In this study a mechanism which produced flapping and pitching motions was designed and fabricated. These motions were produced by using a single electric motor and by exploiting flexible structures. The aerodynamic forces generated by flexible membrane type wings were measured using a two degree of freedom force balance constructed during the course of these experiments which measured the aerodynamic forces of lift and thrust. Lift and thrust measurements were acquired as the mechanism flapped the flexible wings in nine cases, and the two most interesting conditions were explored in more detail. These two conditions consisted of a zero velocity free stream condition and a forward flight condition of 5 m/s. For these two conditions, high-speed video of the flapping wing was taken. The images from the video were also correlated with cycle averaged aerodynamic forces produced by the mechanism. Several observations were made regarding the behavior of flexible flapping wings that should aid in the design of future flexible flapping wing vehicles.


The change of temperature field is one of the significant factors influencing the performance of DC motor.Takes a permanent magnet brushless DC motor for electric bicycle as an example to analyse and caculate the temperatue field on the basis of the models of the whole motor and stator both,on the application of finite element method.This research demonstrates the accuray of 3D temperature field model.By comparing the test and the caculation results of the stator and the whole motor models,the passage proves whethor or not it meets the demand of this project.It also compares the precision difference between stator and whole motor model.


Nonprofit, for-profit, and public organizations all make strategic decisions to maximize value capture, but differ starkly in their objectives and thus concepts of value. We argue that an understanding of how these organization types conceptualize value differently is critical to predicting their strategic behavior and responses to policy changes. We examine one type of strategic behavior that represents an opportunity to capture value – strategic misrepresentation of information – in the liver transplant market, a setting in which all three organization types co-exist and perform the same basic activities. We leverage a policy change in 2002 that enables us to identify strategic misrepresentation of information. Contrary to the commonly- held notion that for-profit firms should behave less ethically and be more likely to strategically misrepresent information than nonprofit and firms, we find that all organization types strategically manipulate information when doing so is in accordance with their (disti...


Nutrients are essential to optimising plant growth. However, the introduction of fertiliser in a hydroponics setup influences the pH level of the nutrient solution. This, in turn, could affect plants' growth as many types of plants require a specific pH range to grow optimally. Conventional hydroponics cultivation performs pH adjustment manually – a meticulous and error-prone process. Manual adjustment of pH solutions is prone to estimation errors, particularly when the pH levels change drastically due to the slow response of the solution to the addition of alkaline or acidic mixtures and sensitivity to minute errors in mixture delivery. For these reasons, a model to estimate the solution's pH would help improve the delivery accuracy of the alkaline and acidic mixtures. Past research offers minimal study to optimally construct the model from a System Identification (SI) perspective. This study represents a pH water neutralisation behaviour using the Nonlinear Autoregressive model with Exogeneous Inputs (NARX). The project begins with input and output data acquisition, leading to the development of the NARX model. Model performance was then evaluated by analysing the model fit and residual distribution.


AIM: To set up a rapid analysis and characterization method for coumarins in extract of Cnidium monnieri. METHODS: The sample was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a reversed phase C_(18) column using a binary eluent of acetonitrile and water(with 0.1% formic acid) under gradient conditions.The ~+ ions of coumarins in Cnidium monnieri extract were observed by positive ion electrospray time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) online detection,and the fragmentation behavior obtained by ESI-TOF-MS/MS,then coumarins was identified through accurate molecular weight and molecular formula and fragmentation information combined with literature review. RESULTS: All components could be separated rapidly within 10 min,and five coumarins-xanthotoxol,bergapten,xanthotoxin,imperatorin and osthol could be primary identified in Cnidium monnieri extract. CONCLUSION: This method is effective for identification of coumarins in extract of Cnidium monnieri.


This study examined the effects of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor and N w nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on estradiol-17β and progesterone production by buffalo granulosa cells. Granulosa cells (3×10 5 ) from small ( 9 mm diameter) follicles were cultured for 24 h under completely serum-free conditions in DMEM: nutrient mixture F-12 Ham (1:1 ratio) supplemented with 10 –7 M androstenedione, 5 mg/ml human apo-transferrin, 0.1% BSA, in the presence or absence of FSH (8 ng/ml). Granulosa cells from large follicles produced higher estradiol-17β and progesterone than those from small follicles. SNAP reduced estradiol-17β and progesterone production at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM when used alone and in the presence of FSH by granulosa cells from follicles of both size categories. L-NAME (0.2, 1 and 5 mM) had, however, no effect on estradiol-17β or progesterone production, alone or in the presence of FSH. Our results demonstrated strong inhibitory effects of NO on estradiol-17β and progesterone production by buffalo granulosa cells from small and large follicles and indicated that it may be an autocrine/paracrine regulator of steroidogenesis by granulosa cells in buffalo.


The paper presents elements regarding the production and testing of a Nitinol-operated micropump. Nitinol is used to build actuating and control systems due to its properties to change its shape under the action of temperature, the more so as it is used in form of springs developing traction force. Finally, the main performance of the micropump developed is presented. Depending on the current chosen for the power supply of Nitinol springs, the system pumps a certain amount of liquid in a certain time. The higher the current, the higher the speed reaction in pumping the liquid, however, it also takes longer time between pumping cycles to cool the springs, so they can revert their direction of movement. For optimal operation, we have to go on an average current of supply of springs, the amount of liquid is average and the cooling time of the springs will still be average.


Antimicrobial resistance presents a gigantic challenge to society. We cannot simply look for new synthetic variations of established drugs, we must look towards new, technological assassins. Mother Nature's toolbox is full of such antimicrobial assassins and some of these pack an impressive 'light punch' unlike any current drug on the market.


Surface pollen analysis has been an important tool for refining vegetation history and palaeoclimatic interpretations.In order to study the relationships between vegetation and pollen spectra,modern samples are collected from moss and soil along an elevational gradient in the Lijiang and Dali areas,Yunnan Province.The dominant pollen taxa show relatively high pollen spectra of different vegetation types,although the pollen spectra are distorted by Pinus,which is predominant in almost all pollen spectra of vegetation.Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)shows a close correlation between community composition and elevation,and the DCA axis 1 scores are strongly correlated with sample elevation,exhibiting a linear relationship(r2=0.82).This study suggests that the paleo-vegetation could be characterized and reconstructed by pollen types which have relative high value in pollen assemblages from mountainous areas in Yunnan Province.


High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and ultra low penetration air (ULPA) filters such as those used in cleanrooms and clean benches are frequently scanned or probed for leaks. Historically, filters were scanned with a light-scattering photometer that measures the light scattered from many particles simultaneously. While particle counting methods have been introduced, the photometer methods are still used in many cases. There has not been a documented basis for the scanning speed when using photometers. The photometer response time and the time that the probe is over a leak affects the magnitude of the meter response. This paper sets forth a model for the photometer response characteristics. Photometer response to a leak while scanning is modeled as a simple exponential process. The model is verified with experimental data. Time constants for the experimental system were determined. The effect of the response time on the ability to detect leaks is discussed. Methods to compenstate for the loss o...


Interactions are open nested exible transactions used to deene long-lived tasks that access multiple heterogeneous databases. Interactions operate on a multidatabase where the local databases are accessed via procedures called steps. The steps in a local database encapsulate its information and allow it to be accessed uniformly. In this paper, we focus on issues of exible task speciication in a multidatabase. We deene a language , TaSL, that allows a multidatabase user to deene an Interaction to the multidatabase in terms of the steps provided by the local databases. TaSL allows an Interaction deener to specify sequences of steps that should be executed atomically (as classic transactions) in the multidatabase. The user also can specify constraints that must be maintained on the data for the Interaction itself to remain consistent. If these constraints are violated, committed transactions may need to be compensated for, so an alternative execution can be attempted.


An expert system for validating ionograms autoscaled by the University of Massachusetts‐Lowell system Automatic Real Time Ionogram Scaler with True Height (ARTIST) is described. The expert system is implemented as a FORTRAN program QualScan. QualScan reads in the standard archiving output file that is created by ARTIST, which is an ASCII summary of the salient information about the scaled trace, and attempts to determine if the scaled trace is a valid representation of the actual ionogram. It provides an overall quality figure for the scaled trace, based mainly on its reasonableness, and defines error bars for the main F2 layer parameters and for the F2 plasma frequency profile. QualScan can be used on a single ionogram for real‐time operations or on a batch of ionograms for qualifying data to be stored in ionospheric databases. QualScan typically "fails" one‐third of ionograms from low‐latitude and midlatitude sites.


A locally-optimal trajectory management (LOTM) approach is analyzed, and it is found that care should be taken in choosing the Ritz expansion and cost function. A modified cost function for the LOTM approach is proposed which includes the kinetic energy along with the base reactions in a weighted and scale sum. The effects of the modified functions are demonstrated with numerical examples for robots operating in two- and three-dimensional space. It is pointed out that this modified LOTM approach shows good performance, the reactions do not fluctuate greatly, joint velocities reach their objectives at the end of the manifestation, and the CPU time is slightly more than twice the manipulation time.


Haptic interfaces require lightweight, small actuators with high force capability and low friction. In this paper, based on the structure of conventional shear mode disc and drum type MR fluid dampers, a lightweight continuous rotary MR damper working in valve mode is designed for haptic interfaces. The proposed design is compared to shear mode disc-type and drum-type designs with similar torque–to–mass ratio via computer simulations. Mathematical models for the resistant torques of both the shear mode and the valve mode are derived. Subsequently, the finite element analysis of electromagnetic circuit calculations was carried out by FEMM software to perform an optimization of the dimensions of the parts such as gap size and thickness. It is shown that the proposed continuous rotary valve mode MR damper is a fine candidate that meets the requirements of haptic interfaces.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Urban geology is a preliminary study for the construction and development of cities, which has been more prominent in recent decades in some countries despite its long application history. It assesses the impact of geological and natural phenomena on urban space and available structures. The earthquake on Nov. 21, 2017, inflicted a lot of damage to the city of Sarpol-e Zahab, west of Iran, including financial losses and casualties. Reconstruction of this city and planning for its sustainable development entail conducting urban geological studies. In the present study, the effect of natural phenomena on Sarpol-e Zahab County was studied by investigating its geology and geomorphology. The results showed that, in addition to the earthquake that habitually affected the city of Sarpol-e Zahab, the hazards of other phenomena are also significant. Recorded horizontal acceleration in the recent earthquake confirmed the high seismicity of Sarpol-e Zahab has.


Cloud computing is the future of the next generation architecture of IT solutions. Cloud provides computing resources on subscription basis over the internet. The Cloud data storage network includes a Third Party Auditor which has the power and capabilities that a client does not have. It is a trusted entity that has the access to, other than cloud and check on the exposed risk involved in cloud storage data on behalf of the client. In this paper, the problem of data security and integrity has been presented. Also, a scheme to provide maximum data integrity. In proposed scheme, existing fully homomorphic encryption is integrated with TPA auditing system is proposed. This scheme can audit data integrity without decrypting it.


A new model for electron acceleration in magnetic reconnection regions is developed analytically, tested using quasilinear simulations, and the qualitative predictions compared with observations of reconnection in Earth's magnetotail and the solar corona. The model involves lower hybrid (LH) waves, produced by a drift instability (LHDI) in reconnection regions, stochastically accelerating electrons parallel to the magnetic field by the Cherenkov resonance (LH drive or LHD). Analytic theory shows that LH waves produced by LHDI have the correct wave numbers to cause parallel electron acceleration from thermal to highly superthermal and even relativistic energies, for sufficiently low plasma β and long evolution times. Several previous Vlasov and particle-in-cell simulations show growth of LH waves by LHDI. Assuming that LHDI produces LH waves with the wave numbers and energy densities (≈50% that of the thermal ion plasma) found in the Vlasov simulations, quasilinear simulations with the correct mass ratio s...


Objectives: Several contemporary bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) surgical techniques have been described with the common goal of minimizing soft-tissue reduction, which may benefit patients, surgeons, and audiologists alike. Recently, the hydroxyapatite coated Cochlear BA400 abutment was introduced, the first designed specifically for soft tissue preservation. We present our early experience of this system with corresponding patient-reported outcomes. Methods: Data were collected prospectively on the first 25 patients implanted with the BA400 system at our institution (February-September 2013). The Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) was subsequently used to evaluate patient-perceived quality of life in all patients 4 months following sound processor fitting. Results: Mean patient age was 61 years (range, 23-91 years). BAHA was indicated for single-sided deafness in 6 cases (24%) and for conductive or mixed loss when a conventional aid was contraindicated in the remainder. Procedures were performed under local anaesthetic in all but 1 case. Mean operating time was 14 minutes (range, 9-22 minutes). Four patients (16%) suffered implant site soft tissue reactions which were all successfully managed conservatively and graded as follows: Holger's grade 1 (n = 2), 2 (n = 1), and 3 (n = 1). No other complications were observed. Respective overall, general health, social support, and physical health GBI benefit mean scores were +33 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 27-39), +46 (95% CI; 37-55), +15 (95% CI; 5-25), and 0 (95% CI; –8 to 8). Conclusions: Our data support use of the soft tissue preserving Cochlear BA400 implant system, with shorter operating times, comparable soft-tissue outcomes, and favorable patient-reported quality-of-life when compared with conventional BAHA implantation techniques.


Introduction The experience of traditional and cyberbullying, for either victim, bully or bully/victim, has been linked to several negative outcomes among youth, such as mental and physical health problems and behavioural problems. Since cyberbullying differs from traditional bullying, for example due to the possibilities for cyberbullies to remain unknown by the victim, and by the ability of reaching a large audience in a short time and for a long time via the Internet, it has been suggested that its effects are more severe than those of traditional bullying (Campbell, 2005). Some studies concluded that cyberbullying victimization was related to more psychosocial harm in comparison with traditional bullying (Schneider, O'Donnell, Stueve, & Coulter, 2012; Sourander, 2010). Additionally, cyberbullying victims reported significantly more social difficulties and higher levels of anxiety and depression than traditional victims (Campbell, Spears, Slee, Butler & Kift, 2012). Besides a difference in the magnitude of problems, cyberbullying victimization may also be related to different types of problems than traditional victimization. Most prior research on the negative outcomes of traditional and cyberbullying has focused on the traditional roles of the victim, the bully, and those non-involved, whereas bully/victims (i.e. provocative or aggressive victims) and bystanders have been less studied (Mishna, Khoury-Kassabri, Gadalla, & Daciuk, 2012). Several studies stressed the importance of examining bullying in a broader social context by not viewing participant behaviour in peer victimization as fixed role categories but rather as influenced by circumstances (Bastiaensens et al., 2014; DeSmet et al., 2012; DeSmet,Veldeman et al., 2014; Espelage, Green, & Polanin, 2012; Espelage & Swearer, 2003; Gini, Albiero, Benelli, & Altoè, 2007; Gini, Albiero, Benelli, & Altoè, 2008; Salmivalli & Voeten, 2004), and by acknowledging that the incident has an impact on youngsters' lives that stretches beyond the outcomes for bullies and victims (Gini, Pozzoli, Borghi, & Franzoni, 2008; Rivers & Smith, 1994; Rivers, Poteat, Noret, &


The invention provides dual stabilization zones that interact with an individual's eyelids so that at least the upper eyelid strikes both stabilization zones of a lens at the same time. The stabilized lenses of the invention maintain their on-eye orientation better as compared to conventionally stabilized lenses.


DOI: 10.21276/sb.2018.4.12.1 Abstract: Turnover Intention is the desire of the merchant to quit his job. The purpose of this study is to determine the direct influence of independent variables of leadership, compensation and workload of the dependent variable is turnover intention. This research was conducted at PT Karya Utama Perdana, with 113 respondents from total population of 162 employees. In determining the sample of this study, the authors use the formula slovin and data collection is done through interviews and questionnaires. Then on the data analysis, the authors used multiple linear regression analysis techniques that were processed using SPSS software version 24, so the results obtained further indicate that leadership has significant effect on turnover intention, compensation has no effect and not significant to turnover intention, and workload significantly influence to turnover intention.


Lipids and proteins in biological membranes are arranged in a mosaic of domains in the membrane. These domains represent small-scale heterogeneities in composition, shape and fluidity within the plane of the membrane, over the range of hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. They arise from the complex interactions of the heterogeneous mixtures of phospholipids, sterols, and proteins that make up all biological membranes.


Measurements of in-building radio signals show that plasma, inside fluorescent lights, reflects signals at twice the frequency of the power network. These reflections produce fading of received signals at 120 Hz with power variations ranging from a few tenths of a decibel to more than 20 dB and phase variations from less than 20 o to 100 o


This paper explores some of the initial coincidences in the poetry and the biography and also in the political and cultural breeding of the writers Octavio Paz and Jose Revueltas that one could find in their youth years. It points out to a scarcely known book by Marx, the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 , which was translated in Mexico for the first time in 1939, and that impacts strongly in the texts that both writers do publish. Later, their philosophical evolution shows signs of divergence when in the fifties Paz joins in one part the surrealistic movement and in the other begins to read Heidegger's work, whilst Revueltas stands faithful to his strongly hegelian lecture of Marx.


We study groups, all maximal nilpotent subgroups of class at most $k$ in which are malnormal. We show that such groups share many similar properties with the ordinary CSA groups. Similarly, we introduce the class of {\em nilpotency transitive} groups and we show that in presence of a special residuality condition, these two concepts are the equivalent. As a result, we see that the theory of CSA and CT groups is a small part of a more general idea.


Tragedy and grisly humor are mixed in these reports of speech‐making on the gallows or under the lyncher's noose in nineteenth‐century America. Would mass attendance at state executions by more sophisticated means tend to hasten the exit of capital punishment from our society?


This paper makes simulation calculations and analysis on the factors of variable association between energy consumption and C emissions in industry production process since 1985.The result indicates that: 1) the growth of energy consumption of industry departments and the rising movement of C emissions were affected predominantly by the energy consumption density,the per-capita GDP and population factor;2) In industry sector,Tapio indicator of Energy-GDP(TIEG) were in a cluster in the weak decoupling range,that indicated the rate of energy consumption growth were lower than the rate of economic growth largely,and kept stable.But the level of energy consumption efficiency still falled behind compared with the developed countries;3) the Tapio indicator distribution of C-GDP(TICG),but Tapio indicator of C-GDP(TICG) were more concentrated and had larger decoupling,that indicated that the C emission was driven by economy more obviously than energy consumption in industrial sector.


The history of nuclear generation of electric power is traced from Sir Ernest Rutherford's first pessimistic assessment in 1933 to the present time, when 12% of U.S. electricity comes from nuclear plants. The U.S. Navy is credited with being the first to see the potential for nuclear power reactors for submarine propulsion. The author relates the story of the Manhattan Engineering District during World War II and traces the nuclear submarine development as it paralleled postwar civilian power programs from the first light water reactors to the present controversy over the breeder reactor. The momentum of technology development is seen to have slowed, possibly because the 1955 success of the USS Nautilus prompted world acceptance of the LWR as the dominant power reactor.


Resonant internal and radiated external electromagnetic fields of an open coaxial structure are analyzed using FDTD. These fields are characterized for two structures, with and without a quarter-wave choke. Techniques utilized to obtain a steady state solution are discussed. Good agreement with field measurements is obtained. This moveable open applicator is convenient for creating intense hot zones as required in ceramic joining. It is also suitable for the measurement of surface dielectric properties of planar materials at room or elevated temperatures.


Ion-beam shadowing effects have been observed for secondary electrons induced by various ions in the energy range of 1.8--3.8 MeV/amu, under various channeling conditions in Si and GaAs crystals. From a comparison of the energy spectra of electrons induced by ions of equal velocity, we have found reduced shadowing effects for heavy ions (Si, S, and Cl) as compared with light (H, He, C, and O) ions. It is concluded that the reduction results from the screening of the heavy ion's nuclear charge by bound electrons. By analyzing the reduced shadowing effect, the effective nuclear charges for the heavy ions within the target crystals have been determined.


Objective To develope a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit with coated polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) residue in food of animal origin,and to evaluate its performance. Methods Enzyme labled CAP (enzyme conjugate) and CAP standard or sample were added to the precoated wells which were coated by the specific antibody (rabbit anti-CAP). Results PAbs had high affinity and specificity to CAP.The cross reaction rates to streptomycin,terramycin,cyclomycin,penicillin,and clenbuterol were less than 0.01%.The average variation coefficient was 11.4% when the sample concentration was 50,10.5,0.5 mg/ml. A standard curve was obtained and the regression equation was y =-14.843logx+56.692,R2=0.9965. The linear range of the CAP immunoassay was from 0.02 to 64.0 ng/ml, with the detection limit (IC10) of 0.451 ng/ml, and sensitivity (IC50) 2.82 ng/ml. The recoveries of CAP ranged from 72% to 113%. Conclusion The ELISA test kit showed good repeatability and accuracy, could be used for the screening analysis of residual CAP in a large number of samples such as shrimp,chicken, and milk, etc.


Methodological model of teaching academic writing to undergraduate students is presented and explained in this paper which intends to re-emphasize the role of academic writing at the beginning of university studies in Russian universities. The paper suggests an overall methodological framework for developing undergrads writing skills and competencies and offers some practical suggestions on its implementation. The proposed model of teaching academic writing has been piloted throughout the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course for the 1st year students of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences at St Petersburg State University and the pilot study outcomes are reported and discussed in this paper. This article is aimed at university faculty who help undergraduates improve their academic writing for further education. The target readership includes EAP and academic writing teachers, academic writing tutors and all those who see pedagogic value in academic writing as a university course.


The papers presented at the Music and Exile : North South Narratives symposium illustrated the numerous angles from which the theme could be approached, as well as the broad scope of interpretations that researchers chose to posit. Wium, for instance, addressed the notion of exile in a reading of Afrikaans composer Arnold van Wyk's work Tristia, influenced by texts from Ovid and NP van Wyk Louw.


[1] We present evidence for a seismic source associated with degassing CO2 during leakage along two wellbores instrumented with arrays of downhole seismometers. More than 200 microseismic events were detected in direct vicinity of the monitoring wells. The observed seismic waves are dominantly P waves and tube waves, with no (or extremely weak S) shear waves. The waveforms of these events indicate extremely rapid amplitude decays with distance across the arrays, consistent with the seismometers being in the near field of the seismic source. The frequency characteristics, first-motion polarities and S to P amplitude ratios suggest a single force source mechanism. Because the seismic arrays were located at the depth where the density of ascending CO2 changes most rapidly, it appears that the transition of CO2 from supercritical fluid to gas triggers an oscillation of fluid-filled cavities and fractures very close to the wellbores in which the monitoring arrays were deployed. In many aspects, the observed waveforms show a striking similarity to those modeled for degassing processes below volcanoes. We suggest that the single force represents bubble growth and resulting oscillations in cement cavities between the steel casing of the well and the rock adjacent to the wellbores and/or within fractures in the rock just outside the wellbores.


In the article the necessity of organization of ecological education is reasonable students on the first stage of school education. The analysis of federal state educational standard of primary general education is conducted with the purpose of exposure of ecological constituent in his maintenance. The indexes of formed of ecological culture of child are adopted, that are a reference-point for the teacher of initial classes at planning and realization of ecological education. Terms and mechanisms of education are exposed for the junior schoolchildren of bases ecological educations.


Background: Conventional aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery has been performed using cardioplegic cardio-respiratory arrest method. However this technique is often challenged when the surgeon is faced with a patient who has undergone previous coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), poor residual cardiac reserve and multiple comorbidities. Here the surgeon's technical ability is challenged in performing careful dissection in order to preserve the integrity of the coronary artery grafts and to ensure myocardial protection from ischaemic damage. Case and Operative Strategy: We present a case of a 76-year-old man with a past history of previous CABG surgery and severe peripheral vascular disease who presented with acute heart failure secondary to severe aortic stenosis requiring urgent AVR. Our safety surgical strategy included preoperative, prophylactic insertion of intra-aortic balloon pump and performing beating heart AVR in the setting of good bilateral arterial conduits and absence of the native coronary circulation. We also performed bi-caval cannulation to allow for potential fallback position of delivering retrograde cardioplegia into the coronary sinus under direct vision in case significant myocardial ischemia was encountered during cross clamping. The patient had an uneventful beating heart AVR surgery and remained asymptomatic on follow-up. Conclusions: Beating heart AVR can be performed safely in the setting of good bilateral arterial conduits. Careful forward planning by prophylactic insertion of intra-aortic balloon pump and bi-caval cannulation allowing the option of delivering cardioplegia directly into the coronary sinus in case myocardial ischaemia was encountered during cross-clamping, would allow for beating heart AVR to be performed safely.


We determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among military police officers (MPOs) from the radio patrol program of the Military Police of Sao Paulo State (PMESP). Towards this goal, we analyzed the following characteristics: shift duty (daytime or nighttime patrol), service length in the PMESP, education level attained, weekly alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity of 93 MPOs. The MPO groups were created based on work shift [daytime (n=48) or nighttime (n=45)], and years of MPO experience [≤3 years (n=48) or ≥10 years (n=45)]. The overall prevalence of MetS among the 93 MPOs was 43%. There was a higher prevalence of MetS in the group with ≥ten years (53.3%) than that with ≤three years (33.3%); so, 1,6 times higher. The more prevalent MetS indicators (n=93) included waist circumference (76.3%), hypertension (55.9%), reduced plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (44%), hypertriglyceridemia (32.2%), and hyperglycemia (20.4%). Greater waist circumference, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, higher glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, and MetS itself were associated with the service length (i.e., ≥ten years). The work shift was not associated with any MetS indicator. Those who were overweight or obese were 2.2. times more likely to develop MetS. Hypertriglyceridemia, the best indicator of the MetS, increased the chance of developing MetS by 16 times. Conclusion: MPOs exhibit a high prevalence of MetS, associated with the years of service and age.


Power-reduction techniques based on DVFS(Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) are crucial for lengthening operating times of battery powered mobile systems. This paper proposes an optimal DVFS scheduling algorithm for decoders with memory size limitation on display buffer, which is realistic constraints not properly touched in the previous works. Furthermore, we mathematically prove that the proposed algorithm is optimal in the limited display buffer and limited clock frequency model, and also can be used for feasibility check. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm outperformed the previous heuristic algorithms by 7% in average, and the performance of all algorithms using display buffers saturates at about 10 frame size.


Increasing the electrostatic capacity of the information storage capacity and reduces the leakage current. Write the information storage capacity by the following process. (1) forming a polycrystalline silicon lower electrode to form a semi-spherical silicon crystals on the surface. (2) the art for the lower electrode surface by plasma nitridation at a low temperature of less than 550 ℃, and more 1.5㎚ film to form a silicon nitride film of thickness. 3, thereby the tantalum pentoxide film is deposited in an amorphous and then crystallized. The oxidation resistance is improved in the silicon nitride film, the smaller the leak current. As a result, the oxidation of the polysilicon lower electrode is suppressed, and at the same time increasing the electrostatic capacity of the information storage capacitor, the leakage current is suppressed. Polycrystalline silicon, a plasma nitriding method, a silicon nitride film, a tantalum pentoxide film


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the management of consumer insurance fraud in the US property‐casualty market, attending to definition, prevalence, insurer and regulatory responses, and outcomes. A social marketing campaign is offered as a partial, long‐term solution.Design/methodology/approach – This paper explicates the difficulties associated with defining and measuring consumer insurance fraud, then models the system of factors now in place in redress.Findings – Little agreement was found for a common definition of consumer insurance fraud and this was explained in part due to the decentralization of insurance regulation, competitive factors, and inconsistency in claims processing. The paper concludes by offering a social marketing campaign as a tool for reducing the incidence and severity of single‐claims fraud, the latter believed to be the largest source of consumer insurance fraud.Originality/value – This paper affords a macro‐level view of a common and expensive social problem, s...


Some chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells contain a factor with binding determinants for folic acid (PGA), dihydrofolic acid (FH2) and methotrexate (MTX). To determine whether this factor may have some effect on DNA synthesis and the pharmacologic activity of the folate antagonists, the effect of deoxyuridine (dU), PGA, FH2, and MTX, on the incorporation of 3H-dU and 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) into DNA was compared in short-term cultures of CML cells containing a high and low concentration of binder and in bone marrow cells with no binder. The following observations were made in CML cells with high binder: greater inhibition of 3H-dU incorporation into DNA by 102 pmoles of stable dU; lesser or no stimulation of 3H-dU incorporation into DNA by FH2 and PGA; inhibition rather than stimulation of 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA by FH2, PGA, and MTX; and reversal of these effects when this CML patient was given oral PGA and unsaturated binder concentration in the cells decreased. These findings suggest that the presence of a high concentration of unsaturated folate binder in replicating cells can affect the capacity for de novo DNA synthesis, probably by binding FH2. In addition, because of binding determinants for MTX, the pharmacolgic activity of this drug can also be altered.


Carbon nanofibers (CNF) are promising catalyst support materials due to their physico-chemical properties. The material combines the advantages of graphite and active carbon. CNF are strong, pure, inert, non microporous and have a high surface area (100-200 m2/g). In addition the reclaim of metals supported on CNF is easy via oxidation of the support. Nevertheless some doubts were raised about the suitability of CNF. In particular the bulk density of the materials was claimed to be too low to be suitable for a commercial application. In the current study we explored routes to obtain dense carbon nanofibers bodies suitable as catalyst support. This work is described in chapter two. Next new routes to the deposition of nickel on carbon nanofibers we investigated (chapter 3 and 4). Finally the stability of Ni/CNF catalysts in CO atmospheres, relevant for the use of these catalysts during methanation of synthesis gas, was studied and described in chapter 5.


This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 3D L5/S1 moment estimates from a wearable inertial motioncapture system during manual lifting tasks. Reference L5/S1 moments were calculated using inversedynamics bottom-up and top-down laboratory models, based on the data from a measurement systemcomprising optical motion capture and force plates. Nine groups of four subjects performed tasks consistingof lifting and lowering 10 lbs. load with three different heights and asymmetry angles. As a measure ofsystem performance, the root means square errors and absolute peak errors between models werecompared. Also, repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated comparing the means and theabsolute peaks of the estimated moments. The results suggest that most of the estimates obtained from thewireless sensor system are in close correspondence when comparing the means, and more variability isobserved when comparing peak values to other models calculating estimates of L5/S1 moments.


Comparison of measured UV irradiance with estimates from satellite observation is potentially effective for the validation of the data from the two sources. Data from 10 Canadian Brewer sites were compared in this study with noon UV irradiance estimated from TOMS measurements. In general, TOMS estimates can successfully reproduce long-term and major short-term UV variations, although there are some systematic differences between the measurements at the ground and satellite-retrieved UV irradiance. Up to 9% of the Brewer-TOMS difference can be attributed to the Brewer cosine response error. This error depends on the solar zenith angle and cloud conditions and is different from instrument to instrument. When the cosine response of the Brewer instrument is considered and applied, the Brewer data are still lower than TOMS-estimated UV irradiance at most of the sites by 10% on average. The bias for clear-sky condition is smaller, about 4%, than for overcast conditions (about 20% on average) with some wavelength dependence. The bias was close to 0 at one station (Saturna Island), possibly due to its much cleaner air.


The time-limiting step in HTS often is the development of an appropriate assay. In addition, hits from HTS fairly often turn out to be false positives and generally display unfavorable properties for further development. Here we describe an alternative process for hit generation, applied to the human adipocyte fatty acid binding protein FABP4. A small molecular ligand for FABP4 that blocks the binding of endogenous ligands may be developed into a drug for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Using NMR spectroscopy, we screened FABP4 for low-affinity binders in a diversity library consisting of small soluble scaffolds, which yielded 52 initial hits in total. The potencies of these hits were ranked, and crystal structures of FABP4 complexes for two of the hits were obtained. The structural data were subsequently used to direct similarity searches for available analogues, as well as chemical synthesis of 12 novel analogues. In this way, a series of three selective FABP4 ligands with attractive pharmacochemical profiles and potencies of 10 microM or better was obtained.


Evidence of vertical transmission of Neospora species infection in dairy cattle NEOSPOROSIS is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle. This study investigated whether Neospora species could be trans- mitted by an infected pregnant animal to its offspring during ges- tation. Two groups of 25 neonatal heifers in a herd with a history of Neospora species infections were selected on the basis of their serum titres in the indirect fluorescent antibody test; the seroposi- tive group had titres > 1:5120 whereas the seronegative group had titres 1:80. The heifers were reared and bred on the farm and samples were taken when they calved. All the seropositive heifers gave birth to calves that had high Neospora titres and seven which were examined postmortem had histopathological evidence of the infection. In contrast all the seronegative heifers had seronegative calves. The results indicate that congenitally acquired Neospora infections can persist in clinically normal heifers and can be trans- mitted transplacentally to the next generation. ANDERSON, M. L., REYNOLDS, J. P., ROWE, J. D., SVERLOW, K. W., PACKHAM, A. E., BARR, B. C. & CONRAD, P. A. (1997) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210, 1169 Effect of two dietary regimens on gingivitis in the dog THE development of gingivitis and the accumulation of dental plaque, calculus and stain were compared in dogs fed two com- mercially available dietary regimens. One consisted of feeding an oral hygiene chew and a standard dry diet, and the other was based on a dry main meal designed to improve oral hygiene. After cross-over tests lasting three weeks there were equal amounts of gingivitis, plaque and calculus in the 15 dogs when they were fed the two diets. However there was significantly more stain on the teeth of the dogs fed the dry main meal and they lost a significant amount of weight. RAWLINGS, J. M., GORREL, C. & MARKWELL, P. J. (1997) Journal ofSmall Animal Practice 38, 147 177


The equivalent surface impedance (ESI)-based mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) is proposed in this paper for parameter extraction of 3-D interconnects. Boundary integral equations (BIEs) describing the conductor region and the nonconductor region are utilized to derive the ESI model, which incorporates with an MPIE to simplify the electromagnetic simulation. For large-scale problems, the solution of MPIE is accelerated by the hierarchical matrix (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix) algorithm. Since the interconnect problems usually have multiple ports, the method of moments discretization of MPIE leads to the matrix equation with multiple right-hand sides, which is efficiently solved by the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-LU-based direct solution. Procedures for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix are optimized to improve the overall efficiency. The proposed method to optimize <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix benefits both the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix construction and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-LU procedures. The complexities of the CPU time and memory cost for the construction of the optimized <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix are of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(N\log N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the complexity for the direct <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-LU solution is of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(N\log ^{2}N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient in a broadband frequency, which is suitable for modeling of 3-D interconnects and on-chip passive structures.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possibility of judicial recognition of the family parallel to marriage or to a stable union, based on doctrinal and jurisprudential understandings. METHOD: The nature of the research is qualitative, given the exploratory level, using the technical procedures of bibliographical and documentary research. RESULT: Although the doctrine and majority jurisprudence say that there is no possibility of judicial recognition of the family parallel to marriage or stable union, the number of jurists and judges who accept the parallel family as legitimate, begins to grow, deserving judicial recognition. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results, I conclude that the right has to run to keep pace with changes in society, and can no longer turn a blind eye to reality, parallel families exist and must have their rights recognized, can not be left out of society.


Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted considerable interest owing to their incorporation as fundamental building blocks for plastic electronics, such as bendable displays or radio-frequency (rf) identification tags. [1,2] Most generally, gold source and drain (S/D) electrodes are used as the hole-injecting metal. This is due to the chemical stability and the work function of gold, which in most cases matches the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of p-type operating organic semi-conductors, thus lowering the Schottky barrier. [


The English physian Edward Wotton wrote the first zoological compendium in the time of the Renaissance. As a convinced representative of Renaissance‐Humanism Wotton strictly applied Aristotelian methodological principles to Aristotelian facts. In this way he tried to make Classical Antiquity complete; the Renaissance of ancient zoology is here tantamount to a new beginning. Wotton's achievement is in the first place to have provided a good summary of the whole of ancient zoological knowledge to which he added a few observations of his own. He carried through the Aristotelian concept of differentiation by many distinguishing features more strictly than Aristotle himself and all subsequent authors. In this way he attained the first zoological system, which influenced all later systematic attempts. The main Aristotelian groups are further subdivided and the Zoophyta are separated for the first time as an independent group. Wotton used a practical indexation method and got rid of an excess of detail in the text, adding critical annotations to each chapter. By means of the two indices, one of the names and the other of the parts of animal, Wotton tried to improve the precision of nomenclature and by this the identification of the objects under examination. His critical position on fabulous animals reveals his progressive mind.


The solutions recommended by international roadmaps and technical reports on smart metering refer to interval metering with time resolutions higher than 15 min to 1 h as traditionally used. Based on the characteristics of the users' power patterns in distribution networks, this article shows that in practical cases the resolutions of the traditional metering are not sufficient to assess peak power and network losses effectively. Effective interval metering solutions should have resolutions of one minute or less. Moreover, this article shows the advantages of assessing the average power peak (amplitude and duration) and estimating the network losses through innovative solutions beyond interval metering, based on event-driven energy metering. The use of EDM significantly enhances the quality of pattern representation and reduces the amount of data required with respect to high-resolution interval metering. Based on the Pareto analysis of conflicting objectives, a novel procedure to set up the EDM thresholds is presented. The applications shown use real data and refer to a single user, some users connected to a distribution network feeder, and many users connected to a large distribution system. The EDM benefits are quantified using specific indicators that consider energy losses and peak power.


To assess the effects of air pollution levels on respiratory morbidity among children from 2005 and 2008. Data were obtained from daily visits for respiratory diseases for children in health units in the Unified He alth System (SUS) in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Daily levels of ozone concentration were obtained from the Department of Physics, UFMS. Daily measurements of temperature and relative humidity were provided by the Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Gado de Corte-MS. To assess the relationship between respiratory diseases and ozone concentration were carried out descriptive analysis of quantitative variables described by means of central tendency (mean, median) and dispersion (standard deviation) and coefficient of variation (CV) and later via modeling Generalized Linear Models (GLM) using the model of multiple Poisson regression. The results suggest that the surface ozone concentration promotes adverse effects on children's health even when pollutant levels below what is required by law.


Townsend [1] obtained sufficient conditions for job i preceding job j in the adjacent positions to minimize the total quadratic penalty function of completion times of jobs. This paper obtains sufficient conditions for job i preceding job J in all positions not necessarily adjacent. These sufficient conditions help in reducing the creation of nodes in the branch-and-bound procedure. This fact is illustrated by means of a numerical example.


The plant extract of Equisetum arvense is applied to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the batch method. When mixed with silver nitrate (AgNO3), the extract changed color from y...


Obesity and conditions that increase intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) should be considered as risk factors for reduced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) blood flow (BF) drastically. For obese patients on ECMO, effective IAP control and risk factor assessment is necessary to prevent excessive IAP elevation and subsequent drop in ECMO BF.


A high-melt strength of the present invention and a method for preparing polylactic acid an extruder, the raw material of the polylactic acid resin 100 parts by weight, 1-3 parts by weight of the reaction chain extender, 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of antioxidant; polylactic acid after drying the resin, and a chain extender and a reaction according to the parts by weight of an antioxidant, the addition of the extruder, the extruder melt reactive extrusion to obtain a high strength poly-acid; the extruder comprises an extrusion step extruder machine and second order, the first-order and second-order extruder an extruder equipped with a temperature sensor and a heating means, the first order extruder is a twin-screw extruder, the extruder is a single second order screw extruder, the extruder having a first order a first feed port and a first discharge opening, the second extruder has a second inlet and a second discharge port, a first discharge opening connected to the second feed inlet. Method and apparatus for producing a single series of high melt strength prepared by the reaction of an extruder configuration, and is suitable for continuous mass production of polylactic acid material is a long-chain branched structure - by the above method may provide a double.


A sedentary lifestyle adopted during childhood or adolescence can set the stage for a lifetime of physical inactivity. Moreover, physical inactivity has significant implications for students' participation in school, social integration in school, mental alertness, classroom behaviour, and academic performance. Studies in the USA and Europe have demonstrated a significant decrease in physical activity during adolescence, particularly for girls. However, the pattern of participation in physical activity across different stages of female and male adolescent development in Australia has yet to be systematically investigated. Whilst few studies have examined the determinants or correlates of activity patterns of children and adolescents, research from the USA suggests self-efficacy is an important predictor of physical activity participation. The current research surveyed 375 high school students to investigate the effects of year of schooling, gender, and self-efficacy on adolescents' participation in physical activity. Results of the study indicate that: (1) self-efficacy is a significant predictor of physical activity, (2) physical activity participation levels do not decline significantly as year of schooling increases, and (3) female participation in physical activity was not statistically significantly less than male participation.


Climate variability and change projections from NASA global climate models (GCMs) and mission output can provide solutions for agricultural agencies mandated to promote agricultural efficiency and protect against agricultural risk. Greater agricultural efficiency can be achieved through greater understanding of global climate and weather, provided climate and weather forecasts are accurate and timely and go to the agricultural decision-makers responsible for food and water management.


Introduction: Pancreatic focal lesions are represented mostly by adenocarcinoma, rarely by neuroendocrine tumors, lymphoma, metastasis or chronic pancreatitis nodules. The cytologic exam can differentiate pancreatic lesions and can confirm the histopathologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma necessary for the palliative treatment. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytologic exam through endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Method: From February 2007 to February 2008, 28 patients with suspected pancreatic tumors have been subjected to EUS-FNA by the same investigator, in the Cluj-Napoca 3rd Medical Clinic, for doubtful tumors or tumors in unresectable stage for palliative treatment. The EUS diagnosis was confirmed by the histopathologic results of surgical specimen o (8 cases) or through clinic and imagistic follow-up. Results: From the 28 patients subjected to EUS-FNA from pancreatic tumors in 26 cases (92.8%) we obtained proper material for the histopatologic interpretation. The mean age was 59 years and 16 patients (57.1%) were males. The mean tumor size was 36.8mm (from 8.5 to 90mm). The tumors were localized to pancreatic head in 11 cases (42.3%), to uncinate process in 1 case (3.8%), in 6 cases (23.07%) to the pancreatic neck, to the body in 6 cases (23.07%), respectively to the tail in 2 cases (7.7%). The median numbers of FNA passes was two. The suspicion of focal pancreatic lesion was considered by endoscopic ultrasonography as adenocarcinomas (24 cases, only 19 confirmed by cytology), benign lesions confirmed by cytology: chronic pancreatitis (2 cases) and cystic tumors (2 cases). The 24 adenocarcinomas belonged to the stages I A- 2 cases (8.3%), I B- 1 case (4.16%), II A-1 case (4.16%), II B-12 cases (50%) and III- 8 cases (33%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value, negative prediction value and diagnostic accuracy forEUS-FNA in focal lesions of the pancreas were 86.36%, 100%, 100%, 57.14%, respectively 88.46%. Conclusions: The cytologic diagnosis obtained through endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a useful tool in the diagnosis of the pancreatic tumors. The negative prediction value can be ameliorate due to cytologic advanced analysis, through single layer smear. The results are good for sensitivity, positive prediction value and diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA for pancreatic tumors.


The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the institutional quality on economic growth in high, medium and low-income countries in the period of 1995-2013. In this study, institutional quality is represented as a component of democracy and economic freedoms. The institutional quality index for each country is calculated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method using democracy and economic freedoms indicators. Then, the relationship between the institutional quality index and economic growth is estimated by panel data analysis method (panel unit root, panel cointegration, panel causality analysis). The estimation results for all groups of countries are as follows: (i) the panel cointegration test confirms a long-run equilibrium relationship between institution quality and economic growth. (ii) According to this relationship, institutional quality has a positive effect on economic growth. (iii) The panel causality tests support a bidirectional causality between institution quality and economic growth. The results of the analysis indicate that institutions are a significant influence on economic growth.


BACKGROUND
Heparin and low molecular weight heparin are the most frequently used antithromboembolic drugs in fractures.

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to compare the effects of heparin and enoxaparin, which are used as standard treatment, on viability in degloving injuries.

METHODS
Thirty rats were used in the study. Three groups were composed including 10 rats in each group. Degloving injuries were formed in the tails of the rats. Enoxaparin was injected subcutaneously to the rats in group 1. Standard heparin was injected subcutaneously to the rats in group 2. Serum physiologic solution was injected subcutaneously to the rats in group 3. The experiment was ended on day 15. The tails of the rats were evaluated clinically and histopathologically.

RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference in the clinical results (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the histopathological results (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
We encountered positive effects of both heparin and enoxaparin on the treatment of degloving injuries in this experimental study. However, the findings of this study should be supported and improved by new experimental and especially clinical studies (Fig. 3, Ref. 18).


PURPOSE: To increase the processing speed by dividing data into plural data groups in accordance with n.k pieces of zone forming rows and columns and supplying data groups of the next row so that its arrangement is shifted from that of the data group of the first row by one group. CONSTITUTION: Data which is obtained from a first zone row 51 consisting of four zones 35 to 38 and constitutes the first data group row is sent to four processor modules 15 to 18 in a first order (the order of 15 to 18). Data which is obtained from a next zone row 52 consisting of four zones 39 to 42 and constitutes the next data group row is given to four processor modules 15 to 18 in a second order (the order of 18, 15 to 17). That is, the data group of this row is sent to four processor modules 15 to 18 so that its arrangement is shifted from that of the data group of the first row corresponding to the first zone row 51 by one group. Thus, the processing speed is increased. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Purpose of Study: The development of science and technology as it is today will greatly affect the learning process and the preparation of vocational school graduate workforce. Law Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education System explains that the purpose of vocational education is to prepare learners to be ready to work in certain fields. Virtual reality-based learning media can help grade XI SMK students to know the world of industrial work practices so that students of class XI SMK are better prepared in carrying out industrial work practices.
Based on the above reasons, the research problem can be formulated as follows: (Baroughi & Zarei, 2013) what is the definition of virtual reality-based learning ?; (Chao liu. 2012) how are the procedures and steps to create virtual reality ?; (Citra parameswari. 2008) what are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality-based learning media ?; and (Matandare, m. A. 2018) how is the tendency of utilization of virtual reality-based learning media to industry practice in SMK?
This study aims to: (Baroughi & Zarei, 2013) know the meaning of virtual reality; (Chao liu. 2012) know the procedures and steps to create virtual reality; (Citra parameswari. 2008) analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality-based learning media; and (Matandare, 2018) to analyze the tendency of utilization of virtual reality-based learning media on industry practice in SMK.
Methodology: Research carried out through this literature study yields the following conclusions: (Baroughi & Zarei, 2013) virtual reality is a technology that allows users to interact with a computer-simulated environment; (Chao liu. 2012) procedures and steps to create virtual reality is to record the atmosphere and activities of industrial workplaces and processed into virtual reality-based learning media; (Citra parameswari. 2008) the advantages of virtual reality-based learning media can provide more interesting and interactive learning, while the weakness of virtual reality-based learning media is costly and requires a long time to create; and (Matandare, 2018) the use of virtual reality-based learning media shows an increasing trend in the implementation of industrial work practices.
Results: To make a video into a VR Box, prepare a camera with a minimum quality of 8 megapixels. Record the location that will be the object. The location we want to take is the location where the world of work.
Implications/Applications: The advantages of using VR to teach educational purposes are similar in many ways with the advantages of using computers or interactive simulations, especially three-dimensional computer simulations. Computer-based simulations have been used for many years in computer-assisted instruction (CAI).


Structural texture measures are used to address three aspects of early detection of breast cancer in screening mammograms: detection of microcalcification, detection and classification of clustered microcalcification as benign or malignant, and the detection of invasive lobular carcinoma. The use of structural texture features replaces the task of initial detection of complex and poorly modelled image structures such as masses or clustered microcalcifications by initial detection of primitive image structures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yields high performance scores for detection of microcalcification ( ) and for classification of clusters as benign or malignant ( ). In the case of invasive lobular carcinoma, cancer was detected in half of the images with no false positive detections. In these cases, no evidence of cancer could be found by visual inspection of the mammogram, thus demonstrating the potential of structural texture measures to encompass diagnostically useful information not accessible to the human expert observer.


This paper studies minimum SVL at sexual maturity, sexual dimorphism, operational sex ratio, male and female reproductive cycles, and litter size of viviparous Phymaturus antofagastensis, a species living at high altitude in the temperate climate of Catamarca, Argentina. Males reached sexual maturity at 90 mm, and females at 79 mm. Adult males attained significantly larger body size and head width than adult females. Histological analysis showed asynchrony in spermatogenesis timing among males and spermatozoa storage in epididymis throughout the reproductive season (spring to early autumn). Females showed a biennial reproductive cycle taking at least one activity season to perform either vitellogenesis or pregnancy. Brood size resulted in two offspring, a condition similar to other species of the genus, with births occurring in late summer. The reproductive cycle of Phymaturus antofagastensis shows a new response in males and females to harsh environments characterized by short activity seasons, long hibernation periods and large daily and seasonal thermal fluctuations.


This experiment examined the role that ambiguity and uncertainty play in the use of base rate and individuating information in probability judgments. Subjects responded to a number of inference problems that varied in terms of base rates and the accuracy of the source of the individuating information. The ambiguity in the decision situation was also manipulated by varying the human or technological nature of the source of the individuating information and the causal relevance of the base rate information. The results provide substantial support for the predictions derived from the ambiguity conceptualization. Several interactions were uncovered involving attributes of the base rate and individuating information suggesting complex judgmental processes similar to anchoring and adjustment. Discussion focused on the role that human versus technological sources of information may play in judgment and decision making, and the utility of the ambiguity notion for understanding the use of base rate and individuating information in probabilistic inference problems.


The present study examines the utility of three self-report measures of psychopathic traits in predicting recidivism among a sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders. Participants (N = 214, M = 16.40 years, SD = 1.29 years) from seven Portuguese juvenile detention centers were followed and prospectively classified as recidivists versus non-recidivists. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that the Antisocial Process Screening Device–Self-Report (APSD-SR) presented the best performance in terms of predicting general recidivism, with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) and the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale–Self-Report (CATS-SR) presenting much poorer results. However, logistic regression models controlling for past frequency of crimes and age of first incarceration found that none of these self-report measures significantly predicted 1- or 3-year recidivism, whether general or violent. Findings suggest there are limitations in terms of the incremental utility of self-report measures of psychopathic traits in predicting recidivism among juveniles.


Up to 12 marine mollusc and three crab species are thought to have been deliberately or accidentally introduced to South Africa. Of these, only the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the European shore crab Carcinus meanas have become invasive. M. galloprovincialis, probably introduced in the late 1970s, is already the dominant mussel throughout the Cape west coast. As a result, indigenous intertidal mussels Aulacomya ater have been largely displaced, mussel standing stock has increased and the upshore limit of mussel beds has become considerably elevated. Implications include competitive exclusion of large limpets but enhanced recruitment of juvenile limpets, increased habitat availability for mussel infauna, reduction of habitat for algal infauna and enhanced food availability for predators, particularly terrestrial species. C. maenas was first recorded from Table Bay Docks in 1983 and currently ranges from Camps Bay to Saldanha Bay. Although it is a voracious predator, it appears unable...


The quasi-two-dimensional electronic gas at the (111) SrTiO$_3$-based heterostructure interfaces is described by a multi-band tight-binding model providing electronic bands in agreement at low energies with photoemission experiments. We analyze both the roles of the spin-orbit coupling and of the trigonal crystal field effects. We point out the presence of a regime with sizable strain where the band structure exhibits a Dirac cone whose features are consistent with \textit{ab-initio} approaches. The combined effect of spin-orbit coupling and trigonal strain gives rise to non-trivial spin and orbital angular momenta patterns in the Brillouin zone and to quantum spin Hall effect by opening a gap at the Dirac cone. The system can switch from a conducting to a topological insulating state \textit{via} modification of trigonal strain within a parameter range which is estimated to be experimentally achievable.


This paper explores the frequency-dependant characteristics of 2D wave effects in a valley subjected to simple narrow-band excitations with different frequency content. Elastic analyses are initially performed to emphasize on the generated wave-field pattern. The finite elements results reveal the strongly 2-dimensional nature of the problem. Both the distribution pattern and the actual values of the calculated aggravations are controlled by the frequency content of the excitation. It is shown that valley-edges generated surface waves (Rayleigh) and "focusing effects" at the valley sloping boundaries are responsible for the high values of the calculated aggravation. A subsequent set of nonlinear analyses is conducted to illustrate the effects of the induced inelasticity on the valley dynamic response. It is shown that when non-linearity is taken into account, the 2-D amplification effects significantly diminish.


"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." These are some of the most famous, most quoted, and best remembered words in American political history. They seem to be a natural idiomatic expression of American democratic will, yet these words from Franklin Roosevelt's first inaugural address had an actual author who struggled with how best to express that thought_and it was not the new president. In this innovative book on the crafting of FDR's crucial speech, Davis W. Houck leads the reader from its negative, mechanical, and Hooverian first draft through its final revision, its delivery, and the responses of those who were inspired by it during those troubled times. Houck's analysis, dramatic and at points riveting, focuses on three themes: how the speech came to be written, an explication of the text itself, and its reception. Drawing on the writings and memories of several people who were present in the crowd at the inauguration, Houck shows how powerfully the new president's speech affected those who were there or who heard it on the radio. Some were so moved by Roosevelt's delivery that they would have been willing to make him a dictator, and many believed such inspired words could have come only from a divine source. Houck then flashes back to the final year of the 1932 presidential campaign to show how Raymond Moley, the principal architect of the address, came to be trusted by Roosevelt to craft this important speech. Houck traces the relationships of Moley with Roosevelt and Roosevelt's influential confidante, Louis Howe, who was responsible for important changes in the speech's later drafts, including the famous aphorism. Although the book focuses primarily on the speech and its drafting, Houck also offers telling glimpses of Roosevelt's complex relationship with his wife, who dreaded her new duties as First Lady, and his deep, personal dislike of Herbert Hoover, all the while conveying a strong sense of the urgency of the times. The text of this compelling address is provided in its entirety so that students and others may experience for themselves the full power of the rhetoric.


Equilibrium experiments on a residual liquid composition from the dynamic crystallization study on quartz normative basalt (QNB) 15597 are used to evaluate the effects of kinetics on the crystallization of pyroxene-porphyritic basalts. The results indicate that the liquids coexisting with pyroxene phenocryst rims before the precipitation of groundmass plagioclase + pyroxene have left the equilibrium liquid line of descent and metastably penetrated the plagioclase primary phase volume. The precipitation of groundmass plagioclase + pyroxene brings the basalt system closer to equilibrium with respect to the residual liquid and crystals. At rapid cooling rates pyroxene phenocryst growth produces substantial compositional gradients in the residual silicate liquid at the pyroxene/liquid interface. The compositional gradients enhance the nucleation and growth of groundmass phases at the phenocryst interface, because effects related to constitutional supercooling for these phases (e.g., plagioclase, pyroxene, etc.) favor nucleation at the interface.


A new dispersion relation for electrostatic perturbations is derived by employing the hydrodynamic and Poisson equations for an unmagnetized, partially ionized, self-gravitating plasma whose constituents are positive–negative charged and neutral dust particles. Collisions caused by the dust-neutral and neutral-dust particulates are incorporated. Two new modes are found without collisional effects. The frequency spectra are numerically analysed to study the effects of Jeans frequencies due to positive, negative and neutral dust particulates and neutral temperature on the real angular frequencies and the growth rates.


In the past two lectures, we have discussed measurements and entanglement. We now combine these two topics to discuss one of the most fundamental questions in quantum theory: Does entanglement as we understand it actually exist in Nature? Recall that in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) argued that quantum mechanics could not be a complete physical theory due to its prediction of states such as the Bell state |Φ+〉 = 1 √ 2 (|00〉 + |11〉). For example, as we will discuss shortly, the Bell state appears to allow superluminal (i.e. faster than the speed of light) communication, which is impossible by the theory of relativity. Thus, EPR suggested that there must be more to Nature than what quantum theory prescribes — namely, that there must be " hidden variables" which contain extra information missing in quantum mechanics about what is actually happening in the subatomic world. In other words, the moon is there even if you do not look at it — it's just that we "do not have access" to the hidden variables prescribing the state of the moon. Moreover, this information must be "local", in the sense that instantaneous communication between variables should not be possible. Such theories are hence called local hidden variable theories. Remarkably, in 1964, John Bell proved that no local hidden variable theory could ever reproduce the statistics predicted by quantum mechanics! Thus, either local hidden variables theories are wrong, or quantum mechanics is wrong. In fact, Bell went a step further — he proposed a "simple" experiment which could be run in a lab to test which of these two cases represents reality. This experiment was based on (what is now called) a Bell inequality, and was run for example by the celebrated effort of Aspect, Grangier, and Roger in 1981, who wrote about their findings:


Wood surface was modified by nona-TiO2 coating via sol-gel process at room temperature,followed by low surface energy treatment with stearic acid in order to transform the wood surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. In the meanwhile,the photostability of wood was also improved due to excellent UV-shielding property of nano-TiO2. The surface morphology,structure and chemistry of the treated wood were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy( FE-SEM),energy dispersive X-ray analysis( EDX),and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR). The hydrophobicity and anti-photodiscoloration performance of treated wood were tested. The results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully introduced onto the wood surface,and the long-chain alkyl groups of stearic acid were grafted to provide hydrophobicity. The water contact angles of the treated wood were improved remarkably to approximately 130°displaying high hydrophobicity. The nano-TiO2 films also improved the anti-photodiscoloration performance of wood remarkably. The overall color change( ΔE*) of the wood samples treated with 5% TiO2 sol,was only 45% of the corresponding value of the control samples after 120 h artificial accelerated weathering.


The utility model discloses a screw-type continuous crushing and juicing machine, which comprises a machine frame, a motor, a speed reducer and a coupler, wherein the coupler is connected with a screw rod, an outlet hopper and a water content regulating mechanism are arranged at the other end of the screw rod, and a screen cylinder is arranged at the periphery of the screw rod; a feed hopper is arranged at the upper part of the screen cylinder adjacent to one end of the coupler; a juice collecting pan is arranged at the lower part of the screen cylinder; a cutter is arranged at one end of a feed opening of the screw rod; and the screw pitch of the screw rod from the cutter part along the direction of the outlet hopper gradually reduces. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, good performance, no stuck and high juice efficiency.


Abstract The effect of Ca and rare earth (RE) elements on the microstructure and creep properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy was studied in as cast and semisolid processed conditions. The results showed that in as cast condition of AZ91 alloy grain refinement takes place and the amount of β‐Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase decreases due to addition of Ca and RE elements. Also, two new Al11RE3 and Al2Ca intermetallic compounds are formed in the Ca and RE containing alloy. In the semisolid microstructure, the size and shape factor of the primary globular α‐Mg phase and the size of the α‐Mg grains formed during secondary solidification decrease by adding Ca and RE elements into AZ91 alloy. It was also shown that the creep properties of AZ91 alloy is greatly improved by adding Ca and RE elements in the as cast and semisolid processed specimens.


Simpson et al. [1975], Behmel et al. [1984], and Golabi and Rosen [1984] described an X-linked syndrome, characterized by preand post-natal overgrowth anddysplastic changes in several tissues. Neri et al. [1988] suggested this condition be named Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS). SGBS patients have craniofacial abnormalities, abdominal, skeletal, and urologic malformations, and an increased incidence of embryonic neoplasia such as Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma [Hughes-Benzie et al., 1992]. We describe a 2-year-old boy with SGBS who presented with a hepatic lesion, which upon resection was found to be a vascular malformation. In addition to developing visceral solid malignancies, SGBS patients may also be at risk for developing vascular malformations. The patient was born at 40 4/7weeks to a 17-yearold primigravid mother who is a known carrier of SGBS and part of the family studied by Chen et al. [1993]. Multiple anomalies identified in utero included polyhydramniosis, fetal macrosomia, truncus arteriosus with ventricular septal defect, and renal pyelectasis. At birth the patient weighed 4.3 kg (93rd centile), was 52 cm long (75th centile) with a head circumference of 36 cm (55th centile). He had a broad, flat nasal bridge, macroglossia, bilateral renal cysts, distal phalangeal hypoplasia, and diastasis recti. He underwent repair of a type II truncus arteriosus, atrial septal aneurysm, and secundum atrial septal defect few days after birth. His karyotype was 46,XY. At age 1 year, magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to evaluate a potential tethered cord. This was not found, but a focal lesion in the right posterior liver was identified incidentally. The patient was followed closely clinically due to the concern for visceral tumors in this population, and follow-up computed tomography confirmed a vascular appearing mass (Fig. 1). Serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin and a-fetoprotein levels were normal. A tagged red blood cell nuclear scan was obtained, but the study did not show focal pooling in the liver consistent with a hemangioma or vascular malformation. Due to uncertainty of diagnosis, the mass was excised without complication. This was a 1.7 1.5 1.3 cm unencapsulated lesion composed of multiple variably sized vessels with


In peripheral nerves MSCs can modulate Wallerian degeneration and the overall regenerative response by acting through paracrine mechanisms directly on regenerating axons or upon the nerve-supporting Schwann cells. In the present study, the effect of human MSCs from Wharton's jelly (HMSCs), differentiated into neuroglial-like cells associated to poly (DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone) membrane, on nerve regeneration, was evaluated in the neurotmesis injury rat sciatic nerve model. Results in vitro showed successful differentiation of HMSCs into neuroglial-like cells, characterized by expression of specific neuroglial markers confirmed by immunocytochemistry and by RT-PCR and qPCR targeting specific genes expressed. In vivo testing evaluated during the healing period of 20 weeks, showed no evident positive effect of HMSCs or neuroglial-like cell enrichment at the sciatic nerve repair site on most of the functional and nerve morphometric predictors of nerve regeneration although the nociception function was almost normal. EPT on the other hand, recovered significantly better after HMSCs enriched membrane employment, to values of residual functional impairment compared to other treated groups. When the neurotmesis injury can be surgically reconstructed with an end-to-end suture or by grafting, the addition of a PLC membrane associated with HMSCs seems to bring significant advantage, especially concerning the motor function recovery.


Organic thin-film transistors based on a high mobility n-type semiconductor poly{[n,n9-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,59-(2,29-bithiophene)} P(NDI2OD-T2) and different polymer gate dielectrics are fabricated. The average electron mobility decreases from 0.76 to 0.08 cm2/Vs with the increase of the gate dielectric constant from 2.6 to 7.8. The P(NDI2OD-T2) film shows unconventional face-on molecular packing, which results in short distances and pronounced interactions between electrons and gate dielectric. Therefore, the decrease of the electron mobility with the increasing dielectric constant is attributed to the Frohlich polaron effect for the interaction between electrons in the channel and ionic polarization cloud in the gate dielectric.


The basic assumption of the paper is that an extended meaning of a language represents the weakness of a concrete meaning that a language originally has. The extension of meaning in a language stands for abstractness of meaning. The abstract meaning of a morpheme underlies the meaning of a suffix, a case-mark, and an ending rather than the meaning of an independent noun Words like 'kae(개:dog), tol(돌:stone), and al(알:egg)' in Korean undergo the change of meaning and function as well. The extended meanings of 'kae, tol, and al' reflect the image created by the characteristics of an object. If the extended meaning possesses a specific meaning, it causes the functional change of a language. Given such an assumption, in this paper, an analogy plays a vital role in leading to a language change. Based on this theory, the change of meanings and functions of prefixes, 'kae-, tol-, and al-' results from the role of analogy.


Leukemic infiltration of the optic nerve is considered as a neuro-ophthalmic emergency and may be indicative of systemic and/or central nervous system relapse of the disease. These patients have hyperleukocytosis characterized by increased viscosity of blood causing leukostatic retinopathy and retinal vascular occlusions. In this case report, we describe a young male with simultaneous infiltrative and leukostatic manifestations in the posterior segment of the eye, which was the initial sign of relapse of leukemia. The case highlights the importance of meticulous and early eye examinations in patients with hematological malignancies, as it may impact the long-term survival of the patient.


With the expectation of Fed's exit from quantitative easing expectations was increasing, the gold future prices continued to fall, and its investment risk is constantly accumulated. Whether to capture the volatility of gold futures has long memory characteristic, considering the low frequency data can lead to the lack of market information, this paper adopts the COMEX gold and SHFE gold five minutes of high frequency data, build the ARFIMA-FIGARCH and ARFIMA-HYGARCH models to analyze its long memory characteristic in volatility process. The results show that both of gold futures volatility have long memory characteristic, in addition, the ARFIMA-HYGARCH model can depict the gold futures has strong long memory in the volatility process. Gold futures volatility have long memory is a great significance for risk prediction and management. Key-words: quantitative easing; gold futures; volatility; long memory; FIGARCH; HYGARCH


Consider <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cooperative but non-communicating players where each plays one out of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> arms for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> turns. Players have different utilities for each arm, represented as an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N\times M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> matrix. These utilities are unknown to the players. In each turn, players select an arm and receive a noisy observation of their utility for it. However, if any other players selected the same arm in that turn, all colliding players will receive zero utility due to the conflict. No communication between the players is possible. We propose two distributed algorithms which learn fair matchings between players and arms while minimizing the regret. We show that our first algorithm learns a max-min fairness matching with near-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\log T)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regret (up to a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log \log T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> factor). However, if one has a known target Quality of Service (QoS) (which may vary between players) then we show that our second algorithm learns a matching where all players obtain an expected reward of at least their QoS with constant regret, given that such a matching exists. In particular, if the max-min value is known, a max-min fairness matching can be learned with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regret.


This article analyzes a typical numerical method to deal with maintaining vehicle's track for self-governed (autonomous) driving and obstacle avoidance. The new approach utilizes the established cost function definition consolidating the basic aspect of the dynamic conditions of the vehicle as position, orientation, and maximum allowed speed on road. The optimization processes minimize the cost function while determining the ideal track by fluctuating steering-angle and braking-ratio amplitudes. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication framework is viably used through providing data on maximal road speed and road's obstacle dimensions. The parametric definition of obstacles creates an adaptable domain for low and high-speed simulations. The minimal number of influential optimization variables ensures a steady and direct generation of ideal results. By the current novel approach, we are independently able to move the vehicle on an arbitrary track approximated by low-order polynomials. Simulation tests are performed under vehicle's speeds of 10m/s, 18 m/s whilst utilizing most important features of Vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems.


INTRODUCTION The administration of topical medications to wound sites in the course of wound care is one of the most documented areas of medical history. This chapter, now updated with advancements achieved in the past 10 years, examines many of the popular wound treatments, most of which stem from folk law rather than true science, and provides a summary of the more recently popular growth factors that are emerging for topical use in chronic or difficult wounds. Beyond the topical agents examined in this chapter, there is also a huge range of agents such as phenytoin, botanical extracts, raw honey, enzymes, minerals, and animal proteins that have been investigated for their effects on wound healing that may warrant more attention in further updates.


The stochastic Phase Locked Loop (PLL) system is an appealing and non-trivial case in stochastic system theory. The equation describing the stochastic PLL system is a second-order non-linear fluctuation equation. In this paper, the stochastic version of the Phase Locked Loop system, which accounts the noise contribution at the output of the multiplier, is analysed from estimation-theoretic viewpoint. The estimation theory of the second-order PLL system is accomplished using the Kolmogorov forward and backward equations. As a result of this, a set of two estimation evolution equations for the stochastic problem of concern here is obtained. Approximate evolution equations that can be regarded as a convenient structure from the numerical simulation view point are derived as well.


AIMS AND METHOD

To canvass the opinions of psychiatrists working in forensic settings on the recent proposals relating to dangerous people with severe personality disorder (DSPD). Psychiatrists from secure settings were invited to a series of meetings. A questionnaire was circulated and the discussions recorded.

RESULTS

Opinion remains divided over diagnosis, treatability and assessment of risk in personality disorders. The medicalisation of DSPD to allow indeterminate detention in unconvicted cases is unacceptable to the majority (75%). There is no consensus on the Government proposals relating to DSPD. Only a minority (20%) of psychiatrists would work in a new specialist service, which has significant implications for service development.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

The involvement of psychiatrists in preventative detention solely for public protection requires greater discussion.


On March 17,1988, the Executive Committee of the Council of Writing Program Administrators voted unanimously to endorse the Wyoming Conference Resolution. The resolution calls on the Executive Committee of CCCC to formulate professional standards for salary levels and working conditions of postsecondary writing teachers, to set up grievance procedures against institutions which fail to comply with these standards, and to establish means to censure publicly institutions found to be in non-compliance (see Appendix). Because the Wyoming Conference Resolution focuses at long last on important issues concerning the unfair treatment of writing teachers, we believe it represents an important step forward in the growing political maturity and self-determination of composition studies and writing programs.


The Internet of Things technology make us depending on a machine to control a massive part of our life by collecting more personal information. The data collected and stored with these devices such as your name, age, health data, location and more can aid cyberattack activity. The first step to face these threats is to classify it and determine the risk according to different classes of users. This paper introduces classification to IoT threats from a user perspective. The classification is done by collecting the opinion of 80 users divided into three classes. Our proposed classification is done by AHP algorithm to calculate the weigh and determine the risk of each threat according to users classes. The result will contribute to create more secure and reliable IoT services and systems. Index Terms : analytic hierarchy process, Internet of Things, Quality of service, security risk, Threat. ——————————  ——————————


The protective polymolecular layers formed on the surface of 12Kh18N10T chromium-nickel stainless steel in a solution of sulfuric acid with IFKhAN-92 (a triazole derivative) added is shown to have the protective afteraction in the same acid. The effectiveness of the protective afteraction of mixtures containing IFKhAN-92 is determined by the time of preliminary adsorption of the inhibitor, its concentration in the solution of preliminary adsorption, the temperatures of the solution of preliminary adsorption of the inhibitor and the background acid solution. The layers formed on steel by the IFKhAN-92 + KNCS and IFKhAN-92 + KI compositions have the highest protective afteraction. These layers protect steel at 80 °С in the background 2 M H2SO4. An increase in temperature of the solutions of preliminary adsorption of inhibitors enhances their protective afteraction, which indicates chemical nature of the interaction of the inhibitor molecules with the steel surface. The composition and the structure of the protective layers formed on the steel surface was studied by XPS analysis. The protective layer is chemically bonded to the phase of hydroxides and oxides of Fe, Cr and Ni, adjacent to the metallic phase. The lower part of the protective polymolecular layer of the organic inhibitor consists of a polymer complex formed by molecules of IFKhAN-92 and metal cations (Fe, Cr and Ni). The outer part of the protective organic layer consists of physically adsorbed molecules IFKhAN-92, easily removed from the metal surface during ultrasonic washing of samples.


According to the results from the evaluation, that was enforced by the Academic Affairs of Y University in the year 2002, the satisfaction level of interiors of classrooms appeared to be very low Only 11.6% of the respondents said that they felt comfortable in classroom environment The other 54.8% said that they were unsatisfied with the physical quality of classrooms at school In addition, students demanded a change in such items as lighting, air circulation, room temperature, worn out chairs and desks, and the size of the classrooms It is surprising to see that classrooms that have been built during the evolution of technology have created such a discomfort to students Therefore, creating a comfortable environment for all classrooms throughout the campus by applying a systematic approach that would meet students' needs is the purpose of research The results show that the project of remodeling has improved the quality of classrooms and increased the level of satisfaction on the overall classroom environment


New nitrate and nitrite complexes of metalloporphyrins have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized, and their photochemistry has been examined. Irradiation of Mn(TPP)(NO 3 ) and Mn(TPP)(NO 2 ) (where TPP=5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinate(2-)) produces the high-valent metal-oxo species O=Mn IV (TPP) quantitatively, with quantum yields of 1.58×10 −4 and 5.30×10 −4 , respectively. This metal-oxo species is capable of oxidizing substrates, as demonstrated in reactions with styrene or triphenylphosphine


The literary thought of Yan Zhitui not only inherits the tranditional saying and its revision, but also takes into consideration on the emerging literary trend of thought. However, this literary characteristic is inevitably linked to its ideological framework on parental precept. With form analysis assessed based on the characteristic shown in the structure and narration, this article is mainly to elucidate the commonality and similarity between literary critique and parental precept in order to denounce the perception that there is no absolute linkage between these two concepts. The conclusion obtained in this study is able to demonstrate the differences between Yan Zhitui and other literary critics. This particularly provides the best perspective for details research on the scholars` mentalities of Northern Dynasty and its socio-culture.


LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) became one of the most popular display devices in these days. The TFT(Thin Film Transistor) substrate is the key part of active matrix LCD. TFT is an electrical device to activate a displaying cell. To display an image precisely, several millions of identical transistors are patterned on a wide glass panel. Since a minute damage on the pattern can causes a serious defect to display, it is important to inspect the pattern precisely. Taking the advantage of the fact that the pattern of good cell should be identical to that of adjacent cells, it would be a convenient way to compare a cell with its neighbor cells to find a defect. In practical applications, if the period of repetition could be represented as an integer number of digitized image pixel, it would be possible to find a damaged pixel readily. However, the period of pattern depends on the product size and cannot be determined as an integer always. In this paper, so called, pseudo-matching magnification algorithm has been introduced to solve the problem. A digital image was magnified and period of pattern can be determined as an integer from the processed image. It has been shown that the defects could be enhanced after the preprocessing of digital image. As a result, a TFT-pattern inspection system has been developed and it has been shown the proposed method is compatible for the inspection of repeated pattern.