Purpose: First to characterize the factors responsible for non‐unity corrections in nonstandard beam dosimetry and provide conceptual solutions to minimize corrections. Second to provide methods to estimate uncertainties accurately in nonstandard beam dosimetry and achievable levels in clinical situations. Materials:Ionization chamber response to static and dynamic IMRT deliveries is simulated using Monte Carlo and chamber perturbation factors are calculated. An exhaustive characterization and uncertainty analysis method applied to radiochromic film dosimetry is performed. Experimental criteria for achieving required levels of uncertainties are predicted using the method. An implementation of a Monte Carlo based setup positioning‐induced dose uncertainty (PIDU) is performed in egs_chamber to evaluate uncertainties during ionization chamber measurements. An Exradin A12 chamber and a PTW 60012 diode models are used to numerically evaluate PIDU in nonstandard beams. Results: Results show that the factor responsible for large corrections factors in nonstandard beams is the gradient effect. Reporting dose to the sensitive volume of the chamber filled with water reduces the correction factor by half under high gradients. A theoretical expression of correction factors is obtained for ideal nonstandard reference fields. Levels of uncertainty of the order of 0.3% are achieved with strict procedures of radiochromic film dosimetry and show great potential for non‐standard beam measurements. Realistic uncertainties up to 4% on IMRT kQ factor measurements are reported using the Exradin A12 in modulated fields. Realistic uncertainties up to 3% using a PTW 60012 diode are reported for small beam output factor measurements. Conclusions: Reporting dose to the volume of the chamber instead of a point of measurement could reduce the correction factors. Depending on outcomes of future developments corrections could be eliminated. Uncertainties in non‐standard beams are an important issue during QA routine and reference dosimetry and could be a limiting factor in the new protocol generation.


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The objectives of this study were to characterize follicle population, quality and number of oocytes recovered and in vitro embryo production in pre-pubertal Nelore heifers previously exposed to progesterone (P4). The experimental design included 42 Nelore females, distributed into 4 experimental groups, as follows: PP-P4-24d- pre-pubertal heifers undergoing (OPU) previously exposed to P4 (CIDR®, Zoetis) for 24 days n=11); PP-P4-7d– pre-pubertal heifers undergoing OPU previously exposed to P4 for 7 days (n=11); PP – pre-pubertal heifers undergoing OPU without previous P4 priming (Negative Control, n=10); and VC – mature cycling cows undergoing OPU previously exposed to P4 for 7 days ( n=10). On D0, heifers in PP-P4-24d received a CIDR®, which was removed on D7 of the protocol. These same animals received another P4 device on Day 14. Animals in groups PP-P4-7 d and VC received a P4 device for 7 days (Day 24 to 31). All females received intramuscularly 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate (BE; Gonadiol, Schering Plough) on day 24 of the protocol. All devices were removed previously follicular aspiration (Day 31). At the time of OPU, ovaries were examined by ultrasonography to estimate follicular population. Data was analyzed with the procedure GLIMMIX of SAS and shown as means ± SEM. Means were assumed different when P<0.05. The number of recruited follicles (43.3±2.0 vs 58.9±2.4 vs 58.1±2.4 vs 58.2±2.7, P<0.001), number of total oocytes (25.9±1.5 vs 37.1±1.9 vs 41.4±2.3 vs 33.1±2.0, P<0.001), and number of viable oocytes (15.9±1.2 vs 26.1±1.6 vs 30.8±1.8 vs 22.5±1.7, P<0.001) was less in PP-P4-24d than in PP-P4-7d, PP, and VC, respectively. However, there were no differences among groups in terms of total embryos produced per OPU session (4.7±0.7 vs 4.4±0.7 vs 5.1±0.7 vs 4±0.7, respectively for PP-P4-24d, PP-P4-7d, PP, and VC, P=0.7). In addition, the embryo rate (number of embryos/number of viable oocytes) was lower (P<0,001) in PP-P4-7d (18.1%) and PP (15.3%) in comparison to PP-P4-24d (29.7%) and VC (25.9%) groups. As a conclusion, prepubertal Nelore heifers exposed to 24 days of progesterone previously to the OPU presented lower number of follicles and recovered oocytes but higher in vitro embryo production rates.


The unusual properties of the bursting X-ray pulsar GRO J1744-28 are explained in terms of a low-mass X-ray binary system consisting of an evolved stellar companion transferring mass through Roche-lobe overflow onto a neutron star, implying that the inclination of the system is ≲18°. Interpretation of the QPO at frequency νQPO = 40 Hz using the beat-frequency model of Alpar & Shaham and the measured period derivative with the Ghosh & Lamb accretion-torque model implies that the persistent X-ray luminosity of the source is approximately equal to the Eddington luminosity and that the neutron star has a surface equatorial magnetic field Beq ≅ 2 × 1010 (νQPO/40 Hz)-1 G for standard neutron star parameters. This implies a distance to GRO J1744-28 of ≅5 (νQPO/40 Hz)1/6b1/2 kpc, where b < 1 is a correction factor that depends on the orientation of the neutron star.


The model of knowledge ferment is based on mechanism of the creature fermnt analyzing knowledge flow discovers the micro and macro laws in transmitting and innovating knowledge. The internal and external causes affecting innovation were pointed out in knowledge value chain either. Therefore, the management of knowledge flow can be enhanced.


Abbreviations AD Alzheimer's disease APC Antigen-presenting cell α-syn α-Synuclein CNS Central nervous system COX Cyclooxygenase CD Crohn's disease DA Dopaminergic eOPD early onset Parkinson's disease FBXO7 F-box protein 7 GBA Glucocerebrosidase GD Gaucher's disease GCase Glucocerebrosidase GwAS Genome wide association study HLA Human leukocyte antigen IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IL-1β Interleukin-1beta LB Lewy bodies LN Lewy neurites LPS Lipopolysaccharide LRRK2 Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 MPTP 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine MS Multiple sclerosis NO Nitric oxide NR Nuclear receptor PD Parkinson's disease PLA2G6 Phospholipase A2 group vI PPAR Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ROS Reactive oxygen species SN Substantia nigra TH Tyrosine hydroxylase TLR Toll-like receptor TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha vIP vasoactive intestinal peptide Abstract The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and most likely involves numerous environmental and heritable risk factors. Interestingly, many genetic variants, which have been linked to familial forms of PD or identified as strong risk factors, also play a critical role in modulating inflammatory responses. There has been considerable debate in the field as to whether inflammation is a driving force in neurodegeneration or simply represents a response to neuronal death. One emerging hypothesis is that inflammation plays a critical role in the early phases of neurodegeneration. In this review, we will discuss emerging aspects of both innate and adaptive immunity in the context of the pathogenesis of PD. we will highlight recent data from genetic and functional studies that strongly support the theory that genetic susceptibility plays an important role in modulating immune pathways and inflammatory reactions, which may precede and initiate neuronal dys-function and subsequent neurodegeneration. A detailed understanding of such cellular and molecular inflamma-tory pathways is crucial to uncover pathogenic mechanisms linking sporadic and hereditary PD and devise tailored neu-roprotective interventions.


A comparative study of the effect of UV radiation on the structure, mechanical properties and light fastness of two polymeric materials containing of additive C 60 based of low density polyethylene and atactic polymethylmethacrylate. It shown that the introduction of additives into polymers fullerene and irradiation are accompanied by changes in their mechanical properties and light fastness.


The present invention relates to the technology of tea tree cuttage. By using Chuancha tea cutting as mother cutting and through the systemic steps of cutting culture, nursery bed preparation, short cutting shearing and processing, short cutting propagation, shading and covering and seedling management, seedlings of Mingshanzao and Mingshanbaihao for field plantation are obtained. The seedling growing method is fast, and high in quality and yield.


Application of computer in testing technology of interface strength of aircraft composite materials is discussed in this study. Due to the particularity of the loading method, the dynamic evaluation method makes the test result closer to the actual use result and has practical guiding significance, but each dynamic evaluation method still has its limitations. To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional model, this paper proposes the computer integrated model for the comprehensive analysis. The system is implemented and tested on the scenario if aircraft composite materials. The results reflected that the framework can well assist the analysis of the data.


An interview with Prof. Michal Lipson by Prof. Guoqing Chang traces Lipson's professional pathway in the field of silicon photonics.


This article shows the implementation of a wireless image-sensor node capable of taking images of plagues that attack fruits crops. Images can be transmitted over a wireless sensor network in order to build the plague population database and to take appropriate countermeasures in case of infection. Wireless sensor networks are suitable to implement such application, however the technology is certainly conditioned by economic constraints and the tendency is to use low-cost commercial nodes with constrained hardware resources. When trying to build an application that involves acquisition, processing and transmission of images, it is often argued that commercial available nodes can not fulfill the application specifications. Reported approaches to tackle the problem are to design ad-hoc high-performance nodes by using enhanced hardware resources, clearly superior to those of commercial nodes. It increases the cost against the WSN philosophy (i.e. low-cost nodes and constrained hardware resources usage). Contrary to the established, this article shows the achieved design of a low-cost wireless image-sensor nodes that incorporate image handling capabilities with constrained hardware resources. The implemented node and the WSN have achieved all the application requirements. Results and conclusions are offered.


ObjectiveTo explore the methods to enhance the anti-melanoma activity of TIL. MethodsTIL was stimulated by malignant melanoma vaccine and the change of its anti-tumor activity was observed. ResultsAfter stimulated TIL was cultured for 10, 20, 30 and 40 days with autologous malignant melanoma cells in vitro, the killing rates of TIL were increased obviously in compare with unstimulated TIL, especially those TIL cultured for 30 days showed the highest anti-tumor activity(P0.05). ConclusionThe results indicate that the TIL stimulated by malignant melanoma vaccine possessed higher killing function for autologous malignant melanoma cells in vitro.


Background: Lung cancer is a chronic respiratory disease that causes muscle dysfunction. Giving creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with exercise has efficacy in increasing lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and physical function. This study aims to analyze the effect of a combination of creatine monohydrate supplementation and upper limb exercise on skeletal muscle dysfunction in NSCLC patients.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest study on NSCLC patients given epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) – tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) from outpatient at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta in September - October 2021. The combination group of creatine monohydrate supplementation with upper limb exercise (n=15), the group with creatine monohydrate supplementation only (n=16), and the control group (n=15). Lean body mass in kilograms and percentages, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and quality of life were assessed after 8 weeks of treatment.Results: The increase in LBM in the combination group was 4.22 ±1.81kg and 6.38 ±2.48% (p=0.000). The combination groups have a greater increase in the 6MWT was 104 ± 20.07 meters. The increase in quality of life in the combined creatine monohydrate supplementation group with upper limb exercise was 20.80 ± 10.75. Changes in the value of LBM, 6MWT, and quality of life (QoL) in the creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with upper limb exercise were significantly different compared to the creatine monohydrate supplementation only group and the control groups.Conclusion: There is a greater effect of giving a combination of creatine monohydrate supplementation and upper limb exercise on LBM, 6MWT, and QoL in NSCLC patients.


In this study the effect of humic substances, garlic ( Allium sativum L.), wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium ) and walnut ( Juglans regia ) on carcass parameters of broiler chickens were studied. Broiler chickens Ross 308 (n=60) were divided into 3 groups (n=20). The chickens of the control group were fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. Chickens in the first experimental group E1were fed a diet containing 1.5% of humic substances, 0.4% of garlic powder and 0.1% of wormwood. Chickens in the second experimental group E2 were fed a diet containing 1.5% of humic substances, 0.4% of garlic powder and 0.1% of walnut.  The carcass weight, weight of heart, liver, gizzard, carcass yield and EPEF were evaluated. The carcass weight was in both experimental groups higher, but no statistically significant (P>0.05) in compare with the control group (values in the order of the groups: 1246.93±172.61; 1352.16±139.89 and 1308.30±166.17 g±SD). In the first experimental group E1 were weight of heart (12.15±2.29 g±SD) and weight of gizzard (41.58±7.44 g±SD) significantly higher (P≤0.05) compared to the control group (9.99 ±1.82; 33.62±5.03 g±SD).


The invention relates to an anticollision buffer ring for a bridge pier. The buffer ring comprises an anticollision buffer ring body arranged around the bridge pier; the anticollision buffer ring body comprises a plurality of buffer units connected through lock chains; the buffer units comprise a plurality of energy dissipation posts connected through the lock chains and a plurality of cylindrical fenders uniformly distributed on the energy dissipation posts, the axes of the fenders and the axes of the energy dissipation posts are vertically intersected, a plurality of axial filling holes are formed in the energy dissipation posts and are filled with energy dissipation materials, and the fenders comprise shells and rubber posts arranged in the shells. According to the anticollision buffer ring for the bridge pier, the energy dissipation can be performed by the plasticity and elastic deformation in the process of impacting, and a great quantity of impact force can be cut down to enable a ship to tend to stop or stop; meanwhile, a plurality of buffer units are connected through the lock chains, and the buffer ring can be maintained by changing single buffer unit, so that the maintenance cost is low.


AbstractThe project manager role is complex and project managers face a variety of challenges. One of the challenges could be to lead a project, where the members sit in various places in so-called virtual or distributed projects. This is a form of project increasing in number, as the technology to communicate improves and becomes more widely available. This is also the case in the public sector, where the ambition is to reduce traveling for environmental and economic reasons. We asked ourselves what the project managers for distributed projects in the public sector see as important factors for creating effective teams. We define efficiency in virtual teams as meeting or exceeding performance requirements, promoting the project team collaboration, and tend to each project member's individual needs. We used grounded theory as our method and made a qualitative study. Interviews were conducted with six project manager in the public sector, who shared their experiences of leading and participating in virtual projects. Based on our respondents' answers, we identified four key areas that are particularly important for the virtual project to work effectively. These are: the use of technology, the importance of the face-to-face meeting, the project manager's leadership skills and cultural understanding. In addition to these, we found factors affecting the project manager's ability to lead the project which is not directly linked to the project. The project manager has little or no opportunity to influence them. We call them public barriers, external cooperation problems, resource competition, learning and prerequisites. A review of the literature in the field of virtual projects showed a deficit of research in virtual projects in the public sector in Sweden. Our study showed that cooperation between agencies can be challenging both technically and culturally. How this kind of authority partnerships could be streamlined is a study area suitable for further research. A similar study as the one we have conducted that focuses on project members instead of project managers' experiences of virtual projects could provide a different perspective on working in virtual teams.


The aim of this research was to identify the level of emotional dependency in a group of abused women. For this, we followed a quantitative approach of non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive design. A sample of 41 battered women users of the Program called Programa del Vaso de Leche from the district of Tres de Diciembre in Jun?n was employed. We first used the questionnaire known as tox?metro to detect cases immersed in situations of physical or psychological violence. Then we used the Inventario de Dependencia Emocional ? IDE (Emotional Dependency Inventory) that was created in Peru, it is made up of 49 items and seven dimensions. The results show that there is a high level of emotional dependency in the study sample. Based on those, a plan of intervention was developed for the benefit of those affected


The paper proposes analytical models of two types of multi-RED queues, WRED and RIO-C, serving as droppers in DiffServ networks. Both are scrutinized under two types of configuration of threshold parameters: staggered and overlapped. The proposed analysis uses the M(n)/M/1/K and M(n)/D/1/K queuing models (queuing systems with balking). Additionally, in the case of RIO-C, a Bernoulli scheme is adopted in the model. The models are validated under two types of traffic: ftp-like and web-like. Recommendations on the selection of the most appropriate model are provided.


Cloud computing methodology is a conceptual based technology which is used widely nowaday. Cloud Computing is an emerging technology which offers an innovative business model for the organizations with massive data without upfront investment, but most of the organizations still hesitate to explore their business over cloud due to security issues. Data privacy protection and data retrieval control is one of the most challenging research works in cloud computing due to confidentiality of user data. Security is one of the major issues which hamper the growth of cloud. This Paper focuses on specific analysis of privacy preservation techniques, comparative analysis and challenges.


The invention relates to a powder comprising an agent BLOWER powder, which is coated with at least one OILY like substance on its surface. Also disclosed is a method for producing said powder comprising a core DUST blowing agent, which is coated with at least one oily substance on its surface. Said method comprises the steps (A) and (B): (A) adding at least one oily substance FOG IN THE FORM OF A DUST blowing agent; AND (B) admixing said SUBSTANCE WITH BLOWING DUST AGENT UNDER CONDITIONS SUCH DUST blowing agent is less susceptible to pulverization.


Two-stage gravel pack sand control technology solves the problem of silt sand blockage in traditional high-pressure gravel pack, effectively improves the effective period and flow conductivity of the gravel pack. This technique has been widely used in the development of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, but the related studies still remain insufficient. In this paper, a sand control evaluation model based on additional pressure of the gravel packed layer is proposed for two-stage gravel packing sand control wells. Firstly, the complex mechanisms of sand plugging in gravel pack is divided into two types, horizontal and vertical, and the calculation model of dynamic permeability of the gravel pack is established. The finite element model of two-stage gravel packing sand control wells based on fluid-solid coupling is established by multi-physical coupling software COMSOL. The additional pressure drop of the sand control wells under various construction parameters is evaluated. Applying this method to evaluate a two-stage gravel packing well in Shengli Oilfield, it is concluded that after 200 days of production, the gravel pack's additional pressure drop of the traditional packing increases to 2.5 MPa, while the overall additional pressure difference of two-stage gravel packing is stable at about 1.3 MPa. It is proved that two-stage gravel packing sand control technology can effectively reduce the additional pressure drop and improve the productivity of oil well after completion.


R-1 Superantigen-allergen synergy: a novel mechanism of cutaneous atopic disease M.R. Ardern-Jones, A.P. Black, E.A. Bateman and G.S. Ogg Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Although clinical and laboratory evidence support roles for both staphylococcal infection and environmental allergens in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, human studies have largely considered these two ubiquitous variables independently. We sought to test the hypothesis that staphylococcal superantigen influences the allergen-specific T-cell response. Using overlapping Der p 1 peptides in a cultured ELISpot assay, we determined that individuals with atopic dermatitis demonstrated significantly more frequent (P < 0.0001) and stronger (P < 0.0001) interleukin (IL)-4 responses when compared to nonatopic controls. We went on to map a novel Der p 1 epitope and used HLA DR15 class II tetrameric complexes guided cell sorting to show that specific CD4+ T cells were able to recognise the peptide presented by DR15+ keratinocytes. We observed that staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) selectively enhanced the IL-4 Der p 1-specific T-cell response. This was mediated by two additive novel mechanisms: firstly, SEBinduced IL-4 promoted Der p 1-specific CD4+ T-cell production of Th2 cytokines by a factor of · 1.518 ± 0.098 (n = 23); and secondly, SEB-induced IFN-c promotes class II and ICAM-1 expression by keratinocytes thus enhancing presentation of the Der p 1 epitope to a CD4+ T-cell line grown against the peptide by a factor of · 11.5–13.9. We propose that handling of staphylococcal infection is a critical step in the manifestation of the allergen-specific T-cell response with implications for the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of atopic disease.


Tailorability is the ability of fabrics to be shaped, cut, and sewn to fit a particular body shape or garment style. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing fabrics that are highly tailorable to meet the diverse needs of consumers. This paper provides an overview of the current research on the tailorability of fabrics. The review focuses on the methods used to measure the tailorability of fabrics, factors affecting tailorability, and predicting tailorability. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for further research in this area.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome that is marked by eleveted blood sugar level, which the prevalence globally increased yearly. Data from WHO, estimated that 3,8 million people around the world suffering from diabetes mellitus. The disease is characterized by high blood glucose levels that often lead to complications. The most frequent complications experienced by patients with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes is neuropathy. The objective of this research is to know the number of cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2, of diabetic neuropathy, and neuropatic chraracteristics in DM type 2. The research is made on an observasional descriptive design with cross sectional approach, using medical record files as samples. The population in this research were all patient DM type 2 whom meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study obtained the number of cases of DM type 2 patients as many as 170 people with 100 of whom suffered from diabetic neuropathy. The number of the male patients is 51%. The most frequent complaints are perceived neuropathy in feet, which is 27%. And as many as 27% had experienced a diabetic ulcer.


The Regional Revenue Management Agency of Kebumen Regency is a government agency that manages regional revenue in Kebumen Regency. The design of automatic curtains is expected to make it easier for office employees to use the facilities. This automatic curtain uses a flow chart and programming logic in designing programs for the light intensity of the IR sensor and the LDR sensor as an automatic curtain indicator using a remote. The design of the automatic curtain consists of an IR sensor and an LDR sensor as input, Arduino UNO as a processor, Relay as a component that transmits commands from the Arduino UNO to the motor, and motor as the output of this project. Automatic curtains at BAPEDA Kebumen can make it easier for employees to use office facilities to make them more durable, more comfortable, and more effective during working hours or on holidays because of the automatic curtain system that has been made.


With the improvement of comprehensive national power and technology, China's agricultural economy has shown good development in recent years. While harvesting achievements, we should also pay attention to the existence of problems and strive to improve and solve them in various aspects such as basic research and policy formulation. In this paper, we combine visual analysis ideas to analyze and sort out the obtained agricultural data in detail, and introduce cluster analysis model and principal component analysis model for professional analysis and interpretation on this basis to explore the main influencing factors of China's agricultural development. This study aims to promote the continuous deepening of the research in this field and guide the proposal of its development and the improvement of policies.


Cognitive Networks are characterized by their intelligence and adaptability. Securing layered heterogeneous network architectures has always posed a major challenge to researchers. In this paper, the Observe, Orient, Decide and Act (OODA) loop is adopted to achieve cognition. Intelligence is incorporated by the use of discrete time dynamic neural networks. The use of dynamic neural networks is considered, to monitor the instantaneous changes that occur in heterogeneous network environments when compared to static neural networks. Malicious user node identification is achieved by monitoring the service request rates generated to the cognitive servers. The results and the experimental study presented in this paper prove the improved efficiency in terms of malicious node detection and malicious transaction classification when compared to the existing systems.


This article explores the geopolitics of liberal evangelicalism, Christian Realism, and the ecumenical movement as collective responses to the rise of "secularism" after World War I. Alternatively, it considers how liberal Protestants looked to Roman Catholicism for support in their defence of the Christian identity of the United States and the West more generally. The long history of Christian anti-secularism in America complicates familiar portraits of liberal Protestants as agents of secularisation.


1Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China; 2Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA


The non-identity problem arises from the fact that in some situations, our choices determine not only the quality of life that people will enjoy in the future, but the identity of the people who will exist to enjoy it. In such cases, the application of moral principles that seem relatively uncontroversial in more familiar contexts can yield results that most people fi nd unacceptable. The problem is thus one of determining how, if at all, these common sense moral beliefs must be revised in light of their implications for our obligations to those future people whose identity we can (at least in part) control. The problem seems to have been discovered independently in the late 1970's by Derek Parfi t, Thomas Schwartz, and Robert M. Adams, and is now most closely identifi ed with Parfi t, whose 1976 article "On Doing the Best for Our Children" was among the fi rst to report it, whose seminal 1984 book Reasons and Persons, contains its fullest and most infl uential treatment, and who gave it the name by which it is now most commonly known.


Objective:To investigate the expression of fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene in gallbladder carcinoma and to explore its possible relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods:The expression of FHIT in 51 cases of primary gallbladder carcinoma,15 cases of gallbladder adenoma and 12 cases of chronic cholecystitis was determined by streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method.Results:The positive expression rates of FHIT in gallbladder carcinoma,gallbladder adenoma and chronic cholecystitis were 47.1,66.7 and 91.7,respectively,and their difference had statistical significance(P0.005).In gallbladder carcinoma,the expression of FHIT had no correlation with the age,gender,histologic type,Nevin staging and gallbladder stone(P0.05),but loss of FHIT expression correlated significantly with higher histological grading and lymph node or distant metastasis as well as lesser survival time after operation(P0.05).Conclusions:FHIT gene may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene of gallbladder carcinoma.Loss of FHIT expression plays an important role in the pathogenesis and evolution of gallbladder carcinoma and may be used as a new indicator for clinical assessment of tumor biological behavior and prognosis in patients with gallbladder carcinoma.


When excited by a microwave discharge, pairs of gaseous oxygen molecules radiate strong luminescence and display bimolecular oscillatory transitions. At low pressures the intensities of both processes have an unusual density dependence, increasing with decreasing density, indicating molecular competition between radiative and nonradiative decay schemes. The data provide the first direct observation of a weakly bound ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ structure.


The Australian telematics market is beginng to emerge from its embryonic state. Consumers are now broadly aware of the possibilities of vehicle tracking and navigation. Commercial vehicle operators are also aware of the business case for telematics, and have largely tackled the obstacles to tracking the mobile workforce. Bouyed by international trends and the steady optioning rates for their second generation telematics programs, local vehicle manufacturers are developing roadmaps for third generation telematics systems that will move beyond vehicle security and personal safety. This paper provides an insight into the evolution of the Australia Telematics industry as it wrestles to understand and implement telematics solutions that make economic sense and provide real value to motorists. This paper will also provide an overview of a recent industry project that gives shape to what third generation telematics services may look like in the future.


Enterprise as an inevitable embedded in social organizations had human civilization social soil. In addition to the in-situ since long, a corporation consumes natural-social resources for their survival. The consumption of natural-social resources of enterprises on the State and society are in debt, it should be confirmed and cleared by control and measurement of means, with which reached back to reinforcing social reproduction to maintain a balance between the objectives of sustainable development. In addition to his own consumed the social cost and clear of the debt to be equilibrium, that a corporation fulfills social responsibility is in the light of the balance of the repayment of the community, which also based on the Chinese specific cultural connotation. The national executive power should have good design and effective control on the performance of the return-equilibrium in corporate social responsibility in order to carry out the goal.


This study compares serum IL-33 levels in atopic asthma (AA) patients and normal controls to determine serum IL-33 levels. centrifuged for 5 min at 2000 rpm to obtain the serum and were analyzed for IL Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS version 20.0. The results showed serum IL levels were higher in atopic asthma patients statistically significantwith a presults also showed no significant difference in IL p-value 0.396 determined by a Kruskal Wallis test. There was no significant difference of serum IL-33 levels between normal controls and AA patients. The l predisposing factors showed significant associations in smoking status and occupational exposure.


This chapter provides a look at the philosophically interesting aspects of Razi's abundantly extant works on medicine, which were heavily influenced by Galen but also independent-minded and informed by Razi's own medical practice. After surveying the range of his medical works and their various purposes, the chapter examines specific topics including his anthropology and anatomical theory and his medical epistemology, under which heading it is asked how far medicine is based on empirical evidence as opposed to theories taken over from natural philosophy. Finally, the chapter examines Razi's authorial persona in his medical output. This is itself based on Galen's self-presentation as an unusually skilled doctor who could correct the judgments of both contemporaries and ancient authorities.


PurposeThis research would like to address the issues associated with individual entrepreneurial orientation, which involves entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial ability as the key determinants of MSME growth. It will also explore both mediating and moderating roles of employee motivation and government intervention, respectively during the pandemic situation.Design/methodology/approachA purposive sampling technique was applied during pilot study and during the final data collection phases. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted using varimax rotation to reduce a large number of variables into a smaller set of interpretable underlying factors. Further CFA and SEM are respectively applied to examine the psychometric properties of the scales and test the hypotheses of the research model.FindingsThe study's findings revealed a favourable association between entrepreneurial orientation, business financing, management, market practices, and MSME growth performance. The results support the notion that government policy plays a significant role as a full moderator.Practical implicationsAlthough the MSME sector receives government support, its implementation requires a skilled leader who can run the business profitability. The findings support this objective.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to give important insights into one of the understudied but quickly expanding MSME entrepreneurship, and how this environment influences individual entrepreneurial orientation and the formation of entrepreneurial leadership. This opens up a previously unexplored area for fresh insights and future study on enhancing entrepreneurship development research and practice for the MSME sector.


One of the current main goals of artificial intelligence and robotics research is the creation of an artificial assistant which can have flexible, human like behavior, in order to accomplish everyday tasks. A lot of what is context-independent task knowledge to the human is what enables this flexibility at multiple levels of cog-


The Red Cross community feedback system enabled rapid collection and analysis of extensive verbal feedback during an Ebola outbreak in eastern DRC. Using this information, Ebola response leaders adapted strategies to address community concerns. In an epidemic, community feedback is critical to ensure that response strategies are accepted and appropriate. Key Findings Ebola-affected communities in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo had questions about the outbreak, doubts about the reality of Ebola, and concerns about health care and the Ebola vaccination program. In peak outbreak areas, beliefs that Ebola response teams were stealing organs and bodies declined after burial teams introduced transparent body bags. Similarly, calls for making vaccination "more fair" declined after Ebola vaccination eligibility was expanded. Key Implications The model for recording community feedback provided rapid, ongoing comments from neighborhoods and villages where Ebola response activities were underway, allowing people to share perceptions, questions, and concerns in their own words. Local volunteers were central to the model's success because they were involved in the rapid collection, coding, and interpretation of feedback and applying it to response activities. Collecting continuous community feedback throughout an emergency response enables response teams to answer questions, consider suggestions, and adapt interventions to better meet community needs and preferences. Local health departments everywhere could employ this approach to enhance community engagement. ABSTRACT Background: Efforts to contain the spread of Ebola in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during the 2018–2020 epidemic faced challenges in gaining community trust and participation. This affected implementation of community alerts, early isolation, contact tracing, vaccination, and safe and dignified burials. To quickly understand community perspectives and improve community engagement, collaborators from the DRC Red Cross, the International Federation of the Red Cross, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explored a new method of collecting, coding, and quickly analyzing community feedback. Methods: Over 800 DRC Red Cross local volunteers recorded unstructured, free-text questions and comments from community members during community Ebola awareness activities. Comments were coded and analyzed using a text-coding system developed by the collaborators. Coded comments were then aggregated and qualitatively grouped into major themes, and time trends were examined. Results: Communities reported a lack of information about the outbreak and the response, as well as concerns about the Ebola vaccination program and health care quality. Some doubted that Ebola was real. The response used the feedback to revise some community engagement approaches. For example, 2 procedural changes that were followed by drops in negative community responses were: using transparent body bags, which allayed fears that bodies or organs were being stolen, and widening the eligibility criteria for Ebola vaccination, which addressed concerns that selectively vaccinating individuals within Ebola-affected communities was unfair. Discussion: This system is unique in that unstructured feedback collected by local volunteers in the course of their work was rapidly coded, analyzed, and given to health authorities for use in making course corrections throughout the response. It provides a platform for local voices to be heard throughout an emergency response and provides a mechanism for assessing the effects of program adjustments on community sentiments.


This paper focuses on young and "middle" Ludwig Wittgenstein's reflections on nature of will, action and expectation. It is argued that if empiricist lines of thought in Wittgenstein's work are followed he appears to consider imperative sentences as near-identical or even reducible to sentences expressing expectations. Firstly, Wittgenstein's account of imperative sentences (commands) will be established; thereupon an investigation into the preliminary structure of obeying command will be undertaken as the basis of further discussion. In following paragraphs, we will analyze Wittgenstein's view on the relation of act to will, briefly discussing the concept of will itself. To conclude the paper is a discussion of the nature of expectation and its fulfillment. Wittgenstein's philosophical development is briefly alluded to only where relevant to the discussion.


An assessment of valid internal irradiation doses of rural inhabitants from six settlements of Belarus Polesye have been conducted. Basing on diet preferences an income of each of the diet component to overall internal irradiation dose was stated. The groups of population from inside the settlements which have significant differences in internal doses were registered.


A new species, Oeonistis vithurensis is described from Western Ghats of India. Dichotomous key to the known species of Oeonistis Hubner is also given.


The urbanization process in China just began. (2)Urban problems emerged in the Industrial Age and their solutions are reviewed. (3)Though there will be no confirmations to all kinds of speculations and predictions, it is necessary to touch some issues out of curiosity.


To product large high-quality forage grass and solve the long-standing disequilibrium between the capacity of grass and the quantity of livestock being in Xinjiang animai husbandry, it is important to introduce and select some good quality and high output forage grass breeding suitable for conditions in Xinjiang. In the article, the author analysed and discussed the ecological and biological characteristics of fine forage grass breeding planted and introduced in Xinjiang at present. The article would be contributed to inducing and selecting fine grass suitable for Xinjiang and to promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry.


During the last few decades, a large effort has been invested into deciphering the causes of large‐scale diversity patterns, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) (Pontarp et al., 2019). Empirically, it has been shown that species richness is positively related to climate (namely temperature, water availability and the resulting ecosystem productivity; Currie, 1991; Hawkins et al., 2003), area of a region (Rosenzweig, 1995), environmental stability (Jetz & Fine, 2012) and topographical heterogeneity (Davies et al., 2007). The theories put forward to explain these patterns can be distinguished into three major classes (Pontarp et al., 2019). One class comprises Received: 30 April 2019 | Revised: 25 June 2019 | Accepted: 3 July 2019 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12987


Communications.?(1) Dr. J. W. Struthers read a note of a case of chronic inversion of the uterus, treated by Dr. Berry Hart. The condition had been noticed after a confinement, and before admission it had been mistaken for a case of prolapsus uteri. Attempts to reduce it failed at first, but ultimately Dr. Hart succeeded, by making an incision, per vaginam, into the pouch of Douglas, and inserting two fingers into the depression in the uterus, and so stretching the constricting cervix, while with the fingers of the right hand he pushed up the fundus. (2) Dr. Haultain read "A Retrospect of a First Series of 110 Abdominal Sections for Pelvi-Abdominal Disease," which will appear in next issue. (3) Dr. Haig Perguson read a paper on " Repeated Ectopic Gestation " in the same patient, with an account of a case, which Will also appear in next number.


UWB (Ultra wide band antenna) systems is used to provide low-complexity, low power consumption and high data rate at low cost with high efficiency. In recent years, UWB antenna system attracts most of the researchers and it is widely use in Wireless sensor networks and WLAN for production of large frequencies. It can also be used in mobile transceivers and laptops etc. In this paper novel circular UWB antenna which works at a frequency range of several Giga Hertz is proposed. The performance characteristics of the proposed antenna with the help of its radiation pattern and intensity plot are analyzed. Keywords—UWB,Wireless, circular, patch


Commercially available polyimides (PI) have been evaluated in the form of a 20 X 20 micrometers waveguide on a silicon substrate with 6 micrometers quartz as undercladding. A Fabry- Perot laser diode (LD) has been aligned to the waveguide. Silicone elastomere (SiR) has been multi-purposely used for overcladding of the waveguide, for indexmatching between the waveguide and LD and for encapsulation of the LD. The optical characterization of the whole device has included measurements of optical output power as a function of drive current, and threshold current as a function of time. No statistically significant increase of threshold current has been noticed during the test period. It is shown that the optical loss spectrum of the waveguide over the wavelength interval of 0.6 - 1.6 micrometers is strongly dependent on the curing parameters of the PI.


L10 and Leq, the worldwide adopted ratings for traffic noise standards, attribute noise nuisance to the noise level only. TNI and Lnp are the ratings developed with the consideration of the magnitude of noise fluctuation. However, both of them only correlate well the human responses with the free flow condition. No previous work for the analysis of noise fluctuation in different interrupted flow conditions has been found. In this study, a site measurement was carried out for the noise variation of a double decker bus driven at different modes. It is found that the noise climate was over 16dB(A) for acceleration modes at a distance less than 20m and L10-Leq was as high as 5dB(A). The noise level of the accelerating bus was also much larger than that of steady speed. The experimental data can be used for the improvement of traffic noise prediction models. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107776.


A new type of graphene-switching transistor termed as "junctionless tunnel effect transistor (JTET)" based on graphene-hBN-graphene vertical heterostructure and interlayer tunneling is proposed and an analytical current transport model has been developed. The drain current in graphene JTET flows between the source and drain of bottom graphene layer. The current in the channel is regulated by the shift in channel Fermi level which depends on the net vertical tunneling of carriers from top graphene to bottom graphene layers through hBN. Performance of graphene JTET is evaluated for different numbers of hBN layers. A comparison between graphene JTET and ITRS projected 2020 nMOSFET is also provided apart from graphene JTET performance comparison with similar iTFETs. Current saturation is observed in graphene JTET output characteristic for both p- and n -type operations, which makes graphene JTET suitable for digital circuit design. Graphene JTET is also capable of suppressing NDR effect, and shows steep subthreshold slope with high on/off current ratio and normal operation at room temperature. A complementary vertical inverter is presented similar to a CMOS inverter and analyzed for its performance. Graphene JTET vertical inverter gives inverter gain higher than unity at the low supply voltage and both low and high noise margins. It is concluded that with an average 25 mV/decade subthreshold slope at 0.1 V supply voltage and a current ratio of ~104 , graphene interlayer junctionless tunnel effect transistor meets the ITRS requirement of device scaling for energy-efficient circuit design.


disproportionately represented in the party and still more prominent in the party organs' discussions of anti-Semitism and Jewish problems. There were accordingly Social Democrats who sympathized with-as well as some actively opposed to-immigrant Ostjuden; some who were pro-Zionist; and above all, a rather close alliance developed with the main Jewish anti-antiSemitic organization, The Centralverein deutscher Staatsbuerger juedischen Glaubens. With the onset of the economic crisis and the growing threat of Nazism after 1929, the Social Democrats found association with Jews or Jewish causes much less attractive. While the author notes the large representation of Jews among Social Democrats and particularly in the Social Democratic discussion of Jews and Jewish problems, he does not consider that what he is relating is as much or more part of the history of the German-Jewish community as of the Social Democratic party. Viewed in this light other aspects of the situation spring into focus. The Jewish trend toward Social Democracy, as well as the Social Democratic interest in Jews from 1918 to 1928


Certain Pettis integrals, including barycenters of probability measures on weakly compact subsets of Banach spaces, are characterized by an integral inequality which refers only to distances between points, avoiding any reference to the linear structure of the Banach space. This is an elaboration of the Mazur-Ulam discovery that the metric determines the linear structure. This paper extends from finite sums to fairly general integrals the following theorem of Wolfe [7]: THEOREM. If lIx xoII 0, >2ai = 1) for each x in a Banach space then xo = E aixi. Wolfe's ingenious technique for avoiding the tedious argument of [3] made use of the derivative of the norm. This technique adapts to the present case because of a result of Asplund [2] insuring the density of smooth points in weakly compactly generated Banach spaces\. The most direct extension of Wolfe's theorem is the following. THEOREM 1. Suppose that S is a weakly compact subset of the Banach space X and that ,u is a regular Borel probability measure on the weak Borel subsets of S. Then the barycenter xo =fx dti(x) exists (as a Bochner integral) and is the unique element xo E X satisfying Ily xoIl < fiy xll dyt(x) for ally E X. This result is a corollary to more general results concerning Pettis integrals of certain functions with values in X, to which we now turn our attention. The one-sided derivative of the norm may be defined as D +(x, y) = lim(lInx + yll-llnxll), n-* oo. Received by the editors April 5, 1977 and, in revised form, July 12, 1977. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 46G05, 46G10; Secondary 52A40.


Time series of the intensity of North Atlantic transient eddy activity and a daily index of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) are calculated by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The results suggest that peaks in the intensity of eddy activity are followed by strengthening of the NAO mode,accompanied by a collapse in eddy energy.To determine whether the interaction between eddies and low-frequency flow results in the transformation of synoptic-scale energy to low-frequency-scale energy,the eddy vorticity flux is used to investigate the transfer of vorticity and energy.The results show that transient eddies can induce low-frequency anomalies and that vorticity transfer can enhance the anomaly,resulting in an increase in the NAO index.However,eddies,low-frequency flow,and the vorticity flux show continuous variations,meaning that they cannot attain equilibrium all the time.Accordingly,the authors analyze the total contribution of stochastic eddies to the process that induces an NAO-like response to external forcing.The steady solution suggests that eddy forcing can induce a response more similar to the NAO mode.


The invention provides a method for producing microecological feed additives for livestocks by using agricultural and sideline products. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing agricultural and sideline products main ingredients, agricultural and sideline products auxiliary materials and starch in parts by weight so as to obtain culture medium; mixing saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis according to a viable count proportion of 1-3:0.5-2:0.5-3 so as to prepare mixed culture; mixing the culture medium and distilled water, and then inoculating; evenly stirring and fermenting; and after fermenting, naturally drying so as to obtain the final product. The microecological feed additives for the livestocks prepared by the agricultural and sideline products contain rich beneficial bacteria such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis, metabolites of the beneficial bacteria, rich amino acid, low molecular peptide and growth promotion active ingredients; after the livestocks ingest, the growth and development of the beneficial microorganisms in alimentary canals of the livestocks can be promoted, the digestion function can be improved, certain nutrient substances can be provided for the livestocks, the production performance of the livestocks can be improved, and the health situation of the livestocks can be improved.


Marked changes were evident in the concentrations of trace metals (aluminum, manganese, and zinc) following base application to two acidic lakes in the Adirondack region of New York. Immediately after calcite treatment, epilimnitic pH values increased above 9.0. This response coincided with a shift in the speciation of aluminum from acid-soluble to labile (inorganic) monomeric forms. Following the manipulation, pH values decreased below 8.0 as the epilimnion equilibrated with atmospheric CO2. Within 1–2 mo, aluminum, manganese, and zinc concentrations were greatly reduced, typically by an order of magnitude. The mechanism(s) for immobilization of trace metals following base treatment is not entirely clear. However, chemical equilibrium calculations suggest that at the higher pH resulting from base addition, lake water was oversaturated with readily forming aluminum and manganese minerals. Therefore, removal of these metals from the water column may have been due to direct precipitation. Solutions were hig...


Search and rescue operations can greatly benefit from the use of cooperative swarms of autonomous UAVs in order to investigate areas and collect information about the position of a missing person.

 In this thesis, UAV swarm algorithms are investigated where collisions are prevented both between agent pairs and between agents and static obstacles. The swarm consists of low-cost collaborative fixed-wing aircraft with communication constraints. A decentralized swarm behavior is first developed when the system is assumed to provide accurate positions of all aircraft. Further, the agents estimate their position by the use of RSSI measurements. All agents are equipped with communication devices and broadcast radio signals and measure the received signal strength in order to estimate the distance to other swarm members. These estimates are further used to develop a multilateration algorithm, where each agent estimates its own position by using distance estimates from a minimum of three nearby agents. By adding a dynamic model of the aircraft kinematics, a more accurate estimation is provided which takes account for false position estimates.
 The autonomous swarm is simulated in a 2-D environment in MATLAB. The agents make decisions in real-time, where their movements are controlled by potential fields and pheromone levels. Repulsive potentials are used to prevent collision and attractive potentials are applied to form a cluster of UAVs, such that all members stay within communication range. The swarm is also attracted to unexplored areas of the environment.
 When the true UAV positions are provided, the developed potential field algorithm did show promising results in terms of controlling the swarm. No collisions occurred between agent pairs or agents and obstacles. The agents did not go out of bounds and the swarm was robust as it was able to handle the loss of individual members.
 For the approach of RSSI based position estimates, further development of the swarm behavior was needed. The receiver sensitivity of the communication devices limits both the maximum distance between agents and their difference in roll angle. When individual failures occurred, or when an obstacle obstructed the path of the swarm, there was not always enough RSSI measurements available to perform the multilateration algorithm. In combination with the dynamic model of the aircraft kinematics, the resulting algorithm produced position estimates with a mean error of approximately 9 meters. No significant difference was found regarding the efficiency of scanning the area when the positions were estimated by RSSI values compared to when the positions were known. However, victims may go undetected when using estimated positions if the position error results in UAVs believing they have visited certain areas they have not yet scanned.


Online shopping is a new research object of human geography, and has important research value to geography. This paper attempts to systematically reveal online shopping mechanism of spatial organization from angles of geocyberspace and space of flows; meanwhile, take TaoBao as examples, to detailedly analyze their operation mode and the affecting factors of spatial organization. Research shows: Online shopping is the result of interaction between geographical space and cyberspace, which is through a link between the two sides of supply and demand across time and space by cyberspace and a reorganization of the traditional shopping process, to use a wide range of information flow and logistic flow to replace the original people flow and capital flow, and thus to extend the spatial extent of the supply and demand from the daily behavior to the country and the globe, and this logistic flow is a modern logistics flow under the guidance of information flow.


Was it a spring day or fall? It was 1999, I be lieve. I was still rather young, hav ing ar rived in Chicago in 1995. She had al ready had one ca reer, in ar chi tec ture, and was barreling into an oth er. We agreed to meet in the quad and wan dered to an empty bench. The grass was green, the sky clear, the sun warm, and Saba was full of fire, want ing to tell me what she thought about two es says I had re cently published. The one was rad i cal, the other not as much, she asserted and won dered why. It mat ters lit tle which was which, whether they were or were not as she thought, more or less of this or that. What I thought on that day and through out the days I knew her was here is some one fe ro cious in the life of the mind, some one who be lieves that how we use our minds is a mark of our po lit i cal com mit ments and a way of do ing pol i tics. Her as sump tion that I had a hor i zon tal strat e gy, com pressed in her ques tion "why," made all the dif er ence to how I re ceived her in qui ry. Her open ness to the pos si bil ity that an ac a demic was deploying a strat e gy, a tac tic, a man ner of ma neu ver ing a body of work around the al ways in no vat ing in va sions of late lib eral gov er nance in our thought and pol i tics, marked her time in the uni ver sity and made a mark on me that has yet to di min ish. I can't re mem ber if it was be fore or af er this meet ing that Saba joined a group of in tel lec tual friends at the University of Chicago, in clud ing Lauren Berlant, Patchen Markell, Candace Vogel, Mi chael Warner, MichelRolph Trouillot, and me, in a set of con ver sa tions on late lib er al ism. Saba had just joined the fac ulty in the Department of Religion as an as sis tant pro fes sor and was finishing the re vi sions of her ground break ing book Politics of Piety. Among this ra pa cious group of char ac ters, Saba was fierce and lu mi nous in ar gu ment. It mat ters not whether and when we disagreed—where spe cifi cally we broke on how to po si tion or pull an ar gu ment in the heavy shadow of lib er al ism, sec u lar ism, im pe ri al ism. It mat ters lit tle when I thought or said, Come on, push far ther! Come on, give soandso a break! What


Knowledge about the threat that has always faced Israel throughout its short existence has motivated much of the support for Israel in its campaign against Hezbollah. Despite the need to respond to Hezbollah with force, the outbreak of the war has not brought victory to either side.


Over the last 25 years, the number of papers written that involve image guidance, liver, and registration has, on average, doubled every 6-8 years. While image guidance has a long history within the neurosurgical theatre, it's translation to other soft-tissue organs such as the liver has been slower given the inherent difficulty in image-to-physical registration. More specifically, deformations have been recognized to compromise image guidance fidelity in virtually all soft-tissue image guidance applications. As a result, an active area of investigation is the development of sparse-data-driven nonrigid image-to-physical liver registration techniques to compensate for deformation and provide accurate localization for image guided liver surgery. In this work we have leveraged our extensive human-to-phantom registration testing framework based on the work in [1] and Amazon Web Services to create a sparse data challenge for the image guided liver surgery community (https://sparsedatachallenge.org/). Our sparse data challenge will allow research groups from across the world to extensively test their approaches on common data and have quantitative accuracy measurements provided for assessment of fidelity. Welcome to the Sparse Data Challenge for image-to-physical liver registration assessment.


Could at-risk students benefit from an intensive, single subject schedule ? The answer is yes, according to this writer, who looks at the reasons in this article.


ABSTRACT This paper studies a system with multiple infinite-server queues that are modulated by a common background process. If this background process, being modeled as a finite-state continuous-time Markov chain, is in state j, then the arrival rate into the i-th queue is λi, j, whereas the service times of customers present in this queue are exponentially distributed with mean μ− 1i, j; at each of the individual queues all customers present are served in parallel (thus reflecting their infinite-server nature). Three types of results are presented: in the first place (i) we derive differential equations for the probability-generating functions corresponding to the distributions of the transient and stationary numbers of customers (jointly in all queues), then (ii) we set up recursions for the (joint) moments, and finally (iii) we establish a central limit theorem in the asymptotic regime in which the arrival rates as well as the transition rates of the background process are simultaneously growing large.


Objective To investigate the value of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay in the etiology diagnosis of bacterial pnuemonia through nucleic acid detection of common pathogens in pneumonia patients by LAMP method. Methods Sputum DNA was extracted from 75 pneumonia patients. DNA was amplified by LAMP. The fluorescence signals of products were detected by real-time PCR. The quantitative results were qualitatively analyzed at different cutoff values, and the data were compared with the results of sputum culture. Results The positive ratio of amplified products with LAMP assay at the cutoff value of 1 × 104 was 68.0% ,and the coincidence rate between LAMP assay and sputum culture was 56.0%. The positive ratio of amplified products with LAMP assay at the cutoff value of 1× 105 was 50.7%, and the coincidence rate between LAMP assay and sputum culture was 58.7%.The positive ratio of amplified products with LAMP assay at the cutoff value of 1 × 106 was 30.7%, and the coincidence rate between LAMP assay and sputum culture was 53.3%. There was no statistical significance on the positive rate between sputum culture and LAMP results at the cutoff value of 1 × 105.The detection rate of parts of bacteria by LAMP assay is higher than that by sputum culture at the cutoff value of 1 × 105 ,especially for the harsh bacteria. Conclusions DNA of common pathogens in sputum of patients with bacterial pneumonia can be easily and quickly amplified by LAMP method to identify pathogenic bacteria types. Compared with sputum culture, the bacterial detection rate is higher by LAMP assay at the cutoff value of 1 × 105. Especially for the harsh bacteria, LAMP method has significant advantages.

Key words:
Bacterial pneumonia;  Diagnosis;  Loop-mediated isothermal amplification


but never suggests constructive solutions. Although Beer is clearly correct that Sophocles's lessons are never simple or direct, I wonder if his emphasis on the negative functions of Greek tragedy might lead him to obscure the potential positive political lessons to be learned from this mode of public questioning. By developing habits of raising questions on both sides of political problems, Beer's view of tragedy at the very least precludes the identification of Sophocles with extremes on all sides of the political spectrum. Citizens of an extreme aristocracy who are in the habit of constantly questioning themselves and their society, for example, would be likely to at least entertain serious doubts about the prevailing ideology and incline toward accepting at least some democratic elements into their regime. The positive side of Sophoclean question-raising could thus be an inclination toward moderation in politics. Without turning Sophocles into a dogmatic moralist, future research might investigate the potential political consequences such a teaching might have had for Athenian democracy. As one might expect from a general introduction to Sophoclean tragedy, the primary weakness of the book is its tendency to slip into long passages of summary. Beer has a habit of leaving his conclusions unstated until the very end of each chapter, so much of the text reads as summary rather than interpretation. Because Beer's conclusions are somewhat unorthodox, I would have found them more convincing had he concentrated on developing his own unique perspective. As it is, I find myself wishing that Beer would write a separate book in which he could fully develop the political implications of Sophoclean tragedy unconstrained by the introductory nature of this project.


Objective To observe the effect of antisense tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) expressing plasmid on rat liver fibrosis.Methods RT-Nest-PCR,gene recombinant techniques and antisense techniques were used to construct the rat antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmid which could be expressed in eukaryotic cells.It was encapsulate by Lipofectmine 2000.Antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmid was injected into rats abdominal cavity of composite factors duplicated liver fibrosis model.Expression of exogenous transfected plasmid was assessed by semi-RT-PCR,pathomorphology study and immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the treatment group and treatment control group,disease control group expression of TIMP-1 mRNA,MMP-13 mRNA and protein all decreased(P0.05).No difference was found in expression of all the three mRNA and protein between treatment control group and disease control group.A significant difference was found in the pathologic grade between normal control group and the other three groups. A significant difference was found between treatment group and treatment control group.Same difference was found between treatment group and disease control group(P0.05).No difference was found in pathologic grade between treatment control group and disease control group.Conclusions Antisense TIMP-1 eukaryotic expressing plasmid could inhibit the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA,MMP-13 mRNA and protein in rat liver fibrosis.The antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmid has certain extern reverse effect on liver fibrosis and it is maked as a possible candidate for use in future gene therapy.


On the normal bundle of a submanifold in a Riemannian space a natural Riemannian metric is introduced. The structure of surfaces with strongly parabolic normal bundle metric is determined. It is shown that the Sasaki metric of the normal bundle of vectors of fixed length of a two-dimensional Veronese surface has constant sectional curvature.Bibliography: 16 titles.


Abstract Blind image deblurring (BID) aims to estimate the true image from blurred observations when the blurring mechanism described by a point spread function (PSF) cannot be completely specified beforehand. This is a challenging ill-posed problem because there are infinitely many solutions even in cases when the PSF is location invariant. In reality, however, blurring often cannot be accurately described by a location-invariant PSF and the ill-posedness of the BID problem would be further exacerbated. In this article, we propose a novel BID methodology, which allows the PSF to change over locations. The true image is estimated by our jump-preserving extrapolation (JPEX) technique. The proposed method classifies the pixels in a blurred image into two categories: blurry pixels and sharp pixels. The key idea of JPEX is to remove blur involved in blurry pixels using nearby sharp pixels. Theoretical justifications show that the proposed method is statistically consistent. Numerical experiments with both simulated and real images demonstrate that it works well in applications. The comparison with state-of-the-art methods favors the proposed approach as well.


Abstract The electron density and bonding in the silicates beryl, cordierite and dioptase has been investigated. The replacement of Be, Si and Al atoms in the identical structural fragments leads to a (δr-redistribution and changes the σ-bond character from slightly polar to strongly polar. The condensation of [SiO4]-tetrahedra in the rings leads to the accumulation of electron density near bridge oxygens. This phenomenon is expressed especially in dioptase (pure ring silicate). Therefore, the electron density picture may be considered as a supplementary independent criterion for classi-fication of crystal structures. The experimental (δr-maps for H20 molecules in dioptase are in good agreement with theoretical ones. The δr distribution of 3 d-electrons and bonding in the Jahn-Teller distorted Cu-octahedron can be interpreted from crystal-field-theory point of view.


Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are commonly found in organisms capable of undergoing reversible dehydration - "anhydrobiosis". Here, we have produced three LEA proteins: pTag-RAB17-GFP-N, Zea mays dehydrin-1dhn, expressed in the nucleo-cytoplasm; pTag-WCOR410-RFP, Tricum aestivum cold acclimation protein WCOR410, binding to cellular membranes, and pTag-LEA-BFP, Artemia franciscana LEA protein group 3 that targets the mitochondria. Somatic cells transfected with three LEA proteins were subjected to desiccation under controlled conditions, followed by rehydration, viability assessment and membrane/mitochondria functional tests were performed. Results shown that LEA protect cells from desiccation injury. Cells expressed all LEA proteins shown very high percentage of viable cells (58%) after four hour of desiccation compare to un-transfected cells (1% cell alive). Plasmalemma, cytoskeleton and mitochondria appeared unaffected in LEA-expressing cells, confirming their protective action during the entire desiccation and rehydration process. Here, we show that natural xeroprotectants (LEA proteins) transiently expressed in somatic cells confer them desiccation tolerance.


The objective of this research is to characterize the social representations of practitioners and families about children and their rights with a particular focus on participation in early intervention practices (IP). Methodologically the research is a qualitative one focusing on a case study conducted in the district of Setubal in Portugal. Surveys and interviews with EI practitioners and families were conducted in order to enable a characterization of their discourses. Data was analysed through discourse categorization and analysis which led to an inductive and interpretive text, taking as reference a multi-disciplinary framework that places the Sociology of Childhood and Early Intervention into dialogue. In the analysed discourses children are represented as subjects of rights in the dimensions of provision and protection. In relation to participation, it is marked by obstacles to its realization and promotion based on the dimensions as a minority, paternalism, to (im)maturity and disability(ies). Children are seen as son/daughter and as subjects of intervention. It is explicit in the interviews the difficulty in implementing children's participation in practices of IP. This research sought to bring a value-added contribution especially for bringing productive complementarities between different knowledge and perspectives and focus on the extent of participatory rights of children's with disabilities or at risk of development. It also intended to contribute to rethinking and increasing opportunities that effectively promote and guarantee children's rights.


The purpose in this paper is to briefly outline the theoretical foundations of cultural psychiatry; to describe some of the characteristics of Jewish culture; to outline some aspects of the culture of medicine and psychiatry as a medical discipline; and to draw some comparisons between anthropology and psychiatry. With this material as background, this article intends to describe the influence of Jewish culture on the development of the field of cultural psychiatry, mainly during the second half of the twentieth century. The works of several people who have had a major influence on theory and research in cultural psychiatry during the twentieth century will be considered. Not all of these luminaries in cultural psychiatry's evolution are Jewish, but all of them have been strongly affected by their Jewish family background and/or by Jewish mentors in their professional lives. Finally, several current contributors to the evolution of cultural psychiatry in the twenty-first century will be mentioned, who are carrying forward the influence of Jewish culture in their work.


A 4-DOF (degrees of freedom) two-legged robot named NUSTBOT-I has been designed and built. The paper contains a description of the design and working of this robot, supported by mathematical analysis of its structure. The results obtained from this analysis have been applied for tracing the trajectory of the centre of gravity of the robot, as it walks. One of the main design objectives was the simplicity of its control algorithm. The robot shifts its centre of gravity by bending the upper part of its body sideways. It can perform basic walking and turning operations and is programmable for different applications even by users who do not have any technical knowledge about bipedal walking.


Prehistoric stone tools can be considered one of the oldest artifacts created by ancient humans. Lithic archeology's study of stone tools provides important information about early humans' technologies, agility, and mental and innovative abilities. A vital issue in lithic archeology is the identification and analysis of stone tools found at the excavation sites. Archeologists need to observe and analyze a stone tool under different aspects for a long time to verify whether it is a stone tool or a geofact, the techniques used to create it, and identify its rough relative date and functional value. This can be challenging for amateur scholars studying archeology since it requires a lot of experience and time to identify by a glance. As a solution, 'Stonelia,' a mobile-based android application, can be introduced to identify and analyze stone tools. The images captured through the mobile app are preprocessed using image processing. Using Convolutional Neural Network models identifies the stone artifact from a geofact, the mineral type, the rough relative date, techniques used to create the stone artifact, and its functional value. This mobile application provides prompt identification and analysis of stone artifacts within a short time and with higher accuracy.


Moving object navigation apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a route search unit (12) to the destination route searching; related with multiple connections based on an off detection information of the determined route path information receiving unit for receiving i.e. communication means (7) and a communication interface unit (9); based on information related to the departing from the multiple connection paths receiving unit received, an indication of the route search unit (12) exists on the searched route from the multiple connection paths notify the connection paths from multiple warning indication portion (14); and receives the instruction for displaying the display device (8) whether there is a pair of guide departing FIG multiple connection path information comprises including the route.


There is presented the modern concept of pathogenesis of urticaria in children and the participation of immunopathological responses in its development, the influence of physical factors, clinical and pathogenetic variants of acute and chronic urticaria, its diagnosis and treatment. The expediency of differentiated therapy, based on the severity of urticaria, features of its development and response to treatment, is shown. The effectiveness of the treatment of urticaria in children with antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists and glucocorticosteroids was noted. Positive result of anti-IgE-therapy was noted in children with severe forms of urticaria, resistant to pharmacotherapy.


In order to investigate the mechanism and the effect of hybrid damper,a newly tunable dynamic bending absorver was designed.This absorber was applied to an inline 6cylinder turbocharged direct injection diesel engine,and the bench tests were conducted.The threedimensional vibrations at front freeend of crankshaft under three bending nature frequencies of tunable absorber and original engine (equipped with torsional damper)were measured.From the experimental results,some conclusions were deduced:with an appropriate bending damper equipped in the crankcase,the bending vibration was reduced and longitudinal vibration was depressed.


To explore the use of UML for creating value-representable data models, we use the object management group (OMG) meta object facility-(MOF) to formally describe the higher-order entity relationship model (HERM). In addition, we formally define a UML profile for HERM. By demonstrating that MOF and UML can represent the most critical capabilities of HERM, we open way for better integration of HERM models into projects relying on UML for application modelling and for the use of UML tools for HERM modelling.


The Law 9.099/1995 introduced to the Brazilian Legal Order the special courts. In the civil
sphere, it is necessary to determine whether the JEC'S act in order to constitute an
effectiveness and democratization in the access to justice, due to its characteristics of orality,
informality, simplicity, procedural economy and celerity. However, the large number of
claims in the Special Civil Courts will be evaluated on the subject of Civil Liability, mainly
claiming compensation for moral damages. This paper aims to analyze if the characteristics of
the courts and the decisions in these cases are going according to the guidelines established by
the Civil Liability and Consumer Protection Code, as well as understand the reflexes of the
decisions for the so-called Moral Damage Industry.


During the operation process of a stepping motor driven screw, the dynamic operating performance in real-time, the frequent starts and stops, quick response and other aspects are important prerequisites for the reliable and stable operation of the screw filling machine. As a basis, PLC control of stepping motor driven screw sub-package system was introduced. Then starting from stepping motor torque-frequency characteristic, the effects of running speed control during screw split charging, best starting frequency and the maximum operating frequency of a stepping motor on the screw operating characteristic and measurement accuracy were analyzed.


A modal gain analysis for diode laser diffraction‐coupled arrays which takes into account evanescent coupling in the waveguide section of an array is presented. Theoretical predictions are supported by comparisons of patterns from typical double‐heterostructure and large‐optical‐cavity lasers.


It is time the government listened to what the Department of Health is saying on practice nurses and pensions, says Hilary Magill.


Dear Sir, I found some inconsistencies in the paper published by Skogstad et al. [1]. I assume that the subtle differences between the 95% confidence limits presented by Skogstad et al. in Figure 2 [1] and those found in some primary studies [2,3] are due to the fact that the authors used standard errors as input for the CMA software instead of the reported 95% confidence interval (CI) [1]? Table 1 reports that the exposure threshold in Virkkunen et al. [2] was 85 dB [1], but in their paper Virkkunen et al. stated that 'workers were considered to be exposed to noise if they were exposed to continuous (≥80 dB) or impulse noise or both' [2]. The point estimate for Sbihi et al. seems to be extracted from Figure 1B in their paper [4]. If so, why did Skogstad et al. [1] use that estimate, which refers to over 30 years of exposure to >85 dB [4], given that the other primary studies included in the metaanalysis for hypertension had shorter follow-ups? A more appropriate risk estimate to pool would have been that for 10–19 years of exposure (≈1.3) [4]. Moreover, the reference group in Figure 1B is not workers exposed to <85 dB, but rather workers exposed to >85 dB for <3 years [4]. Therefore, extracting a risk estimate from Figure 1A, where the reference group is <95 dB, would have been more appropriate. The point estimate of 2.85, which Skogstad et al. used for their hypertension meta-analysis [1], is found in Table 3 in the paper of Virkkunen et al. and appears to be a risk of coronary heart disease, and not of hypertension [2]. Maybe the authors had access to additional data from this primary study, which was not reported in the paper of Virkkunen et al. [2]? Finally, while the random effects (RE) model is still very common, there are concerns that it underestimates statistical error and yields spuriously positive results [5– 7]. Two alternatives have been proposed and are considered superior according to both theoretical and empirical evidence from extensive simulations [5–7]. Those are the quality effects (QE) model [6] and the inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet) model [7]. Because the former requires study-specific quality scores [6], and Skogstad et al. did not report the quality scores assigned to each primary study [1], I re-analysed the input data from Figure 2 using the latter. It is a 'variant of the quality effects model that sets quality to equal' [7]. It differs from the RE model in that it favours larger studies (i.e. with lowest probability of random error), it has a more conservative 95% CI, retains a correct coverage probability and exhibits a lesser true variance regardless of heterogeneity [7]. Figure 1 shows the results of my hypertension meta-analysis under the IVhet model, which was conducted using MetaXL v. 2.2. The 68% statistically significant increase in the risk of hypertension [1] dropped to 15%, became non-significant and with imprecise 95% CI. The weights of the four studies, very similar under the RE model [1], were redistributed to Stockholm et al. [8] because its point estimate was the most precise. Overall, the explicit conclusion that the exposure to >85 dB is associated with hazard ratio = 1.68 (95% CI 1.10–2.57) [1], is not substantiated by the data; the strength of this conclusion should be reduced, and the limitations, elaborated on in depth. I think that the study would not have lost its importance but would have been more straightforward, should Skogstad et al. have adopted a qualitative interpretation of the risk in a systematic review framework without a meta-analysis (or, at least, acknowledging the limitations of the latter). I would appreciate it if the authors addressed the above-listed inconsistencies by bringing more clarity into their methods. Regarding the meta-analytical approach, the reader will benefit if they are willing to report the quality scores for each study or even pool them under the QE model themselves.


Current Stock Status
The present commercial catch is taken from areas all around the State and involves the annual harvest of around 1.6 million animals. In the 2007/2008 season 203 licensed vessels reported catches of rock lobster, down from 344 in 1994/95. In addition, there were approximately 20,000 licensed recreational fishers taking an estimated 135 tonnes in 2006/2007.
Relative to the stock's lowest point in 1993/94 there has been significant rebuilding in terms of legal biomass, which has led to a rise in catch rates The fishery performance measures are currently under formal review and consequently, for this year, details of additional performance measures are given in order to characterize the status of the re-source. The assessment also considers details relating to Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management.
The distribution of effort and catch (fleet dynamics) continues to exhibit strong spatial trends related to the amount of lobsters recruiting into the legal sized stock. Effort peaked in 1992/1993 (2.07 million pot lifts), with current effort only 62.2% of that amount (1.29 million pot lifts). Current effort is 67.6% of a secondary peak of pre-quota effort in 1996/1997 (1.90 million pot lifts), and 80.9% of effort in 1998/1999, the first year of the quota management system (1.59 million pot lifts). The level of rebuilding is evident in the reduced number of potlifts and vessels required to catch the Total Allow-able Commercial Catch (TACC). This is especially significant given that there has also been a shift to more winter fishing, when catch rates are generally lower. Effort in-creased this year due to stock decline in many areas.
The geographical distribution of effort has changed, dropping significantly in assess-ment areas 1, 2, 4, and 5 and continuing to rise in areas 7 and 8 (with very slight in-creases in Areas 3 and 6). Catches over a three-year period are at record highs in Area 1 and 8 (and very high, although not record levels, in Area 7). Conversely, catches are at record low levels (since at least 1975) in Areas 3, 4 and 5. This pattern is of concern, because while northern catches appear to have reduced because of prolonged poor re-cruitment, the TACC continues to be taken through record high harvesting from the south. It is unlikely that catches in the south can be maintained at such high levels.
Combining these trends in effort and catch, catch rates are rising slightly or are stable in Areas 3 to 5, with reductions in Areas 1, 2, and 6. Standardized catch rates in Area 7 continue to rise and have remained stable in Area 8. Consequently the stock is continu-ing to rebuild in the southwest while rebuilding appears to have slowed or even begun to reverse in the north and east of the State.


As the practice of social justice in traditional schools becomes embedded in the discourse of educational settings (Theoharis, 2007), school leaders are increasingly being required to practice social justice leadership by identifying and initiating practices that engage students from diverse and underserved backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to identify the leadership practices of six former and current principals who have led National ESEA Distinguished Schools (formerly National Title I Distinguished Schools) in the United States. These principals work with diverse student populations that typically struggle to make academic gains and meet state standards. As such, this study sought to delve into the leadership practices of Title I principals. By understanding the leadership practices in which these principals engaged, and how consistent these practices are with the principles of social justice, a model of social justice leadership can be postulated for consideration. A qualitative research methodology, in-depth phenomenological interviews (Seidman, 2013) was used. Open-ended questions were posed during the semistructured interviews of the principals. The findings in this study provide details on what actions six Title I principals from districts across the United States took to lead their schools to National ESEA Distinguished School status. These social justice leaders address the social structures of oppression, privilege, and opportunity that can deprive marginalized student groups from access to educational opportunity. Principals reported that the actions they took to ensure equity and fairness were around creating safe and orderly learning environments, professional learning communities, and professional development for staff. Social Justice Leadership: Best Practices of National ESEA Distinguished Principals Amielia Sietta Mitchell General Audience Abstract This study will provide insight into the leadership practices of Title I principals and how they successfully led Title I schools and gained national recognition. The National Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Distinguished Schools (formerly National Title I Distinguished Schools) Programs recognizes schools for their growth in student academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to identify the leadership practices of these principals and to understand how consistent these practices are with the principles of social justice leadership. The target population of the study was principals from six Title I schools who obtained National Distinguished ESEA School status. These principals work with diverse student populations that typically struggle to make academic gains and meet state standards. Each principal participated in a 60-minute, semi-structured interview. The purpose of the interview was to uncover and encapsulate a person's experience (Seidman, 2013). The analysis of the experiences of these leaders provided a lens that other school leaders might consider to improve their leadership practice. The data analysis indicated that these social justice leaders address the social structures of oppression, privilege, and opportunity that can deprive marginalized student groups of access to educational opportunity. Principals reported that the actions they took to ensure equity and fairness were around creating safe and orderly learning environments, professional learning communities, and professional development for staff. Findings from the study indicated more research is needed on the practices of social justice leadership.


Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm that accounts for approximately 0.005% of all cancers (1). Distinguishing it from benign parathyroid adenoma (PA) can be difficult because of the absence of distinctive growth and histological characteristics and idiosyncratic serum calcium ion and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. In contrast to PA, local invasion and distant metastasis are frequent in PC even after radical excision, which is the standard treatment. We report a rare case of PC diagnosed in a patient who had previously undergone parathyroidectomy for PA that demonstrates the endocrinologic and oncologic challenges in treating PC.


The paper applied the state-of-the-art flow simulation method, i.e. the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), and strongly coupled the DNS with the heat-transfer governing equation to solve the thermal-turbulence problem in a turbine-blade cooling channel with rib-tabulator structures. In order to capture the thermal-fluid phenomena and to more accurately simulate the flow and temperature fields in reality, two innovative approaches were applied to the simulations. First, the surface roughness effects of the cooling vane was considered by including the roughness geometry in the DNS and an innovative immersed-boundary method were invented to handle the geometry complexities due to the roughness. Secondly, the time-sequencing fully-developed turbulent inflow conditions were generated through the temporal DNS of turbulence in a channel and these conditions guaranteed the qualities of the spatial DNS simulation of cooling vane with ribs, which were expected to provide a variety of advantages over the conventional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. The preliminary results presented the typical wall-turbulence characteristics, such as the near-wall coherent structures for a regular smoothed wall and more interesting flow structures caused by a wall roughness. The coupled heattransfer simulation captured the temperature and its derivative fields, which exhibited the attractive coherent streaky patterns associated with the turbulence.


In recent years the waste water ministerial regulations have led to a constant ascend in the purification performance demanded of waste water treatment plants. Because of this, the number of waste water treatment plants has been maturing, and technical complexity has also been growing. In order to hold the connected rising costs of capital expenditure and operation within bounds, sagacious process technology solutions have to be found. Besides having a deeper understanding of the individual processes, it is indispensable to consider the entire waste water treatment plant as a whole. Most treatment plants consist of a mechanical and biological waste water purification, sludge treatment and gas utilization. In three of these four stages, namely in the preliminary and secondary clarification of the waste water and in the thickening and dewatering of the sludge, the processes for solids/liquids separation are of crucial importance. The efficiency of the solids/liquids separation is mainly influenced by the properties of the sludge. Index Terms microorganisms, treatment process


This study aims to determine is there a relationship between level of education and elections in the village Krakal contraceptives and contraceptive or birth control widely used type of couple of childbearing age. The method used in the form of a quantitative approach to biserial correlation analysis. The results showed a strong correlation between education level with the election of contraception on couple of childbearing in Krakal village of 15,0, the majority of couple of childbearing age graduating junior by 56% and the majority use injections. Couple od childbearing reason do injections as effective in preventing pregnancy, safe, low fees and minimal side effects. Health infrastructure in the village Krakal still need to be improved such as: hours of practice is extended until the afternoon, a pediatrician and the content needs to be provided.


Rule induction is a data mining process for acquiring knowledge in terms of symbolic decision rules from a number of specific 'examples' to explain the inherent causal relationship between conditional factors and a given decision/outcome. We present a Decision Rule Acquisition Workbench (DRAW) that discovers conjunctive normal form decision rules from un-annotated data-sets. Our rule-induction strategy uses (i) conceptual clustering to cluster and generate a conceptual hierarchy of the data-set; (ii) rough sets based rule induction algorithm to generate decision rules from the emergent data clusters; and (iii) attribute oriented induction to generalize the derived decision rules to yield high-level decision rules and a minimal rule-set size.


Finding and applying science practices in everyday contexts (scientizing) is a powerful way for people to engage in science learning. This paper examines how people collaboratively scientize through a massively multiplayer mobile game called Pokémon GO. For three months, we conducted observations of online communities around Pokémon GO and examined how crowdsourcing engagements in these communities can lead to science inquiry. We adhered to the standards of a comparative case study to examine three exploratory cases of scientizing in online discussion about Pokémon GO. These examples include crowdsourcing collaborations to compare multiple data sets, countering misinformation, and creating mapping sets. We demonstrate how aspects of these online engagements follow authentic and simple science inquiry. Furthermore, the implications of our research for informal science learning are especially meaningful for understanding how Pokémon GO can be used to motivate scientizing practices in families and children.


Srinivasan and Varghese (1999) have proposed the use of multibit tries to represent routing tables used for Internet (IP) address lookups. They propose an O(n /sub */W/sup 2//sub */ k) dynamic programming algorithm to determine the strides for an optimal variable-stride trie that has at most k levels. Here, n is the number of prefixes in the routing table and W is the length of the longest prefix. We improve on this algorithm by providing an alternative dynamic programming formulation. The complexity of our algorithm is O(n/sub */W/sub */k), on real router data sets. This is an improvement by a factor of W over the corresponding algorithm of Srinivasan. Experiments conducted by us indicate that our variable-stride algorithm is between 2 and 17 times as fast for IPv4 routing table data.