In the 1960s, the New York Botanical Garden launched an ambitious project to create an illustrated flora of the vascular plants of the Intermountain region of the western U. S. A. modeled after the multi-volume Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest (1955–1969). The area to be covered extended from southeastern Oregon to western Wyoming, southern Nevada, and northern Arizona and included the Great Basin, Snake River Plain, Wasatch Mountains, and Colorado Plateau. The only previous flora of the region was Ivar Tidestrom's 1925 Flora of Utah and Nevada which was well out of date and long out of print. Interest in the Intermountain area has always been keen due to the large number of endemic taxa, particularly in the Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and Onagraceae, and genera such as Eriogonum, Penstemon, Phacelia, and Cryptantha. The first volume in the series appeared in 1972 and included an overview of the vegetation, geology, phytogeography, and botanical history of the Intermountain region, as well as keys and species descriptions for the gymnosperms, lycophytes, and ferns. Each species was illustrated by a set of line drawings highlighting the growth form and pertinent leaf or reproductive structures. Additional features included a list of synonyms and type specimens, references, and supplemental information on habitat, range, taxonomic problems, and interesting facts on cultivation or life history. The original authors were Arthur Cronquist, Arthur and Noel Holmgren, and James Reveal. In later years, Patricia Kern Holmgren became a coauthor. Rupert Barneby authored the volume devoted to the Fabales in 1989 and other specialists (such as Richard Spellenberg, Daniel Atha, Donald Pinkava, Wendy Hodgson, Andrew Salywon, Marc Baker, Charles Butterworth, and Robert Dorn) have contributed treatments of selected genera or families. Four decades after the first volume appeared, the eighth and final installment of the Intermountain Flora was published in 2012. Volume Two Part A (the series was originally slated for 6 volumes and was not issued in chronological order) covers 611 species, 147 genera, and 31 vascular plant families in the subclasses Magnoliidae, Hamamelidae, and Caryophyllidae of Cronquist's 1981 Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Some of the larger or more ecologically significant families in this volume include the Ranunculaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Polygonaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Cactaceae. Over one hundred recent name changes or revisions in rank have been incorporated, and 34 typifications were published in this volume, mostly addressing problems in Polygonaceae and Cactaceae. As with earlier volumes, each species is illustrated by a high quality original line drawing. Many of the species of Caryophyllales have not previously been illustrated in national or regional floras. The organization of families in volume 2A does not quite follow the current classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III). When the Intermountain Flora series began forty years ago, the authors adopted Cronquist's then-new classification system recognizing 11 subclasses of Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida. In recent volumes, the authors have attempted to use APG III concepts when possible, such as segregating Sarcobataceae from Chenopodiaceae and splitting Montiaceae and Portulacaceae. In other instances, the authors maintain an older family (such as Chenopodiaceae separate from Amaranthaceae) but provide a detailed rationale for the decision or discuss differences among contemporary classifications in the introduction to each family. Fortunately, most of the families and orders covered in volume 2A are still recognized as natural groups by APG III. The biggest exception is the Fagales, now considered part of the eurosid I clade rather than Cronquist's somewhat unnatural Hamamelidae. It should be remembered that the primary intent of the Flora is to aid in identification of the plant taxa of western North America. Other references are available to define modern taxonomic relationships, which undoubtedly will continue to be modified in the years to come. The Intermountain Flora may be too large to take into the field (although hopefully a single-volume manual will be produced akin to the Hitchcock and Cronquist's 1973 Flora of the Pacific Northwest), but it is a model of what the ideal regional flora should include: thorough descriptions, userfriendly keys, and outstanding illustrations. Following the death of Arthur Cronquist and Arthur Holmgren in 1992, Noel and Pat Holmgren steered the final four volumes of the Flora to completion. For their efforts the Holmgrens were recently honored by ASPT with the Asa Gray award. Noel and Pat are currently working on a supplement to the Intermountain Flora (expected in 2013) which will include a key to all of the families, a cumulative index, and brief summary of the flora project. Then it will be off to new projects, or perhaps a well-deserved rest after more than forty years of research on the flora of the Intermountain west.


After a long siege, the army of Sultan Mahomet II occupied Constantinople on May 29, 1453. Knowledge of the event caused great consternation not only in Rome but also throughout the whole of Christendom. On September 30, 1453, Pope Nicholas V published a bull exhorting all Christian rulers to take up arms against the enemies of Christ. In most European countries, however, his plea fell on deaf ears. On the night of March 24-25, 1455, Nicholas died. The cardinals elected his successor, the Spaniard Alonso de Borj a, on April 8. Calling himself Callistus III, the new pope was well aware of the danger the advancing Turks posed for Christendom and did everything in his power to stop it. On May 15 he published a solemn bull renewing and strengthening his predecessor's appeal; he granted indulgences to all those willing to participate in a crusade against the Turks. In a breve dated July 20, 1455 (letter 558), the pontiff charged John Capistran with the proclamation of the crusade; Capistran did so with his usual zeal. In fact, as soon as he had heard of the fall of Constantinople, he began to preach the crusade against the Turks without specific authorization, giving his support to similar efforts of Enea Sylvio Piccolomini. Hungary stood in most immediate danger of Turkish invasion. Ladislaus V, king of Hungary; John Hunyadi, the former regent and captain general of Hungary; Denis Szécsi, cardinal archbishop of Esztergom; and other Hungarian magnates insistently implored


Multiphase Mo-Si-B alloys are potential candidates for applications in the aerospace and power generation industry due to their enhanced creep and oxidation resistance at ultra-high temperatures. It is documented that the microstructure and the resulting properties of Mo-based alloys are heavily influenced by their fabrication procedure. In this study we investigate different multiphase Mo-Si-B alloys processed by zone melting (ZM) starting from cold pressed elemental powders. Microstructural characterization of zone melted alloys based on SEM investigations shows elongated arrangements of phases parallel to the growing direction as well as homogeneously distributed phases in the cross-section for some of the alloys investigated. First compression creep tests were performed at about 1100°C. In comparison to the creep resistance of powder metallurgically (PM) processed alloys the behaviour of ZM materials was found to be substantially improved. Hence, targeted application temperatures of around 1200°C to 1300°C may become feasible. Furthermore, the oxidation behaviour was found to be influenced by the volume fraction of the Mo solid solution phase since the volatilization of the Mo solid solution phase leads to a mass loss of the compound.


Hydropower regulation of rivers exhibits a threat to the riverine ecosystems. Fragmentation of flow, landscape disturbances, and water retention are key features of regulated catchments, resulting ...


ABSTRACT In sparse Abies mariesii forests with an undergrowth of dense dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) in subalpine areas of snowy mountains in northern Honshu, Japan, A. mariesii saplings are more abundant in Sasa-lacking patches under the crowns of A. mariesii canopy trees than in outside-crown areas densely covered with Sasa. To discuss the mechanism of such under-crown-biased regeneration, we examined the underlayer light conditions, population structure, seed dispersal, and the survival and growth of seedlings and saplings in four habitats with different canopy and undergrowth conditions, i.e. under-crown lacking Sasa (UCLS), under-crown with Sasa (UCWS), outside-crown lacking Sasa (OCLS), and outside-crown with Sasa (OCWS). Sapling banks were observed in all four habitats. The light condition in the UCLS was almost equivalent to or inferior to that in the OCWS. The survivorship of seedlings and saplings did not differ among the habitats. The increment of sapling trunk length in the UCLS was equivalent to that in the OCWS. These results indicate that the presence of A. mariesii canopy trees did not significantly improve the light condition, survival, or growth of A. mariesii seedlings and saplings. Instead, abundant seed supply under the crowns contributed to higher population densities and under-crown-biased regeneration. The existence of a sapling bank in the OCWS suggests the possibility of successful A. mariesii regeneration in this habitat even without the simultaneous death of Sasa. The dynamics of sparse A. mariesii forest may progress through shifting of the canopy and undergrowth conditions (e.g. UCLS to OCWS via OCLS).


Inseveral animal viruses, enhancers have beenimplicated inbothDNAreplication andtranscriptional activation. Thelinkage ofthetwomechanisms appears inti- mate, inthat commonDNAbinding factors canbeshared. The immunoglobulin heavychain (Igh) intronic (heavy chain join- ingregion (JH-A chain constant region (C,u)) enhancer (E,u) isrequired fortissue-specific transcription ofIghgenes andis essential forsomatic recombination ofdiversity (D)andJ segments. Weshowherethat E,uislocated atornearanorigin ofchromosomal DNAreplication, whichismoreactive inB lymphocytes thanfibroblasts. EMdoesnotfulfill twocriteria demonstrated forsomeceflular origins. E,ucaninitiate butnot maintain autonomous replicating activity inB cells. EMAis unable toimpart early replication timing toa transfected VDJ-C,L Ighlocus inB cells. Instead wepropose thatE,M- associated oriactivity contributes totissue-specific Ighexpres- sionthrough local effects onchromatin structure leading to subsequent accessibility oftranscription and/or recombina- tion factors fortheenhancer. Geneexpression ineukaryotic cells iscontrolled bytrans- acting factors andcis-acting transcriptional elements. Some transcription factors havebeenshowntoactivate DNA


The need for supporting the classification and semantic annotation of services constitutes an important challenge for service-centric software engineering. Late-binding and, in general, service matching approaches, require services to be semantically annotated. Such a semantic annotation may require, in turn, to be made in agreement to a specific ontology. Also, a service description needs to properly relate with other similar services. This paper proposes an approach to i) automatically classify services to specific domains and ii) identify key concepts inside service textual documentation, and builds a lattice of relationships between service annotations. Support vector machines and formal concept analysis have been used to perform the two tasks. Results obtained classifying a set of Web services show that the approach can provide useful insights in both service publication and service retrieval phases.


This paper describes an efficient Programmable Logic Device (PLD) implementation of the Second-order Extended Physical Addressing, connecting the microprocessor-based systems and the external peripherals. This addressing technique, based on the use of software/hardware systems and reduced physical addresses, enlarges the interfacing capacity of the microprocessor-based systems. The input of our system hardware part will be connected to the system bus. The output, which is a new bus, will be connected to an external device. To accomplish the bus communication, the hardware part realizes a conversion of system bus data into new bus addresses. Furthermore, the software part ensures the transfer, with distinct addresses, of the simple data and the data that is intended to be converted. The use of this system with three system addresses and N bit data bus gives a new bus with N bit data bus and 2 2N physical addressing capacity.


The cyclic oxidation behavior of a single crystal Ni‐based superalloy TMS‐82+ was studied at 800 and 900 °C for 200 h in water vapor (air plus 15% H2O). Regardless of the exposure temperature, time‐dependence of the growth rate of the scale for the superalloy was fitted by a subparabolic relationship. The oxidation rate was enhanced with increase in exposure temperature, which was evidenced by a higher mass gain and thicker scale. The oxides on the specimen at 800 °C consisted of (Ni,Co)O, CrTaO4, AlTaO4, Cr2O3, and θ‐Al2O3, whereas for the specimen exposed at 900 °C, spinels of NiCr2O4 and (Ni,Co)Al2O4 as well as α‐Al2O3 were observed. An innermost dense α‐Al2O3 layer was responsible for a stable growth rate of the scale after the initial rapid oxidation.


An all solid-state and roll-shape Ag/Ag Cl electrode for detecting chloride ions in concrete was prepared by electrochemical oxidation of high purity(99.99%) silver foil. Electrochemical measurement results indicate that in comparison with the conventional powder moulding Ag/Ag Cl electrode, the novel chloride ion selective electrode has a larger exchange current density, higher specific surface area and lower temperature coefficient; by means of the electrode a better linearity is revealed of the potential response slope(-58.2 m V) versus Cl-concentration in an artificial pore solution of concrete, which is close to the theoretical value; besides, the novel electrode also exhibits a rather stable potential for a period of 230 d with fluctuations less than 4 m V. The experimental results in concrete shows that the performance of the all solid-state and roll-shape electrode, such as its linearity of potential response to lg[Cl-] and anti- interfere capability can significantly be improved by wrapping the electrode with a thin film of polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte. The mor-phology observation reveals that the novel Ag/Ag Cl electrode has a higher active surface area,which may be beneficial to the stability and the sensitivity of ion selection. In addition, the close stacked and layer by layer structure of the all solid-state and roll-shape Ag Cl/Ag electrode also enhances the adhesion of Ag Cl particulates to the Ag foil, which further improves its reliability on chloride detection and its service life in concrete.


Late Gadolinium Enhanced (LGE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a new emerging non-invasive technique which might be employed for the non-invasive quantification of left atrium (LA) myocardial fibrotic tissue in patients affected by atrial fibrillation. Nowadays, the analysis of LGE MRI relies on manual tracing of LA boundaries. An automated LA segmentation approach for the quantification of scar tissue would be highly desirable. This study focuses on the design of a fully automated LGE MRI segmentation pipeline which includes a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the successful architecture U-Net. The CNN was trained with the data available from the Statistical Atlases and Computational Modelling of the Heart 2018 Atrial Segmentation Challenge (100 cardiac data) with two different approaches: using both stacks of 2-D axial slices and using 3-D data. Mean Dice coefficients on the test set were 0.896 and 0.914 by using the 2-D and 3-D approaches, respectively. Contour accuracy was highly variable along the LA longitudinal axis showing poorest results in correspondence of the pulmonary veins. These results suggest that, despite the increase of the number of trainable parameters, the proposed 3-D CNN learns better features leading to higher performance, feasible for a real clinical application.


Disclosed is a network water army group identifying method and system. The method comprises obtaining irritable response data of multiple network groups; according to the irritable response data, marking out suspicious network water army group samples; according to the suspicious network water army group samples and existing network water arm group samples, determining the irritable response characteristics of network water army groups; according to the irritable response characteristics of the network water army groups, establishing network water army group active identification models; identifying the network water army groups inside the multiple network groups through the network water army group active identification models. The network water army group identifying method and system solves the technical problem that traditional network water army identifying method cannot identify network water armies before the network water armies cause harm, achieves active identification on the network water armies and avoids the harm caused by the network water armies. Besides, by categorizing network users with identical or similar behavioral characteristics into one network group, the network water arm identification accuracy can be enhanced.


Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to a set of geochemical data composed of 634 stream sediment samples, minus 80 mesh fraction, collected in a semiarid area of about 3,000 km2 in the center northern part of Bahia State, Brazil, and analyzed by optical emission spectrograph and atomic absorption spectrography. A hierarchical cluster analysis was applied in search for statistical associations of elements. Principal Component Analysis was also used so as to not only recognize the associations of elements in the data set but also for generating the scores to be plotted on a geochemical map. Part of the results was to make apparent in the map the relationship between factors carrying high loadings of some elements and geological features such as lithologies and sets of fault lines.


Objective: To analyse selected malocclusion risk factors, their exposure time and overall malocclusion risk scores. Material and Methods: The self-prepared questionnaires were collected at dental practitioners' waiting rooms from 6/2014 to 12/2015. The study group consisted of patients treated by dental braces (n=82; 15.5±4.4 years) and the control group consisted of other patients not treated by dental braces (n=45; 17.6±4.7 years). Data were processed by the statistical program SPSS using descriptive statistics. To verify the hypothesis wad used two sample t-test to compare the average exposure scores and the exposure time between the two groups. To determine associations between categorical variables was used Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: Our results confirmed longer exposure times in all studied malocclusion risk factors, in the case of pacifier sucking the difference was significant (p=0.001). The longest exposure time was found in mouth breathing in the study group (12.2±6.5 years). The lip sucking/chewing cannot be confirmed as a malocclusion risk factor. The study group had higher level of an overall mean risk score (19.8±11.5) compared the control group (16.1±12.1), although not significant. It can be concluded that non-nutritive sucking habits and/or mouth breathing could have damaging effect to normal teeth development. Conclusion: Malocclusions could be preventable, thus we recommend setting up educational programs for dentists and paediatricians as well as for parents focusing on the improvement of oral health knowledge.


This study was conducted to assess the growth performance and carcass traits of kids rared and fattened under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems in the Yayladagi County of Hatay Province. Thirty-nine male kids of the local Kilis goats constituted the material of the study. The kids were put on trial at the mean age of 138 days for a period of 170 days. Mean initial weights, final weights and daily gains for the intensively, semi intensively and exten- sively managed groups were 19.2 kg, 42.1 kg and 134.8 g; 17.8 kg, 37.5 kg and 115.8 g; 16.3 kg, 21.3 kg and 29.5 g, respectively. Mean feed conversion ratios were found to be 5.23 and 4.65 for the intensive and semi-intensive groups. Mean dressing percentages were 47.6 and 43.5 % for the same groups. The intensive fattening system was found to be superior with respect to the growth and carcass traits of Kilis goats of the Yayladagi County.


During endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), snare resection is preferred for all portions of lateral spreading tumors. When very flat tissue cannot be


Calcium channel blockers are the drugs with the highest poisoning-related mortality. The most commonly seen finding in verapamil intoxication is hypotension, with other frequently encountered findings being bradycardia and atrioventricular block. It may also lead to potentially fatal complications such as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting are uncommon. This report describes a case brought to the emergency department with abdominal pain, in which cholecystitis was determined following tests performed when hypotension and bradycardia could not be explained, and in which it was learned that the patient had taken a high dose of verapamil with the aim of committing suicide.Cholecystitis as a result of verapamil intoxication has never previously been reported in the literature.


Technologies increasingly inhabit evermore mundane and personal settings, a fact that has caused some designers to reflect upon the emergent, inaccessible nature of context. We present the notion of processlessness as a design value. The examples given here are intended to provoke thought about current design priorities and practices, and spur design discourse regarding the issue of context. Two cases illustrate how the absence of process in mediating artifacts can make room for users to discover, construct, and reconfigure context through and around their technologies. This argument is related to the notion of Zensign, that what we omit from technology designs is as important as what we put in; by adding features to computational systems, designers might be removing interactional possibilities.


Private as well as commercial music collections keep growing and growing. The increasing number of songs in these repositories pose serious challenges to users. PlaySOM and PocketSOM provide map-based access to large audio collections. They provide a quick overview of the whole collection as well as an in-depth view on specific music styles. Furthermore they support the user while exploring and navigating through the collection and provide quick and intuitive playlist creation. But yet, Music Maps have not revealed their full strength. There are still several issues to be solved, such as the continuing growth of collection or multiuser playlist generation. Questions related to these and other issues will be identified and outlined in this paper.


Abstract The genus Gobionellus and its six included species are diagnosed and redescribed. All species share a unique cephalic lateralis canal structure, which extends from the tip of the snout to above the rear margin of the operculum with an A'BCDFHKL' pore pattern; a vertical row of sensory papillae on the rear field of the operculum and transverse suborbital rows; and a blunt, distally flared fourth neural spine that is spatulate in five of the six species. Three species are found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Gobionellus daguae is known only from the lower portions of rivers in Panama and Colombia. Gobionellus liolepis has been collected in tidepools and on beaches along the coast of Panama, in the Miraflores locks, and over mud habitats up to 20 m deep off El Salvador. The third eastern Pacific species, Gobionellus microdon, is widespread in estuaries and in some fresh waters from Mexico to Ecuador. Gobionellus mystax is a junior synonym of this species. Two species are recognized from the western Atlantic Ocean. Gobionellus oceanicus is found in estuaries and inshore coastal waters from New Jersey to southern Brazil. The other species, Gobionellus stomatus, is limited to Brazilian estuaries. Gobionellus occidentalis is the only member of the genus from western Africa, where it inhabits tropical estuaries and coastal waters. A key to the species is provided.


GLORIA T. EMEAGWALI (ed.), Women Pay the Price: structural adjustment in Africa and the Caribbean. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1995, 250 pp., £12.50, ISBN 0 86543 429 8 (paperback). MARGARET C. SNYDER and MARY TADESSE, African Women and Development: a history. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press; London: Zed Books, 1995, 239 pp., £00.00, ISBN 1 85649 299 0 (hard covers), £00.00, ISBN 1 85649 300 8 (paperback). DEBORAH FAHY BRYCESON (ed.), Women Wielding the Hoe: lessons from rural Africa for feminist theory and development practice. Oxford: Berg, 1995, 282 pp., £14.95, ISBN 1 85973 073 6 (paperback). SANDRA WALLMAN, Kampala Women Getting By: well-being in the time of AIDS. London: James Currey, 1996, 248 pp., £35.00, ISBN 0 8214 1159 4 (hard covers), £14.95, ISBN 0 85255 241 6 (paperback). MAGDALENA K. RWEBANGIRA, The Legal Status of Women and Poverty in Tanzania. Research Report 100, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1996, 58 pp., £5.95, ISBN 91 7106 391 9 (paperback).


This paper presents an analysis of an automated essay scoring (AES) system in two studies of live classroom use. First, in a study of 99 students in Texas, we show that automated scores do predict future performance on standardized tests, and that in-system activity can be included in a predictive model to further improve accuracy. Following that, the results of a five-school study in Maryland demonstrate moderate evidence that automated essay scoring is correlated with school-level improvement in ELA outcomes.


Wheat is one kind of major grain crops grown in China.Wheat germ,a major by-product from wheat-millingindustry,is a natural nutrition-rich source for human health.A variety of bioactive components such as glutathione,VE,areobserved in wheat germ.These components have antioxidant,anti-depression and anticancer functions.Cheese is one of themost versatile dairy products.Both of them have the nutritional value and health care function.In this paper,wheat germnutrition value and Cheese combination have been discussed.It is important background knowledge for further study anddevelopment of wheat germ Cheese.


Among the technologies options available to replace conventional vehicles, battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles appear to have the best chances. Therefore a comparative analysis related to such technologies strengths and weaknesses and the complex actions required for their market take-off has been carried out.


Firstly, The schoolars judgements criteria of the nomad nation's origin have not reached a broad consensus. We think the nomad nations form experienced three Stages. That is Pastoral tribes, Nomad tribes and Nomad nation. Secondly, We have not reached a broad consensus either on the theory of the nomad nation's form. We think the climate changes and human actives played the most directly role during the changes form agricultural tribes to pastoral tribes. Neverless, It's a result of multifactor that pastoral tribes developed form nomad tribes into nomad nations. Furthermore, there are disagreements in the findings of archaeology and research achievements on the time of origin of northern nomad nation and the relatedProblems. And the findings of archaeology can't concord with the ancient inscription. So, we can't reach an exact conclusion now.


The low-carbon economy which is based on low energy consumption,low pollution and low emission,is not only the necessary way for the development of world economic,but also the inherent requirements of the ecological theory of Marxism.Although,as the largest developing country,China is facing the difficult choices between rapid economic growth and transition to a low carbon economy,the certain strategy aim,key and orientation can be easily established by the ecological theory of Marxism.Therefore,concerning the fundamental and long-term development of China,it is an available way to explore Chinese characteristics of the low carbon economy road by the ecological theory of Marxism.


The Winterschmidtiidae are a family of over 140 species of fungivorous, saprophagous, predatory and/or parasitic mites in insect/vertebrate nests, in decaying organic matter, in soils and on plants worldwide. In this review, I provide a survey of the immature developmental time, adult longevity and lifespan of the Winterschmidtiidae as part of the series on the lifespans in the Acari. The complete life cycle in this family includes five immature stages (the egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and tritonymph) and adult male/female, with deutonymphs lost in some genera such as Czenspinskia and Oulenziella. Development or lifespan data have been reported for only three species (< 3%) of the Winterschmidtiidae, and the experimentally measured lifespans of one to two months most likely reflect those of the summer generation. Afrocalvolia nataliae has two generations per year: the summer generation, which has no deutonymph stage, is mainly devoted to feeding and reproduction and lasts for one month only; the winter generation, however, has a deutonymph stage to resist the cold conditions and lasts for as long as 11 months.


The influence of season on the plasma progesterone concentrations and morphometric values of corpus luteum and ovary was studied through ultrasonography in spring (n=10) and dry hot (n=10) seasons on alternate days during the estrous cycle regardless of estrous phases in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. The mean morphometric values of length and width of ovary and the diameter and area of corpus luteum were higher in spring than those in dry hot seasons. The plasma progesterone concentrations were determined by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) technique and influence of seasons was found significant (P


Aim:  Decision‐making about elderly patients is difficult due to the absence of clinical experience or evidence‐based results to develop optimal treatment plans. This study aims to determine the tolerability and impact of radiation therapy (RT) when delivered to patients aged >89 years.


We synthesized polyurethane elastomer containing acid groups. We measured the adhesion, grip, tensile strength and mechanical properties. Casting polyurethane elastomers were prepared with the contents of acid. The adhesive strength and the wet slip were increased. Also, the tensile strength and abrasion properties were increased. We measured the properties with different acid contents. Increasing the acid content, the mechanical properties were increased. But the mechanical properties were decreased above 0.20 wt% of acid content. The wet slip was increased and the contact angle was decreased as the acid content increased.


Using spectra of hyperspectral remote sensing imagery to identify and classify land cover has been a hot topic thanks for its high resolution spectrum. However, when the quantity of labeled samples is too small, the classification accuracy of hyperspectral data will be reduced greatly. Most classification algorithms take dimensional reduction strategy and require plentiful labeled samples in order to learn the classifier that could then recognize a specific material. But in most remote sensing situations labeling samples is a costly task and the valued information would be lost with dimensional reduction. Sparse representation as a fast and effective algorithm has the advantages that it can perform quite well with small labeled samples without dimensional reduction. Therefore, we proposed a new framework to construct a graph-based semi-supervised model to solve paucity problem of labeled samples and combine the k nearest neighbor (knn) graph to take the advantage of space features. In this new model, sparse representation is used to build the probability matrix by estimating if a pairwise pixels belonging to the same class, and this probability matrix is integrated into ℓ1norm graph to form a more discriminating graph called dℓ1graph. Then we combine this dℓ1graph with knn graph in proportion. The new graph can employ both spectral values and space information of hyperspectral data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal on the Indiana Pines hyperspectral data set and the results outperform state of the art.


The mission seems to be accomplished for an oral surgeon after a tooth has been extracted. In the speedy stream of dental medicine development, it looks like that the alveolar surgery has been becoming an antiquated branch belonging to no future. But by analyzing the hot points of modern dental technique and sustained exploration in preclinical and clinical researches, we strongly believe that we should find out a right direction and a right strategy for the development of alveolar surgery in the new circumstance of stomatology. The ultimate purpose of modern dentistry is the preservation and restoration of the teeth function and beauty, while alveolar ridge serves as a support for the teeth, just like the earth circumstance for the plants. Considering the effects of circumstance on the disease, and the effects of groundwork on the reconstruction, the advantages of the alveolar surgery could be established as a cross-point of dentistry and surgery. The oral surgeon could have the unique capacity in the combination of atraumatic surgical treatment and immediate dental reconstruction, and create a wide prospect for the subject. Tooth extraction should be the termination of a painful tooth; it should also be a start point of improved oral function.


In order to make the search engine transfer information efficiently and accurately and do this optimization to improve the web search ranking, beginning with understanding the principle of search engine, this paper exports the specific explanation of search engine optimization. And then it introduces the new website building concepts and design concepts for the purpose of the construction of search engine optimization. Through an empirical research from the fields of the internal coding method, the website content realizable form and website overall architecture, the paper expounds search engine optimization tools, strategies and methods, and analysis the new thought that the enterprise and e-commerce sites with the search engine do the effective website promotion. And when the user through the search engine to search, the website can get a good rankings position in the search results, so as to improve the site traffic and finally enhance the website sales ability or advocacy capacity.


In order to heighten the manipulative accuracy of the ruled engine,a new measurement system auto-collimating grating heterodyne interferometer was proposed.Based on the diffraction and polarization of grating and some theories of the electronics,the system was analyzed.After the benchmark grating was designed,and lots of experiments were carried out.Because the interferometer measurement system takes grating constant as the measurement standard,the effect of environment on measurement accuracy is reduced.Thanks to the auto-collimation diffraction,the structure is simple and steady,and easy to assemble and adjust.Moreover,using the dual-frequency,high gain and signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained.Using the interferometer system to control the ruled engine,the biased error for ruling span is less than 10nm,and the cumulative error is about 0.3μm within 3mm displacement.The results show that the resolution of the interferometer system is small to nm scale,and it can be used in the real-time measurement control system and that it achieves high accuracy that the special diffraction gratings such as echelon gratings request to a ruling engine completely.


A terrain matching algorithm has been developed for use in a passive aircraft navigation system. A sequence of aerial, optical images is matched to a reference digital map of the three-dimensional terrain. Stereo analysis of successive images results in the recovery of an elevation map of the observed terrain. A 'cliff map' is then used as a novel, compact representation of the terrain surface. The position and heading of the aircraft are determined via a terrain matching algorithm that locates the observed cliff map within the reference cliff map. Novel results using real terrain data and on implementation of a real stereo algorithm provide an important extension to previous results using simulated stereo.<<ETX>>


In consideration of fractional calculus and integral operator, some complex equations and/or inequalities specified by certain multivalently analytic functions in the unit open disk are first presented and then certain consequences in relation with analytic and geometric properties of certain multivalent functions are pointed out. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33, 33E12, 30C80, 26E35, 30C45.


This chapter sets out to explore the forms of medical practice that
arise from the application of therapeutic biotechnologies. The
purpose is to describe how the use of a neurosurgical technology,
Deep Brain Stimulation, for the treatment of neurological and
psychiatric disorders in a French hospital creates new configurations
of collective practices, by (re)aligning the objectives and practices
of a variety of actors, and by developing new entities in the course
of its experimental development.


are important in the Catholic Church at present. Many prominent Catholic theologians including Karl Rahner, Raymond Brown, Avery Dulles, Richard McBrien, et al., cover a wide range of topics in the light of developments since Vatican II. A final chapter contains extracts from the US bishops pastoral on Catholic Social Teaching. This is a useful book for anyone seeking contact with present day developments in Catholic theology.


HL‐60 human leukemia cells, differentiated into a neutrophil lineage by all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, express three members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, CEA‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1; CD66a), CEACAM3 (CD66d), and CEACAM6 (CD66c). CD66d is a neutrophil lineage‐specific marker, and CD66a and CD66c are found on epithelial and other cells. HL‐60 cells continuously treated with ATRA underwent apoptosis, and cells transiently treated for 1 day underwent cell‐cycle arrest, entered into senescence, and exhibited reduced apoptosis with CD66‐positive cells accounting for the majority of live cells. CD66 antigens were also induced in NB4 leukemic cells upon continuous treatment with ATRA. NB4 cells underwent apoptosis with a higher frequency in transient versus continuous‐treated cells (38% vs. 19% at Day 5), in contrast to HL‐60 cells that underwent cell‐cycle arrest and senescence when transiently treated with ATRA. CD66 antigens were not induced in transient, ATRA‐treated NB4 cells compared with HL‐60 cells. Cell‐cycle arrest in HL‐60 cells involved reduction in expression levels of p21, cyclins D and E, while Rb1 exhibited reduction in protein levels without changes in mRNA levels over the time course of ATRA treatment. Analysis of several proapoptotic proteins implicated the activation of calpain and cleavage of Bax in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, similar to published studies about the apoptosis of neutrophils. CD1d expression was also induced by ATRA in HL‐60 cells and ligation with anti‐CD1d antibody‐induced apoptosis. In contrast, CD1d‐positive primary monocytes were protected from spontaneous apoptosis by CD1d ligation. These studies demonstrate distinct cell fates for ATRA‐treated HL‐60 cells that provide new insights into ATRA‐induced cell differentiation.


In a classical PLL, the phase detector (PD) and charge pump (CP) noise is multiplied by N2, when referred to the VCO output, due to the divide-by-N in the feedback path. It often dominates the in-band phase noise and limits the achievable PLL jitter·power Figure-Of-Merit (FOM). A sub-sampling PLL uses a PD that sub-samples the high frequency VCO output with the reference clock. The PD and CP noise in this PLL is shown to be not multiplied by N2, and greatly attenuated by the high phase detection gain, leading to lower in-band phase noise and better PLL FOM. This article reviews the development of the PLL FOM, the sub-sampling PLL techniques and their applications in recent PLL architectures.


This technical report discusses the mathematical details and the implementation of the methods discussed in the accompanying paper [PZ06]. In particular a method to find a finite list of inequalities that certify Korkin–Zolotarev reducedness of a quadratic form is presented. Moreover a semidefinite programming relaxation of the space of KZ-reduced quadratic forms is described in detail, together with a branching strategy to optimize over this space. Finally the implementation of these methods is discussed, together with some hints on how to compile and use the programs. The two digital appendices, which can be obtained from the SPOR reports website†, contain an implementation of the methods discussed and numerical data that prove the theorems in [PZ06].


Text watermarking is one of the most effective methods for digital copyright protection. However, directly applying text watermarking to web documents will degrade the invisibleness and robustness of embedded watermarks. In this paper, we proposed a Dual Watermarking Scheme Based on Threshold Cryptography (DWTC) for Web Document to resolve the two problems. DWTC consists of watermark generation, embedding and detection process. Based on threshold cryptography, watermark generation process can enhance the robustness. To recover the embedded watermark only parts of watermark slices are needed. Watermarks are embedded in a given layer-based web document through vertically move the occupied layers, which guarantees watermark embedding cause no degradation on web display. Detection process can recover the lost watermark slice property by its next layer, which can further enhance the robustness of embedded watermark. Experimental results show that the DWTC effectively achieve both the invisibleness and robustness.


The direct relation between the shape of the wavefield and the source location can provide insights useful for velocity estimation and interpolation. As a result, I derive partial differential equations that relate changes in the wavefield shape to perturbations in the source location, especially along the Earth's surface. These partial differential equations have the same structure as the wave equation with a source function that depends on the background (original source) wavefield. The similarity in form implies that we can use familiar numerical methods to solve the perturbation equations, including finite difference and downward continuation. The solutions of the perturbation equations represent the coefficients of a Taylor's series type expansion for the wavefield. As a result, we can speed up the wavefield calculation as we can approximate the wavefield shape in the vicinity of the original source. The new formula introduces changes to the background wavefield only in the presence of lateral velocity variation or in general terms velocity variations in the perturbation direction. The accuracy of the representation, as demonstrated on the Marmousi model.


Here, for the first time, a monolithic wafer-level micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) waveguide switch for millimeter-wave application is presented. The switch is based on the monolithic integration of MEMS actuators (cantilever beams) inside the waveguide channel. The highly deflected beams are electrostatically actuated to provide on and off states. In the off state, the beams are pushing against the upper inner wall of the waveguide to provide a short circuit, while the actuators are rolled flat to allow for maximum signal propagation during the on state. The switch illustrates an excellent wideband RF performance, with an insertion loss as low as 0.2 dB in the on state, and isolation of better than 22 dB in the off state, for the entire 60-75 GHz frequency band. A low-loss waveguide to CPW transition is also designed and integrated with the switch, which exhibits less than 1.1 dB loss for a back-to-back configuration across the band, and enables the on-wafer characterization of the entire structure.


This Study has been carried out to study treatability of Fenton activated carbon catalytical oxidation for pharmaceutical waste water treatment. Pharmaceutical waste water containing high amount of organic content of non biodegradable nature , these substance are resistance to biodegradation because of low BOD/COD values. The conventional treatment may not be effective for removal of such pollutant. So, advanced oxidation processes can be a good choice for pharmaceutical waste water abetment. Of all the AOP's , the use of Fe for the degradation of organic compound in pharmaceutical industries effluent in pre-oxidation process has recently emerged as an active research area. In last decade the homogeneous Fenton process encountered major drawbacks even though receiving much attention with more emphasis on heterogeneous catalysts. FACCO as a treatment can be good option to increase biodegradability of pharmaceutical waste water.


This paper describes some of the rationale and implementation decisions for lxrun, an Intel Linux emulator, plus how to get, build, configure and run it; what some of the current and future development issues and enhancements are and the current status of the project. There is not much difference between the execution environment required by Linux binaries and binaries for other Intel UNIX platforms, the main one being the way in which system calls are handled. For example, in Linux an "int $0×80" instruction is used, which jumps to the system-call-handling portion of the Linux kernel. On SCO systems, "int $0×80" is an unused vector and therefore causes a general protection trap resulting in a SIGSEGV signal. Lxrun intercepts these signals and calls the SCO equivalent of the system call that the Linux program attempted. It also remaps some ioctls, flags, return values and error codes. Using lxrun, a Linux binary can be run on a non-Linux platform with little performance penalty. Lxrun can also take advantage of the lower overhead in some Linux libraries, occasionally resulting in improved performance over native binaries. No kernel modifications are necessary.


This article considers biographical and textual materials relating to the Victorian pederastic pedagogy of Walter Pater, an Oxford don, author, and aesthetic critic. Emphasis is placed on the ways that his novel "Marius the Epicurean" and essay "Winckelmann" serve to elucidate this merging of pederasty and pedagogy, as well as the influence of this merging on his former student and later friend Gerard Manley Hopkins, one of the premier Victorian poets, a poet whose "Epithalamion" provides the fullest Uranian encapsulation of Pater's elaborate and decadent pedagogy.


Methods: Here, we report preliminary data on the possible efficacy of tiagabine (Gabitril), which is a selective uptake inhibitor of the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) transporter GAT-1, in the treatment of recent- onset schizophrenia. Subjects were randomized to receive either tiagabine or placebo added on to their antipsychotic regimen. Results: Our data suggest that treatment with tiagabine during the early course of the illness can modulate PFC activation, as demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging during working memory, and improve negative symptoms. Discussion: Taken together, the proposed treatment strategy represents an effort to actively translate preclinical findings in SZ research into clinically testable hypotheses. This kind of translational approach, we believe, will ulti- mately lead to breakthrough in the treatment and possible prevention of SZ. Background: Oxidative stress, coupled with dysregulation of inflammation, NMDAR and dopamine, is involved in schizophrenia (SZ) pathophysiology. Earlier add-on clinical trials showed in chronic SZ patients that NAC, a pre-cursor of glutathione (GSH), an important cerebral antioxidant, improved negative symptoms, mismatch negativity and local synchronization. We hypoth-esized that NAC at an earlier stage of illness would have a greater impact. Methods: Early psychosis less illness, N=63; were with in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Outcome measures: PANSS and neurocognition (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; n=36); quantification of medial prefronfal cortex glutathione by 1H-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy, of white matter diffusion proper- ties estimated by generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) computed from diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), of blood cells GSH (GSHBC) and GSH peroxidase activity (GPxBC) at start and end of trial Results: While PANSS and positive were not by NAC, of processing GSHmPFC the 6-months the of in a sample of and the potential predictive role of peripheral biomarkers of redox dysregulation. The hypothesis that NAC would be beneficial to negative symptoms in EP was not confirmed in this small sample, most likely in rea-son of their very low level at baseline. The NAC induced GSHmPFC increase demonstrates its target engagement. NAC improved Processing Speed showing a therapeutic enhancement of cognitive functions. Most importantly, NAC improved fornix integrity, in association with brain GSH elevation, demon- strating for the first time that a redox regulator can enhance structural connec-tivity. Peripheral redox status allows identifying a subgroup of patients with improved positive symptoms. Future biomarker guided antioxidant interventions in larger EP samples should replicate these findings. Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of blonanserin treatment after switching from other atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenic inpatients who showed inadequate efficacy and poor tolerability. Methods: A total of 63 schizophrenic inpatients (inadequate response group=45 and poor tolerability group=18) were included in this study. They were already treated with atypical antipsychotics except blonanserin and not favored due to inadequate responses or intolerable adverse effects. Blonanserin was administered during 12 weeks after switching from their previous antispsychotics. Treatment response was evaluated with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and CGI-S, and safety profile were measured with Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Side effects Scale (SAR)S and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS). Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) and Subjective Well-being Under Neuroleptic Treatment (SWN) were used for subjective estimates. Assessments were done at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after blonanserin treatment. Repeated measures of ANOVA were done to analyze the group (inadequate vs. intolerable group) and time effects. Results: CGI and BPRS were showed significant treatment responses after switching to Blonaserin. effects were significant at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after switching and group by time effect were also significant at that changes of and were not significant throughout test trial. Although was significantly improved after switching to Blonaserin, not found significant group by time effect. The results suggest tolerable in schizophrenic who or tolerability. Background: Lumateperone (ITI-007) is a first-in-class investigational agent in development for the treatment of schizophrenia. Acting syner-gistically through serotonergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems, lumateperone represents a new approach to the treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Lumateperone is a potent antag- onist at 5-HT2A receptors and exhibits serotonin reuptake inhibition. Lumateperone also binds to dopamine D1 and D2 receptors acting as a mesolimbic/mesocortical dopamine phosphoprotein modulator (DPPM) with pre-synaptic partial agonism and post-synaptic antagonism at D2 receptors and as an indirect glutamatergic (GluN2B) phosphoprotein modulator with D1-dependent enhancement of both NMDA and AMPA currents via the mTOR protein pathway. Lumateperone demonstrated antipsychotic efficacy in two well-controlled clinical trials and was found to be well tolerated with a safety profile similar to placebo in all trials conducted to date. Methods: In an open-label safety study, 302 patients with schizophrenia were switched from standard-of-care (SOC) antipsychotic therapy to 6 weeks treatment with lumateperone (ITI-007 60 mg, equivalent to 42 mg active base) QPM with no dose titration, then switched back to SOC for 2 weeks. The primary objective was to determine the safety of lumateperone, assessed by adverse events, body weight, 12-lead electrocardiograms, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, motor assessments, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The secondary objectives were to determine the effectiveness of lumateperone to improve psychopathology as measured by the PANSS, social functioning as measured by the PANSS Pro-Social Factor and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and depres- Background: Cognitive remediation (CR) and physical exercise have sep- arately shown promising results in schizophrenia cognitive improvement, despite this, the impact on daily functionality is still limited. Physical exer- cise increases Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels, promot-ing neuronal and cognitive plasticity, which can maximize the impact of CR. We are conducting a randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy of an intensive program that combines CR and physical exercise on cognition and related outcomes for patients with schizophrenia. In addi-tion, we investigate functional and structural brain effects of this interven-tion and its association to BDNF. Methods: This study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial in which 74 patients are randomly assigned to either CR and physical exercise or CR and health promotion. The interventions are 12-week long and consist of three weekly sessions (90 min of CR and 40 min of either aerobic exercise or health promotion). To be included in the study, patients must be diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, aged 28–60 years, and do low physical activity, as measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ. Exclusion Criteria for participation in the study are the presence of neurological or substance use disorders, IQ < 70 and somatic illnesses that contraindicate physical exercise. Healthy control participants (n=18) are screened for the presence of lifetime Axis I psychotic disorders and for the presence of a first-degree relative with schizophrenia. Primary outcome measures are cognitive performance, functional outcome, negative symptoms, BDNF levels and neuroimaging measures. Secondary outcome measures are quality of life and metabolic parameters. All measures are blindly assessed at baseline, at 3 months follow up and at 15 months follow up. This trial was approved by the Comité Ètic d'Investigació Clínica de l'Hospital Mar Results: This poster is a study protocol. We will correct data


Owing to the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline electrolyte, it is considered a limiting reaction for the development of anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC...


Genetic Algorithms are implemented in search and optimization techniques that were developed based on ideas and techniques from genetic and evolutionary theory. Beginning with a random population of chromosomes, a genetic algorithm chooses parents from which to generate offspring using operations like selection, crossover and mutation. Here, comparisons of 5 crossover operators that are used in genetic algorithms are performed. In performance of a genetic algorithm, crossover operator has an invaluable role. It is necessary to understand the role of the crossover operator. The purpose of this project is to compare larger set of crossover operators on the same test functions and evaluate their efficiency. It also includes evaluation of statistical tests in order to study the performance of the crossover operator.


We present a new algorithm for stacking radio interferometric data in the uv-domain. The performance of uv-stacking is compared to the stacking of fully imaged data using simulated Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) deep extragalactic surveys. We find that image-and uv-stacking produce similar results, however, uv-stacking is typically the more robust method. An advantage of the uv-stacking algorithm is the availability of uv-data post-stacking, which makes it possible to identify and remove problematic baselines. For deep VLA surveys uv-stacking yields a signal-to-noise ratio that is up to 20 per cent higher than image-stacking. Furthermore, we have investigated stacking of resolved sources with a simulated VLA data set where 1.5 arcsec (10-12 kpc at z similar to 1-4) sources are stacked. We find that uv-stacking, where a model is fitted directly to the visibilities, significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of the size estimates. While scientific motivation for this work is studying faint, high-z galaxies, the algorithm analysed here would also be applicable in other fields of astronomy. Stacking of radio interferometric data is also expected to play a big role for future surveys with telescopes such as Low-Frequency Array and Square Kilometre Array.


You are a general urologist seeing a 48-yearold man with acute onset of severe right flank pain associated with nausea but no emesis; the patient reports no fevers. He otherwise has no significant comorbidities, has no known allergies, and takes no medications. On examination he is afebrile with otherwise normal vital signs, and reports increased pain when you apply pressure to his right costovertebral angle, but his abdomen is otherwise benign. His serum creatinine level is 0.9 mg/dL, and his white blood cell count is 10.5. Suspecting urinary lithiasis as the source of his symptoms, you recommend CT of his abdomen and pelvis. However, he is very concerned about the amount of radiation exposure from CT, and asks if there is another test that could be used which would involve less radiation.


Invasive alien species are the second cause ofbiodiversity loss on the planet. Additionally,globalization and climate change are favoring its entryinto areas that have not been humanized in the past, suchas the Ecuadorian Amazon. The cantonal capital of Puyohas numerous exotic plants already reported in other partsof the world as invaders, which here have been observedand identified to provide listings and information aboutwhich naturalized species in the future can becomeinvasive under the scenarios of climate change. , andalso propose among them four exotic species with thegreatest potential to behave as invasive with the currentclimate. The fieldwork was carried out in the periurbanenvironment of Puyo, identifying the specieswith herbarium samples, also through bibliographic andonline consultations, reporting numerous naturalizedexotic species that were organized hierarchically andselected for their attributes to be potential invaders orcurrent, identifying 15 naturalized exotic species withthe potential to be invasive under the climate changescenarios highlighting 4 plant species that are alreadyor can become in the future a serious problem forbiodiversity and the Ecuadorian Amazonian economy.With this work it is expected that the environmentalauthorities and the inhabitants become aware of theirpresence and apply measures for their early eradication.


vii 1. Some ideas in European welfare policies 1 2. Three forms of activation policies 2 2.1 Active labour market policy 2 2.2 Workfare 3 2.3 Welfare to work 4 3. Scandinavian welfare policy 5 4. Current workfare tendencies 6 4.1 Denmark 7 4.2 Sweden 9 4.3 Norway 11 5. New trends in the welfare policies 13 6. The workfare path: some normative challenges 14 6.1 The duty to work on second-rate terms 14 6.2 Sanction: withdrawal of safety-net 15 6.3 Justice and recognition 15 References 17


An advanced multiprogrammable stimuli generator for electrical stimulation is described. It offers a wide range of flexibility and can be used as a standard module for any programmable neuromuscular prosthesis. This stimuli generator is able to generate any type of waveforms and a very versatile stimulation pattern. If delivers balanced biphasic stimulations without using coupling capacitance The new stimulation algorithms for selective and orderly stimulation can be generated. The chip has been designed for structural testability by means of scan-based test approach and uses circuit techniques to reduce power dissipation.


Two feeding trials with broilers (1-31 days of age) were carried out to determine the effect of fortifying grain amaranth based diets with lysine, methionine, casein and ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) on broiler performance, amino acid availability, plasma amino acid concentrations and nitrogen and mineral retention. In Trial 1, lysine, lysine plus methionine and casein were separately included in six diets containing either 400 g/kg raw or 600 g/kg extruded amaranth. Additionally, one 400 g/kg raw and one 600 g/kg extruded amaranth diets were not fortified. The eight diets were compared to a maize-soyabean meal diet as the control. Chicks on the 600 g/kg extruded amaranth diet with casein gave similar body weights at 31 days of age to those on the control diet. Feed intake and nitrogen retention were similar in the control and the extruded amaranth diets. The availability of amino acids was the highest in the chicks on the control diet. The lack of response to lysine, or lysine and methionine inclusions indicated that these amino acids were not limiting to growth in amaranth diets. In Trial 2, three diets contained 400 g/kg raw amaranth, and another three, 400 g/kg extruded amaranth. Two diets in each group were fortified with either disodium EDTA or casein, while the third was unfortified. Casein inclusion resulted in higher body weights at 31 days of age, but did not affect the plasma concentration of essential amino acids. Dietary EDTA did not enhance mineral retention in the body or the concentration of minerals in plasma. It was evident from both trials that the fortification of amaranth diets with casein improved chick performance and the availability of some amino acids. South African Journal of Animal Science Vol.32(2) 2002: 144-153


The wide use of cooking oil has made it an item needed in large amounts. Unfortunately, economic reasons lead to unsafe practice of oil use. Most people reuse it repeatedly without any health consideration. This research investigated the use of activated carbon-based bio-adsorbents from pineapple dregs, bagasse, and coconut husk for reducing the free fatty acid number (FFA) of cooking oil. Study was conducted in the Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, State University of Jakarta from March to November 2017. The method used was randomised factorial design with particle size, source of bio-adsorbent, and immersion time variations. Percentage of FFA in oil was found to be 0.27%; however, after frying three times the lowest value found was 7.10%. Results also showed that 3 x 24 hours immersion with 236 micron for all bio-adsorbents had the best value for FFA number. The lowest FFA was with bagasse bio-adsorbent (0.24%), followed by coconut husk (0.28%), and pineapple dregs (0.34%). These results indicate that bagasse was the best bio-adsorbent in this research. The longest immersion time and the tiniest particles size were most effective. It can be concluded that immersion time, particles size, and bio-adsorbent type have an effect on reducing free fatty acid number in cooking oil.


In this research at the first Metoprolol drug and its fullerene derivative were optimized. Natural bond orbital (NBO), nuclear Indepndent chemical shift (NICS) and finally IR calculations, for these compounds were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G* quantum chemistry level. Different parameters such as energy levels, the amount of chemical shift in different atoms, the amount of HOMO/LUMO, chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η), Thermodynamic properties were determined. Metoprolol is the generic form of the brand-name drug Lopressor, prescribed to treat high blood pressure. In this study we used fullerenes, as nano drug carriers, and Fulleren drevatives of Metoprolol drug were studied. The data in Tables and graphs and shapes were compared and discussed.


In this introductory review, we give an overview of the computational chemistry methods commonly used in the field of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), to describe or predict the structures themselves and characterize their various properties, either at the quantum chemical level or through classical molecular simulation. We discuss the methods for the prediction of crystal structures, geometrical properties and large-scale screening of hypothetical MOFs, as well as their thermal and mechanical properties. A separate section deals with the simulation of adsorption of fluids and fluid mixtures in MOFs. eywords: © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. etal–organic framework


The invention relates to a method for cyclic carbamate hydrolysis using ionic liquid as the catalyst. The invention is characterized in that the hydrolytic reaction of the cyclic carbamate is carried out under mild conditions with low steam-to-carbamate ratio, normal pressure and low temperature. In the reaction, imidazole ionic liquid is used as the catalyst, and ideal hydrolytic effect can be yielded after reaction for 0-6 hours when the reaction pressure is 0-6.0MPa and the reaction temperature is 353.15-523.15K. The synthesizing method adopts ionic liquid as the catalyst of cyclic carbamate and proposes a new orientation for development of catalysts for cyclic carbamate hydrolysis.


A monotone seminorm p on a Riesz space L is called a Fatou if p(a")tp(«) holds for every u e L and sequence {u"} in L satisfying 0 < un\u. A monotone seminorm p on L is called strong Fatou if p(u )tp(u) holds for every u e L and directed system {«"} in L satisfying 0 < «"tu. In this paper we determine those Riesz spaces L which have the property that, for any monotone seminorm p on L, the largest strong Fatou seminorm p m majorized by p is of the form: Pm(/) = inf {sup"p(up): 0 <upt\f\} for /ei. We discuss, in a Riesz space L, the condition that a monotone seminorm p as well as its Lorentz seminorm p¿ is o-Fatou in terms of the order and relative uniform topologies on L. A parallel discussion is also given for outer measures on Boolean algebras. 1. Notation. It is convenient to first introduce some notation. Indices from a countable set will be denoted by m, n, k, •••, from an arbitrary set by k,v, p, •••. Let X be any partially ordered set. If xEX, and if a sequence {xn } in X satisfies xn\x, and if for each n a sequence {xnk: k = 1, 2, *••} satisfies xnk\kxn, then we will write jcnfctjcntx. If x E X, and if an upwards directed system {xv: v E \] } satisfies xv\x, and if for each vE\] an index set Kv and an upwards directed system [xK :kvEK"} satisfy xK tK eK x, then we will write x" t¡c"tx 2. Outer measures on Boolean algebras. A real function 0 on a Boolean algebra B is called a finitely additive measure if (i) 0 < 0(a) < °° for all aEB, (ii) 0(aVo) =0(a) + 0(A) whenever a, b EB and a, b are disjoint, (iii) 0(1) =£ 0. A finitely additive measure 0 on B is called countably additive if 0(V7a«) = ^T 0(a«) f°r every mutually disjoint countable subset {ax, a2, •••} of 5 such that VTM0« exists. A finitely additive measure 0 on B is called purely finitely additive if every countably additive measure 0' such that 0' < 0 is identically zero. In [11], K. Yosida and E. Hewitt proved that every Received by the editors March 20, 1971 and, in revised form, April 9, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 46A40.


Recent studies strongly suggest the possibility of more frequent extreme events as a result of the changing climate. These weather extremes, such as excessive rainfall, result in debris flow, river overflow and urban flooding, which can pose a substantial threat to the community. An effective flood model is therefore a crucial tool in flood disaster control and mitigation. A number of flood models have been established in recent years. However, the major challenge in developing effective and accurate flood models is the disadvantage of running multiple models for separate, individual conditions. Among the solutions in recent research is the development of combined 1D–2D flood modeling. Coupled 1D–2D flood modeling allows the channel flows to be represented in 1D and the overbank flow to be modeled in 2D. In order to test the efficiency of the approach, this research aims to assess the capability of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model's implementation of the combined 1D–2D hydraulic computation in simulating river overflow inundation. For verification, the simulation is applied to the Baeksan river levee breach event in South Korea in 2011. The simulation results show similarities of the observed data and the outputs from widely used flood models. This proves the applicability of the HEC-RAS 1D–2D coupling method as a powerful tool in simulating accurate inundations for flood events.


The mechanism whereby surface-active agents cause stagnation in a fluid interface has been extensively studied for water flowing in a horizontal channel. Known surface-active contaminants exhibiting varied surface behavior were added to the water. Distinctly different phenomena were observed with compressible and incompressible films.


: According to Viet Nam's Nationally Determined Contribution report, Viet nam will commit to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from sectors including agriculture. Climate change adaptation targets are also mentioned in the report. In order to increase resilience, it is necessary to adapt the crop structure to the temperature rise caused by climate change. In order to contribute to the realization of the nation's commitment to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to calculate the benefits of GHG emission reduction through the implementation of adaptation actions. This report does the calculation of the benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions when converting rice area to another crop area. The calculation method is based on the IPCC Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The calculation results show that the adaptive action of converting crop structure from paddy land to other crops will reduce about 2.9 million tons CO 2 eq by 2020 and 3.5 million tons CO 2 eq in 2030 compared with 2014.


Objective: To determine whether information from umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms significantly improves the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, independently of maternal glycemic control, in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Study design: The medical records of 277 pregnant women with diabetes were reviewed. Glycemic control was determined by glycosylated hemoglobin concentration and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry by using systolic/diastolic ratios (S : D), both obtained during the third trimester. Pregnancies with adverse perinatal outcome were compared to those with good outcome. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for glycemic control, and to test whether an elevated umbilical artery Doppler S : D ratio was independently associated with pregnancy outcome. Results: Adverse pregnancy outcome occurred in 51.6% of these pregnancies (143/277). The mean third-trimester glycosylated hemoglobin (7.7 ± 1.9% vs. 6.7 ± 1.3%, p < 0.001) and the umbilical artery S : D ratio were significantly higher (2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3, p < 0.001) in the pregnancies with adverse outcome. Logistic regression analysis showed that umbilical artery S : D ratio was an independent predictor of adverse perinatal outcome after adjusting for the third-trimester glycosylated hemoglobin level. Forty per cent of patients with normal Doppler findings (S : D ratio of < 3.0) and normal glycemic control values (glycosylated hemoglobin level of < 7.5%) had an adverse pregnancy outcome. Sixty-three per cent of patients with an abnormal result for one of these tests had an adverse pregnancy outcome. Ninety-six per cent of patients with both abnormal Doppler findings and abnormal glycemic control had an adverse pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry improves the predictive value for adverse perinatal outcome, independently of glycemic control, in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. The combination of an abnormal umbilical artery S : D ratio and abnormal glycosylated hemoglobin was strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcome.


Electron-beam-induced deposition of titanium oxide nanopatterns is described. The precursor is titanium tetra-isopropoxide, delivered to the deposition point through a needle and mixed with oxygen at the same point via a flow through a separate needle. The depositions are free of residual carbon and have an EDX determined stoichiometry of TiO2.2. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies reveal an amorphous structure of the fabricated titanium oxide. Ellipsometric characterization of the deposited material reveals a refractive index of 2.2−2.4 RIU in the spectral range of 500−1700 nm and a very low extinction coefficient (lower than 10−6 in the range of 400−1700 nm), which is consistent with high quality titanium oxide. The electrical resistivity of the titanium oxide patterned with this new process is in the range of 10–40 GΩ cm and the measured breakdown field is in the range of 10–70 V μm−1. The fabricated nanopatterns are important for a variety of applications, including field-effect transistors, memory devices, MEMS, waveguide structures, bio- and chemical sensors.


The ranges and ancient origins down through the Pleistocene of the species which make up the Boreal Forest formation are discussed. Jack and lodgepole pine, white and black spruce are essentially modern; others are older. Genetic variation of the five major boreal species groups—poplars, birches, pines, spruces and tamarack—is outlined. A discussion of natural hybrids and introgression follows with examples of types of species pairs, and artificial hybridization in poplars, and white and black spruce. Specialized life strategies of species for growing in the boreal zone and how silvicultural systems may be related to them are explained. Understanding genetic diversity and its importance in management applications is critical for the maintenance of well-adapted populations. Failure to do so results in erosion or even total loss of gene pools. Historical examples and current practices in the northeast and certain areas of the boreal forest indicate that losses in genetic diversity, reduced biodiversity, com...


The present invention relates to mechanized laying equipment of an underground cable and a construction method thereof and, more specifically, to mechanized laying equipment comprising a rail, a traction device, a supporting device, and a snake device. The present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a cable transferring device which transfers a cable to an electric power tunnel on the ground in a state of being wound on the ground; a rail unit which is installed along a position in which the cable is laid in the electric power tunnel; a traction device which is installed in the rail unit to trace the cable; a supporting device which is mounted at constant intervals in the cable, which is traced by the trace device, and is installed in the rail unit to follow the transferred cable; and a snake device which is installed in the rail unit to perform snake work while laying the cable in a plurality of hangers fixed on the wall of the electric power tunnel. Grooves corresponding to protrusions formed in the trace device and the snake device are formed in the rail unit to prevent a slip phenomenon which is generated while moving the trace device and the snake device.


In the Corruption Perception Index 2019, Indonesia ranks 90th among 180 countries (Transparency International, 2020). Indonesia still among the lowest rank in the corruption index. This index shows that corruption is an important issue for Indonesia. Therefore, the study aims at examining the determinants of corruption in Indonesia. This study focuses on two important aspects: fiscal decentralization and accountability. Since the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999, which was then revised by Law Number 32 of 2004, the local government can manage fiscal. It is expected that local governments can use resources for the improvement of the wealth of the citizens. Further, the local government has a responsibility for using the resources. However, there are cases regarding corruption in local government in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from local government financial statements to search the corruption indication, level of fiscal decentralization, and accountability. The study's sample consists of 94 districts/cities on Java during the 2013-2015 period. The dependent variable in this study is an indication of corruption. Furthermore, the study divided corruption into three aspects: regional losses, potential regional losses, and revenue deficiency. The independent variables in this study were fiscal decentralization and accountability. This study uses multiple linear regression models to test the effect of fiscal decentralization and accountability on Indonesia's corruption indicator. The result of the study shows that fiscal decentralization has a negative impact on corruption indication. The higher degree of fiscal decentralization minimizes the corruption indication in Java island. Meanwhile, fiscal decentralization has a negative effect on regional losses and revenue deficiency. Accountability has no significant on corruption indication. However, accountability has a negative impact on regional losses. In conclusion, both fiscal decentralization and accountability have curb corruption indication in the regional losses aspect.


This study utilizes searching reports from the Ministry of Construction and related data. The results of the research show that firstly, after liberation era, from 13.25㎡ to 66.12㎡, a scarce number of apartments were constructed in the center of the city. Secondly, after 1968, many apartments from 34.4㎡ to 49.6㎡ were provided for immigrants and low income people. Thus, the construction of apartments in 1970 brought around a transformation of the city's image and generalized citizens' perception of housing Type in apartment houses.


Abstract: Spyware do the task of observance and recording of user actions, within the field of knowledge security or cyber security. as well as the utilization of applications, windows opened, system commands dead, checkboxes clicked, text entered/edited, URLs visited and nearly each everything on-screen event to guard knowledge by guaranteeing that staff and contractors area unit performing arts their allotted tasks and not motion any risk to the organization area unit all captured and recorded within the system by the Spyware. Video-like playback of user activity and method the videos into user activity logs that keep gradual records of user actions which will be searched and analysed is delivered by the User Activity observance System to research any out-of-scope activities. making a visible record of probably risky user activity area unit all concerned in Visual Forensics. every user action is logged, and recorded. Once a user session is completed, Spyware creates a written account further as visual record. It may be screencaptures/screenshots or video of specifically what quite activity a user has done. This written account of our Spyware differs from that of a SIEM or work tool, as a result of it captures knowledge at a user-level not at a system level –providing plain English logs instead of System Logs (which is originally created for debugging purposes). These matter logs may be accustomed try with the corresponding screencaptures/screenshots or video summaries. Mistreatment these corresponding logs and pictures, the visual forensics element of Spyware permits for organizations to look for precise user activity just in case of a security incident. within the case of a security threat, i.e. {a knowledge|a knowledge|an information} breach or data leak, visual Forensics area unit accustomed show specifically what quite activity a user has done, and everything resulting in the incident. Visual Forensics may also be accustomed give proof to any enforcement that investigate the intrusion or leak.


Formulas have been obtained for the degree of linear polarization of recombination radiation from a homogeneous plasma having an anisotropic electron velocity distribution, f(v), characterized by an axis of symmetry. Polarization measurements are described which utilize these formulas to determine aspects of the anisotropy such as the symmetry axis direction and the lowest-order even angular moments of f(v). As a special case, if the plasma conforms to a distribution such as a ''bi-Maxwellian with drift,'' we determine the quantities u/sub D//T/sub parallel/ and (1/T/sub parallel/-1/T/sub perpendicular/) which involve the electron drift speed, and the ''perpendicular'' and ''parallel'' electron temperatures.


In this paper it is shown how to construct a finite topological space X for a given finitely presentable group G such that π1(X) ∼= G. Our construction is not optimal in the sense that the cardinality of the space X might not be the smallest possible. Our main result applies to a large class of interesting groups, including all finite groups.


The United Arab Emirates Vision 2071 expects the country to become one of the best in the world in several sectors, including education and infrastructure. Highlighting today's global tendency towards a knowledge-based economy, it drives the need to bridge the academic gap in UAE's educational system to enhance the nation's innovation. This gap is best addressed from three different levels, policy level, pedagogical level, and socio-urban level. The UAE is working on developing its educational system by emphasizing its importance through the UAE future strategies and policies, that will upgrade it with its new pedagogical facilities. This study proposes the "District-Learning", a novel approach to upgrading the UAE educational system/sector by providing the necessary new pedagogical functions in a building located in the barycenter of a school district and serving all its existing facilities. The concept focuses on boosting the communication between schools in the same district and enables sharing resources between them. This non-physical connectivity will be translated into physical connectivity which bridge each existing school to the new building. The construction process fosters modularity and flexibility, allowing the project to fit the demand of different districts. The study present the results of a test of this new approach to the case study of Al Jurf 2 zone in Ajman.


In this paper an approach to clustering of complex electronic systems using Self-Ordering Maps (SOMs) is presented. SOMs are neural networks which learn through a competitive learning algorithm. In order to use SOMs for the clustering of electronic networks, a representation of the communication behavior in n-dimensional space is developed. The SOM is then used as a nonlinear projection of this space onto a two-dimensional plane. Two examples of clustering are given. The more complex of the two is verified by comparing the behavior of the clustered system and the unclustered system on a simple model of the CAN bus. It is shown that SOMs can be used to effectively cluster complex electronic systems.


Tectoridin was extracted from rhizoma belamcandae using alcohol by AB-8 macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography.The qualitative and quantitative analysis of tectoridin were achieved by using HPLC,IR,UV,LC-MS,and NMR.According to Elson-Morgan modified method,the influence of tectoridin on the activity of hyaluronidase was determined.Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows:ethanol concentration 70%,the ratio of solid to liquid 1∶ 8(w/v),extracting 30 min each time.By separation and purification,the purity of tectoridin was 96.8%,the extraction rate was 0.653%.The inhibition rate of tectoridin on the activity of hyaluronidase reached 81.2%.The inhibition effect of tectoridin on the activity of hyaluronidase was obvious.


This paper presents a model for the initial stages of negative discharge in the atmospheric air under an extremely nonuniform field condition caused by a needle-plane electrode configuration. To model the dynamics of charged species, the drift-diffusion model is employed while taking into account the secondary electron emissions and addressing the mathematical challenges to solve the problem. Simulations are carried out in the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Analyses are performed mainly on the variations of the generation and loss rates of the charged species, their concentration evolution, and corresponding electric field distribution alterations.


Three field experiments were carried out at the experimental Station of Adrar, during three successive growing seasons 2013/2014 to 2015/2016. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the water supply levels and phosphorus and potash applications. The experimental design was a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were five irrigation levels (50, 70, 90, 100 and 120% of reference evapotranspiration (ET0)), while the sub- plots contained four fertilization treatments: control (T0), K2O (T1), P2O5 (T2) and K2O + P2O5 (T3). The obtained yields were 5.64, 5.37 and 7.87 t ha-1, during the three consecutive seasons. They were significantly affected by phosphorus apply (P <0.01) during the all trial seasons. No significant effect of potash was observed during the first season. Its effects were significant (P <0.05) and highly significant (P <0.01) during the second and the third season respectively. Water treatment effects were significant on yield and almost all its yield components. The highest water efficiency was recorded when water apply was close to 100 % of MET and elements N P K are available.


We study the iterated quasi-reversibility method to regularize ill-posed elliptic and parabolic problems: data completion problems for Poisson's and heat equations. We define an abstract setting to treat both equations at once. We demonstrate the convergence of the regularized solution to the exact one, and propose a strategy to deal with noise on the data. We present numerical experiments for both problems: a two-dimensional corrosion detection problem and the one-dimensional heat equation with lateral data. In both cases, the method prove to be efficient even with highly corrupted data.


Abstract In this work, quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants with different spacers and lipophilic tails were synthesized by using imidazole and halogenated hydrocarbons as raw materials. The surfactants were characterized by EA, IR, and ESI-MS. Physico-chemical properties including critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γCMC), saturated adsorption amount (Γmax), occupied area per molecule (Amin), standard free energy of micellization (ΔG0m) and adsorption (ΔG0ads), as well as the oil/water interfacial tension were completely studied. The prepared surfactants could efficiently lower the interfacial tension at water/air interfaces and oil/water interfaces. The results indicate that the ability of reducing the surface tension was affected by the surfactant arrangement, which could be further adjusted by a spacer and lipophilic tail. Accordingly, four surfactants were chosen as the representatives to evaluate the displacement efficiency in flooding experiments via using the authentic sandstone microscopic model.


The article contains improvement of essence of the economic category «efficiency» and determines influence peculiarity business of bank on the forming a given index.


Processing machine with a residual substance removal device (12) comprising a Absaugschlitten (20) for movement in a translational direction (x), which is arranged on a fixed suction duct (16) of the processing machine (10), characterized in that the Absaugschlitten (20 ) comprises a Ansaugarmtrager (22) and a suction arm (24) and the suction arm (24) pivotally mounted on the Ansaugarmtrager (22) is attached.


1 IntroductionPreliminary concept of the integral equation Historical background of the integral equation An illustration from mechanics Classification of integral equations Converting Volterra equation to ODE Converting IVP to Volterra equations Converting BVP to Fredholm integral equations Types of solution techniques Exercises References2 Volterra integral equationsIntroduction The method of successive approximations The method of Laplace transform The method of successive substitutions The Adomian decomposition method The series solution method Volterra equation of the first kind Integral equations of the Faltung type Volterra integral equation and linear differential equations Exercises References3 Fredholm integral equationsIntroduction Various types of Fredholm integral equations The method of successive approximations: Neumann's series The method of successive substitutions The Adomian decomposition method The direct computational method Homogeneous Fredholm equations Exercises References4 Nonlinear integral equationsIntroduction The method of successive approximations Picard's method of successive approximations Existence theorem of Picard's method The Adomian decomposition method Exercises References5 The singular integral equationIntroduction Abel's problem The generalized Abel's integral equation of the first kind Abel's problem of the second kind integral equation The weakly-singular Volterra equation Equations with Cauchy's principal value of an integral and Hilbert's transformation Use of Hilbert transforms in signal processing The Fourier transform The Hilbert transform via Fourier transform The Hilbert transform via the eth/2 phase shift Properties of the Hilbert transform Analytic signal in time domain Hermitian polynomials The finite Hilbert transform Sturm-Liouville problems Principles of variations Hamilton's principles Hamilton's equations Some practical problems Exercises References6 Integro-differential equationsIntroduction Volterra integro-differential equations Fredholm integro-differential equations The Laplace transform method Exercises References7 Symmetric kernels and orthogonal systems of functionsDevelopment of Green's function in one-dimension Green's function using the variation of parameters Green's function in two-dimensions Green's function in three-dimensions Numerical formulation Remarks on symmetric kernel and a process of orthogonalization Process of orthogonalization The problem of vibrating string: wave equation Vibrations of a heavy hanging cable The motion of a rotating cable Exercises References8 ApplicationsIntroduction Ocean waves Nonlinear wave-wave interactions Picard's method of successive approximations Adomian decomposition method Fourth-order Runge-Kutta method Results and discussion Green's function method for waves Seismic response of dams Transverse oscillations of a bar Flow of heat in a metal bar Exercises References


The bearing plates used in plate load test for highway engineering are typically rigid. However, due to limitations in obtaining the accurate distribution of compressive stress at the bottom of the bearing plate, there is often a significant deviation between the measured subgrade resilient modulus and the actual condition. To address this issue, a flexible bearing plate can be used to test the subgrade and obtain a more accurate resilient modulus. In this study, we use variance and degree of mean deviation to quantitatively evaluate the distribution uniformity of compressive stress. To create a rigid-flexible bearing plate that is similar to a flexible bearing plate, we explore the combinatorial design of steel plates and rubber mats. We examine factors such as the thickness (10, 20, and 30 mm) of the steel plate, elastic modulus (5, 10, and 20 MPa) and thickness (10, 20, and 30 mm) of the rubber mat, friction coefficient (μ:0, 0,2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, ∞) between the bearing plate and subgrade, and the combined shape characteristics of the rubber mat and steel plate. To reduce friction between the rubber mat and subgrade, we use lubricant, and through our design process, we develop a flexible bearing plate with relatively uniform compressive stress. Our computations show that when μ = 0.05, the variance is 0.0001, and the degree of mean deviation is 0.0780. These results indicate that the distribution uniformity of the compressive stress is very close to the uniform distribution load, which meets the necessary accuracy requirements for engineering applications.


In this paper, we discuss various problems in the usage and definition of risk matrices. We give an overview of the general process of risk assessment with risk matrices and ordinal scales. Furthermore, we explain the fallacies in each phase of this process and give hints on which decisions may lead to more problems than others and how to avoid them. Among those 24 discussed problems are ordinal scales, semi-quantitative arithmetics, range compression, risk inversion, ambiguity, and neglection of uncertainty. Finally, we make a case for avoiding risk matrices altogether and instead propose using fully quantitative risk assessment methods.


Abnormalities in the menstruation cycle (MC) are commons in adolescents and young women are physical practicing or not. The effect caused for the phases of the MC in the performance in exercises have been studied and many information are Known. However, we know just a little about the effect of exercises related to menstrual flow (MF) in that says respect to the blood elements and the consequences related to exercises. The objective of the present study is to verify modifications in blood composition in function of the MF in universities women in physically activity. A group (n=6) composed for universities women, was monitored by five months by a specific questionnaire and had carried through a training for 12 weeks of physical exercises. The blood collection occurred in first day and the mid-day of the MF. Occurred diminishes in number of white blood cells in a proportion of 4/6 and in number of plaquelets of 3/3. Didn't a pattern blood modification in variables analyzed. The performance in exercises not be related with blood modifications provoked by the FM or with the phase of the MF.


ABSTRACT In response to the letter to the editor titled: Pulmonary sarcoidosis induced by the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab or post-immunotherapy granulomatous reaction: which is more appropriate terminology? by Paydas, Semra


The background of formulating the new certification system for nondestructive testing personnel according to ISO 9712—1999 and the differences between the new and old systems are described. The constitution, administration, documentation and requirements of the new system including the old ones to be used in the new are also introduced.


In connectiin with a clinical case of a circumscribed edema of the umbilical cord the authors considered the space-occupied disorders of the umbilical cord. The tumorous and nontumorous lesions of the umbilical cord as well as the criteria and their diagnostic difficulties are discussed. The authors pay attention to the complications of such disorders in the pregnancy and their possible influence on the fetus.


This paper examines the behavior of an exporting firm that sells its output to two foreign countries, only one of which has futures and options available for its currency. The firm possesses smooth ambiguity preferences and faces multiple sources of ambiguous exchange rate risk. We show that the separation theorem fails to hold in that the firm's production and export decisions depend on the firm's attitude towards ambiguity and on the incident to the underlying ambiguity. Given that the random spot exchange rates are first-order independent with respect to each plausible subjective distribution, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which the full-hedging theorem applies to the firm's cross-hedging decisions. When these conditions are violated, we show that the firm includes options in its optimal hedge position. This paper as such offers a rationale for the hedging role of options under smooth ambiguity preferences and cross-hedging of ambiguous exchange rate risk.


Cantell, C.‐E. (Zoological Institute, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.) The anatomy of Oxypolella bergendali sp.n., a new nemertine from the west coast of Sweden. Zool. Scripta 1(2): 79–84, 1972. –Oxypolella bergendali sp.n. belonging to the family Baseodis‐cidae is described. It resembles Oxypolella alba Bergendal but differs in the structure of the proboscis and in the bulging of the cerebral organs into the lateral vessels. Oxypolella bergendali has several primitive features and can be regarded as intermediate between the Hubrechtia‐hke forms and the primitive lineids.


Abstract This paper presents a design methodology for low-power digital circuits with strong failure protection, or 'Safety-critical' systems aimed at overcoming the energy limitation important to small space systems involved in space flight exploration. This new methodology, consisting of both low-power cascaded logic and dynamic multi-threshold (DMT) logic, results in static power consumption savings while providing high-performance with experimental results of 1.5 V supply voltage case.The objective of this paper is to describe a power efficiency design method for mission-critical systems that will act as the core of a stand-alone aerospace system such as in spacecraft. We also describe the behavior of DMT circuits for possible improvements to provide long life-time verified by Standard Performance Evaluation Corp. (SPEC) benchmark suite. It also describes a design methodology for power reduction techniques in safety-critical environments.