Unstable optical resonators employing graded reflectivity mirrors (GRMs) for diode-pumped alkali laser (DPAL) are theoretically studied. In this study, a wave optics resonator model was coupled with a simplified gas flow model. The platform modeled was a 100-W class Cs DPAL proposed by us. As the pump beams are obliquely incident to the active medium, a wide gain region appears compared with that of the axially pumping scheme. Although an unstable resonator was expected to be suitable to provide a high-quality output beam, it was found to be inapplicable for our relatively small-scale DPAL apparatus. Instead, we demonstrated that the application of a GRM unstable resonator provide a nearly diffraction-limited beam (M2 < 2) with minimal penalty for the output power. The effect of the gas flow on the beam quality is also discussed.


Objective To find out management status of patients with hypertension and diabetes in Beijing's urban areas for the management of chronic diseases in community.Methods We used the combination of multi-stage random sampling and systematic random sampling method to draw 1 511 patients from 16 community health service institutions.Management status of patients with hypertension and diabetes and its risk factors among the patients were analyzed.Results Among the patients,there were 776 with hypertension(51.4%) and 315 with diabetes(20.8%).The control rate for hypertention patients was 42.6% and 35.9% for diabetes,respectively.The major influence factor for hypertension and diabetes control rate among the patients was taking medicine regularly.Conclusion Management status of patients receiving community health service is satisfactory.Community health services pay an important role in the management of chronic disease.


This exhibition catalogue for Cameron's "English Roots" project is essentially an autobiography in which the artist reflects on his art education and the artists, teachers and galleries that have influenced him. He also discusses the impact his move to Canada had on his life and work. The curators comment on the installations at their respective galleries in England. Includes a previously published text by M.G. Nay, and floor plans of installations. Index of names. 85 bibl. ref.


Chitosan was degraded by high pressure homogenization to increase its effectiveness for clarifying orange juice.The influence of homogenization pressure,temperature,time and pH on clarification of orange juice by chitosan degradation products was examined by measuring the light transmittance of orange juice.The conditions for clarifying orange juice at 40 ℃ were optimized using Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology.Results showed that degraded chitosan had obviously preferable clarification effect on orange juice when compared to the control without degradation.Meanwhile,the response surface model allowed good prediction of juice transmittance as a function of various homogenization conditions.Homogenization of 0.723 g/L acidic aquesou solution of chitosan at pH 3.27 for 6.8 min at 32 MPa was found to be optimal.Transmittance was 96.68% for original orange juice and 92.2% for reconstituted orange juice when mixed with the degraded chitosan in a proportion of 1:2.5.


properties of these particles are distinct from those of the bulk phase and those of isolated atoms and molecules. The specific properties of nano-sized metal particles in catalysis are usually associated with a change in their electronic properties relative to the bulk samples. This change is a result of size effects giving rise to an increase in the surface energy and a characteristic high surface-to-volume ratio. These lead to an enhancement of their catalytic properties 8 as large fractions of the active metal atoms are on the surface and thus are accessible to reactant molecules and available for catalysis. 9


The energy dissipation processes in dielectric barrier discharge KrCl- and XeCl-excilamps at various voltage, frequencies and pulse duration are revealed by a pressure jump method. It is offered and tested a way of radiation power calculation in conditions of non-uniform filling of device bulb by discharge plasma. The previous data (Pikulev A.A., Sosnin E.A., 2010-2013) are confirmed. The regularity was formulated: conditions of maximal ultraviolet radiation power corresponds to conditions of maximal heat release in plasma.


The likelihood function of a multivariate Cauchy distribution with unknown location and scatter parameters in ρ dimensions has a unique maximum provided the sample is in general position and is of size n > p + 1 (see Kent and Tyler 1991 and Kent et al., 1994). In this paper, we show that when n=p+l, the maximum of the locationscatter Cauchy likelihood function occurs when the parameters lie on a ρ–dimensional surface.


A formula for the maximum crack width has been developed by incorporating eight governing parameters such as steel stress, grade of concrete, area of steel reinforcement, diameter of bars, % of steel reinforcement, spacing of bars, yield stress of steel reinforcement and concrete cover based on statistical analysis of the author's test results reported in literatures using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. An experimental investigation was also carried out on six RC beam models and compared with formula suggested in international codes such as BS 8110-1997/ IS 456-2000, ACI code 318, GBJ 10-89 1989, BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 and ECP 203-2007. The performance of the proposed formula is checked with experimental results and it shows well correlation


struct the prehistory or genesis for numerous compositions.' Although he went on to show just how much can be discovered about Renaissance compositional process through careful manuscript study, Brown's general point is well taken: it has proved exceedingly difficult, at least until quite recently, for Renaissance specialists to discuss in any detailed manner compositional process and creative development. The situation is not much better for those who work with 17th-century music: sketches and even revised drafts are relatively rare items. Students of Henry Purcell's music are thus fortunate to have for their study autograph or authoritative copies of his original and revised settings of the funeral sentences from the Anglican burial service. These telling revisions, stemming from an early phase of Purcell's career, represent some of the best evidence we have to help illumine the rather dark and imprecise picture of the beginnings of his musical development. Over the last 20 years or so several scholars have discussed Purcell's revisions with various goals in mind: Katherine Rohrer in her 1980 dissertation noted that Purcell's method of text-setting became increasingly sophisticated by the time of the second version;3 Robert Manning in a 1982 article made a brief overview of revisions in Purcell's anthems, including those made to the funeral sentences, in an attempt to illustrate the composer's 'sensitive musical discrimination';4 and Robert Ford in a 1986 article (billed in part as a response to Manning's work) provided new information on an intermediary version of the funeral sentences (showing that there were really two stages of revision and thus three versions).5 The revised volume of the Purcell Society edition containing the funeral sentences (in two versions) appeared in 1988.6 And the boom in Purcell scholarship in connection with the 1995 tercentenary brought forth several new discussions of this music,7 including Bruce Wood's intriguing suggestions on its origins (more on this below),8 and two new editions (both from Oxford University Press) from Christopher Hogwood (the first edition to contain all three versions)9 and Bruce Wood.'o It would seem little remained to be said about these


1. Eurocentrism, Political Struggles and the Entrenched Will-to-Ignorance: An Introduction Silvia Rodriguez Maeso and Marta Araujo 2. Epistemic Racism/Sexism, Westernized Universities and the Four Genocides/Epistemicides of the Long 16th Century Ramon Grosfoguel 3. Violence and Coloniality in Latin America: An Alternative Reading of Subalternization, Racialization, and Viscerality Arturo Arias 4. Social Races and Decolonial Struggles in France Sadri Khiari 5. Towards a Critique of Eurocentrism: Remarks on Wittgenstein, Philosophy and Racism S. Sayyid 6. How Post-colonial and Decolonial Theories Are Received in Europe and the Idea of Europe Montserrat Galceran Huguet 7. Africanist Scholarship, Eurocentrism and the Politics of Knowledge Branwen Gruffydd Jones 8. Scientific Colonialism: the Eurocentric Approach to Colonialism Sandew Hira 9. Secrets, Lies, Silences and Invisibilities: Unveiling the Participation of Africans in the Mozambique Front during World War I Maria Paula Meneses and Margarida Gomes 10. Conceptual Clarity, Please! On the Uses and Abuses of the Concepts of 'Slave' and 'Trade' in the Study of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and Slavery Kwame Nimako 11. Making Compulsory the Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture: Tensions and Contradictions for Anti-racist Education in Brazil Nilma Lino Gomes 12. Race and Racism in Mexican History Textbooks: A Silent Presence Dolores Ballesteros Paez 13. Social Mobilization and the Public History of Slavery in the United States Stephen Small


SUMMARY The surface topography, gravity and geoid associated with loads situated at the base of the thermal lithosphere are computed. The model lithosphere is composed of a viscous lower layer with depth-dependent viscosity overlain by an elastic lid. When the viscosity varies strongly with depth, the amplitude of the surface topography decreases rapidly as the wavenumber characterizing the mass anomaly increases. The response for this two-layer lithosphere differs substantially from the response computed for the loading from below of an elastic lid. If the 200km wavelength geoid anomalies observed in the oceans are due to convective instabilities at the base of the lithosphere, a positive geoid anomaly with an amplitude reaching 30 to 50cm is expected over a cold downwelling for ages greater than 10 Myr. No detectable topography associated with the lineations should be present for ages greater than 20 Myr. Our model predicts that some topographic anomalies might be visible for younger ages. If 1000 km broad swells are due to light material at a depth of about 100 km, the associated geoid-over-topography ratios are quite reduced compared to those predicted by the long-wavelength linear relationship usually employed for estimating the apparent compensation depth.


Due to the rapid growth of social net services (SNSs), research into SNSs continuance has recently emerged as an important issue in information systems. This study develops an integrated model designed to predict older adults' continuance behavior toward SNSs based on the expectation-confirmation model (ECM), the task technology fit (TTF) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The hypothesized model is validated empirically using a sample collected from 232 older adults who had prior experience with SNSs and was tested against the proposed research model using structure equation modeling. Analysis results demonstrate that satisfaction has the most significant effect on older adults' continuance intention, followed by perceived usefulness and ttf. Furthermore, the two components of the TPB, subject norm and perceived behavioral control, also have a significant impact on SNSs continuance intention. Overall, this study provides evidence that an integrated model has a better explanatory power of older adults' SNSs continuance compared to either model


To perform search and rescue missions in multi-terrains after natural disasters, the amphibious robot we designed is equipped with four eccentric paddle modules. The module is based on the epicyclic gear mechanism, and by changing the paddle shaft's location we can achieve various gaits adapting amphibious environment. Regarding experimental results with the first generation prototype, named ePaddle-EGM, we proposed an improved one to achieve lightness, accuracy and stability. It is a scaled-down version whose transmission system has been simplified. The dustproof sealing is considered to ensure the stability and the position sensing system is optimized. The comparative analysis of ePaddle-EGM2 and ePaddle-EGM is presented in this paper and experiments of various gaits are conducted to verify the performance of the improved design.


Three hundred years ago,Johann Amos Comenius advanced the system of classroom teaching and learning which had standardized the form of teaching organization.Although many researcher inspected on classroom teaching and learning around all aspects,Synchronous teaching had occurred in classroom at school since then.This paper adopted an analytical perspective on history of concept,which is centered on aims,contents and methods,so as to reconceptualize the models of classroom teaching and learning from naturalism,idealism,pragmatism,structuralism to social constructivism,which use the frame of classroom teaching and learning to expound the meaning of the aims about self becoming by education.


Initiation of the Cone Gall of Witch Hazel: Ivey F. Lewis and Lucile Walton ......... ......... 419 A Relationship Between Cystine and Pyridoxal or Pyridoxamine in the Nutrition of Certain Bacteria: Marvin L. Speck and DorothyA. Pitt ...... ......... 420 Protection of Synaptic Transmission Against Block by Nicotine: C. A. G. Wiersma and William Schallek.... 421 Role of Inhibitors in Soybean: H. S. R. Desikachar and S. S. De ........... 421 Effect of Benzene Hexachloride on the Flavor of Poultry Meat: Ephriam Hixsbn and Martin H. Muma.... _ 422 In Vitro Resistance of the Genus Bacteroides to Streptomycin: George E. Foley ....... ................... 423 In the Laboratory A Method for Determining the Volume of Small Solid Objects: James M. Stewart ....................... 425


Multi-image interpolation in space and time has recently received considerable attention. Typically, the interpolated image is synthesized by adaptively blending several forward-warped images. Blending itself is a low-pass filtering operation: the interpolated images are prone to blurring, even if correspondences are perfect. Further-more, ghosting artifacts appear as soon as the underlying correspondence fields are imperfect. We address both issues and propose a multi-image interpolation algorithm that avoids blending. Instead, we cast multi-image interpolation as a labeling problem and decide for each pixel in the synthesized view from which input image to sample. Combined with a symmetrical long-range optical flow formulation for correspondence field estimation, our approach yields crisp interpolated images without ghosting artifacts.


The teaching reform task "Research and Practice on Stereoscopic Course Construction of Analog Electronic TechnologyBased on Ability Training"integrates classroom teaching(classroom, laboratory, Virtual workshop), social stage(community,competition), enterprise(production,scientific research, maintenance)and network resources into one body.Through this research, thepaper clarifies that combining learning with working embodied in the stereoscopic course construction of Analog ElectronicTechnology is the key to vocational ability training.


In this paper we extend earlier work on groups acting on Gaussian graphical models to Gaussian Bayesian networks and more general Gaussian models defined by chain graphs. We discuss the maximal group which leaves a given model invariant and provide basic statistical applications of this result. This includes equivariant estimation, maximal invariants and robustness. The computation of the group requires finding the essential graph. However, by applying Studeny's theory of imsets we show that computations for DAGs can be performed efficiently without building the essential graph. In our proof we derive simple necessary and sufficient conditions on vanishing sub-minors of the concentration matrix in the model.


We use an asymptotic expansion to study the behavior of shout options
close to expiry. Series solutions are obtained for the location of the free
boundary and the price of the option in that limit.


This project is an extension of the previous work done with the LawnNibbler® and LawnShark at the Machine Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Florida. The goal remains the same: to efficiently and intelligently mow grass in an environment typical of a person's lawn. Unlike its predecessors, this mower will use machine learning techniques to accomplish its task.


Aiming at the current maintenance of the lead-acid batteries on CDMA bases, this paper analyses the main reasons for the failure of the lead-acid batteries, puts forward the equipment for detecting the parameters of batteries and restoring the defective one, and develops the remote control platform to realize the simultaneous motoring of the battery working states on the base. With the data analysis, the automatic control can be achieved to charge, discharge and restore the batteries. The scientific and reasonable charge and discharge control can improve effectively the lead-acid battery working life and the maintenance efficiency of the spare batteries on the base, hence reducing the maintenance cost.


Many research has been conducted about quadratic programming and inverse optimization. In this paper we present the combination aspect of these subjects, applying on transportation problem. First, we obtain the inverse form of quadratic tranportation problem under $L_1$ norm by using duality as well as introducing the optimal value. Then, we do the same process for inverse quadratic transportation problem (IQTP) under $L_\infty$ norm.


The design of all air cannonball backfilling manipulator based on ladder diagram method was introduced.Some useful skills such as inspecting of the position of cylinder rod,the shifting of manual and automatic control,emergency stop were discussed.The puzzle of multi-zone shifting with single stroke valve was solved by expending stroke valve with 2/3 valve.The cooperation of manual and automatic operating manner was realized by shuttle valve.Operation for emergency stop was carried out by adding a relay valve.


On-line sewer flow forecasting is simulated in this study using an autoregressive transfer function rainfall-runoff model and a recursive procedure for parameter estimation. Reliable off-line estimates of the model parameters are assumed to be unavailable. Three recursive estimation algorithms are used: the time-invariant and time-varying versions of the recursive least-squares algorithm, and the Kalman filter interpretation of this algorithm. The sensitivity of the forecasting accuracy to the model order and to the initial conditions of the algorithm is studied using sewer flow data from the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District. It is observed that increasing the number of model parameters does not automatically improve the on-line forecasting results, although it does improve the off-line results. Also, the asymptotic properties of the recursive estimates appear to be better for the low-order models. It is observed that using the off-line identification results as the initial conditions for the recu...


The employment development trends of the graduates reflect the change of the social requirements.The personnel training target must and has to go hand in hand on a large scale with the social needs.As for the traffic transportation majors,the traffic transportation concept must be used as the guide.The traditional transportation system should be emphasized.The orientations of transportation economy and technology management should be expanded.The open training plan and network courses should be made.The professional training should be done in experiment,practice and graduation design etc.


Diabetes mellitus type-2 (DMT2) molecular pathophysiology is still challenging since the disease represents a complex, multifactorial metabolic disease caused by polygenic defects and environmental factors. In addition, the resulting secondary organ complications can be affected by various environmental and life-style factors over the years. The metabolic imbalance in DMT2 is manifested by the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells in secreting insulin and the inability of other tissue cells to respond to insulin and utilize blood glucose. However, over recent years, through the advances in genomics and molecular analysis, several genes and microRNAs have been shown to be correlated as potential biomarkers with DMT2 prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy. Furthermore, drug therapy and clinical pharmacology have benefited from pharmacogenomics in a manner where the molecular knowledge can be translated into clinical information aiming to improve precision and personalized medicine therapeutic methodologies in healthcare. In this work, using systems pharmacology and network analysis approaches, we comprehensively assessed the molecular and genomics data associated with DMT2 to: (a) Better understand miRNA, gene, and drug associations; (b) Create connectivity and interaction maps of practical clinical utility; and (c) Facilitate the application of precision medicine therapeutic decisions in group and individual patients. Moreover, in order for the clinical pharmacology guidelines to be implemented in parallel with the generated molecular data, we also carried out an assessment of drug interactions in specific pharmacological classes that affect DMT2 pharmacotherapy outcomes. Overall, the proposed methodology and the results obtained: (a) Enrich our understanding of DMT2 molecular pathophysiology; (b) Unveil important biomarker and drug-gene pharmacogenomics associations; (c) Help the use of personalized therapy options; and (d) Allow precision medicine concepts to be broadly exploited in new therapeutic developments and within the clinical setting.


The article analyzes the causes of conflicts between the legislature and the executive in Ukraine, reveals their factors and discusses technologies for resolving conflicts between branches of government. Considering the causes and settlement of conflicts in the interaction between the legislature and the executive in Ukraine, it should be noted that conflicts exist on the surface of relations between these two branches of government. Therefore, the author believes that there is no need to hope for resolving the existing conflicts in Ukraine between the legislature and the executive without deep and radical reforms in all spheres of public life.


Red-emitting carbon dots from pyrolysis of citric acid in formamide, which are intrinsically water-insoluble, were solubilized and stabilized by the fluorescent micelles formed by a nonionic silicone surfactant and an anionic surfactant, leading to the formation of full-color-emitting colloids with good biocompatibility and a variety of potential applications.


Let P be a packing of circular disks of radius ρ > 0 in the Euclidean, spherical, or hyperbolic plane. Let 0 ≤ λ ≤ ρ . We say that P is a λ -separable packing of circular disks of radius ρ if the family P (cid:48) of disks concentric to the disks of P having radius λ form a totally separable packing, i.e., any two disks of P (cid:48) can be separated by a line which is disjoint from the interior of every disk of F (cid:48) . This seems to be a new notion, which connects packings of circular disks of radius ρ (for λ = 0) to totally separable packings of circular disks of radius ρ (for λ = ρ ). In this note we extend several theorems on the density, tightness, and contact numbers of disk packings and totally separable disk packings to λ -separable packings of circular disks of radius ρ in the Euclidean, spherical, and hyperbolic plane . In particular, our upper bounds (resp., lower bounds) for the density (resp., tightness) of λ -separable packings of circular disks of radius ρ in the Euclidean plane are sharp for all 0 ≤ λ ≤ ρ . On the other hand, the bounds of similar results in the spherical and hyperbolic planes are not sharp for all 0 ≤ λ ≤ ρ although they do not seem to be far from the relevant optimal bounds either. The proofs use local analytic and elementary geometry and are based on the so-called refined Moln´ar decompositions .


Cruzeiro do Sul, the second most populous city in the State of Acre, is supplied mainly by groundwater. The most exploited aquifer in the region is the Içá-Solimões, of which little is known, despite being heavily exploited for decades. The present work aims, therefore, to study and characterize the Içá-Solimões Aquifer System (ISAS) in the region of Cruzeiro do Sul, in order to reduce this knowledge gap. The study was based on deep wells data from the Brazilian Geological Survey's groundwater database (SIAGAS CPRM portal) and the well inventory of Acre Water Authority. In situ data collected during a field campaign conducted in the region also played a major role in the study, which included piezometric data, water sampling, chemical and isotopic analyzes and their subsequent interpretation. The purpose was to get a better understanding of ISAS hydrogeological functioning and general characteristics. Results allowed identification of at least three geological layers with distinct hydrogeological characteristics in the system, within sandstones interbedded with argillites. The piezometric level map of the aquifer system showed a local flow trend from the higher areas of the city, with a tabular relief, toward the river valleys. Interpretation of chemical analyzes showed predominantly bicarbonate-sodium and, secondarily, bicarbonate-calcium water types, resulting from the dissolution of silica minerals, according to the author's interpretation. Deeper layers present a distinct hydrochemistry from the shallow ones, pointing to differentiated processes of water-rock interaction, both spatially and temporally. The isotopic results showed the presence of ancient waters in the deepest aquifer layers, with about 18 ka of age. Thus, potential recharge areas of the deep aquifer lie to the west, most likely in Peruvian territory.


Thermoelectric materials convert between heat and electricity without any emissions or vibrational parts, offering a sustainable solution to overcome the upcoming energy crisis. Compared with conventional bulk thermoelectric materials, layer-structured thermoelectric materials show unique advantage, such as superlow thermal conductivity and high power factor with enhanced thermoelectric performance, which has become a research focus in recent years. This chapter provides an overview on thermoelectric fundamentals and the strategies to enhance the thermoelectric performances. On the basis of fundamental analysis, several key strategies to engineer the thermoelectric parameters have been highlighted. Finally, the research progress of the state-of-art layer-structured thermoelectric materials has been summarized to understand and explain the underpinnings of the innovative breakthroughs in the last decade or so. We believe that recent achievements will augur the possibility for thermoelectric power generation and cooling and discuss several future directions which could lead to new exciting next generation of layerstructured thermoelectrics.


Background : The rural region of interest has one main central medical clinic and several smaller outlying clinics. The services available for weight management include dietetic services, community-based groups and bariatric surgery. At present, no formal area specific referral pathway exists for the treatment of overweight and obesity. Aims & rationale/Objectives : To investigate general practitioners': - assessment practices and experiences with overweight and obese clients - experience of different treatment options for overweight and obesity - perceived barriers to overweight and obesity management. Methods : A self-administered survey will be sent to general practitioners within the region of interest. The survey was designed to investigate current methods of assessing overweight and obesity; treatment options; and perceived barriers to successful weight management. Participants will also be offered a brief interview to discuss the following topics; Usefulness of NHMRC's Overweight and Obesity Guidelines; barriers and frustrations of weight management, GP's and dietitian's roles in overweight and obesity treatment. Principal findings : It is expected the principal findings will include details about methods used to determine overweight and obesity; factors considered when selecting patients for treatment; favoured treatment options of GPs; perceived barriers and frustrations of managing overweight and obese patients. Discussion : Overweight and obesity are significant health issues in Australia, with recent data indicating more than 60% of Australian adults are affected (NHMRC, 2003). Studies have also suggested that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher in rural populations (Coulson, 2005). GPs have been recognised as an important contributor in the treatment of overweight and obesity (Campbell, 2000). There have been guidelines produced to assist GPs, however the extent to which guidelines are utilised or their perceived effectiveness have not yet been investigated. Implications : It is thought that an investigation into current methods of assessing overweight and obesity; treatment options; and perceived barriers to successful weight management will provide valuable information to inform primary health care service provision and future quality improvement directions. Presentation type : Poster Session theme : Primary health care delivery


Mobile devices present the opportunity to continuously collect health data including movement and walking speed. Fitness trackers have become popular which record steps taken, distance walked and caloric expenditure. While useful for fitness purposes, medical monitoring requires precise accuracy and testing on real patients with a medically valid measure. Walking speed is closely linked to morbidity in patients and is also useful to determine distance walked during six-minute walk tests, a standard assessment for both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure. Current generation smartphone hardware contains similar sensor chips as medical devices and popular fitness devices. We develop a middleware, MoveSense, to provide comparable readings to medical accelerometers using only smartphones. We evaluate six methods developed for constrained treadmill walking to obtain gait speed during natural walking with older chronic pulmonary patients and train new models to predict speed and distance. Natural walking is walking without artificial speed constraints introduced during treadmill and nurse assisted walking. We also compare our model's accuracy to popular fitness devices. Our models produce accurate 6MWT distance and higher accuracy distance estimation than dedicated fitness devices during unconstrained walking on patients using a universally trained support vector machine model.


The goal of the study is to analyze the incidence of tuberculosis in the population of Samara Region, its changes and trends. Subjects and methods . The data on tuberculosis incidence in the population for 2000-2014 were analyzed, the data were provided by Samara Regional Rospotrebnadzor Directorate. Microsoft Excel was used for data visualization and ArcView 10.0 was used for mapping. Results . According to the performed analysis, tuberculosis incidence was growing in Samara Region, while in theRussian Federation the average rate was going down. Every year, the incidence among rural population exceeds the average long-term rate for the whole region. The part of notified cases of respiratory tuberculosis makes 93-97%. Three municipal regions, Bezenchuksky, Elkhovsky, and Koshkinsky, had the highest burden of respiratory tuberculosis. For many years, these regions have the highest incidence with a high portion of tuberculosis with a positive result of sputum test. Among towns in the region, Chapaevsk differed markedly with its high incidence of tuberculosis. From 2005 tuberculosis incidence in children has been gowning down. Every year the number of tuberculosis cases with multiple drug resistance and HIV co-infection is increasing.


EDITOR—In their riposte to my critique of post-traumatic stress disorder Mezey and Robbins cite me as advocating a "stiff upper lip" approach to adversity. 1 2 This is disingenuous: I was pointing to the tension between aspects of British identity traditionally grounded in stoicism and composure and the emergent demands of an expressive individualism.

Mezey and Robbins pay …


Cooperatives have purpose to prosper their members. Cooperatives are expected to play an active role in raising their standard of living. A cooperative has several types of business units in order to fulfill the purpose, for example rental business. Rental occurs because of short-term and urgent needs of consumers. Rental business has been promoted online but there are a lot of ordering phases done manually. Cooperative needs a rental marketplace application so cooperative can be more productive. This rental marketplace is a web based application and developed using Extreme Programming method which perceptive to user's need. Laravel framework with PHP programming language was used to build this application. The  conclusion  of this research is this system is able to facilitate the process of renting goods, providing accurate information about rental goods, and expanding the cooperative business sector.


Abstract Dynamic Route Guidance System, which can provide the drivers with the optimal routes, is one of the most efficient solutions to the traffic jam. This paper presents a bee inspired zonal vehicle routing algorithm to provide a reasonable and effective optimal route for the Dynamic Route Guidance System. Firstly, the proposed algorithm divided the whole traffic network into different traffic guidance zone based on Shapley value game. Then, real time traffic data was collected in each traffic guidance zone by inter-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. Ultimately, the proposal simulated the bee foraging phenomenon in the biological system to synchronously compute the optimal routes in each traffic guidance zone. The simulation results show that the algorithm


We analyse the process $\tau^-\to\nu_\tau\pi^-\pi^0$ allowing for anomalous weak charged current magnetic and electric dipole moment interactions and determine the effects on the differential and total decay rates. Using recent experimental data we determine the following values for the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moment parameters, respectively:
$\kappa = 0.16 \pm 0.08; and |\tilde\kappa| = 0.88^{+0.25}_{-0.35}.$


Relaxation nethods for optimal network flow problems resemble classical coordinate descent, Jacobi, and Gauss-Seidel methods for solving unconstrained nonlinear optimization problems or systems of nonlinear equations. In their pure form they modify the dual variables (node prices) one at a time using only local node information while aiming to improve the dual cost. They are particularly well suited for distributed implementation on massively parallel machine. For problems with strictly convex arc costs they can be shown to converge even if relaxation at each node is carried from neighboring nodes [I].


How does an employee who perceives him or her as inefficacious contribute to the organization? In this study, it is theorized that individuals with low self-efficacy in work can contribute more to the group or organization, by intensively conducting extra-role behaviors, than their counterparts with high self-efficacy. Low-efficacy individuals are expected to make attempts to relocate their resources into extra-role behaviors such as OCBs from in-role behaviors, at which they perceive relatively disadvantaged. The two-level data generally support the above expectations. In addition, the positive impact of perceived low self- efficacy on OCBs is moderated by individual differences, Neuroticism and bisociative cognitive styles.


A field study was initiated to learn about the effects of various telephone transmission and switching conditions on the algorithms currently used in the Bell Laboratories, LPC‐based, isolated word recognizer. Digit recordings were obtained from customers over a variety of transmission facilities. During a 23‐day recording period a total of 11 035 isolated digits were recorded. For each recording statistics were recorded about the line condition, the background environment, and the customer's ability to speak his telephone number as a sequence of isolated digits. Also recorded was information about the ability of the automatic work endpoint detector to find each spoken digit and to accurately determine the correct endpoints. The results of several recognition tests are presented—one in which a previously defined set of laboratory created digit reference templates was used, and several others where new sets of reference templates were created from a subset of the recorded digits. It is shown that the perfo...


Meltrin b/ADAM19 is a member of ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteases), which are a family of membrane-anchored glycoproteins that play important roles in fertilization, myoblast fusion, neurogenesis, and proteolytic processing of several membrane-anchored proteins. The expression pattern of meltrin b during mouse development coincided well with that of neuregulin-1 (NRG), a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Then we examined whether meltrin b participates in the proteolytic processing of membrane-anchored NRGs. When NRG-b1 was expressed in mouse L929 cells, its extracellular domain was constitutively processed and released into the culture medium. This basal processing activity was remarkably potentiated by overexpression of wild-type meltrin b, which lead to the significant decrease in the cell surface exposure of extracellular domains of NRGb1. Furthermore, expression of protease-deficient mutants of meltrin b exerted dominant negative effects on the basal processing of NRG-b1. These results indicate that meltrin b participates in the processing of NRGb1. Since meltrin b affected the processing of NRG-b4 but not that of NRG-a2, meltrin b was considered to have a preference for b-type NRGs as substrate. Furthermore, the effects of the secretory pathway inhibitors suggested that meltrin b participates in the intracellular processing of NRGs rather than the cleavage on the cell surface.


The Saturation algorithm for symbolic state-space generation, has been a recent breakthrough in the exhaustive verification of complex systems, in particular globally-asynchronous/locally-synchronous systems. The algorithm uses a very compact Multiway Decision Diagram (MDD) encoding for states and the fastest symbolic exploration algorithm to date. The distributed version of Saturation uses the overall memory available on a network of workstations (NOW) to efficiently spread the memory load during the highly irregular exploration. A crucial factor in limiting the memory consumption during the symbolic state-space generation is the ability to perform garbage collection to free up the memory occupied by dead nodes. However, garbage collection over a NOW requires a nontrivial communication overhead. In addition, operation cache policies become critical while analyzing large-scale systems using the symbolic approach. In this technical report, we develop a garbage collection scheme and several operation cache policies to help on solving extremely complex systems. Experiments show that our schemes improve the performance of the original distributed implementation, SmArTN ow, in terms of time and memory efficiency.


Introduction: Giant cell tumor of bone involves the epiphysis of long bones  commonly. Axial skeleton is the rare site for the tumor. Metastasis of this tumor is very rare which is seen in lungs, lymph nodes and liver. It is extremely rare to find metastasis in the occipital bone.
Material and method: A retrospective study of giant cell tumor of bone was done over a period of two years. We found a total of 65 cases in the study period. Each case was analysed according to age, sex and site.
Result: A total of 65 cases were studied in two year period. Most of the cases (49.23%) were seen in the third decade and had a little female predilection (55.38%). The most common location in our study was around the knee (70.77%) followed by distal radius and proximal humerus. We also had two cases involving  rare location i.e. C7 vertebra and temporal bone. Interestingly one of our cases also presented with pulmonary metastasis followed by occipital bone metastasis six and twenty year after primary tumor respectively.
Conclusion: Giant cell tumor of bone is a tumor of epiphysis of long bones but can be found in other parts of  other bones too. It is a benign tumor but has the potential for distal metastasis so follow up of  the patients is required especially in case of primary tumor of upper limbs.
Keywords: Giant cell tumor, Rare location, Skull metastasis.


Despite their widespread popularity, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems engender continuing controversy. To reduce P2P's high network cost, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have installed network devices that detect and block P2P traffic. These devices angered subscribers because they also increased download times. For that reason, application developers have begun obfuscating their traffic to avoid ISP-detection. This "cat and mouse" game portends a broader shift. If ISPs remedy the relationship with P2P developers now, developers may cooperate with them to develop network-efficient protocols in the future. Our proposal makes a noteworthy contribution in this direction.


Ethical Business Missteps: The Former and Current State of Affairs The Nature of Business and Managerial Ethics Understanding Corporate Citizenship: Social Responsibility, Responsiveness, and Performance A Stakeholder Approach to Socially Responsible and Ethical Behavior Why Unethical Behavior Occurs in Organizations Unethical Behavior in Action: Beech-Nut, E.F. Hutton and the Case of John Gutfreund at Salomon Brothers Enron: How Failure of Leadership, Culture and Unethical Behavior Brought a Giant To Its Knees Making Sense of Stakeholder' Culpability in the Enron Demise Ethical Turnaround in Action: Warren Buffett at Salomon Brothers Institutionalizing Ethics: A Proactive Approach to Countering Unethical Behavior Developing and Maintaining Ethical Employee-Employer Relationships Restoring Ethics Consciousness to the Workplace


This study developed the Automated Medical Error Risk Assessment System (Auto-MERAS), which was incorporated into the electronic health record system. The system itself maintained high predictive validity for medication errors at the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of above 0.80 at the time of development and validation. This study has found possibilities to predict the risk of medication errors that are sensitive to situational and environmental risks without additional data entry from nurses.


OBJECTIVES
To establish the incidence of graft stenosis in a large population of patients undergoing femorodistal bypass procedures and to investigate the differences in incidence between individual surgical centres and other subpopulations.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 277 patients with femorodistal bypasses underwent duplex scanning of vein grafts for 12 months for the detection of graft stenoses. A standard definition of a significant stenosis was used in all twenty participating centres.

RESULTS
Overall stenosis rate was 27%. Stenoses were more common in composite vein grafts (43%) than in single segment vein grafts (25%) p=0.05. Stenoses were more common in female patients (38%) than males (22%) p=0.02. Stenosis rates in individual centres entering more than 20 patients varied from 9% to 56%. In a multiple regression analysis only aspirin use, sex and centre were significant factors predicting the likelihood of graft stenosis.

CONCLUSION
Female patients, those taking aspirin and patients with composite vein grafts appear to be more at risk of graft stenosis, but this does not fully explain wide variations in the incidence of stenoses reported by individual centres.


Millisecond X-ray pulsars have weak magnetic dipole moments of ∼10 16 Tm 3 compared to ordinary X-ray pulsars with dipole moments of 10 20 Tm 3 . For this reason a surrounding accretion disc can extend closer to the millisecond X-ray pulsars, and thus reach a higher temperature, at which the opacity is dominated by electron scattering and radiation pressure is strong. We compute the self-similar structure of such a geometrically thin axisymmetric accretion disc with an internal dynamo. Such models produce significantly stronger torques on the neutron star than models without dynamos, and can explain the strong spin variations in some millisecond X-ray pulsars.


Abstract : In August 1966, an underwater research club, conducted an experiment with an underwater house, 'Ikhtiandr-66.' Aquanauts spent a total of 168 hours in the underwater house at a depth of 11 meters. While not denying the importance of mastering great depths as quickly as possible, the underwater research club 'Ikhtiandr' proposes tackling complex problems which can be solved by underwater laboratories submerged at depths up to 30 meters. (Author)


Traditionally, dependency theory has been developed for uninterpreted data. Specifically, the only assumption that is made about the data domains is that data values can be compared for equality. However, data is often interpreted and there can be advantages in considering it as such, for instance obtaining more compact representations as done in constraint databases. This paper considers dependency theory in the context of interpreted data. Specifically, it studies constraint-generating dependencies. These are a generalization of equality-generating dependencies where equality requirements are replaced by constraints on an interpreted domain. The main technical results in the paper are a general decision procedure for the implication and consistency problems for constraint-generating dependencies, and complexity results for specific classes of such dependencies over given domains. The decision procedure proceeds by reducing the dependency problem to a decision problem for the constraint theory of interest, and is applicable as soon as the underlying constraint theory is decidable. The complexity results are, in some cases, directly lifted from the constraint theory; in other cases, optimal complexity bounds are obtained by taking into account the specific form of the constraint decision problem obtained by reducing the dependency implication problem.


Approximately 10% of the population claim to be allergic to penicillins, but only approximately 10%-30% of these have IgE-mediated reactions to penicillin skin tests. Alternatives to penicillins may be less effective, more toxic, and more expensive. Therefore, we used decision analysis to calculate maximum expected utility and minimum cost for skin-testing or not skin-testing patients who have endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus that is susceptible to cloxacillin and who have a questionable history of immediate-type hypersensitivity to penicillin. We used known probabilities of intermediate outcomes, actual costs, and measured utilities and included one-way sensitivity analysis. Whether utility, cost, or average cost-utility was the outcome of interest, skin-testing was preferred to no skin-testing in most conditions. Patients who have endocarditis due to S. aureus that is susceptible to cloxacillin and who also have a questionable history of immediate-type hypersensitivity to penicillin should be skin-tested before starting antibiotic therapy.


Donkey-tailed grass is a poaceae, considered a recent weed in soybean crops and its increasing the infestation's levels and the difficulty of control. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different doses of herbicides applied alone or mixed, to control dunk-grass at different stages of development. Three experiments were conducted, first one in greenhouse with new plants and two experiments in the field with clumps. The treatments were glyphosate; fluazifop; sethoxydim; fenoxaprop; clethodim; quizalofop; haloxyfop; pinoxaden, nicosulfuron; glufosinate and mixtures of glyphosate with clethodim, quizalofop, haloxyfop or sethoxydim. Treatments with glyphosate, alone or mixed, showed higher levels of control in all experiments. Glyphosate, glufosinate, clethodim, haloxyfop and sethoxydim were effective in the control of new plants. For the clumps' management, glyphosate and haloxyfop alone demonstrated efficiency greater than 90% independent of the dose and clethodim and sethoxydim in the highest dose. The herbicides pinoxaden and nicosulfuron are not alternatives to donkey-tailed grass control.


The most powerful method to date of reducing quantum noise—Kimble's cavity parametric deamplifier—eliminates 95% of this noise but requires a full optical table of sophisticated equipment. The questions remains whether such methods can be made useful. In some very difficult and esoteric experiments, such as gravity wave detection, even quite laborious techniques may make the overall experiment only marginally more difficult. In other types of measurement, such as infrared spectroscopy and optical data storage and retrieval, much simpler and more flexible devices with similar power will be required.


Livestock production is an integral part of agriculture in the District. Nearly every household in the district keeps some kind of livestock along side crop production. Livestock production in the district enables individuals and families to earn income, access meat protein and serve other cultural purposes. However, the production of livestock has adverse impact on land. The paper assesses the land carrying capacity of livestock production in the Wa West District of Upper West Region of Ghana. Ten communities were purposely selected in the district for the study and it employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to the collection and analysis of data. Both approaches were supported by review of published and unpublished materials. The paper found that the land in the Wa West District has the capacity to accommodate more livestock production. Improved and innovative husbandry practices are required as a policy measure for addressing the environmental challenges associated with livestock production in the district.


A 41 year-old male with no prior history of seizure disorder presented to the emergency department complaining of four "seizure" episodes which began a few hours prior to arrival. Within minutes of triage, one of the episodes was witnessed and inconsistencies with seizure activity including an absence of clonus, consciousness throughout the event and lack of a post-ictal state were noted. Further examination led to discovery of an untreated laceration on the patient's left hand which had been sustained 1-week prior on a rusted metal fence. More extensive history also revealed recurrent episodes of muscle spasm in his left hand which preceding the generalized attacks. A presumptive diagnosis of wound tetanus with secondary, generalized manifestation was made and the patient was treated with local and intramuscular tetanus immunoglobulin as well as intravenous metronidazole and diazepam. The patient was admitted to the Neurologic Intensive Care Unit and, after 1 week of therapy, made a full recovery. While rare in the developed world, acute tetanus remains a disease associated with a significant morbidity and mortality (even in the United States). The high rate of lapsed adult immunization as well as the prevalence of insufficient effective antibodies even in those sufficiently immunized mandates vigilance on the part of the emergency physicians-particularly in patients with atypical neurological presentations.


This paper describes a method for exploring executable architects along 3 dimensions: DoDAF elements, modeling language implementations (such as IDEF, UML, SysML and BPMN) and modeling formalism. It then begins to explore this question along 2 of these dimensions, as a means to describe a method for future work. A subset of DoDAF views is provided as a foundational context for problem space investigation. The 52 views available under DoDAF 2.0 are broad and diverse and beyond the scope of an executable architecture focus. This paper distills this set down to 18 DoDAF 2.0 views. Secondly the paper arrays four modeling language areas (Structured, UML, SysML and BPMN) against this subset of DoDAF views to assess for elemental goodness of fit. Results show SysML as the strongest candidate. More importantly results lay the ground work for addressing modeling gaps against the DoDAF executable architecture elemental subset, suggesting these gaps may be a basis for describing essential elements, particularly as modeling is expanded into simulation.


The invention discloses a line-interactive power control system which is applied to an external element. The line-interactive power control system comprises at least a power converter, a plurality of charge-discharge controllers, an external element control unit, and a microcontroller. The power converter converts an input power to output at least a converted voltage. The plurality of charge-discharge controllers charges a first storage battery and a second storage battery according to the converted voltages. The external element control unit controls the external element according to the converted voltages, or the first storage battery and the second storage battery. The microcontroller detects a state of the line-interactive power control system, controls the plurality of charge-discharge controllers, to adjust the first and the second storage batteries' power supply for the external element control unit.


The literature on racial residential segregation in American metropolitan areas reports contradictory findings on the decade of the sixties. Some researchers have concluded that average scores declined between 1960 and 1970, while other point to evidence of increases. This paper presents tract-based indexes for all 237 SMSAs (and their central cities) in 1970 and a comparable set of indexes for 1960. These are also cross-tabulated against region, population size, and minority proportion. Several conclusions are drawn: (1) overall, the data indicate a general decline in the average level of segregation between 1960 and 1970; (2) much of that decline is due to the relatively low scores among SMSAs added during the decade; (3) contradictory findings reported in the literature are likely to be due to sampling or other methodological inconsistencies; and (4) clear variations in levels of segregation persist with regard to region, population size, and minority proportion. The importance of these findings for future research is discussed.


Joint-stock colleges represent a new educational institution form,as an exploratory attempt to diversify the higher education system.However,due to constraints of the current social and economic development and the overall educational structure,the development of joint-stock colleges in China has encountered difficulties.To promote their steady and healthy development,this paper analyzes the major difficulties plaguing the development of joint-stock colleges,and proposes some basic ideas about,and the corresponding strategies for,tackling the problems.


Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO‐D) deficiency is responsible for two forms of genetic cutaneous porphyria: familial porphyria cutanea tarda (f‐PCT) and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP). The f‐PCT transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, is characterized by photosensitive cutaneous lesions frequently associated to hepatic dysfunction and is precipitated by various ecogenic factors. The HEP, transmitted as a recessive trait, is more severe than f‐PCT and would be considered as the homozygous form of f‐PCT. For the mutational analysis of f‐PCT patients, the entire URO‐D gene was amplified and each exon, intron‐exon boundaries and the promoter region were cycle sequenced. Five mutations were found in 6 unrelated families studied, of these, two were new: a nonsense mutation in exon 6 (W159X) and a splice defect in intron 9 (IVS9‐1G→C). The other two missense mutations, P62L and A80G, had been previously reported in the homozygous state in HEP families. The g10insA, reported in our laboratory, was again identified in other two unrelated families. In addition 3 novel URO‐D polymorphisms in non‐coding regions were found. The reverse transcription‐PCR and sequencing of the splice mutation carrier's RNA did not reveal the presence of an abnormal mRNA, suggesting that no stable transcript from the mutated allele is synthesized. These results increase to 39 the number of mutations identified in the URO‐D gene; 4 of them causing both HEP and f‐PCT. Hum Mutat 16:269–270, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A time-domain synchronous OFDM(TDS-OFDM) system with a binary all pass(BAP) sequence as the guard interval padding was developed to achieve simple accurate channel estimation based upon the principle of time/frequency duality.Guard interval padding with the Legendre sequence or its inverse discrete Fourier transform(IDFT) is used to achieve better aperiodic auto-correlation.The low complexity time-domain correlation can be used to improve synchronization at the receiver,with the low complexity channel estimate obtained using an FFT-aided periodic cross-correlation or discrete Fourier transform(DFT) with an arithmetic Fourier transform(AFT).The scheme gives more accurate channel estimates without any change of the system architecture.Simulations show that the scheme gives a signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) improvement of about 0.4 dB over a frequency-selective fading channel compared with PN sequence padding.


Toilet rolls, until recently, did not often feature in my thoughts. Quilted or double thickness, sea jade or oyster pink, their various qualities passed me by, although I had noticed that these days you see less of that stuff in a box whose properties - thin, shiny, scratchy -seemed to buck all loo roll logic.


Background  Socialisation into a community involves learning sanctioned ways of talking. This study investigates the case presentation genre as a site of socialisation into the clinical community of practice.


THE PRESENT experiments indicate that the primary fate of leucine in sciatic nerve is catabolism rather than incorporation into protein, and that myelin incorporates relatively large proportions of leucine metabolites. The primary fate of brain leucine appears to be direct and rapid incorporation into protein synthesis (LAITHA, 1959; ROBERTS & MOKELOS, 1965; PATEL & BALAZS, 1970; B A N K ~ R & COTMAN, 1971): however, a large proportion of leucine in the brain free pool is oxidized, producing C 0 2 (SCIWARTZ. 1963; SADASIVUDU & LAJTHA. 1970: ODESSEY & GOLDBERG. 1972; CHAPLIN e? a/., 1976) and dicarboxylic acids (ROBERTS & MORELOS: 1965: BERt. & FRIGYESI, 1968, 1969: PATEL & BALAZS. 1969, 1970: BANKER & COTMAN, 1971; SCHOTMAN et al., 1974). When using labelled leucine as a precursor of brain protein synthesis, despite the formation of substantial proportions of labelled glutamate and aspartate, very little of the radioactivity appearing in protein occurs in the form of these metabolic products; rather, almost all hound radioactivity is in the form of leucyl (ROWRTS & MORFLOS, 1965: BEN. & FRIGYESI. 1969; DLINN, 1977). The synthesis of labelled lipid using ['HI or [U-'"C] labelled leucine as a precursor of brain radioactivity is negligible in proportion to the appearance of Iabclled dicarboxylic acids (PATEL & BALAZS, 1970; BANKER & COTMAN, 1971; SCHOTMAN et al.. 1974). [I-'"C]Leucine offers a particular advantage in that oxidative metabolism involvcs. as a first stcp, dccarboxylation to COz and consequently there is no accumulation of labelled metabolites (BANKER & COTMAN, 1971). Therefore. the incorporation of ['"C] radioactivity into protein, when using [1-'4C]leucine as a precursor. is a direct measure of leucine incorporation into protein. In our use of both the [l-'"C] and [4,5-3H] labelled forms of leucine in double isotope studies of myelin synthesis (WIGGINS et ul., 1976; WIGGINS & FULLER. in press), wc have obscrved trends indicating that myelin is atypical among brain and sciatic nerve subcellular membranes with regard to the incorporation of ['HI radioactivity rclative to ['"C] radioactivity.


The importance of technical change, through the innovative activity of industry, has received a lot of attention in the regional economic literature. Regional policy has now begun to reflect the changing emphasis in the recent literature, and especially the key role of inventive activity in achieving long-run self-sustaining regional growth. This paper concentrates on research activities in terms of inventive inputs (R&D) and innovative outputs (especially patented innovations). In general the results suggest that there is a low level of technological activity in Northern Ireland, especially in industries that are characterized as being technologically advanced. This is partly because external ownership reduces R & D activity which in turn reduces innovation outputs but there is also a problem in that companies in Northern Ireland are relatively unsuccessful at producing new products and processes of the type and quality required in the market place. The availability of government-sponsored R & D grants s...


We have developed a new set of eight electric field mills that were flown on a NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft. During the Third Convection And Moisture EXperiment (CAMEX-3; Fall, 1998), measurements of electric field, storm dynamics, and ice microphysics were made over several hurricanes. Concurrently, the TExas-FLorida UNderflights (TEFLUN) program was being conducted to make the same measurements over Gulf Coast thunderstorms. Sample measurements are shown: typical flight altitude is 20km. Our new mills have an internal 16-bit A/D, with a resolution of 0.25V/m per bit at high gain, with a noise level less than the least significant bit. A second, lower gain channel gives us the ability to measure fields as high as 150 kV/m.


Categorizing paintings into different classes is a very important way of artistic criticism in ancient China.Typical criticism conception respectively reflected a great transformation upon Chinese painting aesthetics between Tang dynasty and Song dynasty.During periods of Song and Yuan dynasties,"class of leisure" upgraded to become the highest class for painting quality,and became a dominant aesthetical trend and value for literati painting.Such transformation related directly to "Chinese ink game" created by literati.What is Chinese ink game? It means playing game with Chinese ink and writing out the sense of leisure reflecting literati's interest,inspiration,and personality.The class of leisure gradually and definitely became the highest aesthetical criterion in Chinese ink game.


Case reports of complete uterine prolapsed in a Gir cattle and a Jaffrabadi buffalo are presented. The complete uterine prolapsed cow and buffalo with inability to stand were treated. Applying gentle pushing and meticulous pressure on the prolapsed uterine mass repositioned the uterine horns normally in both, and both the animals were treated for prevention of uterine infection with antibiotics, anti-infl ammatory and antihistaminic drugs. Both the animals recovered completely without any future reproductive complication.


The offshore wind turbines have been developed in a lot of aspects in the last years, but the big companies are still researching for new techniques that help improve the systems. We propose a new methodology to implement the automatic maintenance system using self-growing colored Petri nets developed in Labview, extendable to other industry systems.


Out-college practice base plays an important role in higher vocational education,in the combination of industry,academic studies and scientific research,and in cultivating high-quality personnel,because this practice base provides first-class facilities,front management and occupation notion.It's not difficult to find an out-college practice base;however,it's hard to build a steady long-run and multi-aspect cooperation out-college practice base.Based on the above,the paper comes up with five working mechanisms.


Lecture notes from the Integration Workshop at University of Arizona, August 2018. These notes are based heavily on notes from previous integration workshops written by Philip Foth, Tom Kennedy, Shankar Venkataramani and others.


This article discusses the relationship of models mediapolitiki of the political regime. Examines the principles mediapolitiki under an authoritarian, totalitarian and democratic regimes.


A series of 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones was prepared by the cyclization of substituted 2-aminopyridines with βketocarboxylic esters in polyphosphoric acid or in mixtures of the latter with phosphoryl chloride. Catalytic hydrogenation (over palladium on charcoal or Raney nickel) of the products afforded the corresponding 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyridopyrimidinones. Thermal treatment of the 6-substituted derivatives gave 1,8-naphthyridin-4-ones in high yields. Oxo to thio exchange was successful only with substrates unsubstituted at C-6.


The article analyzes representations of SAimi culture in exhibitions and museums, as they have developed through history. Changing narratives and politics concerning the Sami can be identified, from the "VA¶lkerschau" with live Sami and reindeer at zoos and World Fairs, to the development of ethnographic collections and museums, and ending in present postcolonial reflections on the political consequences of the representing the "Other". The colonial history of this field requires an ongoing reflection on how these exhibited narratives of the SAimi have been presented and told in specific contexts, and how they relate to other more generalized meta-narratives about indigenous people. The discussion tries to identify these narratives as they are told with the help of cultural objects in glass showcases, wax models in natural habitats, artificial dioramas in museums, and elaborated commentaries and texts. Exhibitors and museum professionals have not merely been descriptive in their work, but also interpretative. Current museum exhibitions about the SAimi must be understood in the light of the authority of earlier narratives, ethnographies, and politics of representation.


Automated assessment of computer programs submitted by students serves two main purposes: it may be used to increase grading efficiency and process optimization in large courses on one hand. On the other hand, if integrated properly into a suitable learning context, it may also improve student learning by supporting tutoring capabilities. Both aspects have been important in developing aSQLg, an automated grader for SQL statements ([1]). Unfortunately aSQLg so far only supports SQL queries. In order to provide a comprehensive efficiency and tutoring tool for SQL an extension to statements of the data manipulation (DML) and data definition language (DDL) is required. On this poster we present concepts for auto-grading of the most important DML and DDL statements as well as ideas on how to integrate those into the existing aSQLg grader.


A much–studied type of Wiener–Hopf theory may be put in a clean rigorous form because of a surprising contraction property of certain 'half–winding' operators. The key idea for the proof is presented in section 2 here; and it gives more precise information (and is more interesting) than the contraction property itself.


This research aims to analyze Artificial Insemination Children's Standing anddiscover Their Hereditary Right from a Deceased Father viewed in Indonesia'sPositive Law. Judgment will affect to whether artificial insemination from the deceasedhusband's sperm can be performed or not. Further, the judgment that decidethe artificial insemination can be performed will affect children's standing from adeceased father. If the children are born alive, then the standing is legal based on Article 250 of Civil Code, Islamic Law (Sharia law), and customary law. In addition,customary law claims the standing as adopt them on culture. Artificial inseminationchildren's hereditary right from a deceased father has the right to inherit (asheir). DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v11i3.5475. How to cite item: Susanto, C., Siti Hamidah, S., & Rachmi Sulistyarini, R. (2020). Kedudukan hukum dan hak waris anak hasil inseminasi buatan dari ayah yang telah meninggal. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum , 11(3). 302-312.doi:10.26905/idjch.v11i3.5475.


1Introduction Heteroatom-stabilized carbenium ions have been widely recognized as potential electrophilic reagents.However, in contrast with the extensive works on thionium ion series, the highly labile character of selenoxide functionalities has caused serious limitation in the synthetic use in spite of their wide potentiality as synthetic equivalents of electrophilic selonium ions. In this paper, novel generation of selonium ions and the synthetic uses of the species for Pummerer-type α-functionalization and for cycloaddition by using the novel dienophilic behavior of π-conjugated selonium cations.


Increasing application of nanotechnology highlights the need to clarify nanotoxity and nanoparticles characterization. However, few researches have focused on phytotoxicity of nanoparticles. This study was to examine phytotoxicity on Cumumis sativus seedling and the dissolution of Zn, ZnO nanoparticles in hydroponic culture system. Results of this study; characteristics of Zn, ZnO nanoparticles are more aggregated in nutrient solution than deionized water. C. sativus biomass significantly reduced in the nutrient solution were higher than 100 mg/L, and Zn toxicity showed > Zn> ZnO NPs. Results of transmission electron microscopy images, Zn and ZnO nanoparticles greatly adhered onto the root cell wall and nanoparticles were observed in the root cell.


Abstract 1689 [][1]

Introduction: To better counsel our patients on the role of auto SCT for patients with AML we studied consecutive individuals in CR 1 who had tissue compatible siblings and underwent allogeneic (allo) SCT with subjects who had no HLA donor and actually underwent auto SCT.

Methods: Patients were in CR 1 following induction combinations containing 7 days of cyatarabine and etoposide with 3 days daunorubicin followed by similar consolidation therapy. The choice for the type of graft was based on availability of HLA identical siblings. Allogeneic donors underwent PBPC mobilisation with filgrastim and for GvHD prophylaxis grafts were exposed ex vivo to alemtuzumab 1mg/1010 mononuclear cells. Patients were prescribed cyclosporin until day 90 post transplant. Individuals lacking a donor underwent PBPC mobilization with etoposide 2 gr/m2 and harvested PBPC were cryopreserved. Patients received similar myeloablative conditioning followed by infusion of the grafts. Patients were stratified by clinical and laboratory factors as well as cytogenetic risk. The end points were TRM, DFS and OS.

Results: The median presentation age for both transplant groups was 35 (14-60) years. Of the 112 consecutive patients achieving remission 37 had HLA identical siblings, but 3 relapsed and donors became unavailable in 2. Thus, autologous or allogeneic grafts were actually transplanted to 43 and 32 patients respectively. There was no significant difference in the presentation clinical features, laboratory parameters, marrow morphology or proportion of low and intermediate cytogenetic risk for both transplant options. Treatment mortality as well as relapse rate was similar (14 and 15%; 39 and 27%, respectively). At a median of 1609 and 1819 post transplant days, 56% and 63% in each group survive. In univariate analysis performance status, cytogenetic risk, morphological features of dysplasia, blast count and LDH were significant factors for survival. While for the entire group there was no difference in survival between both modalities, all patients with unfavourable cytogenetics receiving an autologous graft died of disease recurrence (3 year survival 35% vs 0%; p= 0.05).

Conclusions: We conclude that patients with AML who have low or intermediate cytogenetic risk undergoing myeloablative conditioning followed by autologous or allogeneic T-cell depleted stem cell transplantation appeared to have similar outcome. However, those with unfavourable karyotype are unlikely to be cured with autologous grafts and are candidates for experimental modalities.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #fn-2


Abstract:In a series of interviews conducted in 2020, anthropologist Maria Grosz-Ngaté looks back on her career, which began with research on work, migration, gender, and social change in Mali's Ségou region. In her reflections, Dr. Grosz-Ngaté discusses her research, her time as associate director of Indiana University's African Studies Program, and her role as an associate editor of Africa Today. A major theme that ran throughout the conversation is her long-standing commitment to the decolonization of knowledge. Dr. Grosz-Ngaté shares her personal experience working toward this goal and discusses ways in which research could become more collaborative and better incorporate perspectives and knowledge from the continent.


The bamboo enterprises involving handicraft making and culm vending in Mvera, Dowa district, Malawi were studied from October to December 2003. The aims of the research were to find out the contribution of bamboo enterprises to household income and the management practices of the bamboo handicraft makers and bamboo collectors, and the activities of stakeholders in the bamboo industries in Mvera. Eighteen respondents were randomly selected from the bamboo culm vending community for questionnaire survey and stratified random sampling was used to select 74 respondents from bamboo handicraft making villages. Focus groups discussions on issues of bamboo enterprises were conducted in each of the five villages selected. Perceived stakeholders were consulted to examine their roles in bamboo enterprises. It was found that an average bamboo handicraft maker used 681 bamboo culms per year and an average bamboo culm vendor cut 1146 culms per year. It was also found that an average bamboo handicraft maker obtained MK 20 684 (US$ 190) per year from the cash sales of assorted handicrafts and an average bamboo culm vendor obtained MK 10 833 (US$ 100) per year from bamboo culm cash sales. An average bamboo entrepreneur obtained MK 3251 (US$ 30) from farm cash sales. However, the average bamboo entrepreneur consumed an amount of their own farm produce worth MK 26 679 (US$ 247), which was about 1.5 times as much as average bamboo income of MK 18 417 (US$ 170). All respondents indicated that the income from bamboo enterprise was mainly for household petty cash, i.e., hand-to-mouth consumption. No significant bamboo management practices were carried out by the entrepreneurs. Bamboos were naturally growing in Thuma Forest Reserve, where most of the bamboos were collected. A few stakeholders in bamboo enterprise and resource management were merely involved in actual promotion of bamboo handicraft industry and actual bamboo management by their policies and interventions.


Understanding and predicting human mobility is currently one of the most interesting and challenging objectives of big data analytics, with many scientific issues and large impact applications. In this context, the mobility of visitors within a touristic area (from small cities to whole countries) represents a very specific yet important case, with its own specificities and high economical and social impact. In this thesis, we aim to study methods and algorithms for modeling tourists' mobility in urban settings, with the twofold objective of better understanding the choice criteria adopted to plan the visit, and predicting the destinations of visitors, which can be valuable tools for city management and the simulation of what-if scenarios. The approaches considered in this work are tailored around social network data sources providing positioning information about their users, and in particular experimental evaluations are performed on Flickr data. In the first part of the work two main driving criteria for choosing the next visited location of a user are considered: Willingness to move far away vs the popularity of the place to visit. Empirical results on Venice – which is a representative of massively touristic cities – suggest that both play an important role for most visitors, with some minorities almost exclusively driven by only one of them, and virtually nobody moving randomly. In the second and largest part of the thesis, we compare several sequence prediction approaches on the task of predicting the next point-of-interest in a user's itinerary. The candidate solutions include standard Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), Sequential Rule Mining (SRM), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and a Hybrid model that mixes the first two basic methods. Empirical evaluations suggest that HMMs and SRM have a limited accuracy in this kind of task, yet with complementary strengths that are successfully exploited by the Hybrid combination model reaching significant improvements. Finally, RNNs showed the best performances among all the approaches, in spite of the relatively limited size of the training dataset available.


We formalize the intuitive idea of a labelled discrete surface which evolves in time, subject to two natural constraints: the evolution does not propagate information too fast; and it acts everywhere the same.


Today, the role of intellectual capital in the profitability and competitive advantage of companies is more than financial capital. The main purpose of this paper is to raise an awareness of intellectual capital among Petrochemical Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, this study emphasis on empirical evidence of the relationship between intellectual capital and companies' profitability indicators. Measuring the intellectual capital with Pulic's model and for measuring the companies' profitability, return on assets and return on equity are used. The time domain is between 2008 until 2012 and to test hypotheses and analyze data panel regression, least squares (LS) is used. Research findings show that there is significant relationship between intellectual capital and two performance indicators (return on equity and return on sales) in Petrochemical Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, our findings show that among component of intellectual capital, structural capital efficiency has most relationship with financial performance indicators and so among the financial performance indicators, return on sales (ROS) has most relationship with component of intellectual capital.


Every person who is responsible for sustainability should know about the Plimsoll line. Sustainability means being sure of the safety limits of the boat in all conditions of navigation. This means taking responsibility for loads, constraints, and freedom. Sustainability is responsibility. Being sustainable means being able to live within the carrying capacity of the system to which we belongs. What's more, the carrying capacity must take natural and artificial limits into consideration. If Earth is a closed system based on a balance of global interdependencies whose aims are stability and conservation of the favorable conditions for life and its preservation, the Web is an open system with artificial limits based on a dynamic exchange of asymmetric information: the human information network. This always existed and it is able to act at all levels of society, from production to work, from technology to politics, to culture, tourism and everyday life. Surfing the Net today involves setting one's own course in the society of information. It means using words that have the power to become gestures, behaviors, facts. For this reason communication has to be responsible because it has an effect on the world and on all human interactions.


A general idea—message passing with messages that have some nontrivial Markov structure—is outlined. This general idea is worked out for one particular application, viz., the synchronization (state estimation) of "noisy" linear-feedback shift register sequences. For this application, the flexible tradeo between performance and complexity is demonstrated by simulation results. Generalizations to lowcomplexity approximations of the BCJR algorithm are outlined.


To monitor the detail information in the sea and on the seafloor, sensors are generally installed on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). AUV cannot accurately grasp the absolute position and needs to communicate with the sea-surface vehicle. However, the sea-surface vehicle cannot perform observation operations at high speed and with high efficiency due to low mobility and high human and financial costs. From this perspective, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has possibilities as the next-generation platform. In this study, we conducted a demonstration experiment to use UAV as a sea-surface base for AUV's underwater communication. We additionally verified the capability of UAV, which can land on and separate from the sea surface, as a drifting buoy to monitor underwater data. Experiment results and obtained data suggest that UAV is suitable for a research operation near the coastal region in terms of position keeping ability, performance against sway, and operation speed as a communication base. To carry out more complicated work (transportation of AUV, etc.) with UAV, new research and development such as weight reduction of AUV will be required.


A method for producing L-ascorbic acid which compromise forming substantially anhydrous slurry of 2-keto-lgulonic acid, and reacting said slurry with a substantially hydrous acid catalyst to convert said 2-keto-l-gulonic acid to l-ascorbic acid. L-ascorbic acid is produced in a high yield and no efficiency by converting 2-keto-l-gulonic acid to L-ascorbic acid by acid catalyst as anhydrous condition.


Alternatively described by other scholars as the "third space" (Gutiérrez, Baquedano-López, & Tejada, 1999) or as "simultaneous worlds" (Kenner, 2004), the hybrid literacy practices at Storm and Bonham are shaped by the interaction of students, parents, and teachers within a hybridized community. Unlike the many two-way programs involving a middle-class Caucasian population, the programs Pérez studies are two-way programs in which the vast majority of the students are Latinos. I would have appreciated a more explicit discussion of this difference but still highly recommend this unique, readable, and informative book.


In this paper, we introduce and consider a new class of equilibrium problems and variational inequalities, which is called the mixed equilibrium-variational inequality. We use the auxiliary principle technique to suggest and analyze some explicit and proximal-point iterative methods for solving the mixed equilibrium-variational inequalities. Convergence of these iterative methods is proved under very mild and suitable assumptions. Several special cases are also considered. Results proved in this paper can be viewed as refinement and improvement of the previously known and new results. The ideas and techniques of this paper may stimulate further research in this dynamic area of pure and applied sciences.

 Key words: Mixed variational inequality, equilibrium problems, convergence, auxiliary principle technique.


Summary The paper presents the results of research on the influence of the air stream produced by produced by the drone on the transverse distribution pattern of the rye seeds. The seeds were spread by a small electric seeder with capacity of 2.7 dm 3 with a spreading disc. The distribution of seeds on a groove patternator was analyzed. The height of the sowing disc position above the patternator surface was 0.5 and 1.0 meter. The influence of the air stream from the drone rotors on the change of transverse distribution pattern of the seeds falling into the table grooves was confirmed.


The power converters at CERN deliver a broad range of complex functions to assure the correct magnetic field throughout the beam acceleration cycle. The power converter controls are composed of remotely programmable electronics to handle the different characteristics of these power systems, that can supply up to 10 MW, 100 kV and 100 kA. However, such flexibility in the control devices is vulnerable to regression. Avoiding it before the deployment of new or modified software or firmware was the objective for the development of the test platform presented in this paper. It is important to detect possible incompatibilities between versions or errors that could damage the power converters. To achieve this, the platform uses continuous integration and continuous delivery techniques and hardware-in-the-loop modelling to emulate the different power converters range and to validate the controls before deployment.


The cosmological argument – the argument from contingency to the existence of a necessary First Cause – forms the core of a long-standing research program in philosophical theology. Even if such theistic arguments are, as Plantinga has demonstrated, unnecessary for the reasonableness of theistic belief, a successful proof would by all accounts have considerable significance. The cosmological argument has in recent years garnered considerable respect, both from theists and agnostics. However, the central assumption of that argument, a principle of sufficient reason or general causation, has failed to win universal acceptance. A recent book by Alexander Pruss, The Principle of Sufficient Reason,[18] has addressed this question with a number of ingenious appeals to our metaphysical intuitions. In this paper, I will attempt to complement Pruss's efforts through an appeal to epistemology.


The article considers problems related to the long-term efficient development of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of anti-Russian economic sanctions. It considers theoretical aspects of stable development of the agro-food sector and perspective areas of its clustering. It is determined that the formation of agro-ecological clusters that combine small and medium-sized agro-business on the territory of the region will contribute to the increase in the level and quality of the rural population. Special strategic and social importance of the agrarian sector, disputability and insufficient sophistication of the issues related to its stable development prove the timeliness and urgency of researches in this area.


ABSTRACT Experimental work to figure out the effect of tuyer inclination angle on performance of small-scale downdraft gasifier fed by rice husk–sawdust blend was performed. Performance of the gasifier in terms of the temperature profile, fuel consumption rate, composition and heating value of producer gas, and cold gas efficiency (CGE) is evaluated. Air is injected at the location of 330 mm above the grate. Tuyer inclination angles observed are 0°, 30°, and 60°. Meanwhile, ratio of rice husk and sawdust is 1:1 by mass and equivalence ratio for gasification is 0.15 for each tuyer inclination angle. The result indicates that the use of inclined tuyer increases maximum temperature and volume fraction of CO and H2 in producer gas thus enhances higher heating value of producer gas. Maximum CGE of 76.29% is found with the use of horizontal tuyer.


A general method has been developed for the analysis of Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, and Zn in dithionite-citrate extracts of soils and sediments. Because of the high Zn content of dithionite, it is necessary to preclean the dithionite-citrate solution before it is used to extract soils or sediments. This precleaning lowers the detection level significantly for other trace elements as well. Since Fe causes flame interferences in the determination of several first transition series elements by atomic absorption, the size of the individual sample aliquot taken to chelation-solvent concentration is varied to provide a constant quantity of Fe (5,000 µg). The standards and blanks are adjusted to the same Fe content. This approach is necessitated by the wide differences in the Fe concentrations of the dithionitecitrate extracts. Following pH adjustments and addition of ammonium-1-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, the trace metals (and Fe) are concentrated via two successive 10-ml methyl isobutyl ketone extractions. Quantities of Fe much greater than 5,000 µg interfere in the solvent concentration step. Natural organics released by the dissolution of free-Fe and -Mn oxides, to the extent that they are represented by fulvic acids, do not cause any significant interference in the ammonium-1-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate methyl isobutyl ketone extraction of the trace metals due to the releasing effect of the Fe present.


Sediment-laden gravity currents, or turbidity currents, are density-driven flows that transport vast quantities of particulate material across the floor of lakes and oceans. Turbidity currents are ...


In nitride storage flash memories, the high-VT state retention loss induced by field and temperature acceleration is compared between single cells and products. Our result reveal that the charge loss path is the same no matter which accelerating methods is used. The traps created at the bottom oxide during P/E cycling provide such leak paths. In addition, the annealing of interface states would play a role in the VT loss during high-temperature bake


Bring your own device (BYOD) is an IT policy where employees, students, and other people are allowed or encouraged to use their personal mobile devices—and, increasingly, notebook PCs—to access enterprise data and systems. BYOD has brought in a new dimension towards information security in enterprises. Hence new measurers to address the security concerns raised by BYOD implementation must be put in place. There are a number of frameworks developed in this domain of BYOD security. However these frameworks target to solve some security issues and leaves others unaddressed and hence this gap has to be filled by the proposed KANYI BYOD framework. The proposed framework was derived from reviewing existing frameworks and identifying their strengths and weaknesses. The proposed KANYI BYOD Framework borrows from BFS security Framework with a major difference in: advanced devices access to the campus network, Malware detection and prevention, Mobile devices users' categorization and access to servers and rogue access points by disabling Hotspots applications in mobile devices. Simulation methodology (using OPNET version 14.5) was used to test and validate the proposed framework by subjecting the framework network model to a mobile attacker node and putting preventive measures to address the attack and then comparing the simulation results of the various aspects of network performance tested as well as the campus server that was being targeted. We describe the structure and functioning of the framework, security vulnerability tests and discuss the results of the simulation test of the framework.


Given a Boolean propositional formula, φ(Xn) over the basis Ω = {∧, V, ¬}, we consider the following decision problem: is there a subset of literals, S, for which φ(Xn) ≡ ∧y∈Sy or φ(Xn) ≡ Vy∈Sy? We prove that the 'obvious' Σ2p upper bound is suboptimal and that the problem is decidable in P|NP the class of languages decidable by polynomial time methods allowed to make non-adaptive queries to an np oracle. We further show that the associated function problem of computing a witnessing such subset when one exists can be solved in FP|NP.


The problem of occlusion in a two-dimensional scene introduces errors into many existing vision algorithms that cannot be resolved. Occlusion occurs where two or more objects in a given image touch or overlap one another. Since occlusion will be present in all but the most constrained environment, the recognition of partially occluded objects is important for industrial machine vision applications to solve real problems in the military domain and in factory automation. A new method is proposed in this paper to identify and locate objects lying on a flat surface. The method is based on a local and compact description of the objects' boundaries and a new fast recognition method involving neural networks. The merit of such approach is that it provides strong robustness for partially occluded object recognition. The method is integrated into a vision system that couples with an industrial robot arm to provide automatic picking and repositioning of partially occluded industrial parts.


Objective: To compare the result of bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate with morcellation (B-TUERP-M) and without morcellation (B-TUERP) in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective single centre cohort study of 101 patients with prostate enlargement of more than 60 ml who underwent B-TUERP by a single surgeon between January 2020 and June 2022. Patients were divided into two groups, a B-TUERP group of 49 patients and a second group of 52 patients classed as B-TUERP-M. The perioperative outcomes followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in the preoperative parameters of the two groups. Comparisons between the two groups showed a shorter operative time (63.94 ± 12.01 vs 77.77 ± 11.80 min, p-value 0.000), more resected prostate tissue (65.73 ± 14.67 vs 60.73 ± 5.45 gm, p-value 0.027) and a higher post-operative hematocrit level (35.16 ± 3.97 vs 33.18 ± 3.22%, p-value 0.007) in the patients who underwent B-TUERP with morcellation. At 6 months after the procedure, better results were found in patients who had undergone B-TUERP-M regarding urine flow rate (26.33 ± 5.33 vs 20.66 ± 5.08 ml/sec, p-value 0.000), post-void residual urine volume (24.19 ± 10.93 vs 36.04 ± 16.90 ml, p-value 0.000), post-operative PSA (0.72 ± 0.43 vs 1.22 ± 0.54 mg/ml, p-value 0.000) and International Prostate Symptom Scores (5.01 ± 1.36 vs 5.71 ± 1.33, p-value 0.001). Conclusion: Better outcomes occurred following B-TUERP with morcellation with regard to operative time, resection weight of prostatic adenoma, post-operative urine flow rate, Post-void residual urine volume, PSA and International Prostate Symptom Score than in patients treated with B-TUERP without morcellation.


Government organisations worldwide are adopting digital strategies to enhance service delivery, gain efficiencies and meet the evolving and growing expectations of business and society in a digital world. Yet, current academic literature fails to provide a framework for digital government strategy derivation to harness the benefits of recent digital advances. We employed the case study methodology to examine the way two government organisations approached digital strategy derivation. We propose an adapted, design-led innovation (DLI) framework to aid digital government strategy derivation, and explore its applicability by retrospectively mapping the activities undertaken by the case organisations in deriving a digital strategy to the adapted framework. Our study finds that public organisations may iterate through the quadrants in the adapted DLI framework to formulate a digital strategy, underpinned by a clear value proposition that is identified through reframing situations. This research will enrich e-government literature, and guide digital government strategy derivation.


Background and Purpose: At the present time, for treatment of patients with mental disorders, authentic medical world's resources emphasize on association of non-drug complementary medical treatments with herbal treatments. Regarding the fact that patients' families are considered as both recipient and provider care units, they are the most important audience of health system and they play amajor role in patient's recovery. Therefore, investigation about their knowledge and attitudes towards the existed treatments could be extremely effective for continuation and quality improvement of the treatment. Methods and Materials: The current research is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional, one-staged study. It was performed on 181 of caregivers who took care of patients affected by mental disorders who visited one of the health, educational centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. For data collection, the researcher questionnaire was used; reliability and validity of the questionnaires were approved by content approval method and Cronbach's Alpha 0.78, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21. Conclusion: According to the results, caregivers had an average level of knowledge and attitudes towards complementary treatment. Since knowledge and attitudes of caregivers are considered to be as one of the most important factors in improvement of patient's recovery and prevention of illness relapse, therefore, planning seems necessary to increase knowledge and change attitudes of caregivers who receive health and treatment services. Results: Out of the total 181 participants, there were 100 female (55.2%) and the rest were male. Fifty seven patients aged 40-49 and 65 (35.9%) had intermediate education. The results revealed that knowledge and attitudes of most of the caregivers towards complementary treatment were average. Results of the statistical findings showed that there is a meaningful relationship between demographic characteristics of occupation and educational level and the level of knowledge and attitudes of the caregivers (p=0.02).


This paper studies coverage probabilities of randomly deployed radio nodes in single-destination networks. Such networks are typically operated for data aggregation in machine-to-machine (M2M) communication scenarios. In large-scale deployments, diverse environments usually result in heterogeneous propagation channels. We address the question to which extent an increased medium access can compensate for impaired propagation conditions. Based on superimposed Poisson Point Processes and a strongest interferer approximation, we propose a closed-form solution for the probability of a successful packet transmission under heterogeneous channel conditions. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated for an exemplary network configuration with a given latency constraint. Jointly optimising the medium access probabilities can either increase the network coverage area (e.g. by factor two) or reduce the overall networks power consumption by up to more than 30% in sufficiently dense deployments.