A number of approaches and tools exist that extract and visualize the changes between two versions of a file and thereby help developers to understand them. DiffViz is an interactive visualization tool that visualizes the changes independent from the differencing algorithm. It supports, but is not limited to, a granularity on the level of abstract syntax trees. Furthermore, it provides several new features, such as node matching and the mini-map, to navigate and analyze the changes. A demo of the installation and example usage of the tool is available here: https://youtu.be/RF93ey9GYoc


We demonstrate a controllable non-reciprocity via in-band transitions of photons mediated by second-order parametric nonlinear processes, and propose a dynamic optical isolator based on directional geometric phase-shifts controlled by a single pump.


Isotopic reference material IRMM-3101 was prepared by mixing of solutions from highly enriched 99.96% U (IRMM-3630), 99.994% U (IRMM-3650), 99.97% U (IRMM-3660) and 99.99998% U (IRMM-3680) in order to obtain an isotopic ratio n(U)/n(U)/n(U)/n(U) close to unity. IRMM-3100 and IRMM-3102 were prepared from IRMM-3101 by gravimetrical dilution. The certified isotope amount ratio for ratio n(U)/n(U) has been established by mass metrology and was verified by isotope mass spectrometry. The methodology used in the preparation and certification was similar to that of comparable uranium mixtures made in the past. The certified ratios n(U)/n(U), (U)/n(U) and (U)/n(U) have been achieved by TIMS using the n(U)/n(U) as internal standard. Verification of the Quad isotopic reference material was performed on two independent TRITON by TIMS multidynamic measurements on Faraday collectors. The results agreed well with the certified values obtained from the mixing calculations. The Isotopic Reference Materials IRMM-3100, IRMM-3101 and IRMM-3102 are part of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations. The Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a polyethylene ampoule containing 1 mL of a 1 M nitric acid solution.. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. LA N A 2543EN C 9 7 8 9 2 7 9 1 0 3 2 6 1 ISBN 978-92-79-10326-1


Abstract : The document states that during the last fifty years the USSR has attained an extraordinarily high level in the development of the national economy, culture, and science. New scientific and engineering disciplines were developed, and scientific research centers were founded. Scientific instrumentation has become the researchers' tools. Nuclear physics has discovered Cherenkov radiation, the supervolatility of helium, and the spontaneous division of the nucleus. A greater emphasis is being placed on energy systems, chemistry, data processing, and communications facilities. The high-mountain scientific stations and artificial earth satellites have added much to the theory of cosmic radiation.


Accounting information systems are evolving along with modern information technology, which opens up countless opportunities to expand the intellectual, scientific and professional potential, contributing to the culture and "language" of accounting, professional principles extend beyond one country. However, differences in national and regional accounting systems still persist and reflect not only a diversity of accounting policy views but also deeper structural differences rooted in legal, financial and social systems. The Islamic (partner) accounting model appears to be the least studied and, at the same time, the most different from other accounting models. The economy of Islamic states is an important part of the world economy, so Islamic and other companies operating or investing in an Islamic institutional environment have a direct interest in proper disclosure of accounting information. The major goal of the research is to find similarities and differences between the IFRS and Islamic banking and to prove that it's beneficial in the modern Islamic countries. In order to assess and compare the IFRS and the Islamic banking practices the authors used comparative analysis and empirical study of the major parts of the both accounting systems. The major findings include the proof of the positive role of Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) which develops norms of convergence of International financial accounting standards (IFRS) and AAOIFI, and the proof that Islamic banking is based on the Sharia and Islamic ethics, but can be based on other principles that are not contrary to Sharia. The authors have come to a conclusion that zakat (religious tax for the poor and needy) is a positive social external effect, and that Islamic accounting is characterized by greater disclosure than traditional accounting.


The Lorentz Transformation (LT) is an arbitrary and poorly conceived mathematical tool designed to make Maxwell's electromagnetism conform to Galilean relativity, which formed the basis of classical mechanics and physics. A strange combination of this transform with an axiomatic assumption by Albert Einstein that the velocity of light c is an absolute and universal constant has led to an idealist, geometrical and phenomenological view of the universe, that is at variance with objective reality. This conundrum that has lasted for more than hundred years has led to rampant mysticism and has impaired the development of positive knowledge of the universe. The present reconstruction of LT shows that the gamma term, which fueled mysticism in physics and cosmology is, on the contrary, a natural outcome of the subjective geometrical rendition of the speed of light and the idealist unification of abstract space and time into a 4D "spacetime" manifold; by Minkowski and Einstein. Only a materialist dialectical perspective of space and time can rid physics of all mysticism arising out of LT; from the quantum to the cosmic.


We report calorimetric data for the size-dependence of the melting temperature as well as the enthalpy and entropy of melting for nanoscale Pb particles in an Al matrix, prepared by high energy ball-milling. The results are discussed with respect to various models for the melting of small confined systems. We can rule out models based on a temperature-independent Gibbs excess free energy of the particle-matrix interface, and a model based on an increased meansquare displacement of the interfacial layer. The best agreement to the data is provided by modeling the interface as an inert layer of finite thickness, which does not participate in the phase transition.


Qtopia is an embedded window system and application set which basing on QT/Embedded development and it's the mainstream solution in handling the embedded GUI application.According to Qtopia's open-source does not support the chinese display,this paper further studied and implemented the chinesization of Qtopia environment and GUI applications under the Linux operation system.


We report an association between renal artery stenosis and papillary necrosis. We studied three kidneys with renal artery stenosis, two of which showed ipsilateral acute papillary necrosis. In all three cases there had been a sudden fall in perfusion of the ischaemic kidney. In the case with intact papillac, immunostainable renin was normal in amount and distribution, whereas both kidneys with papillary necrosis showed hyperplasia of renin‐containing cells, and these were mainly in the JGAs of the juxtamedullary cortex. Since the contralateral kidneys were spared, we suggest that in an ischaemic kidney with hyperplasia of renin‐secreting cells in the deep cortex, local activation of the renin‐angiotensin system could cause acute papillary necrosis due to vasoconstriction.


Volatile compounds in samples collected at different stages during the fermentation of sufu were extracted and analyzed by solid phase micro-extraction(SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The results showed that 110 volatile compounds were isolated and identified, which included 41 esters, 19 aldehydes, 12 ketones, 12 alcohols, 9 acids, 9 hydrocarbons and 8 other compounds. Volatile composition differed significantly across various processing stages. More volatile compounds were detected as the fermentation proceeded. The relative contents of aldehydes were decreased significantly after Mucor fermentation, whereas the relative contents and kinds of esters and alcohols were increased. As the post-fermentation proceeded, the relative contents of aldehydes, acids and esters were increased gradually. Among these volatile compounds, caproaldehyde, 2-phenylethanale, nonanal, dipentene, ethyl caproate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl valerate, ethyl octanoate, 2-amylfuran and allyl methyl disulphide had an important contribution to the flavor of sufu during the fermentation process.


Current Classification algorithms require large amounts of data to be stored enduringly in the memory for long assortment and amount of time. Diverse classification techniques had been already proposed in the literature for both in the run of the mill environment and distributed environment. Mining of decision trees in the distributed environment can be able to handle the large amount of data but with high communication cost. A new distributed communication decision tree algorithm is proposed here which reduces the communication cost for the transmission of the data in the distributed and heterogeneous environment.


This paper proposes a technique for simultaneously monitoring the thickness of a SiO2 thin film and the temperature of a Si substrate. This technique uses low-coherence interferometry and has the potential to be used for online monitoring of semiconductor manufacturing processes. In low-coherence interferometry, when the optical path length of a layer is shorter than the coherence length of the light source, the two interference at the top and bottom interfaces of the layer overlap each other. In this case the detected peak position of the interference is shifted from the actual interface, resulting in an error in the temperature measurement, since the temperature is derived from the optical path length of the layer. To improve the accuracy of the temperature measurement, the effect of the overlapping interference was compensated by measuring the SiO2 thickness. The thickness of the Si substrate was 750 μm and the thickness of the SiO2 film was varied between 0 and 2 μm. The SiO2 thickness, which is short...


In this study, I research about extensions and changes of user experience by using smartphone from the point of conceptual metaphor based on embodied cognition and the remediation characteristics. The result of this study is as follow; The first, container schema and path schema as center image schema of the conceptual metaphor are a proper theories to be mapped user experience by using smartphone because of including embodied schema structure by human physical experience. The second, user experience of smartphone in the point of remediation is remediated by smartphone. And physical space is rededicated and interacted to behavior space by the user experience. The third, the conceptual metaphor of smartphone UX activate container chema through implicit interaction and has transparent immediacy to ingenerate existence of media. The forth, path schema that is activated from explicit interaction makes users to experience hypermediacy. Conceptual metaphor and remediation in this study could be used to theoretical framework and to explain new user experience from using smartphone.


Objective:
To clarify the clinicopathological features of anti-cytoplasmic 5' -nucleotidase 1A (NT5c1A) positive patients in the group of patients with CD8-MHC-1 complex pathology.
Background:
NT5c1A, an abundant skeletal muscle enzyme, is playing a role in DNA repair and autoantibodies recognizing it were found in some sIBM patients. Both sIBM and PM are characterized by endomysial infiltrates of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes invading major histocompatibility class I expressing non-necrotic muscle fibers (CD8-MHC-1 complex). Some patients, who have diagnosed as PM, later develop sIBM and we also detected the intermediary group who has CD8-MHC-1 complex and shows distal muscle weakness without meeting the criteria of sIBM. So it is needed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic utility of anti-NT5c1A antibody in the group of people with CD8-MHC-1 complex.
Methods:
Serum samples of patients with the CD8-MHC-1 complex (n=71), DM (n=18), necrotizing myopathy (n=8), other myositis patients (n=24), multiple sclerosis (MS n=10), Alzheimer's disease (AD n=6), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE n=2), and Sjogren's syndrome (SjS n=5) were analyzed for the presence of autoantibodies with ELISA. Cut-off value was set at 3SDs above the mean of 12 healthy volunteers (HVs) serums.
Results:
NT5c1A antibodies were detected in 24 of 71(34[percnt]) patients with CD8-MHC-1complex (Clinicopathologically defined IBM(14/38),Clinically defined IBM(4/8), Probable IBM(1/8), Intermediary(3/7), PM (2/10)), DM (1/18), necrotizing myopathy (1/8), other myositis (2/24), MS (4/10) and AD (1/8) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-NT5c1A antibody seropositivity for being sIBM were 35[percnt] and 86[percnt], respectively. Among the seropositive patients with CD8-MHC-1 complex, treatments were effective in two PM and three intermediary patients while no one responded to treatments in the sIBM group.
Conclusions:
There were no significant difference in the rate of anti-NT5c1A antibody positivity among the patients with sIBM, PM and intermediary group. Seropositivity doesn't associate with the treatment ineffectiveness in the patients with CD8-MHC-1 complex. Disclosure: Dr. Ikenaga has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maeda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tsuji has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shimizu has nothing to disclose.


abstract:This article investigates the formal dimensions of "post-truth" as a discourse. Specifically, I read post-truth as symptom, not as an "era" or "world." The emergence of this symptom, the post-truth signifier, directs our attention to an anxiety regarding the desire for truth, rather than its presence or absence in public discourse. Based on Jacques Lacan's theory of discourse in Seminar XVII: The Other Side of Psychoanalysis, I argue that the emergence of the term "post-truth" in the popular vernacular epitomizes a masculinized discourse of hysteria. To outline the formal features of post-truth discourse, I draw upon an early use of the term "post-truth" in a 1992 article of the Nation written by screenwriter and playwright Steve Tesich. The article concludes by consulting the critical psychoanalytic writings of Hélène Cixous and Luce Irigaray to better specify the uniquely masculine form of post-truth hysteria and its implications for public discourse.


The amorphous Mg0.94La0.06Ni alloy was synthesized by ball milling for different time at 400 r*min-1. Electrochemical performances of the alloy electrodes were investigated and the results show that the specimens would reach their maximum electrochemical discharge capacities at the first charge/discharge cycle. The cyclic tests and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that discharge capacities would decrease rapidly due to the crystallization of the amorphous and the oxidization of magnesium on the particle surface during the electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. In addition, the DTA and SEM results reveal that the thermal stabilities will be improved and the size of the alloy will be decreased with the ball-milling time. The amorphous Mg0.96La0.04Ni alloy prepared by ball milling for 40 h at 400 r*min-1 shows the best electrochemical properties.


Today, it is a widely shared objective to provide seamless door-to-door multimodal mobility for passengers. This is a key priority for SNCF, France's historical national rail group. Despite many technological improvements, continuity of service is not guaranteed and travelers still endure high transaction costs through having to deal with multiple providers. In this paper we investigated what could be a business model for a door-to-door mobility operator who would take care of the traveler's intermodal door-to-door journey. We showed that the door-to-door concept responds to various objectives and encompasses a variety of demand functions. The principal function of door-to-door is to make it possible to make a journey from A to B using a sequence of transportation modes. Examples of existing door-to-door business models depict different ways of positioning oneself in the value network. From selected case studies, we derived three contrasting business models which operate on the principle of platform mediated markets, namely the integrated, the platform and the network distributed model. They reflect distinct firm's attitude towards adaptation to innovation. We show that involving local players allows increasing the end user surplus and that platform openness is a condition of success.


TIJUANA BIBLES: ART AND WIT IN AMERICA'S FORBIDDEN FUNNIES, 1930s‐1950s edited by Bob Adelman (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997—124.00, ISBN 0–684–83461–8, 160 pp.) HOGARTH AND HIS TIMES: SERIOUS COMEDY by David Bindman (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997—$45.00/29.95, ISBN 0–520–21299–1 hard, 0–520–21300–9 paper, 208 pp., photos) FOR THE LOVE OF PRAGUE by Gene Deitch (Prague: Peter Lemkin, 1997— $20.00, ISBN 80–7205–467–8) ART IN MOTION: ANIMATION AESTHETICS by Maureen Furniss (Sydney: John Libbey, 1998—$24.95, ISBN 1–86462–038–2) GEORGE GROSZ: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY by George Grosz, translated by Nora Hodges (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998—$17.95, paper, ISBN 0–520–21327–0) CARTOONING AND COMIC ART IN SOUTHEAST ASIA edited by John Lent (Singapore: Times Academic Press, Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 25:1, special issue [1997]—$26.50, ISSN 0303–8246, ISBN 981–210–111‐X, 166 pp., illustrations, references) COMIC ART IN ASIA: HISTORICAL, LITERARY, AND POLITICAL ROOTS edite...


THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF FROZEN SOILS-STRENGTH, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, DIELECTRIC CONSTANT, AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY-ARE AFFECTED BY THE PHASE COMPOSITION OF WATER IN SOIL I.E., THE RATIO OF UNFROZEN WATER TO ICE. THE MAIN FACTORS DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF UNFROZEN WATER ARE TEMPERATURE, SURFACE AREA, AND SALT CONTENT. MINOR FACTORS ARE MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND PRESSURE. THE AMOUNT OF UNFROZEN WATER IN FROZEN SOILS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CAN BE CALCULATED, USING A THERMODYNAMIC TREATMENT, FOR CLAYS FROM SWELLING PRESSURE DATA, AND FOR GRANULAR SOILS FROM MOISTURE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. THE CALCULATED DATA SHOW GOOD AGREEMENT WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA. THE UNFROZEN FILM CONDUCTS WATER AND IONS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS, ELECTRICAL GRADIENTS, AND EXTERNAL PRESSURE DIFFERENCES. THE RATE OF MIGRATION DEPENDS ON THE SURFACE AREA AND THE THICKNESS OF THE FILM OF UNFROZEN WATER. SINCE THE THICKNESS OF THE FILM DECREASES WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURE, THE RATE OF MIGRATION OF WATER THROUGH FROZEN SOILS RAPIDLY INCREASES AS THE FREEZING POINT IS APPROACHED. /AUTHOR/


This study investigates the voluntary intellectual capital disclosure of companies in Australia and Hong Kong, where intellectual capital reporting is purely voluntary. The authors consider the need for some level of international standardisation and the implications for policy setting. They recognise that further research is required to establish a consensus between business about the need to report, what to report, and how to report it.


BACKGROUND
Interpretation of positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the first trimester of pregnancy is ill-defined. We aimed to quantify the risk of fetal transmission in women with positive CMV IgM in the first trimester.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort of women (2009-2011) was tested for CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM before 14 weeks of gestation. IgG avidity was tested with 2 assays (LIAISON and VIDAS). CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, or neonatal urine at birth.

RESULTS
A total of 4931 consecutive women were screened; 201 presented with positive or equivocal IgM and with high, intermediate, or low IgG avidity in 58.7%, 18.9%, and 22.3%, respectively. In 72 women with low or intermediate avidity, fetal transmission was 23.6%. In multivariate analysis, positive CMV PCR in maternal serum, decreasing avidity index with both LIAISON and VIDAS, and low IgG titers were all associated with fetal transmission (odds ratio [OR], 12.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.77-86.33], P = .011; OR, 0.16 [95% CI, .03-.95], P = .044; OR, 0.54 [95% CI, .11-.88], P = .028; and OR, 0.27 [95% CI, .29-.84], P = .010, respectively).

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates a significant association between the risk of vertical transmission and the avidity index combined with CMV PCR in maternal serum or IgG titers. This allows calculation of incremental risk of fetal transmission upon which informed choice can be based and could lead to a better pickup rate of fetal infection while decreasing unnecessary invasive procedures.


The study addresses the role of the Mont-GenA¨vre road-system and Cottian Alps district during the Roman period. The idea of a vast preroman kingdom ruled by Cottius is criticized, as well as his alleged hostility to Rome. The promotion of five cities to municipal status seems to have helped the development of pastoralism and of transhumance with Italy. Commercial traffic.... In the IVth and Vth centuries, the Cottian Alps appear as an element of an 'alpine limes'.... The Roman road across the pass of Lautaret has been revisited and two other possible routes across the Petit Mont-Cenis and over the pass of La Madeleine have been explored.


ponent into his theory of moral action. The upshot of her discussion is that contemporary liberal moral theory's treatment of moral crisis, as characterized by these two prominent philosophers, can be revised and improved by taking lessons from Green. This essay adds to the two general aims underlying the treatment of Green's normative philosophy in this volume: one is to show that taking it up can reshape and enrich our understanding of current debates and problems in contemporary moral and political philosophy; the other is to show that Green's normative thought cannot be summarily dismissed due to its association with some of his speculative metaphysical and epistemological views. Whether or not one takes Green to be a source of philosophical inspiration, which I most certainly do, particularly with respect to his conceptions of rights, freedom, and the nature of a liberal society, there is no denying that this volume makes the best overall case for why we should take the philosophy of Thomas Hill Green seriously. I strongly recommend this book, even if it is a more sympathetic treatment of Green than some critics might care for.


MODERN POLLEN AND VEGETATION IN THE LOW BASIN OF COLORADO RIVER, SOUTHWEST OF BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA. In order to determine modern analogues for fossil pollen sequences associated with archaeological sites in the lower Colorado river basin (southwest of Buenos Aires Province), the modern pollen-vegetation-climate relationships were evaluated. The study conducted through vegetation samples, pollen percentage diagrams and cluster analysis included surface samples, located at the northern and southern parts of the basin. Six plant communities (halophyte steppe, xerophytic woodland, grassland with xerophytic woodland elements, ruderal, halophiles/ gramineous grassland and hydrophytic) were determined. The pollen spectrum was dominated by Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae families. Most of the vegetation and pollen refl ected the local communities as part of the Espinal Province (Calden District), recording a greater infl uence from the Pampean region (Pampas grassland-Espinal ecotone) under sub humid-dry weather at north of the basin, and greater infl uence with the Monte Province (Monte-Espinal ecotone), linked to semi-arid climatic conditions to the south. Non-pollen microfossils (spores of fungi and algae) and taphonomic analysis complemented the study.


We consider the problem of reporting events using wireless sensor networks. To reduce the data volume generated by each event, the correlated data from the (neighboring) nodes that detect the event must be brought together to be processed and compressed before relaying the result across several hops to the data sink. This process is supported by an aggregation tree, which specifies the flow of information towards the sink. For efficiency, aggregation trees should compress the data close to their sources. We propose two solutions to the event-triggered reporting problem. Firstly, we propose the first protocol to use a staggered schedule in the construction of the aggregation tree. Due to the use of such a schedule, our protocol divides the tree-construction time by roughly the number of hops in the network, and this advantage comes only at the expense of a small degradation of the quality of the obtained aggregation tree. Secondly, we consider a multi-hop cluster-based topology with fixed aggregation points. This topology is appropriate for large networks with unreliable radio links. We approximate the optimal cluster size distribution and evaluate the improvement over a uniform cluster size distribution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The content of palmitic acid in honeycomb is determined by gas chromatography and taken as index for the monitoring of the honeycomb quality. The method is simple. The degree of accuracy and correctness has met the analytic reqest of gas chromalography analysis.


The modern architecture movement happened in the 1910~1920s is now far away. Today even the works several years after this period had also been put into the history of modern architecture. While this movement is so colorful, nowadays we can still feel the pioneers' efforts in exploring for the spirit of the time through reviewing their works. And their works and essays are interpretted over and over. This essay interpreted several important concepts in the evolving process of modern space form, trying to outline the silhouette of space form evolvement in modern architecture.


Abstract The present research investigates the use of biocolorants (Anthocyanin and chlorophyll) extracted from Cinnamomum camphora waste/fallen leaves to develop natural and beautiful shades on wool fibers. Simple aqueous extraction followed by the evaluation of build-up properties using binary metal combinations (ferrous sulfate/Fe, copper sulfate/Cu, and aluminum potassium sulfate/Al) as mordants were studied in due course of this study. The dyeing was carried out by the exhaust dyeing method and the dyed samples were analyzed through reflectance spectroscopy in terms of color strength, CIELAB, and CIELCH values. The results showed that overall 19 shades of different hue and tone were produced. A comparative colorimetric analysis of characteristic variables between single and mix metal mordanted samples was also done. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the significant differences between individual components and synergetic role in two different combinations. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to find out any positive or negative correlation between different combinations.


Sree S Kolli Wasim Haidari Steven R Feldman 1Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, WinstonSalem, NC, USA; 2Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; 3Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Dear editor Kowalski et al describe various treatment approaches to achieve better outcomes in treatment-resistant prurigo nodularis in an article entitled, "Treatment-resistant prurigo nodularis: challenges and solutions." Many excellent approaches are suggested, but the issue of nonadherence to topical therapies may be an overlooked issue commonly contributing to "treatment-resistance." Often, in the face of "resistant" disease, patients may be prescribed more complicated or risky treatment regimens that make adherence even more difficult. Such strategies may not be the most effective ones when poor adherence underlies seemingly treatment-resistant prurigo nodularis. Treatment-resistance can often be overcome by measures that improve adherence. Even patients with severe, refractory atopic dermatitis respond rapidly to midpotency topical corticosteroids applied in the inpatient setting. Prurigo nodularis is often secondary to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. In patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis that was "resistant" to topical corticosteroids, all patients treated with an easy to use topical corticosteroid spray improved rapidly when coupled with adherence promoting measures (telephone reminders, patient education and frequent office visits). Adherence to topical treatments is bad in the short-term and abysmal in the long-term. Perhaps one of the best approaches when faced with treatmentresistant disease is to simplify the treatment regimen and encourage good use of treatment, or better yet, bring patients in to assure the treatment is administered.


In response to the second of the 23 problems which Hilbert asked of the mathematical community in 1900, Kurt Gödel showed that every consistent mathematical system contains propositions which are undecidable, that is, which can neither be proved true nor proved false within that system. Hilbert later posed the following question: given a proposition expressed in some closed mathematical system, is there an algorithm which will determine whether there exists a proof of that proposition from the axioms of the system? This is a question which may be asked of any formal system, and it came to be known as the Entscheidungsproblem, or "decision" problem, for that system. The result that Church showed, and which we describe below, definitively and negatively answered this question. He showed the existence of several problems for which no algorithm could exist. As is the way with such proofs, he uses a clever diagonal argument. The setting in which Church presents his proofs is his own model of computation—the lambda calculus. Turing completed his famous work, which ran along parallel lines, just a few weeks after Church published his paper. Turing's conclusions regarding the Entscheidungsproblem were the same as Church's. One might be curious, then, why Turing's model of computation has been preserved to this day. In fact the accepted model of computation, and the model for the modern computer, is the machine of Turing. Church's model is only applied in certain very high level programming languages such as Lisp, Scheme, and Haskell. The clearest reason for Turing's success is the simplicity of his model. It is a very intuitive notion that any algorithm may be expressed as a program for a Turing machine; it is not so intuitive that any algorithm may be expressed in terms of mathematical constructs like recursive functions. In this paper, we will investigate Church's work, starting with the birth of the lambda calculus as a system of formal logic, and ending with his famous results on the Entscheidungsproblem.


Commercial pressures have weakened the adoption of regulatory measures designed to safeguard the interests of the public in the communications sector. Regulators have been drawn into leaving aside the protection of citizenship interests and adopting a perception of the public exclusively as economic actors. In the absence of "heightened public interest requirements,"1 the safeguarding of citizenship-related concerns is nothing more than an ongoing Sisyphean struggle. Any attempt to protect these interests is rolling into the "abyss of unbridled commercialism."2 Professor Anthony Varona has asserted that the United States is witnessing an "increased commodification of viewers"3 in a legal context in which the market players seem to set the rules of the game. This article assesses the extent to which a similar phenomenon is taking place within the context of the United Kingdom. I will focus on the regulation of digital television (DTV) infrastructure. I intend to demonstrate that the concerns identified by Professor Varona in relation to


A series of fluorescent ion indicators were tested for their spectral response to submicromolar levels of 13 divalent and trivalent metal ions in aqueous solution. Upon binding their target ions, these fluorescent compounds exhibit changes in fluorescence emission intensity that are easily detectable, making them useful for direct the detection of soluble heavy metal ions including Hg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+. The fluorescence response of these indicators to ion binding results from photoinduced electron transfer effects, fluorophore/quencher interactions, fluorescence quenching by heavy metal ions or a combination of these processes. The majority of the indicators we tested bind their target ions reversibly with dissociation constants (Kd) near 1 (mu) M (approximately 1 ppm) and detection limits near 100 nM (approximately 100 ppb) at pH 7. However, several indicators exhibit very high affinity for their target ion; for example, Magnesium GreenTM binds Zn2+ with a Kd near 20 nM. All the indicators synthesized and tested are based on water-soluble fluorophores that have high fluorescence quantum yields (from 0.3 to 0.7) and can be excited with an Ar laser, fluorometer or hand- held UV lamp. Furthermore, the excitation and emission spectra of these indicators are insensitive to pH changes over the range of 5 to 10, as well as to high concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. These properties make the indicators useful for the direct measurement of metal ions in solutions, such as biological fluids, sea water and waste streams, that contain high concentrations of salts.


This research work is dedicated to studying the dynamics of a coupled plankton-oxygen model in the framework of three non-linear differential equations. As we know that the ocean dynamics have a firm impact on the global climate change and on the creation of the environment. Also, it is recorded that about 70% of the environmental oxygen is manufactured in the oceans due to the photosynthetic bustling of phytoplankton. All the same, the rate of oxygen manufacture based on the temperature of the water and hence can be dominance by global warming. To study the proposed Oxygen-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton system, we use a very recent fractional numerical algorithm. We discuss the existence of the solution for the given model problem because in the case of fractional-order models, the proof of solution existence always becomes an important task. After that, we perform many novel 2-D and 3-D graphs by using Mathematica and Python software to fulfill the requirements of the numerical simulations. We use a generalised form of the well known Liouville-Caputo fractional derivative. Given numerical algorithm is very recent, short, easy, and reliable to use or to apply to the non-linear dynamical models. The main motive of this research work is to study the Plankton-Oxygen dynamics under the climate change by using the proposed fractional-order model with capturing the memory effects and discuss some novel results for the literature on such ecological topics.


In this paper,the development of engine test for evaluating the fuel economy of lubricant is discussed,and the latest progress of new sequence engine test for fuel economy in ILSAC GF-5 is also introduced.With the higher requirements of fuel economy,low viscosity engine oils are more and more popular.Meanwhile,high performance friction modifiers must be blended into engine oil to achieve higher fuel economy.


ABSTRACT Today, many people use the Internet to seek health advice. This study examines how an author's expertise is established and how this affects the credibility of his or her online health information. In a 2 (authors' credentials: medical vs. nonmedical) × 2 (authors' language use: technical vs. every day) within-subjects design, 127 study participants, or "seekers," judged authors' expertise, benevolence, and integrity as well as the credibility of their medical statements. In addition, we assessed seekers' awareness of their own knowledge and behavior. Results revealed that users consciously rewarded authors' credentials and subconsciously punished technical language. Seekers were keenly aware of authors' credentials and perceived authors with medical credentials to have a higher level of expertise and their information to be more credible. Technical language use negatively affected authors' integrity and the credibility of their health information, despite seekers being unaware of it. Practical implications for health communication and implications for future research are outlined.


In conventional electron beam systems the minimum value of beam diameter and the maximum value of beam current is set by lens aberrations, beam brightness, and by space charge interaction over many centimeters. The limits are more serious as the beam voltage (V0) is reduced. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) represents a drastic change in electron beam configuration in that the path length is of the same order as the beam radius. We have modeled a modified STM configuration as a field emitting spherical electrode close to the target plane for values of accelerating potential (V0) in the range 50–1000 V. For a given value of V0 and maximum field E0 there are corresponding optimum values of sphere radius R and sphere‐to‐plane separation S. It appears that it should be possible to confine a beam of 100 V electrons to a radius of 0.02 μm with a current limited only by practical effects at the target or plane.


This article carries out research in the domain of the issues faced by the first and second generation South-Asian Muslim immigrants in locating identity and their rightful place in postcolonial hybrid culture of England. Location of identity in multi-ethnic metropolitan cultureinvolves the issues of assimilation, segregation, naturalization, racial and cultural discrimination, in-betweeness, hybridity and ambivalence. The Muslim immigrants in an attempt to assimilate themselves into the new culture remain suspended between the two cultures and never completely succeed in embracing the one culture and discarding the other. This state of in-betweenness renders them hybrid characters in the postcolonial conditions. Quite contrary to their sweet dreams and expectations of living a superb life in metropolitan culture,non-white immigrants, Muslims, in the white English societyhave to make multi-dimensional struggle for the discovery and exploration of their unique identity in the face of highly intolerant, xenophobic white societies. The novel, Buddha of Suburbia, has been said to be autobiographical woven from the deeply personal experiences of the author as a member of an ethnic minority, the Muslims, in a multi-ethnic society. The story which initially appears to be fascinating tale of the city turns out to be the story of an Anglo-Asian hybrid. Kureishi has focused on the postcolonial concerns of unstable, fluid identity, gender issues, traumatized and indeterminate sexuality juxtaposed to hypocritical, racially prejudiced binaries-ridden English society.


A conceptual framework is proposed for discussing the ICT strategies of intermediaries and their effects on democratic intermediation. The main line of reasoning is that both 'disintermediation' and 're-intermediation' have to be related to specific models of democracy and styles of citizenship. The linkage strategies of preference intermediaries, the supportive strategies of information intermediaries and the facilitative strategies of interaction intermediaries are discussed. The quality of democracy would be dependent on the interplay between different democratic practices, types of citizenship and intermediaries.


The study of the mechanical properties of concrete with blended coal flyash and concrete reinforced with Alkali Resistant (AR) glass fibers is presented in this thesis. The effect of increasing blended coal flyash content up to 30% in the paving concrete was studied. Various mixes were developed for paving concrete, which aimed to meet the required specifications provided by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). To address the strength and toughness, both closed-loop compression and flexure tests were conducted. The results were compared with the control specimens prepared using the current mix design procedures of the ADOT. Finally, these mix designs were implemented in a field trial. The fibers were used in order to increase the strength and toughness properties in the concrete. The High Dispersion (HD) and the High Performance AR glass fibers were used to provide both strengthening and toughening mechanisms. The concrete mixture was prepared with fibers representing a High Performance Concrete (HPC). The effect on the mechanical properties of the concrete reinforced with AR glass fibers was studied using various fiber lengths and dosages. The fiber contents of 10 Kg/m and 20 Kg/m were examined. Control specimens without fibers were also prepared for comparison. Test results indicated that up to 30% cement could be replaced by blended coal flyash, resulting in high strength and ductility. The strength of concrete with 30% flyash was higher than both the control concrete and the concrete containing 20% flyash. At 30% cement replacement, the strength exceeded 7000 psi in the lab, while the field trial


This article contains a presentation of objectives and major issues that occurred during the first phases of the work on the digital edition of the correspondence between Jan Lechon, Kazimierz Wierzynski and Mieczyslaw Grydzewski. Special attention was paid to an adjustment of the standard of Text Encoding Initiative, used in this project, for the purposes of the edition of the correspondence of the creators of Polish culture at the end of 19th and in the 20th century.


Many graph problems seek subsets of their vertices that maximize or minimize objective functions on the vertices. Among these are the capacitated p-median problem, the geometric connected dominating set problem, the capacitated k-center problem, and the traveling tourist problem. Prior genetic algorithms research in this area applied a simple mutation of an allele by random replacement. Recently an enhanced operator called hypermutation was developed, proving to be very effective for solving the capacitated p-median problem. We propose a GA with a new heuristic called the nearest four neighbors heuristic (N4N) for solving graph problems requiring a subset of vertices. It is an extension of the hypermutation operator. Genetic algorithms that use each of these three mutation operators (simple, hypermutation, N4N) are applied to instances of the four graph-subset problems listed above. Results show that our N4N heuristic obtained superior results compared to the hypermutation and the simple mutation operators in every test case.


2 * Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the impact of energy consumption and economic growth on the environmental degradation as measured by CO 2 emissions. We utilize the cointegration test, the fully modified OLS, and the panel causality to examine the causality between environmental pollution and economic aggregates from a panel data of eight Asian countries during the period 1991-2013. We find that the cointegration tests confirm long run relationship among environmental degradation and energy consumption and economic growth along with financial development, trade openness, capital stocks, and urbanization as control vari- ables. In addition, FMOLS results confirm that economic growth and energy consump- tion have a positive and significant impact on environmental degradation. Besides, panel causality through VECM verifies that bidirectional causal connection is found between energy consumption and economic growth and environmental degradation.


The article is devoted to the study of the A. Ya. Panaeva's story Apiary. The paper proves that the story was a kind of replica of the progressive project of love and family relations, which took shape in the A. V. Druzhinin's story Polinka Saks under the influence of the Zh. Sand's novel Jacques an warmly welcomed by the circle of Contemporary. Using the plot scheme of the Zh. Sand's novel with the same plot shifts with which it is presented in the A. V. Druzhinin's story, the writer builds a new plot combination that reveals an alternative idea of the emancipation of a woman. The writer shows that A. V. Druzhinin and the writers who supported his project declare the idea of a woman as an object (love / development, etc.), while ignoring her natural giftedness. Arguing with them, the writer creates a novel in which it is shown that the resource for the development of female self-consciousness is not outside, but inside her. To express her idea, A. Ya. Panaeva uses a plot in which the central figure is a natural heroine. This is the plot of a man from the civilized world in love with a heroine is a savage. The paper shows that this plot is transformed depending on new ideological tasks: the functions of mandatory actors (a heroine is a savage, a defender of the heroine, a man from the world of civilization) change, new plot links are added. During the analysis, it was concluded that A. Ya. Panaeva deconstructs the idea of a saving marriage, the development of a woman by a man.


The quality of mathematical education is a very contemporary didactic topic at present. Improving the quality of education is unthinkable without a quality mathematics teacher training at universities and other educational institutions. The contribution deals with some innovation possibilities of contents and organization of the study programme for future mathematics teachers realized within ESF project "Professional training of teachers of sciences for careers in a competitive environment" at Faculty of Science of Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic. The project focuses on improving the training of teachers of all science branches in connection with the growing needs of the current competitive labour market. One of the main aims of the project leading to this improvement is the creation of innovated curricula and special textbooks for these programmes. Another objective of the project is to create a system of university schools, mainly for an implementation of a newly conceived student teaching practice. A complete evaluation was carried out to strengthen the feedback from pilot education of new and innovated subjects as well as the new teaching practice. The aim of the evaluation was to determine the difference between expectations and real benefits of the subjects and the practice. The evaluation results are very useful as a feedback for a subsequent modification of the study programs. Some particular innovative modifications of study program for mathematics teachers are described in the paper.


This study was designed to examine the impact of sexual harassment on Hong Kong Chinese women in the workplace and in college. Questionnaires assessing sexual harassment incidents experienced by self, perceived prevalence of sexual harassment in the organization, job or study satisfaction, and organizational commitment were completed by 77 female secretaries and 84 female college students in Hong Kong. Consistent with our hypotheses, personal experience of sexual harassment was found to be negatively associated with respondent satisfaction with their jobs or studies. However, these experiences were found to be unrelated to organizational commitment. In addition, most of the coping strategies adopted by the harassment victims tended to be nonassertive in nature. As one of the few systematic sexual harassment studies on Chinese working women and female students, we interpret our findings from an indigenous perspective and discuss both theoretical as well as applied implications for research in this area.


This letter describes decrystallization process of the b-BaB2O4 phase on the surface of 63BaO–26B2O3–11TiO2 glassy sample when irradiated by a CO2 laser beam for 30–40 s, using a laser power of 1.7 W. An analysis by optical microscopy of the irradiated region showed that the glass surface contained crystallites with the same morphology as those observed after traditional crystallization in an electric furnace. However, the crystal growth rate and the crystallite sizes appeared to be higher than those obtained by heating in an electric furnace. X-ray diffraction of the irradiated region showed a preferential orientation of the b-BaB2O4 crystallites on the glass surface. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 81.05.Pj; 82.80.Ej


The effect of chilling rate and muscle excision on the shear force of ovine muscle (M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum) was examined. Conventional chilling involved chilling at 4C for 24 h and very-rapid chilling involved chilling at −20C for 3.5 h followed by conventional chilling for 20.5 h. After 24 h all muscles were aged for a further four days. Approximately 30 min after slaughter, one M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was excised from each carcass and placed in the same chill as the remainder of the carcass. This gave a total of four different treatments. Shear force was assessed at I and 5 days postmortem by Warner-Bratzler shear force measurement. Excision led to reduced shear force in the very-rapid chilling regime but increased shear force in the conventionally chilled muscles. Aging improved shear force for all chilling treatments. No significant difference was found in the rate of pH fall, between the chilling treatments.


The purpose of this paper was to develop a real-time alarm monitoring system that can detect the fatigue driving state through wireless communication. The drivers' electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded from occipital electrodes. Seven EEG rhythms with different frequency bands as gamma, hbeta, beta, sigma, alpha, theta and delta waves were extracted. They were simultaneously assessed using relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves and grey relational analysis to select one as the fatigue feature. The research results showed that the performance of theta wave was the best one. Therefore, theta wave was used as fatigue feature in the following alarm device. The real-time alarm monitoring system based on the result has been developed, once the threshold was settled by using the data of the first ten minutes driving period. The developed system can detect driver fatigue and give alarm to indicate the onset of fatigue automatically.


Lacustrine carbonate rocks can be found in freshwater basins and salt lakes basin.There were big differences in sequence features and patterns of different lake basins.We analyzed the sequence characteristic of the central region of southern slope of Dongying Depression using core,logging,logging and seismic data.Carbonate rocks were distributed in the shallow lake and semi-deep lake of the transgressive systems tract.Five types of parasequences can be found in the study area.They are oil shale-dolomite,oil shale-limemudstone(calcilutite),deep water(mudstone) shale-grain limestone,(mudstone) shale-grain limestone,(mudstone) shale-biogenic limestone.We summarized the spatial distribution characteristic of each parasequence by analyzing parasequence type,characteristics and formation mechanisms.A carbonate parasequence correlation model for the semi-saline lake basin has been proposed.


This article reveals the main energy efficient solutions and innovations implemented in the framework of the investment project «Organization of production of rolled bar iron with the construction of small-section wire rolling mill» in the open joint stock company «Belarusian metallurgical works (BSW) – Management Company of Holding «Belarusian Metallurgical Company (BMC)». This project was included in the list of the most important projects for the creation of new enterprises and industries that are crucial for the innovative development of the Republic of Belarus. Supplier of technology and equipment for the project were made by the company Danieli & C. Officcine Meccaniche SpA (Italy). The modern and unique equipment used in this investment project allows to use more than 90% of fuel and energy resources (by using the heat recuperator of flue gases, heat recovery boiler, recuperative burners, etc.). Implementation of the project allowed to carry out the maximum processing of production and to receive new production with higher added value.


. We consider Yamabe-type equations on Projective Spaces C P n and H P n with the respectives canonical metrics, and study the existence and multiplicity of solutions of Yamabe-type equation, which are invariant by cohomogeneity one actions of U ( n ) and Sp ( n ) respectively. We also prove the existence of degenerate solutions of the Yamabe-type equationn on C P n and H P n , which are invariant by cohomogeneity one actions of U ( n ) and Sp ( n ) respectively.


We investigate the link between how male-dominated a field is, and gender bias against women in this field. Taking the entrance exam of a French higher education institution as a natural experiment, we find that evaluation is actually biased in favor of females in more male-dominated subjects (e.g., math, philosophy) and in favor of males in more female-dominated subjects (e.g., literature, biology), inducing a rebalancing of gender ratios between students recruited for research careers in science and humanities majors. Evaluation bias is identified from systematic variations across subjects in the gap between students' nonanonymous oral and anonymous written test scores.


The present invention relates to a congestion level of the network identification, the method comprising the steps of: 1) providing a network congestion level identification system, the identification system comprises an image field receiving apparatus, data receiving apparatus terminal automobiles and embedded processing device, the solid image link target road section transmits said receiving apparatus receives the image field in the target road section a camera through a communication network, said data receiving apparatus receives the car terminal in real-time automotive vehicle speed of the target road section is transmitted via a network communication terminal, the embedded processing apparatus determines a congestion level based on the target road section and the road automobile field image realtime speed; and 2) using the identification system to be identified.


Diabetes Mellitus is very influential on the quality of human resources and has an impact on increasing health costs that are quite large. Because this disease is a progressive and chronic disease that cannot be completely cured. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a high level of stress and anxiety, which is associated with treatment that must be followed and the occurrence of serious complications. The research design used in this study was correlational analytic, with a cross sectional approach. The population was all patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Dahlia Room at Jombang Hospital in the amount of 72 people. The sampling technique uses proportional random sampling with a sample of 42 people. The research instrument used observation sheets with data processing editing, coding, scoring, tabulating and statistical tests using Spearman rank with an alpha (α) value of 0.05. The results of this study were that most (31%) respondents experienced mild anxiety, most (28.6%) experienced moderate fear and random sugar levels in the majority (61.9%) respondents were high, based on the results of the Spearman rank statistical test between anxiety with random blood sugar levels obtained p value of 0,000 and less than 0.05 while the results of the sperman rank statistical test between fear of random blood sugar levels obtained a value of p value of 0,000 and smaller than 0.05 which means H1 is accepted. This study can be concluded that there is a relationship between emotional response with random sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Dahlia Room at RSUD Jombang
Keywords : Emotional Response, Anxiety, Fear, Random Blood Sugar Levels


Abstract A 7-year field experiment under a rice-wheat rotation system was conducted at Guanghan County in the Chengdu Plain of China from 2004 to investigate the long-term effect of different combinations of year-round tillage patterns and crop straw management on grain yield and quality of wheat. Treatments were rotary-till wheat + rotary-till rice without any straw (conventional treatment, CK), zero-till wheat with rice straw mulching + rotary-till rice with no wheat straw (WZRR), zero-till wheat with rice straw mulching + rotary-till rice with no wheat straw + autumn vegetable (WZRRV), zero-till wheat with rice straw mulching + zero-till rice with wheat straw mulching (WZRZ), and zero-till wheat with rice straw mulching + zero-till rice with wheat straw mulching under ridge-till (WRZB). There was little variation amongst years in grain yield and yield components with the treatment, while CK had lower yields in most years than other treatments with a slight decreasing trend; spike numbers per area had no significant change with the elapse of time. An obvious descending trend in grain number per spike and grains per area for CK and increase in 1000-grain weight for all treatments were observed; zero tillage and straw mulching improved wheat tiller ability, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents at major growth stages, and leaf area index, SPAD, a portable chlorophyll meter reading, and dry matter at middle and late stages. Most grain quality traits of wheat were nearly the same in all treatments in all year-round tillage patterns.


Mixtures of cyclopentadiene and oxygen diluted in argon were used to obtain ignition delay data in a single pulse shock-tube. The temperatures ranged from 1278–2110 K and the experimental pressures were between 2.43 and 12.45 atm. The fuel concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 2.5% and the oxygen concentrations were between 3.3 and 16.6%. A Semenov ignition delay expression was determined:

τ = 10−12.5 exp(+34500/RT) [C5H6]0.06 [O2]−0.95 [Ar]0.29 sec

The concentrations are in mol/cc and the activation energy is in cal/mol. Gas-chromatographic analyses were run on samples quenched before the ignition. The kinetics of combustion of cyclopentadiene was modeled with a full scheme containing 439 elementary reactions and a reduced scheme containing 125 reactions. Both ignition delay times and product distribution served as modeling targets. The mechanism of combustion of cyclopentadiene is discussed in connection to the combustion of aromatic fuels. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 491–508, 2001


This primer on deportation law, cases, and legislation, provides a brief overview of deportation law since the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act. It reviews how IIRIRA reconfigured immigration law, altering the basic framework under which persons were excluded and deported to focus on inspection and admission rather than entry. It also examines the expansion of the grounds of deportability for persons with criminal convictions. It then summarizes some of the most important deportation cases of the 21st century, including INS v. St. Cyr, Zadvydas v. Davis, and Padilla v. Kentucky. It examines recent developments regarding the Supreme Court's consideration of persons charged as deportable for having committed "aggravated felonies." It concludes with a discussion of comprehensive immigration reform, concluding that there has not been the political will to bring about comprehensive reform, and that lukewarm and last-minute efforts at such reform underscore a recurring paradox in American politics: the Democratic leadership's recognition of the importance of the Latino/a vote coupled with a reluctance to prioritize issues of importance to Latino/as in a timely and meaningful fashion.


Can Robert K. Merton's seminal work in the sociology of science still offer useful insights to understand key features, trends and challenges of science in contemporary societies? This article focuses on two main topics. It addresses the general theme of values and norms in science in the light of relevant organizational changes that have marked science in recent decades, as well as the resilience of the concept of 'scientific community' to those changes. Starting from Merton's classical study of the 'Matthew effect', the article then analyses the theme of competition in science, with particular regard to the dynamics that characterize the reputation and visibility of scientists.


This paper takes an innovation system approach to analysing the development of wind energy in three jurisdictions: the EU, USA and China. The paper builds on and extends previous innovation system studies on wind in two ways. First, it focuses on the interactions over time between policy and innovation system dynamics, in order to highlight lessons for low-carbon policymaking. Second, it extends the analysis from the formative and growth phases of the innovation system to the globalisation and transfer phase, in which mature technologies are transferred to new markets. The conclusions are: first, policies should go beyond 'market pull' and 'technology push' and should take into account the institutional frameworks through which they are delivered; second, policies have been more successful where they prioritised long-term learning-oriented deployment rather than short-term efficiency; third, system failures exist at the transfer stage of development as well as during formative and growth phases.


L. Beltracchi has recently published work on a Rankine cycle display of operation for a nuclear power station. Discovery of the display was lengthy and difficult. This paper discusses similar CRT displays of plant operation from the point of view of knowledge representation and presents an abstraction describing a wide class of such displays. It is suggested that this abstraction is a useful tool for discovery of good safety displays. An example for an idealized, very simple plant is given to explain the concept.


Previous in silico analysis of selenoprotein genes in Archaea revealed that the selenocysteine insertion (SECIS) motif necessary to recode UGA with selenocysteine was not adjacent to the UGA codon as is found in Bacteria. Rather, paralogous stem–loop structures are located in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR), reminiscent of the situation in Eukarya. To assess the function of such putative SECIS elements, the Methanococcus jannaschii MJ0029 (fruA, which encodes the A subunit of the coenzyme F420‐reducing hydrogenase) mRNA was mapped in vivo and probed enzymatically in vitro. It was shown that the SECIS element is indeed transcribed as part of the respective mRNA and that its secondary structure corresponds to that predicted by RNA folding programs. Its ability to direct selenocysteine insertion in vivo was demonstrated by the heterologous expression of MJ0029 in Methanococcus maripaludis, resulting in the synthesis of an additional selenoprotein, as analysed by 75Se labelling. The selective advantage of moving the SECIS element in the untranslated region may confer the ability to insert more than one selenocysteine into a single polypeptide. Evidence for this assumption was provided by the finding that the M. maripaludis genome contains an open reading frame with two in frame TGA codons, followed by a stem–loop structure in the 3′ UTR of the mRNA that corresponds to the archaeal SECIS element.


Transportation and logistics of agricultural products have been one of the major interests of many researches. Most of researches have been limited to presuming these as a first dimensional process or considering only economic value of agricultural products at each stage of logistics. However, the particular characteristics of agricultural products, such as quality change during transportation or extensively scattered origins, require examining these problems as a whole system. Network model has been adopted to represent nodes, which stand for spatial location of demand and supply of agricultural products, and communication between these nodes. Based on network theory and advanced marketing potential function, an optimal routes selection model is developed. The model employed network simplex method for routes optimization. The application of the model focused on transportation network organization to reflect different market prices for different locations and resulted in optimum routes and profit improvement of the applied agricultural product.


Summary Research on customer-oriented timber procurement has basically consisted of the modelling of the separate elements of procurement chains, especially of the machinery used. In the present study, the procurement process is modelled by using the discrete-event simulation technique, including formulation of the characteristics of marked stands, the purchasing process, timber harvesting, and transportation. The model is supposed to be an artificial timber procurement environment for both research and education purposes. The initial theoretical model is developed further on the basis of empirical data. The model developed was found to function properly in the testing environment. The functioning of stand and tree generators was particularly convincing.


Intrusion detection, traffic classification, and other network monitoring applications need to analyze the captured traffic beyond the network layer to allow for connection-oriented analysis, and achieve resilience to evasion attempts based on TCP segmentation. Existing network traffic capture frameworks, however, provide applications with raw packets and leave complex operations like flow tracking and TCP stream reassembly to application developers. This gap, between what applications need and what systems provide, leads to increased application complexity, longer development time, and most importantly, reduced performance due to excessive data copies between the packet capture subsystem and the stream processing module. This paper presents the Stream capture library (Scap), a network monitoring framework built from the ground up for stream-oriented traffic processing. Based on a kernel module that directly handles flow tracking and TCP stream reassembly, Scap delivers to user-level applications flow-level statistics and reassembled streams by minimizing data movement operations and discarding uninteresting traffic at early stages, while it inherently supports parallel processing on multi-core architectures, and uses advanced capabilities of modern network cards. Our experimental evaluation shows that Scap can capture all streams for traffic rates two times higher than other stream reassembly libraries. Finally, we present the implementation and performance evaluation of four popular network traffic monitoring applications built on top of Scap.


The intra-aggregate void size distribution (VSD) and void volume, and fractal dimension D of rubber grade carbon black dispersed in undecane were measured by thermoporometry. The value ofRmax corresponding to the maximum value of the VSD curve was confirmed to be proportional to the DBP (dibutyl phthalate) volume and the size Rn of the primary particles constituting the aggregates. The VSD curves obtained with undecane shifted toward smaller void sizes than those obtained with water. This fact indicates a larger interpenetration of the carbon black aggregates resulting from the stronger interaction of the oleophilic carbon black surface with undecane than with water. The intra-aggregate void volume measured by thermoporometry was compared with the occluded volume calculated by Medalia. It appears that experimental values agree well with calculated but the occluded volume calculated is overestimated.


Context. One of the most intriguing features revealed by the Swift satellite are flares that are superimposed on the gamma-ray burst (GRB) X-ray light curves. The vast majority of flares occurs before 1000 s, but some of them can be found up to 10(6) s after the main event. Aims. We shed light on late-time (i.e. with peak time t(pk) greater than or similar to 1000 s) flaring activity. We address the morphology and energetic of flares in the window similar to 10(3)-10(6) s to put constraints on the temporal evolution of the flare properties and to identify possible differences in the mechanism producing the early and late-time flaring emission, if any. This requires the complete understanding of the observational biases affecting the detection of X-ray flares superimposed on a fading continuum at t > 1000 s. Methods. We consider all Swift GRBs that exhibit late-time flares. Our sample consists of 36 flares, 14 with redshift measurements. We inherit the strategy of data analysis from Chincarini et al. (2010) in order to make a direct comparison with the early-time flare properties. Results. The morphology of the flare light curve is the same for both early-time and late-time flares, but they differ energetically. The width of late-time flares increases with time similarly to the early-time flares. Simulations confirmed that the increase of the width with time is not owing to the decaying statistics, at least up to 10(4) s. The energy output of late-time flares is one order of magnitude lower than the early-time flare one, and is similar to 1%E-prompt. The evolution of the peak luminosity as well as the distribution of the peak-flux-to-continuum ratio for late-time flares indicate that the flaring emission is decoupled from the underlying continuum, differently from early-time flares/steep decay. A sizable fraction of late-time flares are compatible with afterglow variability. Conclusions. The internal shock origin seems the most promising explanation for flares. However, some differences that emerge between late-and early-time flares suggest that there could be no unique explanation about the nature of late-time flares.


From this calculation, most of the released fission products were in LCA and were captured within the RRT and IRWST by pool scrubbing. Some of fission products are still remained within the RPV inside. Release fraction of class Cs, Te, and CsI to the environment by the revised design leak rate are in the order of minus five to ten. Consequently, overall release of fission products to the environment by the design leak rate during the SBLOCA was shown as negligible.


This paper aims to compare rational Chebyshev (RC) and Hermite functions (HF) collocation approach to solve Volterra's model for population growth of a species within a closed system. This model is a nonlinear integro‐differential equation where the integral term represents the effect of toxin. This approach is based on orthogonal functions, which will be defined. The collocation method reduces the solution of this problem to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. We also compare these methods with some other numerical results and show that the present approach is applicable for solving nonlinear integro‐differential equations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


It has become commonplace to speak about national culture and corporate culture. In last ICED, a workshop ended up by a debate about the impact of deeply rooted national culture characteristics on designers' attitudes. We decided to focus in this paper on the evolution of the perception of the concept of culture. Does the difference made between national vs. corporate culture still make sense in today's working environments? Which are the new trends regarding the concept of culture when used by corporations in understanding knowledge sharing, diversity or design processes? We present here a gender oriented point of view of the perception of culture in design environment. This proposition is based on the analysis of cross-disciplinary research references about culture and on answers given to a survey by executive women engineers. 1 INTRODUCTION In an era of intellectual and geographical globalization, binary debates about the impact of national cultures or corporate cultures on corporate vision, strategy and human relations, seem outdated. Most of the referenced sources indicate that national cultures have a stronger effect on managerial attitudes than corporate culture does or that collected evidence show that individual differences can be much more prominent than cultural differences. But is there any widely shared idea of what corporate culture means, how it emerges and is transmitted, of how long a coherent corporate culture can last? Culture and pragmatic, short lasting business practices and attitudes are they not being mixed up? Do gender approaches, linked to quantitative or qualitative thought streams, can contribute to the rise and development of professional cultures and open mindedness?


This document describes an RTCP XR report block, which reports packet
transport parameters. The report block was developed by BT for pre-
standards use in BT's next-generation network. This document has
been produced to describe the report block in sufficient detail to
register the block type with IANA in accordance with the Specification
Required policy of RFC 3611. This specification does not standardise
the new report block for use outside BT's network. This memo
provides information for the Internet community.


— A smart meter measures energy consumption with more granular detail than conventional analogue meters. The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) facilitates real-time two-way communication between the consumer and the rest of the energy grid. Information concerning electricity consumption, demand and response and home energy generation is communicated back to the local utility for monitoring and billing purposes. However, the detailed electricity usage patterns and trends can also be used to understand daily consumer habits and their routines. The collection and analysis of such data raises significant security and ethical concerns which must be adequately addressed. This paper focuses on the data collected from the residential smart grid using its default reading frequency of 30 minutes. The research demonstrates how the information can be exploited to remotely profile users and detect abnormal user behaviours using cloud-based analytics. Security implications are outlined and a case study is put forward as a demonstration of information that can be obtained through consumer profiling.


The paper presents a new form of the stress criterion of multiaxial random fatigue. The criterion has been defined as a sum of normal and shear stresses with weight coefficients on the critical plane defined as the plane where the maximum covariance between shear and normal stresses occurs. Two forms of the criterion have been proposed.


This current study is the first to apply Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis (SDEA) approach to assess the efficiency of hotels. The determinants of hotel efficiency were also investigated employing the Tobit regression model approach. The SDEA results show that the SDEA efficiency measures are higher than the deterministic ones and the greater the stochastic variability of outputs, the closer the envelope moves successively to any given observation and the efficiency score approaches one. The optimal solution to SDEA involves the presence of some buffer (slack) of all outputs. In applications involving practice production situation, such buffer (slack) can be interpreted as the firms' need to hold inventory, excess capacity and organizational slack against stochastic uncertainty of market environment. Our results also indicate that resort hotels achieve better efficiency than those in metropolitan areas and operating as part of a chain is not the main determinant of the efficiency of international tourist hotels in Taiwan.


Abstract Detailed structure-activity studies on inhibitors of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) have been described. The most potent ovulation inhibitors have substitutions in positions 1, 2, 3, and 6. Currently four basic structural requirements for potent antiovulatory activity are: a D-aromatic amino acid, such as D-Trp or D-Phe, in position 6; a D-Phe residue in position 2; substitutions in positions 1 and 3. For inhibitors based on substitutions in positions 2, 3, and 6, the substitution of a Pro, N-Me-Leu or D-Trp residue in position 3 is equally acceptable, and gives analogues which inhibit ovulation at 750 ^g/rat. For inhibitors based on substitutions in positions 1, 2, 3, and 6, D-Trp appears necessary in position 3 in order for ovulation to be inhibited at 200 μ/rat. Many analogues based on the [residue1, D-Phe2, D-Trp3, D-Trp6]-LH-RH sequence are known which inhibit ovulation at 200 μ/rat. These include those analogues having D- <Glu, Ac-Pro, N-Ac-Hyp and N-Ac-Thr in position 1. The choice between L- or Dresidues in this position is structure dependent (Ac-L-Pro > Ac-D-Pro, D- <Glu >L- <Glu, etc.). In addition, a "protected" N-terminal residue having some polar character appears to be important. Substitution of the dipeptide residue, <Glu-Pro-, into position 1 has produced a new category of potent ovulation inhibitors based on linear peptides longer than decapeptides. Continued studies on other analogues in this later class could provide more potent inhibitors by (1) utilizing new binding sites on or in the vicinity of the LH-RH receptor(s); (2) altering transportation properties; (3) producing "pro-drugs". The substitution of N-Me-Leu into position 7 was not advantageous, presumably because of the presence of bulky D-aromatic amino acids in position 6. Nonapeptide ethylamide analogues also had very low antiovulatory potencies. The analogue [chlorambucil1, Leu2, Leu3, D-Ala6]-LH-RH acted as an agonist, but also inhibited in a modified assay in vitro. Comparative assays measuring the inhibition of LH-RH, and inhibition of ovulation have emphasized other factors of importance to inhibitor design. Although all ovulation inhibitors active at 750 or 200 /μg/rat strongly inhibited in vivo, at a ratio of analogue to LH-RH of 166:1, other analogues of comparable in vitro potency have displayed a range of antiovulatory activities. Similar discrepancies have been observed in the results of in vivo LH-RH inhibition assays. The most potent ovulation inhibitors always inhibited LH-RH at 333:1 in adult male chimpanzees, and at 100:1 in adult male rats. The dissociation of the results of the LH-RH and antiovulatory assays have been rationalized in two cases. The Cpc-analogues were active in inhibiting LH-RH in rats and in chimpanzees when given i.V., but were inactive in rats when given s.c. which is the mode of administration in the antiovulatory assay. The results for inhibition of LH-RH in vivo paralleled the results for inhibition of ovulation, and raised a question as to differences in absorption of peptides though the lipid layers of subcutaneous tissue. The reduced in vivo activities of the L-Trp3 analogues in both the LH-RH and antiovulatory assays suggest an increase in enzymatic inactivation for these compounds. [D-Phe2, Pro3, D-Phe6]-LH-RH can inhibit endogenous LH-RH in the Rhesus monkey and inhibit ovulation. Infusion of [D-Phe2, Pro3, D-Trp6]-LH-RH at 375 ^ug/day for 4 days from a s.c. implanted minipump completely inhibited ovulation in cycling female rats and decreased serum LH levels in castrated rats. In contrast with LH-RH or des-Gly10- [D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide the Pro3 analogue did not block uterine implantation sites of mated rats, indicating a difference in the mechanism of contraception for LH-RH agonists and inhibitors


The most important extrinsic demonstrate the present study was to evaluate the seasonal fluctuation in physic-chemical limitation of watercourse. The physico-chemical parameters on the subject of Gilgit-River was studied from July 2019 to March 2020. Four different samples were collected throughout the year at the same location. The parameters like; pH, Temperature, Alkalinity, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolve Oxygen, Total dissolve solids, Calcium-hardness and Total-hardness were determined in the research Lab (SEED LAB) of Karakoram International University. These results were paralleled by means of standards of WHO. From the results the situation was found that most of parameters like pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, and Total-hardness are within the permissible limit of WHO and ICMR while Alkalinity, Ca-hardness and Dissolve oxygen values are not now the acceptable limits specified by WHO and EPA. These result shown the logical calculations of correlation coefficient between the seasonal physicchemical parameters of water.


Aiming at the problem of measured noise in practical engineering,a new LADRC in the core of ESO including filter is proposed. Based on the measured data of a Certain Wheel Infantry Fighting Vehicle and recursive least squares algorithm for system parameters identification,the model of the Gun Control System is gotten. PID controller,LADRC controller and the new LADRC controller to simulate are used. From the result,it is concluded that the new LADRC controller has advantage over PID controller in the disturbance rejection and robustness and the new LADRC has advantage over the LADRC and their stable precision of visible axis could be well improved.


Carbon nanostructures were grown by arc‐discharge method and characterized by SEM, AFM, STM, and XRD techniques. We observe broadening in the radial distribution of nanofibers grown with Co and Ni application. The nanofibers grown with Co/Ni application were straighter and shorter in length than nanofibers without Co/Ni application. This might be due to catalyst particle poisoning resulting in termination of the growth process earlier than expected.


Muskrats Ondatra zibethicus were studied at Old Crow flats Yukon Territory (68°05′N, 140°05W) and Tiny Marsh, Ontario (44°35′N, 79°52′W) during the summers of 1985 and 1986 Life–history traits of these two populations were compared Litter size was not significantly different between the two sites However average annual productivity was significantly greater at Tiny Marsh where individuals produced more litters per season Growth rates of juvenile and adult muskrats were significantly greater at Tiny Marsh, as was juvenile and adult weight However overwinter survival of juvenile muskrats was significantly greater at Old Crow than at Tiny Marsh We suggest that the shorter growing season and proximate energetic limitations on growth and reproduction favour a conservative reproductive strategy by the northern muskrat population For the southern muskrat population a long growing season and high quality food resources allow for a more productive reproductive strategy


Negotiating Diversity is an international field guide to the Convention that is designed to assist indigenous peoples and local communities seeking to engage with the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Field Guide explores key areas of the Convention which concern the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities and identifies opportunities for engagement with the work of the Convention from the local to the international level. The guide discusses opportunities and challenges for the engagement of indigenous peoples in the period from 2000 to 2003 and is accompanied by a website of the same name. It is of interest in relation to the history of engagement with the Convention by indigenous peoples.


Institution of higher education accreditation serves as a bridge between higher education and government. It plays an important role in the realization of school\|running autonomy in universities and formation of a system guaranteeing the quality of education. Advantages of developed countries (United States, Britain and France) in higher education accreditation could be taken as to establish a higher education accreditation council made up of representatives both from government and academy.


A phase-locked loop (PLL) for CMOS UltraSPARC microprocessor applications uses a loop filter referenced to a quiet power supply and achieves measured clock period jitter of /spl plusmn/25 ps at 360 MHz. The fully integrated CMOS PLL uses a charge-pump phase/frequency detector, a single-capacitor loop filter, and a feedforward error correction architecture. Loop characteristics are analyzed and verified by measurements. The measured sensitivity of clock period jitter to supply voltage is 2.6 ps/100 mv over an analog supply-voltage range of 1.6-2.1 V; the measured output operating frequency range is 8.5-660 MHz. Fabricated in an area of 310/spl times/280 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ in a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process, the PLL dissipates 25 mW from a 1.9-V supply.


An explosion at a dye factory in the northern Chinese industrial center and port city of Tianjin, near Beijing, has killed more than 30 people and injured at least 60—including both workers and residents in the vicinity—according to local sources. The blast occurred late on the afternoon of June 26 at the China Petrochemical Factory (Dahua Huagongchang). The explosion was strong enough to shatter windows as far as 2 miles away and to create a crater about 10 feet deep and 90 feet in diameter. Besides the main crater, witnesses report seeing several other large holes in the ground. An unpleasant, saltpeter-like smell emanated from the area and the ground was covered with a yellowish chemical film, they say. C&EN tried to visit the explosion site, but all the dirt roads leading to it were blocked by officers from China's Public Security Bureau. The plant is located in Xiqing, an agricultural suburb of Tianjin, and ...


In this note we explore the following surprising fact: In regression with trend and seasonality, the prediction risk is constant for all seasons of a new cycle, despite the fact that it increases with time when the seasons are left out. Awareness of this may be useful to both the practicing statistician and to teachers of statistics. The challenge of resolving the issue may also be given to students of statistics as a research project.


Impacts of meteors with spacecraft are among the major sources of possible problems in the space environment. Although the average mass of meteor bodies is much less than artificial space debris, the relative velocity of high-speed meteors against the Earth reaches 72 km/s, which far exceeds that of artificial objects. It is thus very important to establish the statistics of meteors, especially those of the mass and velocity, along the Earth's orbit around the Sun in order to make a reliable data base for designing large scale spacecraft such as space stations. Radar with the help of an optical camera are most suited for this purpose. The purpose of the present paper is to develop a high- sensitivity combined radar-optical system consisting of a high-power VHF Doppler radar and an ICCD video camera for the purpose of studying the velocity and mass distributions of faint meteors. A description of the systems and their performance evaluations are given. Preliminary results of the mass estimates and the relations of the radar echo power and the absolute visual magnitude derived from test experiments are also presented.


In this paper, an automation module for validating characteristics of a weather strip is presented by which an optimum material - satisfying cross-sectional compressive force specification given in the design requirement - can be selected when executing a simulation with an analysis model including sealing parts. Utilizing this module, the closing force of moving parts can be validated automatically to improve reliability and efficiency of analysis process.


Significance Gene therapy has made significant strides in the treatment and even cure of single-gene defects. However, the maturation of this field will require more sophisticated vehicles capable of cell-selective delivery of large genetic payloads whose regulated expression will restore or enhance cellular functionality. High-capacity herpes simplex virus vectors have the potential to meet these challenges but have been limited by the need to preserve one particularly cytotoxic viral product, infected cell polypeptide 0, to maintain transgene transcriptional activity. Our study describes a vector design that solves this conundrum, thereby promising the near-term availability of viral vectors that can efficiently deliver large or multiple regulated transgenes to a diversity of cells without attendant cytotoxicity. The design of highly defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors for transgene expression in nonneuronal cells in the absence of toxic viral-gene activity has been elusive. Here, we report that elements of the latency locus protect a nonviral promoter against silencing in primary human cells in the absence of any viral-gene expression. We identified a CTCF motif cluster 5′ to the latency promoter and a known long-term regulatory region as important elements for vigorous transgene expression from a vector that is functionally deleted for all five immediate-early genes and the 15-kb internal repeat region. We inserted a 16.5-kb expression cassette for full-length mouse dystrophin and report robust and durable expression in dystrophin-deficient muscle cells in vitro. Given the broad cell tropism of HSV, our design provides a nontoxic vector that can accommodate large transgene constructs for transduction of a wide variety of cells without vector integration, thereby filling an important void in the current arsenal of gene-therapy vectors.


The credit crunch of 2007 caused major changes in the market of interbank rates making the existing interest rate theory inconsistent. This paper puts forward one way to reconcile practice and theory by modifying the arbitrage-free condition. In this framework, the forward Libor rate is no longer considered as a risk-free rate and the credit and liquidity risks within the interbank market partly drive its dynamics. In a similar manner to the multiple-curve approach, we model the evolution of default-free rates, assimilated to overnight interest swap rates, and the default times of an interbank market segment determined by its tenor. For each segment, we use the reduced form approach to model the arrival rate of defaults with a self-exciting jump-diffusion process. Then, we deduce the dynamics of the spot forward Libor rates and provide closed-form approximation pricing formulae for options on forward Libor rates and swap rates. Even in a context of negative interest rates and compared to other forms of intensity processes such as a CIR, the self-excitation property allows a better understanding of the spread OIS-IRS and provides information about the interbank credit risk. Furthermore, our framework enables to parse the impact of the interbank credit risk on forward Libor as well as on interest rates derivatives like caps, floors, and swaptions.


The integration of web and database technologies allows organisations to develop influential web applications. Web database technology delivers innovative solutions for business applications, with the merits of reliability, security and scalability. This paper discusses technological development and advancement in web database applications.


A fault diagnosis method is proposed based on wavelet packet combined autoregressive power spectrum. In this method, high and low frequency quadrature conjugate mirror filter banks is used to project rolling bearing sampling signal onto different frequency bands; the number of data is decreased to half and sampling time interval is doubled by every filtering; to get higher time and frequency resolution, zero is interpolated into the frequency bands of the defects , zero is added to other bands, and then the signal is reconstructed; the work state of the bearing can be analyzed according to autoregressive power spectrum of the bearing. The diagnosis result of early defect of 207 rolling bearing tallies with the actual situation, which testifies that the method is effective to the extraction and diagnosis of the weak signal of defects.


The invention discloses a heat shield device. The heat shield device comprises an exhaust manifold upper shield, an exhaust manifold lower shield, a three-way catalyst upper shield and a three-way catalyst three-way catalyst, wherein the inner side and the outer side of the exhaust manifold upper shield are made of metal plates, ceramic fiber paperboards are arranged between the metal plates, and the exhaust manifold upper shield and the exhaust manifold lower shield are detachably and movably connected through connectors. According to the invention, the heat insulation effect is improved, resonance of a heat shield and an engine is avoided, and the rigidity of the heat shield is improved.


Preparation of the grounded conclusion by an expert-accountant can be provided by means of rational and optimal methods of expert research. The role of accounting registers in the grounded conclusion of an expert-accountant has been determined as well as the algorithm of the expert research methods has been developed.


Abstract Organic fertilization in orchards aims at increasing soil fertility, at impacting plant productivity and environmental sustainability. This study aimed at verifying the effects of organic fertilization and fruit load on two nectarine cultivars with high and low fruit loads. The experiment was carried out in an orchard under organic management in Fratta Terme, Po valley, in northeastern Italy. Nectarine cultivars Big Top and Carene, implemented in 2017 and grafted onto GF677, were used. Three levels of compost (0, 20 and 40 t dw ha-1) were combined with two fruit loads (low and high) to set up a factorial experimental design with two factors and four randomized replicates. Compost was incorporated at 20 cm depth. The following parameters were evaluated: nitrate- and ammonium- N concentrations in soil at 20 - 40 cm depth, macro and micronutrients in leaves, tree yield, number of fruits, fruit mass and diameter, soluble solids and pulp firmness. The supply of compost enhanced nitrate-N release in soil. In both cultivars, macro- and micronutrient concentrations in leaves were not affected by organic fertilization or fruit load, except for iron, which increased as a consequence of the compost supply. Low crop load induced higher fruit size in both varieties, a fact that was observed after pit hardening. However, the organic fertilization rate did not influence tree yield, fruit mass and soluble solids.


For square contingency tables with ordered categories, Tahata et al. (2006) and Tahata et al. (2012) considered measures which represent the degree of departure from the marginal homogeneity (MH) model using the cumulative marginal probabilities. The former measure can judge whether or not the MH model holds, but the latter cannot. Also, the latter measure can distinguish the directionality for two types of maximum marginal inhomogeneities, but the former cannot. The present paper proposes a two-dimensional measure vector with above measures as elements that can simultaneously analyze the degree of departure from MH and the directionality for two types of maximum marginal inhomogeneities. Also, this paper shows the usefulness of the proposed measure vector on comparing visually degrees of departure from MH in several square contingency tables using confidence region.


Alternaria porri conidia deposited on onion leaves formed one to several germination tubes and appressoria and often penetrated at more than one locus under conditions favorable for infection. After 3 h in the dew chamber at 24°C following inoculation of onion leaves, 73% of conidia had germinated and 5% had formed appressoria. Infection hyphae were not observed until 6 h following inoculation, at which time 2% of conidia had formed infection hyphae and 0.5% of conidia had caused visible lesions. Length of dew period was significantly positively correlated with lesion numbers (r = 0.784) but not with lesion size. There were two types of lesions : expanding and nonexpanding (flecks of ≤2 mm in diameter). Expanding lesions resulted even when plants inoculated with dry conidia of A. porri were incubated in a growth chamber under conditions not conducive to infection for 4 days prior to being placed in a dew chamber for 24 h under conditions conducive to infection, indicating that conidia survived well under these conditions. Flecks formed concurrently with expanding lesions. Germinated conidia were inevitably found near the centers of flecks, but, for unknown reasons, these flecks did not continue to expand.