student's t‐test. The subcellular organization of thyroid follicular cells was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When compared with the control group, in the Oe+Pr‐treated pigs, thyroid follicles possessed a noticeably higher follicular epithelium when compared with the control animals. The observed changes were quantified and comparison between the experimental groups showed that the height, volume density of follicular epithelium, and index of activation rate were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, whereas the relative volume density of the colloid was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. At the subcellular level the thyroid follicular cells of Oe+Pr‐treated pigs were characterized by increased number of polysomes and dense bodies and extensive endoplasmatic reticulum. It was concluded that a single neonatal treatment with female gonadal steroids exerted a prolonged effect on the pig's thyroid, characterized by increased biosynthesis and reabsorption of the colloid by the follicular cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Research on ecological total-factor energy efficiency (ETFEE) is conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction, and ecological protection. This paper focuses on the measurement and decomposition of the ETFEE in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China. In order to measure the ETFEE values, the window technology is combined with a nonradial and nonoriented SBM-undesirable model considering undesirable outputs to overcome the defect of insufficient data of research objects and ensure the calculation process to be implemented. The findings show that Beijing and Tianjin are DEA-efficient, while Hebei is not. The technological progress rates of Beijing and Tianjin reach up to 11.92% and 14.96%, while that of Hebei retrogresses by 4.47%. The scale efficiencies of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are 97.75%, 86.60%, and 93.81%, respectively, which means that there are potentials for further optimization in the energy structures. The impulse response results between the energy structure and the ETFEE show that the proportions of coal and petroleum have negative effects on the ETFEE, while that of natural gas has a positive effect. The research results can provide reference for decision makers to formulate regional development plans.


What is the right way to make an electronic voting system? After the Florida debacle, Caltech and MIT formed a project to look at the problem. Their most important conclusions were the need to have a physically readable and auditable record of the vote, countable independently of the machine that presents the choices and records the votes. This echoes Rebecca Mercuri's 2000 University of Pennsylvania dissertation, in which she argued for a voter-checkable paper record of the vote that could be preserved for audit.


The article examines the financial behavior of Russian customers of Sberbank of Russia. As an information base of the study, we use aggregated open data on the behavior of the Bank's customers in all regions of Russia.The author characterizes the key trends of financial behavior of Russians, pointing to the growth of the tendency to saving.The article describes two models of financial behavior of the Bank's customers. In the first, citizens are focused on the widespread use of credit funds, regardless of their own income. The second involves a more rational attitude to finance and is determined by the size of the average wage. The article concludes about the low financial literacy of Russians, which is manifested in the use of such inefficient financial instruments as bank deposit for savings and investments. The author points out that only a small part of Russians have formulated a financial strategy, a comprehensive plan of personal investments using a wide range of tools such as individual investment account, mutual funds, stock and bond markets.At the end of the article, some aspects of regional specifics of financial behavior are considered. Subjects of the Russian Federation are analyzed through the prism of the volume of bank deposits, expenses on plastic bank cards, the volume and number of mortgage and consumer loans.


Diiodomethane is used to generate C1 fragments at surfaces, en route to higher hydrocarbons. Here scanning tunneling microscopy was employed to examine the interaction of diiodomethane, CH2I2, with a Cu(110) surface, from 4.6 to 8.8 K. In this temperature range unexpectedly rapid thermal reaction resulted in the rupture of two C–I bonds, yielding pairs of I atoms recoiling in opposite directions. Approximately 65% of the carbene, CH2, product from this highly exothermic (4.1 eV) thermal reaction remained chemisorbed. Two stable physisorbed configurations of diiodomethane were found, "vertical" (75%) and "horizontal" (25%). Electron-induced reaction of these intact adsorbates led to single-electron dissociation of both the C–I bonds, with a minor path leading to single bond breaking to form CH2I. Directed recoil of chemisorbed carbene was observed in approximately half the electron-induced reactive events. Simulation of the electron-induced reaction by the impulsive two-state (I2S) model consistently predi...


The B series hardfacing electrode with the properties of wear-resistance and crack-resistance were designed by orthogonal test. The microstructure of hardfacing was analyzed by the experiments of hardness, metallurgical microstructure, crack-resistance and wear-resistance. The results show that the hardfacing metal has high resistance to crack and crack do not occur even under conditions of non-preheating and non-postheating. The hardfacing metal has high wear-resistance, and its relative wearability is better than that of D667.


The sequence of experiments resulting in the development of steady-state dense hot-electron plasmas is briefly described. These plasmas are produced in magnetic-mirror machines by radiation at the electron-cyclotron frequency. The electron-cyclotron plasma with the greatest stored energy to date has a volume of ∼ 50 liters, an electron "temperature" of 120 keV, a density of 4 — 7 × 1011/cm3, an d an average beta of ∼ 0.4. This plasma is created in the EPA Facility by a 50-kW c.w. 10.6-gHz microwave power source. The construction and operation of the machine are briefly discussed. The analysis and interpretation of the bremsstrahlung and diamagnetic measurements employed to determine these parameters are given. Diamagnetic and particle decay measurements on a smaller machine, the Physics Test Facility, are also described.


Through case study of Tianjin Economic Development Area(TEDA), the paper argues the strategy of physical reintegration which includes the peripher- al conformity,morphological adoption and site rebuilding in different scopes.


In the thymus, precursor T cells acquire the capacity to recognize structures determined by the individual's own major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. Only thereafter are mature T cells capable of cooperating with other compatible lymphocytes or macrophages and of generating MHC-restricted cytotoxicity (Zinkernagel et al., 1978a, b). These functions are of vital importance for all higher forms fo life. However, during evolution, recognition and destruction of foreign cells may have been of even greater importance, and in more developed animals, including man, immunological defence against foreign antigens is always significant. In this paper we will summarize and discuss recent studies carried out in our laboratory on fetal development of the T cell repertoire responsible for recognition and destruction of foreign cells. In these studies with cells of human and sheep fetuses, mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and cell mediated lympholysis (CML) have been used. To determine the specificity of the MLC-responses observed, we have applied the cell suicide technique with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BudR) and UV light (Zoschke & Bach, 1971, Asantila et al., 1974a, Asantila & Toivanen, 1976). CML-responses have been determined by using *̂Cr release and specifically sensitized effector cells (Hayry & Defendi 1970, Granberg et al., 1976a).


A tobacco smoke filter comprising dispersed therein a moisture absorbent, such as sodium pyroglutamate porous substrate, the moisture absorbent capable of absorbing moisture from tobacco smoke and thus wet filter tobacco smoke. There is also a tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous matrix having dispersed therein microcapsules. Such microcapsules comprising an absorbent agent, such as sodium pyroglutamate. Such microcapsules further comprise methylcellulose preferably, one or more chlorophyllin and at least one vegetable oil.


Creating a land market is one of the most debated and politicised issues of Ukraine's environmental and agricultural policy. There is an urgent need to examine the following issues (among others): a) identifying priority measures for establishing the land market; b) studying the experience of public land management so as to further adapt the land legislation of Ukraine to the requirements of the European Union; and c) maintaining the domestic agrarian sector in the context of effective conservation of the State's land resources. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the preconditions and realities of opening up the agricultural land market in Ukraine, including to formulate sound conclusions on the practical consequences of such reforms for domestic landowners. It was researched applying two basic approaches to scientific cognition – general scientific methods and special legal methods. It elaborates the conditions for the introduction of a land market in Ukraine; analyses the historical prerequisites for the implementation of land reform; identifies the main risks for landowners that come into play with the opening of the land market; and formulates further directions of improvement of relevant legal regulations and mechanisms. Noting that currently Ukrainians have the least amount of investment capital and extremely limited access to loans, it concludes that, under current legislation, without a clear definition of the right to purchase their own land, the holders of private farms and other small farmers will struggle to gain access to the Ukrainian land market.


Rabbit skeletal and bovine cardiac troponin C (TN-C) and bovine brain protein modulator have been nitrated by treatment with tetranitromethane. The resulting derivatives have been characterized by ...


Recent discoveries of a number of unexpected new charmomium-like meson states at the BaBar and Belle B-factories have demonstrated how little is still known about meson spectroscopy. In this talk we will review recent highlights of the light quark spectroscopy from collider and fixed target experiments.


10560 Background: KIT or PDGFRA mutations are found in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and are correlated with imatinib (IM) effects. Most reports studied only hot-spots of each gene using paraffin sections and extracted DNA. Here we examined full sequence of the genes using frozen section of GI mesenchymal tumors.

METHODS
Histologic Dx was done with HE and immunohistochemistory (IH). Using RNA obtained from fresh samples of serial 209 pts with GIST (n=174), myogenic (21), neurogenic tumors (11), or GI sarcoma (3), KIT or PDGFRA cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and fully sequenced.

RESULTS
Tumors other than GIST showed no KIT-immunoreactivity, and had no-PCR-products of KIT (32) or wild type (WT) (3). PDGFRA of these tumors is WT. In IH, KIT was positive in 94% of GIST and CD34 in 84%. 7 GIST showed no-PCR-products of KIT, 8 WT of the genes, 142 KIT, or 17 PDGFRA mutations. Mutations are mutually exclusive. No-PCR was associated with IM-responded GIST (6 out of 15 IM-treated pts), in which KIT expression in IH was scarcely seen. WT are found in 3 juvenile GIST or 4 NF-1, and only 1 adult GIST showed WT. KIT mutations are found in exon (Ex) 9 (10 pts), Ex 11 (125), Ex 13 (3), or Ex 17 (4). All Ex 9 mutations are typical insertion mutations, found in small intestine (8) or colon (2), and associated with poor prognosis. Ex 13 and 17 mutations are missense and Ex 11 showed various type of mutations including deletion, insertion and missense mutations. These mutations distributed throughout GI tract. Deletion mutations in Ex 11 are associated with high recurrence rates (38/64 pts) and poor prognosis. 7 pts showed insertion mutation in the distal part of Ex 11. PDGFRA mutations found in Ex 12 (4 pts) or Ex18 (13) are missense mutations and associated with gastric location, epithelioid histology (10/16), low mitotic activity and relatively indolent clinical features.

CONCLUSIONS
KIT mRNA and protein are sometimes depressed in IM-responded lesions, which causes difficulty in mutation research. Mutations in KIT and PDGFRA are specific for GIST and WT GIST is extremely rare in adult pts except NF-1. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Introduction: Martian gullies are landforms with erosional channels that have transported material from upslope alcoves to depositional aprons, similar to terrestrial alluvial fans [1]. Widespread activity has been observed in Martian gullies [2-8]. This activity primarily occurs in association with CO2 frost and appears to be driven by the frost [e.g., 5-8]. A critical question for gully studies is whether such frost processes are the sole explanation for gullies [e.g., 7] or whether liquid water was involved in the past [e.g., 9]. Equifinality, formation of similar landforms by different processes, makes it challenging to address this question. Martian gullies have morphologies similar to alluvial fans, suggesting that they formed via fluidized flows rather than volatile-free mass wasting. Apex slopes for deposition within channels indicate fluidized flows, as they are lower than the typical angle of repose for dry granular material [10-11]. Modeling of one of the first discovered new flows suggested that it was consistent with a dry granular flow [12], but further work on three additional flows has indicated fluidization at a level consistent with either wet debris flows or flows fluidized by CO2 frost [13]. One key tool for addressing the problem of equifinality is to watch processes in action. This study seeks to understand the fluidization behavior and erosional and depositional slopes of current gully flows in comparison with the properties of the complete landforms, to determine whether the morphology of the full gully landforms is consistent with formation by flows like those occurring at present. Methods: Using an expanded catalog of new Martian gully flows [14], we identified flows in locations with high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) derived from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images. We traced profiles along new flows (Fig. 1) and identified locations of erosion and deposition. We also identified the along-profile location of the channel mouth and traced the profiles to the end of the gully apron beyond the flow path if the flow did not reach the apron terminus. The abstract presents analysis of the first subset of this data. We then calculated along-profile slopes. Slopes were calculated over a 20-meter along-profile baseline, and further smoothed by taking a running median of five slope points. These measures are necessary to reduce the effects of small-scale noise and artifacts in the DTMs. To avoid outliers, we consider the maximum depositional slope to be the 90th-percentile value, and the minimum erosional slope to the 10th-percentile value, of the sets of depositional and eroded locations. We also examined the vertical drop/horizontal runout ratio (D/R) of both individual flows and full gullies.


When Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated president on 4 March 1933, the United States was in the deepest economic depression in its history, a crisis which brought the political and economic system to the edge of breakdown and threatened so cial chaos. Worsening conditions had forced numerous banks to close before the new president and Congress ordered a banking "holiday." The stock market was at low ebb. Industrial produc tion was down to 56 percent from the 1923-25 level. Out of a labor force of 52 million, one wage earner in four did not have a job to support himself or his family. Another 5.5 million labor ers were only partially employed. In farming areas conditions were hardly better. Unable to sell corn for a profit, midwestern farmers burned the previous year's crop to keep away the win ter's cold. Essentially no markets existed for such southern cash crops as cotton, tobacco, and peanuts.1 Under such conditions, at President Roosevelt's initiative, Congress passed dozens of major bills and hundreds of lesser ones to attack the problems the Great Depression had created. Compared to the previous Herbert Hoover administration, the


This paper describes a design method of the loading cam of the parallel shaft traction drive transmission which achieves high transmission efficiency. The geometrical profile of the cam which provides loading force in proportion to the transmitting force was determined with considering elastic deformation of components of the transmission. The loading force and transitional motion of the cam equipped on the prototype transmissions were measured and they agreed well calculations that shows the design method is proper. The required power of the ratio change actuator for the multi steps mechanism using the crank shaft was calculated. It was very small compering with transmitting power of the transmission that means effect on whole energy loss is small. Analysis on kinetic motion of the cam was executed by calculations and measurements have confirmed this system has potential which occurs self-excited vibration. Hydraulic circuit consisting of pistons and orifice is effective to avoid the vibration that was confirmed by calculations and measurements. Traction coefficient of the presented multi steps transmission decreases greatly at ratio change with large slip so that the transmission cannot execute power transmission. The shut off valve adding on the hydraulic circuit to fix transitional motion of the cam can transmit power to provide loading force with large slip at ratio change. Test result conducted the 2-speed transmission equipped with this mechanism achieves smooth and quick ratio change. This study shows the presented cam and its design method solve the most vital issue for traction drives which is how to provide suitable loading force. Tribology, Loading cam, Self-excited


Pernambuco Lagoon is a hypersaline water body located in the Massambaba barrier-island, coastal plain of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Its marginal environments are characterized by the development of microbial mats resulting from the organic activity produced by sediment trapping and binding in the matrix. The aim of this study is to characterize the cyanobacterial and sedimentary composition of these mats, mainly those with polygonal morphology, where a porous compact structure limits and forms polygonal fi ssures and cracks. The MEV and SED analysis show a calcitic and sodium chlorate composition and dominance of fi lamentous cyanobacteria Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Thuret) Gomont 1892 in the polygonal microbial mats. The disposition of fi lamentous forms on the surface level and the spherical ones in the deeper layers results in a stratifi cation of the mats. These observations are useful in the identifi cation of similar organic generated deposits in the fossil record.