The development of technology has a good impact on all sciences including medicine. The use of modern technology in medicine reduces the incidence of serious medical errors; some diseases need to follow their symptoms for a long time to be discovered. There is a problem in tracking symptoms for patients at each time visiting the hospital where data cannot be saved and retrieved when needed. By using the cloud computing technology, all hospitals can be linked by the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model, which enables doctors to follow the patient's health throughout his life if he visits any hospital at any time. The program must be managed by the Ministry of Health, and working with this program should be imposed on all governmental and private hospitals. The program allows receptionists to create a special file for each patient by saving the basic information in a database and using national number as primary key. The doctor enters the symptoms, requests the tests and then the laboratory is responsible for adding tests results to the system, which then are sent to the doctor who will then decide the appropriate treatment. If the patient has other symptoms and visits another hospital, the new doctor can retrieve the patient's previous data. The achieved result of this program is that it facilitates the process of saving and retrieving patients' history from every hospital which leads to early detection and treatment of diseases before being serious, by this we reduce mortality due to error diagnosis.


The chrome spinellids from ores associated with basic formations differ from chromites found in ultrabasic formations by their higher content of alumina and iron, and by the presence of FeAl204. Chromites of early and late magmatic origin differ in composition. During the formation of late magmatic chromites the filtration effect is accompanied by recrystallization of primary magmatic dunites and generation of rims around the ore zones. These rims contain more magnesium, because iron was extracted by the crystallizing chrome spinellids. -- E. A. Alexandrov.


Without priori information, anomaly detector has more important utility compared with supervised target detection. Many classical anomaly detectors have obtained perfect performance in many situations. However, there still have two problems which are correlated with accuracy of anomaly detector. Firstly, clutter background induced more and more difficult pixel which have moderate statistical difference. Then, ideal uncontaminated subset of clutter background is hard to be obtain which is used to estimate background model. Secondly, difference of spectral content of different background objects will effect salience of anomaly targets. And it is arbitrary that uncertain pixels is nominated as non-anomalies by one threshold. For above two problems, a multi-aperture anomaly detector is proposed in this paper. Without selection of anomaly-free pixels and accurate statistical model, the proposed anomaly detector is expected to decrease false alarm rate with clutter background. A multi-aperture division for hyperspectral cube is conducted by iterative process. Statistical data of ever subaperture will be named as basis, which represent spectral characteristic of a certain range of spectral cube. Then, anomaly salience is proposed to measure the difference between pixels and sub-aperture basis. On the other hand, continuity of membership value based on fuzzy logical theory is more suitable to nominate difficulty pixels which has moderate anomaly salience. At last defuzzification ruler can be used to fuse different detection results from multi-aperture.


Effect of boron (B) addition and hot-deformation on microstructure of ferrite wasstudied using Ti-added interstitial free (IF) steels containing different amountof B. It wasclarified that bainitic ferrite having typically lath or plate morphology with high dislocation density can, be obtained also in plain IF steels by rapid cooiing from austenite region, Baddition largeiy affected the austenite-ferrite transformation and the amount of bainitic ferrite increased with increasing B content. Hot-deformation of austenite enhanced the transformation to polygonal or quasi-polygonal ferrite, resulting in decrease of bainitic ferrite. Interrupting compression tests indicated that enhanced transformation by hot-deformation is mainly due to grain refinement of austenite by recrystallization after hot-deformation. The cooling rate after hot-deformation produced the reversed effect of Bon grain size of polygonal or quasi-polygonal ferrite, Ferrite grain size slightly decreased with increasing Bcontent in the case of relatively large cooling rate. Whenthe materials were cooled slowly after hot-deformation, on the other hand, the ferrite grain size increased with increasing Bcontent. The coarse ferrite in B-bearing steels had fairly irregular shape of grain boundaries and inhomogeneousgrain size, which suggested the contribution of somewhatdiscontinuous grain growth. This coarsening of ferrite would be responsible for the previously reported fact that Baddition lowers Lankford value of cold-rolled and annealed IF steel sheets.


Objective To analyze the clinical and molecular epidemiology in children with measles in Shanghai and identify the clinical characteristics and the prevalent genotype of measles virus.Methods The clinical features of measles-such as ages of onset,crowds and epidemiological data were retrospectively analyzed in 39 children with measles from Nov.2005 to Jun.2006 in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.Results of blood routine test,liver function test and chest X-ray were also included.Sputum examinations were carried out on the ones who had bronchitis or bronchopneumonia.Throat swab specimen within 3 days of the onset of rashes were collected and were sent to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Shanghai to isolate measles virus,then the genotypes of the isolated viruses were determined subsequently in CDC of China.Results Twenty-nine cases out of the 39 children were from foreign provinces (74.36%).Among of them,24 cases were younger than (or as young as) 9 months old.Among the 39 cases,35 children had never been inoculated with measles vaccine,and to speak of the ones who were younger than 8 months,the ratio was 57.14%.Five cases out of the 39 children had contacted with measles sufferers.Clinical manifestation were fever,rashes,Koplik spots and catarrh.Twenty-three cases were co-infected with respiratory system and only 8 cases were identified as infection with bacteria or other viruses.The genotype of all analyzed measles viruses belongs to H1a.Conclusions There are also some changes in age groups and endemic distribution,such as younger age and more immigrants except for the typical clinical manifestation of fever,rashes,Koplik spots and catarrh.The predominant genotype is still H1a as in most parts of China.There is no evidence to demonstrate any relationship between the raised morbidity of measles and the genovariation of measles virus.


The article presents results of the five-year research (2007-2012) concerning with adaption characteristics of the first-year higher school students. The author compares characteristics of students with various levels of pre-university schooling. The research results may be implemented in development of the personalized approach to the training of students with different grounding.


Flocculant is necessary and various in water treatment. Inorganic and organic flocculants are widely used at present comparably. But with the increase of public concern for the environment and need for healthy water, the toxicity and refractory of the two referred above made everybody turn to green flocculant-biomass flocculant, which achieves the goal of no pollution emissions. I summarize the study progress of the biomass flocculant with higher application value to provide guidance for the theory research and engineering practice.


Abstract. Our time has been characterized by growing subjectivism— which is the view that there are no objectively provable moral standards and that each individual is the ultimate arbiter for himself of right and wrong. Alienation, purposelessness and violence are some of the manifestations that would seem to follow logically from such a view, and in fact they seem more prevalent now than ever. But subjectivism is invalid in that ethics (unlike aesthetics) is a rational process, and the standards of reason are therefore the standards of ethics. The ethical standard that is provable is equal rights: specifically, that every individual has a right to his life, liberty and property, limited only by the equal rights of others. This paper attempts to show that this follows directly from the true statement that we should treat things as they are.


In this paper, we will present a new type of smooth constant breadth curves with the help of the polar tangential coordinates (Minkowski's support function) for the closed convex curves in the plane.


Physical and chemical properties of high brightness waterborne metallic paint for automotive plastic interior were investigated. High brightness waterborne metallic paint with metallic flake made by physical vapor deposition showed good flop index, and polyacrylate resin with high glass transition temperature had better physical properties on long term reliability test. In according to painting conditions of this paint, flop index was highly influenced by humidity of paint booth and NV (Non Volatile) of the paint. High brightness waterborne metallic paint satisfied all of the reliability specifications in automotive interior.


The UK government wants school travel to be safer, healthier and more environmentally friendly-with more pupils walking and cycling. In addition in 2005, it published the 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper. One of the key aims of the paper was to improve school choice for all pupils. This is to be achieved by giving more choice to disadvantaged children; and promoting fair admissions in order to give parents access to a wider range of schools. Allowing parents to look further than their local catchment area school is likely to result in greater numbers of children traveling longer distances. Therefore, as this paper illustrates, if school choice is really to be open to all, school transport must be included as part of the tool kit promoting choice and targeted at those who need it most.


A model for performance and impedance of a partially flooded cathode catalyst layer (CCL) in a low-platinum proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is developed. The CCL is modeled by a system of cylindrical pores approximating real pore-size distribution in the electrode. The model includes oxygen transport along the pores and through the ionomer film covering Pt/C agglomerates. Part of the pore domain adjacent to the membrane is allowed to be flooded. Fitting of the model to experimental impedance spectra of a low-platinum PEM fuel cell shows 30-40% CCL flooding. Flooding effectively reduces the CCL volume available for current conversion, thereby lowering the limiting current density due to oxygen transport through the ionomer film.


The lower second premolar presents commonly, simply, with a single root, tapered and straight. However, different morphological aspects of this tooth root and canal are not uncommon occurrences may appear with bow root, double and can als with bifurcations in remote places to perform the complete cleaning and shaping, while also having the tooth inclination in the arcade one the factors of difficulty in performing coronary opening and the location of the canal.In this case, it is of a lower second premolar having three canals and two foramina opening where it was held, instrument ation and root canal filling. Therefore, the purpose of the authors of this study is to describe step by step the case report of the patient who possess the anatomical differentiation mentioned above, so that it may contribute to the elucidation of common questions among endodontists and general clinical to the subject


Summary The laser-scanning confocal microscope employed in conjunction with various specific agents and antibodies conjugated to fluorescent dyes reveals details of the actin scaffolding of developing oocytes and the nuclei of attendant cells. The employment of DNase I followed by anti-DNase I antibody has been particularly useful in revealing otherwise cryptic actin-containing structures. The cortical cytoskeleton of developing moth eggs was found to bind both poly (A)+RNA and RNA Pol II. Exposure to cytochalasin D disrupted the actin of the cortex, and at the same time caused redistribution of the proteins and RNA associated with the cytoskeleton. Cytochalasin also had dramatic effects on the structure of nuclei of nurse and follicle cells. Taken in context of the actin network in nuclei uncovered by DNase-anti-DNase treatment, these results suggest that actin plays a major structural and perhaps functional role in insect nuclei.


Introduction: Dispersion of labelled blood water is a recognised issue in the quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using arterial spin labelling (ASL). The ASL signal measured in the tissue is the result of labelled blood water, described by an arterial input function (AIF), undergoing exchange with the extra-vascular space [1]. Dispersion occurs during the transit of the blood along the arteries and is thus seen in the AIF. The most widely used standard model [1] does not account for flow dispersion, assuming a uniform transport of the bolus. A number of models for dispersion have been proposed [2, 3], however they have each only included a relatively simple description of the dispersive process. Recently a mass transport model (MTM) of the dispersion of a bolus of labelled blood within an artery has been presented [4]. Results using the MTM to quantify CBF indicated that neglecting dispersion could lead to up to 60% underestimation. However, it was not possible to verify the accuracy of the MTM to describe the effects of dispersion using conventional ASL measurements, since the tissue signal is a result of both AIF and local exchange kinetics. Here we sought to validate the MTM description of the effects of dispersion by examining data in which measurements of the AIF itself were available.


In deterministic approaches to modeling, two species are generally regarded as capable of coexistence if the model has a stable equilibrium with both species in positive numbers. Temporal environmental variability is assumed to reduce the likelihood of coexistence by keeping species abundances away from equilibrium. Here we present a contrasting view based on a model of competition for space among coral reef fishes, or any similarly territorial animals. The model has no stable equilibrium point with both species in positive abundance, yet both species persist in the system provided environmental variability in birth rates is sufficiently high. In general the higher the environmental variability the more likely it is that coexistence will occur. This conclusion is not affected by one species having a mean advantage over the other. Not all kinds of environmental variability necessarily lead to coexistence, however, for when the death rates of the two species are highly variable and negatively correlated, the extinction of one species, determined by chance, is likely to occur. The results in this paper are shown to depend on the nonlinearity of the dynamics of the system. This nonlinearity arises from the simple fact that the animals have overlapping generations. When applied to the coral reef fish setting, our analysis confirms the view that coexistence can occur in a system where space is allocated largely at random, provided environmental variability is sufficiently great (Sale 1977); but our explanations and predictions differ in detail with those of Sale.


Let D be a digraph with n vertices and let σ 1 ( D ) , σ 2 ( D ) , . . . , σ n ( D ) be the singular values of the adjacency matrix of D , where σ 1 ( D ) ≥ σ 2 ( D ) ≥ · · · ≥ σ n ( D ) . The spectral norm of D is σ 1 ( D ) . In this paper, we determine the orientations of graphs with the first three largest values of the spectral norm over the family of all orientations of bicyclic graphs with at least 12 vertices.


With increasing population the need of essential things has also increased so various raw materials are needed thus different industries are being setup. As the need of land has also increased industries are using outskirt of major cities like Jaipur, Gurgaon, and Alwar. RIICO is one of the largest industrial area in Jaipur it the largest Export-Park in Northern India. In our project wastewater was collected from various gutters of Sitapura and the sample water was characterized for their pollution characteristic. Results of the characterization analysis show that the total solids (TS), suspended solid (SS) and the dissolve solid (DS) were 5411, 3245 and 2166 mg/l respectively for the 1 st week of sample collection in month of October. These values are high in comparison to the values schedule by the Environmental Protection Rules 1989 for effluent discharge standard for the industrial waste water. The result of the analysis of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the sample waste water were 20-55 and 199-300 mg/l respectively. The analyzed result shows that the wastewater has high pollution potentials and so need to be treated before discharged to the environment. The conductivity of the sample water was found to be between 2846-3846 Scm-1 suggesting that the wastewater contain ions. The concentration of ions supports physicochemical method of coagulation and flocculation. Physiochemical methods may give a good alternative for the treatment of this wastewater. Physicochemical treatment of this wastewater yield substantial reduction in the solid concentration, BOD and COD, and so the treated effluent could be discharged safely into the environment without the fear of pollution. Waste water released can use after treatment for agricultural purpose.


There is no specialized alcohol addiction area in the brain; rather, alcohol acts on a wide range of excitatory and inhibitory nervous networks to modulate neurotransmitters actions by binding with and altering the function of specific proteins. With no hemato- encephalic barrier for alcohol, its actions are strongly related to the amount of intake. Heavy alcohol intake is associated with both structural and functional changes in the central nervous system with long-term neuronal adaptive changes contributing to the phenomena of tolerance and withdrawal. The effects of alcohol on the function of neuronal networks are heterogeneous. Because ethanol affects neural activity in some brain sites but is without effect in others, its actions are analyzed in terms of integrated connectivities in the functional circuitry of neuronal networks, which are of particular interest because of the cognitive interactions discussed in the manu- scripts contributing to this review. Recent molecular data are reviewed as a support for the other contributions dealing with cognitive disturbances related to alcohol acute and addicted consumption.


Introduction: Handover is of big value in preserving continuity of the medical services chain when managing patients. Simulation is well accepted as a good learning method to acquire non-technical skills. Actual studies dealing with this issue are performed on paramedics. Studies involving physicians are rare and usually focus on interviews or questionnaires describing practical situations. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of simulation in enhancing the quality of handover between both pre-hospital and intra-hospital physicians. Method: We conducted a prospective pre-test/post-test study in a regional Emergency Medical System (EMS) on the handover topic. We included voluntary physicians who signed participation consent. The study was designed as a three-step project: theoretical training with pre-test and post-test, 1st simulation session, 2nd simulation session with post-test. The two simulation sessions were evaluated according to a specific score. We evaluated the progression of knowledge (tests means) and skills (percentages of good answers): before and after theoretical training and before and after simulation sessions. Results: Sixteen EMS physicians were enrolled. Thirteen were under 40 years old and ten were emergency medicine physician specialists. Theoretical training made progression in means and percentage good answers (post-test 1 vs. pré-test : 9.5±3.3 vs 6.9±2 ; p=0.008 et 22 vs. 10% ; p=0,001 respectively). Progression of means after simulation was noticed (2nd session vs. 1st session) (16.3±0.9 vs. 12.3±2.5 ; p<0.001). Simulation enhanced significant quality of handover. Means and percentage of good answers in tests was better after simulation sessions (post-test 2 vs. post-test 1 vs. pre-test : 10.7±2.8 vs. 9.5±3.3 vs. 6.9±2 ; p=0.01 et 29% vs. 22% vs. 10% ; p<0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed the utility of simulation in enhancing handover between pre-hospital and intra-hospital physicians. Simulation as an active learning method, combined with theoretical training, can improve knowledge and enhance skills.


THz radiation allows for the controlled excitation of vibrational modes in molecules and crystals. We show that the circular motion of ions introduces a pseudoelectric field Ep ∼ ωd, which is proportional to the ionic displacement or rotation radius d and the vibration frequency ω squared. The pseudoelectric field causes a pseudoelectric field coupling ∼ Ep · r, a Rashba-like spin-orbit term ∼ Ep · (S × p), and a redshift correction ∼ p · (Ep · r) · p. While the displacement is in the order of a fraction of one Å in inorganic ionic crystals, it can be of several Å for torsional modes in molecules. Typical pseudoelectric field strengths are in the order of 10 . . . 100 Vcm−1. Potential boosting of the effect would make it a promising platform for vibration-based control of localized quantum states or chemical reaction barriers. Depending on the damping, the lifetime of the effect is much longer than the initial laser pulse width.


During opposition proceedings, the proprietor filed a main request that contained claims that were narrower in scope than the claims as granted. The opposition division revoked the patent and this main request became the main request in the proprietor's appeal. The main request was found by the EPO Board of Appeal to infringe Article 123(2) EPC as the narrower claims changed the meaning of the examples given in the description.


The issue of technology transfer is a problem that has always been faced by developing countries since the country directed its economic development by focusing on the industrial sector. However, to carry out this development most developing countries face several major obstacles in technology transfer such as funds, experts and technology itself. The main obstacle is in the patent licensing clause that requires the licensee to buy other products or services from the licensor. Actually this clause does not cause problems as long as the products and services of the licensor are indeed really needed for the interests of production from the licensee in Indonesia. The problem that might arise is if the licensee is required to buy other products or services from the licensor that are not actually needed by the licensee. So that it is not only detrimental to the licensee but also harms


Monte Carlo technique was extensively used to simulate various recrystallization stages. In this study, the effect of second phase particles is studied in presence of varied populations of low and high angle grain boundaries. Results show that a significant pinning effect can be responsible for an abnormal growth when varying the population of low angle grain boundaries.


The Galapagos Islands are a fragile ecosystem which belongs to Ecuador. About 26.000 people are located in four islands of the archipelago and 60% of the population is concentrated on Santa Cruz Island. Combined technologies are used for providing electricity such as thermal, photovoltaic and wind. The government of Ecuador is fostering the policy zero CO2 emissions within the islands. In order to achieve this objective, some initiatives are carried out like replacing the conventional vehicles by electrical ones and the gas stoves by induction ones. Taking into account this framework, it becomes vital to assess the impact of these new policies on the distribution network; for sure, this will change significantly the operation and control of Galapagos distribution grid. Hence, strong integration of distributed generation, electric vehicles, and induction cookers must be assessed at the low voltage level, where they are usually connected. This paper assesses the impact of all the new services on the low voltage network as well as the new electric demand due to natural population grow. Real field information has been used in the models presented


Molecular nanojets generated by sub-nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation have been observed under different conditions such as in glucose–water solutions with different viscosities and in salt-water solutions with different concentrations. Time-resolved shadowgraphy imaging of the molecular nanojets under the different conditions was performed. The molecular nanojets were ejected through the center of a cavitation bubble, which was generated by pulsed laser irradiation of the liquid. The speed and shape of the molecular nanojets and the size of the cavitation bubble changed markedly with the conditions. The speed of a molecular nanojet can be controlled by changing of the viscosity of the glucose–water solution and the concentration of the salt-water solution.


SummaryTwenty patients (males) with pulmonary surinfection on bronchitis or silicosis are included in this Prospective and controlled trial. Ten patients paired for age, weight and serum creatinine receive either Gentamicin or Tobramycin at similar maintenance dosage during ten consecutive days. The increase of serum creatinine after ten days of treatment is respectively of 12.4 ± 6.2 μ mole/1 (SD) Under Tobramycin and 44.2 ± 37.1 β mole/I Under Gentamicin (p<0.05). Urinary excretion of two tubular enzymes: N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and Alanine Amino Peptidase increases significantly and correlatedly (p<0.001 r = 0.89) from the first days of treatment in all patients, with however, large individual variations.Therefore, no significant difference between the two groups is found at each stage of therapy.In six patients receiving Tobramycin, urinary excretion of beta 2 microglobulin increases significantly from the fifth day although the threshold serum value for this protein is not reached.Our data sugge...


DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL ORIENTED VEHICLE MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO ADAPTIVE CONTROL ALLOCATION PROBLEMS Ozan Temiz M.S. in Mechanical Engineering Advisor: Melih Çakmakcı September 2018 Emerging vehicle control systems have increased the need for valid vehicle models. In this study, two controller oriented vehicle models are developed and linearized for easier controller design. These models are validated by using an advanced vehicle simulation commercial suite. Then by using these models, an adaptive, fault-tolerant control allocation method which simultaneously commands all traction and steering related actuators is developed. The proposed control scheme consists of a high level controller that creates a virtual control input vector and a low level control allocator that distributes the virtual control effort among redundant actuators. Virtual control input consists of desired forces and moments to ensure stability while following a given reference. Based on this virtual control input vector, the allocation module determines actuator inputs. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated via an object avoidance maneuver in various scenarios such as different velocities and effectiveness loss at actuators. Results show that the proposed approach can follow the references despite the loss of actuator effectiveness in the driving cycle.


THE author describes a relatively simple method of producing a highly active antihuman globulin serum in goats by means of a series of injections of whole human serum from group 0 donors. The serum was given in several courses of injections over about six months, intravenously at first, later intramuscularly. Instead of absorbing out antihuman heteroagglutinins she was able to dilute the serum in saline 40-50 times, at which stage antiglobulin activity was still ample while heteroagglutinins were inactive. With the dilution involved, this resulted in a yield of 8 to 10 liters of highly active antiglobulin serum per goat. The precise immunologic specificity of the serum is not given, but the author comments that precipiti$ tests, presumably by a gel technic, were donc, and revealed low titers against human protein She feels that the lack of parallelism betweei precipitin titer and activity in antiglobulin testing may be important in understanding the mechanism of the antiglobulin test.-D. W. H.


This paper provid the results of the survey of hepatics at Serra da Jiboia, remaining Atlantic Forest, Santa Teresinha Municipality, Bahia. Seventy especies were recorded belonging to 41 genera and 14 families: Aneuraceae (2), Bryopteridaceae (2), Calypogeiaceae (1), Cephaloziaceae (2), Geocalycaceae (2), Herbertaceae (1), Jubulaceae (4), Lejeuneaceae (37), Lepidoziaceae (4), Metzgeriaceae (2), Pallaviciniaceae (2), Plagiochilaceae (8), Radulaceae (2), Trichocoleaceae (1). The family Lejeuneaceae were represents for 52,9% of the species. Three substrates were colonized: living trunks (67%), trunks in decomposition (14%) and leaves (33%). Five growth-forms were found: mat (69%), thallose (9%), carpet (19%), pendent (3%) and turf (1%). The results are similar to these found in tropical rainforest lower montane and submontane.


The predictions made in this article show a 52 percent increase in oil prices between 1986 and 1989 and 138 percent increase between 1986 and 1995. Considering OPEC's weighted average price of $15 per barrel of oil at the time of these computations, these percentages amount to the following ''real'' price of oil by 1989 and 1995 (1986 dollar value): $22.80 by 1989 and $35.70 by 1995. One should note that even by 1995 real oil prices would be lower than what they were in 1980. However, in an extreme situation when a supply crisis is triggered off by a political event in the Middle East or elsewhere in the world, we could see skyrocketing prices in the spot market.


With the progress of silicon integration technologies, visual information processing architecture has greatly been changed and eventually it can be integrated into a compact and yet high performance integrated circuits. In other words, the image processor is no longer considered as a desktop size bulky equipment but rather as one chip information processing module where photodetector and processing circuits are integrated, which is the VLSI vision chip. This paper discusses the architecture of the VLSI vision chip and some examples of high-speed image processing application are shown.


Management of stored grain has become more challenging in recent years due to bumper crops, increasingly unpredictable weather conditions during the harvest and storage season combined with a shortage of the user


Introduction: Tonsil operations are among the most usual operations performed on children. The aim of this study is to establish how age, sex, body height, and weight affect the recovery of children after tonsillectomy.Methods: This study involved 66 children, girls and boys equally, between the ages of 4-9. The survey obtained seven questions about the factors that we have evaluated as significant for the postoperative recovery of children (fluid intake, food intake, sleep, daily activities, mood, communication, hospitalization) and was conducted by a nurse on the third, the seventh and the fifteenth postoperative day by a telephone inquiry. Results: Statistically significant difference between boys and girls was found during the seventh day (daily activities) and the fifteenth day (sleep). Pearson test of correlation established a statistically significant negative correlation in the group of all children with age/height/weight during the third, seventh, and fifteenth day for the consummation of liquid and food, sleep, daily activities, mood, and communication. Statistical significance was not established in relation to the hospitalization.Conclusion: We can conclude that, in our sample physically smaller thus, younger children recover better than the elder ones, which is statistically confirmed by a significant negative correlation between age, weight, height, and the observed parameters during the recovery. To a further extent, we concluded that girls recover slightly better than boys, but for most parameters the difference was not statistically significant.


(p. 103) The exceptional interest of this 4th century Roman coin find does not only lie in the outstanding quality of nearly all its pieces but especially in its composition. The more so, if we consider it in close connection with the other part of the treasure, the neckrings and bracelet.


On June 29, 2005, Valeo IP (www.valeoip.com) , an online copyright licensing service, announced on its Website and to its employees that it is shutting down it operations effective September 2, 2005. The move comes after a volatile spring which saw the company engaged in a bitter lawsuit with former partner DataDepth (www.datadepth.com) and the abrupt departure of its President.The departure of Valeo IP leaves a gap in the growing, but confusing business of licensing digital content. Both the growth and the confusion come from the increasing awareness of the need to manage copyrights and use of digital content, with uncertainty as to how copyright law applies to digital content.


Quantum mechanics is 'emergent' if a statistical treatment of large scale phenomena
in a locally deterministic theory requires the use of quantum operators.
These quantum operators may allow for symmetry transformations
that are not present in the underlying deterministic system. Such theories
allow for a natural explanation of the existence of gauge equivalence classes
(gauge orbits), including the equivalence classes generated by general coordinate
transformations. Thus, local gauge symmetries and general coordinate
invariance could be emergent symmetries, and this might lead to new alleys
towards understanding the flatness problem of the Universe. Presented at the 13th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology, PASCOS,
Imperial College, London, July 6, 2007


Crop production depends significantly on the pedoclimatic conditions. The evolution of climate may thus endanger not only yield (IPCC, 2007), but, more significantly, the sustainability of the cultivation of current varieties. Adaptation of current production systems may be feasible, but requires a timely evaluation of weather adaptation to climate evolution might be limited to improving crop and soil management or should involve replacement of varieties or species altogether. This study addressed this question by evaluating the adaptive capacity of a flat area of 22.000 ha "Destra Sele" (Campania Region, Southern Italy) where the main crops are is maize for livestock and fennel. Two climate scenarios have been considered at + 5 and + 30 years, generated by a regional climate model applied to Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. For each climate scenario the hydro-thermal regime of the soils of the selected study area has been calculated by means of a simulation model of the soil-water-atmosphere system (SWAP). Synthetic indicators of the regimes (e.g., crop water stress index, available water content, soil temperature) have been calculated and compared with the thermal and water requirements of a set of maize and fennel varieties, including the ones currently cultivated in the area. The hydrological model SWAP was applied to the representative soils of the entire area (20 soil units): their soil hydraulic properties were derived applying the pedo-transfer function HYPRES which reliability was tested and validated on three soils of the same area. Upper boundary conditions were derived from the regional climate scenarios. Unit gradient in soil water potential was set as lower boundary condition. Crop-specific input data and model parameters were estimated on the basis of literature and assumed to be generically representative of the species. This applies to Leaf Area Index (LAI), crop coefficient (Kc) and the root water uptake function parameters. From the comparison of model outputs with the variety-specific climate and water requirements of a number of maize varieties, some varieties proved to be adaptive to the predicted hydro-thermal regimes at +5 and +30 years for each soil unit considered. This approach is being applied to other crops and other production systems towards quantitative, realistic studies on the adaptation of agriculture to climate evolution.


The various kinds of research can be placed along a spectrum from experimentation to (ethnographic) fieldwork, in which each is characterized by particular degrees of risk and benefit?as well as potential wrongs?to the subjects. Because the previous DHEW regulations to protect human subjects were designed to control the abuses characteristic of some biom?dical research, they were fitted poorly to regulate those varieties of social research at the opposite end of the spectrum. The newly issued DHHS regulations are better tailored to some social research, but the discipline still is not prepared to contest arbitrary regulatory constraints, because of the lack of systematic, empirically-based knowledge of the ethical issues generated by its researches and because some of the leading paradigms leave no room for moral choice.


In this paper, the distribution and variation of light field with numbers of attracting fish lamp for squid were calcuated and its influence on the fishing performance of light pelagic trawl was analyzed. Then the lamplight intensity and overall arrangement were suitably equipped, the effective method of leading squid to pelagic trawl net was approached. The light pelagic trawl suited for deeper sea were designed based on the phototactic behavior of squid and the charateristic of pelagic trawl.An new flexible door for light pelagic trawl was successfully experimented. As a result, the better ecology and beneficial results were got.


Currently in various fields systems are widely used. With the increasing of visitors, the number of concurrent processes raise as System response. In order to ensure system stability for business support, this article analyses data management strategy, database design strategy, application server design strategy, web server design strategy, and implements the enhancing system performance.


This study presents data on woody plant species richness and diversity of an inaccessible dry forest of Tula Mountains Woodland (TMW) located in the northeast of Nigeria. TMW supports a minimally disturbed mosaic of dry forest‐woodland. We sampled woody species in 190 plots of size 0.01‐ha, spaced 50 m apart on series of line transects. We found a total of 133 woody species belonging to 88 genera and 39 families in 1.9 ha area sampled in total. Out of 133 species, 120 were identified to species level, and 113 were recorded as trees, shrubs and lianas with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 5 cm. Species accumulation curve was non‐asymptotic. Fisher's logseries model suggests that the plots sampled in the dry forest communities of TMW are represented by a high number of rare species. Of 120 identified species, 46 (38%) lacked evaluation on conservation status by IUCN. Out of 74 (62%) evaluated species, 2 were listed as critically endangered, 3 were vulnerable, and 69 were of least concern. In the TMW, 27% of woody species were restricted to Sudanian savannah biome, 61% occurred in Sudanian and Zambezian savannah biome. TMW serves as refugia for native plant species and plant communities in northeastern Nigeria.


The point of Agile Methodology is continuous improvement, delivering a small feature quickly without sacrificing the feature quality; every sprint must be better than the previous sprint, and better can be fewer bugs, faster development, and testing. We will present how we reduce production bugs by customizing our sprint iteration. As we know, bugs are unavoidable, there is no software engineer that can make software without a bug; however, we can reduce bugs in production if we can find bugs in lower environments as early as possible. The case study in this paper was taken from one of technology company in Indonesia, the activity was done by the Quality Engineer (QA) Team. We will show that shift-left testing can help us reduce bugs in production. Testing is part of agile methodology, and the main idea of shift-left testing is to move testing early and could be done by any team member, not only QA. We include shift-left testing in our agile methodology for one year in 2022 and compare the result in the previous year.


Recently, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) leads to a paradigm shift in recommendation tasks, which achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with traditional methods. In context-aware recommendations, context-aware models are capable of getting context information based on time. However, they fail to capture the static long-term interests or the higher-order features of users' information. Motivated by the high efficiency of modeling both context and sequence characteristics simultaneously, we proposed Time-aware Context and Feature Enhancement Neural Network (CAPNN) to integrate the time context features and high-order features within users' behavior sequences, which captures the long and short-term static interests of users. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in recommendation tasks.


We empirically show that adverse selection is a key determinant of banking market structure. Using newly-constructed panel data on all US bank branches over the 1981-2016 period, we study banks' decisions to expand or contract geographically. First, we show that banks are more likely to expand in counties that are similar, in terms of industry shares, to those in which they already have branches. Second, we show that banks are more likely to contract in more similar areas. These results are consistent with the theory that banks value diversification, but that informational barriers to entry prevent them from achieving optimal scale. These findings have implications for the assessment of banking competition and for the rise of fintech.


The concept of energy is one of the most abstract in physics. Indeed, many pieces of research have shown that learning the scientific concept of energy is very difficult and have pointed out the necessity of a progression throughout schooling, starting from preschool. In this work, we were interested in identifying representations by Moroccan learners of the 6th year of primary school related to the concept of energy. To do this, a written test was submitted to a sample of 228 learners. The written test results showed that the learners have erroneous representations related to the concept of energy, although they have already studied it in the lessons of scientific awakening. This prompted us to question the teaching practices of primary school teachers concerning the consideration and analysis of learners' representations when teaching the said concept. The questionnaire results sent to the teachers reveal that most of the teachers declare that they do not identify the learners' representations because of lack of time and consider that the analysis of the representations remains a difficult and sometimes complicated process. From the results of this research, teachers seem to be aware of the importance of taking learners' representations into account when constructing scientific concepts. However, they need supervision and training in order to accompany their learners in the process of evolving their representations towards representations that are closer to scientific explanations.


Background: Myocarditis and dilated Cardiomyopathy continues to be an important cause of hospital admission in our part of the world. Systemic embolism due to thrombi in left ventricle is a rare but important complication of these patients. Study objectives: To determine the incidence, course and outcome of thrombo-embolism in children with dilated dysfunctioning heart due to acute myocarditis or dilated Cardiomyopathy. Design: A 5 year analysis (December 1999- Nov 04) of all children under 16 years of age admitted and diagnosed as having myocarditis or dilated Cardiomyopathy in a single tertiary care center. Patients and Methods: The charts and echocardiography records of all patients with dilated dysfunctioning heart and systemic thrombo-embolism were reviewed. Data was reviewed for mode of presentation, age, hospital course and outcome. Echocardiography data was reviewed with special reference to the size, function and presence of thrombus in LV. Results: Of all admissions to the paediatric cardiology unit over the study period, myocarditis and dilated Cardiomyopathy was the underlying lesion in 405 patients. The mean age of patients was 2.1 ± 4 years. Systemic embolism was the presenting feature in 28 (6.9%) patients (Group A); while another 17 (4.2%) developed it during the hospital stay (Group B). Another 5 patients had thrombus in the LV but did not develop embolism. All 50 patients showed seriously impaired LV function with mean ejection fraction (EF) for those with vs. those without thrombo-embolism was 17.5 ± 5.5 vs. 20.0 ± 6.9 (p = 0.08). The groups were similar with respect to other baseline characteristics, co morbid illnesses, and drug therapies other than anticoagulants. In group A 26/28 patients presented with a stroke. Only 6 had a thrombus in LV at the time of admission. All 28 patients with or without LV thrombus were treated with heparin and then oral anticoagulant warfarin. There were two deaths. In group B, 3/17 patients had thrombus in the LV on echocardiography at presentation. They were started anticoagulation but still went on to develop a stroke. There were 2 deaths in this group as well. Conclusions: Myocarditis and dilated Cardiomyopathy is an important cause of hospital admission in our set up accounting for 15% of all admissions to a paediatric cardiology unit. These patients are at risk of developing thromboembolism, which may well be the presenting feature. The risk is higher in patients with lower ejection fraction of the LV. All patients with EF below 17% should be treated with prophylactic anticoagulation. A peripheral embolic event adds to morbidity and is related to poor long-term survival in this patient group.


Introduction: Homemade meals elaboration implies vitamins losses in different cooking procedures. Using reinforced food would cover nutrient recommendations during critical periods of life. The aim of this experimental pilot study was to evaluate the variation of ascorbic acid and retinol concentrations in reinforced meals with fortified cereals and to analyze their value as a feeding strategy. Materials and Methods: These vitamins were selected as indicators of lability in three recipes with different cooking procedures prepared at home under reproducible conditions. Retinol was analysed through HPLC and Ascorbic Acid by capillary electrophoresis in one sample and HPLC in others because of detection limit of each methods. Results: According to cooking method, Retinol increased its concentration in post-cooking samples due to water evaporation (14% among enriched) or reduced it due to temperature, pH or presence of oxygen by oven or direct cooking (5% and 22% respectively). Between cooked samples, reinforced sample presented an 18% - 20% increase versus non-enriched one. Cooking by conduction (frying pan) or oven (air convection currents) generated a partial loss (13% and 24% respectively) of ascorbic acid. The loss was total in direct fire firing and higher surface/volume ratio. Cooked reinforced samples showed a 90% increase when the vitamin was preserved. Final concentration variations were related to initial concentrations and cooking methods involving different forms of heat transfer and partial pressures of O2. Conclusions: Vitamins studied were shown to be unstable in meals after domestic cooking, although their loss is partial. Therefore, reinforcing preparations with fortified food products would be a useful strategy to cover micronutrients in critical situations, in food preparations with low nutritional density and different consistencies. Keywords: Food reinforced; retinol; ascorbic acid; cooking; stability.


Foursquare churches across the U.S. enjoyed commemorating the holidays with musical performances, pageants and live nativity scenes, but they didn't stop there—they reached out to their communities in creative ways, helping those in need and sharing the gospel. A special report from our exclusive post-holiday survey


INTRODUCTION: In 2015, 18.3 percent of the Austrian population were at risk of poverty and social exclusion - about 211,000 (20 percent) women aged 20–39 years were affected. International studies report that poverty may lead to an increased risk of complications and pathologies during pregnancy. Further, children who grow up in poverty often have poorer long-term health outcomes. METHODS: In order to identify recent guidelines (2011-2016) a comprehensive handsearch was conducted in the guideline databases National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) and Guidelines International Network (GIN). Moreover, a handsearch for systematic reviews and primary studies was conducted in PubMed. RESULTS: Two guidelines, the British National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guideline "Pregnancy and Complex Social Factors", as well as the Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council (AHMAC) Guideline "Antenatal Care", address socioeconomic disadvantages of women during antenatal care. The recommendation of the AHMAC is that pregnancy care should be offered to all pregnant women. In addition, an individual approach will help to pay particular attention to socioeconomic factors and to incorporate them in routine examinations. NICE recommends in its guideline, affected women should be supported in order to ensure adequate prenatal care. NICE also defines criteria which are used to identify pregnant women who are in greater need of support. The only identified study developed and tested a tool for the identification of patients affected by poverty. The authors of this Canadian pilot study concluded that the defined questions helped to identify socioeconomically disadvantaged persons during anamnesis without stigmatizing. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the proven link between poverty and health risks, special attention must be paid to socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant women. Research on non-stigmatizing instruments, which can identify vulnerable women, is of great importance. In addition to social policy measures, it is necessary to ensure that low-threshold services are available for socioeconomic disadvantaged women and their children.


Background: Vulvar complaints are usually an uncomfortable discussion not only for the patient but also for the health care provider. Vulva remains one of the most covered regions of the body and seems truly to be a forgotten pelvic organ.  Any genital lesion or related symptoms are erroneously considered to be sexually transmitted. Hence this study was conducted to emphasize on the fact that all genital lesions are not sexually transmitted.  Objective of the study was to determine the clinical pattern and relative frequency of non-venereal benign dermatoses of vulva in sexually active women at a tertiary health care centre. Methods: It was a prospective, observational study. All sexually active women attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Gynecology, who presented either with vulvar complaints or with vulvar dermatoses on routine clinical examination were included in the study. Women with six classical venereal diseases or with vulvar malignancies were excluded from the study. After detailed history & examination, results were tabulated and analysed by SPSS software. Results: A total of 70 sexually active women were observed. Majority of women were from rural background (54.28%), were housewives (81.42%) and were illiterate (42.85%). The commonest presenting feature was itching. Labia majora was the most common site of involvement and Tinea cruris was the most common dermatoses involved. Conclusions: All vulvar dermatoses are not sexually transmitted.


is essential when per-forming CWI for laparotomy. The analgesic effect of CWI in patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy has been satisfactory in our experience.


We consider the following statistical estimation problem: given a family F of real valued functions over some domain X and an i.i.d. sample drawn from an unknown distribution P over X, find h in F such that the expectation of h w.r.t. P is probably approximately equal to the supremum over expectations on members of F. This Expectation Maximization (EMX) problem captures many well studied learning problems; in fact, it is equivalent to Vapnik's general setting of learning.
Surprisingly, we show that the EMX learnability, as well as the learning rates of some basic class F, depend on the cardinality of the continuum and is therefore independent of the set theory ZFC axioms (that are widely accepted as a formalization of the notion of a mathematical proof).
We focus on the case where the functions in F are Boolean, which generalizes classification problems. We study the interaction between the statistical sample complexity of F and its combinatorial structure. We introduce a new version of sample compression schemes and show that it characterizes EMX learnability for a wide family of classes. However, we show that for the class of finite subsets of the real line, the existence of such compression schemes is independent of set theory. We conclude that the learnability of that class with respect to the family of probability distributions of countable support is independent of the set theory ZFC axioms.
We also explore the existence of a "VC-dimension-like" parameter that captures learnability in this setting. Our results imply that that there exist no "finitary" combinatorial parameter that characterizes EMX learnability in a way similar to the VC-dimension based characterization of binary valued classification problems.


The paper proposes an unsupervised classification method for peculiarities of flat finishing motion with an iron file, measured by a 3D stylus. The classified peculiarities are used to correct learner's finishing motions effectively for skill training. In the case of such skill training, the number of classes of peculiarity is unknown. A torus type Self-Organizing Maps(torus SOM) is effectively used to classify such unknown number of classes of peculiarity patterns. An automatic clustering method is applied to the torus SOM results based on cluster map value. Experimental results of the classification with measured data of an expert and sixteen learners show effectiveness of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the cluster map is also evaluated.


This special issue of YEAST was initiated to focus on fungal cell wall biosynthesis as a compendium to accompany the 3rd International Conference on Molecular Mechanisms of Fungal Cell Wall Biogenesis, which was held in Heidelberg, Germany, 31 August–5 September 2006. In the beautiful and historical city of Heidelberg, more than 100 international experts in the field of fungal cell wall biogenesis gathered and presented their newest results in talks and posters, which were followed by lively discussions throughout the meeting. A wide variety of topics on fungal cell wall biogenesis and structure were covered, such as biosynthesis and trafficking of cell wall components, including the regulatory mechanisms, different aspects of cell wall assembly and the fungal cell wall as a host–pathogen interface. In addition to the model yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a variety of other fungi were represented, ranging from the human pathogens Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus to the plant pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Naturally, a collection of original research articles to follow up such a meeting can only present a small fraction of the topics that were discussed. Nevertheless, we believe that this current issue reflects not only the wide variety of research interests dealing with fungal cell wall synthesis but also the broadening interest in fungi other than baker's yeast. In this context it should be noted that we intended to keep the appearance of the special issue as close as possible to the actual conference. Due to the resulting tight time schedule, a significant number of colleagues were unfortunately not able to participate. We would like to apologize for this inconvenience.


Cross inhibition between NK4 and TBX1 transcription factors specifies heart versus pharyngeal muscle fates by promoting the activation of tissue-specific regulators in distinct precursors within the cardiopharyngeal lineage of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis.


Lorimer, Jamie Mitchell, Don Guthman, Julie Wilted: Pathogens, Chemicals, and the Fragile Future of the Strawberry Industry. And to understand this, Julie focuses on the logics inherent in the commodity production (especially, of course, commodity production reliant on living things), the capital-labor relationship, the institutional imperatives governing the institutions of repair, political struggle, logics of path dependency, and more. Now the Pathogen Has Spoken: Commentary 1 I first encountered the ideas that Julie Guthman presents in I Wilted i in 2015, in a talk she gave at the Royal Geographical Society-Institute of British Geographers conference. As with the efforts that Guthman documents by Californian strawberry growers to brand novel plant pathogens as "Japanese", this COVID origin story links disease to foreign agents engaged in primitive practices. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Progress in Human Geography is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)


The title complex, (acetonitrile)(6,7-dicyanodipyrido[3,2-f;2,3-h]quinoxine)dinitrocobalt(II), [Co(NO3)2(C2H3N)(C16H6N6)], crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21. The CoII center is heptacoordinated by two N atoms of the pyridine moieties, four O atoms of two nitrate anions and one N atom of a CH3CN molecule. The crystal structure reveals that the CoN3O4 coordination sphere has a distorted pentagonal-bipyramid geometry.


This study argues the potential of Personal Learning Environments towards a participatory, a collaborative and in large extent a mobile learning era and presents a case study of deploying HOU2LEARN, a Personal Learning Environment within the Hellenic Open University. As part of the deployment, it is presented the process of choosing the appropriate software along with its installation and configuration. Furthermore, in order to ensure quality in user experience, HOU2LEARN goes through a usability evaluation. This evaluation identifies potential areas of improvement to attract more users and enhance their experience. Also in order to serve as a tool for university professors and high school teachers, an assessment method based on rubrics is deployed and available in the platform.


An energy-saving kiln comprises kiln furnaces, an exhaust fan, a chimney, an underground flue, a ground flue, gas nozzles, a flue flashboard, a blast blower joint, an underground flue flashboard, a hot air pipeline and a ground flue flashboard, wherein the kiln furnaces are connected in series through the underground flue and the ground flue; the gas nozzles are arranged on the kiln furnaces; the flue flashboard, the blast blower joint, the underground flue flashboard and the hot air pipeline are arranged on the underground flue; the exhaust fan and the chimney are arranged in the central position; and the ground flue flashboard are arranged on the ground flue. The residual heat of the energy-saving kiln is utilized sufficiently, so as to reduce energy source consumption, and save investment and operation and repair expense due to a metal preheater system removal. Because no kiln car is used, the energy-saving kiln can be used for calcining various mineral raw materials and calcium aluminate. Compared with a rotary kiln, the pollution of coal ash powder for products is removed, and various powder minerals can be conveyed to the kiln to be sintered after being shaped simply, so as to improve the utilization ratio of resources profitably. In addition, with the same capacity, the investment is reduced by about 50.


Optimizing injection placement and completion in multi-layered, heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs with long horizontal wells is a complex task that requires advanced measurement and modeling techniques. The proper placement of injectors is critical to ensure optimal transmissibility and facilitate pressure propagation within the reservoir. This task is however complicated by reservoir heterogeneity such as lateral discontinuity and geological barriers (e.g., faults and tight zones).
 Standard triple combo logging tools are commonly used to geosteer horizontal wells in homogeneous reservoirs. However, in the presence of complex clastic reservoirs, such tools alone are insufficient to optimize well placement. To overcome this limitation, a novel approach is proposed to optimize well placement and completion for water injectors in complex reservoirs with long horizontal wells using a combination of formation pressure while drilling (FPWD) measurement and 3D seismic data. FPWD provides in-situ critical information on reservoir pressure, quality, and connectivity in complex geological barriers when integrated with 3D seismic for optimal reservoir connectivity and injectivity. Specifically, 3D seismic data is used to identify subsurface structures, such as faults and tight zones, and their impact on reservoir fluid flow. These structures can then be considered when placing injectors to ensure optimal reservoir connectivity and pressure propagation.
 To test the efficacy of this approach, several critical wells in a challenging multi-layered heterogeneous reservoir were analyzed using FPWD coupled with 3D seismic data. The results demonstrate that the combination of these tools enabling optimized well placement and completion to maximize injectivity and pressure propagation. Moreover, the approach facilitates the identification of subsurface structures that may impede injectivity and allows for the implementation of mitigation measures.
 This paper represents a significant advancement in reservoir engineering and well placement techniques. By providing a more comprehensive understanding of reservoir properties and dynamics, it offers a new paradigm for optimizing injectivity, facilitating pressure propagation, and in turn maximizing oil recovery in complex reservoirs.


Dental amalgam continues to be an important restorative material; both fundamental and applied research should be encouraged. The criteria for replacement of amalgam restorations should be re-examined to determine if the integrity of the margins should continue to receive the dominant research interest. In the studies of mechanical properties, first attempts have been made to apply fracture mechanics analysis to dental amalgam. The heterogeneous structure and time-dependent strain of dental amalgam will have to be considered in future studies. More attention should be given to the effects of zinc, which has been shown to improve resistance to marginal fracture. The corrosion properties have been studied in depth, but there are some important unanswered questions. The pathways of corrosion attack in high-copper amalgams and the kinetics of attack in amalgams of different composition should be examined. Biocompatibility of dental amalgam has recently received renewed interest and will have to be examined in more detail. The clinical significance of the release of metallic elements from restorations is generally unknown. Dental amalgam faces strong competition from non-metallic restorative materials. Future research should be more strongly focused on the critical issues. The involvement of scientists from related disciplines should be encouraged, and no effort should be made to restrict the talent pool by a centralization of resources.


Preface Literacy Acquisition & Impairment in Young Children Motor Performance Differences in Pre-school Aged Boys & Girls Oral Impacts on Quality of Life in Pre-school Children Invented Spelling & Perspectives on Spelling Development: The Necessity of an Integrated Cognitive Model Squelching the Gift: Unwrapping the Developmental Milestones of the Gifted Pre-schoolers through Activity & Behaviour Analysis Assessment of Cognitive & Motor Development among Rural Head Start Pre-schoolers Assessment of Lung Function in Pre-school Children Relationship of Objective Measurement of Physical Activity & BMI in Pre-school Children Evaluation of a Whole-Class Token Economy to Manage Disruptive Behaviour in Pre-school Classrooms A Qualitative Comparison of Fruit & Vegetable Concepts & Knowledge between Pre-schoolers & their Primary Care Providers & Childcare Providers Index.


The invention discloses device and method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by gasifying biomass. The device mainly comprises a pyrolysis reactor, a combustion reactor, a gasification reactor, a gas-solid separator, a gas cooler and an exhaust heat boiler, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is arranged in the combustion reactor. In a process course, the biomass is firstly pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis reactor to generate pyrolysis gas and coke, the pyrolysis gas is directly combusted to provide heat for biomass pyrolysis and gasification, and the coke is subjected to gasification reaction with water vapor to obtain the hydrogen-rich gas. The device and method disclosed by the invention realize the separation of the pyrolysis process and coke gasification process of the biomass and can be used for displacing the hydrogen contained in the water vapor by sufficiently utilizing fixed carbon contained in the biomass. According to the device and method, the obtained hydrogen-rich gas mainly contains H2, CO2 and a small amount of CO, so that the conventionally gasified hydrogen-rich gas product is prevented from being mixed with low-carbon hydrocarbon gas and tar, and the subsequent decontamination and purification utilization are simple, convenient and economic.


The Bell inequality now provides the key link in a chain of reasoning that is accepted by a majority of physicists as a proof that it is impossible to construct any theory consistent with experimental results that does not violate locality. A substantial minority of physicists, however, suspect that this impossibility proof is flawed, as was von Neumann's famous 1932 proof of the impossibility of constructing a more complete theory such as de Broglie's and Bohm's, consistent with the then-known experimental results. This minority included J. S. Bell himself, who refuted von Neumann's proof in 1966 and who often expressed his continuing interest in the de Broglie pilot-wave model. Bell presented his doubts in these words:'


The composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in fly ash samples which were gathered from every district of Longyan City were analyzed using constant-energy synchronous fluorescence spectrometry technique.The differences of the contents of PAHs in fly ash samples from every district were compared.The changes of the PAHs of different seasons were discussed.Finally we analyzed the distribution of PAHs in Longyan and the sources of contamination.


In 1970s, manufacturing system performance was heavily depended on productivity. Manufacturers only concentrated on increasing productivity by increasing the number of workforce. The concept of flexibility began to introduce into the industry since 1990s, manufacturers realized that flexibility was a better solution to improve productivity by responding the changing environment in manufacturing system. However, limited researches on machine flexibility in ion plating (IP) industry were studied, most of them have focused on product development and quality of coating. The aim of this paper is to determine the optimal level of machine flexibility in an ion plating cell (IPC) to improve the entire system performance. A machine loading sequencing (MLS) model based on multi-objectives genetic algorithms (GA) was developed. In the case study, industrial data of a precious metal finishing company has been input into the proposed machine loading sequencing genetic algorithm (MLSGA) model. Different level of machine flexibility will be assigned into different machines to determine the optimum while the overall system performance (i.e. on-time delivery, quality of product and production cost) has been maximized. The results demonstrated that the machine flexibility level in IPC should be zero under the recent IP technology. However, when the quality of coating is improved, machine flexibility should be introduced.


Fadrozole hydrochloride (CGS‐16949A) belongs to the class of aromatase inhibitors that lowers circulating estrogen levels by inhibiting the conversion of androgens to estrogens, thereby causing tumor regression in patients with breast carcinoma.


This article analyzes some implications of migratory processes in the family world. Specifically, it investigates the division of reproductive labor into families where at least one of the parents returned to Colombia from Spain. The biographical method is used to examine the family organizational system before emigration and after the return. The results show changes, permanence, and resistance to the traditional division of labor, even though staying in Spain seems to have introduced some balance, after returning, the findings point to the provisional nature of some of these arrangements. The consolidation of female co-suppliers is evident, while men do not end up assuming their role in domestic chores. It is concluded that slowly and without contradictions, progress is being made in the transition process towards more democratic relations, where factors beyond migration combine withit to encourage the emerging processes of change.


This article aims to highlight the impact of strategic culture on Italian attitude to war and peace. The first section shows how both structural interpretations based on the influence of international variables and domestic models that neglect the cultural dimension offer no adequate explanations of Italy's military behaviour. The second section reviews the literature on strategic culture and its usefulness to explain the Italian case. The third section examines the characteristics of Italy's strategic culture through the period of the Republic, and the fourth examines the influence of ideational factors on its military behaviour abroad. In this section, a series of hypotheses derived from structural and cultural models are tested using data from the Correlates of War dataset. The conclusion provides a summary of the research findings that emerged from the empirical analysis.


Objective:To investigate the important influence of respiratory insufficiency on the mortality of heart diseases outside the pulmonary heart disease.Methods:137 patients died of heart diseases were retrospectively analyzed according to the oxygen saturaion of blood(SaO2%)and the relationship with the sequence of respiratory or heart arrest just before death.Results:96 of 137 patients died of heart diseases had respiratory insufficiency,among them respiratory arrest came first in 63 cases,heart arrest came first in 14 cases,and both at the same time in 19 cases.Among those without respiratory insufficiency,respiratory arrest came first in 9 cases,heart arrest came first in 24 cases,and both at the same time in 18 cases(x2 test,P0.05).Conclusion:Respiratory insufficiency is very important in patients with heart diseases.Improving respiratory function can significantly decrease the mortality of heart diseases.


The radiation impedance of membranes and plates of finite width, carrying traveling wave, is calculated. The method used leads to a relatively simple analytic expression. The problem of acoustic coupling of these strips with the fluid propagating medium is then examined.


Earlier it was said that Asthma is a disease which can never be cured completely. It is primarily a disease of the respiratory system and one of the most disconcerting of respiratory bug. Asthma affects 5-10% of the world's population or an estimated 23.4 million persons, including 7 million children and caused 461000 deaths. The prevalence of Asthma in India is about 30 million patients which is 3% of total population, with a prevalence of 2.4% in adults aged >15 years and about 27%children are asthmatic. There are more than 4,000 deaths occurred due to asthma each year. Not only standard medical treatment but now yoga is also a powerful weapon in defeating asthma. The healing and therapeutic aspects of yoga provide relief in asthma. This analysis furnished some data that yoga may be an effective method in management of asthma.


The EU's Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy sets the objective to support partner countries to promote, protect and fulfil children's rights and their best interests including the fight against child labour. The Plan has also a strong focus on business and human rights to promote social responsible behaviour in enterprises in line with the EU strategy on Corporate Social Responsibility. The EU also has dedicated Guidelines for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of the Child.


The initial-value problem for hyperbolic equation d2u(t)/dt2 +A(t)u(t) = f (t) (0 ≤ t ≤ T), u(0) = φ,u(0) = ψ in a Hilbert space H with the self-adjoint positive definite operators A(t) is considered. The second order of accuracy difference scheme for the approximately solving this initial-value problem is presented. The stability estimates for the solution of this difference scheme are established.


Court referrals to an introductory mediation session require the configuration of a panel of mediation professionals by judicial districts to provide immediate access to information both to the courts and to citizens. We present a proposal for the configuration of a panel of court mediators for use by judges referring cases to professional mediation according to the Guidelines of the General Council of the Judicial Branch.


[_Objective] Yunzhou Neigong strength of abdominal massage for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (irritable bowelsyndrome,IBS) treatment effects,and promote the clinical treatment of abdominal massage on the extensive use of IBS.[Method] 60 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group and control group 30 cases,the treatment group were shipped week of Yunzhou Neigong strength of abdominal massage therapy,traditional acupuncture control group.Treatment of two treatment groups,respectively,and were followed up for 3 months.[Results] The total effective rate was 93.3%, 66.7% in the control group,the two groups there was a significant difference (P 0.01).[Conclusion] Yun Zhou internal strength of abdominal massage for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome was more effective than traditional acupuncture group.


Nine cultivars of corn stover selected for ethanol potential were harvested (34 to 40% dry matter) and each ensiled with six treatments: untreated, lactic acid bacteria, cell-wall degrading enzymes, sulfuric acid, bacteria-enzyme combination and enzyme-acid combination. Ensiling was carried out in vacuum-sealed bags at ~22°C for 60 d. The untreated stovers ensiled well. Lactic acid bacteria and enzyme treatments had no effect on pH, but the bacteria-enzyme combination lowered pH in some cultivars. The acid and acid-enzyme treatments had low pH values ranging from 1.3 to 1.5. Lactic acid was generally highest in the bacteria-enzyme treatment whereas acetic acid was highest for the acid treatments. The acid treatments substantially reduced hemicellulose. Potential ethanol yield on average was highest in the bacteria-enzyme treatments.


score was higher in the VBL group [5.661.1 vs 4.361.4 points; P<0.001]. The same result was found in assessment of in-plane and out-of-plane approaches. Video-based learning decreased the rate of overshoot [40% (32/80) vs 61% (56/92), P1⁄40.05] and increased the rate of real-time ultrasound guidance [79% (63/80) vs 55% (51/92), P1⁄40.01] and that of immobility of the ultrasound probe during the procedure [90% (72/80) vs 73% (67/92), P1⁄40.01). The duration of the procedure was similar in the two groups. In multivariate analysis, which included variables such as residency experience, sex (male) and video-game skills, VBL was the only factor associated with success in all score items [regression coefficient (95% confidence interval): 1.17 (0.58 – 1.76), P<0.001] and with correct setting of depth, probe immobility, continuous ultrasound guidance, and absence of overshoot (Fig. 1). There are several possible explanations for these findings. First, students have a strong preference for new technologies, such as VBL, of which they have everyday experience in leisure and learning activities. Second, VBL allows multiple viewings and the possibility of breaking down the procedure to focus on key points. The video can be viewed step by step, according to the learning pace of the student. It can also be consulted on a smartphone at the bedside immediately before a procedure. This randomized comparative study showed that VBL is more effective than LBL for training in the procedural skills of ultrasound-guided CVC placement in anaesthesia and critical care residents. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of VBL in continuing medical education. Declaration of interest


While the role of the dental team in promoting smoking cessation is well described, the nuances of counselling on tobacco use in individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds are less well understood. Beliefs and cultural practices require consideration when discussing the benefits of stopping smoking, an important consideration in a country with the great ethnic diversity prevalent in the UK. This article discusses culturally related barriers to patients stopping smoking. Recommendations for members of the dental team to consider next time they have a conversation with a patient from an ethnic minority background regarding their smoking habits are presented. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article provides advice on how the dental team can help patients from ethnic minorities stop smoking.


Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the development of cardivascular disease (CVD). CKD is one of the major public health problems in Mexico. Derived parameters of lipid profile, namely atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), and Castelli risk index (CRI I and CRI II) are useful for predicting hypertension among CKD patients on hemodialysis that are not widely reported from Mexico. Objective of the present study was to find interrelationships among blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and derived parameters of lipid profile (AIP, AC, CRI-I, and CRI-II) among adult CKD patients on hemodialysis in a hospital in Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: An observational study was performed using the medical records (2016 and 2017) of 47 CKD patients on hemodialysis in the Regional High Speciality Hospital of Yucatan Peninsula (HRAEPY in Spanish acronym). Multiple linear regression models were developed to evaluate the use of FPG level and derived parameters of lipid profile (AC, CRI-I, and CRI-II) as risk factors predicting mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results showed remarkable prevalence of excess weight (55% overweight, 15% obesity) and hypertension (64%) in the sample. Correlation coeffcients and multiple linear regression models showed significant rise of blood pressure in association with elevated FPG level and derived lipid profile parameters. The results confirm the use of FPG, AC, CRI-I and CRI-II as the indicators for an early diagnosis of hypertension and related CVDs among CKD patients on hemodialysis.


It is found that treatment of bromopyridines of type (I) with (Tms)3SiH and the nitrile ACN allows selective access to 3-aryl-2-aminopyridines via radical ipso substitution.


Blacks have historically shown inferior outcomes after kidney transplantation, with more acute rejection (AR) and shorter allograft survival compared with nonblacks ([1][1],[2][2]). Reasons for inferior survival have been well delineated and include socioeconomic factors ([3][3]), delays in


It is true that the commonly-used P2P searching and spreading algorithm occupies a large bandwidth so that the smooth flow of information is hindered.In this paper,based on the rumor spreading algorithm, combining with the core thinking of interest mining technology,a searching algorithm has been introduced, which has both the advantage of low range of bandwidth and the advantage of strong directing orientation. Furthermore,the algorithm has been simulated,tested,demonstrated and evaluated.


Sustainable Well-Being is broadly defined as the exploration of lasting happiness. It highlights the importance of a sustainable lifestyle that is environmentally friendly and socially advantageous. It requires us to pursue well-being in a much more holistic way and within the planetary boundaries. Towards the end of the last millennium, the word 'sustainability' was, and still is, the most used phrase with regards to all aspects of our livelihood, and even more so in the built environment field. This was when we understood that progress and environmental conservation are symbiotic – one is supposedly benefiting the other. Wellbeing, on the other hand, carries the notion of happiness, healthy and comfortable. Wellbeing has long been a much researched areas, although mainly in the sociological and psychological domains. Of late, it has increasingly becoming an important agenda in the built environment field as well. Acknowledging the importance of built environment in the pursuit of long lasting happiness, this issue of the Planning Malaysia Journal carries the theme of 'Sustainable Well-Being in Architecture and Environmental Sciences'. This issue focuses on the design and building of living place which are harmonious and in sync with the environment needs and conservation. The contributions to the study of environmental sciences have come from diverse fields including architecture, town planning, transportation, engineering, legal matters, community development and psychology, and housing. Despite the diversity, each of the fields cannot be viewed as separate entities since they interweave in the broad framework of sustainable well-being. A broader yet explicit understanding of sustainable well-being from diverse research contexts would lead to better decisions, especially in the built environment designs and solutions. Finally, we believe that this issue of Planning Malaysia, can become the platform for experts and researchers to discuss on how sustainable well-being in the built environment can be realized. It is also hoped that the articles in this issue would be useful references for future studies related to the built environment and sustainable well-being.


The Third International Workshop on Overlay Architectures for FPGAs (OLAF) is held in Monterey, California, USA, on Feburary 22, 2017 and co-located with FPGA 2017: The 25th ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays. The main objective of the workshop is to address how overlay architectures can help address the challenges and opportunites provided by FPGA-based recon gurable computing. The workshop provides a venue for researchers to present and discuss the latest developments in FPGA overlay architecture and related areas. We have assembled a program of six refereed papers with panel discussions with prominent experts in the field.


Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) epidemics in Spain caused decline and death of trees propagated on sour orange rootstock. This situation forced progressive replacement of sour orange by tristeza-tolerant rootstocks, mainly citranges and Cleopatra mandarin. However, problems encountered with these rootstocks in soils with high salinity or lime content recently triggered the use of alemow. This rootstock has good tolerance to both abiotic stresses and induces early bearing, high productivity and excellent fruit size, particularly in mandarins, but it is sensitive to CTV stem pitting. Inoculation of alemow seedlings in the greenhouse showed that CTV isolate T385 induced very mild symptoms whereas isolates T402 and T405 induced stem pitting and stunting. Groups of nine CTV-free plants of Nova mandarin propagated on alemow rootstock were planted in a field plot covered with an insect-proof screenhouse to avoid aphid-inoculation with uncontrolled CTV sources. One group was left as non-inoculated control and the others were graft-inoculated with isolates T385, T402 or T405 at planting time, or after 1, 2 or 3 yr. Five years after planting, plants inoculated with T385 were similar in size to the non-inoculated controls, whereas plants inoculated with T402 or T405 showed average growth reductions that ranged from 19.2 to 33.7% in height, from 8.6 to 31.6% in trunk circumference, and from 39.9 to 62.2% in canopy volume. Size reduction was generally more important in early than in late infections. These results suggest that: i) in areas with high inoculum pressure and moderate to severe CTV strains, plantings on alemow rootstock may grow poorly, and ii) nursery plants on this rootstock should be produced under plastic houses with strict aphid control. In 1959 Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) became epidemic in Spain and since then it has caused decline and death of more than 40 million trees propagated on sour orange rootstock (5). This situation forced progressive replacement of sour orange by tristeza-tolerant rootstocks, mainly citranges and Cleopatra mandarin (6, 7). Presently, more than 90% of the Spanish citrus industry comes from certified pathogen-free budwood propagated on those tolerant rootstocks (13). However, the new rootstocks are not as tolerant to pathogens and abiotic stresses as sour orange was. Particularly, citranges do not perform well in heavy soils and are sensitive to high lime or salt content and also to soil fungi ( Phytophthora spp. and Armillaria mellea ), and Cleopatra mandarin induces slow bearing and is also sensitive to soil-borne fungi. These problems associated with the new rootstocks recently have triggered the use of alemow as an alternative rootstock. This rootstock shows good tolerance to high lime and salinity and induces early bearing, high productivity and excellent fruit size, particularly in mandarins, but it is sensitive to CTV stem pitting (6, 16). In 2003-2004, about 14% of the 4.5 million citrus plants produced by authorized citrus nurseries were propagated on alemow. The philosophy behind the increasing use of this CTV-sensitive rootstock is that, even if citrus trees are severely affected by the virus and have to be replanted after 12-15 yr, the high economic returns derived from early bearing (fruit set usually starts the second or third year after planting), heavy fruit set, and marketable fruit size, would pay back the investment. However, available Sixteenth IOCV Conference, 2005—Citrus Tristeza Virus 95 data on field performance of trees propagated on alemow under high CTV pressure are scarce and essentially restricted to lemons (2, 3). Also, since experiments were performed in the open field, the characteristics of the CTV isolates infecting different plants could not be controlled. Here we have compared the effects of three CTV isolates of known pathogenicity characteristics on plants propagated on alemow rootstock, grown in an insect-proof screenhouse and graft-inoculated at different plant ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus isolates and inoculations. The CTV isolates T385, T402 and T405 used in this study belong to the IVIA collection and were obtained from infected field trees in Orihuela, Alicante (T385) (12), or from the Ribera Alta del Júcar area in Valencia (T402 and T405) (10). They were aphid transmitted to free them from other graft transmissible pathogens and are maintained in an insect proof screenhouse. Isolate T385 is asymptomatic in most host species and only causes faint vein clearing in Mexican lime, and T402 and T405 cause moderate vein clearing, stem pitting and stunting in Mexican lime and alemow, but not seedling yellows or stem pitting in grapefruit or sweet orange. Ninety-nine buds of Nova mandarin were propagated on alemow seedlings grown in the greenhouse and transplanted 10 months later to a field plot completely covered with an insect-proof screen, carefully sealed and provided with double doors to avoid insect entry. The plants were arranged in nine rows separated by 4.25 m, with trees planted 3.40 m apart within each row. The following 11 treatments were used: 1-2) inoculation with isolates T385 or T405 at year 0 (3 mo before planting in the field), 3-8) inoculation with isolates T385, T402 or T405 at years 1 or 2 after planting, 9-10) inoculation with T385 or T405 at year 3 after planting, and 11) non-inoculated control. CTV infection was checked by direct tissue print ELISA (8) using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies 3DF1 and 3CA5 (4, 17). Each treatment was composed of nine plants, one in each row. Fertilizer was applied by a drip system and pests, particularly aphids, were strictly controlled by careful inspection of individual plants twice a week and spraying with insecticides when necessary. Growth measurement. Plant growth was evaluated by measuring trunk circumference, tree height and canopy volume. Trunk circumference was the average of two measurements taken with a metric tape 5 cm above and below the bud union. Tree height and canopy diameter were measured with a 3 m-long telescopic rule, the latter value being the average of two perpendicular measurements along and across rows. The canopy volume was estimated assuming that tree shape could be assimilated to a cylinder plus a semi-sphere and using the formula: V = 0.7854 × D2 × (H – 0.1667 × D) where V = the estimated canopy volume, D = mean canopy diameter and H = tree height (1). For each parameter and treatment, data were averaged and expressed as the mean value and as the percentage relative to the mean value obtained for the corresponding parameter in the control treatment. Statistical analyses. Data were subjected to three different statistical analyses. First, considering all 11 treatments, a one-way analysis of variance followed by a comparison with the control using the Dunnett test was conducted. Then, disregarding the control, the remaining 10 treatments were considered as a two factor (three isolates and 4 yr) factorial design with two missing cells. One analysis had all three isolates 96 Sixteenth IOCV Conference, 2005—Citrus Tristeza Virus but only years 1 and 2, and another analysis included all years for the T385 and T405 isolates. Given that, in some cases, the isolate by year interaction was significant, the analysis within isolates and within years was also calculated. Contrast among years was obtained by comparing successive years.


We studied the mathematical relations between species abundance distributions (SADs) and species-area relationships (SARs) and found that a power-law SAR can be generally derived from a power-law SAD without a special assumption such as the "canonical hypothesis". In the present analysis, an SAR-exponent is obtained as a function of an SAD-exponent for a finite number of species. We also studied the inverse problem, from SARs to SADs, and found that a power-SAD can be derived from a power-SAR under the condition that the functional form of the corresponding SAD is invariant for changes in the number of species. We also discuss general relationships among lognormal SADs, the broken-stick model (exponential SADs), linear SARs and logarithmic SARs. These results suggest the existence of a common mechanism for SADs and SARs, which could prove a useful tool for theoretical and experimental studies on biodiversity and species coexistence.


Background: Functional respiratory imaging (FRI) is a computational fluid dynamics-based technique using three-dimensional models of human lungs and formulation profiles to simulate aerosol deposition. Methods: FRI was used to evaluate lung deposition of extrafine beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP)/formoterol fumarate (FF)/glycopyrronium bromide (GB) and extrafine BDP/FF delivered through pressurized metered dose inhalers and to compare results with reference gamma scintigraphy data. FRI combined high-resolution computed tomography scans of 20 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second 42% predicted) with in silico computational flow simulations, and incorporated drug delivery parameters to calculate aerosol airway deposition. Inhalation was simulated using profiles obtained from real-life measurements. Results: Total lung deposition (proportion deposited in intrathoracic region) was similarly high for both products, with mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of 31.0% ± 5.7% and 28.1% ± 5.2% (relative to nominal dose) for BDP/FF/GB and BDP/FF, respectively. Pairwise comparison of the deposition of BDP and FF gave a mean intrathoracic BDP/FF/GB:BDP/FF deposition ratio of 1.10 (p = 0.0405). Mean intrathoracic, central and peripheral deposition ratios for BDP were 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.14), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.96), and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.15–1.26), respectively, and for FF were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07–1.15), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91–0.98), and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.15–1.27), within the bioequivalence range (0.80–1.25) for intrathoracic and central regions, and slightly exceeding the upper boundary in the peripheral region. Mean ± SD central:peripheral deposition (C:P) was 0.48 ± 0.13 for BDP/FF/GB and 0.62 ± 0.17 for BDP/FF, indicating a higher proportion of drug deposition in the small airways than in the large airways. Conclusion: FRI demonstrated similar deposition patterns for extrafine BDP/FF/GB and BDP/FF, with both having a high lung deposition. Moreover, the deposition patterns of BDP and FF were similar in both products. Furthermore, the C:P ratios of both products indicated a high peripheral deposition, supporting small airway targeting and delivery of these two extrafine fixed combinations, with a small difference in ratios potentially due to mass median aerodynamic diameters.


With the advent of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) a new dimension was opened to the micropaleontologist. At its maximum useful magnification of 50,000 diameters, the SEM offers a depth of field of about 10 µ and a resolution of about 200 A, whereas the optical light microscope, at its maximum useful magnification of 1,300 diameters, offers a depth of field of about 0.5 µ and a resolution of about 2,00 A. Inasmuch as the classification of diatoms and silicoflagellates is based on the general and detailed characters observed with the light microscope, the use of the SEM must be viewed as an extension of the facilities offered by the light microscope. Ten species of diatoms and silicoflagellates from Miocene rocks, exposed at Newport Beach, California, have been studied with the light microscope and the scanning electron microscope. A comparison of the micrographs of the identical species taken with the two instruments clearly demonstrates the ability of the SEM to provide a more detailed description of taxa, a more precise circumscription of taxa, a separation of closely allied taxa, and a verification of many varieties of taxa. End_of_Article - Last_Page 558------------


Molecular dynamics simulations on the melting and crystallization processes of a single polymer chain consisting of 300 CH2 units were performed. Melting point was determined to be 620 K – the temperature at which a chain changed its shape from a folded structure to an unfolded-globular structure. On the crystallization process, simulations were performed at a low temperature (300 K), about half the melting temperature and at a high temperature (600 K), slightly below the melting temperature. At both temperatures, folded structures were obtained and sliding movements of a chain were observed during the crystallization process. At the large supercooling temperature, that is 300 K, the folding length of the crystal varied with each crystallization run and the total potential energies of the structures were found to be trapped in local minima. Refolding to the most stable structure was not observed. At the small supercooling temperature, that is 600 K, the size of folding length again varied with each crystallization run, but its deviation was much less than at 300 K. Total potential energies of the final folded structures at 600 K were all equivalent and assigned to a global minima. During the run at 600 K, refolding events to other folded structures which had a different number of stems and equivalent total potential energy were sometimes observed.