For the c-sample location problem with ordered alternatives we compare a test proposed by Barlow et al. (1972) and its Welch modification for the case of unequal variances with some nonparametric counterparts, the Jonckheere test and modifications of the Jonckheere test. In these modifications the Mann-Whitney statistic is replaced by other two-sample linear rank statistics. The comparison is referred to the actual level and the power of the tests and it is carried out via Monte Carlo simulation assuming short-, medium- and long-tailed as well as asymmetric distributions. It turns out that in the case of unequal variances and symmetric distributions the Welch modification of the test of Barlow et al is the most α-robust test among the tests considered, but for equal variances special Jonckheere-type tests are to be preferred.


1. It has been shown that in experimental rickets the well known changes in the epiphysial cartilage which so seriously affect growth are accompanied by severe interference with the progress of the metaphysial vessels into the growth cartilage. 2. Further evidence has been found that, by the repeated increase in their number, the cartilage cells occupying the more distal part of the proliferative segment become more and more affected by their remoteness from the epiphysial vessels, which supply the transudates to these cells. At a given distance these cells are affected and change, becoming hypertrophic, with increasingly large vacuolae, and are rich in glycogen and alkaline phosphatase. 3. The hypertrophic cells alter the nature of the intercellular substance they deposit and this becomes calcifiable. Provided that the metaphysial vessels are situated at an appropriate distance—about three cell capsules away—and that the blood has its necessary components, calcification occurs. 4. Calcification produces the advancing, rigid multitubular structure within which the progressing metaphysial vessels are protected. 5. The interruption of calcification by the withdrawal of fat-soluble vitamins breaks down the whole mechanism of growth and stops the vessels growing into their proper position. The administration of the required vitamins re-establishes the normal sequence of events and allows the vessels to play their decisive role in osteogenesis. 6. Any mechanism which causes the interruption of the vascular progression, whether from metaphysial ischaemia (Trueta and Amato 1960), from severe pressure (Trueta and Trias 1961) or from lack of calcification by withdrawing the fat-soluble vitamins, equally interrupts growth.


s a first-year otolaryngology resident at the Boston University School of Medicine in A 1972, I was quickly introduced to a new technology that was developed by Dr. Geza J. Jako, a research professor in the department. A telephone booth-sized instrument called a CO, laser was undergoing clinical trials under the direction of my chairman, M. Stuart Strong, MD. My chief resident seemed happy to have me assist Dr. Strong on many of his cases while he was occupied on the more "standard and accepted" otologic and head and neck surgeries. Standard reading for the residents was the research manuscript soon to be published in The LARYNGOSCOPE written by Dr. Jako as his candidate's thesis for the Triological Society submitted in 1970. Very few safety precautions were undertaken at that time except for protection of a red rubber endotracheal tube with self-adherent metallic tape purchased in rolls from a local electrical store. My responsibilities were to get to surgery at least one half hour before Dr. Strong and attach the large and heavy articulated arm of mirrors to the


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among achievement goal orientation, maturity and performance satisfaction of track and field athletes. To achieve the purpose, 283 subjects from middle and high school, college and general athletes who are currently enrolled in Korea Athletic Federation, sampled by the cluster random sampling method. The survey questionnaire were 1) the goal orientation developed by Duda(1992) and standardized in the Korea language by Kim(2001);2) the questionnaire for athlete`s maturity developed by Hersey and Blanchard(1997) and translated by Kim(1995);and 3) performance satisfaction questionnaire developed by Chae(1997). The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlate analysis and covariance structure analysis using SPSS 13.0 and AMOS 5.0. The following results were obtained: The relationships among achievement goal orientation, maturity and performance satisfaction of track and field athletes were the causal relation. First, achievement goal orientation statistically and significantly influences maturity in track and field athletes. Second, achievement goal orientation statistically and significantly influences performance satisfaction in track and field athletes. Third, maturity statistically and significantly influences performance satisfaction in track and field athletes.


A PSD is modeled as an approximate Linear Time Invariant(LTI) system based on the rc transmission line model and the impulse response obtained from Lucovsky equation.Based on the model,the PSD general response is derived.In our processing,a time-varying light signal is divided into many sections in time domain.Each section is regarded as a square-wave pulse.And the response is approximated to be a linear superposition of those pulse responses.Results show that the response is the summation of product of two factor sequences:one factor is the inherent decay factor and the other is the outer incentive response factor.In addition,analysis on Alternating Current(AC) response by virtue of the general response shows that there is hysteretic fluctuation with light intensity change and the current response is insensitive to high-frequency AC optical signals.


Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) refers to the bleeding in the intracranial vault, meninges, and also the brain parenchyma.[1] Microglia are the inhabiting immune cells in the brain. An injury to the brain results in the activation of these microglial cells. Various states of modulation of microglia can have either neurotoxic or neuroprotective effect. An inflammatory molecule tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha) derived from activated microglia has not only been shown to induce the production of other inflammatory molecules but also as an autocrine mediator in microglial activation in response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI).[2,3] Alteration in the TNF‐alpha expression has been associated with cerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage but no direct role has been established.[4,5] There are limited reports on investigation of the association between TNF‐α gene polymorphism and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in multiple ethnicities. Ruigrok et al. have evaluated the role of APOE, IGF‐1, TNF‐alpha among other genes in subarachnoid hemorrhage, which has established the role of TNF‐alpha as a high risk factor.[6] The pathway by which TNF‐alpha cause ICH is yet to be identified.


Research to determine the effect of service quality with dimensions tangible, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and assurance with simulthan and partial on general patient satisfaction at the RSIA Husada Bunda Salo Sub-District Kampar District. Types and sources of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data, while data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires, file research, observation and interviews. Sampling is done accidental sampling method as many is 100 families of general patients are hospitalized at RSIA Husada Bunda Salo Sub-District Kampar District. Based on the simulthan test results, the variable of tangible, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and assurance have a significant effect on general patient satisfaction at the RSIA Husada Bunda Salo Sub-District Kampar District. While based on the partial test results, the variable of tangible, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and assurance have a significant of individual effect on general patient satisfaction at the RSIA Husada Bunda Salo Sub-District Kampar District. The closeness of the relationship that occurs between the atractiveness tangible, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and assurance on the patient satisfaction at the RSIA Husada Bunda Salo Sub-District Kampar is very strong with a correlation coefficient R of 86,0%. While contribution of independent variables to the dependent variables is equual to 72,9% .


Abstract. Employees are one of the company's assets that must be managed properly. Therefore the selection of the best employees is now needed. The problem faced in determining the best and qualified employees is that there are still no standards in assessing only one person subjectively in determining the best employee, which consequently lacks appropriate or objective results. To provide rewards for the best employees, we need a system to support the decisions of the best employees who deserve to receive rewards to be on target. The purpose of this research is to design and build a decision support system application in determining the best employees using the analytic hierarchy process and weighted product methods. Stages of software development of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) uses a waterfall, that is data analysis, system design, construction, coding, testing and implementation. The results of this process are in the form of calculation applications that have been obtained from the analytic hierarchy process and weighted product methods in determining the best employee. The result gives an accuracy rate of 82.3%.Keywords: analytic hierarchy process, weighted product, decision support system, employees


Methods for clinically assessing patients with bronchitis and emphysema have steadily improved during the past decade. Single breath tests of ventilatory capacity have found the most favor.The prognosis in bronchitis and emphysema depends chiefly on the patient's age and degree of breathlessness.The failure to find an effective method for reducing bronchial mucus handicaps successful management of chronic bronchitis. Prophylactic measures are relied on almost exclusively. In addition to these measures, patients with emphysema should be taught controlled respiration.


Based on the Mindlin's solution of displacement for a concentrated force in space,combined with the well assumed mechanical characteristic form of the wholly grouted anchor in a joint plane,with the sliding force as a concentrated force,the formulas for the axial force and the shearing stress along the anchor are obtained.With them applied to rock slopes,the axial force and the shearing stress along the bolt for rock slopes of rock mass of different types are obtained.


The oil drop experiment is considered an important contribution to the understanding of modern physics and chemistry. The objective of this investigation is to study and contrast the views and understanding with respect to the experiment of physicists or philosophers of science with those of authors of physics or chemistry textbooks and laboratory manuals. Results obtained show that physicists and philosophers of science do understand that the experiment is difficult to perform even today, primarily because of the difficulty associated with the selection of the appropriate drops and that consensus was achieved in the scientific community after a bitter dispute between R.A. Millikan and F. Ehrenhaft. In contrast, authors of physics and chemistry textbooks and laboratory manuals ignore the controversy (especially with respect to the selection of the drops) and present an inductivist interpretation in which empirical data were crucial in the quantization of the charge of the electron. By highlighting the difference between the methodologies of Millikan and Ehrenhaft, textbooks can facilitate students' conceptual understanding of the experiment and thus stimulate interest. It is concluded that although experimental data are important, epistemologically their interpretation through conflicts and controversies is even more important.


After CVD to a density of 0.86?g/cm 3, the integral felt C/C composite is densified by furan resin impregnation process. The variations of density, open porosity and mechanical properties of the C/C material with the resin impregnation cycles are studied. Results indicate that with the liquid resin impregnation process, the density of the C/C material increases and the porosity decreases but their variation trends towards slowly after the first impregnation cycle. At the same time, the compressive strength increases continuously while flexible strength is almost the same after the first impregnation cycle due to their different influence mechanism. Microstructure of the C/C composites is also observed.


The thesis researched the heterogeneous data integration based on the middleware,and designed the mechanism of the heterogeneous data integration in the basis. Combined the development of the digitization platform about the archives of the aircraft enterprises,the thesis used XML and Dataset of the ADO.NET as the middleware and used Web Service as the interface to integrate the heterogeneous data successfully.


ABSTRACT The J8 peptide from the conserved region of the M protein protects against group A streptococcus infections. In this study, we demonstrate that vaccination with a J8-containing formulation induces IgG that recognizes and binds group C and G streptococci. Moreover, this formulation has the potential to provide protection against infections caused by these organisms.


A strong drift velocity non-linearity of the (doublestranded) DNA molecules vs. the electric field was discovered in gel electrophoresis. The non-linear drift velocity of the longer molecules is higher than that of the short ones, depending on the molecular size in a complex fashion. This behavior contrasts with that of the ordinary, linear, drift velocity where short molecules move faster than the long ones. The molecular size dependence of the non-linear velocity or the non-linear mobility has a non-monotonous wave-like character. The non-linear mobility offers possibilities of manipulating the drift velocity at will?the DNA fragments of different size can be made to move in opposite directions in pulsed field gel electrophoresis


The stimuli from car makers to obtain higher performances have prompted material's manufacturers to offer under the hood components based on polymeric composites


The first three-fifths of Patrick Bolton's paper surveys corporate bankruptcy practices in various major countries. Then the remaining two-fifths attempts to draw lessons for the SDRM initiative currently being pursued at the IMF and for competing proposals of other ways to ease debt restructuring in emergingmarket crises. This well-written paper is a welcome contribution in two ways. In the first place, it is a very clear and concise exposition of bankruptcy practices. Most writings on the subject are impenetrable to nonspecialists, because they toss around terms like debtor-in-possession and cram-down without defining them, although there do exist a few other good papers that explain the basics. But they tend to focus exclusively on U.S. practice or, at most, U.S. and U.K. practice. So this comparative study is particularly useful, and would be even if it stopped at that. But there is a higher purpose.


Recendy, Jiang Zemin, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, issued an order that the newly revised 'Routine Service Regulations', 'Regulations on Discipline' and 'Formation Regulations' (generaUy known as the common regulations) of the Chinese People's Liberation Army be implemented by the entire army. These are important measures for managing the army taken by the Central Military Commission, taking into account the actual situation, and are a great event in the army's building. The new common regulations are in keeping with the principles of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. They have inherited and carried fonvard the fine traditions of our army, and are in line with the guiding principles and theoretical principles of the CCP Central Committee and the Central Military Commission on the army's building during the new period. They retain the cream of the original regulations while embodying the new experiences in out army's building and the results of reform. They are the scientific summary of several dozen years of army building and hattle experience. and are of a clear-cur political nature and are very up-to-date and scirntifit. Conscientiously studying and resolutely enforcing the new common regulations is extremely significant to the army's sticking to the party's absolute leadership, maintaining its high stability, high concentration and unity, strengthening its overall building, and properly finishing the various duties the pany and state have entrusted it.


Objective— To investigate whether abnormal regional white matter architecture in the perisylvian region could be used as an easy and sensitive quantitative method to demonstrate language pathway abnormalities in children with developmental delay (DD). Study design— We performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 15 DD subjects (age: 61.1± 20.9 months) and 15 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (age: 68.4± 19.2). Using DTI color-coded orientation maps, we quantified the fraction of fibers in the perisylvian region that are oriented in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions and their ratio(AP/ML) was calculated. Results— The AP/ML ratio was more sensitive than tractography in characterizing perisylvian regional abnormalities in DD children. The AP/ML ratio of the left perisylvian region was significantly lower in DD children compared with TD children (p = 0.03). The ML component of bilateral perisylvian regions was significantly higher in DD children compared with TD children (p=0.01 (left) and p=0.004(right)). No significant difference was found in the AP component between the two groups. A significant negative correlation of the left ML component with Vineland communication skills was observed (r = − 0.657, p=0.011). Conclusions— The AP/ML ratio appears to be a sensitive indicator of regional white matter architectural abnormalities in the perisylvian region of DD children.


Mechanical dewatering of cut alfalfa could replace the traditional method of field drying and would also be cheaper than total thermal dehydration in dryers. Juice from alfalfa also contains several compounds that would meet the growing demands of a low-calorie-fed population and also, provide compounds that could find a cure to some of the fatal communicable diseases. The major objective of this research is to find the pressure levels required to remove some of the initial moisture from shredded alfalfa and the quality of the pressed pulp and juice if alfalfa is mechanically dewatered in a pressure cell. The results from dewatering using the pressure cell are used to simulate the working of a continuous screw press for process optimization purposes. Experiments on dewatering of alfalfa were done on a screw press which is originally designed for extracting oil from oilseeds. The screw press was modified to simulate the field conditions of a continuous dewatering process for cut alfalfa. Measurements were done for dewatering power consumption and the pressed pulp was pelleted on a pilot scale pelleting mill. The quality of pressed pulp and expressed juice was analyzed at different screw speeds and choke openings. Using the available data from the above experiments, a quasimechanistic model was developed for the continuous dewatering process in a single-screw press. The model is based on a semi-empirical relationship given by Koegel et al. (1972) for dewatering of alfalfa in a batch-type hydraulic press. The model was tested against the experimental data and a sensitivity


In given article mental burning out as the system formation representing an element of system of professional development of the person is considered. As result of the certain stage of professional development, it bears in itself all signs describing given stage and system of professional development as a whole.


We were warmly greeted by Deputy Secretary of Health Planning and Assessment Marty Raniowsky, who opened for Dr. Karen Murphy, the Acting Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Dr. Murphy, although being in her position for a matter of weeks, was well-versed and eager to share with us the Department of Health priorities and policies. She was gracious enough to answer our questions, which included a broad range of public health topics.


Professor MA Rou considered that the old, famous TCM doctor can reflect the academic level and clinical efficacy of a period, can inherit and promote the development of TCM. We have to inherit Chinese medicine academical theory, cultivate a crop of famous doctor, to promote the development of TCM. Professor MA Rou submitted 4 demands that all the Traditional Chinese Medicine Talents must possess.(1) Should be familiar with the classic, and have solid rationale;(2) Study hard and all-inclusived;(3) Have their own specialized direction and learn from famous teacher;(4) Know how to apply the knowledge to solve practical clinical problems.


Volume versus outcomes. How should the orthopaedic surgeon and the medical community at large react? This issue of The Journal contains an important article by Katz et al. dealing with the association between hospital and surgeon volume and outcomes of total hip surgery in the United States Medicare population1. It appears logical to assume that the more experience that a surgeon has with a particular procedure, the better the result and that a so-called learning curve may be associated with many surgical procedures. One can hardly argue with the goal of improving our care of patients by providing the best possible outcome. This is particularly true of high-volume procedures such as total hip replacements, which are performed at the rate of more than 200,000 per year2. The majority of both primary and revision total hip arthroplasties in patients in the Medicare population are performed by surgeons who carry out fewer than ten of these procedures per year.

Higher surgeon and/or hospital volume has been associated with better outcomes in several areas, including cardiac surgery3,4; cancer surgery5; cataract surgery6; and medical management of various conditions, including …


Common causes of weight loss in horses include inadequate dietary intake, dental problems and endoparasites. However, once these common causes are ruled out, the spectrum of weight loss causes can be ample and in some cases, may indicate the presence of severe illness. Given the clinical relevance of weight loss, the equine clinician is faced with important questions that need to be answered. A systematic diagnostic approach to weight loss should be followed.


This work tends to enhance the visualisation of relevant geographic information by proposing a conceptual framework for the development of attention-guiding geovisualisation. The main challenge is to stimulate a users decision-making and to reduce the cognitive workload by pro-viding high responsiveness in specific visual brain areas that are involved in visual geographic information processing. Based on theories and research findings in GIScience and cognitive neuropsychology the research basis of this work is formed by combining utility and usability issues of system engineering. The evaluation results of the eye movement recording reveal that the proposed attention-guiding design approach significantly enhances visual geographic information processing and contribute to the overall acceptability of geographic information systems and geovisualisations that are needed for fast and accurate decision-making processes.


A stabilized composition of modified polyphenylene oxide comprising a graft polymer obtained by polymerizing a styrene-type compound in the presence of a polyphenylene oxide with or without a rubber-like polymer and incorporated with (a) 0.1 to 10 percent, preferably 0.5 to 7 percent by weight of a sterically hindered phenol and (b) 0.1 to 10 percent, preferably 0.5 to 7 percent by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of thioethers of carboxylic acid esters, trialkyl or triaryl phosphites, trialkyl or triaryl thiophosphites, and arylamines; or alternatively, incorporated with (c) 0.1 to 10 percent, preferably 0.5 to 7 percent by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal salts of dithiocarbamic acids, 2-mercaptoimidazoline, and zinc salt of mercaptobenzothiazole.


articles which have appeared in previous issues is published in the journal from time to time when space permits. The entries have been arranged in a broadly geographical sequence, with the original classification symbols and reference numbers appended to facilitate reference to the entries in LISA, which also provides alphabetical name and subject indexes and an outline of the classification scheme. Would readers please note that enquiries regarding the documents listed here should be addressed to the publisher concerned, not to the Information Development editorial office or to Mansell Publishing. In case of difficulty, publishers' addresses may be obtained from LISA at the address given below.


problems. It is meant to simplify a terribly complex tax code and to remove preferential treatments that make the system unfair and bias investment choices in favor of subsidized activities. But the tax code revision will have other effects because private investors, consumers and governments have spent decades working out their response to the incentives of the present system and now must alter their behavior. One important set of impacts of the tax reform likely will be to change the role of state versus local governments in our federal system, to heighten the fiscal competition among state and local governments, and to compromise the financial situation of certain large cities. Since we are a country with neither a national urban policy nor a national industrial policy, it is especially important that the impacts of national economic policy on urban economies be aired.


Harmaline doses of 25 or 50mg/kg were administered i.p. to albino rats, the animals being killed 3 h later. Falck-Hillarp's fluorescence microscopic method and Bjorklund's method for the evaluation of


Soil compaction has been becoming one of the main impacts caused by mechanized harvesting activities. The weight and movement of machines at the time of cutting and loading timber combined with the inappropriate moisture condition of the soil are the main causes of soil structural degradation, observed mainly by changes in physical properties. Thus, this work aimed to identify soil compaction caused due to forest harvesting of Pinus taeda L. performed on three different soil moistures. The study was conducted in the operational areas of a forestry company located in Parana on red latosol. The treatments consisted of the interaction of three factors: moisture (rainy day harvesting and 3 and 7 days after rain), harvesting operations (machine traffic, no machine traffic/eventual timer landing and yard), and time of collection (before and after harvest). The residual biomass from forest harvesting was essential to minimize soil compaction caused by machinery traffic that was close to the maximum. The gradation of soil moisture represented by the different days of harvest after a rain did not influence differently the soil compaction. However, harvesting operations impacted soil to a depth of 10 cm causing compaction on the traffic lines of the machines, while the others operations did not cause changes in density, macroporosity and resistance to penetration.


We find a universal relationship between core-level binding energies of the Ba 3${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$, Sr 3${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$, Ca 2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$, and Y 3${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$ levels and ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ among several hole-type high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and related oxides (the Y, Bi, and Pb systems) with two Cu-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ planes in a unit structure. The binding-energy dependence of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is very similar to the hole-concentration dependence of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. This suggests that the local electronic states around Ba, Sr, Ca, and Y should be common and the core-level binding energies of these elements can be a measure of the hole concentration for these oxides.


1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to ACC in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. Lots of important ACC synthase genes have been isolated and characterized from the plant kingdom. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding putative ACC synthase was isolated from a cDNA library produced using mRNA from pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia ). The cDNA clone, designated PpACS1 (GenBank accession No. JQ284383), comprised an open reading frame of 1, 341 bp encoding a protein of 446 amino acids that shares high similarity with the known plant ACSs. Using PCR amplification techniques, a genomic clone corresponding to PpACS1 was isolated and shown to contain two introns with typical GT/AG boundaries defining the splice junctions. The PpACS1 gene product shared 97% identity with an ACC synthase from pear ( Pyrus communis ), and phylogenetic analyses clearly placed the gene product in the ACC synthase cluster of the plant ACS superfamily tree. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the PpACS1 gene was preferentially expressed in pear leaves. The transcript of PpACS1 gene was accumulated at relatively high levels in anthers. The expression signal was detected in shoot at relatively low levels, but none signal was detected in developing fruit of pear. These results suggested that the PpACS1 may participate in the regulation of ethylene production in pear leaves and anthers.


Background. In recent years several diseases have been shown to have a relationship with smoking. Psoriasis is largely a disease of smokers, whereas acne appears to be associated with not smoking.


Journal for Indigenous Health Surgery IH001 HEPATIC ABSCESSES IN ALICE SPRINGS: A 15-YEAR CASE SERIES MANJUKA RAJ, NAGENDRA DUDI-VENKATA, KYI SAW-TIN, JAMES WALCOTT AND OLLAPALLIL JACOB Alice Springs Hospital, NT Although hepatic abscesses are rare, they cause considerable morbidity. Factors predictive of their development include age, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease and alcoholism. The prevalence of these risk factors in Alice Springs is high. There is a constant influx of tourists, both local and overseas. This is the first study to investigate characteristics and risk factors of the patient demographic that present with a hepatic abscess in Alice Springs. This is a retrospective case series. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing Excel and online Pearson coefficient calculators. 80% are of Indigenous background. 61% that required ICU admission came from camps outside of Alice Springs. The index white cell count and CRP were not predictive of an ICU admission. 26% were managed conservatively, 26% underwent percutaneous drainage in Alice Springs and 38% were transferred to Royal Adelaide hospital (RAH). 19% underwent open drainage in RAH, whereas 3% underwent open drainage in Alice. Within the study population, the typical risk factors were not as prevalent as described in the literature. All of the abscesses were pyogenic. The inciting pathogens were unique and may partly reflect the high proportion of tourists visiting Alice Springs. Managing this rare pathology in a remote setting poses unique challenges and these are also described in this study. © 2016 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons ANZ J. Surg. 2016; 86 (S1) 92


Shaped by climate change and sea‐level rise, tidal salt marshes represent ephemeral systems that are home to only a few species. The dynamic ecological histories of these habitats, however, render it challenging to reconstruct the complete biogeographical histories of their endemic taxa. To better understand the evolutionary history of tidal marsh endemic sparrows, we employ genomic data to evaluate the timing and direction of tidal marsh colonization events and leverage these data to test a series of models describing the biogeographical history of our study taxa.


Program verification has been a major area of research and development since last couple of years (Baresel, Binkley, Harman, & Korel, 2004; Manevich, Yahav, Ramalingam, & Sagiv, 2005; Lahiri & Qadeer, 2005). Different hybrid intelligent predicate and finite state machine based tools put a significant contribution to this progress. For a number of programs, the verification condition whose validity establishes the correctness of the program is expressible in a combination of first order theories such as arithmetic, un-interrupted functions, and propositional logic. However the simple first order predicate logic fails to prove properties towards a crucial data structure e.g. linked list and its all variants. The main problem with reasoning about a data structure, such as a linked list, is that it is impossible to express an invariant about all members of a list using simple first-order logic. This requires a propagation and ripple loop in predicate logic to verify the attributes of linked list successfully. It has been observed that kernel of operating systems and device drivers manipulate a variety of data structures, such as arrays, singly and doubly abSTraCT


This article reviews issues including what constitutes hate speech and whether and how to regulate it through an analysis of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. The relevant cases are divided into five fields: political controversy, religious conflict, racial dispute, national identity and gender character. The Court does not explicitly define hate speech, but regards Nazi, Fascist, anti-Jewish, extreme expression, exclusion of Muslims or members of a specific race, race-based threats, and appeals to violence as forms of hate speech. Some of these expressions are excluded from protection because of Article 17 of the Convention. The Court also rules that a political party based on Sharia law can be dissolved; preventive measure can be imposed due to an association with true threats; speech appealing to violence can be prohibited. This essay argues that the Court need not draw a "restricted zone", nor emphasis the application of Article 17 of the Convention. It may, instead, focus on second paragraphs of Articles 10 and 11 to review whether the restrictions comply with the principle of proportionality. The essay also argues that the Court has to clarify why Sharia law does not stand with democratic principles. The Court should insist on its own relevant and sufficient pressing social need principle.


A general reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is an important topic currently discussed by both society and government -- lower allowed emission values would strongly affect automotive manufacturers as road transport produces, for example, about one fifth of the CO2 emissions in the European Union. But that's not all, also the individual driver could be affected from regulatory mechanisms as it is feasible, not least due to the broad availability of wireless and information technology in cars, to demand the assembly of a "personal carbon dioxide profile" including all the emissions accumulating from operating vehicles, traveling by plane, and even from using public transport, and in succession to charge a person based on its effective CO2 consumption. One problem arising in this field is that an individual usually is not aware about his/her CO2 consumption, neither about which means of transportation produces what amount of carbon dioxide (what is the personal fraction of CO2 for a large plane with 250 passengers traveling 5, 000km?), nor how exactly to drive a vehicle economic or wasting with respect to CO2 emission or what the difference between these two extreme values (in terms of cost) is. To counteract the issue of driving economy, which is the only the driver can directly control, we propose a inattentive operating vibro-tactile notification system integrated into the car (safety belt or seating), helping the driver in his/her (i) subjective CO2 valuation and (ii) reduction of CO2 emissions while driving.
 Results from real driving experiments have shown that drivers tend to drive more economic with regard to carbon dioxide emission when perceiving tactile feedback about their current driving efficiency compared to baseline tests without technology assistance.

http://www.pervasive.jku.at/Research/Publications/_Documents/2010_Subliminal vibro-tactile based notification of CO2 economy while driving_Riener.pdf


Therapeutic revascularization with either exogenous angiogenic growth factors or vascular cells has yet to demonstrate efficacy in the clinic. Injection of angiogenic growth factors often produces unstable and abnormal blood vessels. Blood vascular networks derived from implanted endothelial cells persist only transiently due to the insufficient recruitment of perivascular cells. We hypothesize that a combination of the two approaches may act synergistically to yield a better result. To enhance the recruitment of perivascular cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were genetically modified to overexpress platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. PDGF-BB overexpression promoted both proliferation and migration of perivascular precursor cells (10T1/2 cells) in vitro. When mock-infected endothelial cells were implanted alone in vivo , they formed transient blood vascular networks that regressed by day 30. PDGF-BB overexpression enhanced the survival of endothelial cells in vivo. However, the PDGF-BB-expressing vessel network failed to establish patent blood flow. Co-implantation of PDGF-BB-overexpressing endothelial cells with 10T1/2 cells paradoxically resulted in the rapid regression of the vascular networks in vivo. PDGF-BB stimulated the expression of both chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL7 in 10T1/2 cells and led to the increased accumulation of macrophages in vivo. These results suggest a potential negative interaction between angiogenic growth factors and vascular cells; their use in combination should be carefully tested in vivo for such opposing effects. (Am J Pathol 2009, 175:294–302; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080887) Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is critical during tissue repair and regeneration. In cases of insufficient or impaired angiogenesis, the injured tissue remains dysfunctional and may suffer from irreversible damage. To combat this, two broad approaches have been used for enhancing angiogenesis: (i) delivery of pro-angiogenic genes (by gene transfer) or proteins (by bolus injection or controlled release devices) for endothelial and perivascular cell recruitment, and (ii) delivery of endothelial cells alone or together with perivascular cells. Therapeutic angiogenesis requires temporally and spatially orchestrated delivery of growth factors to form a functional and durable vasculature. A number of studies have shown that the use of a single angiogenic factor fail to form a mature and stable vasculature. For example, injection of an adenoviral vector expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into normal tissue leads to highly disorganized, leaky, and hemorrhagic vessels. Furthermore, VEGF can potentiate inflammation by increasing the expression of adhesion molecules or the release of chemokines. In addition, the resulting vessels are highly unstable and regress on removal of the angiogenic stimulus. Maturation and stabilization of new vessels requires perivascular cells. Perivascular cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes are thought to provide structural integrity to the blood vessels, lay down the extracellular matrix, and provide necessary survival factors to the endothelial cells. One potential way to enhance vessel maturation is by sequentially delivering VEGF and platelet-derived growth


This paper presents abstracts of the talks given at the 3rd International Conference on Stochastic Methods, which was held June 3--9, 2018 in the village of Divnomorskoe at the Raduga sports and fi...


Results confirm the feasibility of inoculating a stirred tank bioreactor directly from a cryopreserved working cell bank, then shows how this operation can be improved by attaching the cells to the microcarriers before cryopreservation. This inoculation via bead-to-bead transfer method is shown to reduce the inherent lag phase, enabling the cells to enter the growth phase earlier consequently reducing the overall culture time by 24-hours without negatively affecting cell yield or potency.


In this paper, a metamaterial-based sensor consisting of an array of nanorods is proposed. An analytical model, describing the electromagnetic response of the nanorods, is proposed. Such model is verified through the comparison to full-wave numerical simulations. A good agreement between analytical and numerical results is achieved (above 95%). The sensor is able to detect the presence of glucose and its concentration in aqueous solutions. The presence of the compound under study modify the sensor electromagnetic response, allowing to measure its concentration in an accurate way. The designed sensor may find application in many fields of medical diagnostics.


This paper first introduces some important considerations for choosing wavelet basis when wavelet transform is used to perform image compression,and the experimental results shows that the different wavelet bases have different effects on image compression of BMP type. The EZW is representative methods in embedded image coding algorithms based on wavelet transform. In this paper,the main principle,particularly the performance of EZW algorithm,is analyzed and improved through experiments.


It all started rather fast. In the middle of the '70s the two American scientists Rowland and Molina launched the theory about a depletion of the ozone layer by 7-9% caused by emissions of fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) some time in the future. Rowland and Molina especially pointed at aerosol cans filled with CFCs - at that time about half of the CFC consumption.


Public disputes over the legal regulation of religion are often portrayed as naturally occurring conflicts between competing normative systems: religious law and state law. What, then, explains why some normative frictions become the focus of major controversies, whereas others do not? This article tries to answer this question, while examining a genre of religious law that has not received much attention by scholars of law and religion, Buddhist law in Sri Lanka. Drawing on monastic disciplinary texts, legal archives, and representations of law taken from online and popular media, this article analyzes how and why a minor, routine friction between Buddhist ecclesiastical rules and Sri Lankan statutory regulations—a dispute over whether a monk may wear his robes in prison—came to be portrayed as a grand contest between two incompatible regimes: "Buddhist law" and "state law."


Wozencraft and Kennedy have suggested that the appropriate demodulator criterion of goodness is the cutoff rate of the discrete memoryless channel (DMC) created by the modulation system; the criterion of goodness adopted in this paper is the "symmetric" cutoff rate which differs from the former criterion only in that the signals are assumed equally likely. Massey's necessary condition for optimal coherent demodulation of binary signals is generalized to M -ary signals. It is shown that the optimal demodulator decision regions in likelihood space are bounded by hyperplanes. An iterative method is formulated for finding these optimal decision regions from an initial "good guess." For additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), the corresponding optimal decision regions in signal space are bounded by hypersurfaces with hyperplane asymptotes; these asymptotes themselves bound the decision regions of a demodulator which, in several examples, is shown to be virtually optimal. In many cases, the necessary condition for demodulator optimality is also sufficient, but a counterexample to its general sufficiency is given.


When modelling two-way analysis of variance interactions by a multiplicative term-[Formula] asymptotic variances and covariances are derived for the parameters p, yi and Sj using maximum likelihood theory. The asymptotic framework is defined by a2/K where K is the number of observations per combination of the two factors and a2 the common variance of the eijk values. The results can be applied when K = 1. Two Monte Carlo studies were carried out to check the validity of the formulae for small values of 02/K and to assess their usefulness when replacing the unknown parameters by their estimations. The formulae fit well but the confidence regions produced are too narrow if the interaction term is small. The procedure is illustrated with two examples.


In their retrospective study of 206 congenital heart surgeons across 91 centers, Anderson et al1 report that surgeons in their earliest years in practice have similar outcomes compared with more senior colleagues. In contrast, surgeons who have been practicing for >35 years were found to have considerably higher postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, even after accounting for the potential effects of procedural volume. These findings are reassuring in that surgeons in their early years of practice can achieve similar outcomes compared with their more experienced partners. Notably, these results are also aligned with prior literature that suggests that there are differences in clinical care and outcomes by clinician age in both surgical and medical specialties.2–4 However, findings from the current study also indicate that this effect is independent of procedural volume, and maintaining caseloads and repetition may not confer a protective effect against age-related changes in surgeon performance. Taken together, these results highlight the need for careful reflection about the mechanisms that underlie surgeon performance and clinical outcomes over time.

See Article by Anderson et al

Surgical performance reflects more than technical skills alone. The ability to execute a procedure efficiently, meticulously, and safely is borne from experience, cognitive skills, dexterity, visual-spatial ability, and environmental factors. Particularly …


Using the Heegaard Floer homology of Ozsvath and Szabo we investigate obstructions to definite intersection pairings bounded by rational homology spheres. As an application we obtain new lower bounds for the four-ball genus of Montesinos links.


With the advance of the Cloud Computing paradigm, a single service offered by a cloud platform may not be enough to meet all the application requirements. To fulfill such requirements, it may be necessary, instead of a single service, a composition of services that aggregates services provided by different cloud platforms. In this perspective, this work presents Cloud Integrator, a middleware platform for composing services provided by different Cloud Computing platforms. Composition is performed by considering metadata about the services such as QoS, prices etc. By integrating the complementary paradigms of Service-Oriented Computing and Cloud Computing, Cloud Integrator enables the use of services provided by providers in a transparent way for the user, being necessary solutions for publishing, discovering, and composing these services. In terms of cloud infrastructure, Cloud Integrator lies in the PaaS layer, allowing HaaS, SaaS and DaaS resources to be available for the users so that they can build applications consisting of the composition of services provided by these platforms. In this paper, the application of Cloud Integrator is illustrated using a simple cloud-based e-commerce application.


The manual is essentially a compilation of Test and Evaluation Techniques. In preparing the manual a wide range of techniques were considered. However, only those which could readily be applied in the T&E environment were included. The manual is intended to serve as a source document which will be updated as new techniques evolve.


Since copper is the most widely used nonferrous metal in China,the research on the use and recycling of copper plays a strategic role in the sustainable development of economy.In this paper the copper flow was interpreted in the SFA model of "STAF" by the four stages such as production,manufacture fabrication,use and waste management.The change in stock and substance flow of copper in China in 2004 was analyzed,and the result showed that from 1998 to 2004,the average of PZ,PS,MZ and MSwere 49.08%,25.98%,57.14% and 21.45%,respectively,being far below the level of European countries.It's revealed by the comparison of copper flows in China between 1994 and 2004,the copper inflows and outflows of every stage in China had all inreased,while the recycling rate of waste copper had a lower increase than the quickly growing demand of copper.Therefore,faced with the resource crisis,the key points of the sustainable development of copper industry in China are the intensification of policy guidance and technical research,and the increase of the resource production of primary resource and the recycling rate of secondary resource.


Using synchroton x-ray measurements, we show that the scattering associated with the q 1 charge density wave (CDW) reflects a 2D regime of fluctuations with in-plane anisotropy. The plane of 2D fluctuations is likely to be formed by the chains with the shortest Se-Se pairing. 3D coupling sets in within 2 K above the transition temperature T 1 ∼150 K with out-of-plane anisotropy. q 1 has a significant variation from 0.2445 (1) at T 1 to 0.2411 (1) at ∼80 K and then remains constant to the lowest temperatures


On the Friday, March 28, the technical staff of the CID Competence Centre briefed two of us, the scientific experts Professor Patrizia Marti and Professor Tom Rodden, on the four established scientific programmes on Connected Communities, Interactive Learning Environments, Interaction Forms and User Oriented Design. The presentations were delivered by a combination of senior scientists, academic staff and PhD students. These presentations were complemented by a series of demonstrations. On the Morning of Saturday March 29th, we were briefed on these same areas and the surrounding context of the CID Centre. The presentations given complemented those of Friday, with the addition of presentations from the Chairman of the Board and a selection of the industrial partners who described their relationship to CID. We would like to thank the CID Director, Professor Yngve Sundblad, and all of the industry representatives, scientists and students involved with CID for the presentations describing the Centre and its scientific programmes. We appreciated the openness and warmth of the members of CID, particularly their willingness to answer questions, provide demonstrations and engage in debates and discussions. Our thanks also go to VINNOVA for inviting us, and to Barbro Atlestam and Staffan Hjorth for assistance in all aspects of the review. The last three years have seen significant progress in the scientific research programme of CID. We have seen a significant increasing in external publications • an increase from 1 to 7 journal publications including a special issue dedicated to CID; • an increase from 0 to 6 book chapters; • an increase from 16 to 35 papers at international conferences. CID has also graduated 8 PhD-students (5 doctors and 3 licentiates), which is nearly double the target suggested by the review team three years ago. In terms of the top-level measures it is clear that CID is operating as a leading international research centre.


OBJECTIVE
To observe effects of acupuncture and diet on insulin resistance (IR) and to probe the mechanism.

METHODS
Forty SID rats were equally divided into 5 groups: blank group (group I), model group I (group II), model group II (group III), acupuncture group I (group IV) and acupuncture group II (group V). The groups II, III, N and V were fed with high-fat-sugar-salt forage to made IR model, then the groups I, III and V were fed with normal forage, and the groups II and IV with the high-fat-sugar-salt forage, and the acupuncture groups IV and V received acupuncture treatment. Two weeks later, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin (INS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), INS antibody and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected.

RESULTS
As compared with group I, FBG and INS increased, ISI decreased in the group II (all P < 0.01); as compared with the group II , FBG and INS decreased (all P < 0.01) and ISI increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the group [II, IV, V; no case with INS antibody (+) in all groups; TNF-alpha in the group II increased compared with that of the group I (P < 0.01), and TNF-alpha in the group III, IV, V decreased compared with that of group II (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Acupuncture exerts a reversal effect on insulin resistance, and diet can promotes this effect. The mechanism is carried out possibly through decreasing the secretion of TNF-alpha.


Calcining seed of rutile titanium dioxide was prepared at low temperature using metatitanic acid as raw material through alkaline hydrolysis,hydrolysis reaction,first washing,neutralization reaction,second washing and acid dissolution.These kinds of seed were added in the salt treatment,and the influences of calcining seed and calcination temperatures on the content of rutile TiO2 pigment were examined systemically.The results indicated that above 90% rutile titania gel with high stability could be obtained under the conditions as follows:reaction temperature of 100 ℃,slurry concentration(based on TiO2 concentration) in 90~120 g/L,mass ratio of HCl to TiO2 in 0.3~0.5,reaction time for 90~120 min.During the salt treatment,the rutile TiO2 content could be more than 99% when the content of seed was 3%~5% at the calcination temperature of 900℃ for 2 h.


En Echelon fold type of stratum fold model with non-symmetry behavior is introduced for the first time,using the bi-moduli elastic foundation in geomechanical tectonic analyses.The w_(ij) continuous displacement function and δ_(ij) jump function are designed according to the principle of subregion.The continuity condition of displacement in the common boundary can be drawn into functional of the generalized variational principle by means of Lagrange multiplier method.The numerical results of some structures are discussed.The key multiplier L of non-symmetry behavior is controlled by the contrast parameter of foundations α.


In many medical applications of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), it is desirable to generate the region of active action of HIFU with predetermined geometrical characteristics and shape. This task could be solved by means of synthesis of multiple foci, which is possible to generate with the use of random two-dimensional phased arrays. Examples illustrating such a possibility are presented in this work. It is considered with what minimum spacing between the foci it is possible to generate a set of foci consisting of the large number of foci (e.g., 25) with the use of two-dimensional therapeutic arrays. It is shown that this value is slightly larger than the ultrasound wavelength (λ). The opportunity to generate a set of foci with tightly packed arrangement (for example, with inter-foci spacing of 0.7 1.3 λ) is shown. It is shown that the high quality of the amplitude distribution in the focal volume of HIFU is possible to achieve at the inter-foci spacing in the intermediate subsets of foci ≥ 1.5-2 λ. It is shown that arrays with random distribution of elements over the array surface allow generating the field of focal volumes of HIFU with different predetermined shapes and with the appropriate for practical applications level of the intensity in the grating lobes and other secondary maxima. It is shown the possibility to steer the set of multiple foci off the array axis at least at ± 10 mm.


After the first report of electroluminescence, EL, in poly(p-phenylenevinylene)(PPV)-based diodes, much effort has been devoted to the preparation of novel π-conjugated polymers in order to change the emission color and/or to increase the EL efficiency. At present the key research work for the ELDs still focus on the molecular design, synthesis and modification of luminescence materials. It is found that synthesis route, reaction conditions and raw materials used, all have strongly influence on the yield, solubility and luminescence of the product obtained. In this paper, four kinds of PPV derivatives with symmetrical and asymmetrical alkoxyl substitutes are prepared by dehydrochlorination process with p-methoxylphenol and p-diphenol as raw materials. The effects of synthesis route and reaction conditions are investigated in detailed. The molecular structure is characterized with IR, 1H-NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The thermal stability and thermo performance are obtained for TGA curves. The PL and EL characteristics are examined through fluorescent spectroscopy. The results show that PMOBOPV and PMOCOPV have excellent solubility and filming forming, which are better than PDBOPV and PDCOPV. Finally a single layer and two layer light-emitting devices were fabricated with PMOBOPV as light-emitting layer and Alq 3 as electron transfer layer. The EL and PL are studied. It is indicated that for the single layer devices light-emitting voltage is 6V, the highest luminescence degree is 146cd/cm 2; for two layer devices the luminescence voltage is 4V,the luminescence degree is 900cd/cm 2 when applied voltage become 14V.


A 68-year-old man presented with his left index finger swollen at the proximal interphalangeal joint (Picture 1A). He noticed palpitation, tremor and weight loss 3 months previously. At presentation, atrial fibrillation, pretibial myxedema, exophthalmos, diplopia on upgaze, but not fingernail clubbing were noted. Thyroid function tests were indicative of hyperthyroidism, leading to a diagnosis of Graves' disease. Radiographs of the finger demonstrated a soft tissue swelling but not bone lesions or periosteal reactions (Picture 1B). Skin biopsy samples from the lesion disclosed widely spaced collagen and extensive mucin deposition as identified by alcian blue staining (Picture 1C). These features were consistent with thyroid dermopathy (1). The skin lesion did not cause any complaints without treatment. The same finger had been injured 20 years previously (Picture 1A, arrow). Trauma is a precipitating factor of thyroid dermopathy (2) and may explain why the skin lesion developed in his finger in addition to the pretibial area.


We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who was managed as an asthma patient since infancy but was later found to have a tracheal web.

Born at 31 weeks by caesarean section for maternal prolonged rupture of membranes and oligohydramnios, the patient was ventilated for 6 days. She had an inspiratory stridor thought to …


The principle, development history, current situation and advance of the research and aplication of the electrostatic spraying-dusting technique,The application perspective of the electrostatic spraying-dusting technique in the control of pest and disease in forest and greenhouse,artificial pollination of plant,chemical weeding in forest ,smoking discharging and pestcide spraying by airplane was disscussed?


We investigate the question of optimal input ensembles for memory channels and construct a rather large class of Pauli channels with correlated noise which can be studied analytically with regard to the entanglement of their optimal input ensembles. In a more detailed study of a subclass of these channels, the complete phase diagram of the two-qubit channel, which shows three distinct phases is obtained. While increasing the correlation generally changes the optimal state from separable to maximally entangled states, this is done via an intermediate region where both separable and maximally entangled states are optimal. A more concrete model, based on random rotations of the error operators which mimic the behavior of this subclass of channels is also presented.


Software systems of today are frequently composed from prefabricated, heterogeneous components that provide complex functionality and engage in complex interactions. Software architecture research has revealed the importance of component interactions on our ability to perform software composition. Various development organizations have found interaction mismatches to be both difficult and a core issue behind failed software integration efforts. This paper is aimed at improving the understanding of component interactions, embodied in the notion of software connectors, in order to prevent such failures. Our previous work has resulted in a four-level classification framework for studying the characteristics of connectors. This paper presents a comprehensive taxonomy of software connectors based on the previously published connector classification framework. This taxonomy is used to explain various existing software connectors and study compatibility of connector characteristics, intended to prevent component interaction mismatches.


As the dynamic range of a digital camera is narrower than that of a real scene, the captured image requires a tone curve or contrast correction to reproduce the information in dark regions. Yet, when using a global correction method, such as histogrambased methods and gamma correction, an unintended contrast enhancement in bright regions can result. Thus, a multiscale retinex algorithm using Gaussian filters was already proposed to enhance the local contrast of a captured image using the ratio between the intensities of an arbitrary pixel in the captured image and its surrounding pixels. The intensity of the surrounding pixels is estimated using Gaussian filters and weights for each filter, and to obtain better results, these Gaussian filters and weights are adjusted in relation to the captured image. Nonetheless, this adjustment is currently a subjective process, as no method has yet been developed for optimizing the Gaussian filters and weights according to the captured image. Therefore, this article proposes local contrast enhancement based on an adaptive multiscale retinex using a Gaussian filter set adapted to the input image. First, the weight of the largest Gaussian filter is determined using the local contrast ratio from the intensity distribution of the input image. The other Gaussian filters and weights for each Gaussian filter in the multiscale retinex are then determined using a visual contrast measure and the maximum color difference of the color patches in the Macbeth color checker. The visual contrast measure is obtained based on the product of the local standard deviation and locally averaged luminance of the image. Meanwhile, to evaluate the halo artifacts generated in large uniform regions that abut to form a high contrast edge, the artifacts are evaluated based on the maximum color difference between each color of the pixels in a patch in the Macbeth color and the averaged color in CIELAB standard color space. When considering the color difference for halo artifacts, the parameters for the Gaussian filters and weights representing a higher visual contrast measure are determined using test images. In addition, to reduce the induced graying-out, the chroma of the resulting image is compensated by preserving the chroma ratio of the input image based on the maximum chroma values of the sRGB color gamut in the lightness–chroma plane. In experiments, the proposed method is shown to improve the local contrast and saturation in a natural way. VC 2011 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. [DOI: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2011.55.4.040502] INTRODUCTION Human vision is a complicated automatic self-adapting system that is capable of seeing over 5 orders of magnitude simultaneously and can gradually adapt to natural world scenes with a high dynamic range of over 9 orders of magnitude. Thus, human vision can concurrently perceive details in both bright and dark regions. In contrast, current color imaging capture and display devices, such as digital cameras, cathode ray tubes (CRTs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), are unable to capture and represent a dynamic range of more than 100:1. This means that the captured images suffer from poor scene detail and color reproduction in dark areas, especially in the case of a scene that contains both bright and dark areas. Nonetheless, despite the need to adjust the contrast of an image captured by a digital camera to represent the viewer's perception of the natural scene, this remains a difficult problem, insofar as the human visual system is extremely complex and current techniques are unable to replicate it completely. As the sensitivity of the human eye changes locally according to the position of an object and the illuminant in the scene, a spatially adaptive method is required to overcome these limitations, which has led to the recent development of the single-scale retinex model, based on the retinex theory as a model of human vision perception. The singlescale retinex model utilizes the ratio of the lightness for a small central field in the region of interest to the average lightness over an extended field, where a Gaussian filter is generally used to obtain the average lightness. However, application of the single-scale retinex model introduces several problems, such as halos and graying-out, depending on the size of the Gaussian filter, which varies according to


A bone resorptive agent extracted from the tissues surrounding orthodontically-treated teeth is purified using ultrafiltration and isoelectric focusing. A two-fold increase in release of 45Ca could be achieved with as little as 0.6 microgram/ml of this material.


Recent developments in radiocarbon dating techniques have made it feasible to determine /sup 14/C//sup 12/C ratios in samples containing milligram or even microgram quantities of carbon. As a result, it has become practicable to apply these techniques to the study of trace gases and particles in the atmosphere, as a means of resolving anthropogenic from natural source components. Interpretation of /sup 14/C data is straightforward: biospheric carbon (such as vegetation) is alive with a /sup 14/C//sup 12/C ratio of about 1.5 x 10 to the 12th power, whereas fossil carbon is dead. Beyond this dichotomous classification it becomes very interesting to combine the isotopic data with concurrent chemical data, as well as spatial and temporal distributions, in order to infer the strengths of specific sources of carbonaceous pollutants. A brief review will be presented of program on atmospheric gases and carbonaceous particles. For the latter, the authors have assayed individual chemical and size fractions, and samples collected in urban, rural, and remote locales. The biogenic carbon fraction -- presumably from wood-burning -- ranged from 10 to 100% for the urban samples analyzed.


The mechanism of open pit mine loading and transporting equipment(excavator,electric locomotive)and the development trend of control system of such equipment are explained.On the basis of analyzing the difficult points of control,the appropriate solution methods are given out.


Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare calcitonin‐producing neuroendocrine tumour that originates from the parafollicular C‐cells of the thyroid gland. The RET proto‐oncogene encodes the RET receptor tyrosine kinase, which has essential roles in cell survival, differentiation and proliferation. Activating mutations of RET are associated with the pathogenesis of MTC and have been demonstrated in nearly all hereditary and in 30–50% of sporadic MTC cases, making this receptor an excellent target for small‐molecule inhibitors for this tumour. Clinical trials of small organic inhibitors of tyrosine kinase receptors (TKIs) targeting the RET receptor have shown efficacy for treatment of metastatic MTC with 30–50% of patients responding to these agents. Despite the importance of the RET receptor in MTC, it is clear that other signal transduction pathways, tyrosine kinase receptors, and tumour suppressor genes are involved in MTC tumourigenesis and progression. A better understanding of molecular cross‐talk between these signal pathways and the RET receptor may lead to combinatorial therapy that will improve outcomes beyond what is currently possible with RET‐directed TKIs. Finally, there is evidence that immunological‐based therapy using dendritic cell vaccination strategies have been effective for reducing tumour mass in a small number of patients. The identification of additional MTC‐specific tumour antigens and a better understanding of specific epitopes in these tumour antigens may lead to improvement of response rates.


The present study focus on the degradation features of ancient Lu Embroidery have been discussed from the molecule structure of protein via the infrared spectrum and XRD analysis. The ancient Lu Embroidery has N-H feature absorb peak at wavenumber of 3300 in the infrared spectrum. The XRD analysis of ancient Lu Embroidery fabric shows that the peptide in the un-crystallization can be depredated quickly and the crystallization is relative slow.


Computing with Words (CWW) aims to investigate the possibility of imitating the unique ability of humans for approximate reasoning on the basis of approximately defined classes and concepts in the form of words. Type-2 fuzzy sets have been used to provide an adequate modeling basis for words in a fuzzy logic context. In the context of type-2 fuzzy sets employed as part of CWW, a variety of research efforts have been made to investigate approaches to model the meaning of specific words using type-2 fuzzy sets. In this paper we start by focusing on the interpretation of classical set-theoretical operations (complement, union and intersection) for crisp and type-1 fuzzy sets. We proceed by extending the interpretations to the results of the union and intersection operations of interval type-2 fuzzy sets, specifically indicating their effect on the uncertainty representation in the sets. We note the impact of the choice of t-norms and t-conorms in particular in the context of CWW applications where the interpretation of the resulting sets and its resemblance to the human intuitive meaning of the concept or word is essential. Finally, we provide the interpretation and reasoning behind the Multi Level Agreement (MLA) operation based on zSlices which was previously introduced and discuss the requirement for the selection of the right operations for the amalgamation of individual fuzzy sets and the potential for investigating this choice in particular in a CWW context.


It is now possible to describe—imperfectly, but in more than outline—the types of neurons by which the retina carries out its computations. This is the rough draft of a "neurome," a conscious effort to list all the tissue's neurons. Identifying the cell populations has led directly to a revised conception of the retina's input–output functions and of the fundamental elements from which visual perception is built.

The retina is the first substantially complex structure of the central nervous system for which such a more or less complete parts list is available (Fig. 1). The resulting picture, the work of a community of investigators worldwide, resulted in a paradigm shift. A retina once imagined as based around a 6- to 12-cell module was replaced by a retina of multiple parallel arrays, containing at least 60 functionally different cell types and decomposing the visual input into more than a dozen different representations. The multiplex structure raises fundamental questions about the events that must occur later, in the central visual system.

Figure 1.

The major cell populations of a generic mammalian retina, shown semi-schematically in section view. Mammalian retinas contain in excess of 60 distinct cell types, each carrying out a distinct, dedicated function. The populations of photoreceptor, horizontal, ...

Here, I will give a global view of the retina's cell populations, aimed, like the Proctor Lecture itself, at an audience of nonspecialist vision scientists. I will review how the cell populations were revealed and how they participate in the retina's functions. Along the way, I will point out some of the places where our concepts of the retina were overturned and comment on the next generation of questions.


SUMMARY This paper reports the ten years, follow up, of 30 patients with cleft lip and palate, in whom a fixed orthopedic appliance was inserted to treat maxillary collapse secondary to cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. The button form appliance was fixed to the palate by means of trans-mucosal staple formed nails. Patients were between one and two years when the plate was inserted; the average time it remained in their mouths was seven years five months. Before the appliance was inserted patients with fibrosis of lip and nose were treated with acrylic removable devices. Three cases in which the fixed device was unintentionally removed were discarded and 27 patients completed the treatment protocol. Results obtained in facial growth with reported treatment was adequate in 7 with osseous class I, favorable in 16 with osseous class II, and maxillary collapse persisted in four cases. Another finding in this group was the tridimensional remodeling of the alveolar border which favors alveolar grafting and periostioplasty. In conclusion, the button formed plate used in these patients is a successful, low cost treatment option, which does not require frequent clinical visits. There were no complications associated with the device.


Calcium (ion) batteries are promising next-generation energy storage systems, owing to their numerous benefits in terms of performance metrics, low-cost, mineral abundance, and economic sustainability. A central and critical area to the advancement of the technology is the development of suitable eletrolytes that allow for good salt solubility, ion mobility, electrochemical stability, and reversible redox activity. At this time, the study of different solvent-salt combinations is very limited. Here, we present a computational study on the coordination environment, solvation energetics, and diffusivity of calcium ions over a range of pertinent ionic liquids, cyclic and acylic alkyl carbonates, and specific alkyl nitriles and alkyl formamides, using the salts calcium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Ca(TFSI)2) and calcium perchlorate (Ca(ClO4)2). Key findings are that several solvents from different solvent classes present comparable solvation environments and mobilities. Ca(TFSI)2 is prefered over Ca(ClO4)2 owing to the former's mix coordination of Ca2+ to O and N atoms. Ionic liquids with alkyl sulfonate anions provide better coordation over TFSI, which leads to greater diffusivity. Binary organic mixtures (carbonates) provide the best solvation of Ca2+, however, single organic solvents also provide good solvation, such as EC, THF and DMF, as well as some acyclic carbonates. Ion pairing with the salt anion is always present, but can be mitigated through solvent selection, which also correlates to greater mobility; however, there are examples in which strong ion pairing is not significantly adverse to diffusivity. The solvent incorporate into the solvation structure with binary organic mixtures correlates well with the solvation capabilities of the individual solvents. Finally, we show that ionic liquids (specifically alkyl imidazole (cation) alkyl sulfonate (anion) ionic liquids) do not decompose when coordinating at a Ca metal interface, which indicates its promising stability. Overall, this study contributes further generalized understanding of the correlation between solvent and salt and the resultant Ca2+ complexes and Ca2+ mobility in a range of electrolytes, and reveals a range of possible solvents suitable for exploration in calcium (ion) batteries.


The invention discloses a quick route opening method used for an air interface; one method comprises the following steps: when a base station needs to send a data packet to a terminal, and the time of closing the routing between the base station and the terminal does not exceed a closing time threshold value, the base station sends a message for requesting to open the route to the terminal, and requests the terminal to open the route; and the other method comprises the following steps: when the base station recovers from overload and does not exceed an overload recovery time threshold value after refusing to a route opening request of the terminal due to overload, the base station sends the message for requesting to open the route to the terminal, and requests the terminal to open the route. In the technical proposal, when data to be sent to the terminal exists at a network side, the network side sends the data to the base station, and the base station can restore just released route when finding no route with the terminal, thus avoiding large delay caused by paging and improving the performance of a system. In addition, when recovering from the overload, the system can notify theterminal to establish the route in time.


In this paper, a geometrical method is presented to determine the pose (position and orientation) of a scanning laser vibrometer with respect to a structural coordinate system. Multiple registration points are simultaneously used to determine the pose in a least squares sense. The known information from each registration point is the structural coordinate and the corresponding scanning coordinate. Three steps are involved in the determination of the pose. The least squares method is applied to each of the three steps. The implementation of the geometrical method has been tested by simulated data and experimental data. The results have shown that this method and its implementation are correct and effective.


On the base of analysis about the actualities of economic and social development and potential problems in immigrant areas in the Sanjiangyuan regions,the source areas of the three major rivers——the Yangtze,Yellow and Lancang——in northwest China's Qinghai province,and using the emigrant experiences in other regions for reference,the suggestion which impulse urbanization was put forward for realizing the sustainable development in the immigrant areas.


The Drift Scale Heater Test (DST) is an integral part of the program of testing and studies being conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy to evaluate the suitability of Yucca Mountain, Nevada as a site of a deep geologic repository for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. The DST is a large-scale, in situ thermal test to be conducted over nearly a decade in the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain (Figure 1). The overall objective of the DST is to acquire a more indepth understanding of the physical processes that will occur in the rock surrounding the emplaced waste. There are four principal processes of concern: thermal, mechanical, hydrological, and chemical. These processes will be intensified because of the decay heat from the emplaced waste and their interaction or coupling. An understanding of these coupled processes is essential for the assessment of the long-term (over thousands of years) performance of the repository.


The following exhibitions will be open to the public in the Library of the Wellcome Institute (183 Euston Road, London NWl 2BP): 2 August to 1 October 1982 History of medical sciences in twentieth-century Britain (arranged by Julia Sheppard). 4 October to 31 December 1982Hebrew manuscripts (arranged by Nigel Allan). 3 January to 25 February 1983 Early twentieth-century amateur botanical paintings (arranged by Enid Slatter).


Aim and Objective: To find out the role of increased sexual activity in expulsion of distal ureteral stone size 5 to 10 mm in married male. Material & Method: The study was conducted in FJMU/SGRH Lahore. 60 Married male in age range of 20-45 years were included in the study. Diabetic and hypertensive patients were excluded. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups of 30 patients in each group. Patient in group A were advised to have sexual intercourse 3-4 times a week along with symptomatic treatment for 4 weeks. Patients in group B were advised not to have sexual activity or masturbation during the 4 weeks of study and given symptomatic treatment. alpha-blocker blocker were not used in either group. Informed consent was taken, ethical issues were taken into account. Telemedicine was utilized. Patients were instructed to pass the urine in a container, to record the stone expulsion day/week, number of pain attacks and number of analgesic injections required per week. Data regarding age, stone size, stone expulsion day/week and number of colicky attacks per week were recorded. Difference between two groups analyzed using chi-square test. P value less than 0.05 will be taken as significant. The patients whose symptoms worsened or who went into urosepsis were admitted on priority basis for ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Follow up done on weekly basis by history/examination, ultrasonography KUB, digital x-ray KUB and plain CT KUB. Results: Age range was 20-45 years in both groups. In group A stone size was 5-6.9 mm was in 14/30 patients (46.6%). 7-8.9 mm in 12/30 patients (40%) and 9-10 mm in 4/30 patients (13.3%). In group B stone size range 5-6.9 mm was in 13/30 patients (43.3%), 7-8.9 mm in 12/30 patients. (40%) in 9-10 mm in 5/30 patients (16.6%). In group A stone expulsion at the end of first two weeks was 76.6% and in 3 to 4th week it was 86.6%. in group B stone expulsion in first two weeks was 55% and 73.3% in 3rd to 4th week. In group A number of colicky attacks in first two weeks were 43.3% and in 3rd to 4th week were 23.3%. in group B number of colicky attacks in 1-2 weeks were 53.3 % and in 3 to 4 weeks were 30%. Conclusion: Married males, with distal ureteral stones (5-10mm), who practice sexual intercourse 3-4 times / week have increased stone expulsion and decreased frequency of ureteric colicks and the need for analgesia. Increased sexual activity has emerged as a new modality in MET, however further clinical trials are needed. Keywords: Ureterorenoscopy, Lithotripsy, Tamsulosin, alpha-Blocker, Nephroliathiasis, ESWL, Medical Expulsion Therapy (MET). PDEI-5


Anchor Yeast has launched South Africa's first vitamin D yeast, in tune with the international trend towards more nutritionally beneficial foods.


Unlike established packaged goods, decisions in the apparel industry involve a long lead time and high risk. Can any type of market research prove useful in reducing potential loss? An increasingly wider application of life style market segmentation techniques in packaged goods, such as soaps, foods, drugs, etc., have helped marketers in all major aspects of market planning and management.' Yet very few applications of market segmentation techniques have been made in apparel marketing, an area in which the long advance timing in product design and manufacturing decision, along with the unpredictability of fashion shifts, has generally discouraged such experimentation.


Quer por seu custo financeiro e em recursos hu- manos, quer pelo impacto que tem na sociedade, quer ainda pelas proprias caracteristicas do saber cientifico e This paper presents considerations on educational research in its various aspects. As an example, the study presents some results on the academic achievement in adolescence, which were derived from data collection at four bases: CAPES, ERIC, PsycINFO and SciELO. Regarding theses and dissertations, the base PsycINFO showed the largest number with 38 works. As for the media backers, journal articles predominated, and of these, 48.94% were theoretical; in ERIC and PsycINFO in SciELO, research reports were predominant, respectively, 92.59% and 67.50%. We found 204 references on adolescents' academic performance in PsycINFO; in ERIC 19, and no occurrence in SciELO. We came to the conclusion that there was a lack of research in the area. Suggestions for research are presented.


This article is a report of a low cost case study in a small primary school. The school has instituted several democratic procedures that involve pupils and staff in leadership activities such as reviewing policies and appointing staff. The study sheds light on Hargreaves (2001) capital theory of school improvement, indicating that a dimension should be added. It then examines the theories implicit in HMI (2002b) and finds that they ignore a major consequence and benefit of the citizenship education observed in the study. Finally, it is argued that if the re-culturing envisaged by Furman and Starratt (2002) was extended to include structural changes that placed value on pupils' insights and knowledge, even greater improvements in education would be available.


A sensor comprising an array of photosensitive pixels, each pixel includes at least one heterojunction phototransistor having a floating base having no contact, each phototransistor mesa including an active layer exposed on the side wall a type devices, heterojunction phototransistors, and at least one atomic layer depositing a high-k dielectric material, adjacent to the active layer exposed at least on the side wall, and passivating this, at least one including atomic layer.


In this paper I argue that there is an affinity between Reid and Husserl, or at least between Reid and what I shall call the 'Austrian' Husserl as opposed to the 'German' Husserl. The first is a realist, the scourge of psychologism, a sober and painstaking analyst of the various kinds of intentional experience, for whom such analysis is just an extension of ontology. The second is a radical idealist, closer to Fichte than to Kant. In describing the structures of 'transcendental' consciousness he takes himself to be describing the 'origin' of the world and everything in it, including himself as a psychophysical entity. He sees the history of philosophy as being determined by an inner telos, such that it culminates in his own transcendental phenomenology, of which he is the mere instrument.


In-planta transformation is an efficient, quick and tissue culture independent system for crop plants improvement. In-planta transformation is a useful system for those plants that lack tissue culture and regeneration system. Therefore, the direct in-planta methods are commonly used for the transformation of many important genes into these plant species. The two most common Agrobacterium mediated in-planta methods such as floral dip and vacuum infiltration have been successfully used by many researchers in both dicot and monocot plants. The main advantages of in-planta transformation are to produce large number of transgenic plants and accumulation of high concentration of total soluble protein in short time. The production of chimera plants and lack of stable transgene expression at T1 or after T1 stage are some of the problems to these methods that need further improvements. The present review mainly focuses on in-planta transformation protocols that were successfully used for many agronomical important crop plants and to describe the various advantages and disadvantages of in-planta transformation methods in different crop species.


Abstract:Mayo Clinic, rated as the best clinic/hospital system in the United States, provides a range of leisure opportunities for patients as part of their medical service delivery. Leisure services, provided by different units throughout the medical campus, is based on decreasing stress, thus helping patients having a more optimistic and heathier psychological experience when involved in medical treatment or diagnostic procedures. Cafeteria and quality-of-life programming are the two leisure programming approaches most evident at Mayo Clinic (Rochester) and can be duplicated in other clinic/hospital settings.


This book explores the relationship between a jury's "not guilty" verdict and actual innocence – e.g. whether the defendant actually committed the crime for which she had been tried. Analyzing extensive data from approximately four hundred felony trials, we conclude that there are significant differences between those cases in which juries acquit and those in which they convict, and that the factors that distinguish these outcomes are consistent with the proposition that actual innocence may provide the most likely explanation for most acquittals.


By using the property of Riemann integral and Lebesgue integral,Green formula was extended to the plane close region which is surrounded by infinite countable smooth curve or piecewise smooth curve.It is a generalization to Green formula.


In patients with histories of symptomatic occlusive vascular disease, aspirin's ability to prevent future adverse cardiovascular events significantly outweighs its association with elevated risks for major bleeding. However, use of aspirin for primary prevention of occlusive vascular disease remains controversial; prospective trials and meta-analyses have shown no overall net benefit for …


Diphenylphosphinothioyl(Ppt)-amino acids were prepared under the Schotten-Baumann conditions by use of diphenylphosphinothioyl chloride (Ppt–Cl). Ppt group is cleaved about 4 times faster than t-butyloxycarbonyl group. Ppt causes no steric hindrance and no racemization.


Along with the development of the electronics technique and the big power fast switch electronics component,the inverter technique is lead to the welding field.This article has given a brief account of the principle of spot welding inverter was simulated and analysed with the most popular simulation software-PSPICE.The parameters of circuit were designed.It decreased the costs and improved the efficiency.


There is a tremendous uptake of smartphones and other mobile devices that has made mobile apps more popular. Many of these mobile apps are network enabled and can transfer or receive data to/from the network through the signaling process. Mobile and cellular networks are experiencing increased signaling traffic majorly caused by apps running on mobile devices attached to these networks. The signaling traffic is outpacing mobile data traffic by 30-50% and if not handled appropriately, it can have adverse effects on the cellular networks by straining them. Also, the excessive signaling can flood the network causing congestion that may render the network unavailable, or even make it open and vulnerable to attacks. Consequently, operators are forced to deal with the susceptibility of network outages resulting from the excessive signaling. Even though attempts have been made by the industry players to either reduce or handle the volume of signaling traffic, the problem still persists and is growing as more data-enabled mobile devices are released into the market. In this paper, we propose the helper node concept; a device in the Middle Model (DMM) to reduce the signaling traffic volume reaching cellular networks. The model uses helper nodes to service less critical traffic based on classification by network operators. The simulation results for the DMM model show that through the helper nodes servicing other nodes in the network and acting in the relay process, the eventual volume of traffic reaching the core networks is reduced. This model is cost effective in terms of implementation as opposed to introducing new radio network transceivers. However, continuous optimization of cellular network is recommended among other strategies to constantly monitor the volume of signaling traffic in cellular networks.


We have been for some time engaged in collecting materials for a series of papers upon this subject, which are intended to embrace a general history of music in this country, from the settlement of Plymouth to the present time. Most of the facts which will be required to render our account complete must be derived from local records, and the communications of individuals, in different parts of the United States, who have given the subject consideration ..1


Background
During epileptic seizures, a series of injury caused by the fall event as a result of muscle spasms has always been the therapeutic difficulty in clinical practice.From the perspective of orthopaedic doctor, the instability of shoulder joint caused by fall damage is the focus of our attention.It has been reported in literature that the incidence of shoulder dislocation caused by seizures is approximately 0.6%.Considering that a large number of patientsare missed, we believe that the actual incidence rate is much higher than this value.It has been previously thought that the posterior shoulder dislocation caused by strong muscle contraction in the patient with epilepsy is more common. However, the truth is that the proportion of patient with anterior shoulder dislocation is not low, and it is even reported that the incidence rates of anterior and posterior shoulder dislocationsare 50% and 50% respectively. Currently, there are many surgical methods for the treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation including soft tissue repair surgery and bone repair surgery. Among them, the Latarjet procedure in bone repair surgery is the most widely applied technique.Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of modified arthroscopic double-Endobutton Latarjet procedure for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in epileptics.

Methods
From October 2014 to October 2016,a total of 9 epileptics (9 shoulder joints) suffered from anterior shoulder dislocation with severe bone defect received the modified arthroscopic double-Endobutton Latarjet procedure in our hospital. The mean age was (26.3±3.1) years old. All patients received anti-epileptic treatment for over half of a year before surgery, and the anti-epileptic treatment was continued for 1 year after operation.Immediate postoperative CT scan was performed to detect bone graft position.Then,CT scan was performed at the 3rd , 6th, 12th, and 24th months to evaluate the status ofbone graft absorption and union. The ASES score, Rowe score and Walch-Duplay score were recorded during each follow-up to assess patients' shoulder function.

Results
Eight patients were followed up for anaverage of (20.1±4.2) months, while 1 patient ofright shoulder was lostfor follow-up.Three patients had recurrent epilepsy 2 months, 6 months and 8 months after operation respectively due to absence of taking medicine.Among them,1 case was lost for follow-up atthe 6th postoperative month, and the remaining 2 patients with recurrence showed a significant displacement of bone graft and then healed again after conservative treatment. A total of 7 patients received complete follow-up, and the bone grafts healedduring the last followup. Six patients returned to competitive exercise, and 2 patients returned to normal life without complaint of shoulder joint instability.The CT scans showed significant difference of bone graft plasticity. The bone absorption rate in 4 cases was between 5% and 75%. Three cases had the area expanded compared to the original state, and 1 case had no obvious change.Before operation and during the last followup: the mean ASES scoreswere (76.75±7.41) points and (94.68±5.02) points respectively (P<0.05) ;the mean Rowe scores were (43.75±5.82) points and (93.13±5.30) points respectively (P<0.05) ; the mean Walch-Duplay scores were (76.13±6.98) points and (93.00±2.00) points respectively (P<0.05) .

Conclusion
The modified arthroscopic double-Endobutton Latarjet procedure has a good short-term clinical effect on epileptics with anterior shoulder dislocation, and this technique has the potential of reunion after recurrence.The patient satisfaction is high, and this technique is worth of promotion and application.However, we should pay more attention to the postoperative control of epileptic seizure and the prevention of epilepsy recurrence to avoidoperation failure and recurrent shoulder dislocation.

Key words:
Latarjet procedure; Shoulder arthroscopy; Epilepsy; Anterior shoulder dislocation


Wearing a tight-fitting, difficult-to-breathe-through mask and a steamed-up visor as part of our personal protective equipment, together with the constant fear of catching this life-threatening infection, can induce a feeling of anxiety in the sanest of individuals. According to my psychiatrist colleagues, this stress is causing some normally anxious medical and nursing staff to become psychotic. Fortunately, there is reasonable evidence that acupuncture might be of some help. Pilkington and colleagues and Errington–Evans have each reviewed published trials on acupuncture for anxiety, finding positive results in most trials, although neither review could draw firm conclusions due to low methodological research quality of the studies concerned. Formerly, in my pain-clinic practice, I found that most of my patients had an element of anxiety related to constant pain, poor sleeping, fear of incapacity and job loss. After a session or two of acupuncture most of these patients would report feeling calmer, with reduction in anxiety and improved sleep patterns, even if their chronic pain had shown little change in intensity—they just did not worry about that pain so much. I had treated most patients with electroacupuncture (EA) in dense–disperse mode at frequencies of 2/100 Hz. So, the calming effect was probably due to endogenous opioid and serotonin boost from the EA. For those anxious patients in my pain clinic with whom I was not otherwise using EA stimulation, I would add the EA at LI 4 and LI 11. This seemed to be effective. However, after discussion at a national acupuncture symposium, I was persuaded to try the Four Wise Men, Sishencong. To my surprise, patients claimed enhanced benefit and would insist on my using it with every treatment, as they found the improved sleep, and the antianxiety and antistress effects so good that their quality of life (QoL) seemed improved as a result. Occasionally, this was quite dramatic.


Thank you very much for reading lectures on the origin and growth of religion as illustrated by the religion of the ancient hebrews. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this lectures on the origin and growth of religion as illustrated by the religion of the ancient hebrews, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their computer.