This paper aims to evaluate Seamus Heaney as a poet of self-introspection and objectification, which seem to be required for the development of self and community. Re-reading his poems indicates that Heaney can be seen as a poet of self-introspection and objectification, especially in his purpose of writing, in his efforts to resolve the conflict of Northern Ireland, in his search for the pure arts free from nets, in his critical attitude to his own works and also the prejudice of Irish nation, and even in his investigation of the invisible world. Therefore, unlike other contemporary writers, he deserves to be called a kind of meliorist to better self and community.


We investigate the scheduling of series of consecutive locks. This setting occurs naturally along canals and waterways. We describe a problem that generalizes dierent models that have been studied in literature. Our contribution is to (i) provide two distinct mathematical programming formulations, and compare them empirically, (ii) show how these models allow for minimizing emission by having the speed of a ship as a decision variable, (iii) to compare, on realistic instances, the optimum solution found by solving the models with the outcome of a decentralized heuristic. introducing waiting time for ships that pass through these canals and waterways. We consider here the setting where a series of consecutive locks is arranged in a sequence along a canal. In this problem setting, ships travel in both directions and each lock acts as a single server which handles both the upstream and the downstream trac. Lock operations must alternate between upwards (downstream to upstream) and downwards (upstream to downstream) movements. Results on scheduling a single lock in order to minimize ship waiting times exist in the literature. One goal of this work is to investigate the performance gain that results from centralizing the decision-making for the sequence of locks, and coordinating the lock movements so that ships move more fluently through the system. Indeed, if each of the locks schedules its movements separately, some flexibility may be lost in obtaining a globally optimal solution e.g. when waiting time at one of the locks cannot be avoided, it may be beneficial for a ship to incur this waiting time as early as possible in order to improve the performance of the subsequent locks. In a centralized approach, we can avoid this problem by incorporating the decisions of each individual lock in obtaining a global schedule that minimizes the total waiting time over the entire length of the canal. Section 2 provides a brief overview of related literature and known results. We also cover some literature as context for the problem, e.g. fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, since our models have the speed of a ship as a decision variable. A formal definition of the problem is given in section 3. We aim to provide a general problem description which may be easily extended by incorporating case-specific constraints or alternative objective functions. For this general problem setting, we propose two integer programming models


Blockchain technology has become a promising approach in many domains. It first came up with the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, where it is used to maintain a distributed ledger, a public list of all transactions. It is assumed that the use of a blockchain as a cryptocurrency, or in general for financial services, was just the first stage, called Phase 1.0. The second phase began with the integration of smart contracts. In Phase 3.0, the focus lies on decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), which efficiently implement smart contracts. In the future, it is assumed, that by the use of DAOs many benefits for the public sector emerge. In this paper, blockchain applications of Phase 2.0 and 3.0 are analyzed for measuring instruments under legal control. An example are smart meters, where by smart contracts, a new coin/token within the blockchain can be created whenever the electric meter rotates. Promising areas of application in legal metrology, like a decentralized audit trail to log, e.g., software updates and hinder uncertified manipulations, the complete automation of the legally supervised update mechanism by smart contracts, or an alternative to public key infrastructures are being proposed in this paper.


Whilst admiring the electronic ingenuity of Grant, Perkins and Babington [Anaesthesia 1979; 34,9211 I was astonished to learn that awareness under general anaesthesia has become so common that it is necessary to distract the patient with 'white sound' delivered through ear-phones, so that he does not hear and remember conversations conducted by the surgical team. To those of use who have practised anaesthesia in both the preand post-relaxant days the idea of any awareness during general anaesthesia is abhorrent, if not shocking. It used to be accepted that the state of the conditions of general anaesthesia could not be deemed to have been fulfilled. Should 1 have to submit to surgery under general anaesthesia, I would like to be assured that my anaesthetist could spare the need for 'white sound'; if offered the choice of epidural or spinal analgesia I would gladly accept the head-phones, but on condition that, instead of 'white sound' I could be provided with music of my choice. I could pass the time very happily with Elgar.


Materials and methods. 50 adult patients with herpes zoster were included into the study. The clinical course of the disease and development of the certain nature of complications were analyzed depending on the genetic polymorphism of the interleukin-10 gene. Statistical data processing was performed with using the formed patient database in the program STATISTICA for Windows 13 (StatSoft Inc., No JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J).


Prehistoric early Christian romanesque Cistercian gothic castles and churches friaries etc tower-houses the end of the Middle Ages the restoration Dublin - the 17th century Dublin - 1690-1757 country houses 1700-1780 provincial towns and churches the neo-classic neo-classic to romantic the early 19th century the later 19th century - some miscellaneous buildings, official architecture, the Dublin suburban house to 1870, pugin and his followers, six architects, the godless colleges, schools, markets and shops, town-planning - Dublin and provinces, cathedrals, five large houses, gate lodges, railway architecture, coda, requiescant.


Across the world, human-human interactions and human-space relationships are being disrupted and altered by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As an example, stay-at-home orders reduce social contact and restrict movement—these measures, however, are a privilege for some and a hardship for others. In short, COVID-19 has sharpened the contrast between the "haves" and "have nots," exposing gaps within an imperfect system where planning and design are concerned. Most noticeably, public space has gained wide recognition as a vital amenity from a public health standpoint and, thus, is becoming ever more central in discussions of equity and inclusion.


In plateau region of China, acute mountain sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema and high altitude cerebral edema are common diseases with high mortality among acute high-altitude diseases.Due to the special low oxygen environment and relatively backward medical technologies, patients without timely diagnosis would miss the optimal treatment timing.Point-of-care testing (POCT) could meet these requirements because of its portability and operability, and is suitable for popularization and application in medical institutions located in plateau region.In order to give full play to the role of POCT in medical, emergency and preventive health care in highland areas, a management system including instrument maintenance, personnel training, and quality control should be established according to the special geographical environment and medical resources, to make the equipment work perfectly and accurately.(Chin J Lab Med,2014,37:812-814)

Key words:
Altitude; Point-of-care systems; Altitude sickness


Tissue basis of colposcopy instrumentation and biopsy techniques the normal cervix normal transformation zone a typical transformation zone cervical intra-epithelial neoplasa colposcopy of micro-invasive and invasive cancer of the cervix cytohistopathology and colposcopy of the vagina cytohistophatology and colposcopy of the vulva human papilloma virus colposcopy and pregnancy cytohistopathology and colposcopy of the DES-exposed female common errors of colposcopy and cytology cervicography.


In case of a localized RPV failure, the melt expulsion into the reactor cavity may be as a compact jet for a short period, following by a dispersed release after gas break-through. The KAJET experiments were related to the short initial phase of a compact jet. The main objective of the experiments was to establish a compact jet under driving pressures up to 0.8 MPa (in performance tests up to 2.5 MPa) and to study its interaction with different substratum materials. The molten corium was simulated by an alumina-iron thermite melt. Using a revolving mechanism for the substratum samples, the interaction with both melt phases could be studied separately. The gas break-through was avoided by sharply reducing the driving pressure at the end of the melt ejection process. After a series of performance tests with water and thermite melt on the jet behaviour, seven interaction tests (KJ02 to KJ08) were carried out. The released total amount of melt per test was up to 160 kg. Driving pressures were varied from 0.3 to 0.8 MPa. Two different types of concrete were used as substratum materials, namely construction concrete and borosilicate glass concrete. Among others, the erosion rates in depth and the volume erosion were studied. In the frame of the KAJET programme, a data base has been generated for model development and testing. Two test series with different concrete types, different driving pressures and different melt phases are now available. In KJ02, KJ03, KJ04 and KJ08, siliceous construction concrete was used at pressures of 0.3 / 0.5 / 0.8 MPa. In KJ05, KJ06, and KJ07, borosilicate glass concrete was eroded at 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.8 MPa. The erosion rates in depth for iron are generally bigger than for oxide, and the rates for construction concrete are bigger than for borosilicate glass concrete. For construction concrete, these rates (in mm/s) are between 8.9 and 11.2 (iron) and between 4.5 and 10 (oxide). For borosilicate glass concrete, the rates are between 5.2 and 8.0 (iron) and 2.8 and 5.1 (oxide), respectively. In all cases the erosion rate increases with increasing driving pressure. However, volume erosion rates are similar for iron and oxide, or may be even larger for oxide. Theoretical analysis and interpretation has been performed in dose cooperation with Ruhr-Universitat Bochum and is reported separately. The melting of the structure material by the heat load of the impinging jet has been identified as the decisive mechanism for erosion.


A total of 294 specimens were collected and identified as three species of the genus Phlebotomus and four species of the genus Sergentomyia. Of interest was the demonstration of promastigotes in the foregut of two females P. papatasi.


The thermodynamics of interactions in terms of total transfer Gibbs free energy, G0 (i) t i" and entropy, S 0 (i) t i" as well as by the terms of chemical transfer free energy ( 0 ( ) , G i t ch i" ) and entropy ( 0 ( ) , S i t ch i"i" ) of DL- a-amino butyric acid in aqueous mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide at 298.15 K, is discussed here in the paper. For the evaluation of these factors, solubilities of this amino acid have been measured by 'formol titrimetryÂ' method at five equidistant temperatures i.e. from 288.15 to 308.15 K in different composition of the protophilic dipolar aprotic dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The various solvent parameters as well as thermodynamic parameters like molar volume, densities, dipole moment and solvent diameter of aqueous solution of aprotic dimethylsulfoxide have also been reported here. The chemical effects of the transfer Gibbs energies ( G0 (i) t ,ch i" ) and entropies of transfer ( S0 (i) t ,ch i"i" ) have been obtained after elimination of cavity effect and dipole-dipole interaction effects from the total transfer energies. The chemical contribution of transfer energetics of DL-a-amino butyric acid is mainly guided by the composite effects of increased dispersion interaction, basicity effect and decreased acidity, hydrogen bonding effects, hydrophilic hydration and hydrophobic hydration of aqueous DMSO mixtures as compared to that of reference solvent, water.


This work provides ideas for fabulous eating in true Mexican style with a selection of easy, step-by-step recipes. Also included are helpful tips and techniques.


This paper describes a method for developing instruments for quantitatively measuring subjective judgements about situations of risk in driving.uThe EPRA scale will be presented as an example of an application of this method. This method made it possible to obtain an objective instrument to measure people's ability to perceive the risk in driving settings. This information may be of interest, generally, to researchers who have the need in their work to measure or quantify subjective characteristics and, specifically, to those who are interested in studying the way risk is perceived in the area of traffic accident prevention. For the covering abstract see ITRD E138952. This paper is available from http://www.ictct.org/workshops/06-Minsk/Monterde.pdf


Th e world's food production systems must keep up with an everincreasing demand in spite of the challenges caused by climate change and environmental degradation. To meet this challenge, plant breeders must have access to genetic diversity for crop improvement. However, genetic homogeneity in the handful of major crops that feed the world limits options for breeding progress ( Swaminathan, 2009 ). Wild and landrace relatives of crop plants provide much needed diversity and are maintained in gene banks worldwide ( McCouch, 2013 ). Th is germplasm resource is underused by breeders, mainly because genotypic and phenotypic data are limited. However, using rapidly developing genomics resources, breeders are unlocking the genetic potential in gene banks and making remarkable advances ( Tanksley and McCouch, 1997 ). Morphological traits and neutral genetic markers are commonly used to characterize germplasm collections, with the goal of improving the value of these collections to breeders ( Brown, 1989 ). Morphological and neutral marker data provide the foundation for the assembly of a core collection, defi ned as a subset of a germplasm collection intended to represent the entire collection. Th e concept of a core collection assumes that the core has some utility for plant improvement. Th at is, the core collection is maximally diverse and is useful for breeding. Evaluating the core collection for key traits should also have some level of predictability for the rest of the collection based on the relatedness of core accessions to other accessions in the collection. It has been recognized for many years that morphological traits do not always provide a good measure of genetic values and may not accurately reveal the genetic variation in a germplasm collection ( Tanksley and McCouch, 1997 ). Consequently, neutral molecular markers have become popular because they are thought to more accurately refl ect genetic relationships in germplasm collections ( Ebana et al., 2008 ). But genetic relatedness measures based on neutral markers may not predict similarity in trait values or parental performance. Th e patterns of allelic variation in a species may be very diff erent for neutral markers compared with genes under selection. Based on a meta-analysis, McKay and Latta (2002) argued that allele frequencies at neutral and selected loci are not correlated because evolutionary forces act diff erently on them. A meta-analysis by Reed and Frankham (2001) showed only weak correlation between neutral molecular markers and quantitative measures of variation. Reeves, Panella, and Richards (2012) found that genetic variation at loci of agronomic interest in core collections assembled using neutral diversity may be lower than in collections assembled at random. In addition, neutral genetic markers identifi ed in single populations or breeding lines may have signifi cant ascertainment bias, which makes them unrepresentative of the full range of functional genetic diversity in the species ( Moragues et al., 2010 ). Our breeding research in potato has revealed a remarkably unexpected result that has led us to question the value of morphological diversity as a proxy for overall genetic diversity. We assessed an F 2 population created by self-pollinating an F 1 clone from a cross between two diploid (2 n = 2 × = 24) potato clones: DM, a completely homozygous clone derived from somatically doubling an androgenic monoploid of a cultivated potato, and M6, a highly inbred clone derived from seven generations of self-pollination of the wild diploid potato relative Solanum chacoense. We evaluated the F 2 population for a variety of morphological features including tuber size, shape, and eye depth; skin and flesh color; and dry matter content. Phenotypic segregation in this F 2 population is astounding ( Fig. 1 ). Th e tuber shape and color variability derived from self-pollinating a single diploid F 1 plant approaches that of the landrace collections maintained in potato genebanks ( Spooner and Hetterscheid, 2005 ) ( Fig. 1 ). 1 Manuscript received 6 May 2015; revision accepted 11 June 2015. 2 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin; and 3 Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1590 USA 4 Author for correspondence: (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) doi:10.3732/ajb.1500203 O N T H E N AT U R E O F T H I N G S : E S S AYS


VILLAGRAN M, A. JIMENEZ, F. J. SORIA, M. E. OCETE. Muestreo aleatorio simple y muestreo sistematico de las poblaciones de Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal) (Col: Curculionidae) y Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller) (Lep: Tortricidae) en encinas. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 28: 59-66. In this paper, a comparison between two sampling methods, aleatory and systematic, is made in order to evaluate the populations of C. elephas and C. fagiglandana in holm-oak. We analyze the dispersion with the Taylor's Power Law and the Iwao's regression and we calculate the sample size in each case. The results show that the systematic method is the most appropiate of both methods.


Summary form only given. In the presence of non-ideal effects global MHD modes excited due to development of interchange type instabilities can have both an imaginary part of frequency (purely growing modes), and finite real frequency in the excited wave spectrum. This in turn can lead to significant changes in the non-linear processes which are responsible for the spectral wave energy transfer, convective cell formation and anomalous plasma diffusion in such systems. The importance of localized low-frequency structures for the diffusion will be analyzed. The non-linear processes will be considered in the limit k par = 0, where kpar is the wave vector along the external magnetic field. Simulation results related to non-linear cell formation by the electrostatic interchange modes in the presence of gravity will be presented. Possibility of excitation of nonlinear localized low-frequency structures during wire implosion experiments will be also discussed


We have conducted an in-situ upconversion (UC) mechanism study through fluorescence enhancement induced by electric field in the Er3+ doped 0.75Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbTiO3 transparent ceramic. Under the excitation of a 980 nm diode laser, the sample shows a strong green UC fluorescence, which increases with electric field. A maximum enhancement of 150% was achieved in fluorescence intensity by the applied electric field due the lowering of crystal symmetry by the electric field induced strains. Combined with an in-situ analysis of time-resolved spectra, we proved that the dominant UC mechanism in this system should be the energy transfer (ET) process.


The research establishes a neural network credit scoring model based on the principle of multilayer perceptron (MLP). It is used to evaluate the credit of 96 listed companies. The listed companies are divided into three groups: a "good" group, a "middle" group and a "bad" group according to their management situations. To each listed company, we consider four primary financial indexes: income per share, net asset per share, return rate of net asset, and cash flow per share. All data come from the annals of listed company in 2000. The simulation results show that the classification correction rate of the neural network credit scoring model is 79.17%. In addition, we give the learning algorithm and step of the model in detail and analyse the experimental results.


The simultaneous detection of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and acetaminophen (AC) at a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE), in a sodium sulphate supporting electrolyte, using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was investigated. The calibration plots resulting from two distinct series of anodic current peaks versus concentration of AA and AC in single and di-component systems, obtained from CV and DPV data, presented linearity, with very good correlation coefficients. Fouling of the electrode surface was not evident and BDDE showed very reproducible voltammetric signals in all investigated situations. The relative standard deviations of 2 -3 %, high sensitivity values, and low limits of detection evaluated from DPV data in single systems, have been practically recovered in di-component standard and real sample solutions. The anodic assessment with the use of DPV was additionally verified by the simultaneous determination of AA and AC in real samples prepared from pharmaceutical products. Using a very simple supporting electrolyte, neutral unbuffered sodium sulphate solution, the DPV at a BDDE was confirmed as an easily applicable electroanalytical option. Individual and average values corresponding to AA and AC content in an investigated pharmaceutical product were determined by DPV coupled with standard addition method giving results in good accordance with the composition indicated by the supplier.


We report the recording of a fixed good quality transmission hologram in LiNbO3:Fe with maximum index-of-refraction modulation using the simultaneous recording/compensation process at 120 °C in a specially designed setup with λ=514.5 nm. This process was shown to be reproducible and in good agreement with an already reported theoretical model. The analysis of this recording process showed that material saturation was reached so that the maximum possible fixed index-of-refraction modulation was achieved. From the comparison of theoretical and experimental recording/compensation process data some material parameters (dielectric relaxation time τMe≈15 min, saturation space-charge field Eq=18.8 kV/cm, and photovoltaic-to-saturation field ratio Eph/Eq=0.80) were determined. The diffraction efficiency of this grating was measured using a λ=633 nm probe laser beam in an independent setup and its actual value computed, taking into account the angular divergence of the probe beam. The good grating performance as a...


Recently, the impacts of unsustainable agriculture in Brazil have been felt worldwide with the Amazon Forest Fires, which made headlines in 2019. However, the effects of unsustainable agricultural practices have been plaguing Brazil long before the infamous forest fires. The forest fires are simply a result of decades of slash and burn agriculture, monoculture, and other dangerous practices implemented by Brazilian agro-industrialists. These practices have not only impacted the environment but also have had negative impacts on food security issues throughout the region. These issues must be addressed immediately before further damage to the ecosystem ensues. To achieve a prosperous future for Brazil and the world, sustainable agricultural practices must be implemented.


Summary E-commerce in Europe is becoming increasingly important in all market segments, and in most segments it already accounts for few or even several dozen percent of total trade. According to a report by E-commerce Europe, it has already left the US market behind in 2010. Year by year, the willingness to buy products, which until recently were not treated by many consumers as "online", such as food products, is growing. Considering the above, the aim of the article is to determine the level of development of e-commerce in the European Union (EU-28). In the research procedure the literature and EUROSTAT data were used. The following research methods were used for data analysis: literature analysis, the Hellwig's method and the threshold grouping method. The analysis was carried out in two periods, i.e. in 2014 and 2018, which allowed assessing the direction of changes in the surveyed.


The understanding of factors that affect the dissemination of a viral infection is fundamental to help combat it. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic that changed the lives of people all over the world, one observes regions with different incidences of cases. One can speculate that population density might be one of the variables that affect the incidence of cases. In populous areas, such as big cities or congested urban areas, higher COVID-19 incidences could be observed than in rural regions. It is natural to think that if population density is such an important factor, then a gradient or difference in population density might lead to a diffusion process that will proceed until equilibrium is reached. The aim of this paper consists of the inclusion of a diffusion concept into the COVID-19 modeling. With this concept, one covers a gradient-driven transfer of the infection next to epidemic growth models (SIR-type models). This is discussed for a certain period of the German situation based on the quite different incidence data for the different federal states of Germany. With this ansatz, some phenomena of the actual development of the pandemic are found to be confirmed. The model provides a possibility to investigate certain scenarios, such as border-crossings or local spreading events, and their influence on the COVID-19 propagation. The resulting information can be a basis for the decisions of politicians and medical persons in charge of managing a pandemic.


The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental dietary fat during lactation on sow BW, sow backfat thickness, sow feed consumption, litter size, and pig growth rate. Dietary treatments included 0, 3, 6, and 9% supplemental low acid yellow fat in a traditional corn-soybean meal basal lactation diet. A total of 160 Landrace and crossbred sows (approximately 40 per treatment) were included in the study. Sows fed 3 and 6% supplemental fat had greater (P 25.4 mm backfat at farrowing consistently had heavier pigs throughout the lactation phase (P<0.05). Backfat loss during lactation was lower (P<0.05) for sows with ≤25.4 mm at farrowing within all dietary treatments. Consistent significant differences were not observed in sow weight loss or feed consumption between low and high backfat sows for each dietary treatment. Sow backfat loss during lactation is dependent on body condition at farrowing, in that, fatter sows at farrowing have greater backfat loss during lactation. Sows with ≤25.4 mm of backfat at farrowing responded to added dietary fat treatments and produced heavier pigs throughout the lactation period.


Many methods of solving job-shop scheduling problems were analyzed.Mathematical models were established based on set theory.The two-layer encoding GA is adopted to solve the job-shop scheduling problems,including encoding formats,fitness measurements,genetic operators,and so on.It proposed a job-shop scheduling algorithm of based on two-layer encoding GA and verified the validity of the algorithm through some running results of three instances.The experimental results show that the quality of solution and time consuming are obviously improved.


ABSTRACT One of the first decisions to be made when building a mineral resource model is the definition of geological/geostatistical domains. Cluster analysis is a set of techniques in machine learning that can be especially suited for this matter. In order to compare different approaches, two clustering algorithms were investigated in this study: k-means and the dual-space clustering algorithm. Choosing the most appropriate method and the number of clusters can be challenging and some metrics are needed to support these decisions, including the validation of the spatial distribution of the clusters, which is not always appropriately discussed in the literature. We introduce the use of correlograms of the indicators for that matter. Although clustering techniques can be robust for an application in resource modelling, expert knowledge is still necessary when applying cluster analysis to resource modeling, since final decisions should not be based solely on statistical indexes, but also on experience. In this paper, the proposed methodology was tested in a three-dimensional dataset related to a phosphate/titanium deposit.


The availability of easy‐to‐handle, sensitive, and cost‐effective protein staining protocols for 2‐DE, in conjunction with a high compatibility for subsequent MS analysis, is still a prerequisite for successful proteome research. In this article we describe a quick and easy‐to‐use methodological protocol based on sensitive, homogeneous, and MS‐compatible silver nitrate protein staining, in combination with an in‐gel digestion, employing the Millipore 96‐well ZipPlate system for peptide preparation. The improved quality and MS compatibility of the generated protein digests, as compared to the otherwise weakly MS‐compatible silver nitrate staining, were evaluated on real tissue samples by analyzing 192 Coomassie‐stained protein spots against their counterparts from a silver‐stained 2‐DE gel. Furthermore, the applicability of the experimental setup was evaluated and demonstrated by the analysis of a large‐scale MALDI‐TOF MS experiment, in which we analyzed an additional ˜1000 protein spots from 2‐DE gels from mouse liver and mouse brain tissue.


Understanding the mechanisms underlying biological invasions and rapid adaptation to global change remains a fundamental challenge, particularly in small populations lacking in genetic variation. Two understudied mechanisms that could facilitate adaptive evolution and adaptive plasticity are the increased genetic variation due to transposable elements (TEs), and associated or independent modification of gene expression through epigenetic changes. Here, we focus on the potential role of these genetic and non‐genetic mechanisms for facilitating invasion success. Because novel or stressful environments are known to induce both epigenetic changes and TE activity, these mechanisms may play an underappreciated role in generating phenotypic and genetic variation for selection to act on. We review how these mechanisms operate, the evidence for how they respond to novel or stressful environments, and how these mechanisms can contribute to the success of biological invasions by facilitating adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity. Because genetic and phenotypic variations due to TEs and epigenetic changes are often well regulated or "hidden" in the native environment, the independent and combined contribution of these mechanisms may only become important when populations colonize novel environments. A focus on the mechanisms that generate and control the expression of this variation in new environments may provide insights into biological invasions that would otherwise not be obvious. Global changes and human activities impact on ecosystems and allow new opportunities for biological invasions. Invasive species succeed by adapting rapidly to new environments. The degree to which rapid responses to environmental change could be mediated by the epigenome—the regulatory system that integrates how environmental and genomic variation jointly shape phenotypic variation—requires greater attention if we want to understand the mechanisms by which populations successfully colonize and adapt to new environments. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.


The analysis of literary works of the XXI century shows that the genesis of modern novel is largely grounded by the process of genre modification. The modern novel is especially prone to contamination of genres: authors either embed in the work separate parts that preserve their own genre characteristics, or mix elements of different genres throughout the whole writing, preserving or not preserving the semantic core of a particular genre. Genre mixing is often combined with a blend of narrative techniques, narrative modes, and correlates with the thematic palette of the work. The novel Purity by the American writer J. Franzen is a vivid example of such a mixture. The text-forming genres for this work are the family novel and the romance novel. Genre mixing can be traced both throughout the text and within each chapter. In addition, the author uses different genre forms to portray the characters. The narrative perspective and focalization are also varying throughout the novel: the story is told either on behalf of the author or on behalf of the characters, sometimes the same events are presented by different characters. The fusion of genres and diversity of themes lead to a change in the author's fictional modes, which include a serious, ironic, pompous and satiric attitude to the events described. The novel «Purity» demonstrates one of the main trends of contemporary literature – code mixing at different text levels.


The thermochemical state and the total stream enthalpy of are-heated gases expanding from reservoir pressures less than 0.5 atm were investigated. The flow was found to be in equilibrium at the arc-heater exit, and the chemical composition was frozen in the reservoir and nozzle. The total enthalpy of the inviscid core of the freejet was determined by three independent methods, and the values obtained by each method are compared. It is shown that if the chemical state of the flow is known, the enthalpy can be determined quite easily by the frozen sonic flow method. The chemical composition of the frozen flow was determined with an energy balance on the arc heater. The total enthalpy was also determined with stream enthalpy profiles and convective heating-rate measurements. When the calorimeters used to measure the heating rate were assumed to be fully catalytic, the enthalpy determined from these measurements and a heat-transfer theory were low by about 40%. This difference can be accounted for with the nonequilibrium theory. However, because of the complex relationship between heating rate and enthalpy for the nonequilibrium flows, the uncertainty of the surface reactivity, and the unknown effects of vorticity interaction on heat transfer, the heating-rate method is not recommended for determining the stream enthalpy in low-density flow. A = area of test model surface on which heating rates were measured; also, cross-sectional area in nozzle, m2 A* = cross-sectional area of nozzle throat, m2 C = defined by Eq. (8) c = mass fraction of dissociated species Cp = total specific heat, Mjoule/kg °K E = voltage, V F(T) = defined by Eq. (7) H = total enthalpy, (u^/2) + h, Mjoule/kg H$_ = total enthalpy at stream centerline, Mjoule/kg #T° = heat content at temperature T, Mjoule/kg ~Hhr = defined by Eq. (2), Mjoule/kg Hne = defined by Eq. (4), Mjoule/kg Hrn = defined by Eq. (3), Mjoule/kg AHf,T° = standard heat of formation at temperature T, Mjoule/kg h = static enthalpy, Mjoule/kg h° = heat of recombination, Mjoule/kg I = current, amp K = constant in Eq. (14), kwkg/Mjoule-m3/2 atm 1/2


Abstract The young Latin American democracies have been structuring their political parties for day-to-day management. In this context, it is important to understand how such structures could be affected by the so-called invisible side of organizations, which are composed of networks of relationships between elected politicians and then relationships between these and external militant groups, which can greatly influence the candidates' performance and the very dynamics of the party. This article seeks to unravel some of these dimensions. We select for analysis the case of the PCdoB (Communist Party of Brazil), in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results show the nature of the embeddedness of these actors in the political system, highlighting weaknesses and possibilities.


ASFINAG, the Austrian operator of motorways and highways has a fully functional, widely distributed video system. This video system is used in the daily life of the TMC- and highway agency operators that are responsible for their stretch of motorway. In addition to the internal use of the video system for the operation of the road network, the video streams are also distributed to radio and television stations, emergency services as well as towards the end customer "internet". On some stretches video surveillance is required by law, other areas are equipped with cameras to have an overview of the traffic flow and the roadside weather conditions. This paper shows technical solutions for the requirements of an infrastructure provider considering legal issues and protection of investment. Some further special technical video solutions for infrastructure providers are described in detail in the paper "Special applications and innovative aspects.


The article proposes a mathematical model and an algorithm for optimizing the parameters developed by the authors of a multifunctional tillage unit based on a spring harrow with simultaneous application of solid mineral fertilizers. Using the optimization criterion, the minimum reduced costs for the implementation of the technological process of soil harrowing with the introduction of mineral fertilizers by the proposed multifunctional unit, its parameters and operation mode are substantiated. The principal distinguishing features of the working body of the spring harrow are described in accordance with the RF patent for utility model.


that the concession could in any way whatever affect injuriously the interests of the College; and, according to Sir George Grey, one of the causes of dissatisfaction would be removed." This ground of objection is so absurd per se, that we wonder almost that it should ever have been made; nor do we think that it would have been maintained so long, but that it appeared less obnoxious than to make the stand on the score of the practice of pharmacy. It is manifest that it will be almost useless-quoad the provincial surgeon-to give up the question of distance if that ofpharmacy is continued, because the vast majority of provincial surgeons continue to practise that branch of the profession; and therefore, although in principle the two grounds of objection are quite distinct, in practice they must still be united. There are many localities in the provinces in which surgeiry forms almost the bulk of the practice of the general practitioner, such as the mining and even some of the manufacturing districts; in most of these, however, the custom is still kept up of combining pbarmacy with the other branches of the profession, and the surgeon, however accomplished, who attempted to give up dispensing his own medicines, could only expect to meet with loss of practice, and perhaps even the means of subsistence. There are, also, many arguments in favour of the continuance of the system, which make it very doubtful whether the separation would be advantageous or otherwise, if generally carried out; we cannot, therefore, see how it is possible to satisfy the claims of the provincial surgeons by their admission to the Council, if the boon is to be clogged with the obnoxious exclusion of those practising pharmacy. We have waited till we could ascertain, as far as possible, the general feeling on this matter in all its bearings, but we are now strongly of opinion that the concession, if made, although it might gratify the amour propre of the provincial surgeons, would be of no real avail,-and that, if we are to be bona fide admitted, both points must be conceded. We are not sure that they are desired by the great body of the profession, but we think that the College had better maintain both grounds of exclusion than give occasion for increased dissatisfaction, by appearing to grant a boon, but doing so only in appearance. EruirnS


It is well known that Tuy's inversion formula is not generally implemented in practice. Recently, based on approximate inverse where reconstruction kernels are precomputed independently, a fast inversion algorithm has been derived from the 3D inverse Radon transform with the classical single-circular trajectory. In this paper, based on the relationship between Tuy's formula and the 3D inverse Radon transform, we derive the reconstruction kernel of Tuy's formula with a two-orthogonal-circular trajectory. Moreover, with the two-orthogonal-circular scanning, the reconstruction kernel of Tuy's formula keeps the invariance properties.


ABSTRACT Recent research into sexuality and education shows that homophobia is particularly prevalent and problematic in schools. However, little of this work has drawn on linguistic frameworks. This article uses the tactics of intersubjectivity framework to examine how a group of LGB-identified young people understand their sexuality identities in relation to the secondary school context. The application of this framework offers deeper insights into sexual orientation and education than can be gained from thematic analysis alone and can contribute towards developing understandings of sexual diversity issues in schools. The framework is applied to interview data in which young LGB people talk about their school experiences. Findings show that in the schools attended by the young LGB people, they have experienced a state of pervasive illegitimation surrounding LGB identities. The participants express a desire for this perceived institutional illegitimation to be replaced by authorisation using a range of authentication strategies.


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator and conductivity of hand files.

Material & Method: A group of 47, extracted maxillary anterior teeth were used. Each tooth was mounted in an alginate model so that an electronic apex locator could be used to measure canal length with four different hand ISO 15 K-file groups. All file groups were tested for electrical conductivity using the four-point probe method (n=188). The relationship between the accuracy of Root ZX and electrical conductivity of the files was analysed with Kruskal Wallis at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Whilst 34% of samples were short of the control working length, the highest conductivity values were obtained in Group 2 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: For the conductivity results, there was correlation between accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator and the conductivity of hand files. However clinical trials that involve further apex locators and files of observations are needed.

Keywords: Electrical Conductivity, Nickel-Titanium Alloy, Stainless Steel.


In this paper real data from divers is analyzed for detection and tracking purposes. There are two divers, one with an open breathing system, and the other with a closed breathing system. The data were recorded from an active 90kHz narrowband multibeam imaging sonar. A target such as the open breathing system diver yields several detections of air bubbles, and should be handled as an extended target. Modeling the extended target with morphological operators like erosion and dilation is discussed and a model of the bubbles in the data association is developed. For this data the MCA (Morphological Cell Averaging)-CFAR is implemented in cojunction with an augmented probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) that incorporates an additional bubble model.


The sole objective of this project was:
1. Document garlic allicin levels in response to various garlic production practices, including but not limited to timing of scape removal.


In this paper, we investigated the aggregation behavior of a squaraine dye in solid films, as well as the effects on its optical and electrical properties. We observed a strong intermolecular interaction in thin films, which can be controlled via processing solvents. Two typical aggregation behaviors, i.e. H- and J- aggregation, can be selectively formed via the proper selection of solvents, resulting in a significant difference in material properties and the resultant photovoltaic performance. In addition to the monomer absorption between 600 nm and 700 nm, the H-aggregation mainly absorbs green light around 500–600 nm, while the J-aggregation shows a strong absorption in the near infrared range up to 850 nm. Therefore in squaraine/fullerene bi-layer hetero-junction photovoltaic cells, we demonstrated a significant contribution of J-aggregation to the photocurrent. Furthermore the J-aggregation films have a deeper ionization potential, most likely due to the intermolecular charge-transfer interaction, and thus gave rise to a larger open circuit voltage than those of the H-aggregation based devices. The J-aggregation formation shall be considered as an effective approach to tune the optical/electrical properties in organic optoelectronic devices.


The authors present measurements of the branching fraction and time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}K{sub S}{sup 0}K{sub S}{sup 0} decays based on 227 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. They obtain a branching fraction of (6.9{sub -0.8}{sup +0.9} {+-} 0.6) x 10{sup -6}, and CP asymmetries C = -0.34{sub -0.25}{sup +0.28} {+-} 0.05 and S = -0.71{sub -0.32}{sup +0.38} {+-} 0.04, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.


ABSTRACT The surface composition of spray-dried powders is influenced by spray drying conditions in a complex manner. Among them, precise control of the size of atomized droplets is most challenging and the droplet size affects the surface composition of dried powders. A multiscale approach that couples molecular-level packing interpretation with a continuum diffusion model was introduced recently to predict surface compositions of spray-dried monodisperse powders. In this work, the method is extended to take the droplet size distribution into account. Detailed sample calculations for the lactose–protein systems have demonstrated that not only the average size, but also the standard deviation of the size distribution of atomized droplets affect predictions significantly when the precursor solution contains a small amount of protein. Model predictions of the effects of droplet size on surface coverage of protein have been validated using published experimental data. Moreover, model-based analysis provides important insights into our understanding of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement data on surface chemical composition.


The unique quality of this settlement raise a number of questions, like how old is Varnasi? What are the factors which helped this city to continue till today?


The complex of migration links of Sverdlovsk region is considered in the article. The analysis of position of the region in the migration structure of Russian Federation and the Ural Federal district is presented based on the available literature data. An estimate of dynamics of migration processes in Sverdlovsk region is given. The problem of population migration becomes more and more important in the contemporary world. At the same time the problem of determination of the efficiency of migration flows at the level of an individual state and its administrative regions attracts more attention. The correct analysis of migration flows and their correction by means of legislation improvement guarantee conservation of the ethnic, population and sex-age structure of a society. According to the opinion of doctor of economical sciences Ekaterina Scherbakova [1] the migration gain in Russian in the nearest future may increase to 540 thousands of people and stabilize at the level of about 270 thousands of people per year. The most probable scenario of migration have been obtained on the basis of mean arithmetic values of the low and high variants of migration fluxes. It is based on the perspective of moderate growth of migration rate into Russia first of all from the traditional migration donor countries, though appearance of new migration partners is also probable. The growing labour shortage at the labour market in combination with the increasing population welfare can lead to increase of migration attractiveness of Russia and serve as the major stimulus for migration growth. According to the estimates the migration gain can increase to 414 thousands of people in the year of 2030. With this in mind it is reasonable to assume


The combination of science and technology with finance plays a great role in promoting regional economic growth and perfecting the theoretical system of the development of science and technology finance to a certain extent. At the same time, the S & T financial system has become a necessary condition and an important guarantee for the implementation of S & T strategy. The value orientation of S & T finance-S & T enterprises are the main absorption force of emerging technologies. Only the coordinated development of science and technology and finance can realize the development of regional economy and provide real capital service for the real economy and industrial development in the development of regional economy.


The former Viking settlement Birka is located on Bjorko Island in Lake Malaren, the third largest lake in Sweden. Birka is a well-known archeological site that onshore has been carefully examined. ...


The goal of this program was to develop a low cost novel sorbent to remove carbon dioxide from flue gas and gasification streams in electric utilities. Porous materials named metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were found to have good capacity and selectivity for the capture of carbon dioxide. Several materials from the initial set of reference MOFs showed extremely high CO{sub 2} adsorption capacities and very desirable linear isotherm shapes. Sample preparation occurred at a high level, with a new family of materials suitable for intellectual property protection prepared and characterized. Raman spectroscopy was shown to be useful for the facile characterization of MOF materials during adsorption and especially, desorption. Further, the development of a Raman spectroscopic-based method of determining binary adsorption isotherms was initiated. It was discovered that a stronger base functionality will need to be added to MOF linkers in order to enhance CO{sub 2} selectivity over other gases via a chemisorption mechanism. A concentrated effort was expended on being able to accurately predict CO{sub 2} selectivities and on the calculation of predicted MOF surface area values from first principles. A method of modeling hydrolysis on MOF materials that correlates with experimental data was developed and refined. Complimentary experimental data were recorded via utilization of a combinatorial chemistry heat treatment unit and high-throughput X-ray diffractometer. The three main Deliverables for the project, namely (a) a MOF for pre-combustion (e.g., IGCC) CO{sub 2} capture, (b) a MOF for post-combustion (flue gas) CO{sub 2} capture, and (c) an assessment of commercial potential for a MOF in the IGCC application, were completed. The key properties for MOFs to work in this application - high CO{sub 2} capacity, good adsorption/desorption rates, high adsorption selectivity for CO{sub 2} over other gases such as methane and nitrogen, high stability to contaminants, namely moisture, and easy regenerability, were all addressed during this program. As predicted at the start of the program, MOFs have high potential for CO{sub 2} capture in the IGCC and flue gas applications.


This study attempted to establish the optimal conditions for storage of spring kimchi cabbage to stably control supply and demand. To this end, this study stored kimchi cabbages in various manners for different periods and compared the quality characteristics of kimchi using these cabbages. According to the results, pre-drying with photocatalytic and pre-cooling treatments showed average selectivity loss rates of 18.83 and 21.37%, respectively, which were lower than those of other treatments. Spring kimchi cabbages were stored for 15 weeks under various conditions, and the kimchi was stored for 4 weeks at 4oC. After ripening, each kimchi was analyzed for their soluble solid content, pH, acidity, and salinity. The average pH of kimchi was 4.60 and tended to rise, whereas average acidity was 0.38% and fell by 0.24 to 0.31% as the storage period was extended. Extension of the storage period caused decreases in soluble solid content and salinity, and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased due to increased pH and reduced acidity (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that all experts and non-professionals preferred kimchi treated by precooling compared to any other treatment.


The dialectical relationship between "globalism" and "localism" is perhaps the defining dialectic of international and intercultural dynamics at the beginning of the new millennium; indeed, the tragic events of September 11,2001, and subsequent events can be linked to (although not reduced to) tensions between desires to preserve "local" cultures, traditions, religious values, etc., and the increasing impositions of global modernism. Lubos Kropacek of the Institute for the Near East and Africa of Charles University in Prague and one of the Czech Republic's leading authorities on Islam suggested in an interview published in The Prague Post (October 10-16, 2001) that these tensions may have played a pivotal role in the motivations underlying the September attacks. After the Soviets left Afghanistan, Kropacek maintains, bin Laden "started being active internationally. He targeted America as the main object of his hate. These hostile feelings toward America [were] usually accompanied by a kind of bitterness against the process of globalization. Sometimes, globalization is just labeled as Americanism, because in the ... cultural sphere-which affects ordinary people most after all-it is perceived as penetration of the American lifestyle ... an arrogant pushing out the traditional ways that are considered very valuable by the Muslim community" ("Scholar Ponders." Ellipses in original). Dennis Ross (2001), envoy to the Middle East in the Clinton administration, succinctly claims that the attacks were upon "America and modernity itself." The conflation of America and American values with the forces of globalism and modernity is equally evident in reactions of some traditional and/or fundamentalist Muslim communities to U.S.-led attacks on the Taliban. After the bombing of Afghanistan began, so too began the backlash, and the immediate targets of the backlash were as frequently symbols of globalization as symbols of the United States of America: "In Pakistan, crowds vandalized McDonald's outlets in Islamabad and Karachi. In Indonesia, demonstrators burned an American flag outside a McDonald's restaurant in the resort town of Makassar and then stormed it, and across the country in Yogyatarta, other protesters blockaded yet another McDonald's. Elsewhere, throngs vented their displeasure with the policies of the U.S. government by descending on Pizza Hut restaurants, Dunkin' Donuts stands, a Nike store, even defacing billboards for KFC restaurants, Coca-Cola, Pepsi and other American corporations" (Barboza 1). Similarly, "Muslim clerics in Lucknow, India, urged the faithful to boycott all things American and British, including airlines, movies and television programs" (Barboza 4). This conflation is not new; it is not an outgrowth of recent bellicosity from any of the principals involved in the current war but rather may be better understood as an underlying condition of the bellicosity. For instance, even before Sept. 11, McDonald's was a lightening rod for protest globally, and "its restaurants have been vandalized by people angry about many things, from genetically modified foods to globalization to U.S. foreign policy" (Barboza 4). The point here is not to reduce the currently raging "war on terrorism" to the dialectical tensions between globalism and localism but rather simply to suggest that these tensions are an important part of a broader picture of which the war itself is but a part. Although the essays in this special issue were all written well prior to the events of September, they are nonetheless centrally concerned with this broader dialectic between the forces of global modernism and local preservation, and as such their relevance to the current world crisis is indirect but nonetheless palpable. If indeed the dialectical relationship between "globalism" and "localism" is a central determinant of international and intercultural dynamics in the world today, then these essays offer important avenues into understanding better the nature of that dialectic. …


Abstract Memristors are one of the emerging technologies that can potentially replace state-of-the-art integrated electronic devices for advanced computing and digital and analog circuit applications including neuromorphic networks. Over the past few years, research and development mostly focused on revolutionizing the metal oxide materials, which are used as core components of the popular metal-insulator-metal memristors owing to their highly recognized resistive switching behavior. This paper outlines the recent advancements and characteristics of such memristive devices, with a special focus on (i) their established resistive switching mechanisms and (ii) the key challenges associated with their fabrication processes including the impeding criteria of material adaptation for the electrode, capping, and insulator component layers. Potential applications and an outlook into future development of metal oxide memristive devices are also outlined.


As NASA develops concepts for sustained crew missions to the lunar surface, a crucial component of mission planning will be evaluating the required amount of logistics to support the crew, surface systems, and science operations. This amount could be substantial. Because NASA plans to conduct these missions on an annual basis, the complexity and cost of logistics delivery will likely drive campaign sustainability. Logistics quantity is partially a function of the regenerative Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) capability in habitable elements on the surface. The regenerative ECLSS recycles human waste to produce water and oxygen, reducing the consumables needed for a mission. Thus, an ECLSS with increased regenerative capability will require less logistics. However, an ECLSS with enhanced regenerative abilities will also increase the initial delivery mass of elements and require extra maintenance items and spares. This paper analyzes the tradeoff between initial delivery masses of different regenerative ECLSS options and the amount of logistics resupply required for each option. Sustained lunar surface missions will involve crews of two to four astronauts living on the surface for periods of 30 days or longer. Astronauts will live in some combination of a surface habitat and/or a pressurized rover. To conduct the study, the authors created the Lunar Surface Integrated ECLSS Analysis Tool to model different configurations of rover and habitat with different ECLSS options. The tool can simulate ECLSS operations in the integrated architecture, including potential commodity transfers between the habitat and the rover. In this paper, the authors describe the use of the tool to evaluate different possible ECLSS configurations and their corresponding logistics requirements. The authors then complete a sensitivity analysis that compares logistics requirements for annual resupply and the initial delivery mass over increasing regenerative ECLSS capabilities. Finally, the authors recommend ECLSS architecture options that potentially improve the balance between logistics requirements and ECLSS system mass.


Abstract Reactions of (MesSb)4 or (EtSb)x with (MeSe)2, (PhSe)2, (MeTe)2, (PhTe)2 or (p-TolTe)2 were studied in C6D6 in sealed NMR tubes. Products of the type Mes2 SbER (E = Se, Te; R = Me, Ph, p-Tol) and (p-TolTe)2 SbMes or Et (SbER)2 (E = Se, Te; R = Me, Ph, p-Tol) were obtained. EtSb(TePh)2 was synthesized as red crystals. The telluro stibanes Me2 SbTePh and Et2 SbTePh were prepared from Me4 Sb2 or Et4 Sb2 and (PhTe)2.


In this paper, we formalize the problem of human interaction with bio-inspired robot teams (HuBIRT). The formalism applies to a large class of bio-inspired team dynamics and uses simple algebraic graph theory representations to distinguish between interagent influence, environmental influence, and operator influence. These representations lead to metrics for interagent cohesiveness and responsiveness to human input. We then select two different classes of team dynamics, physicomimetics which encodes dynamics using artificial physics, and a biomimetic structure which encodes dynamics using a model of fish behavior. We then demonstrate the relevance of the metrics by conducting a series experiments that demonstrate differences between leader and predator styles of human influence, and conclude with a comparison of nearest-neighbor topologies to metric-based topologies.


This paper examines the nexus between the main forms of transport, related investments, specific air pollutants, and sustainable economic growth. The research is important since transport may act as a facilitator of social, economic, and environmental development. Based on data retrieved from Eurostat, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and World Bank, the output of fixed-effects regressions for EU-28 countries over 1990–2016 reveals that road, inland waterways, maritime, and air transport infrastructure positively influence gross domestic product per capita (GDPC), though a negative link occurred in the case of railway transport. As concerning investments in transport infrastructure, the empirical results exhibit a positive impact on economic growth for every type of transport, except inland waterways. Besides, emissions of CO2 from all kind of transport, alongside other specific air pollutants, negatively influence GDPC. The fully modified and dynamic ordinary least squares panel estimation results reinforce the findings. Further, in the short-run, Granger causality based on panel vector error correction model pointed out a unidirectional causal link running from sustainable economic growth to inland waterways and maritime transport of goods, albeit a one-way causal link running from the volume of goods transported by air to GDPC. As well, the empirical results provide support one-way short-run links running from GDPC to investments in road and inland waterway transport infrastructure. In addition, a bidirectional short-run link occurred between carbon dioxide emissions from railway transport and GDPC, whereas unidirectional relations with economic growth were identified in the case of carbon dioxide emissions from road and domestic aviation. In the long-run, a bidirectional causal relation was noticed between the length of the railways lines, investments in railway transport infrastructure, and GDPC, as well as a two-way causal link between the gross weight of seaborne goods handled in ports and GDPC.


The present invention relates to a method of operating a portable communication device (101), wherein: in response to receiving a paging request (PREQ) from a cellular network (100) over a first communication channel (GSM) the portable communication device (101) i) discards the paging request (PREQ), or ii) delays transmitting a paging response (PRES), if the portable communication device (101) has an established GPRS PDP context on a second communication channel (GPRS) requiring an action (K1) that can be performed within a predefined time.


The aims of this study is to examine closely the temperature distribution of the solar pond for conditions of Seoul area climate and to prove capability of the solar pond utilization in Seoul area. In this study the equations for the convecting zone temperature of the solar pond were derived from Rabl and Nielsen's model. As the result of computer simulation, it was found that the average temperature of convecting zone is over 100℃ under conditions which is no output and 120cm depth or over of the insulating layer. Consequently if solar pond is constructed in Seoul area, it is an effective heat storage system.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined characteristics of suicides among mental health care users reported between 1996 and 2006 to the Dutch Health Care Inspectorate and the inspectorate's follow-up responses. The aims were to determine whether follow-up was associated with particular characteristics and whether the responses could be improved in accordance with guidelines for treatment of suicidal patients.

METHODS
Information about patient and treatment characteristics was collected from a sample of 505 of the 5,483 suicide notifications between 1996 and 2006. The 1996-2005 sample included an equal number of cases to which the inspectorate did and did not respond. The 2006 sample included the first 205 notifications in that year.

RESULTS
For 2006 notifications the response rate was 37%. The responses most frequently addressed how and whether the suicide was evaluated and the adequacy of treatment for the psychiatric disorder. A follow-up response was more likely when the suicide involved a young patient or a patient treated in a mental health care setting for less than a year or when the notification was accompanied by the mental health institution's plans for improving its policies. A response was less likely when the patient was discharged from inpatient care in the three months before the suicide. Since 2002 responses have more frequently emphasized the importance of suicide risk assessment, in accordance with guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS
The inspectorate might improve its supervision system by placing greater emphasis on addressing suicidal impulses and treating older and chronically suicidal patients and patients soon after inpatient discharge.


Hypertension is more prevalent in men than women. Sodium (Na+) homeostasis is critical for blood pressure control. Recent studies in our lab showed that activation of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in the renal medulla evokes natriuresis in female, but not male, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats via endothelin 1 (ET-1) signaling. ET-1 has been shown to regulate epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) which plays a crucial role in Na+ handling in the collecting duct (CD) and thus blood pressure. Whether ENaC contributes to GPER1-evoked natriuresis is unknown. We hypothesized that GPER1 activation suppresses ENaC activity, and this interaction may play a role in promoting Na+ excretion in females. To evaluate this, we investigated the tubular mRNA expression pattern of GPER1 and αENaC by RNAscope in male and female SD rat kidneys. We also infused G1 (GPER1 agonist, 5 pmol/kg/min) and/or amiloride (AML, ENaC inhibitor, 0.67 μg/kg/min) into the renal medulla of anesthetized female SD rats then measured urinary Na+ excretion. To further identify GPER1/ENaC interaction, we generated mice with deletion of GPER1 in principal cells (PC) of the CD by crossing GPER1 floxed and aquaporin 2 cre mice. Urinary ET-1 was assessed in WT and PC-GPER1 KO mice. Finally, patch clamp electrophysiology was performed on freshly-isolated CDs to determine ENaC activity in response to G1 activation and genetic deletion of GPER1. RNAscope revealed that GPER1 colocalizes with αENaC in male and female rat kidneys. The female kidney elicited a trend towards more outer medullary tubules co-expressing αENaC and GPER1 than males (43.3 ± 2.8 vs 34.7 ± 3.5 % of tubules positive for either, respectively P=0.0826). When infused into the female rat medulla, G1 and AML increased urinary Na+ excretion to a comparable extent (69.8 ± 22.2 vs 77.6 ± 31.0 % change from baseline, respectively P=0.9765). No additional natriuretic response was observed when G1 and AML were coadministered. Urinary ET-1 excretion was greater in female WT mice compared to male WT (1.95 ± 0.27 vs 1.04 ± 0.10 pg/mg creatinine, respectively P=0.0155). Genetic deletion of GPER1 in PC reduced ET-1 excretion in female, but not male, mice (female KO; 1.08 ± 0.18 pg/mg creatinine P=0.0166). Importantly, genetic deletion of GPER1 in PC upregulated ENaC open probability (Po) compared to WT (0.280 ± 0.024 vs 0.194 ± 0.024 Po, respectively P=0.0462). Similarly, treatment of WT CDs with G1 (1 μM) downregulated ENaC Po (G1 vs control; 0.064 ± 0.017 vs 0.194 ± 0.024 Po P=0.0024). In conclusion, our data demonstrate GPER1-αENaC colocalization in renal tissues, with a trend towards higher colocalization in the outer medulla of the female kidney. CD-GPER1 is required for the greater ET-1 excretion in female mice. Further, our data uncover a direct regulatory effect for GPER1 on ENaC activity in the CD. Improving our understanding of the GPER1/ET-1/ENaC natriuretic axis could reveal future sex-specific antihypertensive therapeutics. NIH/NIDDK R00 DK119413 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


We give results of investigations relevant to designing the technology of deposition fuel-containing coatings in targets used in laser fusion experiments on the facilities ISKRA-4 and ISKRA-5. As coating materials we have used the liquid and solid deutrium or a deuterium-tritium mixture, and also beryllium and titanium hydrides and deuterated or DT-polyethylene.


The investigation was carried out in San Andres' valley, with the objective of evaluating the uses of the dispersed trees in the properties of thefarmers.For this stratified sampling was used, it is achieving that none of the areas left out of the study areaAs a result of this sampling it rose a total of 50 parcels in a general way, 15 in Canalete ,10 inCeja del Rio, 15 Puesto Escondido, 10 in The Ciguanea, embracing this way San Andres' valley.To obtain information on the different uses of species by farmers, interviews and surveys were conducted. A total of 14 families were recognized, 15 species with a total of 359 individuals. The most common uses by farmers were as animal, human and building food.


The invention relates to calcium carbonate filler, and specifically relates to wear-resistant surface modified calcium carbonate filler. The modified calcium carbonate filler is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 1-2 parts of iron-ore slag powder, 4-5 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1-2 parts of graphene, 1-2 parts of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, 1-2 parts of polyacrylamide, 1-2 parts of titanium dioxide, 2-3 parts of dimethyl disulfydryl stannum isooctyl acetate, 2-3 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2-3 parts of hydroxyl silicone oil and 4-5 parts of an assistant. According to the modified calcium carbonate powder provided by the invention, calcium carbonate is modified by adopting various surfactants such as hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, polyacrylamide, sodium lignin sulfonate and hydroxyl silicone oil. The performance indexes of the modified calcium carbonate powder such as oil factor, viscosity and activating rate are improved, and the modified calcium carbonate powder is easier to disperse and compatibilize in a macromolecular polymer. When the modified calcium carbonate powder is used to fill a PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) material, the reinforcing effect of the modified calcium carbonate is more excellent than unmodified calcium carbonate.


evades literary interest (e.g. the travelogue-meets-ethnography genre in vogue since the denunciation of scientific ethnography); it is not a vision-quest. It is balanced, respectful of sources, engaged and unfortunately all too palatable. Through no fault of the author, After the Trees is publishing product: an estimable book, certainly, but not what it appears. The back cover of the book contains a flattering blurb (' This is a superb book. It is written in a crisp, delicious style. It is substantive...') from a respected and widely published Amazonianist, and advertises (' Also of interest') two recently published volumes of (diverse) professional interest (one a highly specialised economic analysis almost certainly only to be found in libraries; the other a very solid, revised anthropology dissertation) and on the basis of packaging the passing buyer could reasonably anticipate a comparable artefact. Instead, one is presented with a book with which the publishers appear to be trading mainly on the commercial appeal of things Amazonian. Why should this matter if the book stands up on its own? The first reason has already been given: the book consolidates (some of) a long extant Amazonianist literature and advances it only to the degree that it is a (very) slightly off-beat project (admitted non-specialist tries to reach a general audience with an unpretentious and competent monograph). The second and more important — reason is that there already exists a large literature in Portuguese denied a wider audience (i.e. it is too expensive to commission and translate, or publishers are simply ignorant of its existence). It is ironic that the author makes pointed reference to Transamazon colonos' mixed feelings about foreign interlopers {ecologistas v. te'cnicos) (and does so well), for he is describing exactly the kind of wrong-footing that is embodied in the publication of his own book: a well-intentioned, enthusiastic US undergraduate can get published, yet the work of Brazilian researchers remains consigned to the world of mimeo'd, haphazardly circulated, stained off-prints. Lest there be any confusion: this book is readable, commendable and virtuous. That it should be seen to fill a gap in the Amazonian market niche gives pause.


Croatia has a very advantageous traffic location in the centre of Europe. It is located on the main European traffic corridors, among others, on the VII Danube and the X Sava corridor. They can be connected with the Adriatic through the corridors Vb and Vc. Existing traffic system in Croatia is inappropriate to meet most recent technological demands, as well as economy needs for synchronization of the European traffic network and philosophy. The future of Croatian inland navigation is to include Danube into a "combined river-railway traffic corridor Danube region-The Adriatic". It starts in the Danube port of Vukovar and ends in the Adriatic port of Rijeka. The Combined river-railway traffic corridor Danube Region-The Adriatic will consist of the future multipurpose Danube-Sava canal between Vukovar and Samac, improved Sava waterway from Samac to Sisak, followed by Sisak- Zagreb-Rijeka railway which exists already. Three possible development scenarios for the riverine part of the corridor have been observed. The first scenario includes river training of the Sava River toward the IV navigation class, the second scenario includes training of the Sava River as a IV class waterway with the multipurpose Danube-Sava canal (Vb class) and the third scenario includes the canalized Sava River as a Vb class waterway with the multipurpose Danube-Sava canal. The considered economic aspect includes navigation, use of water power, agricultural aspect, forestry, water management and environmental aspect for each scenario individually. On the basis of the scenarios, corresponding cost and benefit scheme has been determined as well as investment analysis which includes profit and other financial criteria. Performed multi-criterion analyses state precise propositions for realization of each scenario respectively.


Abstract The most common manifestation of eutrophication along the coasts of Brittany (France) is the proliferation of free-floating green macroalgae of the genus Ulva on some beaches during spring and summer. In the most eutrophicated site, the Bay of Saint-Brieuc, a monitoring program has been running since 1986 until 1992 (1987 excepted) to estimate during spring and summer the nitrogen and phosphorus river loadings, the growth rate of macroalgae, their N- and P contents and the annual maximum biomass present on the site. Every year, algae get increasingly N-depleted during the vernal rapid growth phase and stay N-starved (1.5% of dry weight) all summer long. Algal phosphorus content, on the contrary, remains roughly constant at a rather high level (0.4% of dry weight). This physiological argument for nitrogen control on algal growth is confirmed by independent results at the ecosystem level. Year-to-year fluctuations of the observed annual maximum biomass at the site have been successfully correlated ...


OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of volatile oil from Trifolium repens Linn..METHODS The volatile components of Trifolium repens Linn.were extracted by steam distillation.The chemical components were separated and identified by GC-MS.The component in chromatogram was matched with NIST(National Institute of Standards and Tecnology)library and the relative contents inpercentage were calculated by peak area normalization method.RESULTS and CONCLUSION The result showed more than 46 compounds were separated and 36 compounds were identified.


Background  The pathogenetic mechanisms in vitiligo have not been clarified completely. One of the major hypotheses in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is the oxidative stress hypothesis. The active and stable phases of vitiligo are defined as the progression or appearance of new lesions in the last 3 months and the absence of new lesions or progression in the last 6 months, respectively.


The proximity effect and the Josephson current in a superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet-superconductor (SIFS) junction are investigated within the framework of the quasiclassical Eilenberger equations. This investigation allows us to compare the dirty and the clean limits, to investigate an arbitrary impurity scattering, and to determine the applicability limits of the Usadel equations for such structures. The role of different types of the FS interface is analyzed. It is shown that the decay length and the spatial oscillation period of the Eilenberger function may exhibit a nonmonotonic dependence on the properties of the ferromagnetic layer such as exchange field or electron mean free path. The results of our calculations are applied to the interpretation of experimentally observed dependencies of the critical current density on the ferromagnet thickness in Josephson junctions containing a Ni layer with an arbitrary scattering.


We investigate some of the effects of plasma turbulence on the K-shell emission dynamics of argon gas puff z-pinch implosions. The increases that turbulence produces in the plasma viscosity, heat conductivity, and electrical resistivity are modeled phenomenologically using multipliers for these quantities in the MHD calculations. The choice of multipliers was made by benchmarking a 1-D MHD simulation of a Physics International Inc. argon gas puff experiment against the inferred densities and temperatures achieved in the experiment. These multipliers were then used to study the parametric dependence of the K-shell emission on the energy input to the argon plasma for a fixed mass loading. Comparisons between turbulent and non-turbulent argon implosions are made.


Amorphous alloys with compositions Fe40Co40Cu0.5Al2Zr9Si4B4.5 and Fe62Co9.5Gd3.5Si10B15, were prepared by the melt spinning technique in the form of ribbons. Three stages of crystallization process were found in both the alloys and the crystallization kinetics was studied. Supper cooled region was found in Fe62Co9.5Gd3.5Si10B15 alloy indicating the ability of formation of bulk amorphous alloy and I mm diameter rod was prepared by Cu-mould casting. Curie temperature and the saturation magnetisation of this alloy were found to be 596 K and 0.98 T respectively. Relatively, higher Curie temperature (736 K) and saturation megnetisation (1.18 T) were observed in the as-spun state of Fe40Co40Cu0.5Al2Zr9Si4B4.5 alloy. Present study also indicated that partial crystallization of Fe40Co40Cu0.5Al2Zr9Si4B4.5 alloy would further enhance the Curie temperature and saturation magnetisation.


This review articfe examines research trends jn the study of industrial relations since the 1980s on Japan's auモomobile and steel industries. Among studies on automobile industry's industrial relatl・ons, those studies that focus on workplace-level industrial re一ations suggesHhaHhe Labor unions do not negotiate vvith management as representatives of the vvorkers. Those studies that focus on corporate-一ever industria一 relatjons, on the other hand, indicate a certain amount of 一abor union "voice" to management, although its significance and influence on management is greatly debated among researchersI Studies on steeHndustry's industrial re一ations focus on three issues: the response o=abor and management to the changes in the economic environment surrounding the industry since the Oil Shock, the worker consciousness, and the postwar history of industrial re一ations/ labor movements・ The articJe shows that. as jn the case of studies on automobile industrys industriaf relations, researchers differ in their evaluations of labor union voice" to management as steeJ companies heavHy rationa一ized their operations in the 1970s and 1980S. Keywwds : Japan, industriaf relations, labor unions, automobHe industry, steeJ industry * Tはs article is a h.anslation of an aTticle問うtten in如anese that odginally a耶ar由in Ofzzra ShZkaimm血i風邪砂ujo Zasshi No.507 (2001). Note that the author made some m地点cati。ns t。 the odginal article in this translated version ** OhzFa hstitutefoF S∝ial鮎search, Hosei Uhiversity, Japan (Translated by ktBni Nbkayama)


Polymer-mediated depletion interactions were found to induce the assembly of fullerene derivates at the water-air interface into non-closed-packed 2-dimensional arrays of nanometric thickness.


The growth of private-label products in the retail grocery industry has made an impact on manufacturers who sell both private-label and manufacturer-advertised goods. This article probes some of the problems of the ice-cream manufacturer who supplies both labels simultaneously to corporate grocery chains and also to groups of affiliated independent grocers.


The literature on post-Islamism has paid little attention to citizenship and has largely ignored how conceptual reform on this topic is supported by reinterpretations of the sharia. This article addresses this issue by focussing on the Jordanian ex-Muslim Brother Ruhayyil Gharayiba, who has been at the forefront of post-Islamist reform in his country, including with regard to citizenship. Based on an extensive reading of Gharayiba's own work in Arabic as well as multiple interviews with him, it seeks to answer the following question: to what extent and how has Gharayiba built a conceptual as well as a legal basis for his post-Islamist ideas on citizenship and what does this tell us about the development of post-Islamism in relation to Asef Bayat's writings on the subject? It shows that Gharayiba is, indeed, a post-Islamist and uses concepts on citizenship similar to those used by Egyptian post-Islamists, but goes further by also providing legal support for his views and pushing beyond the idea of a "civil state with an Islamic authority". As such, the example of Gharayiba concurs with Bayat's writings on post-Islamism, showing that continued religiosity can be combined with reform that goes beyond even that of the wasatiyya.


In a section about research, we make the case that intentional, structured reflection on the mathematical research process, by mathematical researchers themselves, would result in better mathematicians doing better mathematics. As supporting evidence, we describe the Flavors and Seasons project. In a section about teaching, we describe the contemplative education movement and share personal experiences using meditation in the math classroom. We conclude with an explicit proposal for elucidating the experiential context of mathematics, in both research and teaching environments.


A synthetic method of preparing monooctadecyl succinate was exploited using succinic anhydride and octadecanol as raw materials and hexamethylene as the reaction medium. The effects of medium, reaction temperature and time, a nd catalyst concentration on the esterification reaction are investigated and di scussed. The synthetic method was easy to operate and highly productive, and had prospects of industrial applications.


Recognition of third-party pair-bond relationships in budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus Sub Title Author 一方井, 祐子(Ikkatai, Yuko) 伊澤, 栄一(Izawa, Eiichi) 渡辺, 茂(Watanabe, Shigeru) Publisher Centre for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility The Global Centers of Excellence Program, Keio University Publication year 2011 Jtitle CARLS series of advanced study of logic and sensibility Vol.4, (2010. ) ,p.135140 Abstract Notes Part 1: Brain and Evolution Genre Research Paper URL http://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=KO12002001-20110331 -0135


The invention belongs to the technical field of nano function materials, and relates to an ultra-high-modulus and high-strength oxidized graphene film and a preparation method thereof. Oxidized graphene film is prepared from at least the following three raw materials: oxidized graphene, a treating agent with a catechol structure and a cross-linking agent; and oxidized graphene can also contain other components. The oxidized graphene film has the characteristics of macroscopic size, ultra high modulus and high strength. The raw materials of oxidized graphene are obtained by using the modified Hummers method; the treating agent is a small molecule substance with the catechol structure, such as dopamine; and the cross-linking agent is substance with multiple reactive groups, such as polyetherimide. The method has the advantages that oxidized graphene is cheap and easy to get, and has biocompatibility; and the obtained enhanced film has an excellent mechanics property, and has wide application prospects in aspects of packaging, separating, supercapacitors, electric conduction and heat conduction and the like.


A laser-operated, angle-tunable transducer was employed to excite selectively elastic waves guided along the apex of a solid wedge. The propagation of wedge waves at anisotropic monocrystalline silicon edges with different symmetry properties was studied by optical detection. The reduced symmetry in crystals, as compared to isotropic media, causes a number of new features, such as the existence of supersonic leaky wedge waves, tilted spatial pulse profiles, and other peculiarities of their localization. Experimental and theoretical results are presented for three different types of symmetry configurations: the wedge symmetric about its midplane, the wedge symmetric about the plane normal to its apex line, and the wedge symmetric about one of its faces. The experiments include accurate measurements of the phase velocity and the wave field distribution, providing information on localization and coupling of wedge waves with other waves. Theoretically, the wedge waves were treated by the Laguerre function met...


One of the basic needs of today's life is electric power. A large amount of electrical power is needed for various maneuvers. Demand on energy has been adopted throughout the world, and traditional methods of generating power have a direct impact on environment. The Shortage of electricity is the big problem for industrial growth as well as rural development. Shortage of electricity has its effects on India's development and growth, to solve such types of problem development of strong electricity generating techniques with the help of human energy for our better future, which has been unused from million years. Producing electricity in a conventional method impacts the environment. So, by using non-conventional method to produce electricity by utilizing the waste energy generated during pressure applied while walking through piezoelectric tile. The electricity produced is stored in lead acid battery. This stored electricity is used to switch on the street lights automatically during night using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor and the status of the street light and voltage is displayed on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).


The Russian government has changed the law to expand the number of medical and psychological conditions that disqualify people from driving, stirring controversy at home and internationally by banning transvestites and transgender people from getting behind the wheel.

The changes, signed into law by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, were published earlier this month and are part of the Kremlin's efforts to reduce the number of people killed in road crashes in Russia. Just under 30 000 …


In this notebook paper, we present our activity detection system, which aims to temporally localize activities in surveillance videos. Our pipeline composed of five modules, object detection, activity proposal generation, feature extraction, classification and post-processing. We input RGB and optical flow into this pipeline separately and obtain frame level predictions by late fusion. The final detections are generated by greedily merging these predictions and filtering invalid results. 1. System Description Activity detection in surveillance videos is a challenging task due to the low resolution, occlusion of objects and similarity between activities. In order to get reliable results, most previous participants used the method of decomposing the task into multiple subtask [1, 2, 3]. Our system for activity detection in extended videos (ActEV) in TRECVID2019[4] is composed of five modules: object detection, activity proposal generation, feature extraction, classification and postprocessing. The diagram of the five modules in our system is shown in Figure 1. We evaluate and analysis each module separately in the following. Object detection: It locates and classifies objects and activities. Activity proposal generation: It generates candidate tubes by temporally tracking bounding boxes for activities. These tubes are called activity proposals. Feature extraction: It finetunes the backbone network and extracts features for activity proposals. Classification: It trains classifier to classify activity proposals. Post-processing: It merges the activity proposals for activity localization. Object Detection Proposal Generation I3D Feature Extraction Classification Postprocessing Input Activity category and location Figure 1: System Overview.


To control the weeds in direct-planting rice,the prevention measures should be implemented scientificly and rationally,such as spraying herbicides before germination and at 3 leaf stage,and adding spraying pretilachlor,Puma Super and MCPA,according to the operating rules of herbicides.


The inclusion complex formation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) in γcyclodextrin (γCD) was investigated. There are already several reports about the complex formation of several kinds of catechin in β or γCD, but no report about EGCg in γCD. HNMR spectra and UV absorption spectra gave the proof of the inclusion complex formation of EGCg in γCD and the binding constant EGCg in γCD was similar to that of gallocatechin gallate (GCg) in γCD, which was previously reported. The effect of the complex formation on the antioxidant activity of EGCg was also investigated. The antioxidant activity of EGCg against DPPH radical was not inhibited but slightly enhanced by the complex formation in γCD. These data gave the proof of the inclusion complex formation of EGCg in γCD for the first time. As EGCg shows the strongest antioxidant activity among the series of catechins and γCD adapts highly to the food safety regulation compared with other CDs, the inclusion complex formation of EGCg in γCD is valuable in the field of pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food industries.


Accessibility in airports has been an important topic over the past five years. The population continues to age and use of assistive devices and technology create easier access to air travel. There are many obstacles to access but regulations on design and architectural standards have increased awareness and opportunity. This article includes ideas and solutions that some airports have instituted and also identifies some shortcomings within the aviation industry. People with disabilities and older adult populations continue to grow, and stresses on services within the airport to accommodate people with accessibility needs will require airports to always have access included in talks for future accommodations and services.


The Mantel-Haenszel (MH) procedure (Mantel and Haenszel) is a popular method for estimating and testing a common two-factor association parameter in a 2 × 2 × K table. Holland and Holland and Thayer described how to use the procedure to detect differential item functioning (DIF) for tests with dichotomously scored items. Wang, Bradlow, Wainer, and Muller showed that the MH procedure unexpectedly often found DIF where there was none for very easy items. They showed that their suggested Bayesian procedure for DIF detection did not have the same problem. We discuss a simpler solution of the problem—the use of the standardized difference in proportion correct (STD P-DIF) procedure in conjugation with the MH procedure—that has been used by DIF analysts since 1988. We also show, using results from real and simulated data, that it is possible to overcome the problem using the empirical Bayes (EB) procedure of Zwick, Thayer, and Lewis, which also is computationally simpler than the procedure suggested by Wang et al.


Overview This paper describes the photosynthetic parameters measured during a cruise in the Beaufort Sea. It provides a unique data set to add to the current understanding of photosynthesis in the Arctic and was compared to the MEL data set. The paper is missing a discussion on the data in regards to a changing Arctic (less ice, more light etc), which the authors refer to in the introduction. I would also liked to have understood where the large celled communities were in the water column, the 50m split of the data seems arbitrary and is not explained. This data set is an important addition to our understanding, and this paper represents a good description of the data.


Health Economics involves quantitative and qualitative methods and assimilates concepts and analytical structures deriving from different disciplines suggesting neural network synaptic connections, algorithms and learning rules. A transdisciplinary analytical perspective and a multidisciplinary execution should converge on transparency, systematizing use of evidence supporting the decision process.Activity in (HTA) and (HEOR) increased attention on theoretical instruments designed for academic debates, instead of evidence from molecular biology, applied research medicine and robust statistical instruments. The work proposes a constructive synthetic review of differences of Classical and Bayesian statistics applied to Clinical trials.Statistical methods are better than human intuitive rules of thumb; however misuse of statistics produces errors in design and interpretation of trials, health policies and medical practice. Some literature recommends paths for improvement however it remarks that better powered evidence will require a change in scientific mentality that might be difficult to achieve.


Purpose
Attitude and heading are very important measurements on board aircraft. In modern solutions they are measured by the attitude and heading reference system (AHRS). In some small unmanned systems, the GPS track angle is used for heading corrections instead of the magnetometer; then, the system measures the track angle instead of heading. With a temporary lack of correction signals, the measurement error increases very quickly. Similarly, a quick increase in the measurement error is observed when a magnetic heading sensor used for correction stops working properly. This study aims to propose measurement of the roll angle for yaw angle correction.

Design/methodology/approach
AHRS algorithms were designed; typical maneuvers were analyzed. The method was verified by simulation and in flight testing analysis. For quantitative analyses, a performance index was proposed.

Findings
The method enables reduction of the yaw angle error caused by the gyros bias error. This study presents the idea, results of simulations and flight testing data analysis and discusses advantages and limitations of the presented method.

Practical implications
The presented methodology can be implemented in AHRS systems for manned and unmanned aircraft.

Originality/value
This study enables more accurate measurement of the yaw angle in the case of missing correction signals.


When small current is measured by opticalcurrent transducer (OCT) based on diamagnetic material, the measured signal is deeply polluted by the inherent noise ofOCT, so that the value of being measured actual current cannot be correctly represented by the reading from OCT. Because the frequency band of the noise within the OCT and that of the being measured current are overlapped, so it is unavailable tofiltrate the noise by conventional filters. A method to recovery the signal from polluted data, which is based on aself-adaptive-filtration technology, is applied to the OCT which is operated for a 110kV transmission line within a substation. The practical measured data show that with the self-adaptive signal noise decomposer the signal of measured current can be entirely separated from the the inherent noise of OCT without distortion, therefore, using this method the accuracy ofmeasuring small current by OCT can be improved.