This paper presents a language identification technique that detects Latin-based languages of imaged documents without OCR. The proposed technique detects languages through the word shape coding, which converts each word image into a word shape code and accordingly transforms each document image into an electronic document vector. For each Latin-based language under study, a language template is first constructed through a corpus-based learning process. The underlying language of the query document is then determined based on the similarity between the query document vector and multiple constructed language templates. Compared with the reported methods, the proposed language identification technique is fast, accurate, and tolerant to text segmentation error caused by noise and various types of document degradation. Experimental results show some promising results.


Objective To analyse the therapeutic effect of evidence-based medicine(EBM) and its influence factors on the very old patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Patients aged over 80 were very old group,aged 65-79 were senile group,on the basis of the therapy of etiology and inducement,the standard of EBM therapy was used.To analyse the therapeutic effect of evidence-based medicine(EBM) and its influence factors.Results There were significant difference on effective rate between senile group and very old group(P=0.005),which were 40.7% and 65.9%,respectively.There were difference in efficiency(88.4%,95.6%) and inpatient mortality(5.8%,1.1%) between two groups.Logistic regression revealed therapeutic effect of aged CHF patients was positively associated with age(P=0.047),heart function at admission(P=0.000),hypertension(P=0.007) and arrhythmia(P=0.046).Conclusion Therapeutic effect significantly decline with age growth in elderly CHF patients.The older the patients and the lower heart function at admission,the worst therapeutic effect on aged CHF patients.Hypertension and arrhythmia were also important factors affecting therapy on CHF patients.


The concept of urban master planning is reviewed in introduction. Next, the nature of the interrelationships between infrastructure elements, other physical elements, and urban activities is discussed. Using the example of planning for a municipal parking garage in a medium sized, hypothetical city, a framework for the integration of infrastructure planning with urban (or regional) master planning is then suggested, based on the common planning process.


The author covers the social aspect of family policy implementation in a region, and presents the integrated authorial program on the complex support of young families aimed at strengthening the positive status of marriage and family institutions, as well as the improvement of social services.


Abstract An analytical expression for the instantaneous terminal velocity of a two-phase bubble evaporating or collapsing in a less viscous, immiscible liquid at large Reynolds numbers is derived. The predicted results are compared with the experimental data of Sideman and Taitel [1]. There is good agreement between experiment and theory


We improve a connection of the worst-case complexity and the average-case complexity of some well-known lattice problems. This fascinating connection was first discovered by Ajtai (1995). We improve the exponent of this connection from 8 to 3.5+/spl epsiv/.


Pain is the body's warning signal, a vital protective mechanism which alerts people that something is wrong. Chronic pain, however, serves no useful purpose and can trigger other physical and emotional problems. One person in three suffers some degree of chronic pain, and pain is the number one complaint registered in doctor's surgeries. Many are relying on daily use of pain-killers, but long-term use of medication can make the underlying problem worse. This book explains how to break the never-ending cycle of pain, medication and misery, so that pain is eased or even removed altogether. It is a guide to how pain may affect any part of the body allows the reader to discover what's right for him or her. Suggested treatments range from nutritional modification, herbal and homoeopathic approaches, to therapeutic touch, yoga and meditation. Other titles by Leon Chaitow include "Candida Albicans", "Asthma" and "Prostrate".


This paper presents a detection technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing systems that is based in a quantized received lattice. This permits the search to be focused into successive ordered subspaces. The proposal greatly reduces the number Euclidian distances need to be calculated replacing it by memory usage for back tracing candidate vectors. Thus, this tool enables further pruning the search tree when using a sphere decoder. The receiver starts by quantizing both the received vector and the lattice points and then defines a neighbourhood around the cell containing the received vector. If needed, the neighbourhood is extended to a larger Manhattan distance. Conversely, dense clusters of lattice points are resolved by increasing the quantization bits per dimension. The paper describes the probability density functions (pdf) of the lattice components and presents numerical results for the pdf of the number of lattice points that are candidates to be evaluated in a subsequent block based on Euclidean distances. All the results are for the frequency flat fast fading channel.


Abstract : This research was prompted by the need to select a suitable headset for auditory processing of passive-sonar information. The selection of an accurate transducer for auditory processing of passive sonar signals requires accurate measurement of frequency response. No standard for such measurement exists. The method proposed here uses a modified Zwislocki acoustic coupler mounted in an anthropometrically and acoustically average mannikin, KEMAR, in order to simulate the acoustic load that an average human ear would place on the earphone element. A computerized signal-collection and -analysis system subtracted this transfer function from stored earphone-response data. Responses were averaged across samples of left and right earphone elements and across repeated measurements that sampled variability due to headset placement, seal around the ear, and headband tension. Analog plots of earphone frequency response were indistinguishable from computer regenerated plots of that same frequency response. Comparison of raw data and corrected data show the correction procedure to be within 0.2 dB of perfect accuracy.


In this paper, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were obtained to determine the chemical structure of these polystyrene (PS) doped and undoped thin films. The purpose is to analyze the graphs and binding energies of each element to determine. The XPS analysis of these pure PS compared doped PS thin film does show a tunable potential for optimum properties. PS has a relative basic host matrix, and it is our hypothesis that first, we can show that XPS can be a useful and resourceful tool in characterizing these thin films for chemical structure and binding information. Secondly, we intend to show that through the addition of dopants, we can affect the binding energies. The results show the impact on O1s binding energies ± 4.43-5.57 eV and for C1s ± 1.45 -9.37 eV. These analyses have been performed in several studies on polymer nanocomposite materials. Here, we introduce the use of the XPS analysis in recent notable polymer nanocomposite studies for various target applications.


Dongping Bridge with a main span of 300m is located in the south of Foshan city and it is a cooperative-system steel box tied-arch bridge cooperating with prestressed concrete continuous beam. Dongping Bridge was constructed by two-step rotary method including vertical rotation followed by horizontal rotation. It is the first time in China that the vertical rotation method without buckles was adopted in vertical rotation construction process. The weight of the horizontal rotation is 14800t which is the heaviest in the world. Taking the construction monitor and control in rotation process as engineering background this paper represents some key technologies such as optimizing calculation of the cable force of the vertical lifting, the calculation of lifting force in the horizontal rotation, the analysis of stability in the course of rotation, the dynamic measurement of the deformation at important location during the rotation process and the real-time control of line shape of the arch rib, etc. 800 ARCH'07 – 5th International Conference on Arch Bridges the angle of vertical rotation is 25°. The weight of horizontal rotation is 14800t and the angle of horizontal rotation is 104.6° on the north bank and 180° on the south bank. Fig. 1 : Sketch of vertical rotation system Fig. 2 : Sketch of horizontal rotation system 2 CHARACTERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION MONITORING CONTROL Dongping Bridge embodied the highest achievements of the Chinese bridge rotation construction method. The characteristics of the structure analysis and the construction monitoring control technologies in construction processes are as follows: (1)The construction method of vertical lifting rotation without buckles was used in bridge construction for the first time. There are several new problems in the construction monitor such as the stability of the lifting tower, the local safety of lifting system and the calculation of the lifting cable force and so on. According to the characteristics of the project, the special methods of structural analysis and monitoring were adopted which are closely related to design and the construction. (2)The main bridge is a steel box arch bridge with three ribs and sub-arch. The rigid tie bar and rigid hanger were also adopted in this bridge. The complex construction technology of Dongping Bridge includes multiple system transformation and there are 12 closures (vertical rotation closures in sub-arch and side arch and horizontal rotation closures in main arch and tie bar box). Structure analysis and computation of construction control must be quite accurate because there are seldom methods of adjusting internal force and arch axis geometry in the construction process. (3)The rotation weight of this bridge creates a record of 14,800t, and the flat turn angle is large (reaching 180°on the south bank). It brings a big challenge to the construction and monitoring. Moreover, because of the unique sub-arch structure of the bridge, the rotation structure forms a self-equilibrating system. During the rotation process, the controllability is very poor. Therefore, before the rotation, the judgment of the rotation-structure gravity-center position, the calculation of the draft load and the structural stability in the rotation process are especially important. (4) The structure inner force and alignment changes along with the construction process because the rotation construction is a dynamic process. In order to make the comprehensive and correct monitor of the rotation structure stressed state, it is not only need to reasonably and scientifically arrange monitoring points, but also need to continuously measure monitoring points and collect measured data. 3 THE MONITORING CONTROL CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 3.1 The establishment of rotation process simulation model The rotation construction process was simulated by the finite element program (ANSYS) and the model mainly included three parts: the vertical rotation model (Fig.3), the flat turn model (Fig.4) and the general model (Fig.5). In the process of rotation the number and relative position Z. Tian, T. Peng, F. Ma, Y. Ding and L. Zhang 801 of elements of main structure did not change and the main structure just rotation around the articulation. In order to avoid time-costing and complicated model construction work, the model was established by using array and parameter in this paper. The local coordinate system is based on the state that the arch rid swiveled to the correct position and the model under different rotation angle were simulated by revolving the work plane. It is greatly simplified the work of model construction in the rotation process. Fig.3 FEM model of the vertical rotation stage Fig.4 FEM model of the horizontal rotation stage Fig.5 Finite element model of the bridge 3.2 The optimizing calculation of vertical rotation cable force The length of lifting cable and the angle between lift cable and lift tower changes with the rotation process. It leads to the force of lifting cable continuously change. The value of lifting cable force directly effect the safety of lifting process, the accuracy of the forecast of lifting state and the subsequent working conditions. Therefore, ascertaining the cable force under each working condition is an important premise to ensure the calculation accuracy of entire vertical rotation process and the arch rib well closure after horizontal rotation. The optimizing design is a type of technique which seeks and determines the optimum design plan. The specific optimizing design includes the design variable, the state variable, the target function, the controlling condition and so on. In the course of lifting, a couple group of lifting cable forces are the design variables, the difference between the two group of cable forces is the state variables, the deformation at the midst location of the line which connects the two lifting points is the target function. The calculation process of lifting cable force is just the process that unceasingly revising the initial cable forces to guarantee the force uniform and the midst location of the line which connects the two lifting points reach the corresponding height at the same time. The cable force is specifically calculated by the optimum design model in ANSYS and the vertical rotation structural model was shown in fig.3.The iterated algorithm was employed in the emulate calculation and the initial strain of the two group cables (define the initial rigidity of the 802 ARCH'07 – 5th International Conference on Arch Bridges lifting cable) was looked as design variables and the initial value got zero. The displacement of the median site between the two paralleling groups of lift cables' lifting point got zero as controlling target and the vertical rotation lifting cable force of main arch rib was calculated. The whole rotation angle varied from 0oto 25o(the final position) and the vertical lifting process of the entire bridge were discrete by 2.5o. The comparisons between theory cable force and measuring cable force in the process of the vertical rotation were shown in table 1. 3.3 The stability analysis in the rotation process For long-span arch bridge, the stability during the construction process is very important. As there are many examples in the world that the entire bridge destroyed due to destabilization in the process of construction, we must pay sufficient emphasis on stability. The stability of the integral and partial of the major structure as well as the temporary structure in the rotation process has been detailed analyzed in Dongping Bridge. During the rotation process, the stability of the lifting tower is very important. According to calculation, when the main arch rib remove from the supporter in the vertical process, the level force of the lifting tower generated by the lifting steel strand is maximum , the first kind stability safety coefficient of the lifting tower is 13.25 and the correspond instability mode of the tower is the horizontal swing. For the first kind stability problem, the new code(JTG D-62—2004)defines that the safety coefficient should be greater than 4, so the lifting tower of Dongping Bridge in vertical process have sufficient safety stock. 3.4 Stress calculation during different operating mode With the above mentioned simulation model of the rotation process, the stress of the main arch rib under each working condition from the main arch rib remove from the supporter to the rotation accomplished has been detailed analysis. From the calculation results, in the process of rotation the position of the maximum stress of arch box is located in quarter of the main arch rib and the lifting point. The most disadvantageous stressed location of the lifting tower appears in the vertical steel tube under crane platform, which lies in the upper part of the tower. In order to accurately analysis the structure behavior of the key component that suffered complicated stress during the vertical rotation, shell or solid model of some locations including the vertical rotation joint, the counterforce crossbeam in the lifting tower top and the lifting ear area were built. The strain and deformation of these important components also be analyzed, and then the location of the most disadvantageous stress has been found out. Major track monitor were given to these sites during field construct monitoring. Table.1. Calculation of lifting-cable force in vertical rotation stage The lifting angle The theoretical cable force kN The real measured cable force kN The deviation between the theoretical value and the measured value


We developed a city-wide program to provide primary percutaneous coronary intervention as rapid treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, a medical emergency where minutes count. [1][1] Compared with fibrinolytic therapy, primary percutaneous coronary intervention provides more


Abstract Surgical excision of haemangiomas in selected cases is the quickest and surest method of cure. However, this treatment modality has never been very popular because of problems of bleedings, recurrence and need for reconstruction later. A study of 25 cases of various types of haemangiomas treated surgically is presented.


Heparin sodium, dissolved in water, causes plasma clearing activity (PC) and appreciable heparinemia (HE) when directly delivered into the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum or the large intestine of rats, as well as when administered through an esophageal tube to distal duodenum-ligated animals. However, choledochus occlusion significantly decreases both PC and HE produced by intraesophageal heparin application. It is suggested that, in rats, bile flow participates in intestinal heparin absorption.


Resume: Oeuvrant a l'Office national du film du Canada pendant les annees 60, Arthur Lipsett a transforme le documentaire de compilation-illustre par les series Canada Carries On et World in Action produites pendant la guerre-en films de collage modernistes qui critiquent les valeurs et moeurs de la societe nord-americaine des annees 50 et 60. Une lecture attentive de certains passages de Very Nice, Very Nice, A Trip Down Memory Lane et Fluxes nous permet de voir ses methodes en action. Ces methodes partagent certaines premisses theoriques etablies par Walter Benjamin pour son projet inacheve sur Les Arcades, en particulier le potentiel revelateur des « rebus » et « dechets » extraits de leurs contextes originaux et juxtaposes selon les principes du montage. These fragments I have shored against my ruin.... T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land When John Grierson returned to the National Film Board in 1964 to help celebrate its twenty-fifth anniversary, he reportedly remarked with characteristic bluntness, "It has come to my attention recently that the Film Board more and more is becoming infiltrated with 'arty-tarty' types who intend to use the facilities which it offers for their own private purposes."1 Grierson did not name names, apparently, but Arthur Lipsett could easily have been one of the "arty-tarty types" he had in mind. Born and raised in Montreal, Lipsett joined the Film Board in 1958, after three years of study at the Montreal Museum School of Art and Design, where he was twice named "best student."2 At the NFB, he worked as animation artist, photographer, cinematographer, sound and picture editor, post-production consultant, and director. In one capacity or another, he contributed to more than twenty films over a dozen years, but his reputation as an innovative filmmaker rests on five short films: Very Nice, Very Nice (1961), 21-87 (1964), Free Fall (1964), A Trip Down Memory Lane (1965), and Fluxes (1968). His last film for the NFB, N-Zone, appeared in 1970. It is also his longest (at forty-five minutes) and generally regarded as his least successful, though the film does have its defenders.3 After resigning from the Film Board in 1970, Lipsett made Strange Codes (1972), in which he appears in a variety of costumes and acts out what appears to be a search for clues (or codes) that, in his words, "could enable a human being to help make transformations and connections from his inner world of feeling, to the world of day to day reality systems."4 The film remains undistributed and virtually unseen, and it brought his filmmaking career to an enigmatic and inconclusive end. LIPSETT AND THE AMERICAN AVANT-GARDE Regarded by some as the Film Board's "boy genius" during his early years at the NFB,5 Lipsett was able to make "experimental" films that were widely distributed by the Board and shown-and awarded prizes-at American and European festivals. In 1964, for example, 21-87 was voted "most popular film" at the Midwest Film Festival in Chicago. In the same year, at the Independent Film-Makers Festival in Palo Alto, California, 21-87 was awarded second prize, with first prize going to Kenneth Anger's Scorpio Rising, and third prize to Bruce Conner's Cosmic Ray. Two years earlier, Very Nice, Very Nice had been nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Live Action Short category (an odd category for a film with almost no live action). By the time of his death by suicide in 1986, however, Lipsett was virtually forgotten and his films relegated to classroom screenings in high schools, colleges and universities. In the late eighties and early nineties his work was "re-discovered" by a few American critics, film programmers and filmmakers. In October 1998, Lipsett retrospectives in New York and Chicago expanded interest in his work within the American avant-garde film community and produced extensive discussion of his films on Frameworks, the electronic Experimental Film Discussion List.6 Of the filmmakers instrumental in preparing the ground for this revival of interest in Lipsett's films, the most prominent was Stan Brakhage. …


A sodalite/glass ceramic waste form has been developed to immobilize highly radioactive nuclear wastes in chloride form, as part of an electrochemical cleanup process. Simulated waste forms have been fabricated which contain plutonium and are representative of the salt from the electrometallurgical process to recover uranium from spent nuclear fuel. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) studies were performed to determine the location, oxidation state and form of the plutonium within these waste forms. Plutonium, in the non-fission-element case, was found to segregate as plutonium(IV) oxide with a crystallite size of at least 20 nm. With fission elements present, the crystallite size was about 2 nm. No plutonium was observed within the sodalite or glass in the waste form.


Compared to the conventional anti-globulin test (AGT), polyethylene glycol (PEG)-using AGT (PEG-AGT) was found to be not only simpler and easier, but also superior with regard to specificity and sensitivity to detect unexpected antibodies.In a basic study for the application of PEG to direct AGT (DAT), it was found that the addition of PEG to red cells from patients followed by incubation for 5 to 20 minutes at 37°C provided the most sensitive results.Of 1082 patients' sera for antibody screening, red cell alloantibodies in 8 and warm-type red cell autoantibody in 1 could be detected by PEG-AGT, but not by AGT. On the other hand, one anti-E IgM antibody, probably in its early stage of production, was detected by Bromelin method, but not by PEG-AGT. In two other patients PEG-AGT demonstrated a positive reaction two months before the onset of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), whereas AGT result remained negative.PEG-AGT seemed to be an adequate method specially to detect low-titer IgG antibodies in both DAT and indirect AGT, and it will provide useful indexes for the diagnosis of AIHA and also for the observation of clinical course of patients with such diseases as AIHA.


There is a synergistic effect of hypertension combined with diabetes to cardiovascular risk. The blood pressure control is more difficult for hypertensive patients complicated with diabetes, leading to aggravating the vital organs damage (such as heart, brain, kidney). Therefore, blood pressure and blood glucose levels should be simultaneously and effectively controlled. The exercise therapy not only eliminates the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but also lowers blood pressure and blood sugar, resulting in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. This article reviews the effects of exercise therapy on blood pressure and blood glucose, and provides guidance for hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus.

Key words:
Hypertension; Diabetes mellitus; Exercise therapy


Abstract We study a distributed multi-agent optimization problem of minimizing the sum of convex objective functions. A new decentralized optimization algorithm is introduced, based on dual decomposition, together with the subgradient method for finding the optimal solution. The iterative algorithm is implemented on a multi-hop network and is designed to handle communication delays. The convergence of the algorithm is proved for communication networks with bounded delays. An explicit bound, which depends on the communication delays, on the convergence rate is given. A numerical comparison with a decentralized primal algorithm shows that the dual algorithm converges faster, and with less communication.


This pre-feasibility study was taken out by the co-operation with Zhejiang University, the CEU lab in Zhejiang University is taking researches of the algae based carbon dioxide capture technology, ...


Objective
To investigate anatomic feature of variant right hepatic artery originating from the gastroduodenal artery.

Methods
We studied the anatomy of hepatic artery in 70 patients by 64-slice CT scans. If the right hepatic artery originated from the gastroduodenal artery, its relation to duodenum, common bile duct and portal vein was further investigated.

Results
Normal hepatic artery was found in 40 patients (57.1%). Variant hepatic artery can′t be categorized to classic types in 8 patients (11.4%), among them 6 patients (8.6%) were with replaced (5 patients) or accessory (one patient) right hepatic artery arising from gastroduodenal artery. With the distance between original point of the right hepatic artery and that of the gastroduodenal artery growing further anatomic course of the variant right hepatic artery is more similar to that of the right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery.

Conclusions
The variation of right hepatic artery originating from the gastroduodenal artery was not uncommon. This specific variant hepatic artery can exert impact on biliary blood supply, avoiding injury decreases the incidence of serious biliary complications in general surgery.

Key words:
Hepatic artery; Vascular malformations; Blood supply, biliary tract


The superconductor compounds of YBCO-system were synthesized by solid state reaction method, such as YnBa5Cun+5Oyfor n=3, 5, 7. The prepared samples were examined by Meissner effect in the presence of liquid-N2. The electrical resistivity was measured by using Van der Pauw technique through closed cycle refrigerator under liquid-He2. The value of critical temperature at (n=3, 5, 7) were (Tc=113.6, 113, and 105 K) respectively. X-ray diffraction was done to show the crystal structure through the operation of analytical software. It was clear that the crystal structure was orthorhombic phase for all values of (n), but there was a slightly variation in the lattice constants. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the Y358 had large grains randomly comparable with Y-5510, Y-7512, with the absent of interfaces channels in Y358.


Anaplasma phagocytophilum has traditionally been regarded as a worldwide veterinary tick-borne bacterium, and more recently as an emerging human pathogen causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) [1]. The growing interest in this agent in Europe [2], along with its detection in Portugal, has signalled the need for detailed study that addresses the ecobiology and disease occurrence in our country. Using serological, molecular and ⁄ or isolation attempts, we studied potential A. phagocytophilum infections in ticks, rodents, horses, dogs and humans. The present work summarises the main results obtained during a 4-year study started in 2002.


Controlled-term indexing (the method of choice for multimedia collections and still very popular for purely textual material), appears an expensive solution because it takes huge resources and manual indexing. It is not possible, however, to perform a well-founded asessment of various approaches to information retrieval. We discuss ways to improve controlled-term indexing and illustrate these by looking at the Condorcet project carried out at Twente by us and co-workers. We round off with a discussion that, we hope, will raise more questions than it answers.


This paper provides a detailed description of a cross cultural border crossing initiative that is open to all students in their final semester of a university teacher preparation program. This fourth semester option, referred to as "Teaching Across Borders," provides an opportunity for all those who participate to make deep meaning of lived experiences, and to view their place in the world and their teaching praxis, through an enriched, expanded, and multi-faceted lens. The design elements and pedagogical underpinnings of the "Teaching Across Borders" initiative are identified, as are the benefits for all those who choose to participate. RESUME: Ce papier apporte une description detaillee sur une initiative interculturelle passer les frontieres qui est ouverte a tous les etudiants inscrits dans une universite au programme de preparation des enseignants, en fin de semestre. Cette quatrieme option du semestre, referencee comme suit: "Enseigner au-dela des frontieres," procure une opportunite a tous ceux qui participent a approfondir le sens d'experiences vecues, a voir leur place dans le monde et leurs praxis d'enseignement, et ce, avec une vision enrichie, elargie et a multi facettes. Les elements du schema et des supports pedagogiques de l'initiative "Enseigner au-dela des frontieres" sont reconnus comme etant les avantages de tous ceux qui choisissent de participer. A teacher who is open to the world will be open to (all) students, to their lived experiences, their differences (and) their value as distinct human beings, deserving of the best education (she or he) can offer them. (Simonyi & Romano, 2006) These words invite reflection as to how, as educators, our openness to the world directly relates to how we respond to others in the world. These words also call to mind an ancient Chinese saying that I came across when reading an article a few years back. The author described how


In ultra-wideband (UWB) breast imaging, it has been shown that benign and malignant masses, which usually possess remarkable architectural differences, could be distinguished by exploiting their morphology-dependent microwave backscatter. The complex natural resonances (CNRs) of the backscatter signature can be derived from the late-time target response, where the damping factors vary with the border profiles of lesions. As an extension to our previous work (Chen et al. 2008), here we investigate the potential advantage of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars to enhance the resonance scattering phenomenon in tissue differentiation. Based on the observed damping factors and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) at different classifiers, which correspond to various diversity paths in the MIMO radar system, the selection combining fusion scheme is proposed for robust lesion classification. We also provide numerical examples to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed imaging technique.


The nonlinear physical systems which are described by infinite dimensional integrable equations have two types of solutions: solitons which can be viewed as nonlinear localized ''normal modes'' and radiation solution which can be viewed as linear modes (termed as phonons, photons, spin waves, etc., in condensed matter physical systems). These linear modes are modulationally unstable to nonlinear normal modes and this instability is expressed by a time domain decay of their amplitude as t−1/2, which corresponds to 1/f spectrum. This mechanism is explored for three types of nonlinear equations and an analogy with 1/f noise generated as a result of low‐frequency bremsstrahlung is revealed.


Motivated by the increasingly large weight of foreign investment funds on the portfolio of Italian residents, this paper provides an estimate of the composition, by instrument and by issuer country, of Italy's portfolio assets after "looking through" cross-border positions in investment funds. Our main findings suggest that removing the statistical opacity arising from cross-border positions in investment funds has a significant impact on the composition of Italy's portfolio investments. After "looking through" foreign funds' holdings, the share of debt securities on portfolio assets, which is equal to 40 per cent in the unadjusted data, rises to 75 per cent. The country composition of external portfolio assets also fundamentally changes in the direction of increasing its geographical diversification. The United States becomes Italy's main destination country; the shares of France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Spain also increase, while that of Luxembourg, where most of the foreign investment funds are domiciled, drastically falls.


In the Letter to the Editor by Goff and Oster entitled "Formation of 235-Nanometer Absorbing Substance during Glutaraldehyde Fixation," which appeared in the September issue of the Journal (Vol. 22, pp. 913-915, 1974), curve d in Figure 1 on page 913 was not satisfactorily reproduced in the printing process. The figure as it should have appeared is reproduced below.


The authors use first-principles calculations to show that the interaction between graphene and metal ions is stronger than van der Waals interaction, and is of a different nature.


Owing to the significance of unit-testing in software development life-cycle, there are several existing approach es on automating the generation of conventional unit tests. However, these approaches often fail to generate a set of tes t cases that can ensure a high code coverage and manually writing such test cases is a labor-intensive task. To addres s these preceding issues with conventional unit tests, Param eterized Unit Tests (PUT) are introduced where programmers can describe the expected behavior or specifications. Pex, an automatic test generation tool, accepts these PUTs and generates a set of conventional unit tests that tries to ensu r a high code coverage. In this paper, we present an empirical study to analyze the benefits of PUTs. We use two phases in the process of converting conventional unit tests into PUTs : generalization and writing new PUTs. The generalization phase refers to the transformation of existing conventiona l unit tests into PUTs, whereas writing new PUTs refers to the addition of new PUTs to cover the code under test that is not covered by the generalization phase. In our empirical study, we used an open source C# project called NUnit to study the benefits of test generalization. In our study, we found that generalization has increased the code coverage by9.68% (on average) and also detected 7 new defects. Furthermore, writing new PUTs resulted in a total increase in the code coverage achieved with conventional unit tests


In this paper, a novel fast recursive dynamic sliding control method based on extended state observer is proposed for dual-motor servo system with backlash nonlinearity. The extended state observer is improved by introducing a new nonlinear function to avoid high-frequency oscillation and simplify the designing process. Then, a fast recursive dynamic sliding controller is designed, which can make the system error converge to stability domain in finite-time. The simulation results compared with PID control and active disturbance rejection control show that the proposed control law greatly improve transient performance of the controller and get higher tracking accuracy.


Abstract. An estimation procedure for multiple autoregressive-moving average models is suggested which takes advantage of the possibility of transferring these multiple models to univariate periodic autoregressive-moving average models. The procedure is simple enough to be practicable using less efficient computers and it should give acceptable estimates for longer time series. By using this method for shorter time series, the obtained estimates may serve as the initial estimates for more complicated estimation procedures.


The study's primary strength is the detailed consideration of multiple meanings and evaluations put forth by Hourglass and Tomb for Boris Davidovich. Following the separate, considerate analysis of possible perspectives in both narratives, Bo!kovi" turns to the array of symbols in the latter text, taking time to thoroughly work through the multi-layered role of the circle, as well as the use of other symbols: body, inverted image of the world/image of death, colors (primarily red), dogs, and eyeglasses. As a literary study, Islednik, svedok, prica presents a provocative approach to Ki!'s much considered and deliberated works. It is the central claim that investigation and intrigue are themes in Ki! (and literature, in general) that have not been thoroughly explored, all the while these texts innately allow for elements of searching. Bo!kovi" grants that this approach lacks a complete resolution and certainty, yet this exact intrigue is, appropriately, provocative. By oscillating between known and unknown aspects of Ki!'s poetics, as is Bo!kovi"'s projected thesis, the study attempts both to uncover borderline truths resisting prior investigation and to train the reader in detective work pertaining to modernist prose. Adding a methodological interpretation to Hourglass and Tomb for Boris Davidovich, the study doesn't claim full disclosure of truths of one of modernity's most prolific writers, but rather brings to focus a new approach and perspective of analysis of Danilo Ki!.


We revisit voluntariness of voluntary export restraints (VERs) in a differential game model of duopoly with sticky prices. We show that a VER set at the free trade level has no effect on equilibrium under open-loop strategies while the same policy results in a smaller profit for the exporting firm, i.e. it is involuntary under a non-linear feedback strategy. Moreover, we prove an extended proposition of Dockner and Haug (1991) on voluntariness of VERs under a linear feedback strategy.


Peoples' histories have been destroyed at the times of traumatic events in conflicts and wars. In the last decade, we have witnessed a radical transformation of cities in the Middle East and North Africa, as entire neighbourhoods have been razed to the ground, erasing communities' memories and destroying their cultural heritage sites and architectural achievements. It is a decade of mass displacement of millions of people from their homelands. Many of them have left their homes with literally nothing and are unable to return to their homelands as their lives are at risk and as their homes have been wilfully destroyed. Émigré communities who find refuge across the world in refugee camps, in informal settlements or in urban areas in cities, witness the destruction of their homeland from afar. Their history is being constantly re-written by dominant political powers that whitewash peoples' loss, pain and grief. In the face of this destruction, displaced communities reconstruct their own homelands in exiles that humanise and individualise their struggles. Through art, literature, poetry and other acts of creativity they renegotiate their past and reconstruct a destroyed memory through re-writing their own biographies of home. In this paper, a slice of these efforts is presented with a focus on Syria, where more than half of the population has been displaced from their home within and outside the country since 2011. Interviews are undertaken with a group of individuals who contributed towards telling an alternative narrative about Syria that contrasts with the narratives of the mass media, which turned the Syrian struggle into a database, with refugees, the lost and the death toll represented by numbers and figures. Their contributions play a significant role in protecting the past of diverse communities, in preserving our stories, our struggles and our pain, and in helping us never to forget. This new wave of culture in exile created by the living is a homage to the dead and to the generations yet to be.


In this article, I want to focus on two of the distinctions that inform Heidegger's discussion of ethics within "The Letter on Humanism." By investigating the distinctions between action (Handeln) and effecting (Wirken), on the one hand, and ethics and ethos, on the other, and considering their roots within his lectures on Aristotle in the 1920s, I will argue that Heidegger's practical concerns are less connected with ethics as it is generally practiced and understood today than with the ancient notion of the good life. In grappling with the metaphysical grounding of Aristotle's conception of the good life and its essential relation to production, Heidegger examines the historicality of both ethos and action in the light of modern technology.


We determined the in vitro corrosion resistance of the composite chitosan-silver(I) [Ag(I)] ion coating on the cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) dental alloy in a 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 37°C. We obtained the novel composite chitosan–Ag(I) ion coating by electrophoretic deposition at 20 V for 30 s at room temperature in a 2% (v/v) aqueous solution of acetic acid with 1 g dm–3 chitosan and 10 g dm–3 silver nitrate. We evaluated the chemical composition with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We investigated surface topography and electronic properties with a scanning Kelvin probe. We determined the mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical corrosion of the obtained coatings by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ag content in the composite chitosan–Ag(I) ion coating was 1.9 ± 1 wt.%. The cataphoretic co-deposition of chitosan and Ag(I) ions in an aqueous solution can be used to modify the CoCrMo alloy surface to obtain new coatings with antibacterial properties.


Contract farming is carried out to encourage the improvement of economic and social condition of farmer community so it can increase their income and achieve more equitable and sustainable development. The process of contract farming is affected by various factors, internal factors or external factors. This sudy aims to (i) describe contract farming between PT Bloom Agro and Bangkit Merbabu farmer group, (ii) describe the challenges and benefits of contract farming, and (iii) analyze the factors that effect the success of contract farming between PT Bloom Agro and Bangkit Merbabu farmer group. The research was conducted in Desa Batur, Kecamatan Getasan using the cencus method with the total population of 35 organic vegetable farmers in Bangkit Merbabu farmer group. The analysis method in this research was descriptive analysis and multiple linear regresion. The data analysis showed that the F test result of variable education, farming experience, production input, technological support and information transparancy simultaneously have a significant effect on the success of contract farming betwen PT Bloom Agro with Bangkit Merbabu farmer group. The t test result showed production input, technological support and transparancy of information individually have a  significant efect on the success of contract farming.  Pattern of contract farming that was applied between PT Bloom Agro and Bangkit Merbabu farmer group is a general trading contract. Covid-19 pandemic, climatic condition and limitation of education were found to be the inhibiting factors that farmers faced in the implementation of contract farming. PT Bloom Agro can provide  more intensive assistance and training about contract farming to increase farmer's knowledge and skill for sustainability of contract farming.


Information molecules of DNA and RNA should obey principles of quantum mechanics where unitary operators in form of unitary matrices have key meanings. Unitary matrices are the basis of calculations in quantum computers. This article presents some author's results, which show that matrix forms of the representation of structured systems of molecular-genetic alphabets can be considered as sets of sparse unitary matrices related with phenomenologic features of the degeneracy of the genetic code. These sparse unitary matrices have orthogonal systems of functions in their rows and columns. A complementarity exists among some unitary genetic matrices in relation each other.  Decompositions of numeric genetic matrices into sets of sparse unitary matrices are connected with the logical operation of modulo-2 addition used in quantum computers as well. Tensor (or Kronecker)  families of unitary genetic matrices with their fractal-like properties are also considered. The described results are discussed in the frame of development of quantum-information approaches for modeling genetic systems.


1
Defensins

2
Cathelicidins

3
Concluding Remarks

Keywords:

antimicrobial peptides, defensins and cathelicidins;
antimicrobial defense-neutrophils and polymorphonucleated neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN);
defensins, large and growing family of antimicrobial peptides;
variability of expression;
antimicrobial mechanisms;
defensin sequences and composition;
defensin biosynthesis;
porcine and human cathelicidin genes


Numerical control milling machine's spindle system vibrates under a non-harmonic force power with intricate changes,and that,the stiffness of spindle rolling bearing which is closely related to the characteristic of vibration is not a fixed value,but a function of load.With the finite element theory of probability.finite element of transient response and bearing fixed stiffness theory,this article calculated the reliable probability for dynamic stiffness of the machine tool's spindle system on the basis of the combination for transient response analytical method of the analysis of finite element software ANSY10.0 and Monto-Carlo stimulant method,and concludes two points as follows,firstly,in the spindle system,at the front-support radius of spindle is the most sensitive geometrical factor for the impact of dynamic stiffness and the front-end radius of the spindle is a secondary factor.Secondly,the suspend metering of milling tool haulm is the most sensitive tool factor for the impact of dynamic stiffness and the radius of milling tool haulm is the secondary factor in the spindle system.


A method for bridge structural parameter identification using field measured static influence lines with respect to various types of measurement is presented. Static test data on displacement, tilts and strains are quantified by means of influence lines to estimate global and local, sensitive and insensitive parameters of any model form of structure. A quadratic performance error function to be minimized was established with interpolation or fitting procedures. An analytical example of a simply supported beam is employed for demonstration purpose. A numerical example of plane stress is presented and local and insensitive parameters are successfully and accurately estimated. Results of the example suggest that despite no competitive advantage in estimating the sensitive parameters with integrative measurement, it is an essential point to the successful identification of insensitive parameters by making a judicious selection of integrative measurement.


Dawson (1995) described a dataset giving population at risk and fatalities for an unusual mortality episode (the sinking of the ocean liner Titanic), and discussed experiences in using the dataset ...


In this paper, we consider the inertial measurement units (IMUs) based attitude estimation, a common core problem in a large variety of robotic systems. In particular, we focus on the case where the IMU measurements are contaminated by narrow-band vibration noises caused by the system flexible mode, aerodynamic turbulence, or rotating parts (e.g., motors). Our proposed scheme is a complete solution to adaptively estimate the narrow-band noise and actively compensate it in the attitude estimation. More specifically, the scheme adopts a notch filter to attenuate the narrow-band noise and subsequently embeds such filter into a multiplicative extended Kalman filter framework to eliminate the induced transient error. Furthermore, a least mean square method is utilized to estimate the dominant noise frequency in real time, forming an adaptive notch filter that can effectively attenuate the narrow-band noise with time-varying dominant frequency. The complete algorithm is verified on an actual gimbal system with exhaustive experiments.


The current legislation regulating the activities of peasant (farmer) households in the Russian Federation is contradictory. Analysis of legal sources on the problem under study allowed to identify the shortcomings of the legislation associated with the duality of the legal status of peasant (farmer) households. The analyzed system of legal support for peasant (farmer) households activities on the federal level. As a result of the analysis of state legal acts, regulating relations associated with the activities of peasant (farmer) households identified the main areas of improvement legal framework for this sphere of legislation.


Objective To know the transmission routes,high risk behaviors and survival status by epidemiological analyses of 725 cases infected with HIV and subsequent consultations about high risk behaviors and to provide evidence for cutting off transmission of HIV.Methods Individual files for new infectors of HIV were made and the tables of consultations were followed about individual health statues and family infection statues annually.Results The rate of main transmission route through IDU was 89.93%,and the needle sharing rate was 98.47%.The infection rate of sex contact was only 17.09%.2 cases sticked to abstaining from drugs in the following three years after consultations.The needle sharing rate decreased to 56.20% and using condom rate increased to 51.27%.96 cases were sick and died because of related disease.Only 61 persons were treated in hospital and average time of hospitalization was 5.3 days.12 cases died in the hospital and 26 cases died after leaving hospital in one month.Conclusions The main transmission route was IDU and needle sharing,and sex transmission was one of the concurrence risks.The quality of life of infectors were low and they got sick because of increasing related diseases,but only few of them were treated in hospitals.In health education,attention should be given to practical effects of intervention taken.


This article contains analysis of existing monitoring tools liquid media and research of optoelectronic method for the determination of sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products. Specified automated integrated functions of the proposed new design optoelectronic sensor and the relevance of this method for the solution of the task of the modern oil, as well as the refining industry.


In the design of production lines the classical approach to the buffer allocation problem (BAP) is to use a search algorithm in association with an evaluative algorithm to obtain the mathematical optimum of the specified objective function. In practice, a choice has often to be made between which search algorithm to use for the efficient solution of the BAP. This paper gives results of a carefully selected set of experiments on short (K= number of stations = 3, 4,...,11 stations), medium length (K=12, 13,...,30 stations) and longer lines (K=40, 50, ...,100 stations) with small N (N=total number of buffer slots = K/2 if K is even; = (K-1)/2 if K is odd), medium N (N=K+1) and large N (N=2K) to evaluate the effectiveness of the following search algorithms: simulated annealing, genetic, Tabu search, myopic and complete enumeration (where possible). All the experiments were run on a readily available desktop PC with the following specifications: Windows XP Professional Version 2002 Service Pack 3, Pentium® Dual-Core CPU firstname.lastname@example.com GHz, 2,00GB RAM. The measures of performance used are computer time and closeness to the maximum throughput achieved.


Migration and the policy of admission of aliens into political communities is increasingly recognised as a key issue of both political agendas and academic debates. As a political issue, migration is at the centre of a controversy where the proponents of more open policies argue against tight border controls on grounds that are often composed of multiple components. Economic theses are frequently mixed with cultural, political, legal, or security arguments. Pragmatic approaches are often entangled with ideological stances, idealistic attitudes, or racist positions. All of this contributes to create a burning situation that not only heats political debates but sometimes also descends to the streets. As a theoretical issue, migration is equally controversial for it intersects a core node of political theory, namely the notion of citizenship. According to liberalism, individuals are entitled to a set of rights including the right to mobility, and yet this right is constrained by an equally recognised right to collective self-determination and national autonomy. This tension is more and more problematic in a world in which individual human rights are on the rise and state sovereignty is in decline in many respects – except for the issue of immigration.


We provide an error analysis of finite element methods for solving time-dependent Maxwell problem using Nedelec and Thomas-Raviart elements. We study the regularity of the solution and develop some new error estimates of Nedelec finite elements. As a result, the optimal L 2 -error bound for the semidiscrete scheme is obtained.


This paper discusses discrete_delay singular systems by using Lyapunov's method and estimates the size of the uniformly stable region and asymptotic stability region around zero for discrete_delay singular systems. When the initial disturbance is in the stability region, the solution of the initial value problem of discrete_delay singular systems is uniformly stable; when the initial disturbance is in the asymptotic stability region, the solution of the initial value problem of discrete_delay singular systems approaches zero. A numerical simulation is given to illustrate the application of the obtained approach.


A study of 485 specimens of Geostiba Thomson, 1858, 482 of which were collected during three field trips to West Georgia conducted in 2021, yielded eleven species, two of which are described and illustrated: Geostiba (Sibiota) brevifistula spec. nov. (Georgia: Kvemo Svaneti) and G. (S.) egrisica spec. nov. (Georgia: Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti). Both species belong to the G. bituberculata group. Geostiba (Geostiba) sororcula Assing, 2001, a species previously known only from Northeast Turkey and Armenia, is reported from Georgia for the first time. The distributions of five species are mapped. The Geostiba fauna of the Caucasus region sensu lato is now represented by a total of 50 species, 30 of which belong to the subgenus Sibiota Casey, 1906.
Taxonomic acts
Geostiba brevifistula spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C9599E3F-3AB0-4C10-980C-862F374E3EE8 Geostiba egrisica spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:267A9CC9-F7A1-4CED-8594-1CE8CF16C0E9


Objective : The objective of this work is to analyse the current articles that have studied the effects of a vegetarian diet on nutritional state in childhood and/or adolescence stage of life. The main purpose is to examine the relation between a vegetarian diet and intake of macro/micronutrients. Methods : A research was conducted on the search engine, PubMed to select a total number of 11 articles (2014–2022) that analysed this topic. Results : As three types of a vegetarian diet (Lacto-Ovo vegetarian, Vegan and Non-specified) were investigated in the selected articles, therefore, the results are also divided in three sections. The findings were similar in most of the studies. On the one hand, protein intake was on lower levels in the vegetarian groups. On the other hand, intakes of carbohydrates, fibre was on higher levels. The lipid intake differentiated in the type of fat as the vegetarian groups presented a lesser ingestion of saturated fats. The intake of different micronutrients presented only some minor differences. Conclusions : A vegetarian diet does not have any significant negative impact on the nutritional status of a child. A well-planned vegetarian diet that includes every food group in right proportion can be adequate for a child without any drawbacks.


Evidence for strong seasonality in the carbon storage and carbon use efficiency of an Amazonian forest' Global Change Biology, vol 20, no. 3, pp. 979-991. Publisher Rights Statement: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact email@example.com providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract The relative contribution of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration to seasonal changes in the net carbon flux of tropical forests remains poorly quantified by both modelling and field studies. We use data assimilation to combine nine ecological time series from an eastern Amazonian forest, with mass balance constraints from an ecosystem carbon cycle model. The resulting analysis quantifies, with uncertainty estimates, the seasonal changes in the net carbon flux of a tropical rainforest which experiences a pronounced dry season. We show that the carbon accumulation in this forest was four times greater in the dry season than in the wet season and that this was accompanied by a 5% increase in the carbon use efficiency. This seasonal response was caused by a dry season increase in gross primary productivity, in response to radiation and a similar magnitude decrease in heterotrophic respiration, in response to drying soils. The analysis also predicts increased carbon allocation to leaves and wood in the wet season, and greater allocation to fine roots in the dry season. This study demonstrates implementation of seasonal variations in parameters better enables models to simulate observed patterns in data. In particular, we highlight the necessity to simulate the seasonal patterns of heterotrophic respiration to accurately simulate the net carbon flux seasonal tropical forest.


The objective of the study is to analyse and compare the pre- and post-acquisitions financial performance of 50 Indian acquirers. The selected acquirers are publicly listed companies. The study has used the secondary data obtained from the financial statements. The M&A for acquiring firms become questionable if the financial performance of the acquirers does not improve in the long run. This research study analyses the financial performance of M&A deals in respect of the publicly listed Indian acquirers using accounting ratios at three different levels: all deals, manufacturing industry and service industry. The deals taken for this study constitute 85% of the value of the M&A market for the period chosen between 2010 to 2014. The financial analysis has been compared for three years pre-and-post the deal. The data has been obtained from companies' annual reports and online databases available in the public domain. The study leads to the conclusion that the acquirers failed to gain financially even after three years of the deal.


The article is devoted to the research of diary functions in the structure of E. Vodolazkin's novel «Aviator». The features of the manifestation of different types of consciousness, the relationship between the concept of the novel and the genre form of the diary are analyzed.


The introduction of new varieties or of new cultivation techniques should be preceded by thorough agronomic research and economic analysis. This preparation is particularly necessary in developing countries, where peasants are rightfully conservative. Because they often barely manage with the food they produce, they are little inclined to take risks. They may try new varieties or techniques if they do not involve much capital outlay, but they will quickly abandon the innovations if they appear no better than the older techniques or varieties. A rational approach to agricultural intensification in developing countries should start with precise characterization of plant performance not only in experimental plots but also in the peasants' fields. Once enough experimental data become available, these should be translated into continuous response functions, which are more convenient for analysis (Heady and Dillon). These production functions help establish optimum levels of application rates for various such inputs as seed density, manure fertilizer, and pesticide rates. Because of the variability of plant response, these optima should be defined with confidence limits, to permit evaluation of risks to the farmers. Ideally, these levels can be estimated for individual farmers according to their personal preferences and attitudes toward risk (Dillon; Anderson, Dillon, Hardaker). Dillon and Scandizzo


ABSTRACT Current consumers continuously demand safer and higher quality products in the global market. Essential oils derived from plants and spices have gained importance as natural replacers of compounds of synthetic origin. They provide clean labels that satisfy consumer trends and function to mitigate one of the main mechanisms of food deterioration: lipid oxidation. This work aims to present an overview of the sources, extraction methods, and studies assessing the antioxidant capacity of essential oils, emphasizing their applications in diverse food matrices. The review focuses on studies from 2010 to present towards providing recent information on the direct addition of these natural antioxidants in oils, meat, dairy products, and other foods.


This experience report is about a software process, designed with performance testing in mind, was used to create a mission critical integration layer. This report focuses on how the team carried out performance tests iteratively, how a large array of processes and techniques were employed to support a specialist performance test team, and how changes in management style were needed to support performance testing on an agile project.


Collaborative filtering is one of the most successful applications in the field of personalized service.The Web log can provide personalized service technology with important data resource.And the validity of collaborative filtering algorithm and the quality of personalized service will be improved as long as the effective preprocessing to log data has been done.On the foundation of dealing with material log data,it gives a structure figure and a method of data preprocessing based on collaborative filtering.This method can not only provide cleaner and more regular data source but also make up the defects of former interests measurement in the aspect of user's interests measurement,which provides a more precious sustainment for collaborative filtering algorithm.


Science and technology (S&T) museums are increasingly using new media technology in exhibits design and demonstration nowadays in China. Appropriate application of new media technology makes science communication more effective through improving the information distributing ability of exhibits, attracting visitors and intriguing visitors as well as enriching the ways of learning. However, in recent years, a trend of new media technology abuse in exhibitions of S&T museums led by the idea of "more new media technology superior science communication" has appeared ,which results in entertainment function exceeds education function, pollution of visiting environment and high cost. This paper discusses positive and negative effects of new media technology application in exhibitions of S&T museums, and explores the application management tactics, including some application principles and some valuation indicators.


It introduced that the secondary engineering design scale in Luxi sewage treatment plant was 1.5×104m3/d,the improved oxidation ditch sewage treatment process was adopted.With the first engineering as reference,the related engineering design experience was absorbed at the same time,the design parameters of every structure was optimized,which provided reference for relate engineering design.


Morphologically complex forms of calcium carbonate were produced within 24 h in unstirred mixtures of Ca(AOT)2 (AOT = bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) reverse micelles and carbonate-containing NaAOT microemulsions (w = 10). The structures form by controlled aggregation of surfactant-coated amorphous calcium carbonate primary particles, which resulted in micrometer-sized doughnut-shaped structures consisting of densely packed layers of platelike aragonite crystals. These superstructures were progressively in-filled to produce polycrystalline multilayered spindle-shaped particles several micrometers in length. Addition of the crystallization additive sodium polyphosphate at concentrations exceeding 1 g L-1 to the carbonate-containing NaAOT microemulsions inhibited aragonite crystallization, with the consequence that single crystals of calcite with bundlelike filamentous texture along with platelike vaterite single crystals were produced. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that AOT and polyphosphate ...


This paper focuses on the dearth of language-processing research addressing Spanish heritage speakers in assimilationist communities. First, we review key offline work on this population, and we then summarize the few psycholinguistic (online) studies that have already been carried out. In an attempt to encourage more such research, in the next section, we review the various techniques that psycholinguists commonly use in studies of language processing. We restrict our review to approaches that should be within the reach of most researchers. In our final section, we provide points of departure for further psycholinguistic investigations into this population. We do this in the hope that, one day, we may be able to determine with some degree of certainty the challenges that this population of Spanish speakers faces when processing their first language online, in real time. Introduction Since the end of the 19th century, psycholinguistics has contributed to our understanding of first language (L1) storage and processing, and, in the last thirty years, it has illuminated the study of bilingualism (see Garnham, Garrod, & Sanford, 2006 for a review of the history of psycholinguistics). The psycholinguistic literature on bilingualism is also quite comprehensive at this point, and it has greatly contributed to our knowledge on the matter (see Field, 2008; Kroll & Sunderman, 2003; and Schwartz & Kroll, 2006 for reviews of the existing literature). However, there is one population of bilinguals that very few researchers in psycholinguistics have addressed, namely, Spanish heritage speakers in assimilationist English communities. 1 This population essentially encompasses most Spanish-heritage speakers in the United States. 2 Unlike other early bilingual populations such as Catalan-Spanish speakers, for instance, these heritage speakers often do not reach the same level of linguistic ability in their two languages. 3 As a group they may also exhibit varying levels of proficiency in all or several skill areas (i.e., speaking, reading, writing, and listening). Usually, such heritage speakers are secondor thirdgeneration immigrants who grow up in monolingual Spanish or bilingual Spanish-English households (in which one or both parents speak Spanish). In these situations, they are exposed to Spanish or both English and Spanish since birth or before the age of 5, but receive most of or all their schooling in English. That is, the experiences of these speakers are different from those of their monolingual, late-, and balanced-bilingual peers on various levels, including sociolinguistic variables such as L1/minority status, the use of Spanish in the family, the age onset of L2 acquisition (or onset of bilingualism), L1 input availability, and L1 literacy. This unique situation often impedes them from attaining native-level abilities in their L1. As stated by Montrul in much of her work on heritage speakers (e.g., Montrul, 2002, 2004b, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Montrul & Bowles, 2009; Montrul, Foote, & Perpiñán, 2008), they share linguistic 2 Heritage Language Journal, 8(1) Spring, 2011 characteristics with not only their L1 monolingual counterparts because of their early onset of L1, but also with L2 learners because of their varying degrees of proficiency in Spanish


Many applications of solid state lasers in research, material processing and especially in micromachining and medicine require high brightness. Resonators for solid state lasers with phaseconjugate mirrors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) allow significant improvement of the beam quality up to theoretical diffraction limit at high average powers. We could demonstrate operation of a flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG laser with SBS mirror with an average output power of more than 30 W and TEMoo-mode. The beam diameter in the laser rod of 8 mm diameter was larger than 5 mm.


Individuals from diverse cultural, ethnic, and racial backgrounds are entering the work force at a rapid pace and in record numbers. These individuals will bring different values, languages, skills, attitudes, communication styles, and a host of other job-relevant factors to the workplace. Subsequently, organizations will be afforded the opportunity to implement training programs designed to extract productivity-enhancing synergies from these differences. In addition to assessing the preparedness of organizations to effectively manage a work force that is rapidly becoming more diverse, this article identifies some training programs that are perceived by personnel directors to be priorities for a diverse work force.


In this paper,the spores of Dryopteris crassirhizoma after three years of low-temperature storage were used as the experimental material,the influences of centrifugal,disinfection,culture media and light quality on spore germination were respectively studied.The results showed that centrifugal(≤14000r·min-1,≤30min) almost had no influence on spore germination;Sterilizing spore surface for 10-20min with 1% NaClO was the best sterile method;Modified Knop's medium was the best for spore germination;Spore could not germinate in dark,but the dark treatment could improve the regularity of spore germination;Red light could promote spore germinating about 1 day earlier than white light,but had no obvious influence on promoting spore germination rate.


* Acknowledgements *1. Introduction * Part 1: Science after 1900 *2. New Physics *3. New Sciences of Life *4. New Sciences of the Self * Part 2: Sciences in a World of Conflict *5. Science and the First World War *6. Crisis: Quantum Theories and Other Weimar Sciences *7. Science and Imperial Order *8. Expanding Universes: Private Wealth and American Science *9. Revolutions and Materialism *10. Nazi Science *11. Scaling Up, Scaling Down * Part 3: Second World War and Cold War *12. Science and the Second World War *13. Trials of Science in the Atomic Age *14. Cold War Spaces *15. Cold War Sciences (1): Sciences from the Working World of Atomic Projects *16. Cold War Sciences (2): Sciences from Information Systems * Part 4: Sciences of Our World *17. Transition: Sea Change in the Long Sixties *18. Networks *19. Connecting Ends * Part 5: Conclusions *20. Science in the Twentieth Century and Beyond


The plurality of the society and law leads to the plurality of the dispute-solving mechanism.In the early stage of the People's Republic of China,Mr.Dong Biwu brought up the idea of multifunctional dispute-solving mechanism based on the concept of serving the people,which was a combination of respecting both the traditional Chinese culture and the tradition,This mechanism is an inheritance of the traditional Chinese legal culture,attaches importance to the adversarial system,and integrates the principles of equality,participation and coordination,which sheds much light on the construction of a workable multifunctional dispute-solving mechanism in contemporary China.


(57) Abstract: Encoder at the transmitting system for quasi-periodic signal (12) transmits the above period from the period of the total number of single quasi-periodic signal in the form of encoded to the decoder (28). Lacking period of the quasi-periodic signal by the decoder (28) is reconstructed by interpolation. Signal segment in order to obtain an enhanced quality of the reconstructed signal it is transmitted as represented by two successive periods of the quasi-periodic signal. This signal segment is actually has a length of signal period according to While embodiments including two successive cycles, also a signal segment is determined by the weighted resulting sum of two consecutive periods.


A female and male of the new species Dermatophagoides siboney from Cuba are described. The mites were found in ali six samples of mattress dust examined from Havana and peninsula Zapata, constituting 3.2-40.1 % of total dust mite fauna.


Of 18 counter cloths in use at food service establishments, 6 gave "total" counts exceeding 1,000,000/4 inehes2, and only 5 had counts less than 10,000/4 inches2, Yeasts and molds were encountered in appreciable numbers from nearly all samples. Typical colonies of psychrotrophic bacteria, coliform bacteria, staphylococci, and enterococci were obtained from many samples, Microbiological condition of counter cloths did not correlate with inspection ratings or general level of housekeeping.


Objective: To i nd out the common syndrome types and the proportion of each syndrome types of type 2 diabetes mellitus and investigate the relationship between each syndrome type and objective indicators. Methods: Four hundred twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were surveyed with epidemiological questionnaire. Four hundred twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus could be concluded in 6 syndrome types according to and syndrome differentiation, and the syndromes, BMI, liver function, blood fat, blood glucose and so on were all observed and recorded. Results: The most common syndrome of 428 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin(246 cases, 61.7%). Each type of onset of TCM there were many differentiate ages, mostly hyperactivity jin injury early, medium and late, mostly yin and yang yin deficiency Syndrome and silt; duration of diabetes compared with the longest duration of yin and yang type; index compares fasting blood glucose(FBG) and postprandial glucose levels highest in wang; wang glycated hemoglobin(Hb A1c) the highest level; diabetic foot, diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) higher incidence of multiple syndromes have occurred. Conclusion: There is significant difference in the period of disease among differentiate syndrome types, and syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin is the most common syndrome. There is a certain correlation among type 2 diabetes mellitus, BMI, blood fat and liver function, and complications often occur in middle-late stage of diabetes.


Severe acute malnutrition remains a major killer of children under the age of five years and contributes to one million child deaths in the world each year. Until recently, the management of severe acute malnutrition has been restricted to centre-based care with limited coverage and impact. Community-based management of acute malnutrition involves timely detection of severe acute malnutrition in the community, and treatment of those without medical complications with ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) such as plumpynut at home. This study aimed to investigate the progress and the effectiveness of the CMAM project in Dhas implemented from July 2010 to December 2010 in addressing child malnutrition. A quantitative, descriptive survey was applied on 163 severely acute malnourished children aged 6-59 months admitted and treated in all health facilities in Dhas district from July 2010 to December 2010. The mean age at admission was 20 months, 35% (n=57) were below 12 months old, 57% (n=93) were below two years. About 98.2% (n=160) were new admissions. The reason for admission was low mid-upper arm circumference. The programme achieved the recovery rate of 69.9% and there were no mortalities. The recovery rate for malnutrition of admitted children was below the expected sphere standard. The defaulter rate was relatively high but there were no infant and child mortalities. The CMAM programme contributed to reduction of malnutrition and exceeded the expected outcomes.


ABSTRACT Background The world experienced challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in school closures across the globe in early 2020. Schools pivoted to remote delivery of learning using a variety of online and offline resources. PE is vital in providing motor development opportunities for children and it is essential to ensure that the provision of quality PE experiences is continued, even in the context of a pandemic. It was in this context that the PE at Home lessons were developed. Purpose This study examined teachers' and parents' experiences of using the PE at Home resource and contributes to documenting the PE home-learning experience and can inform how the education system might respond and incorporate remote teaching into the future. Methods A mixed-methods study utilising online surveys with 29 teachers and 173 parents/guardians and online interviews with five teachers, five parents and seven resource developers was undertaken. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed while qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach (Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. "Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology." Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101). Findings The PE at Home lessons had excellent viewership with over 27,000 Facebook and 937 website views. Three themes (i) ensuring the 'E' remained in PE; (ii) home-schooling and physical education; (ii) and context and relatability were developed from the data. While some parents demonstrated that their knowledge of PE was that it consisted of physical activity, other parents along with teachers and developers reflected on the educative component of the lessons. The PE at Home lessons provided teachers with a resource to share with parents to support parents home-school during Covid-19 school closures. An Irish resource featuring Irish children and aligned with the Irish curriculum was seen as a strength by both parents and teachers. Conclusion The PE at Home lessons address the teaching and learning of PE in multiple contexts, particularly in an online environment, and they can be used in multiple ways to promote learning.


Objective To explore the value of hemabate on breast-feeding success rate of parturient treated by hemabate.Methods 250 cases with intrapartum,postpartum hemorrhage were divided into two groups:treatment group(125 cases) was treated with hemabate and traditional therapy;control group(125 cases) with traditional therapy only.Results There were significant differences of postpartum serum PRL values between two groups,and there were significant differences of the milk secretion and breast-feeding success rates between two groups too.Conclusion Hemabate can avoid intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage,reduce puerperal complications,especially the uterus resection rate,with no negative effect on parturient


The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual setting in which the business models of social enterprises can be analyzed through value proposition, value creation and value capture. This study employed a method of qualitative research through in-depth interviews of 30 social entrepreneurships in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bandung and Bali. The result of the study showed that, in terms of the value proposition in business models of entrepreneurship, all organizations are established in response to discriminations suffered by marginal communities. Regarding the aspect of value capture, it seems to appear through a series of activities such as conducting humanity-based programs, capacity building and holding education and training on the environment. Value creation is found in cases where the more benefits the community gains from program implementation, the more successful and sustainable the social entrepreneurship will be. This research proposes a new type of business model that aims to categorize and explain business model innovations for sustainability, provides mechanisms to assist the innovation process for embedding sustainability in business models and defines a clear agenda for business models for sustainability. Based on the empiric data, this study successfully identified four types of social entrepreneur models in Indonesia which are based on the mapping results found in all of the organizations aiming to resolve social, economic, and environmental issues in Indonesia. This study successfully identified four types of business models: Mixed-based Model, Sharia-based Model, Volunteerism-based Model, and Cooperation-based Model.


Southampton docks on the South Coast of England. Later that month they were due to perform a central role in the Earl's Court exhibition Savage South Africa. Local reports claimed that 'among the effects were over 200 natives of South African tribes, a number of Boer families, representatives of the mounted police, and a number of animals' (Shephard 1986: 97). Early film footage, archived by the Colonial Film Project, shows the apparent moment when the groups disembarked. One reel shows a group of 'Zulu' men, clad in 'tribal dress' and clutching spears, performing a choreographed dance for the camera and bystanders (Colonial Film Project 2018). The film shows the group striking an imposing presence, with the merchant docks foggy in the background. Thirty seconds into the reel, a white man in a top hat and dark overcoat stumbles into the frame, stares at the troupe and then leads some of the men further forward towards the camera. This moment captures a significant imperial encounter. It represents the overlapping of colonial technologies – the camera lens, the white man's instruction, the coherence of the performance – all situated within the wider context of the imperial exhibition (see chapter 7 for more on this, and also Mitchell 2000: 7–13). The arrival of Savage South Africa in London tells us how empire was constantly remade not only in 'overseas' colonies but also in encounters within the urban metropole. London is constituted here as part of 'imperial terrain' (Burton 1998: 5) – the site of rebounding and contingent colonising processes (Lowe 2015). The event also stands as a particular encounter in the racialised 2


Abstract : The manual provides documentation of the Matrix Arithmetic Programming System (MAPS) run set up to obtain regional final demands using a given set of national final demands in combination with multiregional input-output (MRIO) regional data. The national final demand figures used may be output from any national model which distributes final demands to input-output sectors-the examples given in this paper use national figures obtained from the Demand Impact Transformation Table (DITT) system. Information concerning the DITT system can be found in REG-106, dated February 1970, titled Demand Impact Transformation Tables (DITT). (Author)


In the past few decades, withdrawal of groundwater and depletion of aquifers has increased; the aquifers have a negative balance in many plains and consequently, an endangering phenomenon called sinkholes have turned up. This phenomenon has created a concern for the people who lives in Abarkuh county watershed as well. This study attempts to investigate the factors most likely to cause a sinkhole event and evaluation of management strategies, by applying system dynamics approach. The results showed the verification of the model in simulating the groundwater level of the watershed. Moreover, the effects of crop pattern factor in the declining trend of groundwater level and increasing trend of depth of sinkhole event have been detected. In contrast, reducing the irrigation water demand, the withdrawal more than the requirement, and drinking water consumption, as management scenarios, demonstrated the most influence in order to prevent of sinkhole occurrence in the future, respectively.


A sample of 3783 11- to 16-year-old secondary school pupils completed the Astley-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Theistic Faith and the abbreviated form of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised together with information on personal religious practice (prayer), public religious practice (attendance) and religious identity (secular, Christian and Muslim). The data demonstrated that individual differences in religious affect are a complex function of personal factors (particularly age), contextual factors (self-identity as secular, Christian or Muslim), religious factors (particularly personal prayer), and personality factors (particularly psychoticism scores).


An array of evidence indicates that long‐term exposure to cocaine alters several components of the brain dopamine system. Because the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in mediating the reinforcing effects of cocaine, changes in dopamine function can have profound effects on drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior. The present study examined the effects of the chronic self‐administration of cocaine on the D1 family of dopamine receptors in the rhesus monkey. The brains of three rhesus monkeys that had intravenously self‐administered an average of 1.35 mg/kg cocaine per day for 18–22 months were compared to the brains of three cocaine‐naive controls. The in vitro quantitative autoradiographic technique was used to quantify binding densities of the D1 ligand [3H]SCH‐23390 on cryostat‐cut sections of fresh frozen tissue. In animals that self‐administered cocaine, the density of D1 binding was significantly lower in the regions of the striatum at the level where the nucleus accumbens is most fully developed. The shell of the NAc showed the largest difference with significantly lower D1 binding also detected in adjacent regions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. No differences were found in the rostral pole of the NAc or the dorsal striatum at that level. These findings suggest that chronic self‐administration of cocaine can modulate the density of dopamine D1 receptors in specific portions of the primate striatum. Such changes might underlie some of the behavioral consequences, like drug dependence and craving, of long‐term cocaine use. Synapse 28:1–9, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a constellation of symptoms that are caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality, ultimately resulting in reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intracardiac pressures. Despite the fact that many cardiovascular diseases end in HF, the condition too often fails to attract the awareness and emphasis it deserves. Worryingly, the mechanisms leading to HF are still not clearly defined. Therefore, research to decipher mechanisms of cardiac decompensation in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to identify new treatments is urgently needed.


Research on mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete indicates that epoxy asphalt concrete has many good properties including high strenat capability in low temperature condition and its strength is 7~8 times higher than that of ordinary epoxy asphalt or other type used for bridge deck surfacing material (such as stone matrix asphalt.guss asphalt concrete).The linear contraction ratio of epoxy asphalt concrete in each temperature zone is approximate equal to that of steel deck.So epoxy asphalt is more suifable as deck surfacing material.


One of the main objectives of our rese a rc h program is to produce s low and at the same time controlled release fertilizers us ing local and c h e a p c oating materials . A complex fertilizer 20:20:20 was coated with the emuls ified polymer (50% active material) polyvinyl acetate butyl acrylate. Four coating fertilizer ratios were examined name ly ; 0:100; 2.5 : 97.5 ; 5 : 95 and 7.5 : 92.5 . Dissolution rate and released N, P and K after soaking the fertilize r in d e ionized water for different periods up to 120 days under cons tant temperature (100°F i.e 37.8 °C) indicate the poss ibility of us ing such poly me r t o produce effective coatings for water soluble fertilizers . Coating thickness influences the release rate and longevity of the product. Cos ts of preparation are economically jus tified.


We study metric measure spaces that admit "thick" families of rectifiable curves or curve fragments, in the form of Alberti representations or curve families of positive modulus. We show that such spaces cannot be bi-Lipschitz embedded into any Euclidean space unless they admit some "infinitesimal splitting": their tangent spaces are bi-Lipschitz equivalent to product spaces of the form $Z\times \mathbb{R}^k$ for some $k\geq 1$. We also provide applications to conformal dimension and give new proofs of some previously known non-embedding results.


Part I: Figuring MethodFlora and Me: Collaboration and Combat in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of Southwest Alaska, Molly Lee Listening to Elders, Working with Youth: Changing Dimensions of Theory and Practice in Alaskan Arctic Research in the 21st Century, Carol Zane Jolles Participatory Anthropology in Nunavut, Michael Kral and Lori Idlout Time, Space, and Memory in Inuvialuit Narratives, Murielle Nagy Anthropology in an Era of Inuit Empowerment, Edmund (Ned) SearlesPart II: ReConfiguring Categories: CultureThe Pipeline to Citizenship: The Inuvialuit Land Claims Agreement and Economic Development and the Expectations of Indigenous Citizens, Pamela Stern "Showing" Traditions: Cultural Productions and Cultural Survival among the Iglulingmiut, Nancy Wachowich Culture as Narrative: Who is telling the Inuit Story?, Nelson Graburn six gestures, peter kulchyski The Ethical Injunction to Remember: Memory, Cultural Survival and Ethics in Nunavut, Lisa StevensonPart III: ReConfiguring Categories: PlaceInuit Place Names and Sense of Place, Beatrice Collignon Inuit Social Networks in an Urban Setting, Nobuhiro Kishigami Inuit Geographical Knowledge One Hundred Years Apart: Place Names in Tinijjuarvik [Cumberland Sound], Nunavut, Ludger Muller-Wille and Linna Weber Muller-Wille Iglu to Iglurjuag: The Anthropology of Colonialism in Culture, Home and History, Frank James Tester


and pressure measurements were obtained before giving the frusemide intravenously and the changes were followed over a six-hour period in 20 patients. Measurement of dead space-tidal volume ratio and venous admixture was made in 11 patients. Changes in gas exchange were correlated with change in cardiac output. Frusemide initially produced a large diuresis and a small but significant fall in arterial oxygen tension. This correlated with a fall in cardiac output and was associated with an increase in venous admixture. Four and six hours after frusemide, when the patients had a large negative fluid balance, there was no significant difference from pretreatment values in arterial oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, dead space-tidal volume ratio or venous admixture. It is suggested that frusemide does not cause a rapid reduction in the volume of pulmonary oedema, and that the changes observed acutely are not due to change in pulmonary oedema but to alteration in the haemodynamic state.


Air pollution is known to have many adverse effects, among which those on human health are considered the most important. Healthy people of all ages can be adversely affected by high levels of air pollutants. Nanoparticles can be considered among the most harmful of all pollutants as they can penetrate straight into the lungs and blood stream. Their role in the aging process has also recently been revealed. In Romania, practically in all important urban areas (Bucuresti, Iasi, Timisoara, Brasov, Baia Mare, etc.) the daily limit values for airborne particulate matter are exceeded, so more efforts in controlling air quality are required, along with more research and policies with positive impact on reducing the pollutants concentration in air. The approaches that have been developed to assess the air quality and health impacts of pollution sources are based on analytical methods such as source apportionment, factor analyses, and the measurement of source-relevant indicator compounds. The goal of the present...


This essay aims to develop the methodology of comparative constitutional law in a way that draws more comprehensively on world constitutional experience. It proceeds in two stages. The first part identifies key methodological challenges for comparative constitutional law, drawing on the literature of comparative law, while taking account of the distinctive character of constitutional law. The challenges examined here are the dichotomy between similarity and difference; the approach to the task of comparison; taxonomy; the impact of culture; and pluralism. The second part of the argument considers the impact on comparative constitutional method of the conditions in which Constitutions operate in the early 21st century, including internationalisation, globalisation and advances in information technology. This part of the essay aims to show that, while there are considerable contemporary pressures for convergence, with implications for comparative method, other forces foster difference and pluralism, creating new methodological challenges. The essay concludes with a series of propositions for the methodology of comparative constitutional law, as a platform for further research and dialogue.


Aim: A study was conducted to explore the characteristics of the videos on pediatric inguinal hernia repair on YouTube and compare the most popular videos (MPV) with the least popular ones in terms of educative value vis-a-vis their popularity. Materials and Methods: The term "Pediatric inguinal hernia repair" was searched for on YouTube on August 15, 2021, with the filter set to "view rate." Pertinent data were collected from the 50 MPV and the 50 least popular videos (LPV) and then compared. The h-index and affiliation of the surgeon were obtained from the Scopus database, and their affiliation was further categorized as academic or nonacademic. Results: One hundred and seventy-five videos were found with median views of MPV: LPV being 9270 (interquartile range [IQR] – 12099):127 (IQR – 194), respectively (P < 0.0001). Most of the videos in the MPV and LPV groups were uploaded from the United States of America (USA) (MPV – 17 and LPV – 13) and India (MPV – 15 and LPV – 15). The MPV were on YouTube for a median duration of 3.1 (IQR – 5.5) years as compared to 1.2 (IQR – 2.3) years for the LPV (P < 0.0001). Ninety-two surgeons were identified. The median h-index of the surgeons of MPV was 3 (IQR – 12) in comparison to 1 (IQR – 10) of LPV (P = 0.13). The ratio of academic versus nonacademic affiliation among MPV and LPV was almost equal in both the groups. Conclusions: On either end of the spectrum of popularity, the majority of the pediatric inguinal hernia videos on YouTube were surgical videos uploaded from the USA and India. The educative value of these videos was found to be low and widely dispersed. Surgeons from both academic and nonacademic affiliations had contributed similarly.