The effects of species richness and elevated CO 2 on community productivity under altered nutrient levels were studied in experimental herbaceous communities composed of species from the Midwestern United States annual community, which consists of three functional groups C 3 , C 4 and N-fixers. Aboveground and below-ground biomass were measured at flowering stage and at the end of the experiment when fruits of most plants were ripe. At the low nutrient level, species richness did not have a significant effect on community productivity. However, at the high nutrient level, the community biomass decreased with decreasing species richness at both ambient and elevated CO 2 in the first harvest, and at elevated CO 2 in the second harvest. At low nutrient level, CO 2 slightly increased community biomass at medium and high species richness. At high nutrient level, CO 2 significantly increased community biomass in all species-richness treatments in the first harvest, but a significant response was observed only in the high richness treatment in the second harvest. At the functional group level, biomass of C 3 responded positively to CO 2 , and C 4 responded very negatively to CO 2 . The N-fixers responded positively to CO 2 at low and medium species richness, but negatively at high species richness, showing a CO 2 x richness interaction. CO 2 increased species evenness in the communities, depending on nutrient level. Species varied in the responses of light-saturated net photosynthesis (P max ) to elevated CO 2 , even within functional groups. Our findings suggest that (1) the relationship between productivity and species diversity was dependent on nutrient levels. (2) Species diversity enhances responses of communities to elevated CO 2 . (3) Harvest time can affect the results of diversity-productivity experiments. (4) Responses of C 3 , C 4 , and N-fixers to elevated CO 2 in communities did not follow the prediction based on functional groups or plants grown individually, rather it depended on species richness.


current study was conducted to determine the effects of Chromium piclonat supplementation on some  productive  traits and serum parameters of male rabbit exposed to heat stress by used electric heaters  ,twenty four male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups 6 for each, first group put in normal suitable climate condition based diet without additional Chromium and kept as positive control group , while The other  three groups exposed to heat stress  , the basal diet was consisted of 0, 300 , and 500 ppb of Chromium piclonate  respectively as a feed additives . All rabbit received feed and water ad libitum, the results showed  that there were Increasing organic Cr supplementation 300 and 500 pbb  of two treated groups resulted in an increase in body weight compared with negative and positive control group , the  serum glucose and cortisone hormone concentrations of both treated groups were decrease, as dietary Cr level increased (P<0.05), but Cr supplementation did not affect total protein,  albumen and globulin. These data indicated that organic Cr supplementation increased some performance traits, particularly body weight production and decreased in glucose and cortisone hormone while there were not significant effect in the total of serum protein,  Albumin and globulin ,it can be concluded that adding chromium piclonat in dose 300,500pbb in diet of rabbits during  hot periods has a benefits to overcome deterioration in some performance traits  related to oxidative stress results from  heat stress.


This study aims at carrying out the vibration analysis of a tapered rotating cantilever initially stressed Rayleigh beam.  The governing partial differential equations of motion of a rotating tapered Rayleigh beam are reduced to ordinary differential equations using separation of variables. A semi-analytical approach known as Differential Transform Method (DTM) is then applied to the non-dimensional form of the governing equations of motion and a set of recursive algebraic equations are determined. Performing some direct algebraic operations on these derived equations and using some computer codes developed and implemented in MAPLE 18, the dimensionless natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of the beam are obtained. In the illustrated example presented, the modulus of elasticity is assumed to vary along the beam's length while the mass density is kept constant. The effects of rotational speed, inverse of slenderness ratio and taper ratio on the dimensionless natural frequencies are also investigated. The results obtained are validated using six relevant existing studies and are found to compare favourably well with those in the open literature. It is found among others that (i) increasing the rotational speed and the inverse of slenderness ratio of the tapered rotating Rayleigh beam lead to an increase and a decrease respectively in its natural frequencies; and (ii) increasing the tapered ratio of the beam yields, generally, a decrease in its natural frequencies. Finally, it is shown that the convergence of the DTM for the governing ordinary differential equation holds.
Keywords: Rotating tapered beam, natural vibration, Rayleigh beam theory and differential transform method.
 Corresponding author. Tel.: +2348035785943 Email address: email@example.com
This study aims at carrying out the vibration analysis of a tapered rotating cantilever initially stressed Rayleigh beam.  The governing partial differential equations of motion of a rotating tapered Rayleigh beam are reduced to ordinary differential equations using separation of variables. A semi-analytical approach known as Differential Transform Method (DTM) is then applied to the non-dimensional form of the governing equations of motion and a set of recursive algebraic equations are determined. Performing some direct algebraic operations on these derived equations and using some computer codes developed and implemented in MAPLE 18, the dimensionless natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of the beam are obtained. In the illustrated example presented, the modulus of elasticity is assumed to vary along the beam's length while the mass density is kept constant. The effects of rotational speed, inverse of slenderness ratio and taper ratio on the dimensionless natural frequencies are also investigated. The results obtained are validated using six relevant existing studies and are found to compare favourably well with those in the open literature. It is found among others that (i) increasing the rotational speed and the inverse of slenderness ratio of the tapered rotating Rayleigh beam lead to an increase and a decrease respectively in its natural frequencies; and (ii) increasing the tapered ratio of the beam yields, generally, a decrease in its natural frequencies. Finally, it is shown that the convergence of the DTM for the governing ordinary differential equation holds.


Privatization has become the burning issue in Germany following the federal government decision to withdraw financial participation in airports and to develop Schonefeld as Berlin's sole airport. The finance sector has scarcely drawn breath since the federal cabinet decided to privatize on 28 November 1995. Hamburg has been chosen to lead the German airport privatization program. It is seen as the yardstick for, first, Cologne/Bonn and then the other three airports -- Berlin, Frankfurt and Munich -- in which the federal government still holds shares.


Competitive edge will not come from cost alone in the European Single Market, nor in competition with the Far East. ICL provides a case study of an IT manufacturing company in transition. Realignment in the marketplace requires above all the successful management of change in people, attitudes and organisation.


Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a clinical syndrome of the elderly characterized by malaise, proximal muscle aching and stiffness, low grade fever, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rare and the frequent association with temporal giant cell arteritis. The authors describe a case of PMR associated with hepatic giant cell arteritis. This lesion has been described in two other clinical reports. The distribution of the arteritis may be patchy; in this report, diagnosis was made with a wedge biopsy performed after an initial nonspecific percutaneous liver biopsy. The authors review the spectrum of liver involvement in PMR and giant cell arteritis. Hepatic abnormalities respond to systemic corticosteroids, and patients with hepatic arteritis have a good prognosis.


This study reports on the improvements in IQ scores and maintenance of the gains following EEG biofeedback with identical twin girls with mild developmental delay and symptoms suggestive of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Full Scale IQ scores increased 22 and 23 points after treatment and were maintained at three follow-up retests over a 52-month period. ADHD symptom checklists completed by their mother showed a similar pattern of improvement and maintenance of gains. The extent of improvement is supported by anecdotal reports of behavioral changes. The results are discussed in the context of other studies of EEG biofeedback also showing improved intelligence following EEG biofeedback.


A double haploid (DH) population derived from the cross between a japonica parent Chunjiang 06 and an indica parent TN1 was used to detect QTLs for resistance to rice bacterial blight(BB). Chunjiang 06 was moderately resistant to the strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Zhe 173 and TN1 was susceptible to. Three QTLs (qBBR1,qBBR3-1, qBBR7) were detected for BB resistance on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, respectively. qBBR3-1 and qBBR7 showed additive effect, and qBBR1 negative. The result revealed that Chunjiang 06 did not carry any major resistance gene and two QTLs were detected on chromosomes 3 and 7 conferring the resistance to Xoo strain.


WordMelodies is a mobile app that aims to support inclusive teaching of literacy skills for primary school students. Thus it was designed to be accessible both visually and through screen reader, and it includes over 80 different types of exercises for practicing literacy skills, each with adjustable difficulty levels, in Italian and in English. WordMelodies is freely available for iOS and Android devices. However, it has not been previously evaluated with children having visual impairments. Thus, in this article, we evaluate the app usability, its perceived ease of use, appreciation and children's autonomy while using it, as well as the characteristics of the end users. To achieve this, we conducted a user study with 11 primary school students with visual impairments, and we analyzed app usage logs collected from 408 users in over 1 year from the app publication. We show that app usability is high, and most exercises can be completed autonomously. The exercises are also perceived to be easy to perform, and they are appreciated by the participants. Finally, we provide insights on how to address the identified app limitations and propose future research directions.


The WTO entry of China creates the unprecedentedly great opportunities for the cooperation between Chinese and foreign enterprises.In the cooperation of them,most of the Chinese enterprises take the OEM strategy.But different enterprise should select suitable of OEM path according to the period of its development,the characteristic of its products and the different market.This paper puts forward some suggestions on carrying out the OEM strategy in Chinese enterprises from the angles of the industry and the enterprise respectively.


The gasification of the coke deposited on the catalyst for inferior heavy oil decarburizing was investigated with O2,H2O(g) and O2-H2O(g) mixture as gasifying agents in a micro-fixed bed at temperature range of 873-1073 K.The effects of reaction temperature,gasifying agent volume fraction and reaction time on product composition and coke conversion were determined.The results showed that with O2 as the gasifying agent,CO and CO2 were the major gaseous products in coke gasification and n(CO)/n(CO2) increased with the increase of temperature.With H2O(g) as the gasifying agent the products of coke gasification comprised of H2,CO,CO2,and a bit of CH4,and the effect of reaction temperature on the product composition was not significant,but the coke conversion increased rapidly at the temperature above 1049 K.The volume fraction of CO+H2 exceeded 87% as gasification at 1025 K for 25 min,and the coke conversion increased with the increase of reaction time.With O2-H2O(g) mixture as the gasifying agent the product composition of coke gasification was similar to that with H2O(g) as gasifying agent in which the O2 volume fraction was low,however,the H2 volume fraction decreased greatly when the O2 volume fraction increased and close to zero as O2 volume fraction of higher than 10%.At the same time,the product composition was resembled to that with O2 as the gasifying agent.In addition,the coke conversion was increased with the increase of O2 volume fraction and reaction temperature.


This thesis describes the procedure of building a virtual laboratory that can
be used for testing various security solutions. Security testing was carried
out by free open source applications. Evaluation of couple free security
systems was carried out in order to show how to use security testing
applications. The results show that it is possible to build a virtual laboratory
with free open source applications where security testing only depends on
the configuration of security solution that is being tested and not on the
testing applications.


The radiation dose to the breasts should be kept to a minimum as breast tissues are highly sensitive to radiation. In mammography, the mean glandular dose (MGD) is used to specify the patient dose. In this study, data on the MGD during diagnostic mammographic examinations was collected using the database from six digital mammography facilities available in the Western Province in Sri Lanka. Examinations involving breast pathology, breast implants, or compressed breast thicknesses (CBT) outside the range of 20–110 mm were excluded in this study. The mean MGD per breast was 3.50 mGy, with a mean CBT of 57 mm. The mean MGD per facility varies from 1.58 to 2.27 mGy, with overall 75th and 95th percentiles of 2.15 and 2.82 mGy, respectively. The 75th and 95th percentile MGD per image, for the average CBT of 57 ± 12 mm, were 2.00 and 2.65 mGy respectively. The 75th percentile value of the MGD is suggested for the Western Province and it depends on the specific CBT.


Using the method developed by Gurvitz of solving Schrodinger equations and the numerical calculation, we investigate the oscillation and the entanglement of the two opposite-spin electrons in coupled quantum dots, and show how to read out the entanglement by quantum point-contact detector. The results show that the two electrons start to entangle due to Coulomb interaction, and then they move together with Coulomb interaction augmenting, similar to the oscillation of an electron in a qibit. In this case, we locate a quantum point contact detector near one of the quantum dots, and the entanglement information can be obtained by changing the current.


AbstractDerivation of spatial distribution of travel time is required in some conceptual rainfall-runoff transformation models. Application of a kinematic wave (KW) solution to delineate isochrones of travel time may be straightforward, particularly in an overland flow regime. In this article, a new analytical approach based on the diffusive wave (DW) solution is developed for calculation of travel time. The discharge hydrograph over a rectangular plane will be calculated based on the developed analytical DW method through the application of the time-area method. Differences between calculated maximum travel time (i.e., equilibrium time), isochrone locations, and outflow discharge between the KW and DW solutions are compared with those of the numerical dynamic wave (DYW) solution. It is shown that analytical DW results are closer to those of the DYW in comparison with those of the KW. The effect of the K0F02 number on the solution accuracy is investigated, where K0 is the kinematic wave number and F0 is t...


The present article deals with the problem of expressing irony evaluation in German newspapers. The author considers some language means used to express the irony evaluation.


Service-learning is an instructional method in which students learn course content by actively participating in thoughtfully organized service experiences related to the content. Effectively linking service-learning to course content not only offers students a powerful opportunity to maximize academic learning, but also promotes their personal growth and instills a commitment to lifelong, civic engagement. Service-learning was integrated into an upper level undergraduate course, Adolescent Development. In addition to completing the traditional course work, students also completed a service-learning experience at a community agency that served adolescents. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the service-learning component, students were surveyed at the end of the semester about their service-learning experiences. Almost all students agreed they had learned more about course concepts as a result of their service-learning experience, and the majority felt their service-learning activity provided a needed service to the agency and community. KEYWORDS service-learning; assessment; pedagogy; civic engagement


Engineering property of reinforced sandy soil is mostly studied by researchers in China and abroad .Xigeda soil is widely distributed in the region of Panzhihua and Xichang in Sichuan Province and northern part of Yunnan Province. The soil is a kind of sandy soil with high clay content and special engineering property .With reinforced material PP strips, consolidated-drained triaxial shear test is conducted to analyze stress and strain relationship of reinforced Xigeda soil ,variations of reinforced benefit coefficient IR with reinforced layers and confining pressure, determine strength parameters c,φ for composite earth under each reinforced layer. Test results indicate that reinforced benefit coefficient IR is higher with increased reinforced layers and lower with confining pressure rise. Values c and φ are larger with increased reinforced layers.


We present a clinical case of a patient with metachronous primary multiple carcinoma of left kidney (2004) with left adrenal metastasis (2021), occult low-grade follicular thyroid carcinoma with lateral neck lymph node metastasis (2019), central lung cancer (2020), primary hyperparathyroidism with coherent parathyroid adenomas with intrathyroid and typical location.Patient had undergone left-side nephrectomy with bilateral adrenalectomy, double-staged thyroidectomy with parathyroidectomy and selective lateral neck dissection and right-side pulmonectomy with 4 sessions of chemotherapy. Almost 20 years after first operation patient has no signs of tumors recurrence. In addition, patient is undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) of adrenal insufficiency and thyroid hormone suppression therapy.This case represents combination of non-hereditary endocrine neoplasms with multiple carcinomas. It also examples mistakes and difficulties of differential diagnosis of primary adrenal tumors and adrenal metastasis.


ABSTRACT Background: Millions of children in developing countries remained unvaccinated and under-vaccinated. This study was aimed to determine the pooled full vaccination coverage and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: This review and meta-analysis were included observational studies conducted from 2013 to 2020. The international online databases as well as gray literatures were retrieved from April 15 to 30/2020. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were extracted using Microsoft excel 2016 and analyzed using STATA 11.0 statistical software. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q statistics and I2 test. The pooled effect sizes were determined using pooled proportion for the full vaccination coverage and odds ratios for the associated factors with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. Result: Sixteen studies with 8305 children aged 12–23 months were included. The overall pooled full vaccination coverage was 65% (95% CI: 56%-74%). Institutional delivery (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.78–2.52), travel to vaccination site for <2 hours (OR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.97–3.00), received at least one antenatal (ANC) visit (OR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.46–4.1), good maternal knowledge of immunization (OR: 3.63, 95%CI: 2.82–4.67), being informed on immunization schedule (OR: 2.54, 95%CI: 2.02–3.2), living in urban areas (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.54–2.6), and a household visit by health-care providers during the postnatal period (OR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.22–4.09) were the independent predictors of full immunization coverage among children age 12–23 months. Conclusion: The study showed that the pooled full immunization coverage is still far from the national target (90%). Therefore, the government should strengthen both the outreach and facility-based immunization services.


First set-up of the laser interferometer with tunable semiconductor laser is presented. To reduce the influence of the index of refraction of air, the design of optical set-up of the experimental interferometer is realized using fiber optics. VCSEL diodes (Vertical Surface Emitting Laser) and DFB laser diodes (Distributed FeedBack) were used in our setup of the laser interferometer. Comparison of the frequency stability and the wavelength tuneability of these laser diodes are presented. In our first set-up of the laser interferometer was used the method of the frequency stabilization on optical resonator to stabilize of frequency of laser diodes and measurement of the tuneability of the wavelength. Measurement of absolute values can be providing by this laser interferometer. The project will be proceed with the research of other modulation and detection techniques and development of a new method with high level of digital signal processing for the detection of interference signals to improve resolution of the interferometer. The design of an absolute laser interferometer which was intended to operate in applications oriented to precision manufacturing and testing where the ability to measure distance directly is needed and where the measured distances are relatively small ranging over no more than few cm.


This paper describes the concept of routing in wireless sensor networks. Routing algorithm provides reliable path from source to destination. Energy efficiency is main constraint in Wireless Sensor Networks. For improving life time and energy consumption various routing algorithms have been proposed. In this paper describe the hierarchical routing techniques. Hierarchical routing includes tree based routing, cluster based routing, chain based protocol, and grid based routing. And also compare the hierarchical routing techniques.


The reduced derivative of α‐conotoxin MI, a 14 amino acid peptide is characterized by NMR‐pH titrations and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the protonation constants of the nine basic moieties, including four cysteine thiolates, and the charge‐dependent structural properties. The peptide conformation at various protonation states was determined. The results show that the disulfide motifs in the native globular α‐conotoxin MI occur between those cysteine moieties that exhibit the most similar thiolate basicities. Since the basicity of thiolates correlates to its redox potential, this phenomenon can be explained by the higher reactivity of the two thiolates with higher basicities. The folding of the oxidized peptide is further facilitated by the loop‐like structure of the reduced form, which brings the thiolate groups into sufficient proximity. The 9 group‐specific protonation constants and the related, charge‐dependent, species‐specific peptide structures are presented.


The most common, and usually the only, endocrine disturbance in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) and epilepsy is central precocious puberty (CPP). The mechanism for CPP associated with HH may relate to ectopic generation and pulsatile release of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) from the HH, but this remains an unproven hypothesis. Possible regulators of GnRH release that are intrinsic to HH tissue include the following: (1) glial factors (such as transforming growth factor α[TGFα) and (2) γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)–mediated excitation. Both are known to be present in surgically‐resected HH tissue, but are present in patients with and without a history of CPP, suggesting the possibility that symptoms related to HH are directly associated with the region of anatomic attachment of the HH to the hypothalamus, which determines functional network connections, rather than to differences in HH tissue expression or pathophysiology. CPP associated with HH presents with isosexual development prior to the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It is not uncommon for CPP with HH to present in children at an earlier age in comparison to other causes of CPP, including in infancy. Surgical resection of the HH can be effective for treating CPP, but is reserved for patients with intractable epilepsy, since GnRH agonists are widely available and effective treatment. Other endocrine disturbances with HH are rare, but can include growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency. Diabetes insipidus is commonly encountered postoperatively, but is not observed with HH prior to surgical intervention.


‐Responses to climate change and large‐scale forcing can vary widely at local scales creating marine microclimates. ‐Microclimates are robust even under extreme large‐scale forcing events (ENSO, climate change) potentially creating spatial refuges or 'safe spaces' for important species. ‐Small/medium no‐take zones, artificial reefs, and other possible spatial management can be placed to harness local variability as an adaptation or conservation measure in the face of climate change.


glass plates. The benefits of Kodak equipment and new film technology were abundant. The smaller Kodaks (quicker to operate and with the fast frame advance of roll film) would have provided a greater range of photographic possibilities for the expedition's photographers: from static posed images to action and impromptu photography. In contrast, all expedition images demonstrate a high degree of control over subject matter. Expedition cameras actually created a need to pose material. Each exposure required advance planning as spontaneous photography was denied by the heavy, comparatively immobile, tripodmounted cameras. Even if greater image detail was a powerful consideration in camera choice, one still has to ask why different camera types could not have been used in a complementary capacity. The choice of expedition camera equipment needs to be firmly located in the contexts of expedition politics and encounters with native peoples. This reveals that at least four main issues of authority, professionalism, displays of power, and technological marvel/magic, may have dictated choice. First, the smaller, hand-held Kodak cameras were viewed as 'amateur' equipment, and thus the images produced lacked the authority of professional equipment. Second (and in the context of pre-expedition, inter-museum rivalry between the American Museum of Natural History and Chicago's Columbian Museum), use of amateur equipment would have exposed the Jesup North Pacific Expedition to the charge of a lack of anthropological professionalism. Third, one has to consider the process of technological display. Large, complicated cameras would impress native audiences with a greater sense of the importance of their operators than small, easy-to-use, equipment. Awesome equipment that evoked a state of wonder probably made native peoples more cooperative in the process of image-making. Finally, the effect of the camera as a form of magic ('the three-legged device that draws a man's shadow to stone') would doubtless be enhanced by large-scale equipment and the procedure for making an exposure. Unlike the simple Kodak box camera, the pre-focusing of plate cameras even required the photographer's head to disappear under a black cloth as in many a magic trick. In this context, it is also worth noting that native peoples explained expedition photographs by 'saying that a small man who imitated people's voices lived inside the box' (page 38).


Abstract The success of the MV-22 Osprey has created the opportunity for a new design of gunship, tailored to the task of escorting it, an opportunity identified by many. Existing and emerging rotorcraft technology does not appear to have the complete capability, so this centre-line tiltrotor approach is aimed specifically at the escort duty. The mission is taken to be escorting the MV-22 throughout a land assault (Marine Corps), to provide cover while the MV-22 is on the ground at the landing zone, and to still have useful capacity for diversions. To meet this task this Escort concept stays with the same core physics of tilting rotors plus fixed wings of the Osprey, but re-configured for gunship duties. The rotors are removed from the wing tips to mount them on the aircraft centre-line as inter-meshing rotors tilting back one-at-a-time, to act as pusher props in the aeroplane mode. The merits and concerns of this approach are discussed. The study first reviews present tiltrotor technology and how that may develop. It then reviews what may be achievable from the centre-line tiltrotor configuration, the targets needed in key design parameters and design sensitivities, defining what the enabling technologies must achieve for the Escort. In hover, key areas are rotor disk loading and figure of merit, and also the rotor blockage caused by the fuselage and wings. In winged flight, the proprotor propulsive efficiency and the aircraft lift-over-drag are key, and fundamental to the feasibility of any tiltrotor concept, there is the all important transition process. At this conceptual stage of the Escort, the transition process stands out as the dominant risk, and one that touches on all the others, so it was decided to build and flight test a model. The flight test programme plans are described and initial flight results reported.


2211 ISSN: 2278 – 7798 All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJSETR  Abstract— The need of choosing the proper storage environment is increasing rapidly because to backup a storage device there are several topologies present. This paper provides a brief description of storage networking and the needs of storage networking. The storage area network technology has two types: Internet Protocol SAN (IP SAN) and Fibre Channel SAN (FC SAN). The case study is on comparing the two technologies with respect to cost and performance.


Heterogeneous porous materials are widely used as fixed beds in adsorption, separation, and catalysis. An important aspect of mass transport in these materials is the hindrance to diffusion of molecules with dimensions approaching the pore size. We numerically study hindered diffusion of finite-size, passive (i.e., nonadsorbing, nonreacting) tracer particles in physically reconstructed amorphous, mesoporous silica from a hierarchical, macroporous–mesoporous silica monolith. The long-time, effective diffusion coefficient Deff is determined as a function of λ, the ratio of the tracer diameter to the average size of the mesopores. Results demonstrate a strong reduction of Deff with increasing tracer size. Comparison with theoretical models of hindered diffusion in a single uniform, cylindrical pore reveals that these models significantly overestimate Deff for λ > 0.2. Morphological analysis of the mesopore pore space accessible for finite-size tracers shows that its effective geometrical and topological prop...


Two inductorless low-power differential low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are designed for multiband wireless communication applications. Both LNAs are based on the combination of common-gate (CG) and shunt feedback topologies. In the first LNA, the cross-coupled push-pull structure with separated bias for nMOS and pMOS CG transistors is utilized to realize  $g_{m}$  enhancement, partial noise cancellation, and bandwidth extension. In the second LNA, cascode transistors are utilized on the basis of the first topology to alleviate the Miller effect and to construct current steering structures, so as to extend the bandwidth. For both LNAs, in-depth analysis is given, and methods for sizing and biasing optimization under power constraint are proposed to obtain good overall performance tradeoffs while maintaining low-power consumption. The prototypes are implemented in 65-nm low-power CMOS technology. The first LNA achieves a gain of 21.2 dB, a noise figure (NF) of 3–3.5 dB over the 3-dB bandwidth of 200 MHz to 2.7 GHz and an IIP3 of −2 dBm at 1.1 GHz. It consumes 0.96 mW from 1.2-V supply. The second LNA exhibits a gain of 21.2 dB, an NF of 2.8–4 dB over the 3-dB bandwidth of 100 MHz to 4.3 GHz. It consumes 2 mW from 1.2-V supply. Each LNA occupies an area of 0.05 mm2.


Drug abuse, namely drugs, is a threat to the sovereignty of the nation and the state of drug eradication requires the role of all parties to narrow the movement of drug dealers who are still trying to market these illegal goods in indonesia. The regulation on narcotics crime and death penalty is very important in regulating the law for perpetrators of narcotics crime for the benefit of the sovereignty of the nation and state.In Indonesia today, the imposition of criminal sanctions in the form of capital punishment by a judge for perpetrators of narcotics is one of the policies adopted in Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics and cannot be separated from the criminal law norms adopted by criminal law so far, for example in Article 10 of the Criminal Code. Another thing in other parts of the world there is a significant development of narcotics users by taking depenalization actions against users aimed at replacing prison sanctions which are sometimes applied other criminal sanctions such as Social Work sanctions. The research method used is empirical juridical meaning is to identify and conceptualize the law as a real and functional social institution in a patterned life system. Meaning is to identify and conceptualize the law as a real and functional social institution in a patterned living system.


We treated a patient suffering from a huge lipoma of the neck, which extended into the parapharyngeal space. CT scans and MRI were useful for the diagnosis and we extirpated the lipoma by incising the parotid gland. CT scans, MRI and operative findings showed that this was a case of a very rare lipoma originating in the deep lobe of the parotid gland.


In this research, we have concentrated on the survey of ability of density functional methods and also modern semi-empirical approaches to reproduce the crystal structure of a binuclear silyl nickel complex and a trinuclear palladium silyl complex. In the structural analysis of the aforesaid nickel and palladium complexes, we have also interested to investigate the possibility of Si-Si bond formation between SiH2 and μ-SiH moieties from the structural and electronic viewpoints. Comparison of our calculated structural parameters of aforementioned complexes with the available X-ray crystallographical data reveals that both functionals (B3LYP and M062X) can well reproduce X-ray structure of the complex with a near accuracy while the PM6-D2 semi-empirical calculated values are not in a reliable agreement with the crystallographical data. In the next step, we assessed the nature of interactions between palladium and nickel metal ions with silyl ligands via Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecule (QTAIM) computations. Furthermore, we have analyzed the possibility of Si-Si bond formation in the aforementioned complexes by means of topological electronic indices. Strictly speaking, QTAIM calculations have been performed to explore the electronic density, its laplacian and electronic energy density at some key bond critical points to interpret the structural features of aforesaid complexes from the electronic point of view.


The utility model discloses an electromagnetic protecting shell structure, which can be installed on a printed circuit board and comprises a frame body with front and rear end parts, two side parts connected with the front and rear parts, and at least one locating part, wherein the front and rear end parts and one side of each of the two side parts are installed on the printed circuit board and define a shielding range; the two side parts and the rear end part are respectively provided with at least one limiting part which keeps a certain height with the top surface of the printed circuit board and forms an inserting groove with the frame body; and a shielding body with at least one fixing part and an outline, wherein the outline approximately corresponds to the shape of the shielding range of the frame body, moreover, the area thereof is a little larger than the shielding range; and the shielding body is inserted into the front end of the frame body until the fixing part is fixed to the locating part so as to cover the shielding range.


Waxy maize modified starch involves the good and unique qualities with the expansion of power, high transparency, good viscosity and film. Waxy corn modified starch become excellent industrial materials because of its uniquely physical and chemical properties. This article describes the preparation of several important waxy corn modified starches as well as the applications in the food, textile, paper and so on. It also proapect of the research and development.


Geomagnetic disturbances that result from solar activities can affect technological systems such as power networks. They may cause DC currents in power networks and saturation of the core in power ...


The influence of protein contents and temperatures on rheologic curves, Non- Newtonian flow index and structural viscosity index of soybean protein/viscose blend solution were studied. The results showed that soybean protein/viscose blend solution is a typical pseudoplastic fluid. The viscosity of the blend decreases, structural viscosity index increases and spinnability deteriorates with protein contents and temperature. The phenomena that the viscosity of the blend decreases with temperature weakens over 30℃.


In lung injury and progressive lung diseases, the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) modulates inflammatory responses and wound repair. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a str...


The present paper introduces a novel method to parametrize blade profiles of last stage steam turbines with aerodynamic data. This offers the possibility to specifically influence the flow in order to reduce thermodynamic relaxation losses without changing the desired expansion and redirection of the flow from the ini-tal blade profile. The idea is that the flow channel between two adjacent blades can be regarded as a bent nozzle and the nozzle contour is calculated using aerodynamic data. This nozzle is bent over an ideal streamline, which represents the desired flow redirection, and completed with leading and trailing edges to form a blade profile. In the presented parametrization, the expansion rate is used as variable to adapt the blade profile, as it has a direct influence on condensation and thus thermodynamic relaxation losses. In addition to the distribution of the expansion rate and static pressure along the streamline, the coordinates of the streamline, the total pressure and total enthalpy at the inlet of the profile as well as the distance of the throat are necessary to describe the blade geometry. The new aerodynamic parametrization is capable of accurately representing a Laval-nozzle and a stator cascade. With adapting expansion rates, wetness losses are reduced by 3.5 % for the nozzle and by 2 % for the blade profile.


George Oster, professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, died on April 15, 2018. His death is a true loss for the biophysics, mathematical biology, and applied mathematics communities. A pioneer in these fields, George fostered our understanding of biological molecules, cells, and tissues as mechanical machines. After finishing high school on Long Island, NY, in 1957, George attended the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, NY, and spent a year at sea. In 1961, he continued his studies at Columbia's graduate school and received a PhD in nuclear engineering. At the end of his PhD, George realized that science attracted him more than engineering and he pursued another degree, in biophysics. Shortly after that, he met Aharon Katchalsky, a pioneering Israeli scientist, who saw George's talent and persuaded him to work together with him on the thermodynamics of biological networks. With Katchalsky, George did his postdoctoral work at the Weizmann Institute in Israel and also at the University of California, Berkeley. George fell in love with the vibrant political and scientific scene of the Berkeley campus in the late 1960s but also with the natural beauty of the Bay Area. He stayed at Berkeley as a faculty member for the rest of his life, changing departments as his insatiable curiosity drove him from one biological problem to another. George was very fortunate to be a part of a great generation of scientists who had the audacity and freedom to move between disciplines. Early in his career, he worked on pathbreaking mathematical models of population dynamics and developed the first detailed theories of caste evolution among social insects (with Edward Wilson) and theories of bifurcations to a hierarchy of periodic oscillations and chaos in simple ecological models (with Robert May). At some point in life, every great scientist discovers a unique point of view that reveals a hidden natural order that was previously unknown. George made his discovery in the late 1970s–early 1980s, when he realized that biological molecules, cells, and tissues can be seen as peculiar mechanochemical machines, in which mechanical forces, chemical reactions, and stochastic Brownian movements are intimately coupled. For the next 35 years of his remarkable career, George unraveled the laws of this mechanochemical coupling, which led to an understanding of the physics of the cell. With Garrett Odell, James Murray, and others, George pioneered mechanical models of morphogenesis. These models revealed how forces and deformations of the cell cytoskeleton integrate with chemical and genetic signals to shape tissues in the development of organisms. With Alan Perelson, George proposed that the swelling of the cytoskeletal gel can drive protrusions at the cell front, laying the foundation for quantitative studies of cell motility. From populations, to tissues, to individual cells—George did not stop there. Next, he looked at molecular motors–peculiar and fundamentally important proteins moving on polar cytoskeletal fibers and exerting forces on a piconewton scale. George realized that these biological machines operate in a realm that is dominated by thermal fluctuations, and that nature found a way of turning thermal noise into a unidirectional, ratcheted Brownian motion through physical–chemical reactions that generate forces and movements. This discovery led to a dramatic breakthrough in our understanding of how energy transduction occurs in all living organisms. In the 1990s, George together with Charlie Peskin and his students, postdocs, and experimental collaborators, made another breakthrough: he discovered how to go from abstract ratchet models to mechanochemical models by using structural, biochemical, and genetic analyses of molecular motors. During this decade, George established an important shift from conceptual to detailed DOI:10.1091/mbc.E18-04-0235 *Address correspondence to: Alexander Mogilner (firstname.lastname@example.com). © 2018 Mogilner. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). "ASCB®," "The American Society for Cell Biology®," and "Molecular Biology of the Cell®" are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology. Alexander Mogilner* New York University, New York, NY 10012


For a selective synthesis of s-P-butyltoluene by an alkylation reaction of toluene with 1-betene, optimal reactioni conditions and suitable catalysts have been found by the authors.In this paper, the experimental results ofthe reaction in gas phase with the alumina boria catalysts using r-alumina as a base are reported. The conclusions may be summarized as follows:1) r-aluminareacted with boric gcid to form strongly acidic centers, as well as with tyand X-alumina, developing activity of toluene alkylation. The total acid amount of the catalyst was distributed uniformly over the acid centers with acid strength Hg ranging from +7.1 to -8.2. The catalysts containing O -vlO wt% boria had much more weak acid centers and Lewis acid ones than those containing more than 15 wt% boria. At the boria contents more than 15 wt% the greater parts of the acid centers were strong acids, considered as Bronsted type, and the acid amount showeda maximum at 15 wt 9Zer boria and this maximum value increased with inCreasing calcina temperature Qf the catalyst, 2) The activity was attributed to the acid centers at strength H, ;-3.0, being directly proportional to its acid amount, When the reaction proceeded with sIight decrease in activity as a result of co:keformation, as may be seen from the above fact and the result shown in 1), the catalyst containing about 15 wt%boria showed the maximum activity that became higher as the calcination temperature increased.3) At transient-state activity(about an hour after the start of run), the toluene conversions and s-butylto1uene(SBT)yields increased as the reaction temperature increased. While at stationary-state activity(five hours after the star of run)they decreased with increasing reac on temperature because of a cataryst decay. Alsg the isomer distribution of SBT at stationary-state activity was slightly dependent on reaction, condition, s, but independent of preparing conditions of the catalyst, and the SBT contained approxi:matly 20% of o-and m-isomer and 60% of p-one.


Significance Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are psychiatric syndromes with a significant social and economic burden that share a common symptom, psychosis, attributed to excessive dopamine release. Despite years of intensive research, the causes of these devastating diseases are still unknown. In this work, a mouse line with a selective deletion of the molecular target of antipsychotics, dopamine D2 receptors, from the most affected neuron subtype in patients, parvalbumin interneurons, results in animals with schizophrenia-like phenotypes and resistance to the broadly used antipsychotic aripiprazole. Therefore, this genetic dissection provides clues about the intrinsic molecular mechanism leading to a dysregulated dopamine system and the development of psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, bringing opportunities to develop diagnostic and treatment approaches. Excessive dopamine neurotransmission underlies psychotic episodes as observed in patients with some types of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The dopaminergic hypothesis was postulated after the finding that antipsychotics were effective to halt increased dopamine tone. However, there is little evidence for dysfunction within the dopaminergic system itself. Alternatively, it has been proposed that excessive afferent activity onto ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons, particularly from the ventral hippocampus, increase dopamine neurotransmission, leading to psychosis. Here, we show that selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from parvalbumin interneurons in mouse causes an impaired inhibitory activity in the ventral hippocampus and a dysregulated dopaminergic system. Conditional mutant animals show adult onset of schizophrenia-like behaviors and molecular, cellular, and physiological endophenotypes as previously described from postmortem brain studies of patients with schizophrenia. Our findings show that dopamine D2 receptor expression on parvalbumin interneurons is required to modulate and limit pyramidal neuron activity, which may prevent the dysregulation of the dopaminergic system.


According to the average summer precipitation dates and Z exponent variable methods at 7 weather stations during 35 years, we confirm the grades of drought and flood and analyze the impacts of La Nina event to the drought and flood in summer in Mudajiang. We know that breaking out of the drought and flood is obvious, short-time, large and heavy. Its response to La Nina event is obvious too, because the stronger is the La Nina event, the earlier is the drought; the weaker is the event, the more is the flood. So we can forecast the drought and flood according to La Nina event in summer in this region.


This paper considers the periodic preventive maintenance model for a repairable system following warranty expiration. We consider three types of warranty policies: free repair warranty, pro-rata repair warranty, and combination repair warranty. Under these preventive maintenance models, we derive the expressions for the expected cycle length, the total expected cost, and the expected cost rate per unit time. In addition, we explain the optimal preventive maintenance period and the optimal preventive maintenance number by minimizing the expected cost rate per unit time. Finally, the optimal periodic preventive maintenance policy is given for a Weibull distribution case.


PURPOSE: To improve the latitude for exposure by preparing a mixture of a block copolymer, org. compd. having unsatd. bonds, photopolymn. initiator and dye, and incorporating a specified azo dye into the dye. CONSTITUTION: The mixture consists of one kind of block copolymer selected from styrene, butadiene and/or isoprene, an org. compd. having one kind of unsatd. bond as photopolymerizable olefin, at least one kind of photopolymn. initiator, and at least one kind of dye. The dye contains at least one kind of azo dye expressed by formula I to V. In formulae, R is H, OH, O-, COOH or COO-, R is H or NO2 , R is H or SO3 H, R is H, OH or O-, R is H or phenyl group, R is H or CH3 , R is H, CH3 , COOH or COOR, R is H, etc., R is H, CH3 , NO2 or SO3 H, R is H, OH, NH2 , NHR or NR2 , and R is H, 1 to 12C alkyl group or SO3 H.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)for acute lower limb deep vein thrombosis.Methods 45 patients with acute lower limb deep vein thrombosis underwent CDT with continuous infusion of urokinase through small saphenous vein/popliteal vein,all of which were implanted with inferior vena cava filter at first.The curative effect were evaluated by the venous patency scoreand the rate of patency improvement.Results The average time of thrombolysis catheter infusion was(7.6±2.1)days.There was significantly difference of the venous patency score between before and after the CDT(P0.05).The rate of patency improvement was(70.2±12.6)%.There was no complication of severe hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism.Conclusion CDT for acute lower limb deep vein thrombosis is safe and effective.


The sources and critical enrichment processes for granite related tin ores are still not well understood. The Erzgebirge represents one of the classical regions for tin mineralization. We investigated the four largest plutons from the Western Erzgebirge (Germany) for the geochemistry of bulk rocks and autocrystic zircons and relate this information to their intrusion ages. The source rocks of the Variscan granites were identified as high-grade metamorphic rocks based on the comparison of Hf-O isotope data on zircons, the abundance of xenocrystic zircon ages as well as Nd and Hf model ages. Among these rocks, restite is the most likely candidate for later Variscan melts.

In contrast to previously published suggestions (Romer and Kroner, 2015; Wolf et al., 2018), we can exclude a substantial role of intense sedimentary weathering as an important control factor for later Sn and W enrichment in granite related ores of the Western Erzgebirge due to the remarkable homogeneous Hf and low O isotopes in granitic zircons that are extremely distinct to all pre-Devonian basement rocks of Saxothuringia. We document a source enrichment from meta-sedimentary rocks (575 Ma) towards metamorphic rocks (340 Ma) were restites from granulite-facies melts are enriched 6–7 times in Sn compared to UCC (upper continental crust). These rocks are also enriched in K, but depleted in Na and Ca, contain abundant muscovite, and are fertile for later melting. Further enrichment of Sn and W occurred during multiple melt production of the older igneous granites (323–318 Ma) leading finally to a general enrichment of Sn (15 times compared to UCC) in the tin granites (315-314 Ma). Multiple melt production did not lead to a very strong enrichment of ore metals in the granites but is probably very important for a general enrichment of Sn and W in the thick granite-rich crust of the Erzgebirge. Efficient leaching by hydrothermal fluids led to a very strong enrichment (up to several orders) of Sn and W in the greisen ore bodies.

References:

Romer, R.L.; Kroner, U. Sediment and weathering control on the distribution of Paleozoic magmatic tin-tungsten mineralization. Mineral. Depos. 2015, 50, 327–338, doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0540-5.

Wolf, M.; Romer, R.L.; Franz, L.; Lopez-Moro, F.J. Tin in granitic melts: The role of melting temperature and protolith composition. Lithos 2018, 310–311, 20–30.


The application of radioacti ve materials in medical diagnosis and therapy is extremely important and continuously growing. By using radioactive tracer elements, physicians can learn of the presence of disease. Radiation therapy is useful in controlling the spread of many types of can cer. Both types of activities result in the production of low -level radioactive waste. A very wide spectrum of radion uclides is available for hospital usage such as Tritinm -3, Carbon-14, Cobalt-57, and other sources, which are generally classified as low level short lived radioactive waste. The experience of more than a decade of handling radioactive materials has established a solid ground for the future management of radioactive waste in general and medical radioactive waste in particular. The current status and future plan for the medical radioactive waste generated and their impact on the environment in Saudi Arabia is described, as well as the impact of medical radioactive waste on the broader aspects of radioactive waste management. INTORDUCTION Radioactive waste management in Saudi Arabia gains a lot of momentum during the last decay, due to the large usage of radioactive materials in different applications. Fortunately, Saudi Arabia has no high level waste application, so most of the radioactive wastes that are produced is in categories of low level wastes and small quantity considered as an intermediate level. All low-level radioactive waste, regardless of its source, must be carefully managed to minimize risk to people and the environment. The low level radioactive waste s are generated from mainly medical facilities, such a hospitals, which have grown to depend on the use of radioactive materials for diagnosing and treating patients. By using radioactive tracer elements, physicians can learn of the presence of disease. Radiation therapy is useful in controlling the spread of many types of cancer. Both types of activities result in the production of low -level radioactive waste. This can include contaminated syringes, linens, paper products, and waste liquids, as well as protective clothing worm by both hospital personnel and patients. The second source of low - level radioactive waste is Industrial process. Radioactive materials are used extensively to measure the thickness of materials. And the last sour ce is the research institutions through experimental activities.


relationship between transport decisions and the Coast's settlement patterns, Chapter four outlines the missed opportunities and car-centric thinking that have resulted in extreme car dependency (88% of all trips) on the coast. As the authors point out, this is a startling figure for a city so orientated towards tourism and an outdoor lifestyle (p. 45). This is not a theoretical account of the city and besides sporadic references to urbanisation, risk and the city, path dependent development and innovation in development, the text makes very few attempts to theorise urban development beyond the case study. While this might frustrate academic readers, I see one potential advantage. By taking the coast for what it is and not cloaking it a priori theorisations of urban development, the author's avoid Massey's critique of much city scholarship: that repetitive and insistent mantra that reads globalization and neoliberalism as discourses of enclosure and inevitability (2005, p. 161). As a result, even as the Coast prepares to host the Commonwealth Games in 2018 (another sign of its emerging status as a world city) this text tells stories of change, openness and opportunities (taken and lost), in other words, it portrays the Coast as a city in the making. This is thinking with the city. The book's main contribution is arguably to the residents of city of Gold Coast itself, who stand to benefit most from decision-makers taking seriously future development on the Coast. Through its unwavering gaze, it lays bare the city with all its oddities and failures and there are many: the unfailing courting of the tourist dollar, the serious lack of planning interventions in the early development of the city and ad hoc nature of development, on-going reinvention of the city's identity, the failure throughout the city's history to pay attention to and prioritize the needs of the city's residents over tourists, the parochial and development-focused view of the men (they were all men) who have been in positions of power. Yet I came away from this book with affection for the Coast. For all its failings, it is a fascinating city. Disclosure: I grew up on the Coast so my reading of this text was personal as much as it was academic. I am also a graduate of Griffith University's School of Environment where many of the book's authors are employed and I was taught by several of the authors during my undergraduate studies.


In the paper, the concept of Walrasian sequential equilibrium is developed to formalize the notions of fundamental social and endogenous uncertainties and decentralized social learning. It predicts that social sequential experiments with efficient as well as inefficient network patterns of division of labour can gradually acquire organization information for society as a whole. The experiment process is decentralized and based on individuals' bounded rationality. In this process, each individual never knows the others' characteristics, although all players collectively learn abstract organization information conveyed by price signals gradually. This paper proves an existence theorem of equilibrium for a general class of well-closed Walrasian sequential equilibrium models and avoids the recursive paradox in the presence of individual bounded rationality.


To solve the problems on 3D visualization of satellite data, such as the inaccuracy of cloud mask, ignorance of visual affect of gray, transparency and orientation, this paper brings forward a series of methods. Through radiation background to detect cloud mask and cloud top inversion etc, can obtain high precision application data, moreover, advances the revised model on aspects of gray, transparency and orientation. modeling by the methods advanced above, 3D satellite data could gain a better effect.


An allpass lattice of degree N is designed by synthesis. Importing shunt capacitance into the lattice from the ambient circuitry makes one lattice branch crystal realizable. Importing series capacitance enables network transformations that make the other branch crystal realizable. Then ZA comprises N crystals in series, and ZB consists of a capacitor in series with N paralleled crystals. Finally, the external circuit must absorb some negative shunt capacitance. The technique is illustrated with a numerical example.


ABSTRACT Introduction : The present study was carried out to explore the effectiveness of light therapy to reduce depression among hospitalized Depressive patient. Methods : Single subject (N=1) experimental design was utilized. Beck's Depression Rating Scale was administered to ascertain the level of depression. Light therapy was administered for a period of 7 consecutive days. The level of depression was assessed before and after the administration of light therapy. Results : The data was analyzed with the appropriate statistical technique. The result revealed that there was significant decrease in the level of depression after light therapy. Conclusions : This finding indicates that the light therapy has influenced in reducing the level of depression. Hence, light therapy can be adopted as effective mechanism to treat depression.


Motivated by the vast applications of knowledge graph and the increasing demand in education domain, we propose a system, called KnowEdu, to automatically construct knowledge graph for education. By leveraging on heterogeneous data (e.g., pedagogical data and learning assessment data) from the education domain, this system first extracts the concepts of subjects or courses and then identifies the educational relations between the concepts. More specifically, it adopts the neural sequence labeling algorithm on pedagogical data to extract instructional concepts and employs probabilistic association rule mining on learning assessment data to identify the relations with educational significance. We detail all the abovementioned efforts through an exemplary case of constructing a demonstrative knowledge graph for mathematics, where the instructional concepts and their prerequisite relations are derived from curriculum standards and concept-based performance data of students. Evaluation results show that the F1 score for concept extraction exceeds 0.70, and for relation identification, the area under the curve and mean average precision achieve 0.95 and 0.87, respectively.


In responding to the corona virus outbreak, each region has a different way. Aceh, which is identical to Islamic law, also has a different way of dealing with the Corona Virus Outbreak. One of the ways that the Acehnese people do is to revive the Tulak Bala tradition. This study aims to examine how an outbreak is in the historical perspective of the Acehnese people and how the Tulak Bala Tradition is carried out by the people of Aceh in dealing with the Corona Virus. This type of research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, documentation and interviews and data presentation was carried out descriptively. The results showed that an epidemic was not something new for the people of Aceh. The epidemic has occurred since the 2nd Dutch aggression with the spread of a cholera epidemic that killed many people. The Tulak Bala tradition carried out by the people of Aceh is a tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation to its predecessors. This tradition does not believe that it can prevent and eliminate all forms of plague and calamity. The people of Aceh believe that the plague is an offering of Allah SWT so that to be able to deal with it, they must ask for help from the Creator.Keywords: Aceh Community, Tradition, Tulak Bala, and Corona Virus.


Network on Chip (NoC) is a research field path that primarily addresses the global communication in System on Chip (SoC).The selected topology of the components interconnects plays a prime role in the performance of NoC architecture, for NoC conception, high-level synthesis approaches are utilized thus the behaviorally description of the system is refined into an accurate register-transfer-level (RTL) design for SoC implementation. In the recent MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-time and Embedded Systems) Profile, a notion of multidimensional multiplicity has been proposed to model repetitive structures and topology. This paper presents a contribution for a new methodology for modeling NoC based Model Driven Architecture and the Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and embedded System (MARTE), it aims to prove the effectiveness of standard MARTE in modeling irregular or globally irregular locally regular architectures. We will start this work by high level abstraction to reach low level through generated VHDL code.


Abstract The non-centrosymmetric scandium borate ScB6O9(OH)3 was obtained through a high-pressure/high-temperature experiment at 6 GPa and 1473 K. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the structure is isotypic to InB6O9(OH)3 containing borate triple layers separated by scandium layers. The compound crystallizes in the space group Fdd2 with the lattice parameters a = 38.935(4), b = 4.4136(4), and c = 7.6342(6) Å. Powder X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy were used to further characterize the compound and verify the proposed structure solution.


The reason for collective agreement to use coal was economic: for the poor, coal guaranteed not only warmth inside their dwellings but also food, which arguably was even more important; for the rich, coal was a valuable resource that augmented their wealth. Therefore, any cases of social or political instability (including wars) and the scarcity of coal that resulted from them put this sort of stability in danger. Coal played a crucial socio-economic role, for '[t]hroughout both rural and urban England, then, fuel provision for the poor was an important aspect of the mutualities and obligations binding the rich and poor together' (p. 109) – the example of bilateral co-dependence that literally united the neighbours throughout London. Coal began to play a crucial role in London's economic life after the Great Fire in 1666, turning into the most 'convenient and logical source of funds to rebuild the City' (p. 136). The Smoke of London not only gives an excellent and well-researched survey of the history of London's dependence on coal, its economic and social factors, but it also demonstrates how coal influenced the culture of that time, providing a detailed analysis of selected literary works that reflected the presence of coal in London life. Cavert scrutinises inter al John Evelyn's Fumifugium, Peter Anthony Motteux's Love's a Jest, George Chapman, Ben Jonson, and John Marston's Eastward Ho, Henry Glapthorne's The Lady Mother, Thomas Shadwell's Epsom Wells, Mary Pix's The Innocent Mistress, and John Vanbrugh's The Provok'd Wife. Cavert makes clear the cultural significance of coal through this literary recognition that it was a strong pollutant but also a 'natural' environment for Londoners. This book is an invaluable contribution to the fields of environmental history, British studies, and cultural studies, and will be of interest to both academic and general audiences. The book is a thoroughly researched history of the role that coal played in England, and specifically in London, prior to the Industrial Revolution – the important period that gave birth to eco-awareness. The Smoke of London reveals the multifaceted nature of coal in the years 1600–1800 through the analysis of economic, political, social, and cultural roles that the fossil played in London. Cavert stresses the danger and horror of environmental pollution, zeroing in on a limited geographic space, where people were literally trapped in what they believed brought them wealth, success, and stability, thus living their lives in the smoke of London. London's air pollution today has much the same inevitability; and London, New Delhi and Beijing have a very long way to go before they act with the benefit of science to improve socio-economic conditions for their residents.


In reply to Dean Blackburn's 'In the Shadows', it is argued that the situated nature of the conservative ideology entails that its adherents cannot have a substantive set of shared values, but that their values will typically be a cultural inheritance. The epistemological element of conservatism may not be the most electorally salient in any concrete context, but has strategic value as the common element of conservatism most likely to support a public reason defence.


Nanostructured silicon carbide (SiC) is considered today as a good alternative to the conventional materials for various multidisciplinary applications. In this thesis, SiC nanostructures were elaborated by means of electrochemical etching and laser ablation techniques. The first part of the thesis clarifies size-dependence of optical properties as well as importance of local-field effects onto the photoinduced electronic transitions of SiC nanostructures. In the second part of the thesis strong 15-fold photoluminescence enhancement of SiC nanoparticles is ensured by their near-field interactions with multipolar localized plasmons. Further, 287-fold and 72-fold plasmon-induced enhancement factors of two-photon excited luminescence and second harmonic generation is achieved, respectively. The main physical mechanisms responsible for the observed effects were described by three-dimensional finite-difference time domain simulations. Finally, the coupling effect of luminescent SiC nanoparticles to plasmonic nanostructures is used in the enhanced labelling of biological cells on the planar structures. As a perspective, colloidal plasmonic (Au@SiO2)SiC nanohybrids were elaborated and characterized.


Objective:To analyze the clinical effects of one-stage posterior debridement,bone graft and instrumentation for elderly people with tuberculosis of thoracic vertebra,in order to provide basis for clinical treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 102 elderly people in our hospital from Jan.2009 to Dec.2010.All patients were divided into 2 groups.One-stage posterior debridement,bone graft and instrumentation were carried in the study group and anterior focus clearance,bone graft plus posterior instrumentation were carried in the control group.Compared the clinical effects of the 2 groups.Results:The cure rate of elderly people with tuberculosis of thoracic vertebra was 94.74%.The time of operation(t=5.003,P0.05),the mean bleeding(t=3.908,P0.05)and the median length of hospital stay(t=4.331,P0.05) were statistical different significantly.There was no statistical difference significantly for Cobb's in two groups before operation(t=1.235,P0.05).There was statistical difference significantly for Cobb's in two groups after operation(t=1.993,P0.05).There were statistical difference significantly for Cobb's in two groups after follow-up(t=3.001,P0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effects of one-stage posterior debridement,bone graft and instrumentation for elderly people with tuberculosis of thoracic vertebra is perfect.It is simple,reliable,causes little trauma and audition increased.It can raise patient life quality.


Analytical study of wave growth on hollow conical liquid sheets was made.By using small wave amplitude model,the linearized perturbation equations of the liquid phase and the gas phase were solved.After some rather tedious algebraic manipulations,the characteristic equations relating the non-dimensional temporal growth rate of a disturbance on conical liquid sheets to the normalized wave numbers were obtained.The numbers are the generalization for the well-known cases of round cylindrical jets and the annular liquid sheets.The characteristic equations are the solid cornerstone of theoretical analysis of conical liquid sheets' atomization.


A neonate delivered to a nondiabetic mother at 30 weeks' gestation experienced symptoms of severe hypoglycemia within hours of birth. The neonate required a continuous high-glucose infusion rate to maintain euglycemia. Based on the finding of an inappropriately elevated plasma insulin level concurrent with low glucose levels, the diagnosis of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) was rendered. Medical treatment was ineffective in preventing hypoglycemia, necessitating surgical intervention. A 90% pancreatectomy was performed when the neonate was 16 days old. After surgery, the neonate recovered fully but later had insulin-dependent diabetes develop. Results of genetic studies were unremarkable. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examinations of the pancreas demonstrated findings consistent with the diagnosis of the diffuse type of nesidioblastosis. The literature on nesidioblastosis is reviewed, and current theories regarding its origin, significance, and relationship to PHHI are discussed.


There is general dispute today about the problem of the teacher who is on the job do family teacher as his or her second job with payment. This article discusses the reason how to form it and analyses the harmfulness of it. To give us some counter measures against the problem, provide a visual angle of thinking to draft public policy.


For estimating the fault signals of the variable speed wind turbine system with unknown nonlinear term,a robust fault observer is presented.The proposed fault observer uses Least Squares Support Vector Machine(LS_SVM) to obtain the recognition model of unknown nonlinear term.Then,the recognition model,which can reduce the diagnosis precision influence of unknown nonlinear part,is added to the proportional multiple-integral fault observer as the compensation model.The convergence of the proportional multiple-integral observer based LS_SVM compensation model is proved by Lyapunov function.Simulation results demonstrate the fast convergence and diagnosis precision of the proposed fault observer.


Sandia National Laboratories has developed a model characterizing the nonlinear encoding operator of the world's first hyperspectral x-ray computed tomography (H-CT) system as a sequence of discrete-to-discrete, linear image system matrices across unique and narrow energy windows. In fields such as national security, industry, and medicine, H-CT has various applications in the non-destructive analysis of objects such as material identification, anomaly detection, and quality assurance. However, many approaches to computed tomography (CT) make gross assumptions about the image formation process to apply post-processing and reconstruction techniques that lead to inferior data, resulting in faulty measurements, assessments, and quantifications. To abate this challenge, Sandia National Laboratories has modeled the H-CT system through a set of point response functions, which can be used for calibration and anaylsis of the real-world system. This work presents the numerical method used to produce the model through the collection of data needed to describe the system; the parameterization used to compress the model; and the decompression of the model for computation. By using this linear model, large amounts of accurate synthetic H-CT data can be efficiently produced, greatly reducing the costs associated with physical H-CT scans. Furthermore, successfully approximating the encoding operator for the H-CT system enables quick assessment of H-CT behavior for various applications in high-performance reconstruction, sensitivity analysis, and machine learning.


The structure and design of a generic, device-independent, set of software data acquisition and control routines for long-term rock mechanics monitoring are described. The routines are designed for an Intel 8086/8088-microprocessor-based microcomputer running under the MS-DOS R (Microsoft Disk Operating System). It is assumed that the rock will undergo long-term, slow deformation rather than rapid elastic rupture, and the routines are designed primarily for low strain rate and creep/consolidation testing. The main features of the package include instrumental drift compensation, inputs from multiple interfaces, on-line configuration changes, complex control functions based on multiple sensor values, automatic elimination of erratic sensors, background acquisition and control, and on-line real-time graphics.


From the Publisher:
Designed for a first course in programming,this text gives thorough,comprehensive coverage of QBASIC programming concepts with a problem-solving approach. Includes a large selection of sample programs and problems with a wide range of type and level; enables instructors to tailor assignments. Teaches good programming practices,provides a structured,7-step procedure,and gives students a framework for problem-solving.


Interest in the properties of ferromagnetic alloys of the type IIIi.1-XMnXV is primarily fueled by the promise which they hold of spin-electronic ("spintronic") applications. Although this promise is presently tempered by the fact that the Curie temperatures of III1-xMnxV alloys are still below 200K, progress in understanding the fundamental physics of these materials has been made on many fronts, which can in turn lead to breakthroughs toward high-temperature ferromagnetism in IIIi1-xMnxV alloys. In this paper we review the issues which determine the incorporation of Mn into the III-V lattice and of achieving high doping levels of the resulting material, both of which limit the Curie temperature. We then discuss mechanisms for controlling and manipulating the magnetic anisotropy of these materials, an issue that is of particular importance for the design of spin-injection-based devices; and we use our recent results on Ga1-xMnxAs films grown on vicinal (tilted) GaAs substrates as an illustration of the wide range of spin-based device opportunities that can be based on III1-xMnxV alloys as further progress is made in understanding and optimizing their properties.


A formulation is developed for determining the voltage and current induced on an impedance-terminated wire behind an aperture in a shield. Loading effects on the aperture are included by using receiving antenna theory. Upper bounds for the current and voltage are obtained and numerical results are presented for a thin slot antenna.


This book was written by Samuel Kirkland Lothrop and published by Wm. Crosby and H. P. Nichols, Boston, in 1851. It contains six sermons preached during the year 1850 which describe the history of the Brattle Street church.


Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by impaired alveolarization and regeneration. Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), a transcription factor regulating cell homeostasis and pluripotency, is highly expressed in human and mice during lung development and linked to lung growth arrest. Aim: To study (1) if hyperoxia-induced lung injury reduces Klf4 in ATII cells in mice; (2) if ATII-specific loss of Klf4 depletes number of ATII cells; (3) the function of Klf4 in ATII cells in vitro. Methods: (1) Newborn mice were exposed to 85% O2 (HYX) or room air (NOX). (2) Cell-specific deletion of Klf4 was induced in mice during late lung development. (3) Overexpression (Klf4OE) and ablation of Klf4 (Klf4del; CRISPR/Cas9) in murine lung epithelial cells (MLE-12). Results: (1) Dual immunofluorescent staining determined Klf4 in ATII cells during late murine lung development and in epithelial cells in the human fetal lung. Reduced ATII markers after HYX were linked to reduced Klf4 expression and lung growth. (2) ATII-specific Klf4 ablation during late lung development reduced ATII cells in mice. (3) In MLE-12, HYX decreased Klf4 expression and cell survival. Klf4OE and Klf4del in MLE-12 induced apoptosis and decreased epithelial cell markers. Klf4OE aggravated HYX-related decreased proliferation, activated Smad2 and blocked Stat3 signaling. Inhibition of Smad2, using an inhibitor, activated Stat3. Klf4del activated Stat3 and inhibited Smad2. Conclusion: We identified a novel Klf4-Smad2-Stat3 axis cell homeostasis that HYX disrupts in ATII cells and in lungs of newborn mice, suggesting Klf4 as potential target regulating lung regeneration.


Abstract : An axisymmetric jet flow facility with a laser fluorescence flow visualization system has been developed. Advanced techniques in nonlinear optics and spectroscopy are being used to track oxygen molecules for velocity measurements. Similar techniques are being used to determine the distribution of energy states of oxygen molecules for temperature measurements. Density can also be measured by observing the direct light scattering from both oxygen and nitrogen. The great advantage of these techniques is they are non-obtrusive, instantaneous, two-dimensional and require no seeding of the flow with foreign material. Keywords: Flow visualization, Laser fluorescence.


Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Community-based Research Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons


In view of the existing question that in the human face tracking, face target is similar to the background color, and light changes impact on the robustness of tracking algorithm, in this paper we put forward a SOAMST face tracking algorithm based on the combined feature of color space and texture, which chooses the second-order spatial histogram instead of SOAMST color histogram to build target model. The second-order histogram is combined with color's information and color spatial distribution's information, compared to the traditional color histogram with more target identification ability. In addition to the fusion of MBLBP characteristics, it can build effective joint histogram to establish target model. Experimental results in different scenarios show that compared with the original algorithm, the improved algorithm has better anti-interference performance, better tracking effect, and a higher accuracy and robustness under the complex environment which face color is similar to the background, light changes, and the size of the changes.


Lesion-deficit association studies are important as they can reveal brain regions essential for specific functions, but sometimes appear to yield conflicting results. We aimed to show how pitfalls of lesions studies can be avoided, and converging results obtained, illustrating from studies of the role of posterior superior temporal gyrus in auditory word comprehension. We review published lesion studies on auditory comprehension and present new data from both acute and chronic stroke that address weaknesses in some previous studies. Results demonstrate how convergence of positive results from diverse lesion studies provides strong evidence for the role of a particular region in a given behavior. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper discusses the application of non-radioactive gas tracer in the two off-shore fields Gullfaks and Sleipner at the Norwegian shelf of the North Sea. The tracers applied are perfluorodimethy lcyclobutane (PDMCF3), perflrroromethylcyc[opcntane (PM{' P), perfluoromethylcyc lohexane (PMC'H), 1,3-pcrfluorodimethylcycloitexarrc (1,3PDMCH) and sulphur hexafluonde (SFC). The Gullfaks ticld consists of a complex reservoir with oil production from different formations. The field is laterally divided into nearly 40 fault blocks with varying degrees of communication. The main production strategy is pressure maintenance above bubble point by water injection. A WAG pilot was started in spring 1991. To improve evaluation of the pilot it was decided to inject tracers in the gas phase early in the first two gas injection periods Production from the Slcipner fscld was started in August 1993. Reinjcction of gas started in April 1994 and the first tmcer, PDMIIt, was injected in June 1994. The purpose of this iojcction wds to investigate the travel time of reinjccted gas and to monitor the reservoir performance. Samples of oil and gas were collected from the separator and analysu.i by gas chromatography (GC) coonectcd to an clcctroo captorc detector (ECD), Sampling continued throughout the pilot period to establish the trwcr product[oo protilc. The tracer compounds have a somewhat higher partitioning to the oil phase than methane, causing a minor retention of the tracer with respect to the average methane gas velocity in the reservoir, The tracer results have given valuable contributions to the interpretation of the W A(i pilot mechanism and communication in the fields. Int reduction Tracer technology has for many years been applied as a tooi to itnprove reservoir description. According to literature the most widely applied gas tracers have been tritiated methane and *$Kr (1). However, since 1991 per-fluorocarbon (PFC) Society of Petroleum Engineers tracer technology has been growing and is today appiied in several of the most important fields in the North Sea. In addition to the PFC, sulphur hexafluoride has aiso shown excellent fleid tracer properties, A gas tracer program was started in the Guilfaks field in 1991. Since then five PFC tracers and SF. have been injected in different welis. Preliminary results from these tracer studies were pubiished by Ljosland et. ai (2) in 1993. [n two of the weiis, where WAG programs were performed, different tracers were applied in two subsequent gas injection periods to monitor the differences in gas movement after water had been injected. The tracer program at Sicipncr was started in 1994. The tracers applied in this field are perfluoro dimcthylcyclobutane (PDMCB), pcrfluoromcthylcy ciopcntane (PMCP), perfluoromcthyicy ciohexanc (PMCH), and sulphur hexafluoridc (SFC). The PFC tracers are aii liquids at standard (ambient) conditions (see Table I). The tracers were injected by highprcssurc pumps directly into the main injection gas iine at a rate of approximately 300 ml/min. The amount of PFC tracers injected in each wcil were in the range of 10 kg to 100 kg, corresponding to 6-60 i.. Gas samples from production were coilected in pressure cylinders and sent to the Tracer laboratories, Institute for Energy Technology (lFE), for anaiysis. The samples were primarily taken from the test separator at a pressure of Wwroximateiy 70 bar. Due to limited capacity on the test separators. some samples were coilccted directly from the main separator or from the production flowiine. Tracer Evacuation Pcrfluorocarbons (PFC) are hydrocarbons in which ail hydrogen atoms arc substituted with fluorine atoms. The general fbnnula of the molcculcs is C. F,. The PFC tracer rcchnoiogy is now weil established as a tool in atmospheric transport studies (3), in house ventilation examinations (4) and even in groundwater (5) and marine (6) tracing and water mixing processes (7). For usc in water, an emulsion technique is needed due to very low direct volubility. The success of the PFC compounds is mainiy due to chemical inertness, high thermal stability and high detectability by gas chromatography with an eiectron capture detector (GC/ECD). Molecules with a cyclic structure and with onc or more aiiphatic branches attached, such as PDMCB, PMCP, PMCH and 1.3-PDMC'H (Fig.1), are those which are most sensitive to electron capture (EC)


Abstract This study investigated the effect of extrusion on digestibility of different blends containing Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae or prepupae. Five blends of HI larvae or prepupae and wheat flour, in a ratio of 25:75, with or without sunflower oil addition, have been formulated as follows: prepupae + wheat (no oil); prepupae + wheat (low oil); prepupae + wheat (medium oil); prepupae + wheat (high oil); larvae + wheat (no oil). Ether extract (EE) content in different blend was 31.5, 38.9, 46.3, 53.7 and 46.27 g kg−1 on wet basis (wb), respectively. Blends were homogeneous for moisture (238.9 g kg−1) and crude protein (112.6 g kg−1 wb). Feed blends were extruded by a co-rotating, conical twin-screw mini extruder and net torque value (NTV) was recorded as indicator of extrudability. The best performing blend was furtherly tested at four barrel temperatures (60, 70, 80 and 90 °C). In vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in vitro crude protein digestibility (CPD) were measured to evaluate the effect of extrusion process on nutritional value. Increasing the blend EE content up to 53.74 g kg−1 wb, NTV was reduced by four times (<100 Ncm) compared to 31.5 and 38.9 g kg−1 wb EE blends. The best performing mixture was larvae + wheat (no oil). Extrusion process increased OMD but not CPD compared to unextruded control, while different extrusion temperature did not affect OMD nor CPD. Concluding, extrusion can contribute to increase OMD in insect containing feed blends. EE content in the blends is a key variable that should be defined in the process.


Objective:In order to determine the relationship between nitric oxide(NO)in the mucosa of distal esophagus and esophageal varices.Methods:No was measured in 20 portal hypertensive patients with esophageal varices by the method of spectrophotometry.Results:NO and the active of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)was significantly higher in portal hypertensive patients than in the control(P0.001).The amount of NO was negatively relative to the albumin or the ratio of albumin and globin respectively.Conclusion:The high level of NO in the mucosa of distal esophagus in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension may be a possible mechanism of the formation of esophageal varices.


Biologics such as infliximab is the main treatment for steroid refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC), However, there are only a few studies on the effectiveness and safety of biologics in steroid refractory ASUC. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of biologics as a rescue therapy for biologics naïve steroid refractory ASUC patient in Korea.

 We retrospectively included patients who were hospitalized at seven tertiary medical centers for ASUC management between January 2015 to December 2020, and data on the demographic and clinical variables, disease activity, treatment method, treatment response, adverse event, readmission due to any reasons were checked

 A total of 230 ASUC patients were included, of which 220 were biologic naïve patient. The response rate of steroid in these patients was 74%, and infliximab was administered as rescue therapy to 53 patients who failed initial steroid treatment. The response rate to infliximab as rescue therapy was 96%, and 2 patients who did not respond received colectomy. One of the two patients who underwent colectomy died of sepsis. There was no infliximab-related adverse event during hospitalization. Although infliximab itself was not a factor associated with infection after discharge (10% vs. 16%, p=0.355), combination therapy with thiopurine was a risk factor for infection after discharge. (Odd ratio 7.302, 95% CI 2.101-25.372, p=0.002). A total of 12 infections occurred in patients treated with infliximab after discharge (3 pneumonia, 1 skin infection, 3 cytomegalovirus colitis, 4 Clostridium difficile infection) and were associated with readmission. (40.1% vs. 75%, p=0.031)

 As a rescue therapy in biologics naive steroid refractory ASUC, infliximab showed a 96% therapeutic response. Although infliximab itself did not increase the risk of infection after discharge, the combination with thiopurine increased the risk of infection after discharge


SiH n on Si (100) surfaces during synchrotron radiation (SR) stimulated gas source molecular beam epitaxy (SR-GSMBE) using Si2H6 gas (1.0×10-3 Torr) are investigated in situ by means of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy using CoSi2 buried metal layer substrates (BML-IRAS) in the low substrate temperature region (400° C-140° C). It has been found that SiH2 and SiH3 on the surface are easily decomposed by SR to SiH and the decomposition rate of SiH is extremely slow. The decomposition reaction cross sections for SiH2 and SiH3 for the total irradiating photon flux have been evaluated to be 5.7×10-20 cm2 and 1.7×10-19 cm2, respectively. Experimental results are discussed, considering the model of the localized multihole excitation and its quenching.


The effects of several modified atmospheres (100% O2, 100% N2, 100% CO2+ O2 scavenger, and 25% CO2 9% N2 66% O2) and vacuum on the color stability of turkey were studied. Microbiological examinations were performed at days 0, 7, 14 and 21. pH and pigment content measurements were performed at days l and 2, respectively. Color coordinates were determined at intervals of 2, 5, 7, 11, 14 and 21 days storage in the CIELAB system (1976). Meat kept under vacuum and 100% CO2+ O2 scavenger treatment showed the highest a* values color stability (p < 0.05) and the lowest rate of myoglobin oxidation (p < 0.05). The level of microbiological contamination of turkey breast meat stored with 100% CO2+ O2 scavenger was the lowest. Conditioning breast turkey meat with 100% CO2+ O2 scavenger or under vacuum would improve the color stability during storage.


Recently massless test scalar field perturbations of the holonomy corrected black holes [Z. Moreira et. al. Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 10, 104016] were studied in order to estimate quantum corrections to the quasinormal spectrum of a black hole. Here we study both the fundamental mode and overtones of scalar, electromagnetic and Dirac fields with the help of the Leaver method and higher order WKB formula with Pad\'e approximants. We observe that the overtones depend on the geometry near the event horizon, while the fundamental mode is localized near the peak of the potential barrier, what agrees with previous studies. We showed that unlike a massless field, the massive one possesses arbitrarily long lived modes. We also obtain the analytical eikonal formula for quasinormal modes and its extension beyond eikonal approximation as a series in powers of $1/\ell$, where $\ell$ is the multipole number.


We contribute to the school start time literature by using statewide student-level data from North Carolina to estimate start time effects for all students and for traditionally disadvantaged students. Descriptively, we found that urban high schools were likely to start very early or late. Later start times were associated with positive student engagement outcomes (reduced suspensions, higher course grades), especially for disadvantaged students. Achievement results were mixed, with positive and negative associations between start times and high school students' test scores. Continued research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of later start times as a scalable and cost-effective approach for boosting engagement and achievement.


(Received: 21 February 1995, revised version: 21 April 1995) Abstract. We obtain a bijection between certain lattice paths and partitions. This implies a proof of polynomial identities conjectured by Melzer. In a limit, these identities reduce to Rogers-Ramanujantype identities for the X~,Pl 'p+ ~) (q) Virasoro characters, conjectured by the Stony Brook group. Mathematics Subject Classifications (1991). 05A19, 05A30, 11B65.


This study presents a biobjective hub-and-spoke (HS) network design model for the global air passenger networks. The model explores the tradeoff between the total airline cost (airline preference) and lost time cost for passengers (user preference) as the model's objectives. Most previous studies have focused on airline objectives and established HS networks based on the viewpoint of airlines, despite the importance of passenger objectives. Poor passenger service and inconvenience and dissatisfaction may lead to network breakdown. The major criteria for passenger dissatisfaction in HS networks are schedule and trip delays caused by nondirect flights. These delays (the lost time cost for passengers) are multiplied by the passengers' value of time (VOT) and minimized as one of the model's objectives. Another objective that is minimized is the transportation costs of the airline depending on the services provided (short-, medium-, and large-haul flights). The model is solved in a case study (Iranian Aeronautics Network) that is applied to the well-known yearbook of tourism statistics data. Pareto frontier was found for all candidate airports. Also, the number of aircraft required (short-, medium-, and large-haul), as well as the average load factor for different types of aircraft in various weights of the first objective (airline costs), was presented. The results of Pareto frontier indicated that Imam Khomeini International Airport should be selected as the global hub airport for Iran international flight network. Otherwise, Shiraz International Airport and Tabriz International Airport (as the first alternative), as well as Isfahan International Airport and Mashhad International Airport (as the second alternative), would be the best choices. The weight of the first objective (airline costs) seems to be between 0.7 to 1, a practical and logical weight that can reduce passenger costs (as the second objective) by 20% on average by adding only 15 long-haul, 40 medium-haul, and 37 short-haul aircraft to the airline's fleet. Also, in this range, the average load factor for medium- and long-haul aircrafts is greater than 0.9, which seems to be ideal.


The crystal structure of the photodimer of 2-benzyl-5-benzylidenecyclopentanone was determined using a recrystallized crystal. It was identical to that of an as-photoirradiated dimer crystal obtained by a single-crystal-to-single-crystal photoreaction of the monomer. This suggests that the starting material already possesses the most favored crystal phase for the products.


AbstractTHIS addition to the "Geologie der Erde" series, published under the general editorship of Prof. E. Krenkel, is planned to comprise two volumes each of two parts, and, in its completed form, will fill a long-felt want in geological literature.Geologie von Asien
 Von Prof. Dr. Kurt Leuchs. Band 1, Teil 1: Uberblick uber Asien, Nordasien. (Geologie der Erde, herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Erich Krenkel.) Pp. viii + 236. (Berlin: Gebruder Borntraeger, 1935.) 18.40 gold marks.