Background: The ongoing global pandemic due to novel corona virus (SARS-CoV2) has jeopardized our lives from all corners. With the exponential growth of cases, even Medical institutes have curtailed physical classes and shifted to virtual classrooms. The medical graduates have exposure to online education due to vanguard of technology. However, in dwindling of COVID-19 struck economy in a developing country like India, all the medical graduates may not be privileged to have access the android phone or fast-streaming internet.

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the impact and impression of online classes among facilitators and students.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of biochemistry of Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College after obtaining Institutional Ethical Clearance. The students and faculties who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were given a questionnaire. The responses were recorded in five-point Likert Scale.

Results: Both the medical undergraduates and facilitators had a consensus opinion (0.61 and 0.71, respectively) that simultaneous access to multiple website is merit of e-learning. About 81.5% had a strong consensus opinion that there less chances of interaction with the facilitators. About 66.7% of facilitators either agreed or strongly agreed that there are hurdles to motivate the students in virtual platform. The ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed interaction with facilitators and easy of assessment is important predictors for successful outcome of online education.

Conclusion: The study concluded that scope of interaction and self-motivation of the students remains to be cornerstone for the successful outcome of virtual teaching sessions. The outcome of this study may guide to identify lacunae and advantages of online methodologies in comparison to the physical classrooms.


A treatment of the various factors involved in lidar data acquisition and analysis is presented. This treatment highlights sources of fundamental, systematic, modeling, and calibration errors that may affect the accurate interpretation and calibration of lidar aerosol backscatter data. The discussion primarily pertains to ground based, pulsed CO2 lidars that probe the troposphere and are calibrated using large, hard calibration targets. However, a large part of the analysis is relevant to other types of lidar systems such as lidars operating at other wavelengths; continuous wave (CW) lidars; lidars operating in other regions of the atmosphere; lidars measuring nonaerosol elastic or inelastic backscatter; airborne or Earth-orbiting lidar platforms; and lidars employing combinations of the above characteristics.


The invention provides a method for measuring the total content of nitrogen of fresh water quality. The method comprises the steps of sampling, preparing an alkaline potassium persulfate solution, preparing a potassium nitrate standard solution, preparing a hydrochloric acid solution, drawing a calibration curve and detecting a water sample to be measured. According to the method, a polytetrafluoroethylene decomposition bottle is adopted to replace a colorimetric tube, so that the decomposition process is relatively sealed and relatively fully carried out, and the decomposition time is relatively short; cross contamination is not caused between the inside and the outside of the decomposition bottle, and interference is eliminated, so that the result is relatively accurate, and the operation is relatively simple and relatively convenient; furthermore, an opening or a plug of the colorimetric tube is prevented from being broken in the decomposition process, so that the problem of analyzing by sampling again is avoided. Furthermore, after the colorimetric tube is replaced by the decomposition bottle, and a pipette is also used, the sample can be analyzed at the constant volume without being transferred into the colorimetric tube after being decomposed, so that the method is convenient, fast and easy to operate, and the accuracy is improved.


The protective enzymes activities in grafted and self-root cucumber seedlings under 25,50,75 mmol/L NaCl stress were studied using Yunnan black seed pumpkin as the stock and Jinlu NO.4 cucumber cultivar as the scion.And the germinative ability of Yunan black seed pumpkin and cucumber seeds under stress was studied too.The result showed that Yunan black seed pumpkin maintained a higher germination rate,and that of cucumber dropped signifcantly.Both SOD and CAT activity enhanced along with NaCl concentration increasing.The activity of SOD and CAT in seedlings leaves of black seed pumpkin keeped the highest level all along and the two indexes of grafted cucumber were close to the corresponding levels in black seed pumpkin.Self-root cucumber had the lowest level.The SOD activity of each treatment presented a trend of decreasing.It showed that the grafted cucumber performed better than the self-root cucumber at seedlings stage.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image on variations in the length and princess line, in a silhouette of a one-piece dress with the application of the 3D Virtual Clothing System known as i-designer. Eight sample were examined: 2 variations of the length and 2 variations of the princess line, 2 variations of the form of a silhouette. The data was obtained from 66 fashion design majors. The data was assessed by a t-test and a multi-way ANOVA and factor analysis. The results were as follows; The visual image according to the design variables, four factors were selected; the attractiveness factor, the activeness factor, the practicality factor, the elegance factor. In these factors, the attractiveness factor is estimated by the most important factor. As a result of analyzing the effect of the interaction in the visual image according to the design variables, the influence of the main effect was found to be great in each factor. In the activeness factor, a significant difference was noted in the two-way interaction between the length and the princess line, the length and the silhouette. In the elegance factor, a significant difference was noted in the two-way interaction between the length and the silhouette. However, the influence on three-way interaction among the length, the princess line, and the silhouette was not significant.


Tables, Figures, and Exhibits.Foreword (Bill Bradley).Preface (Sharon M. Oster, Cynthia W. Massarsky, Samantha L. Beinhacker).Acknowledgements.The Editors.The Contributors.PART ONE: KEY ISSUES IN BUSINESS PLANNING FOR NONPROFIT ENTERPRISE.1. Putting Nonprofit Business Ventures in Perspective (J. Gregory Dees).2. Building Organizational Capacity (Paul Connolly).3. Leadership Strategies for Managing a Nonprofit Enterprise (Jeffrey A. Sonnenfeld and Maxwell L. Anderson).4. Targeting the Market and Developing a Marketing Plan (Christopher Lovelock).5. Pricing Goods and Services (Sharon M. Oster).6. Legal and Tax Considerations (William H. Heritage Jr. and Timothy J. Orlebeke).7. Nonprofit Ventures and Governance Issues (Katherine M. O'Regan).PART TWO: FINDING AND ATTRACTING CAPITAL.8. Securing Financial Capital (David Bornstein and The Goldman Sachs Foundation).9. Pitching Your Venture (Amy Solas and Adam M. Blumenthal).10. Forming Strategic Alliances (Richard Steckel).11. Growing Your Business with a High-Engagement Funder (Kristin Majeska).12. Supporting Nonprofit Enterprise in Emerging Markets (Lee Davis and Nicole Etchart).PART THREE: THE BUSINESS PLAN IN ACTION.13. Fundamentals of Implementation (Patricia Caesar and Thomas Baker).14. Real World Challenges of Implemention (Kim Alter).15. Deploying Resources Effectively (Dennis R. Young).16. Using Performance Metrics to Assess Impact (Stephanie Bell-Rose).17. Taking Your Venture to Scale (Rick Aubry).Index.


Rice is a staple crop for over 50% of the world's population, but its sensitivity to salinity poses a threat to meeting the worldwide demand. This study investigated the correlation of salinity tolerance to Na+ exclusion, proline accumulation, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in some rice cultivars originating from Egypt. Giza 182 was shown to be the most tolerant of the five cultivars, as judged by visual symptoms of salt injury, growth parameters, and patterns of Na+ accumulation, while Sakha 105 appeared to be highly susceptible. In detail, Giza 182 accumulated the lowest Na+ concentration and maintained a much lower Na+/K+ ratio in all plant organs in comparison to Sakha 105. The salinity-tolerant varieties had higher accumulation of proline than the salinity-susceptible cultivars. The salinity-tolerant Giza 182 accumulated a higher concentration of proline, but the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly reduced compared to in the salinity-susceptible Sakha 105. In addition, Giza 182 had stronger activity of both catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to Sakha 105. The findings of this study reveal that the salinity tolerance in rice is primarily attributable to Na+ exclusion, the accumulation of proline in rice organs, a low Na+/K+ ratio, and a low level of lipid peroxidation. The levels of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and APX and the accumulation of proline may play important roles in salinity tolerance in rice. However, the comparative involvement of individual antioxidant enzymes in salinity stress in rice should be further investigated. Giza 182 has the potential to be cultivated in salinity-affected areas, although the effects of salinity stress on its grain yield and quality should be evaluated during the full crop cycle.


Objective
To investigate the clinical values of SOFA score, qSOFA score and SIRS criteria in predicting the prognosis of patients with suspected infection in the emergency department.

Methods
From January 2015 to April 2017, 487 patients aged over 18 years were suspected to be infected and admitted to hospital. SOFA, qSOFA, and SIRS scores were calculated. The mortality and the requirement of ICU treatment were used as prognostic factors for evaluating the validity of each score. The prognostic value of each scoring system was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results
In 487 patients, the hospital mortality rate was 4.9%, and requirement of ICU treatment rate was 17%. SOFA score predicting hospital mortality and requirement of ICU treatment (AUROC 0.905) were superior to other scores (qSOFA-WBC: AUROC 0.778, qSOFA: AUROC 0.769, SIRS: AUROC 0.64). Compared with the SIRS criteria, patients with a score of >1 had higher qSOFA scores (94.47%), but lower sensitivity (44.86%); although SIRS criteria had a higher sensitivity (77.57%), they were less specific (42.63%).When qSOFA was added to the condition of leukocyte abnormalities ( 10×109/L), the prognosis was improved and the sensitivity and specificity for prognosis were 73.83% and 71.84% (qSOFA-WBC score, >1), respectively. In patients with qSOFA-WBC score, only 6 patients (negative predictive value of 94.2%) died or required ICU treatment.

Conclusion
The SOFA score is superior to qSOFA and SIRS in predicting the prognosis of patients with suspect infection, and qSOFA-WBC is superior to qSOFA and SIRS in predicting low risk.

Key words:
Suspect infection; SOFA score; qSOFA score; SIRS criteria


The graduation thesis deals with the importance of education as well with the necessity to invest into development and to improve the working performance of the employees. The goal of this graduation thesis is to re-evaluate the educational system of the human resources in the complicated system of the revenne authorities (6000 employees), identifi-cation of the need to educate the staff in tax administration, strong and weak aspects of education and develop a design to increase the efficiency of the education process on the basis of established needs for improvement of activities and to achieve goals of the organi-zation. Solution to educational system, manners to determine needs of the special or tech-nical preparation and development of staff income authority comes out from the studies of available literature, from the documents of the organization, interviews with the staff, from the analysis of the current education in the organization and from the practical skills. I assume that proposals listed in my practical section will provide an alternative which could be employed to improve current status of education in the organization and create favourable conditions for the further development of the staff and recoverability of the in-vestment inserted in the education of the staff in the form of raising qualities of delivering services and to achieve goals of the organization.


In no wave function of the type (1) [product of single determinants for each spin] is there a statistical correlation between the positions of the electrons with antiparallel spin. The purpose of the aforementioned generalization of (1) is to allow for such correlations. This will lead to an improvement of the wave function and, therefore, to a lowering of the energy value. E. Wigner, Phys. Rev. 46, 1002 (1934) Summary Although the exact many-body wavefunction cannot be written down in general, we do know of some of its properties. For example, there are differences between the wavefunctions of insulators and metals and the cusp condition gives the behavior as any two charges approach each other. In this chapter we also discuss approximate wavefunctions, ways to judge their accuracy and how to include electronic correlation. Examples of many-body wavefunctions are the Slater–Jastrow (pair product) wavefunction and its generalization to pairing and backflow wavefunctions. In other places in this book, we argue that it is not necessary to look at the many-body wavefunctions explicitly because they are unwieldy; the one- and two-body correlation functions discussed in Ch. 5 are sufficient to determine the energy and give information on the excitation spectra. However, these correlation functions do not always contain all information of interest. In principle, the ground-state energy of a many-electron system is a functional of the density, but the very derivation of the theorem invokes the many-body wavefunction, as expressed explicitly in Eq. (4.16). The effects of antisymmetry are manifest in the correlation functions, but antisymmetry is most simply viewed as a property of the wavefunction; electronic correlation is fundamentally a result of properties of the many-body wavefunction. Studying many-body wavefunctions provides a very useful, different point of view of many-body physics from the approaches based on correlation functions. Many of the most important discoveries in physics have come about by understanding the nature of wavefunctions, such as the Laughlin wavefunction for the fractional quantum Hall effect, the BCS wavefunction for superconductors, p-wave pairing in superfluid 3 He, and the Heitler– London approach for molecular binding. The role of Berry's phases has brought out the importance of the phase of the wavefunction in determining properties of quantum systems. This has led to new understanding of the classification of insulators, metals, superconductors, vortices, and other states of condensed matter.


Recent experimental observations on a silicon impact avalanche transit-time diode oscillator and amplifier CW-operated at 50 GHz are presented. 1) CW oscillation power of 100 mW was obtained at an overall efficiency of 2 percent. The oscillation frequency was continuously tunable over a 1.3-GHz range by a sliding short. 2) Phase-locking has been achieved with a maximum normalized gain-bandwidth product of 0.1. The minimum locking signal power required for a 500-MHz locking bandwidth was 20 dB below the oscillator output. 3) Electronic tuning of the oscillator frequency was demonstrated by placing a millimeter-wave varactor diode in the tuning circuit. The output frequency versus the bias voltage on the varactor diode was linear with maximum frequency deviation of 300 MHz. Frequency modulation of the oscillator by driving the varactor with a sinusoidal source was obtained at a modulation frequency of 50 MHz. 4) Stable amplification with 13-dB gain was obtained, centered at 52.885 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 1 GHz. The maximum output power obtained was 16 mW. Higher gain of about 17 dB was obtained at a reduced bandwidth. The noise figure of the amplifier was 36 dB. Equivalent circuits for the oscillator and the amplifier are derived. The calculated results agree reasonably well with the experimental observations.


The objective of this work is to discuss the beginning of the practice of penta in the context of existential inversion, and to establish relationships with the phase of youth. Taking into account the implications associated to this phase, it seeks to present solutions to the questions that precede the decision of starting this assistential practice and the ways to verify the fulfillment of the conditions of the personal planning.


The real source of Chinese exegesis lies in the original interpretation activities of Chinese ancestors,in Chinese ancestors' interpretations of ancient classics,in the promoting process of their interpretation activities and in the gradual forming process of Exegesis in the Early Han Dynasty.The seed of hermeneutic traits was bred in the original interpretation activities of Chinese ancestors,and it sprouted in Chinese ancestors' interpretations of ancient classics,and grew in the promoting process of their interpretation activities and the gradual forming process of Exegesis in the Early Han Dynasty.This leads to a comprehensive and solid conclusion that generally speaking,Chinese exegesis is characterized by hermeneutic traits.


Abstract In this article, we investigate the boundary behavior of solutions of divergence-form operators with an elliptic symmetric part and a BMO antisymmetric part. Our results will hold in non-tangentially accessible (NTA) domains; these general domains were introduced by Jerison and Kenig and include the class of Lipschitz domains. We establish the Hölder continuity of the solutions at the boundary, existence of elliptic measures ωL associated to such operators, and the well-posedness of the continuous Dirichlet problem as well as the Dirichlet problem in NTA domains. The equivalence in the Lp norm of the square function and the non-tangential maximal function under certain conditions remains valid. When specialized to Lipschitz domains, it is then possible to extend, to these operators, various criteria for determining mutual absolute continuity of elliptic measure with surface measure.


Speech disability concerns communication issues encompassing hearing, speech, language and fluency. A speech recognition system is proposed to distinguish between a normal and a person having speech disability using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient. The speech disability focused in this work is stuttering which is carried out on normal female speakers and female stutter speakers. This paper presents the capability of MFCC to extract features which could be used to measure the degree of speech disability. This method is a prerequisite for designing and producing standard telecommunications equipment and services that can be used to alleviate the negative consequences of a disability.


Background: In recent years, several studies on the body posture have been done at schools, most of which have shown a high prevalence of varying abnormality among students. The aim of this study was to investigate the normal range and changes process of lumbar curve in students, both girls and boys, in the age group of 10 to 18 years. Methods: A total number of 1800 students (male and female), in the age group of 10 to 18 years were selected to participate in the present study. The student samples were chosen from the different cities of the Isfahan province in a randomized and clustered manner. Each age category included 100 male and female students each. The flexible ruler was used to measure the lumbar curve angle. The factorial ANOVA method, in SPPS16, was used for data analysis with α=0.05. Results: The data analysis showed that the age changes factor and gender factor have a significant effect on lumbar curve changes in the level of P 0.05). This means that the changes process is similar in both gender groups. Conclusion: The lumbar curve angle is generally higher in girls. Moreover, this angle increases in both genders as age increases to 18 years. The extent of the lumbar curve exceeds the normal limit in girls after 13 years of age with the onset of puberty, which means that girls in this age group need additional attention from the concerned authorities in order to prevent spinal abnormalities.


In the present research, long side chain (LSC) and short side chain (SSC) PFSA are evaluated for automotive fuel cell applications. Performance of the MEAs under low inert gas RH and hot condition was improved by replacing the LSC membranes with SSC membranes due to increase of the ion exchange capacity (IEC) (decrease of ionomer equivalent weight (EW)). There was no significant performance gain by further increasing the IEC of ionomers. One of the trade offs was gas crossover increasing with on increase of the IEC, which impacts on the fuel efficiency and driving range. A compromise with durability was also observed in the cyclic OCV lifetime test (an accelerated stress test (AST)).


In this research, we studied the quality improvement of laser microprobe emission spectrum line in argon atmosphere at reduced pressure. The analyzer consists of a YGJⅡ laser micro spectral analyzer, a QF60 spectrograph and the low vacuum chamber system. The emission spectral characters of CuΙ324.7nm and CuΙ327.4nm lines of the copper alloy standard samples are studied. Comparing with the results obtained in air atmosphere, in the argon atmosphere at reduced pressure can obviously improve the quality of spectral line.


The present invention provides a vehicle type handheld terminal in response to user demand, which belongs to the field of electronic technology, relates to a handheld terminal in response to a user of the aircraft needs. The handheld terminal comprising: an aircraft structure that is disposed in a handheld terminal body, the structure for realizing the function of the flight; biometric structure that is packaged on a handheld terminal, a terminal for the flight, the user to find position, and effectively for the user landing structure. By the present invention, the user can perform more appropriate communication operation, or other associated operations.


This paper proposes extracting black line with small-scale method in the self-tracing car system based on OV6620 as the video sensor unit. Describe the hardware design of OV6620 and other two kinds of image signal extracting methods, which are to extract black line from left to right, and extract black line from middle to both sides. The testing shows that extracting black line with small-scale method has good stability, accuracy, and anti-interference.


ON BIPARTITY OF WEISSLIENGENDES (PERMIAN) SANDSTONES FROM THE CENTRAL PARTS OF THE FORE-SUDETIC MONOCLINE IN THE LIGHT OF DISCRIMINATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HEAVY MINERAL ASSEMBLAGE

Summary
The problem of bipartity of Weissliegendes (Permian) sandstones from central parts of the Fore-Sudetic monocline is discussed. The series of white or white-gray sandstones occurring directly above the Rotliegendes deposits and overlain with so-called copper-bearing shales and evaporites of the Zechstein have been the subject of numerous papers and discussions. The paper presents results of discriminative analysis of composition of heavy mineral fraction of these sandstones.


In the fall of 2019, the congressionally endowed Drake Constitutional Law Center held a symposium on the book, Democracy and Dysfunction, authored by University of Texas law professor Sandy Levinson and Yale law professor Jack Balkin. Several scholars offered commentary on the book. This Article focuses on how the Internet is not what it used to be. The Internet is now a major reason why the U.S. political system has broken down. While several other books have made this argument at length, this Article synthesizes these viewpoints in a concise and useful manner.

In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court treated Internet 1.0 as a sacrosanct technology. The Internet has changed dramatically since then with Facebook, Google, and Amazon becoming among the world's most dominant companies and social media platforms taking charge. Yet the Court has still provided these companies with the utmost protection. Unfortunately, Internet 2.0 contains encrypted websites allowing dangerous collaborations, salacious materials, a Dark Web, and even postings designed to sabotage elections. It is no accident that the Russians succeeded at influencing the 2016 U.S. presidential election. People's privacy is also being invaded. And President Donald Trump tweets messages with racist, sexist, and otherwise inflammatory elements on social media.

This Article shows how the poisonous social media mentioned above and the absence of useful restrictions have caused political dysfunction. The Article also shows how several often-praised First Amendment cases have contributed to these problems, as have the imprecise and detrimental algorithms employed by these companies. Moreover, the Article asserts that the provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 230 could be used by these private entities to support cleansing efforts that are necessary and thereby avoid government controls.


This article studies the role of norms and values in the microfinance sector. Microfinance projects implemented in India use a wide range of different organizational structures. A classification of the sector is proposed, mapping the institutions along two axes: the profit motive (profit vs. not-for-profit) and the decision making style (centralized vs. un-centralized). Some Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) base their interactions on rigid norms or rules; while others are based on values. We argue that the private sector will tend to produce the operating rules of the microfinance system while the not-for-profit institutions that are using an inclusive decision-making process are more likely to influence the ethical norms in the sector. Nevertheless, this classification is not static as recent events in South-India shows that norms, such as the interest rates, can be politically and emotionally invested to the point that they are about to become values in the sector.


In his study on ordinary lives, precarious lives, French philosopher Guillaume Le Blanc alludes to the paradoxical necessity of finding a voice for the voiceless. Social vulnerability is synchronous with linguistic vulnerability so that precarious lives are sanctioned by inarticulacy. By selecting novels dealing with the hard and/or humdrum circumstances of growing up in dire straits, this paper examines how three novelists (Barry Hines, James Kelman and Stephen Kelman) have attempted to tackle the question of vocal and tonal authenticity. Barry Hines often claimed that in his stories he shunned the sophistication of literary experimentalism. To his metonymic logic can be opposed James Kelman's raw, unmediated transcription of the long-winded monologue of a Glaswegian boy in the 1950s. Stephen Kelman, for his part, chose an eleven-year old boy recently arrived from Ghana in Pigeon (pidgin) Pigeon (pidgin) English published in 2011.


Developing of Sciences in 21 Centuries is good knowlagement. This paper talks  South East Studies and Religion Studies integrating. With concerned Human Art Studies are discussing how is Indonesian Muslim scholar done for integration knowlage between medition on Tradisional studies and modern medition studies. In addition paper will be discussing tropoical culture integrated on Science. It is said that integrated knowlage of indonasion scholar on collaborating western knowlage to eastern knowlage for medition integrated that is called by balur that are boreh and lulur.  Balur is getting massage body with tradisinal medicion consisting on Coffe and Tobaco. Balur is method for healing cencer. Balur will be explaning on how tobacco and coffe are working on biology data with Topical botany, physic data with kuantum on magnetic field, and kimia data with free radical polusion. With the funtions of three knwolages are integrated on working proses that will to be madision for canser. Lembaga Penelitian dan Peluruhan Radikal Bebas (LP2RB) under Center Rumah Sehat Malang dan Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peluruhan Radikal Bebas in Gria Balur Muria Kudus are laboratory and hospital for cencer tredment. This paper will be taking bout two Center but focuses on LPRB under Gria Muria Kudus. The Conluding of paper will show the Uniqe Partn of nusantara tradition with local wisdom knowlage on natural Science.


PURPOSE: A cable alignment device of a winch of a vehicle is provided to evenly wind a cable on a drum by pressing the cable via a press panel. CONSTITUTION: A cable alignment device comprises an air tank(22), an air cushion spring(20), a magnetic valve(21), and a press panel(10). When a cable is wound on a drum, the magnetic valve is opened to flow air into the air cushion spring from the air tank. By the elasticity of the air cushion spring expanding due to air, the rear portion of the press panel moves upward by centering on a support shaft(11). A press protrusion(14) formed in the front portion of the press panel presses a cable(15) in a proper pressure. Thus, the cable is evenly wound on the drum by moving leftward and rightward.


Acid hydrazides have been found to have apparent sensitizing activity on the effects of 300-kV x-rays on survival of KB cells in culture. "Active" compounds, as measured by survival modification factor at a single x-ray dose, include the hydrazides of the following acids: acetic, succinic, malic, aconitic, 2,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic, 4,5-imidazole-carboxylic, and 1,1,3,3-propanetetracarboxylic. Twelve other hydrazides, some closely similar structurally, were without activity. Radiation dose-response experiments with the first four listed hydrazides have shown significant, though not extreme, effects on slopes and dose-modifying factors. If an active hydrazide is added to cells within 15 minutes after irradiation, the effects on survival are equivalent to those observed when the compound is added one-half hour prior to irradiation and remain present through irradiation. It is thus strongly indicated that these compounds affect a recovery process, or that radiation sensitizes the cells to otherwise nontoxic ...


As one of the subjects of network,students are dominant in the network society.Their communication in the network is equal,open,interactive,virtual,beyond time and space,and multi-subjective.These new features promote students' subjectivity.The effect that network society develops students' subjectivity embodies their selection,autonomy,initiative and creativity.


Objective To investigate the risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly man with type 2 diabetes so as to provide basis for the corresponding prevention.Methods A total of 180 patients who met the enroll criterion were measured on their overall cognitive function by mini-mental state examination(MMSE),clinical dementia rating(CDR) and global deterioate scale(GDS).Then they were divided into normal group and cognitive impairment group.Results There were 48 patients in normal group and 132 in cognitive impairment group.Significant differences were observed on the cognitive impairment risk factors including age,the incidence of stroke,duration diabetes,diabetic microangiopathy and hypoglycemia(P0.01).Conclusion The incidence of cognitive impairment elderly men with type 2 diabetes is high,and the risk factors included non-diabetes and diabetes-related indicators.Appropriate prevention and nursing work helps improve their quality of life.


Epitope‐specific CD4+ T cells can be labeled in complex cell mixtures from secondary lymphoid organs with fluorophore‐labeled peptide:major histocompatibility complex class II (p:MHCII) tetramers and then detected by flow cytometry. Magnetic enrichment of tetramer‐bound cells before flow cytometry increases the sensitivity of detection to the point where epitope‐specific cells can be studied even when very rare at early and late times after the host has been exposed to the epitope. This method is very useful for studying polyclonal epitope‐specific CD4+ T cells under physiological conditions. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The desired outcome for instructors who seek to competently teach students can often be summarized in two words: student success. Although, the input necessary to achieve student success varies dramatically with each class, one constant is the effective teacher. Defining what an "effective" teacher is proves to be difficult because for every class the "effective" teacher is different. As of late, whether you agree or not, effective teachers are often described as enterprising and entertaining. Enterprising—being marked by imagination and initiative; and entertaining—being agreeably diverting or providing amusement. The debate about creating an entertaining and/ or enterprising classroom certainly exists. But, no matter who wins the debate, it is clear that students of all ages are being entertained in every other facet of their life, and even if they do not expect it in their classroom, they surely appreciate and often respond to it! Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform for any subject and for all ages. It is designed to make learning fun. Students are able to join from any device, such as their smart phone, tablet, or computer. Whether utilizing one of the many existing Kahoot! games or creating your own, Kahoot! creates fun learning for all! Kahoot! is an innovative tool that all professors who are striving to be effective should put in their toolbox.


Sociological interest in post-reform China has burgeoned since sociologists such as Victor Nee and Andrew Walder had initiated a debate of whether the market transition of former socialist countries benefit the direct producers of the market rather than political elites. Informed by the market transition debate, stratification theories, and intergenerational mobility studies, this study aims to examine whether under the party-state political structure, ruling party membership is a substantial exogenous source of social class stratification. Data in this study is drawn from the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey (n = 2,209). The ordinary least square (OLS) regression suggests that for non-institutionalized Chinese adults who are born during the reform era (1978 -2013), their parents' Chinese Communist Party membership is a statistically significant factor in determining their social class measured by their income and education, when holding constant sex, age, region, urbanity, and ethnicity. This study contributes to the sociological understanding of how political institutions shape individual socio-economic status and how state intervention perpetuates or diminishes social inequality on the individual level. PARTY, CLASS, AND MOBILITY IN CHINA 2 Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.--John Rawls In 1985, the paramount leader of Chin, Deng Xiaoping, told the relegate of Time Inc. about his discretion that China's reform should let some regions and some people get richer first; these people should then lead and help others to be richer, so China can achieve common prosperity. Since the initiation of its economic reform in 1978, China has grown momentously and become the second largest economy of the world in 2010. Scholars like Goodman (2014) have increasingly paid attention to the emerging structural change and social stratification of Chinese society within its skyrocketing economic growth and continuing assimilation into the global capitalist market. These scholars have shown that China has gradually shifted away from a static and egalitarian society during the Mao era and has moved to a fluid and hierarchical society that embraces class differentiation. However, like other post-industrial countries, social and economic capital in China are not equally available to every social class of the society. Resources such as access to the market, education, and network connections to political elites are more likely to be seized by those former party cadres and their family members. As Li and Zhu (2017) point out, class solidification and dominant class reproduction may become prominent a social problem for China. In regard to this problem, I suggest that connections to the ruling party may well elucidate the exogenous causes driving PARTY, CLASS, AND MOBILITY IN CHINA 3 social stratification in China. In other words, the study of people's political connections could answer why some fractions of the society have gained advantages or not in a radical social transition lasting for more than three decades. The general research question of this paper asks whether during the postreform era, China has formed a more privileged class who has benefited from the market transition because of their parents' political power and ties with the ruling party of the party-state. Grounded in past theories and findings, I hypothesize that Chinese people born in and after 1978, who have at least one parent who is a Chinese Communist Party Member (CCP), will have higher incomes, will have a higher selfperceived social class than they had at the age 14, and will complete higher education. This hypothesis is thoroughly informed by the understanding of the overall picture of China's transition and the changing characters of individual lives. As the larger implication, this study contributes to a sociological perspective on how political institutions shape individual economic powers within a society and how the interference of political institutions into the market-based society perpetuates or diminishes social inequality.


QAA(Quality Assurance Agency)and RAE(Research Assessment Exercises) are the two main bodies for the quality(academic and research) assurance in UK higher education.They form the main framework for UK higher education evaluation.This paper reviews the main features of UK higher education evaluation system and,on the basis of which,proposes some valuable suggestions on ideas and practices of higher education evaluation in China.


Isomeric N-benzyl derivatives of 3-toluidinopropanamides were prepared through an unanalyzed amine exchange reaction with benzylamine. The structures of these compounds were established by various spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were screened in mice against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylene tetrazole (scPTZ) seizure test models. Neurotoxicity was assessed using the righting reflex test. It was found out that N-benzylation at the amido nitrogen generally brought about increase in anticonvulsant potency of the 3-toluidinopropanamides and a broadening of their anticonvulsant spectrum. The three products were also found to be more potent than the standard compounds used with good therapeutic indices signifying their great potential for use against generalized seizures. Acute toxicity studies revealed that N-benzyl-3[(methylphenyl)amino]propanamides are safe.


The objective of increasing the Energy Efficiency of communication systems must cope with a sustained growth of the market, a greater penetration of broadband services in everyday life, higher data rate services and a large increase of the number of mobile subscriptions. In this scenario, a particular attention has to be devoted to energy saving strategies that may also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The goal of an effective energy saving strategy is to reduce the power consumption without introducing any significant decrease in the network and system performance. In this paper we present the complete performance evaluation of a previously proposed strategy: particularly, the considered joint Radio Resource Management (RRM) strategy is based on the use of the cell sleep mode and the reduction of the maximum transmission power at the base station; the exponential smoothing technique is applied to forecast traffic in a given area considering daily and weekly variations. A detailed evaluation of system performance is done with reference to the no energy saving case. Results show the effectiveness of the propose strategy in heterogeneous networks (Het-Nets) where cells of different sizes effectively coexist.


Abstract The flat, triangular 3,4,5-tris-(p-n-dodecyloxybenzyloxy) benzoyloxy group (DOBOB) grafted onto a variety of rod, disc or cone-shaped molecules is shown to yield mesomorphic materials.


The following contribution aims at discussing the role of pedagogy against the background of a time in which limits are overcome through the use of new technologies. It is argued that pedagogy is in some way itself always related to both the recognition, as well as the overcoming, of limits. This can be seen first of all in the fact that both a recognition of the limit of the self as well as (or rather in differentiation to) a limit of the other are necessary in order to recognise oneself in the first place and therefore are essential to the constitution and formation of the self and the world. Secondly, the basic duty of pedagogy could be defined as the forming of human beings through the use of educational tools and by changing the limits that constitute the self. Adhering to this definition would therefore assume that there is a transhuman moment inherent in pedagogy itself.


Computer game developers have endeavoured to provide players with meaningful experiences in their stories. Unfortunately, very few have succeeded. One reason for this is the lack of understanding of how best to present a story in an interactive environment. This is in part due to the lack of theoretical underpinnings. This paper will present an extended definition of believability as one such theory as well as the requirements and qualities required to achieve believability.


An increasing body of research is being conducted on the development of wave energy converters as a potential source of renewable energy. To directly convert the low-speed oscillation of wave energy converters into electrical energy, several bespoke electrical machines have been developed by researchers, often only demonstrated in a dry laboratory environment. To prove reliable operation at sea, a generic wave energy converter is developed in this paper which is ideally suited for demonstrating an integrated small scale direct drive generator in the ocean. This paper gives design details of an 'IPS buoy' wave energy converter being developed for use with an integrated direct drive wave energy converter. Dimensions of a small-scale demonstrator are derived.


Summary Music therapy research frequently draws on the method repertoire of related disciplines. Of particular interest for research however are phenomena of the music therapy interaction and expression behaviour of the patient which are shown inadequately (or not at all) by existing instruments of collection. The development of research instruments specific to music therapy would be of interest. Among others, there is the Music Therapy Expression and Communication Scale (MAKS), a rating instrument for assessing the expression and communication behaviour of the client in the music therapy setting.The scale was developed on the basis of practical experience and evaluated in two studies with child and adolescent psychiatry clients. The scale has good psychometric properties and a high level of clinical relevance in agreement with established questionnaires. The article introduces a critical discussion of the development of the scale, the results of its evaluation and aspects of its practical application.


In this paper, we propose a robust and fast line segment detector, which achieves accurate results with a controlled number of false detections and requires no parameter tuning. It consists of three steps: first, we propose a novel edge point chaining method to extract Canny edge segments (i.e., contiguous chains of Canny edge points) from the input image; second, we propose a top-down scheme based on smaller eigenvalue analysis to extract line segments within each obtained edge segment; third, we employ Desolneux et al.'s method to reject false detections. Experiments demonstrate that it is very efficient and more robust than two state of the art methods—LSD and EDLines.


The air suspension structure and working principle of automobile are explained, and the characteristics of air suspension, which includes variable stiffness, lower inherent frequency and hypo-isofrequency, advantage and disadvantage of air suspension and its developing trend are analyzed in the paper as well.


Based on AC/DC Boost converter under peak current control under current continuous conduction(CCM) mode,fixed compensation and dynamic compensation of Boost converter are compared in experimental aspects.Based on schematic simulation,ML4812 chip is selected as the power factor correction devices in experimental circuit to achieve ramp compensation.The results show that the dynamic compensation can eliminate zero crossing dead zone brought by ramp compensation,achieve higher power factor and stronger stabilizing force during each stroboscopic period at the same time,it is a better compensation strategy and technical method.


e19031 Background: Acute Erythroid Leukemia (AEL), also known as pure erythroid leukemia, is a rare subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) characterized by proliferation of malignant erythroid precursors. It can occur at any age and portends aggressive course with dismal outcomes. Treatment consists of high-intensity chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Outcome data at a population level is scarce. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, a U.S. population-based registry maintained by National Cancer Institute. All cases with histologically confirmed diagnosis of Acute erythroid leukemia during the period of 2000-2019 were included in the study. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. The survival between groups was compared using log-rank test. Results: A total of 968 patients were included in the study. The median age was 68 years (range 0-95). 62% of patients were males. 11% patients were Hispanic and 89% were non-Hispanic (72% white and 7% black). 62.5% (n=605) patients were treated with chemotherapy. Median Overall Survival (OS) for patients with age <18 years (n=50) was 69 months with 1-year OS of 77%. In contrast, median OS for adults with age >18 years (n=918) was only 5 months with 1-year survival of 26.7%. Patients who received chemotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to patients who did not among both adults (Median OS 8 vs 1 months, p<0.0001) and children (Median OS 152 vs 2 months, p=0.004). There were no significant differences in OS based on sex, race, ethnicity and median household income. Median OS for adults diagnosed in 2000-04, 2005-09, 2010-14, 2015-19 was 4, 6, 6 and 3 months respectively with no significant difference in OS between these groups. Conclusions: AEL occurs in all age groups but is most common in elderly. Outcomes are poor with current chemotherapeutic agents, with no improvement in last two decades. This study stresses the urgent need for new investigational agents and treatment strategies. [Table: see text]


The article considers the specifics of the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies implementation and adaptation into social medium; it shows the interaction between the given process and democratic procedures. The author of the article emphasizes the fact that, in addition to the powerful results, AI technologies bear the potential risks to democratic procedures that are not studied enough. These risks result from the openness of AI technology in terms of purposes of use and application areas. To neutralize its negative impact and manifestation in future, an active study of this problem is required within the framework of the regulatory sphere. The article is dedicated to the consideration of this issue.


Background. Regular employees knowledge and competence renovation defining readiness for self-supporting, productive activity and adjustable decisions of personal and professional problems are essential conditions for state innovational economy. Accordingly continuous education contemplates active persons training and their professional-personal self-realization. In this respect the problem of professional-moral development of future specialist assumes great significance. Materials and methods. The experimental base was represented by the firstand the fifth-year students of economics and foreign languages faculties at the Belgorod state university as well as by the firstand the fifth-year students of economics and architecture faculties of the Belgorod state technological university. Diagnostic section included specially devised approaches such as pedagogical survey, students and lecturers interviewing, testing, express-testing, ranking, expert reviews, methods of results mathematical processing. Results. Due to experimental results positive correlation between level of students group concentration and formed professional-moral stability indicators was defined. The professional-moral stability formation was reflected in main criteria increase: cognitive-required, estimative-emotional and productive-effective. Functioning-conative component which was the essential and system-forming in the professional-moral stability structure was mainly formed. Conclusions. Professional-moral stability as social-psychological entity is part of personal structure and its main component. The direction of personal behaviour and activity is defined by social traits. The peculiarities of professional-personal development of the future specialist eventually influences the professional-moral stability forming.


PODIUM is a compact spacecraft navigation unit, currently being designed to provide interplanetary missions with autonomous position and velocity estimations. The unit will make use of Pulsar X-ray observations to measure the distance and distance rate from the host spacecraft to the Solar System Barycenter. Such measurements will then be used by the onboard orbit determination function to estimate the complete orbital elements of the spacecraft. The design aims at 6 kg of mass and 20 W of power, in a volume of 150 mm by 240 mm by 600 mm. PODIUM is designed to minimize the impact on the mission operational and accommodation constraints. The architecture is based on a grazing incidence X-ray telescope with focal distance limited to 50 cm. The effective area shall be in the range 25 to 50 cm2 for photon energies in the range 0.2-10 keV, requiring nesting of several mirrors in the Wolter-1 geometry. Grazing incidence angles will be very small, below 2 deg. The current target FOV is 0.25 deg. The pulsars photon arrivals are detected with a single pixel Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) sensor with timing accuracy below 1usec. The unit has no gimbaling to meet the applicable power, size and mass requirements. Instead, the host spacecraft shall slew and point to allow pulsar observation. The avionics architecture is based on a radiation hardened LEON4 processor, to allow a synchronous propagation task and measurement generation and orbit determination step in an asynchronous task. PODIUM will enable higher autonomy and lower cost for interplanetary missions. L2 space observatories and planetary flybys are the current reference use cases. Onboard autonomous state estimation can reduce the ground support effort required for navigation and orbit correction/maintenance computation, and reduce the turnaround time, thus enabling more accurate maneuvers, reducing the orbit maintenance mass budget.


: Lifestyle Management is the foundation for diabetes care including DSME, Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), physical activity, smoking cessation counseling, and psychosocial care. DSME facilitates increasing the knowledge and skills of people with diabetes to be able to manage diabetes care independently. This study is to analyze differences in knowledge, physical activity, and dietary compliance with the provision of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME). A pre-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design was conducted on 23 patients with type 2 DM, was carried out at a special DM clinic at Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling and received an education with the DSME method 6 times for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed by paired t-test to determine the difference between the mean of variables. There were significant differences before and after the DSME intervention in knowledge (p =0.000), physical activity (p= 0.001) , and diet compliance (0.000). This study showed that there was a significant increase in outcome data of patients who have been given the intervention of the Diabetes Educator team. To increase access to DSME for patients, family support and motivation from the Diabetes Educator team are needed.


The Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope ( WFIRST ) is the next NASA astrophysics flagship mission, to follow the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ). The WFIRST mission was chosen as the top-priority large space mission of the 2010 astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey in order to achieve three primary goals: to study dark energy via a wide-field imaging survey, to study exoplanets via a microlensing survey, and to enable a guest observer program. Here we assess the ability of the several WFIRST designs to achieve the goal of the microlensing survey to discover a large sample of cold, low-mass exoplanets with semimajor axes beyond roughly one AU, which are largely impossible to detect with any other technique. We present the results


Nowadays there are two kinds of methods for dealing with the problems of small sample size in linear discriminant analysis.One is that the aim of avoiding singularity is arrived by dimension reduction of feature vector of pattern samples before pattern recognition.The other is to develop an algorithm to gain the lower discriminant features.By combining the above two kinds of methods,the problem has been solved that how to gain the optimal set of uncorrelated discriminant vectors for small sample size problem based on the generalized Fisher's linear discriminant criterion.An efficient algorithm has been presented in this paper.


Numerous morphological studies have been done on the various abdominal organs of monkey. The first of such works was done by Ruge who studied the liver and, later, Roegholt, Schreiber, et al discussed the morphology and also the mutual relationship in the position of abdominal organs. However, they have studied only an extremely small number of cases and none has made statistical observations on the proportions assumed by these organs in a large sample of the same species. It may be readily imagined that the shape and position of these organs would be altered by the amount of their contents or the posture assumed by the animal. At the same time, individual variations, of course, must be considered. Therefore, it is necessary , we believe, to see as many cases as possible to limit the error due to individual variation to a minimum. Thus, the author had undertaken this study with the purpose of discussing the location of abdominal organs from the means obtained from examining the greatest possible number of monkeys of the same species. At the same time, the findings were compared with those for humans which it resembles greatly.


Printed electronics (PE) offers flexible, extremely low-cost, and on-demand hardware due to its additive manufacturing process, enabling emerging ultra-low-cost applications, including machine learning applications. However, large feature sizes in PE limit the complexity of a machine learning classifier (e.g., a neural network (NN)) in PE. Stochastic computing Neural Networks (SC-NNs) can reduce area in silicon technologies, but still require complex designs due to unique implementation tradeoffs in PE. In this paper, we propose a printed mixed-signal system, which substitutes complex and power-hungry conventional stochastic computing (SC) components by printed analog designs. The printed mixed-signal SC consumes only 35% of power consumption and requires only 25% of area compared to a conventional 4-bit NN implementation. We also show that the proposed mixed-signal SC-NN provides good accuracy for popular neural network classification problems. We consider this work as an important step towards the realization of printed SC-NN hardware for near-sensor-processing.


An energy approach within the framework of thermodynamics is used to model the fatigue process in plain concrete. Fatigue crack growth is an irreversible process associated with an irreversible entropy gain. A closed-form expression for entropy generated during fatigue in terms of energy dissipated is derived using principles of dimensional analysis and self-similarity. An increase in compliance is considered as a measure of damage accumulated during fatigue. The entropy at final fatigue failure is shown to be independent of loading and geometry and is proposed as a material property. A relationship between energy dissipated and number of cycles of fatigue loading is obtained. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.


Purpose : To characterize the role of various cellular damagesensing, processing and survival genes in the in-vitro radiosensitivity of haemopoietic colony-forming cells. Materials and methods : Bone marrow cells from a range of different gene-knockout mice were irradiated in vitro with graded radiation doses and assayed for colony-forming efficiency. Results : Colony-forming efficiency in the nulls was often lower by up to threefold compared with the wild-types. This was noticeable in particular for the atm, bax and p21 nulls. Radiosensitivity was markedly increased in the scid mouse (about 2.3-fold), more than in the atm null mouse (about 1.7-fold). There was resistance in the p53 nulls compared with the wild-types, using two different background strains, that gave similar results. There was slight sensitization in the p21 nulls. In the bcl-2 nulls, there was sensitization at low dose, but not at high dose. In contrast, in the bax nulls, there was protection at low dose, but again not at high dose. The heterozygotes for p53, bcl-2 and bax responded similarly to the wild types, so that no gene dosage effects were identified. Conclusions : These studies are the first to elucidate the role of as many as six relevant genes in the radiosensitivity of a single cell type. They show the greater importance of 'survival' genes at lower cytotoxic doses of radiation compared with the greater importance of 'damage-sensing' genes at higher doses.


The arrayed waveguide grating is used in wavelength division multiplexers and its dispersion properties of chirping are discused.The new method for optimum design of variable bends can be used in waveguide length variation.The relation between transmission power and wavelength is obtained.Computation results show that dispersion wavelength Δ λ is 0.5 nm or lower,with the insertion loss of about 6±1 dB.


Federated learning has made it possible to learn models using distributed computing resources. The most commonly used, Fedavg method has a simple structure and shows good performance. However, Fedavg has the disadvantage of not considering the performance of each user device in real-time. To solve this problem, we propose GDFed. It is a federated learning structure that understands the performance and real-time status of each user device during proceeds learning. GNN learns from the graph-type dataset and can perform tasks such as node clustering or node classification through the feature of each node (in this case, the device). GDFed is an architecture that clusters devices using pre-trained GNN models and proceeds with federated learning, taking into account the current capabilities of each device. In the experiment, we show the GDFed method outperforms the Fedavg method by 43.3% in reducing the delay time.


This essential book collects together, for the first time, the writings of Deirdre McCloskey on economic history and the rhetoric of economics. The essays have been presented to show McCloskey's evolution over time: from economist to critic, positivist to postmodernist, conventional economist to feminist economist, man to woman. Measurement and Meaning in Economics allows the reader to experience an astonishing personal and intellectual journey with one of today's most fascinating economists.


There are some nisunderstandings of the judgement of suffocation of nonsyllabic "r" in Putonghua either in social phraseology or in linguistic theory.The paper,based on the careful analysis and studies of these misunderstandings , proposes several personal viewpoints as follows: 1. The basic principle that Putonghua absorbs the suffixation of nonsyllabic "r" is universal.2. The use of the suffixation of nonsyllabic "r" is rhetorically standardized . 3. The affx and morphene of " r" ia not always nonsyllabic and soetimes is syllabic. 4. The suffixation of non-syllabic "r" has a complex corresponding relations in standard speech,oral expression,literary language and pronunciation as well and cannot be judged whether is pronounced or not nerely according to its written form.


Wave scattering structures with amplification and dissipation can be modelled by non-Hermitian systems, opening new ways to control waves at small length scales. In this work, we study the phenomenon of topologically protected edge states in acoustic systems with gain and loss. We demonstrate that localized edge modes appear in a periodic structure of subwavelength resonators with a defect in the gain/loss distribution, and explicitly compute the corresponding frequency and decay length. Similarly to the Hermitian case, these edge modes can be attributed to the winding of the eigenmodes. In the non-Hermitian case, the topological invariants fail to be quantized, but can nevertheless predict the existence of localized edge modes.


Silicosis, one of the oldest recorded occupational diseases, is a form of lung disease caused by the inhalation of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) within occupational settings such as quarrying, foundries, potteries and stone masonry. Hence worker exposure studies, involving sampling airborne dust onto a filter for subsequent silica analysis in the laboratory, are often conducted. Laboratories use either X-ray diffraction (XRD) or Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for measurements and follow validated procedures set out in either national regulatory methods or in international consensus standards. But how well do these published methods work in routine occupational hygiene laboratories? The AIR proficiency testing (PT) programme, a partnership between HSE and LGC Standards, offers test items where participants receive samples prepared through the aerosolisation of defined masses of quartz onto air filters. Are there differences between laboratories using direct on filter assays and those that use methods which require a sample preparatory step? Are instrumental measurements by XRD and FTIR comparable? In this presentation, we will attempt to answer these questions using returned PT data.


Human stem cells provide new hopes in the clinical treatment of a number of diseases, are excellent models for tissue and cell differentiation, and serve as the basis of new screening systems for drug development and toxicity. Regenerative medicine makes use of cells that can grow and differentiate to replace a damaged tissue. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are successfully applied for bone marrow transplantation in otherwise lethal clinical conditions, while many other cell-based treatments are still experimental. Based on their basic features, we distinguish two major kinds of stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells, capable of differentiating to all types of the cells of human body, were first derived from early human embryos (HuES) and could be grown to provide cell lines with preserved pluripotent characteristics (Thomson et al., 1998). A recently discovered method of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from differentiated cell types (Takahashi & Yamanaka, 2006) provides a potential to obtain autologous human stem cell lines without using embryonic tissues. In both cases a major concern, regarding therapeutic applications, is the formation of teratomas, consisting of numerous types of partially differentiated tissues (Reubinoff et al., 2000). Another major source of human stem cells is our own body. Although in a relatively small number, the so called "tissue-derived stem cells", sometimes referred to as "adult stem cells", are present throughout our life in various tissues and organs. The "stemness" of these cells, that is their actual stage of differentiation, depends on age, tissue origin and many other still unrecognized conditions. We know that the bone marrow or the cord blood of the neonate contains mostly hematopoietic progenitor cells, the skin, the liver or the intestine has a large number of repopulating epithelial progenitors, and even the muscle or the brain have dormant cells capable of tissue regeneration. Whether our body also contains early cell types similar to the embryonic stem cells, capable of differentiating into any tissue, is still an


Background: Chronic renal failure can give rise to a wide spectrum of oral manifestations, affecting the hard or soft
tissues of the mouth. The majority of affected individuals have disease that does not complicate oral health care. The
main aim of this study is to assess the response to therapy and to determine the radiographic manifestations in teeth
and jaws of individuals with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis and to find possible preventive and
therapeutic strategies.
Materials and methods: Thirty male patients with chronic renal failure who were continuously receiving therapy with
ongoing hemodialysis were included in this study and were divided into two subgroups according to the period of
therapy (those who had renal dialysis for less than a year, and 1 to 2 years). All patients were requested for
panoramic (OPG) radiographs with standardized parameters according to user manual of the machine then
quantify the frequency of abnormal dental and periodontal radiographic findings in both arches i.e. the alveolar
bone resorption, presence of hypercementosis of the roots, lamina dura reduction or loss and dental condition, then
the data were analyzed statistically by comparison with control normal subjects.
Results: It has been established that the duration with the increase the abnormality in dental and periodontal
radiographic findings as alveolar bone resorption, presence of hypercementosis of the roots, lamina dura reduction
or loss, as well as other dental diseases.
Conclusion: Panoramic radiographic view used in this study considers as a good monitor for jaw and dental changes
associated with patients affected with chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis, and the results showed strong
correlation between duration of hemodialysis and all studied variables. Clinicians should use oral health assessment
tools to determine individual treatment and approaches to promote the oral health of patients undergoing
hemodialysis and improve their quality of life.


This invention relates to the reduction of nitrosamines, More particularly, it relates to the reduction of certain disubstituted N-nitrosamines by treatment with a metal and an acid to form the corresponding disubstituted hy drazines. This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 507,484, filed May 10, 1955, now abandoned. The nitrosamines of this invention are the di-lower alkyl nitrosamines of the formula R'R''N-NO where R' and R'' are saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radicals con taining 1 to 8 carbon atoms and certain heterocyclic N nitrosamines such as pyrrollidine, piperidine, and morpho line,


Air route planning is critical in the system of flight terrain avoidance.It is the basis to accomplish the low-altitude flying task.The air route planning for flight terrain avoidance is researched,classify and model the terrain sampled point by using k mean-value algorithm,and set up the feasible point space.And then the Dijkstra algorithm to make initial air route planning is used.Optimizing the air route by using the ant colony algorithm,range of the air route is cut down.Through the simulation,the feasibility and rationality of the scheme are verified.


This study aimed to analyze the educational process of a child with disability. Focused in the learning process and in the positive factors that this coexistence has provided. Participant observation was done in the school for six months, and interviews with key informants. The data show the child has improved positively in his learning. Among the most important facts, we can highlight the positive change in his


Hydroelectric power house metal spiral case periphery structure is below the hydraulic turbine layer inside the two phases concrete scopes the reinforing steel concrete structure,being a space structure that the wholeness is very strong,his bodily form is complicated.Except the available three dimension finite element methods are analysed his space stress state,still there is not the available internal force of accurate method with the calculation periphery structure.Generally still use frame mechanics law calculation internal force on plane in the periphery physical design at present.Some huge currents capacity power stations are big owing to the turning wheel diameter,and spiral case is intake,and the pipe diameter is big,and the seat ring size is small,and even the knot is unreliable to a seat ring place concrete.The as if will be looded around for one not moving and cut with scissors by the seat,and the outer periphery solidifies calculation,and to join in marriage the muscle inadequate probably to the solid end of periphery outside the spiral case.It is fixed admittedly that this text is put forward according to the periphery outside the elasticity thin board theory,and the annular board wall of interior periphery freedom counts.


Ferritic steels have been receiving significant attention for possible use as steam generator tubing, and as alternate structural materials for liquid-metal heat-transport systems in commercial fast reactors, fusion reactors, etc. The materials are chosen on the basis of their high thermal conductivity, resistance to stress-corrosion-cracking in aqueous and steam environments, favorable fabricability and fairly low cost. These steels are available in several classes based on the microstructure and alloy content, viz., martensitics, bainitics, delta ferritics, and duplex steels. The low alloy bainitic steels (Fe-2-1/4Cr-1Mo) undergo extensive decarburization when exposed to high temperature flowing sodium. It is for this reason that ferritic steels with higher chromium (9 to 12% Cr) content have been proposed to minimize the carbon transfer and eventual degradation of mechanical properties. The martensitic steels, HT-9 and improved Fe9Cr1Mo are being considered as cladding/duct materials for liquid metal reactors (LMR). The alloy HT-9 is based on 12Cr1Mo composition. The improved Fe9Cr1Mo alloy is based on 9Cr1Mo composition as its name implies. The objective of the work reported here is to evaluate the sodium compatibility of the alloys at temperatures and flow rates typical of LMR cores. Testing was done for 8104 hours at 60/sup 0/C and 3992 hoursmore » at 650/sup 0/C.« less


A woman aged 48 attended the eye casualty with a 24-hour history of painless loss of vision in her right eye. She had had regular attacks of ocular migraine affecting her right eye since the age of 14. These had always begun with a central bright area with tiny sparks zigzagging across her vision. This became dark and spread within minutes to involve the entire field of vision in the right eye. Each attack lasted for up to one hour but always resolved spontaneously. She had stopped smoking after a myocardial infarction 2 years previously but had resumed after the death of her husband eight months ago. Her regular prescribed medication was aspirin 300 mg, atenolol 100 mg and frusemide 40 mg daily. On examination her Snellen visual acuity was hand movements in the right eye and 6/5 in the left eye with full refractive correction. There was an afferent pupillary defect in the right eye. The ocular media were clear and the intra-ocular pressure was normal and equal in the two eyes. Fundus examination revealed a cherry-red spot at the right macula (Figure 1) and a normal retinal appearance in the left eye. No embolus could be seen anywhere in the arteriolar tree on fluorescein angiography (Figure 2) although arteriolar filling was abnormally delayed to 13s (normal<lOs). All blood investigations, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, full blood count and immunoglobulin screen, were normal. Gastric parietal cell antibodies were present at a titre of 1:80 but no other autoantibodies were detected. A carotid ultrasound examination was reported as showing some attenuation of the Doppler signal, particularly in the left carotid, but Figure 1 Colour fundus photograph of right eye showing cherryred spot at macula. Note the calibre of the retinal arterioles. The disc appearance is typical of moderate myopia


Telecommunication customer churn is considered as major cause for dropped revenue and customer baseline of voice, multimedia and broadband service provider. There is strong need on focusing to understand the contributory factors of churn. Now considering factors from data sets obtained from Pakistan major telecom operators are applied for modeling. On the basis of results obtained from the optimal techniques, comparative technical evaluation is carried out. This research study is comprised mainly of proposition of conceptual frame work for telecom customer churn that lead to creation of predictive model. This is trained tested and evaluated on given data set taken from Pakistan Telecom industry that has provided accurate & reliable outcomes. Out of four prevailing statistical and machine learning algorithm, artificial neural network is declared the most reliable model, followed by decision tree. The logistic regression is placed at last position by considering the performance metrics like accuracy, recall, precision and ROC curve. The results from research has revealed main parameters found responsible for customer churn were data rate, call failure rate, mean time to repair and monthly billing amount. On the basis of these parameter artificial neural network has achieved 79% more efficiency as compare to low performing statistical techniques.


STACLES AND FACILITATORS TO THEIR ESTABLISHMENT AND FUNCTION. Nicole J. Look Hong,*† Frances C. Wright,*†‡ Anna R. Gagliardi,*†‡ Susan E. Bronskil1,*§ Lawrence F. Paszat.*§¶ From the Departments of *Health Policy Management and Evaluation and †Surgery, University of Toronto, the ‡Department of Surgical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, the §Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, and the ¶Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.


Unsuitable mechanical behaviour of cast steel GS-42CrMo4 (EN) was investigated. In this paper the influence of inclusions and pouring temperature on mechanical properties of arm of carrying jaw made of cast steel GS-42CrMo4 (EN) was investigated. It was found that a high content of aluminium caused the formation of aluminium nitride, AlN which significantly decreased the strength of casting. In the process of solidification, enrichment of lamellas of AlN nitride arise on the grain boundaries. Because of low deformability of AlN nitride, initiation of fracture was possible at minimal deformation. The strength of the casting was not being raised by subsequent heat treatment. High pouring temperature and low cooling rates resulted in coarse-grained microstructure of steel casting. Coarse microstructure was not reduced by subsequent heat treatment.


Despite the high material ductility of structural stainless steels and the existence of a Class 1 limit in the European structural stainless steel design code EN 1993-1-4 [1], plastic design is not permitted for stainless steel structures, which leads to uneconomic design. The present paper investigates the applicability of inelastic design procedures to indeterminate stainless steel structures. Five threepoint bending tests and ten two-span continuous beam tests on stainless steel square and rectangular hollow sections are reported herein. Analysis of the results reveals that current design provisions are overly conservative and significant moment redistribution and hence material savings can be achieved if inelastic design procedures are followed at both cross-sectional level and system level.


A Case of Recurrent Gastric Cancer Patient Treated with Dokhwaljihwang-tnggami for Nausea and Vomitting A Gastric Cancer Patient's Case Seong-Kook Jeong, Jeong-Mo Song Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Med, Woosuk Univ. Medical Center Objectives The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the effects of Sasang Constitutional diagnosis and treatment of recurrent gastric cancer patient. Methods Nausea and vomiting of recurrent gastric cancer patient was diagnosed Soyangin Emheooyol Pattern based on their Nature & Emotion, physical characteristics, symptoms. He was medicated dokhwaljihwang-tanggami. Results and Conclusions Nausea and vomiting of recurrent gastric cancer patient who was treated with Dokhwaljihwang-tanggami showed improvement in nausea vomiting appetite loss and general condition. This case study describe the effectiveness on Nausea and vomiting of Recurrent Gastric Cancer Patient by using Dokhwaljihwang-tanggami.


This article analyzes the foundations established in criminal matters for young offenders and their sociological consequences, in the specific case of armed conflict in Colombia and its relationship with the phenomenon of forced recruitment, which would involve the development of prevention policies aimed at this special type of vulnerable population given the characteristics of their environment.


Transthoracic echocardiography showed a severe aortic stenosis and left atrial dilation. Significant left anterior descending artery stenosis and an important dilation of the ascending aorta were found on coronary angiography. The transoesophageal study showed a stenotic bicuspid aortic valve and a mobile isoechoic structure arising from a typical LASP. The three-dimensional images revealed a crescent-shaped mass, significantly larger than the two-dimensional images had anticipated (Fig. 1). We noted the presence of spontaneous contrast


Based on concepts such as attribute measurement and attribute set, Introduced attribute recognition approach to resolve some problems of pattern recognition and introduced attribute clustering arithmetic. Realize this arithmetic by Matlab programming, this programming has achieved quite successful application to the problem of forecasting of futures stock price trend.


Hydrogen has been 'just around the corner' for decades, but now offers serious alternatives for decarbonising global heat, power and transport.


Abstract The interactions of a migrating wake and a separating boundary layer on the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine blade are described. Large-eddy simulations (LES) of the wake passing over the T106 profile for a Reynolds number Re = 7.8 × 104 (based on the axial chord and inlet velocity) are performed. The wake data extracted from precursor LES of flow past a cylinder are used to replace a moving bar that generates wakes in front of a cascade. The three-dimensional, time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in fully covariant form are solved using a symmetry-preserving finite difference scheme of second-order spatial and temporal accuracy. The present LES are compared with experiments and direct numerical simulation. There are differences in the state of the resolved boundary layer; however, in a qualitative sense, the LES results illustrate a separation-induced transition on the suction surface. Prior to the arrival of a wake, the boundary layer on the rear half of the suction surface is inflexional. The excitation of the separated shear layer by convective wakes leads to the formation of coherent vortices by the rollup of the shear layer via the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability. The transition during the wake-induced path is governed by a mechanism that involves the formation and convection of these vortices followed by the production of turbulent kinetic energy inside the K-H rolls.


This paper presents a conceptual review about habitability from three different scopes: 1) the physical-spatial one, which is based on ideas coming from theory of architecture, on the Heidegger' reflection about habiting and building and on the phenomenological notion of space as place; 2) the one related with the dynamics of environmental process which locates habitability as a decisive factor to determinate the urban sustainable development; and 3) the psycho-social one which is structured by etological, psychological and psychosociological interpretations about the relationship between individual and their habitat. The intersection of these three approaches generates a forth perspective which joints the physical factors with psychological and social factors, and the interaction with environmental process. This theoretical review intends to emphasize the importance of thinking of habitability as a global concept, which has to account not only the quantitative aspects of regulations about the inhabitable spaces, but also the biological and psychological features of inhabitants, the pattern of social gathering and the direction of the development model related to the process of habitability production.


With the higher education changing from elite education to mass education,graduate allotting system begins to change radically.The undergraduates have to face more problems and higher pressures,and then the ascent of mental diseases appear.Aim at this situation,the article point out that the best way to solve these problems is to legislate the mental health education.Only legislation can make the mental health education of undergraduates attract deserved attentions,and then make mental health education standardization,rationalization and regularity.With these goals fulfilled,mental health rights of undergraduates can be protected to the greatest degree,the mental resource of constructing harmonious society and innovating country can be ensured.


Calypso (thiacloprid), Poncho (clothianidin), Gaucho (imidacloprid), and Jade (imidacloprid) are commercial neonicotinoid insecticides, a new class of agrochemicals in Mexico. However, genotoxic and cytotoxic studies have not been performed. In the present study, human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of the four insecticides. The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the alkaline comet and trypan blue dye exclusion assays. DNA damage was evaluated using two genotoxicity parameters: tail length and comet frequency. Exposure to 9.5 × 10 to 5.7 × 10 M Jade; 2.8×10 to 1.7×10 M Gaucho; 0.6×10 -1 to 1.4×10 M Calypso; 1.2×10 to 9.5×10 M Poncho for 2 h induced a significant increase DNA damage with a concentration-dependent relationship. Jade was the most genotoxic of the four insecticides studied. Cytotoxicity was observed in cells exposed to 18 × 10 M Jade, 2.0 × 10 -3 M Gaucho, 2.0 × 10 -1 M Calypso, 1.07M Poncho, and cell death occurred at 30 × 10 M Jade, 3.3 × 10 M Gaucho, 2.8 × 10 M Calypso, and 1.42M Poncho. This study provides the first report of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in peripheral blood lymphocytes following in vitro exposure to commercial neonicotinoid insecticides.


They make war against Ukraine not for the sake of protecting Russians, but for a different reason. Freedom is contagious. The people of Ukraine rebelled against the gang of thieves. The fraudsters in the Kremlin cannot sleep at night because they fear that this fire may be passed on to Russia. The criminals in the Kremlin must suppress freedom in Ukraine because it is a vivid example for the peoples of Russia. They must strangle democracy in their neighboring country to protect their stolen billions, to preserve their unlawful power, and their own heads and asses from the wrath of the people. They have nowhere to run.1 Viktor Suvorov


We propose new probabilistic models for the spatial distribution of supply and demand and use the models to determine how the trip length distribution is affected by the relative shortage or excess of supply, the spatial clustering of supply and demand, and the degree of attraction or repulsion between supply and demand at different spatial scales. The models have a multiplicative structure and in certain cases possess scale invariance properties. Using detailed population data in metropolitan US regions validates the demand model. The trip length distribution, evaluated under destination choice models of the intervening opportunities type, has quasi-analytic form.We take advantage of this feature to study the sensitivity of the trip length distribution to parameters of the demand, supply and destination choice models. We find that trip length is affected in important but different ways by the spatial density of potential destinations, the dependence among their attractiveness levels, and the correlation between supply and demand at different spatial scales.


Introduction Why: One of the key objectives of every owner of a hydro plant is to maximize its output, either by operating the units at their optimum efficiency or, if conditions dictate, by rehabilitating the old inefficient units or even replacing them with new ones. In order to evaluate the results of these activities, both before and after performance of each unit must be known. Performance testing requires absolute flow measurement, and for low-head units with short intakes this has until recently been sufficiently impractical and expensive that it could rarely be justified. Calls for new, simplified yet accurate absolute flow measurement methods for low-head plants with short intakes have over the last 40 years been numerous (1 3).


Introduction: Some personality traits and characteristics are "subclinical threshold" that their intensity in an individual is not as much as clinical personality disorders but they can cause various abnormalities. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship and role of immature defense mechanisms in predicting the dark triad personality traits. Method: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on the population of individuals referring to vaccination centers in Sanandaj city in 2020-2021. Out of these individuals, 282 were selected as the sample population. The research instruments were the Andrews' Defense Styles Questionnaire (1993) and Paulhus's Short Dark Tetrad (2021). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling, and stepwise regression analysis with SPSS version 23 and Amos version 26 software. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between immature defense mechanisms and the dark triad personality traits (P≤0.05). Moreover, the structural model results showed that immature defense mechanisms explained 81% of the dark traits. According to the regression results, splitting (β=0.271, P≤0.01), denial (β=0.168, P≤0.01), and omnipotence (β=0.142, P≤0.05) were better predictors of dark triad personality traits than other defense mechanisms. Conclusion: The use of immature defense mechanisms can predict dark personality traits. By recognizing the impact of defense mechanisms on personality traits and emphasizing psychological training and helping them become self-aware, it can be expected that dark personality traits will also decrease.


The 1977 National Dam Inspection Program determined that many high-hazard dams in the United States were incapable of passing a probable maximum flood (PMF). Retrofitting these dams was estimated to cost at least $10 billion. Since the PMF is revised upward periodically, retrofit is a continual issue. But surviving a PMF is a more stringent safety criterion than preventing other sources of dam failure; in addition, it is more stringent than safety criteria for other structures with respect to wind, earthquakes, or storm surges. This higher safety goal has large social costs. We propose an alternative safety goal, separating property damage from possible loss of lives. For a proposed dam whose failure could cause large loss of life or property damage, a careful evaluation should be done as to whether the dam should be built. For dams that impose smaller hazards, property damage should be handled by an analysis based on expected values of annualized benefits and costs. An adjustment for scale could be used if the property damage were extremely large. Danger to lives should be handled by establishing programs to warn and evacuate people. Our proposal should (1) lead to less injury and death, (2) use society's limited resources more efficiently, and (3) put the determination of safety goals on a more scientific and sensible basis.


This paper reviews the various interests in land which the resource industry may ac quire from the Crown and freehold owners and the right of the industry to expropriate such interests in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan and under the federal legislation. There follows an analysis of the principles and methods of determining com pensation for such expropriated rights, particularly in light of recent judicial decisions. Finally the authors consider the new developments which may arise as a result of pro posals to amend the federal National Energy Board Act and the possible recommenda tions of the Select Legislative Committee on Surface Rights in AIberta.


The acoustics apparatus found in the Physics Department of the Case School of Applied Science in the first decades of the 20th century included many items common to other acoustical teaching laboratories, such as organ pipes, tuning forks, Helmholtz resonators, sirens, and manometric flame sound analyzers. The European instrument makers Rudolf Koenig and Max Kohl supplied much of this. Equipment built at Case included the phonodeik, which Dayton C. Miller designed in 1908, and the waveform synthesizer. Miller supplied detailed descriptions of the operations of all this equipment in papers and books. In the phonodeik (to show sound), sound deflects a thin glass diaphragm, which by a silk thread turns a mirror on an axle, causing a spot of light to move across film or a projection screen. A working model of the phonodeik has been reconstructed from pieces of two original ones, and will be demonstrated. Photographs of other extant instruments in the collection, and a selection from Millers lantern slides, wi...


Objective To discuss the relations of adrenomedullin,neuron specific enolase and creatine kinaes BB isozyme in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Methods ADM,NSE and CK-BB were tested on 57 neonates with clinical diagnosis of HIE in 12 hours after birth,then compared with 62 asphyxial neonates without HIE and 27 healthy neonates. Results The concentrations of ADM,NSE and CK-BB in neonates with HIE are obviously higher than those in asphyxial group and control group(average P0.01),and increased markedly with the severity of HIE(average P0.01); the correlation analysis indicates that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of ADM in neonate with HIE and NSE or CK-BB(r=0.471,P0.01;r=0.619,P0.01); also between NSE and CK-BB (r=0.512,P0.01).Conclusion ADM,NSE and CK-BB could predict the brain injury early in neonates with HIE,which probably represents consistent association in the compensatory reaction of HIE,it would be helpful for early diagnosis and ruling out diagnosis.


Automotive interior has become the next battleground for quality, customer satisfaction and emotional appeal. As an integral part of vehicle interior, operating quality of switches has a direct impact on the customer's overall perception of quality. As of today, work in switch design and engineering has focused primarily on visual appeal, ergonomics and functionality while limited work has been done to understand and design switches that "feel" pleasurable to operate. As a result, specifications concerning the switch-feel are incomplete or ineffective and our automotive switches typically lack good and consistent operating feel. Switch-feel "quality" is affected by how sensory input is processed by the user, and as such, it falls into the category of perceptual quality. To effectively meet the challenge of engineering high quality switch-feel we present a novel approach based on perceptual design. With perceptual design the sensory pleasure of a product is considered as a forefront design objective rather than a bi-product of the traditional functionality and usability centered product design and development practice [1]. Our methodology employs several well-established science and engineering disciplines to gain knowledge of perceptual data, its relationship with physical stimuli, and the human sensitivity to such physical stimuli. Haptics simulators were developed to generate a wide range of switch-feel for use in our psychophysical studies. Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) was used to identify the main components of human perception of switch-feel. Threshold analysis was carried out to determine how sensitive humans are in detecting changes of these parameters. A Design of Experiment (DOE) preference study was used to develop "Quality Functions" that map switch-feel physical parameters to subjective, perceived quality. New switch-feel specifications were created based on our perceptual design work. A switch-feel measurement system was also developed to verify whether the feel of a physical switch actually meets our specifications. We applied perceptual design to a production vehicle program to improve the operating feel of its climate control switches. The results demonstrated that it was effective in delivering good, pleasurable switch-feel, and at the same time, improved our engineering efficiency.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


This article describes the formalization of the signal protocol for the organization of audio and video calls via the Internet using the automata theory; the elements of the theory demonstrate the work of this protocol more clearly. Now, the Internet is an integral part of everyday life and messaging apps allow making audio and video calls. The signal protocol is the most important part in organization of such interaction and allows making a connection between users. Therefore, its formalization is actual for nowadays. The interpretation of this protocol on the non-deterministic event-driven automata allows to show its organization, all factors and problems which could be faced by developer more clearly.


Favilli and Biancalani1-2 prepared from Br. melitensis, Br. abortus and Br. paramelitensis* substances of a carbohydrate nature which gave chemical and immunological reactions similar to those of polysaccharides obtained from other organisms by various workers. These extracts contained 3*^ to 4.46(^o nitrogen. They found that the polysaccharide extracts from the three above organisms of the Brucella group were precipitated non-specifically by the three antiserums. The preparations from Br. melitensis and Br. paramelitensis gave a positive precipitin reaction in low dilutions, 1:400 to 1:800. An extract obtained later from Br. abortus was active in higher dilution, i.e., 1:128,000. Likewise, Topping3 isolated carbohydrate fractions from several strains of Br. melitensis and Br. abortus which precipitated with both these homologous antiserums, nonspecifically, in low dilution, 1:2,000. Huddleson and his coworkers4 prepared from Br. melitensis, Br. abortus and Br. suis, polysaccharide substances which in the "crude" preparations gave a precipitate with immune serum, but which after further purification and dialysis gave negative precipitin tests. They reported the presence of two polysaccharides, Ci from Br. melitensis, and C2 from Br. abortus, while both occurred in Br. suis. In addition, a third polysaccharide, "S" substance was found in Br. melitensis. These preparations contained O^*^ to 1.0(^ nitrogen. The crude UC" extracts from Br. abortus and Br. suis, were serologically active in low dilutions only 1:100 to 1:800 but some of the "S" substance from Br. melitensis gave positive precipitin reactions in dilution of 1:102,400, presumably with homologous antiserums. They stated "In studying the precipitation of protein and carbohydrate fractions with numerous serums, specific differences invariably were found to be a property of the serum, not of the antigen," and further "All C2 preparations and Ci preparations when nearly free from nitrogen were biologically inactive." In a recent paper Hershey, Huddleson and Pennell5 reported that the "S" substance earlier found present only in Br. melitensis occurs in all three Brucella


The invention relates to a processor resource control system for client terminal equipment. When a voice communication request of a user is received, a current resource utilization rate of a processor of client terminal equipment is obtained and whether the current resource utilization rate of the processor is at a high level is determined. If so, the system establishes two virtual channels to carry out shunting on a network bandwidth of the client terminal equipment, wherein one virtual channel is used for establishing voice communication and the other one is used for transmitting packets with other types. Therefore, other packets entering the client terminal equipment are limited, so that enough processor resources are left for voice data processing in the voice communication. In addition, the invention also provides a processor resource control method for client terminal equipment. With the system and the method, the voice communication quality is ensured.