The wettability of mineral surfaces has significant impacts on transport mechanisms of two-phase flow, distribution characteristics of fluids, and the formation mechanisms of residual oil during water flooding. However, few studies have investigated such effects of mineral type and its surface wettability on rock properties in the literature. To unravel the dependence of hydrodynamics on wettability and minerals distribution, we designed a new experimental procedure that combined the multiphase flow experiments with a CT scan and QEMSCAN to obtain 3D digital models with multiple minerals and fluids. With the aid of QEMSCAN, six mineral components and two fluids in sandstones were segmented from the CT data based on the histogram threshold and watershed methods. Then, a mineral surface analysis algorithm was proposed to extract the mineral surface and classify its mineral categories. The in situ contact angle and pore occupancy were calculated to reveal the wettability variation of mineral surface and distribution characteristics of fluids. According to the shape features of the oil phase, the self-organizing map (SOM) method, one of the machine learning methods, was used to classify the residual oil into five types, namely, network, cluster, film, isolated, and droplet oil. The results indicate that each mineral's contribution to the mineral surface is not proportional to its relative content. Feldspar, quartz, and clay are the main minerals in the studied sandstones and play a controlling role in the wettability variation. Different wettability samples show various characteristics of pore occupancy. The water flooding front of the weakly water-wet to intermediate-wet sample is uniform, and oil is effectively displaced in all pores with a long oil production period. The water-wet sample demonstrates severe fingering, with a high pore occupancy change rate in large pores and a short oil production period. The residual oil patterns gradually evolve from networks to clusters, isolated, and films due to the effects of snap-off and wettability inversion. This paper reveals the effects of wettability of mineral surface on the distribution characteristics and formation mechanisms of residual oil, which offers us an in-deep understanding of the impacts of wettability and minerals on multiphase flow and helps us make good schemes to improve oil recovery.


This paper presents a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) that uses navigation integrity risk as a constraint. Navigation integrity risk accounts for the presence of faults in localization sensors and algorithms, an increasingly important consideration as the number of robots operating in life and mission-critical situations is expected to increase dramatically in near future (e.g. a potential influx of self-driving cars). Specifically, the work uses a local nearest neighbor integrity risk evaluation methodology that accounts for data association faults as a constraint in order to guarantee localization safety over a receding horizon. Moreover, state and control-input constraints have also been enforced in this work. The proposed MPC design is tested using real-world mapped environments, showing that a robot is capable of maintaining a predefined minimum level of localization safety while operating in an urban environment.


The paper recapitulates the process of the destruction of the Yugoslav state (SFRY and FRY). Special attention is given to the key factor in that process, the will of the West, embodied in the USA and the EC (EU), for whom the continued existence of Yugoslavia was no longer of geopolitical interest. The conferences on Yugoslavia, organized in Brussels and The Hague, were supposed to serve to legitimize this goal: the disappearance of Yugoslavia. The author points out that when the West did not manage to achieve its goal with political solutions, it involved NATO, through the aggression in 1999. Previously, Serbia's legitimate opposition to terrorist acts by the KLA on its territory, as an internal issue par excellence, was declared a threat to "peace and security in the world", and the UN Security Council took it as a permanent topic of its sessions. There had been secessionist uprisings and armed conflicts in UN member states before, as there are today, but the Security Council never before dared to violate the article of the UN Charter that states that these questions are the exclusive competence of the member state concerned. An exception was made only in the case of Serbia, although the defense against KLA terrorism was legal and limited to the territory of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, i.e., the Yugoslav state border was never crossed. The false claim of William Walker, the head of the OSCE mission in Kosovo and Metohija, concerning the massacre in Racak, was the cause of the war of aggression against the FRY. By illegally naming the protectorate of Kosovo as the so-called state of the Albanian national minority, the West took this as the final stroke in the dismemberment of Yugoslavia and Serbia, thus ignoring the story of the phoenix rising from its ashes.


In this study, integration of three important concepts of distributed generation, D-FACTS devices, and microgrids are evaluated. The performance of a microgrid is dependent on its location, capacity, and placement of DG units and D-FACTS devices. In this paper a new method is proposed to simultaneously determine the optimal number, location, and capacity of DG units and D-STATCOM devices and optimal boundaries of electrical islands in the independent mode of microgrids. The main objective is to minimize the economic costs. The optimal locations of DG units and D-STATCOM devices should be determined to maximize the DG capacities with minimum loss in the best voltage profile and in the grid-connected mode of microgrids. Moreover, this locating besides simultaneous determination of island boundaries makes it possible to supply the maximum load in the islanded mode operation. To meet the mentioned goals, the PSO algorithm and MATLAB software are used. Analyzing the obtained results shows that the proposed method has suitable capability in optimal operation and cost management of distribution network planning.


Benzimidazole (A) was synthesis by reaction of phenylenediamine with 4-p-amino benzaldehyde and then Schiff base synthesis by reaction amino benzimidazole with terphthaldehyde. Azetidinone (C) and Thaizolidinone (D) were also synthesized by reaction benzimidazole Schiff base with acetyl chloride and mercpto acetic acid respectively. These compounds have been synthesis by microwave irridation and characterized by M.P., TLC, CHN, UV, FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. The biological screening data of the synthesized compounds were also studied.


There are various stages to Horace's political trajectory: republican and survivor, critic, Augustan eulogist and would be "apolitical" Epicurean recluse. Horace admits and celebrates the fact of moral and intellectual diversity in dedication of the first book of Satires to Maecenas, where the keywords of both Epicureanism and Stoicism, fors and ratio are cited as possible reasons for direction of men's lives and their μeμψιμοιρία ("discontent"). The Satires of Horace have such a political dimension. The reading/interpretation of this political dimension depends on its articulation, which is dependent on Horace's depiction of himself and his relationship with Maecenas and other "Gods" with whom he consorts. Horace was a survivor constantly rewriting himself according to demands of each genre ventured, and to demands of his personal situation. In the Satires Horace developed those skills which enabled him to comment in critical vein on contemporary issues, without endangering his safety or reputation. Keywords: Augustan eulogist; contemporary issues; Epicurean recluse; Horace; Maecenas; political trajectory; Satires


This article investigates how, within less than a decade, face-veiling has turned from a non-issue into a threat to the Dutch nation-state. With good citizenship increasingly defined in cultural terms, politicians have used a strong affective discourse of dislike that produces a sense of national belonging amongst a wide range of people, but excludes face-veiling women. Not (only) the act of face-covering, but the fact that Muslim women are engaged in these acts causes discomfort, anxiety and resentment, as the very same women who are defined as oppressed, turn out to challenge Dutch normativities about gender and sociality through their corporeal presence.


Recent studies have shown that carrier-aggregated multi-user (MU) multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems can deliver unprecedented improvements in network throughput and capacity when compared with existing systems. However, most of these studies fail to take into account the nonlinear constraints that limit the performance of such systems. This paper proposes an analytical framework to evaluate the end-to-end performance of a carrier-aggregated dual-band (DB) MU-MIMO-OFDM system in the presence of transmitter nonlinearity. Specifically, we derive the closed-form expression for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and further utilize this expression to evaluate the average capacity and symbol error rate of a nonlinear DB MU-MIMO-OFDM system in a multi-path Rayleigh fading channel. We show that the transmit preprocessing technique conventionally used to mitigate inter-user interference in a linear DB MU-MIMO-OFDM system fails to eliminate inter-user interference in a nonlinear DB MU-MIMO-OFDM system. As a consequence, there is an irreducible error floor which is function of number of aggregated bands as well as number of users present in the system. The irreducible error floor has been shown to considerably deteriorate the performance of nonlinear DB MU-MIMO-OFDM system. Simulation results are also reported to validate the efficacy of the proposed analysis.


I began working on the clinical and natural history of AIDS in 1982, before joining Robin Weiss at the Chester Beatty Laboratories in 1985. So, I already considered myself an experienced AIDS researcher when I was approached by the publisher Vitek Tracz to meet with him and his colleague Tim Hailstone in Mike Adler's office at UCL, in the spring of 1986. Vitek suggested that what the world lacked most was a specialized academicŠ journal devoted to AIDS research. I was deeply sceptical but had all the enthusiasm of youth and immediately volunteered to work on this new journal, inevitably christened, simply, 'AIDS'. From the very beginning, we were determined that the journal should publish the very best research on AIDS, with a wide remit across basic science, clinical research and epidemiology.


The paper deepens the literary motif of the upside down world and the land of Cockaigne as a fantastic-conceptual paradigm, which is, through wonderful and evocative scenarios, the background, not only to many fairy tales, with which it is intimately linked, but also to numerous narratives for today's childhood between persistences and distortions, demonstrating utopian and even subversive tension that is one of the distinctive feature of children's literature itself.


State defense is the attitude and actions of citizens based on love for the homeland, awareness of the nation and state, belief in Pancasila as the ideology of the nation and state, willingness to sacrifice in order to face every threat, challenge, obstacle and disturbance (ATHG) both coming from within and from outside the country. outside. The role of the teacher as an agent of change (agent of change) in realizing citizens who have awareness of the nation and state to defend the country with patriotic behavior which is implemented through Fostering State Defense Awareness by instilling the basic values of State Defense in the scope of Education.


Dynamic web services are vulnerable to a multitude of intrusions that could be previously unknown. Server logs contain vast amounts of information about network traffic, and finding attacks from these logs improves the security of the services. In this research features are extracted from HTTP query parameters using 2-grams. We propose a framework that uses dimensionality reduction and clustering to identify anomalous behavior. The framework detects intrusions from log data gathered from a real network service. This approach is adaptive, works on the application layer and reduces the number of log lines that needs to be inspected. Furthermore, the traffic can be visualized.


The bonds are callable debentures that in the medium and long term, where the debentures are transferable. Bond contains a promise from the issuing party to pay the loan as interest on a particular period and repay principal on time allowed to the buyer of the bonds. Inside there are two term bonds such as disagio bonds (bonds sold below par value) and premium bonds (bonds sold above par value). In calculating the amortization of bond premium amortization disagio or there are two methods of calculation which consists of straight-line method (a method which means the interest calculation is not detailed) and the effective interest method (the method detailed calculation of interest, and interest value is always changing following the change in book value of bonds). From disagio amortization calculations performed in bonds. Recording amortization disagio good bond or straight-line method using the effective interest method, the same, only there is a difference in nominal value. Recording disagio amortization consists of a journal for recording the sale of bonds, the first payment of bond interest and acknowledge the interest costs.


Miscroscopic simulations of impact ionization in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures have been performed to predict the potential performances of multilayered avalanche and transit time oscillators for a 100 GHz operation. It is shown the capability of controling and assisting the carrier emission by impact ionization. This yields a lowering of the breakdown voltage and a confinement of the multiplication inside the active zone which leads to an increase of the conversion efficency (17% at 100 GHz) of avalanche millimeter sources. The reduction in the operating voltage is confirmed experimentally by preliminary ionization rate measurements carried out on GaAs/AlGaAs multi quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy.


Metabolic profiles correlate with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and are prognostic for the viral response. However, little is known about the association between lipid profiles and viral load in chronic patients carrying HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the viremia and viral genotype on lipid metabolism by observing the variations in serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B, to assess whether HCV predisposes individuals to lipid imbalance and favors the appearance of vascular complications. A sample group of 150 chronic HCV patients with viral genotypes 1, 2 or 3 and a control group of 20 healthy adults (10 men and 10 women), all aged from 20 to 50 years were studied. The serum lipid profile of the chronic patients was analyzed and compared to that of the control group. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride levels of the sample group were lower than those of the control group, while the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein B levels of the patients were higher. These differences were more significant in patients carrying genotype 3a. There was a positive correlation between the viremia and the changes in apolipoprotein B levels in patients carrying genotype 1b. It was inferred that the risk of developing vascular complications raised in HCV patients. As 90% of LDL protein is composed of apolipoprotein B, the plasmatic concentration of the latter indicates the number of potentially atherogenic particles. Therefore, the lipid profile monitoring may aid in the diagnosis of hepatic infection severity and equally act as a good prognostic marker.
Keywords: Genotypes. Hepatitis C virus. Viremia. Lipoproteins.

 RESUMO Perfis metabolicos correlacionam-se com infeccao pelo virus da hepatite C (VHC) e sao prognosticos da resposta viral em pacientes cronicos. Porem, pouco se sabe a respeito da associacao entre perfis lipidicos e a carga viral entre infeccoes dos genotipos 1, 2 e 3. O objetivo foi estudar a influencia da viremia e dos genotipos virais sobre o metabolismo lipidico atraves das variacoes de lipoproteinas sericas e apolipoproteina B em hepatopatas cronicos, avaliando se o virus predispoe os individuos a complicacoes vasculares. O grupo amostral constituiu-se de 150 pacientes cronicos e grupo controle de 20 individuos saudaveis. Niveis sericos de HDL, VLDL e triglicerides mostraram-se diminuidos em relacao ao grupo controle, enquanto os niveis de LDL e apolipoproteina B mostraram-se elevados. Observou-se correlacao positiva entre a viremia e alteracoes de LDL e apolipoproteina B nos portadores do genotipo 1b. Assim, foi pressuposto que o risco de pacientes portadores do VHC desenvolverem complicacoes vasculares e elevado, uma vez que cerca de 90% da proteina na LDL constitui-se de apolipoproteina B, sua concentracao plasmatica indica o numero de particulas aterogenicas. Portanto, o monitoramento do perfil lipidico pode auxiliar no diagnostico da severidade da infeccao hepatica causada pelo VHC e atuar como bom sinal prognostico.
Palavras-chave: Virus da hepatite C. Genotipos. Viremia. Lipoproteinas.


Rising global average temperature is associated with widespread changes in weather patterns. India is identified as one of the highly vulnerable countries to climate change. Climate change poses a significant threat to Indian agriculture and food security, it also affects nutritional value within the crop. Paradoxically, Agriculture generates 19-29% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Precision farming using an instrumented greenhouse which falls under the ambit of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) presents a plausible solution option for climate resilient agriculture.Artificial Intelligence has reached breakthroughs in several areas but in agriculture artificial intelligence could be applied easily with data collection from various types of sensors. It is obvious to use AI also for agricultural purposes. The twin levers of an instrumented Greenhouse using IoT and AI provides interesting options for autonomous food production in CEA. We envisage AutoGrow, a Greenhouse system that incorporates AI/ML to perform the control function of optimizing the use of resources. Data for AI/ML is acquired through an IoT system with a multitude of sensors. In this work, we present an IoT based data sensing and data logging subsystem. The sub-system includes sensing a multitude of parameters that includes temperature, moisture, humidity, pH and the big 3 primary nutrients (NPK). Further, the solenoid valves are incorporated as actuators for the control operation of administering irrigation and water soluble nutrients. A prototype lab system is successfully built and tested. The lab prototype showcases all the features to sense, communicate, and perform effective irrigation and controlled supply of nutrients.


This article analyzes the influences of postmodernity and globalization in the deconstruction of fundamental notions of law. Following, it examines the crisis of political participation in legislative processes, focusing on the concept of teledemocracy. It ends by discussing the foundations of a possible global constitutionalism. Keywords: global constitutionalism, postmodernity, teledemocracy.


Objective: To study the effect and safety of Puerarin Injection on the treatment of angina pectoris.Methods: 92 patients of angina pectoris were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group were given general medical treatment and puerarin Injection.To observe the patients,improvement of symptoms and changes of ECG in the two groups.Results: The effect of angina pectoris and ECG in the treatment group were 91.3% and 87% respectirely,and the ones in comparison group were 60.9% and 67.3% respectirely. There was significant difference (p 0.05).Conclusion: The effect of puerarin Injection on the treatment of angina pectoris is significant,and it is convenient and safe to use.


Lannea gum (Gumpena gum) powder started charring at a temperature of 258.6 ° C and decomposed at 327° C. Moisture content of GG powder was found to be 8.52 ± 0.59 %. The pH of the 1% w/v GG (Gumpena gum) powder mucilage was found to be 6.1 to 6.5. The volatile acidity, loss on drying, loss on ignition, and residue on ignition of GG powder was found to be 3.7, 9.64, 98. 13 and 1.77 respectively. Gumpena gum sample were analyzed for microbial growth and results showed that GG did not support microbial growth and free from all pathogen organisms. Micromeritic studies of the gumpena gum powder showed good flow and compressibility characteristics. Results of the physico-chemical properties of gumpena gum showed the acidic nature of gum with considerable swelling and water retention capacity. As there is chance of microbial growth in natural polymers, microbiological studies were conducted in samples of gum and the results revealed the presence of microorganisms will within the limits as per I.P. and absence of harmful pathogens and gum does not support any further growth.


Decision-making is one of the key parts of the research on vehicle longitudinal autonomous driving. Considering the behavior of human drivers when designing autonomous driving decision-making strategies is a current research hotspot. In longitudinal autonomous driving decision-making strategies, traditional rule-based decision-making strategies are difficult to apply to complex scenarios. Current decision-making methods that use reinforcement learning and deep reinforcement learning construct reward functions designed with safety, comfort, and economy. Compared with human drivers, the obtained decision strategies still have big gaps. Focusing on the above problems, this paper uses the driver's behavior data to design the reward function of the deep reinforcement learning algorithm through BP neural network fitting, and uses the deep reinforcement learning DQN algorithm and the DDPG algorithm to establish two driver-like longitudinal autonomous driving decision-making models. The simulation experiment compares the decision-making effect of the two models with the driver curve. The results shows that the two algorithms can realize driver-like decision-making, and the consistency of the DDPG algorithm and human driver behavior is higher than that of the DQN algorithm, the effect of the DDPG algorithm is better than the DQN algorithm.


The major goal of this paper is to provide a proper analysis of three representative readings from the Dative-Nominative construction with the copula-like predicate iss in Korean, such as agentive-locative, theme-locative and possessive readings. Based on Harley"s (2002) decompositional analysis, this paper claims that iss is not an independent lexeme but something decomposable into two functional categories, namely BE and P HAVE or P LOC . The essential idea underlying this claim is that the three different readings from the construction are attributed to different syntactic structures. In particular, it is suggested that the type of reading from a given Dative-Nomiative sentence is determined by the type of the selected abstract preposition as well as the availability of VoiceP typically specified for agentivity.


Over the previous years, we have at the Section for Image Analysis and Computer Graphics at the Technical University of Denmark been working on generating high quality data sets for computer vision via our lab setup using a 6-axis industrial robot. This has provided a new data set aimed at feature matching [1, 4], and two data sets aimed at multiple view stereo [16, 18]. The resulting data sets are publicly available via http://roboimagedata. compute.dtu.dk/. The evaluation of computer vision algorithms on these data sets has provided useful insights on realistic scenarios by setting a rigorous framework for evaluation. The results of these efforts have been well received by the community and the hardware and software platform associated with the robot is now well developed. We are currently in the process of making three new data sets aimed at 3D vision, with a special focus on the more challenging aspects, such as radiometry and the modelling of non-rigid objects. The construction of these data sets all leverage on our robotic setup's ability to produce ground truth camera and surface geometry, as briefly outlined in Section 2, and there is a great deal of commonality in the making of the data sets. This abstract describes our current ongoing work on this data set construction for 3D vision. The data sets include:


The poems in the way of sakiynama created in Uzbek classical literature in the period until Alisher Navoi (particularly, until the first half of the XV century) are distinctive by their closeness to the life, connection of the lyric hero to a certain historical period and time, their ideological-artistic perfection, principles of description and the peculiarities of expressing styles. Different social, political, cultural, spiritual, educational, aesthetic problems of the period and time in which the poet lived are described more real, truly and reliably rather than the other lyric works. The internal world of the lyric hero – the rind, his human features, his attitude towards the universe are reflected in these works by means of the images, symbols and terms such as sakiy (cupbearer), jom (wine glass), drinking glass, wine, drink, fellow, drinking house. That's these poetic symbols are of great importance in performing the thoughts in the outlook and soul of the writer, expressing them lively, graphically and impressively. And this emphasizes a bit the artistic-aesthetic impressiveness of the rind poems. In this article the above mentioned problems, especially, the problem of the period and lyric hero in the poems in the way of sakiynama are described in detail. Keywords: Uzbek classical literature, sakiynama, period, rind, sakiy (cupbearer), wine, drinking house, lyric hero, soul, grief, symbol, party, jom (wine glass).


This paper attempts a reading of Rohinton Mistry's novel A Fine Balance (1997) and Gloria Naylor's Linden Hills (1985) envision insights from recent developments in eco-criticism and eco-feminism. Through Gender theory eco-feminism substantiates the silence of women in Linden Hills.
Eco-criticism is a form of literary criticism based on ecological perspectives.  It investigates the relation between human and the natural world in literature, such as the way in which environmental issues, cultural issues concerning the environment and attitudes towards nature are presented and analyzed.  One of the main goals of eco-criticism concerns the environment and attitudes towards nature and ecological aspects.  This form of criticism has gained a lot of attention during recent years (approximately since 2000) due to greater social emphasis on environmental destruction as a result of increased technology.  It is hence a way of analyzing and interpreting literary texts.  Eco critics investigate such things as the underlying ecological values, what, precisely, is meant by the word nature, and whether the examination of "Place" should be a distinctive category, gender or race. By examining the eco critical discourse in A Fine Balance, the paper posits that Mistry's vision of development in India is predicated on the conditions of sustainability.
The Ecological Feminism is an interdisciplinary movement which interrogates the new ways of thought process concerning natural world, diplomacy, and mysticism. Eco-feminist speculation has exacting and important association between females and natural world. Eco-feminism understands the suppression of women and their mistreatment in phrases of the subjugation and operation of the environment. Naylor discusses gender conditioned with eco-feminism perspectives. She scrutinizes United States as a "Place", in relation to race of Linden Hills.
The postcolonial feminist theory contends that through novel, A Fine Balance comparing with Linden Hills, Mistry interrogate the difficulties of maintaining natural and human diversity in the contemporary economic and social development in the Indian subcontinent. The aspects of paper are tailoring sustainability, ecology, eco - feminism and environment, urbanization and modernization, creation of ecological imbalance and the use of nature 'as an end to all means'.


Available flood statistics rarely relate directly to a specific site of interest. However, data from gauged sites can be used to construct regional flood quantile estimators. In the study the generalized extreme value distribution is used (GEV) and parameters are estimated with probability weighted moments. These L-moments are less affected by short time series and extreme single events than product moments. This is advantageous in view of possible fluctuations in flood statistics resulting from climate changes which are currently being discussed. As a result, regionalized flood statistics can be derived which are based on characteristics of the catchment area in question.


The task of building a description language for audio synthesis and processing consists of balancing a variety of conflicting demands and constraints such as easy learning curve, usability, flexibility, extensibility, and run-time performance. There are many alternatives as to what a modern language for describing signal processing patches should look like. This paper describes the object-oriented models and design patterns used in version 4 of the CREATE Signal Library (CSL), a full rewrite that included an effort to use concepts from the "4MS" metamodel for multimedia systems, and to integrate a set of design patterns for signal processing. We refer the reader to other publications for an introduction to CSL, and


WITH the conception and installation of the Pearl Street station in September 1882 in New York, the electric light and power industry became a fact, and from such small beginnings a mighty industry has developed. Afew weeks later the Appleton, Wisconsin, plant was started. The Appleton generators were driven by a waterwheel, and its successors using the sameprime mover dominate about a third of the central station industry. But Mr. Edison with a conception of a universal system of light and power supply saw with clear vision the possibilities of the steam engine as a primemover, and located his generating stations as nearly as possible in the center of distribution… independent of weather or rainfall or the presence of flowing water, he chose and adopted for his purposes the steam engine which Newcomen had invented and James Watt had perfected and adaptedto the transmission of power through a rotating shaft.


In presence of thermal inhomogeneities, particle diffusion is known to occur even without concentration gradients. This phenomenon, known as "thermodiffusion" or "Ludwig-Soret effect" is well documented since the nineteenth century, and has numerous current applications which range from astrophysics to polymer physics and chemistry. In this contribution, we propose new microscopic stochastic models of thermodiffusion. These models are variants of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process; they remedy problems encountered with earlier models and their large scale behaviour coincides with the predictions of standard continuous media theories.


1. Certification of Perianesthesia Nurses: CPAN(R) and CAPA(R) Certification Programs 2. Professional Issues Applied to Perianesthesia Nursing Practice 3. Perianesthesia Considerations Across the Life Span 4. Pharmacologic Considerations 5. The Spectrum of Perianesthesia Clinical Practice 6. Cardiac, Vascular, and Pulmonary Systems 7. Physiologic Balance 8. Neurologic, Neurovascular, and Musculoskeletal Systems 9. Intraabdominal and Retroperitoneal Observations 10. Maxillofacial, Nasopharyngeal, Ophthalmic, Otologic, and Reconstructive Concepts Answer Key Index


Two papers in this issue, one by David Freshwater (hereafter DF) and the other by Casey Van Kooten and Louise Arthur (hereafter VKA), are interesting but unrelated, and I will deal with them accordingly. The DF paper discusses U.S. agriculture and rural economy as well as Canadian, but I will leave the discussion of the U.S. situation to Johnson (in this issue). The basic premise in the VKA paper is that "policy failure may be a greater factor in environmental degradation than market failure." In some cases this is no doubt correct, but I am not at all certain that the examples mentioned in the VKA paper express this problem well (more about that later). The VKA paper does point out the importance of property rights when dealing with environmental policy, and this they would attribute to policy failure. One of the most obvious failures in environmental


Broad communications and travel offices have instituted a term Medical the travel industry; it is turning into a mainstream decision for traveler over the world. In current situation creating nations like India, Thailand, Malaysia, and so on are trying to advance restorative the travel industry. India is appreciating upper hand in social insurance section by its ease leeway. The key concerns confronting the Indian therapeutic the travel industry include: constrained government activity, absence of incorporated exertion to advance the business, absence of advancement and the absence of uniform estimating approaches and norms crosswise over emergency clinics. Ongoing years have seen a "blast" in the capacities of neuromarketing in creating compelling promotion battle. Sadly, it is minimal known and given an account of how promoting organizations make progressively viable medicinal services the travel industry ads. The reason for this paper is to dissect how neuromarketing systems may affect the purchaser reaction to Indian Medical the travel industry promoting efforts. The outcome demonstrates that utilizing neuromarketing techniques an Indian medicinal services organization can more readily comprehend the cognizant and oblivious shopper's musings and tailor explicit promoting messages. . At long last, this paper investigations and finishes up the fundamental elements, influencing the shopper conduct and why the creating nation like India should center these variables to draw in remote voyagers for the restorative treatment.


Reflective displays are advantageous in applications requiring low power or daylight readability. However, there are no low‐cost reflective technologies capable of displaying bright colors. By employing photoluminescence to more efficiently use ambient light, we created a prototype display that provides bright, full color in a simple, low‐cost architecture. This prototype includes a novel electrokinetic shutter, a layer that incorporates patterned luminescent red, green, and blue sub‐pixel elements, and a novel optical out‐coupling scheme. The luminescent elements convert otherwise‐wasted portions of the incident spectrum to light in the desired color band, resulting in improved color saturation and lightness. This prototype provides a color gamut that is superior to competing reflective display technologies that utilize color filters in single‐layer side‐by‐side sub‐pixel architectures. The current prototype is capable of switching in <0.5 s; future displays based on an alternative electro‐optic shutter technology should achieve video rate operation. A transflective version of this technology has also been prototyped. The transflective version utilizes its backlight with a power efficiency that is at least three times that of a conventional liquid crystal display. These photoluminescence‐based technologies enable a host of applications ranging from low‐power mobile products and retail pricing signage to daylight readable signage for outdoor advertising segments.


Polylactic acid (PLA) has been larger used in biomedical field due to its low toxicity and biodegradability. The aim of this study was to produce PLLA nanocomposites, by melt extrusion, containing Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and/or titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Immediately after drying, PLLA was mechanically homogenized with the nanofillers and then melt blended using a single screw extruder (L/D = 30) at a speed of 110 rpm, with three heating zones in which the following temperatures were maintained: 150, 150 and 160°C (AX Plasticos model AX14 LD30). The film samples were obtained by compression molding in a press with a temperature profile of 235 ± 5°C for 2.5 min, after pressing, films were cooled up to room temperature. The mechanical tests were performed according to ASTM D882-09 and the water vapor permeability (WVP) was measured according to ASTM E-96, in triplicate. The tensile properties indicated that the modulus was improved with increased TiO2 content up to 1g/100g PLLA. The Young's modulus (YM) of the PLA was increased from 3047 MPa to 3222 MPa with the addition of 1g TiO2/100g PLLA. The tensile strength (TS) of films increases with the TiO2 content. In both cases, the YM and TS are achieved at the 1% content of TiO2 and is due to the reinforcing effect of nanoparticles. Pristine PLA showed a strain at break (SB) of 3.56%, while the SB of nanocomposites were significant lower, for instance the SB of composite containing 7.5 g HNT/100g PLLA was around 1.90 %. The WVP of samples was increased by increasing the nano filler content. It should be expected that an increase of nanofiller content would decrease the mass transfer of water molecules throughout the samples due to the increase in the way water molecules will have to cross to permeate the material. However, this was not observed. Therefore, this result can be explained considering the molecular structure of both fillers, which contain several hydroxyl groups in the surface, making the end material more hydrophilic.


This study aimed to evaluate radiation therapists' (RTs) perceptions regarding the perceived barriers, knowledge, attitudes, confidence and role in administering an electronic screening tool to routinely screen for cancer patients' symptoms and distress.


The existence of hyperperfect numbers with more than two different prime factors is shown by five examples. Recently, Minoli [2] has defined n-hyperperfect numbers as positive integers m such that there is some positive integer n with (1) m = 1 + n[a(m)-m-1]. 1-hyperperfect numbers are the classical perfect numbers. Minoli gives a list of all n-hyperperfect numbers 1, and these numbers have the form paq, where p and q are prime numbers, p < q and a E N. Minoli wonders whether all hyperperfect numbers might have this form. By using a well-known technique, which was used, for instance, by Euler [1] to compute amicable number pairs, we have computed five hyperperfect numbers, each with three different prime factors. Let m = pqr, p < q < r prime numbers, be an n-hyperperfect number. By (1) we have pqr = 1 + n(pq + pr + qr + p + q + r). Now, if we assume that p and n are given, this is a quadratic equation in q and r. We write it as (p n)qr n(p + 1)q n(p + 1)r = 1 + np. Multiplying by (p n), and adding n2(p + 1)2 to both sides yields [(p n)qn(p + 1)][(p n)rn(p + 1)] = (p -n)(1 + np) + n2(p + 1)2. If AB, A < B, is a factorization of the known right-hand side, then we can write q =[n(p + 1) + A]/ (pn), r = [n(p + 1) + B]/ (pn). If now both q and r are integers and prime, then pqr is an n-hyperperfect number. Clearly, a small value of (p n) will facilitate finding integers q and r. The simplest choice isp n = 1; this gives (2) q = p -1 + A, r = p2 _ 1 +B, AB = p4 p2 -p + 2, A < B. If A = 1, then q = p 2, not a prime. If p _ 2 (mod 3), then p2 1 0 (mod 3) and AB = p4 p2-p +2 (mod 3), so that 3 1 A or 3 1 B; hence, at least one of q Received June 5, 1980. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary IOA20.


The aging of population and shortage of drivers have troubled the public transportation in Japan for years. Recently, automated bus has become a promising way to provide future public transport, including the university campus transportation service, with the rapid development of automated driving technologies. On-road pilot tests are considered as an effective way in promoting the deployment of automated buses. In this paper, several on-road pilot tests of automated bus aiming for campus transportation would be introduced, of which the tests conducted in Okinawa were mainly aimed for technical verification, and the tests performed at Kashiwa campus, the University of Tokyo, were mainly focused on the operation and maintenance issues. It is expected that the tests can provide an evidence for the possibility of applying automated bus in public transportation.


There are numerous applications for CdZnTe detectors that require a well characterized background. One such application is the study of neutrino-less double beta decay, which requires a very low background environment. The background has two main contributors, the natural background surrounding the detector system and the internal background due to the natural radioactive decay from components in the system. In order to understand the internal background present in the Polaris 18-detector CdZnTe array system, a lead cave was designed and built at the University of Michigan. The system was well-calibrated and measurements were taken over the course of several months to better characterize the internal background from the components of the Polaris system.


Aspergilloma and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis(ABPA) are different types of the pulmonary aspergillosis spectrum of diseases. ABPA is an inflammatory disease that causes hypersensitivity to Aspergillus spores growing in the bronchi, which is characterized by asthma, recurrent pulmonary infiltrations or mucoid impaction, eosinophilia and central bronchiectasis. Aspergilloma is a simple colonization of fungus within a cavitary lung lesion, but these diseases rarely coexist. A case of ABPA, coexistent with Aspergilloma, was experienced in a 31 year-old female. The diagnosis was confirmed by the immediate cutaneous reactivity to Aspergillus fumigatus, elevated total IgE antibodies, peripheral eosinophilia, bronchiectasis, growth of Aspergillus species in a sputum culture and radiographic infiltration. Treatment, with prednisone and itraconazole, led to improvement of the respiratory symptoms, reduction of the cavitary lesion and in the total serum IgE level.


In fact, most of the patients are in the early stage of infection, if given reasonable treatment, they can recover quickly. On the other hand, there is a recurrence of infection after rehabilitation that is also a risk factor for healthy people. In Henan Province of China, 14 patients were treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine after 2019-nCoV infection was diagnosed. We found that the final cure rate was 100% and there is none recurrence of infection, so far. Suofeng Sun* and Weiwu RD Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China Introduction At present, the new coronavirus has been popular all over the world, which has brought heavy pressure to the medical system of various countries [1]. A document was issued in January 23rd, 2020 to establish a synergistic mechanism for the 2019-nCoV. The provincial expert group is on duty in combination with traditional Chinese and Western medicine to carry out long-distance consultation with traditional Chinese and Western medicine for severe cases, so as to achieve full coverage. Treatment of 2019 Novel Coronavirus with Traditional Chinese Medicine In March 2020, we collected 14 patients' treatment information from the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of traditional Chinese medicine, Xinmi Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine and Lushi Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine. 14 patients were treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine after 2019-nCoV infection was diagnosed. According to the clinical manifestations and syndrome characteristics, 14 patients were treated with different traditional Chinese medicine, which was Decoction and orally taken. Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment combined with syndrome changes are divided into period of medical observation and Clinical treatment period. Clinical treatment period is divided into early stage, Metaphase, Severe stage, Recovery period. Finally, we recommend different traditional Chinese medicine treatment according to the pathological characteristics and clinical manifestations of each stage combined with Western Medicine, the treatment plan of medical observation period is shown in Table 1 and the treatment plan of clinical treatment period is in Table 2. 14 patients' treatment information is shown in Table 3. That is from the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinmi Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine and Lushi Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine were treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. We found that the final cure rate Clinical feature Recommended Chinese patent drug Dose/ day Medication method Medical observation period Feeble with gastrointestinal discomfort Huoxiang Zhengqi Capsule 3.6 g Oral Feeble with fever Lianhua Qingwen capsule 4.2 g Oral Table 1: Treatment scheme of medical observation period. Clinical feature Recommended prescription Dose/day Clinical treatment period Initial stage Aversion to cold with fever, dry cough, dry throat, fatigue, chest tightness, wanruff, or nausea, loose stools. The tongue is light or reddish, the moss is white and greasy, and the pulse is moistening. Cangshu 15 g, tangerine peel 10 g, magnolia officinalis 10 g, huoxiang 10 g, caoguo 6 g, raw ephedra 6 g, notopterygium 10 g, ginger 10 g, betel 10 g 600 ml Table 2: Treatment scheme of clinical treatment period. Suofeng Sun, et al., Clinics in Surgery General Surgery Remedy Publications LLC., | http://clinicsinsurgery.com/ 2020 | Volume 5 | Article 2805 2 was 100%. Further research shows that the specific pharmacological effects of these effective Chinese herbs can well control the storm of inflammatory factors brought by new coronavirus. Results were showed in Table 4. Discussion The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infection is 19 days; the longest can reach 24 days [2]. It turns out that asymptomatic virus carriers can also infect people. The epidemic has seriously endangered the lives and health of all human beings, so it is necessary to develop specific antiviral drugs. According to the results of the treatment of the 2019-nCoV in Henan Province of China, the Chinese medicine has played an important role. Therefore, we strongly recommend Chinese medicine's strategy for the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus to all countries in the world. Author Contributions Dr. Li had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Hospital Name Number of infected persons Therapeutic method Cure rate First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of traditional Chinese medicine 8 Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine 100% Xinmi Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine 3 Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine 100% Lushi Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine 3 Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine 100% Table 3: 14 patient's treatment information. Chinese medicine name Ephedra Licorice Chinese Atractylodes Polygonum cuspidatum Agastache rugosus Almond Effective components of traditional Chinese Medicine Ephedrine Liquiritigenin Atractylodin Emodin Apigenin Lauric acid Target TP53 Caspase ICAM1, ICAM2 Toll-like receptors (TLR4, TLR9) TNF receptor Interferon PTGS1/2, HSP90 Table 4: Target of traditional Chinese medicine. Concept and design: Sun. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Li, Sun. Drafting of the manuscript: Li, Sun. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Li, Sun. Statistical analysis: Li, Sun. Administrative, technical, or material support: Li, Sun. Supervision: Li, Sun. References 1. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;S0140-6736(20)30566-3. 2. Zheng F, Liao C, Fan Q-H, Chen H-B, Zhao X-G, Xie Z-GG, et al. Clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Hubei, China. Curr Med Sci. 2020;24:1-6.


Two simple and manageable schemes for integrating the time evolution operator e−iHt are discussed and applied to study vibronic effects in photoemission and optical excitation of model conjugated molecules.


This is the fourth report detailing Ptiliidae collected from forest litter by the Moravian Museum (Brno, Czech Republic) expeditions to Madagascar 2010-2013. Eight new species are described and figured: B. edwardi sp. n.; B. lanquidula sp. n.; B. merina sp.n.; B. opaca sp. n.; B. problematica sp. n.; B. secubita sp. n.; B. thomasi sp. n. and B. verecunda sp. n., and new data recorded for  B. dybasi Johnson. Problems concerning the genital morphology and species determination of the parthenogenetic members of the genus are discussed in relation to the findings, and the first blind and apterous species reported.A key to the known species from the island is provided.


It is the object of this paper to examine the evidence for the relative and absolute chronology of the Passage-Graves of the British Isles. The title of the paper as well as this bald statement of purpose begs the immediate question of what exactly the authors mean by Passage-Graves. We define a Passage-Grave as a prehistoric chamber tomb consisting of a passage leading to a round, polygonal, or square chamber, in which the collective burials were normally made. This type of monument may be walled with orthostats and roofed trabeate-wise by capstones, or it may be dry-walled with small stones laid horizontally and roofed by a false or corbelled vault, or again there may be present a combination of these techniques. On the other hand this type of monument may be wholly or partly cut in the rock or again there may be a combination of surface and rock-cut features in its construction. In almost all cases the surface forms of Passage-Grave are incorporated in a barrow or cairn of earth or stones. The constructional variety of the tomb does not affect its classification in a morphological category; the rock-cut tombs of Alcaide and Palmella are as much Passage-Graves as the corbel-vaulted tombs of He Longue and Alcalá, or the capstoneroofed tombs of Kercado and Bryn Celli Ddu.


Temperature is considered to be the most important environmental factor influencing the performance of ectotherms because it determines the rate of most biochemical reactions and thus the efficiency of metabolism and its function. Unfortunately, most studies investigate the effects of temperature on individuals exposed to a particular temperature regime during their whole pre‐imaginal development and detailed information on variation of the temperature effects during ontogeny is rare. In the present study, the effects of the timing of exposure to a transient period of elevated temperature during ontogeny on development rate and growth rate are investigated for the ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas. Control beetles are reared at a constant temperature of 20 °C, whereas treated beetles are reared at 20 °C but are exposed to 33 °C for 48 h either during the early‐larval stage, third‐larval instar, fourth‐larval instar or the pupal stage. The rate of development and the growth rate are both accelerated because the timing of exposure to elevated temperature occurred later in pre‐imaginal development (i.e. development rate and growth rate are highest in individuals exposed to elevated temperature during the pupal stage). An exception to this pattern is the lowering of development rate in individuals exposed to elevated temperature during the fourth‐larval instar. Female H. axyridis have a significantly higher development rate and growth rate than males. However, the relative difference in growth rate between the sexes is much higher than the difference in development rate between sexes, resulting in a female‐biased size (mass) dimorphism in adult beetles.


The aim of the article is to provide a quick reconfiguration of a large group of robots. To solve the problem, it is proposed to use a decentralized control in the form of a multi-agent system. Each agent performs movement planning based on a greedy algorithm. The simulation showed the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the future, it is planned to increase the reliability of the proposed method and its complexity for working with more complex configurations.


This study discusses about design of the self-learning mobile learning basic programming based on Android. Designed mobile learning material contains an abstract discussion of programming that is not visible invisible. This material was translated by concrete and to be more easily understood by students. The method used in the design of self-learning mobile learning is SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) waterfall, and use the process of UML (unified modeling language) with the use case diagram and flowchart. The results of this study indicate that the self-learning mobile learning basic programming is easy to use for students and teachers as instruction learning.


When using RGB-D SLAM algorithms, a robot often takes into account dynamic and static objects during the 3D mapping step. This paper aims to present a novel approach in the mapping step of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and map merging algorithms to a multi-robots system. The Object Subtraction Mapping (OS-Map) algorithm subtracts movable objects from the 3D environment and creates a clean 3D map. Therefore, it will be possible to merge the maps in a multi-robot scenario. With the availability of low-cost RGB-D sensors such as the Microsoft Kinect, our approach can be applied to low-cost robots. Both algorithms were applied to a TurtleBot 2 platform which has a RGB-D sensor as its main sensor. The results demonstrated the efficiency on generating and merging clean and accurate maps, using the OS-Map algorithm alongside a RGB-D SLAM approach.


A broadband dual‐polarized planar antenna with simple reflector is introduced. The antenna is composed of two pairs of circular slotted square arms which are coupling‐fed by two fan‐shaped microstrip lines. By properly adjusting the feeding structure, the antenna can be connected to 50‐Ω coaxial lines directly, making the antenna full planar. Due to the fan‐shaped microstrip stub and the tight coupling between the two dipoles, a bandwidth of 48.2% (1.62–2.68 GHz) for Return Loss > 14 dB and sufficient high port‐to‐port isolation of 30 dB can be achieved simultaneously. Circular holes are introduced to elongate the current path, leading to a compact and light‐weight radiator structure (0.36λ0 × 0.36λ0, where λ0 refers to the center operating frequency) which contributes to a simple reflector. Besides, the measured results show that a stable half‐power beam width of 70° ± 3°, an average gain of 7.6 ± 0.3 dBi for slant ±45° polarizations, and a low cross‐polarization of 29 dB are realized. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1948–1952, 2015


Chaotic systems which are due to nonlinearity have attracted a great concern in the current world and chaotic models. Systems for a wide range of operation conditions have their application in almost all branches of engineering and science. In the history of chaotic studies and nonlinearity, many different but co-existent phases can be distinguished [1]. In the initial phase, chaos was considered as a deterministic regime which, most probably, was responsible for the variations that was regarded as noise and thus was being modeled as a stochastic process. In the second phase, it was of great significance to establish criteria for detecting chaotic dynamics and thus establishing dynamical invariants which were necessary in quantifying chaos. The third step which was to develop machine learning models which could learn the dynamics and chaos from the data of the strange attractor [2]. With respect to this aspect, various model structures were developed and investigated on their ability to detect chaos from a given set of data [3]. These model structures included radial basis functions, and local linear mapping among others. The third phase is currently being investigated together with other issues surrounding nonlinear dynamics and chaos, for instance in noise reduction and control, among other issues.


Disclosed is a dry-powder peptide medicament with a non-typical concentration of carbohydrate excipient, as well as said medicament for use in treatment or prevention of a disease or condition, as well as methods for manufacturing said medicament.


Sharp development progress of information technology has affected many aspects including data security. This is because classified data are often transferred between systems. In this case, data hiding exists to protect such data. Some methods which have been proposed, however, are not yet optimal concerning the amount of the secret and the quality of the resulted stego data. In this paper, we explore an audio file as the medium to carry the secret data which has been extracted into binary. Before the process begins, the cover is converted to binary and each sample's bits are divided into two groups, one is used as the location of the embedded 4 bits whereas the second part locates the two bits that are randomly selected as the key. The experimental results have validated that the capacity is high and there is no much impact on the quality. Moreover, compared to the current LSB methods the security is exceedingly enhanced.


The article describes the problems of construction and design of irrigation and drainage structures on loess subsidence when soaking soils. Irrigation and drainage structures are widely used for laying canals, dams and other water facilities. The difference between these structures from industrial and civil is that water is soaked at the base of irrigation and drainage structures over a very large area. Moreover, depending on the properties of subsidence soils and the thickness of the layer at the base of the structure, subsidence can range from several centimeters to several meters. A large number of accidents were recorded during the design and construction of such structures in natural conditions on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, the Republic of the North Caucasus and in the south of Ukraine, where subsidence loess soils occupy a large area and extend for 10 meters. The article motivates the necessary laboratory and field studies of soils at the stage of research and design. Methods of research on experimental sites are described in detail and the results of the research are presented. It has been established that large subsidence deformations at the base of irrigation and drainage structures begin from a certain depth, which depends on the results of laboratory studies of the characteristics of subsidence properties. The conclusions of the article indicate various factors that determine the occurrence of emergencies at irrigation and drainage facilities and how to predict the operation of such facilities in time, taking into account the results of laboratory and field studies.


The formation and evolution of planetary nebulae (PNe) is largely attributed to the interaction of the fast stellar wind with the wind of the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB), and to the dynamical effects of the photo-ionization of the nebular material. The physical structure of a PN can be used to assess the relative importance of fast stellar winds and photo-ionization in its shaping and evolution, but there is little information on the hot gas content of PNe. Using our recent XMM-Newton observations of NGC 3242, we have made a comprehensive analysis of the physical structure of this nebula, combining the physical conditions of the shocked fast stellar wind in its interior and the spatio-dynamical structure and physical conditions of the photo-ionized material.


Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the important vegetable crops grown throughout the world including India. Onion bulb can be red, yellow or white however; the taste does not depend on the color. As a vegetable, it is a low in fat and calories, although, it primarily consumed for their ability to enhance the flavor of the other foods. It also contributes significantly to the human diet and has a therapeutic property. It is a good source of vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and a number of phytonutrients. These phytonutrients such as phenolics and flavanoids present in onion have been found to act as antioxidants to lower blood pressure and prevent some kinds of cancer (Yang et al., 2004; Slimestad et al., 2007). Onions are a source of ascorbic acid and dietary fiber too. It also possesses a high content of flavonoid (mainly quercetin and its conjugates) and sulpher compounds (i.e. thiosulphinates), both of which have a high level of antioxidant activity (Griffiths et al., 2002). Antioxidants can scavenge radicals by three major mechanisms: hydrogen atom transfer, electron transfer, and combination ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 1 (2015) pp. 635-641 http://www.ijcmas.com


This study presents an alternative control method using gas analysis by either chromatography or titration to insure proper odorization of transmission mainline gas. Under certain circumstances, gas analysis may be the primary control method for odorant injection. This method requires no installation of mainline measurement facilities. It also is capable of properly accounting for any odorant already existing in the gas stream either from naturally occurring odorants or previously injected odorants. Gas analysis as a control technique for odorant injection is not a common practice. Most natural gas industry odorant injections are controlled by ratio of odorant to gas volume. Using gas volume flow rate as the control method for prorata injection of odorant is quite satisfactory if the system is properly designed, constructed, maintained, and operated; however, gas volume flow control may prove expensive from a first cost basis in mainline installations where valves and meters must be installed. Also, it is not capable of accounting for naturally occurring odorants in the gas nor does it provide a quantitative record of odorant in the gas.


The Quasi-chemical differential equation model was used to evaluate the linear and non-linear (shoulders and tailing) inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in a surrogate food system using the novel non-thermal technology of High Pressure Processing (HPP). Kinetics data were collected over the ranges of 30,0 0-60,000 psi (200-620 MPa) and 20-60 °C. The Quasi-chemical model fit the inactivation data, and secondary models were established by relating the inactivation rate constants with pressure and temperature. These models provide the basis 1) to predict the pasteurization of these pathogens in pressure-treated foods, and 2) to develop predictive models for future work involving spores, that can become incorporated in the ComBase initiative.


We review recent development of In(Ga)As-channel MOSFETs. Planar UTB devices with raised regrown source and drain scale readily to sub-20nmgate lengths. Low-effective mass InAs and InGaAs channels, combined with thin gate dielectrics, provide high transconductance, but off-state leakage can be high due to band-band and source-drain tunneling currents. Leakage is reduced through thin 2.5-3nmchannels, and through InGaAs or wide-bandgap InP vertical field spacers in the regrown S/D. Growing the FET channel by atomic layer epitaxy on the sidewall of a sacrificial ridged template will enable InGaAs/InAs finFETs of few-nm channel thicknesses. Overview InAs and InGaAs have been recently and extensively studied for potential application in VLSI [1]-[9]. Interest is motivated by the high mobilities and high carrier injection velocities associated with these materials, parameters providing high transconductance and consequently the potential for high on-currents at low power supply voltages. Yet, impact ionization, band-band tunneling, and source/drain (S/D) tunneling leakage currents can be high because of low bandgaps and low electron effective mass; until recently [10], Ion (at specified low Ioff and VDD), had not approached or surpassed Si. If III-V MOSFETs are to supplant silicon MOSFETs in VLSI, their leakage currents will have to be greatly reduced, to levels varying from 100nA/m for high-performance (HP) logic to 30pA/m for low-power (LP) logic. Such low leakage currents must be obtained at device dimensions consistent with the next few scaling generations of VLSI; implying gate lengths approach 7-15nm and source/drain contact pitches approaching 20-40nm. Given such tight dimension, reduction of leakage through use of large lateral gate-drain spacers has little relevance to VLSI. Here we describe device designs for low-leakage III-V MOSFETs. In addition to benefiting FET electrostatics, extreme thinning the epitaxial InAs or InGaAs channel to 2-3nm increases the channel quantized bandgap, thereby also decreasing off-state leakage arising from BTBT. Inserting undoped vertical spacers within the raised regrowth source/drain (S/D) reduces the otherwise extreme electric field in the gate-drain region, reducing band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) leakage currents. InP, with its wider bandgap, is less prone to BTBT, but, with its higher electron effective mass, its extensive use within the FET channel will decrease the transconductance and on-current; by judicious insertion of InP only in the regions of highest field concentration, leakage can be greatly reduced while minimizing the sacrifice in on-current. III-V MOSFET scaling limitations extend beyond leakage currents. Because of the low effective mass, collapse of mobility from surface roughness scattering in nm-thick channels is a more serious challenge with In(Ga)As than with Si. FinFETs, necessary for scaling to very small Lg, demand very thin bodies of precisely-controlled thickness, yet III-V materials are prone to extreme damage when dry-etched. By forming the III-V fin by atomic-layer epitaxial growth on the sidewall of a sacrificial ridged growth template, high-damage dry-etch processes are avoided, and fin thicknesses can be controlled by the number of ALE growth cycles. Results Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a recent device, and Figure 2 a TEM cross-section of the channel. The FET has a 2.5-2.7nm thick InAs channel, a 1.0nm Al2O3/2.5nm ZrO2 gate dielectric [11] and 12nm undoped InGaAs vertical spacers in the raised regrown S/D. Transconductance (Figure 3) is high because of low InAs effective mass and thin channel and dielectric; off-state leakage is moderately low (Figure 4) because of the vertical spacers and the strong quantization in the thin channel. Long-channel FETs show 61 mV/dec. subthreshold swing S.S.(Figure 6) , on-current at 500mV VDD and 100nA/m Ioff (Figure 7) is 0.5mA/m, comparable to, or surpassing, leading [12]-[13] Si finand nanowire FETs. Because of residual BTBT at negative Vgs, off-current (Figure 4) in the FETs of Figure 1 meets the HP but not GP/LP/UPL ITRS requirements. Inserting (Figure 8) [14] raised-plus-recessed InP S/D spacers reduces off-current (Figure 9) more than 10:1 at a given (Vgs-Vth); our current efforts seek to minimize the sacrifice in on-current through use of InP only in the regions of greatest electric field. Figure 10 illustrates finFET fabrication by atomic layer epitaxy [15], while Figure 11 is a TEM cross section of a 180nm height, 8nm thick InGaAs fin formed by this process. References [1] J. Lin et al., IEDM, p. 421 (2013) [2] T.-W. Kim et al., IEDM, p.425 (2013) [3] S. W. Chang et al., IEDM, p.417 (2013) [4] S. Kim et al., IEDM, p.429 (2013) [5] S. Lee et al., APL, vol.103, p.233503 (2013) [6] D. H. Kim et al., IEDM, p.761 (2012) [7] J. J. Gu et al., IEDM, p.633 (2012) [8] M. Radosavljevic et al.,IEDM, p.319 (2009) [9] S. Lee et al., EDL, June 2014 [10] S. Lee et al., VLSI Symposium, June 2014. [11] V. Chobpattana et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 182912 (2014) [12] C.-H. Jan et al., IEDM, p.44 (2012) [13] S. Bangsaruntip et al., IEDM, p.526 (2013) [14] C.-Y. Huang et al., IEEE Lester Eastman Conference (2014) [15] D. Cohen-Elias et al., IEEE DRC, June 2013. Extended Abstracts of the 2014 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, Tsukuba, 2014, 658 E-8-1 (Invited) pp658-659


At present,complexity and uncertainty of environment in great social transition has brought forward higher requirement for the government ability.From the perspective of system theory,the government ability is emboded in the ability of government reaction,adaptation and reformation to the environment in social transition.According to policy interpretation of system theory,government ability is the ability to decide a public policy and implement it.So based on the policy's life process,we can improve the government ability in the three stages of environment management which are input,transform and output.


We introduce a computational method in physics that goes 'beyond linear use of equation superposition' (BLUES). A BLUES function is defined as a solution of a nonlinear differential equation (DE) with a delta source that is at the same time a Green's function for a related linear DE. For an arbitrary source, the BLUES function can be used to construct an exact solution to the nonlinear DE with a different, but related source. Alternatively, the BLUES function can be used to construct an approximate piecewise analytical solution to the nonlinear DE with an arbitrary source. For this alternative use the related linear DE need not be known. The method is illustrated in a few examples using analytical calculations and numerical computations. Areas for further applications are suggested.


1 online resource (PDF, 24 pages, plus 2 appendices). Submitted Spring, 2001 as a Plan B paper in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree in English as a Second Language from the University of Minnesota.


A pulsed molecular beam source has been developed using a conventional car fuel injector and an especially designed vacuum chamber. Beam pulses of about 150 μs duration (FWHM) and peak intensity better than 1020 mol sr−1 s−1 have been achieved for nitrogen. A simple model explaining the behavior and features of this source is proposed and a comparison with experimental data is presented.


2). The result indicated a w-statistics of 0.79. The result was verified by Pearson criterion and this gave χ 2 calculated value of 4.81 which is lower than table value of 11.07 at 5% significant level. The result revealed that risk sources affecting agribusiness investment were financial, marketing, currency and production in that order. The common risk reducing strategies were diversification, integration, forward contracting, and insurance, among others. Based on this, it was recommended that government should make policies that will encourage investors adopt the highlighted risk reducing strategies in risk management. Key word: Analysis, agribusiness, investment, Abia State, Nigeria.


Recently, Apollonian networks have received much attention because they simultaneously exhibit several properties found in other dierent networks; they are small worlds, scale-free, hierarchical, and possess fractal geometry. In this work we present an original algorithm, conceptually simple and computationally ecient, for generating Apollonian networks. Our algorithm is based on a method of correlation between the labels of the nodes in the network; this allows us to obtain the table of neighbors at any level of construction. The algorithm is implemented in such a way that facilitates the investigation of diverse dynamical processes on Apollonian networks and, in particular, it allows to study the in uence of the topological properties of these networks on the emergent collective behaviors.


By mass% with respect to the base refractory material, 0.1 [mu] m greater, including spherical particles which are not up to 10% of granulated with at least 1% with the following median diameter 2 mm, relative to the total dry weight of the mortar in mass%, less than 4% silica and (SiO The relative standard deviation of the size of the spherical particles which are not the granulation is less than 60%.


The Iterative Kalman filter Smoother (IKFS) is the method for
estimation of initial states and parameters of models in the
state space form. This estimation procedure is described in the
paper along with its basic properties. The above-mentioned
application is an example how Iterative Kalman filter Smoother
is employed to identify unobserved states and time-varying
parameters of macroeconomic models simultaneously.


This study contributes to the literature on organizational identity work by examining the ongoing micro-political processes of influence and negotiation that arise as conceptions of organizational identity are proposed and debated in the moment. To do so, we focus on interaction episodes, rather than on top management discourses or participant narratives as the key locus of organizational identity work. Specifically, based on a longitudinal case study of an open innovation organization from inception, we reveal five patterns of interactive organizational identity work emerging over time, that we label monologue, polyphony, dialogue, deadlock and rupture. While Monologue is a one-sided pattern that involves the dominance of a single voice, Polyphony involves episodes of engaged collective conversation about identity issues that lack clear resolution. In Dialogue, we see interactions where critical issues accumulate towards temporary compromises on identity concerns, while the Deadlock pattern arises when compromises appear unattainable, potentially culminating in Rupture, as interactions around identity lead members to dissociate themselves from the organization. We show how the direct and indirect focus on organizational identity issues (i.e., whether identity is the focal topic of conversation, or emerges as an issue underlying another decision), as well as the intensity of personal identity engagement among participants (i.e., the degree to which the conversation addresses speakers' personal identity commitments) may be implicated in the emergence of these patterns. Moreover, we show how the multiplicity and singularity of identity constructions are expressed through the different interaction patterns, with variable consequences for organizational collaboration and continuity among organization members.


The Internet has often been envisioned to have decentralizing effects. Not only should the technology in theory have the potential for making it easier to live and run companies in rural areas, but also this is in fact supposed to happen on such a scale that the countryside would achieve a development similar to that in urban areas. In Europe, and certainly in Sweden, governments–long before Internet use became widespread–established policies to help development in rural areas. It seems then that the Internet would come as a welcome gift, as it is supposed to facilitate such policies; indeed rather make them obsolete if it in fact were true that Internet use would inherently lead to decentralization. This chapter reviews a study concerned with how Swedish government agencies used IT during the period of 1985-1999–to centralize or to decentralize? The reason for studying government agencies is that the Swedish policy in support of regional development is meant to balance other developments that are negative for the region, such as the long way to markets, negative population growth, etc. This policy competes with other goals, such as economic goals and incentives for the individual government organization. The study was undertaken to see what the practical result of all these different policies is. In this chapter, we first briefly review the background, which includes a shift in attitudes for government agencies towards more of economic incentives, a generally more business-like approach. We go on to present our research questions and hypotheses. The results are then illustrated by a review of one of the four organizations studied, the AMV (the Swedish National Labor Market Agency), which is the organization officially celebrated as the e-Government role model for the future. Finally, we present our conclusions (which come from all four organizations studied, with AMV being the most prominent example).


This thesis is to present the desirable directions for port development policy of our country. In order to study this topic, first of all, environmental changes on the port at home and abroad, meaning and importance of port development policy, characteristics and realities of the port development of our country, and issues of the port development policy of our country are researched. In conclusion, the desirable policy directions toward the above-mentioned issues are as follows: 1) harmonization of port development and urban development, 2) close connection with backlands transportation, 3) transfer of port development subject, 4) expansion and pluralization of financial resources, 5) adaptation to the environmental changes on shipping and port, 6) exclusion of political influence in port development, 7) participation of port users and local self-governing bodies concerned, and so on.


We describe main ideas of method of many-particle quantum hydrodynamics allows to derive equations for description of quantum plasma evolution. We also present definitions of collective quantum variables suitable for quantum plasmas. We show that evolution of magnetic moments (spins) in quantum plasmas leads to several new branches of wave dispersion: spin-electromagnetic plasma waves and self-consistent spin waves. Propagation of neutron beams through quantum plasmas is also considered. Instabilities appearing due to interaction of magnetic moments of neutrons with plasma are described.


[Problems] To provide an agricultural polyolefin-based multi-layered film in which a reduction in the translucency which is caused when dew formation is produced on the surface of the film on the exterior side of a greenhouse immediately after the film is stretched on the greenhouse is inhibited and accordingly a decrease in cultivation due to an insufficient amount of light is prevented from occurring, and a decrease in working performance when processing the film due to static electricity is prevented from occurring. [Solution] An agricultural polyolefin-based multi-layered film which is characterized in that a fluorine-based surfactant component and a fine particulate component having an average particle size of 1.0 µm or greater are at least included in the outer layer of a base film, and an antifogging coating layer comprising as a main component an inorganic colloidal sol or a synthetic resin binder and an inorganic colloidal sol is provided on the surface of the inner layer side of the base film.


Since Merchant 2001, it has been widely agreed that the licensing condition on sluicing is at least partially semantic in nature. This article argues that the semantics this condition operates on must include not only truth conditions, but also the issues  introduced by existential quantification and disjunction. In the account presented here, the special role these elements play in antecedents for sluicing derives from the deep semantic connections between these elements and questions. In addition to accounting for well-known facts about sluicing in a natural way, this article also analyzes novel facts such as the interaction of sluicing with appositives and double negation, and handles recalcitrant cases such as disjunctive antecedents. The account can readily be extended to so-called 'sprouting' cases where the crucial material in the antecedent is an implicit argument or is missing altogether.


1. What is PADIMA about? 2. Methodological approach to economic diversification in PADIMA 3. Is the mountain economy diversified enough? If not, should it be? 4. Facts about the economy in study areas 5. Success stories of economic diversification 6. Key policy recommendations for decision makers 7. Conclusion 8. EU news: tomorrow's tools to encourage the entrepreneurship 8. PADIMA's next steps Newsletter n° 3, June 2012


as hannah arendt suggests in the above passage, there is a generic problem inherent to the story of the struggle of the working class. In myths humans labor heroically against nature and find victory and glory in their efforts. Even when a hero performs a seemingly ordinary act—for example, cleaning out a stable or competing in a swimming contest —the stakes become magnified far beyond what any other person could expect to achieve. For everyone else, there is only a "relentless repetition" of the struggle against decay and chaos, an interminable battle to maintain life itself. The circularity of labor, which must immediately reincorporate some part of what it produces in order to continue working, forestalls the question of heroism as much as its grinding endlessness overflows narrative bounds. To be recognized as extraordinary, a hero must wrest surplus into his possession, a feat that demonstrates excellence among others. In the narrative of productive labor, there are few of the remainders—wealth, honor, or glory—that allow a tale to be pushed toward climax, conclusion, and repose. Labor power as material phenomenon or human condition exists beyond the horizon of aristocratic genres, like tragedy, epic, and romance, and this exclusivity renders these literary forms unable to represent the actual source of the political power they celebrate. The romance of Havelok (ca. 1295) is an experiment in generic frontiers, an attempt to look into the vanishing point that is the unrepresentable space of labor. It is a narrative profoundly concerned with the human body's distressing vulnerability in a world of sweat and hunger. It is a story pitched at the grand scale of international political maneuvering, of dynas-


ABSTRACT Due to various reasons, variabilities in freight train travel time may be significant, yielding considerable challenges to forecasting the estimated time of arrival (ETA). Based on historical railway ETA data, this study first analyzes the shared route, then converts the historical data information of a train into multiple time data points, and finally, builds a tree-based model selection framework using the random forest algorithm (RF) and a feature weighted K-nearest neighbor algorithm (FWKNN) to create a phased prediction model. In terms of time, we study the use of different algorithms to predict the ETA of freight trains at various locations on freight train routes. In this study, the proposed method was tested on the dataset of the 2021 The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) Railway Applications Section (RAS) problem solving competition and won 2nd place.


Microteaching is a core second language teacher education practice. Yet, there is a lack of consensus surrounding what exactly it means to engage in microteaching and how teacher educators can intentionally make this practice relevant for teacher development. Addressing these issues, the present study utilizes Vygotskian sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 1978, 1986, 1987) to reconceptualize the microteaching simulation as play activity. Contrary to the colloquial understanding of play, a Vygotskian perspective frames play as a serious activity with developmental consequences. Using a novel conceptualization of play as (1) artificial, (2) futureoriented, and (3) mediational, I analyze dialogic episodes from the practice teach, a Vygotskian inspired microteaching simulation embedded within an MA TESL course. I demonstrate how play was co-constructed by the teacher educator, teachers enacting microteaching lessons, and teacher peers, and show how this play led the teachers to become aware of the reasoning behind their pedagogical activities. These episodes illustrate how engagement in the practice teach opened up possibilities for the teachers to function ahead of their current developmental levels through play. Ultimately, a Vygotskian perspective grounded in the value of play offers the potential to reclaim the relevance of microteaching as a meaningful second language teacher education practice.


In a series of space flight experiments and laboratory simulations of the hyperthermal oxygen atom environment of space, we have investigated several oxidation reactions occurring on materials of major significance to the semiconductor manufacturing industry. The materials on which we have reaction rate data and chemical composition measurements under various conditions include: Cu, Si, Ge, GaAs, GaP and SiC. In general, we observe accelerated growth of oxide films of thickness far greater than those obtainable at low temperatures (300 K to 600 K) with molecular oxygen or thermal atomic oxygen. Furthermore, the oxides are usually of good stoichiometry and involve the metals in their highest normal oxidation state. Some representative results we have obtained on the formation and characterization of these oxide films will be reviewed and references to more complete descriptions are cited.


This study is aimed at improving the utilization efficiency of resources and enhancing the experiments' effect of various composite membrane research. Firstly, the meaning and preparation process of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are discussed. Then, the theoretical knowledge of fusing machine learning and multisensor technology is outlined. Finally, based on the controllable fabrication concept of MOF [UIO- (Universitetet I Oslo-) 66]/ZrAl ceramic composite membranes, a multisensor model incorporating machine learning is designed. The results show that the designed radial sensor backpropagation (RS-BP) fusion multisensor model has the highest error rate of about 0.87. When the number of training is about 100 times, the model's error rate tends to be stable, and the minimum error rate is about 0.01. Secondly, the maximum adsorption capacity of the composite membrane under the controllable preparation of the model is 800 cm3/g Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). Additionally, the adsorption capacity decreases slowly, and the overall adsorption energy is higher than that of the traditional preparation method. Finally, the catalytic efficiency of membranes prepared by fusing multiple sensors is 90%-97%. The research achieves innovation in technology and improves the feasibility of rational application of MOF (UIO-66)/ZrAl ceramic composite membranes. This study not only provides technical support for the development of machine learning fusion multisensing technology but also contributes to the comprehensive improvement of the resource utilization effect.


We propose the exchange model of proximity effect in the ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator (F/S/F) trilayers. This model takes into account the long range antiferromagnetic indirect RKKY exchange between localized spins placed at the F/S boundaries through superconducting electrons of the S layers as well as direct ferromagnetic exchange of nearest neighbors in the F layers. We propose new control devices based on the three‐layered F/S/F nanostructures and combining the advantages of the superconducting and magnetic data‐record channels in a single sample.


Reporting in the scientific plane is considered as one of the eight elements of the method of accounting, but in practice is an indispensable tool for summarizing the results of the financial and business operation of entities, as well as a major source of information in attracting investment. However, the existing financial and statistical reporting bears threats to the financial security of national agricultural enterprises. In particular, according to the accounting reports today the agricultural sector is more profitable than banking. This article focuses on substantiation of the need to expand the information of financial reporting to make strategic management decisions and increase the investment attractiveness. The author believes that the current financial statements lost most of the indicators that have been used before and offers to introduce additional financial statements alongside the existing ones. These forms should contain the information on land, fixed assets, production and sale of agricultural products, the structure of production costs and other indicators of industrial activity.


The majority of folds in extensional tectonic settings are associated with normal fault systems over a wide range of scales. The hinges of longitudinal folds are subparallel to associated faults, whereas those of transverse folds are oriented at a high angle to the related normal faults. Longitudinal folds include drag folds (hanging-wall synclines and footwall anticlines), reverse-drag folds (hanging-wall anticlines and footwall synclines), and rollover folds (hanging-wall anticlines). Drag folds form as a result of fault propagation into monoclinal warps present at the fault tips; some may form as a result of frictional drag and differential compaction. Reverse-drag folds develop because displacement decreases with distance from the fault surface. Rollover folds are pro uced by movement along gravity-driven listric faults in thick sedimentary successions. Drag folds have a smaller wavelength than reverse-drag or rollover folds and may be superimposed on these larger structures. Basin-scale synclines are the largest type of transverse folds and are manifested in plan view by basin outlines that are concave toward the border fault. These folds form because displacement is greatest near the center of the map trace of the border fault and decreases toward its along-strike ends; this is a scale-invariant feature of most normal faults. Transverse folds are also associated with segmented fault systems: hanging-wall synclines are located near the centers of fault segments, whereas hanging-wall anticlines are found at segment boundaries where the fault segments ommonly overlap. Some transverse folds may be caused by movement along an undulatory fault surface. Many folds in extensional tectonic settings form syndepositionally and control stratal thickness and facies relationships.


The coal injection process of blast furnace has certain particularity. Including gas movement, material movement, coal gasification process, coal combustion and other phenomena. However, the actual conditions of the laboratory are limited, and these phenomena need to be simplified. The key of physical simulation is to design the experimental model correctly. The basic theory of the correct design of the experimental model is the principle of similarity, that is, to establish the experimental model satisfying the main similarity conditions. So as to ensure that the main physical phenomena in the model and prototype are similar. A series of measurements were carried out during the experiment. Get the knowledge of the corresponding change law of the prototype. In the process of experiment, it is necessary to make sure that the model has the same number, material balance and heat balance. Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve the equilibrium state in the experimental process and obtain meaningful experimental results.


During the second half of the last century, different types of flexible and adaptable educational methods have appeared in response to new social needs. Among the alternatives are the non-formal educational models that together with mass communication media have lead to distance learning. This article analyzes a variety of institutions working in distance learning, emphasizing its development in Latin America and the Caribbean. The main difficulties met with by this model in the region are also analyzed and discussed, among which are the lack of credibility, the scarcity of financial resources, the lack of understanding of independent learning, the shortage of qualified teachers, and the absence of educational policies leading to the development of this model. As for the future of distance learning in the region, the trend towards taking advantage of the new technologies for adult education in distance or mixed programs is noted. Marco Pérez A perspective on distance learning and adult education in Latin America and the Caribbean


To the Editor: First, we thank Mansoori et al1 for their excellent work related to primary angle-closure eyes. They measured the central anterior-chamber depth (ACD) in plateau iris syndrome (PIS) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes and showed that ACD is significantly shallower in the former group. As they have suggested in their paper, this finding contradicts the traditional definition of PIS in which the central ACD is usually deeper than in the pupillary block mechanism. Our unpublished data also demonstrate that PIC eyes do not have deeper central ACD than PACG eyes. This outcome is also supported by the study from Mandell et al2 in 2004. Although Mansoori and colleagues have clearly highlighted that unlike the traditional belief that the central ACD in PIS is not deeper than in PACG eyes, the mean for the central ACD in PIS reported in the article (table 2) seems to be very low (0.81±1.08mm), even lower than in eyes with acute primary angle closure in other studies.3 We would appreciate if they could kindly recheck their data as their article is likely to be cited in the future.


THE SOLUTION CONTAINING POLYPEPTIDES FROM AS osmotic agents 0.35 to 4.0% (W / V) DEXTROSE from 0.5 to 4.0% (W / V).


Japanese students of English as a second language can easily learn to detect and integrate the natural rhythms of spoken English through recognizing the words that predictably link to the following word.This paper centers on an isochronic teaching technique to alert students to the set of high-frequency words that signal linking and achieve a dramatically improved incorporation of native English speech rhythm.A brief analysis follows of the results of an exercise administered to test linking recognition.


The review and analysis of the book 'Feeling backward: loss and the politics of queer history' by Heather Love is discussed. The book presents an intervention into recent queer historical and literary scholarship that has explored the affective relationship between the historian and their object of study. Review(s) of: Feeling Backward: Loss and the Politics of Queer History, by Heather Love, Harvard University Press, Harvard and London, 2007, ISBN: 9780674026520. Includes endnotes.


Time is one of the keys by which project success can be measured. However, delay in construction projects remains a common occurrence. This paper attempts towards reviewing past literature on causes of delay in different types of construction. The most common methods adopted by researchers for causes of delay identification were presented. This review also discussed the groups causing delay based on the source of delay. The top five delay factors related to contractor, owner and consultant have been discussed within each category. This paper revealed that previous researches are regarded as the main source for causes of delay identification. Moreover, questionnaire and the relative importance index are the most frequent methods for collecting data and ranking delay factors, respectively. Contractor, owner and consultant groups are the highest frequent groups utilized for categorization. Furthermore, causes of delay related to contractor and owner are of great importance. While consultant group and its relevant causes have shown lesser importance relatively.


The energy intake of 6 year old Japanese girls has increased every year from 1430 kcal (5983 KJ) in 1954 to a high of 1884 kcal (7882 KJ) in 1971, and then gradually decreased reaching 1627 kcal (6807 KJ) in 1994. The proportion of food energy from carbohydrate of 6 year old Japanese girls has decreased every year from 73% in 1954 to 53% in 1994. On the other hand, both the fat and the animal protein proportions have increased from 14% to 32% and from 4.6% to 8.8% between 1954 and 1994, respectively. These changes are thought to be caused by economic development, changes in the structure of agriculture, introduction of the school lunch system, and changes in food choices. Health status indicators such as physique and incidence of tuberculosis have also improved. On the other hand, the numbers of children who are obese, have high cholesterol levels, or are allergic, has increased as fat and animal protein content has increased in meals. The traditional Japanese diet contained more carbohydrate, fish and ve...


Communication via computer takes many forms. But computer mediated communication is on the increase all over the world. The youth who constitute a large portion of the world's population have equally embraced this technology. Since the very youth are in schools/colleges/universities learning, the role that computer mediated communication plays in their academic and social life ought to be investigated. This research investigates the role that computer mediated communication has on students' academic and social life in Nairobi Westlands district. To achieve this, four objectives were set: first was examining the main CMC applications used by secondary school students to communicate. Then investigate the function(s) of networked computers in communication. This research also sought the extent to which computer mediated communication is being utilized in schools, with particular reference to Nairobi Westlands district. And, last was to establish whether instant messaging, social network sites and electronic mail build relationships. A quantitative research methodology was designed to with an 11 item questionnaire to gather information from six secondary schools from the research site. Findings show that indeed students are using e-mails, instant messaging and social network services to communicate on academic and social life. It is therefore vital for education stakeholders to acquaint themselves with these CMC applications so as find alternative communication media to students.