Like most philosophers, Heidegger gave little attention to childhood, but his philosophical emphasis on pre-reflective practice and understanding seems uniquely qualified to help make sense of a child's experience and development. Moreover, it seems to me that many central Heideggerian concepts are best defended, exemplified, and articulated by bringing child development into the discussion. A Heideggerain emphasis on pre-theoretical world-involvement opens up a rich array of phenomena for studying child development, which can improve upon standard theories that have over-emphasized exclusive conditions or criteria. I begin by laying out some basic features of Heidegger's conception of beingin-the-world as a preparation for understanding the world of the child. Then I will briefly discuss some of Heidegger's remarks on childhood, followed by some reflections on language acquisition and the correlation of anxiety and meaning. WE ARE ALL BIG BABIES —thrown by our birth and beginnings and thrown out with the bath water by philosophy. Childhood and child-rearing have not been given sufficient consideration in philosophy, most likely because philosophy engages in complex conceptual reflections and articulations that are not indicated in a child's abilities and experiences. Childhood has either been ignored or retrospectively described as a primitive precursor to, or deficiency of, mature rational competence. Descartes, for example, took childhood to be ruled by the body's appetites and sense perceptions. Accordingly, childhood helps explain the difficulty of arriving at mature spheres of rational knowledge. Even adult beliefs are not as "solid as they should have been had we had complete use of our reason since our birth, and had we been guided by its means alone." The predominance of reflective paradigms has produced much distortion of the child's world and its relation to adult experience. Even when we grant the importance of advanced rational capacities, the fact that such capacities have a history in an individual's life, that they emerged out of, and often in tension with, other quite different modes of being, suggests that child development should be of pressing interest to philosophy. I am convinced that most philosophical questions would be well served by a consideration of child development, as a necessary condition for understanding how human realities are historical phenomena in a special sense: namely, the intersection The Philosophical Works of Descartes I, trans. Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross (Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1969), p. 88. For a collection that gathers traditional and more current selections by philosophers on childhood, see The Philosopher's Child: Critical Essays in the Western Tradition, ed. Susan M. Turner and Gareth B. Matthews (Rochester NY: Rochester University Press, 1998). International Philosophical Quarterly Vol. 54, No. 4, Issue 216 (December 2014) pp. 379–391 doi: 10.5840/ipq201410619 380 LAWRENCE J. HATAB of personal and cultural history in the milieu of child rearing—since the raising of children is always informed by the historical influences upon, and cultural expectations of, care-givers and teachers at every level of engagement. One way to address this matter is to sense the radical implications of Aristotle's claim that knowledge is marked by the capacity to teach, rather than mere experience (Metaphysics 981b8 ff.). What I find interesting in this remark is that the longstanding philosophical stipulation that knowledge must somehow exceed immediate experience is here expressed not in terms of some transcendent source or "pure" faculty of cognition, but rather the practical setting of pedagogical repetition, which simultaneously preserves and creates cultural phenomena by "leading" someone (educere) toward acquiring insights and skills that have shaped the experience of predecessors. Education exhibits the temporal/historical structure of being, and it is the lifeblood of culture, which survives the passage of time through the rearing and shaping of children. We should note that the Greek word for education, paideia, which also denotes the idea of culture and learned accomplishments generally, is derived from pais, the word for child; so in paideia, the Greeks named an intrinsic relationship between children, education, and culture. Like most other philosophers, Heidegger gave little attention to childhood, but his philosophical emphasis on pre-reflective practice and understanding seems uniquely qualified to help make sense of a child's experience and development. Moreover, it seems to me that many central Heideggerian concepts are best defended, exemplified, and articulated by bringing child development into the discussion: Consider how potentiality, temporality, and the historical repetition of tradition can be seen to mark child-rearing as the beginning of Dasein's situated emergence; consider also how the hermeneutic circle and especially Dasein's thrownness are perfectly intelligible in terms of having been reared. A Heideggerain emphasis on pre-reflective worldinvolvement opens up a richer array of phenomena for studying child development, which can improve upon standard theories that have over-emphasized exclusive conditions or criteria: for instance, cognitive development (Piaget), psycho-sexual development and abnormal behavior (Freud), external conditioning (Skinner), and biogenetic forces (sociobiology). I want to begin by laying out some basic features of Heidegger's conception of being-in-the-world as a preparation for understanding the world of the child. Then I will briefly discuss some of Heidegger's remarks on childhood, followed by some reflections on language and the correlation of anxiety and meaning. Dasein is being-in-the-world, which means it is never separable from world involvement, and it cannot be understood as a discrete subject on one side of a For an excellent critical survey of standard theories, see R. Murray Thomas, Comparing Theories of Child Development, 5th edition (Belmont CA: Wadsworth, 2000). For a study of child and human development that accords well with Heidegger's thought, see Bernard J. Boelen, Personal Maturity: The Existential Dimension (New York: Seabury, 1978), especially chaps. 2–3. See also Maurice Merleau-Ponty, "The Child's Relations With Others," in The Primacy of Perception and Other Essays, ed. James E. Edie (Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press, 1964), pp. 96–155. Portions of what follows are drawn from my book, Ethics and Finitude: Heideggerian Contributions to Moral Philosophy (Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000). 381 DASEIN, THE EARLY YEARS: HEIDEGGERIAN REFLECTIONS ON CHILDHOOD self-world relation. Da-sein is the "there" of being, the disclosive opening of and to being. For Heidegger, Dasein's existence is ek-static, in the sense of standing-out, which is to say, not the "inside" of a discrete consciousness, not even an outside as the "other side" of consciousness, but a standing in the out, an immersion in the "there" of being that characterizes Dasein's prereflective involvement in the world. Before the detached, reflective standpoint of theoretical reason and scientific objectivity, we are "always already" shaped by everyday concerns, practical involvement, moods and affects, inherited customs and traditions, social relations, and language uses. These spheres cannot be bracketed or displaced in any philosophical inquiry that aims for a comprehensive understanding of the meaning of being. Contrary to the idea of knowledge as the discovery of free-standing facts or truths independent of human involvement—some uninterpreted "given" out of which inferences can proceed from unadulterated, stable foundations—Heidegger insists that all forms of thought are saturated with prior modes of understanding that Dasein brings to any inquiry. Consequently, philosophical thought must be hermeneutical, it must work on and with already operating forces and capacities, rather than see itself as the search for some purely objective ground. Hermeneutics discounts the possibility of a "view from nowhere." No inquiry begins from scratch; it is always shaped by prior modes of understanding or direction that usually go unnoticed because of their tacit character. Childhood can be seen as the ontogenetic "origin" of Dasein's tacit understanding of being. As a result of child-rearing, each mature Dasein brings to any endeavor the effects and influences of its enculturation since the first moments of life. And this is a crucial sense in which Dasein is Mitsein, or socially shaped all the way down. Child-rearing opens up issues that undermine the modern, individualistic conception of the self and that lend credence to Heideggerian phenomenology. The prevailing view has taken social relations as a second-order sphere compared to the original immediacy of self-consciousness. And epistemologically, the emphasis has been on monological reason, where knowledge is understood from the standpoint of the individual mind, its faculties, and rational procedures. Heidegger follows Hegel in arguing for a social self. Dasein is "essentially Mitsein (being-with)." For instance, the practices of Dasein's world are primarily social practices, as a relatedness to others and their practices (my writing for readers with pen and paper made by others, and so on). Social relations are not inside-out connections between mutually secluded selves. Others are part of the disclosive "there" of Dasein's being. Being-with is part of Dasein's being-in, part of Dasein's inhabitive dwelling (BT, p. 155). In everyday dealings, I do not "launch" myself into social relations from the standpoint of a discrete, interior consciousness. I am with others in innumerable co-concerns and social transactions that continually occupy my life. This is not to deny individuality, or distinctions between self and others, See Martin Heidegger, Pathmarks,


The effects of fiber length, coarseness and strength on the properties of paper, especially the effect on the strength properties of paper are discussed.


The utility model discloses a lift rail tractor with no power consumption in the field of a steel pipe production device. The lift rail tractor comprises a base, wherein two rows of brackets are symmetrically arranged on the base left and right; two one-to-one corresponding brackets in the two rows of brackets are in one group; a guide sleeve is arranged in each bracket respectively; guide rods are inserted into the guide sleeves; the upper ends of the guide rods are connected with guide roller frames; guide rollers are arranged on the guide roller frames; the two guide roller frames arrangedon each group of brackets are fixedly connected with each other to form a guide roller mechanism; the two corresponding guide rollers are arranged in a certain angle; the lower end of the guide rollermechanism is connected with a screw stem; a nut is meshed on the screw stem; the two brackets in the same group are connected with each other by a beam; and the lower end surface of the nut is supported at the upper side of the beam. The lift rail tractor can drive the guide roller mechanism to go up and down by rotating the nut, so as to adapt to pulling out various steel pipes; the guide rollers have the guiding and supporting functions, so that the steel pipes can be pulled out more conveniently; the lift rail tractor is not provided with a power mechanism and has no power consumption, thereby avoiding collision, ensuring the quality of the steel pipes and being used in the manufacturing of various steel pipes.


To provide a buck converter 117 and the voltage converter 501 having a capacitive voltage divider that is integrated with the battery charger 504. A transducer includes four capacitors, a switch circuit Q1 to Q4, an inductor L and a controller 503. These capacitors, a capacitor loop is formed between the input node 101 and reference node GND, and includes a fly capacitor C2 controlled by the switch circuit. Switch circuit includes a first a first output voltage VOUT1 half the input voltage VIN to be supplied to the output node 105, and to convert the first output voltage via the inductor to the second output voltage VOUT2 It is controlled by the PWM signal. Controller controls the PWM signal to regulate the second output voltage, in order to maintain the first output node between a predetermined maximum battery voltage level and a predetermined minimum battery voltage level, controls the input voltage providing a voltage control signal VC. Battery charging path is coupled to the reference node, a battery charging mode is determined by the battery voltage. .FIELD 5


This small book is written with a view to the attention of general medical practitioners to the problem of ever-increasing blindness in India. ^ author is not successful in achieving that end with his limited resources. . ? the The book is divided mainly into two portion-: first part dealing with the operative treatment geSother with the therapeutics of the various eye dise ^e Some of the common operations on the e^esnipl'' described elaborately, mentioning the common c0[j0o?cations which may arise during the course of oper?_ ^e Synopses for the treatment of the ocular disease considered to be of little practical value to ?c practitioners or post-graduates. .


This paper gives a brief introduction on Reconfigurable Manufacturing System with its design principles. It also discusses how reconfigurable manufacturing system is configured and proposes a method for calculating the number of possible rms configurations based on the number of machines in the system. A comparison between rms configuration and cell configuration is an important part of this paper. Here we have explained how to design rms with all six core characteristics and with the integration of innovative reconfigurable machine tools and reconfigurable inspection machines into the configuration. The six core characteristics are: Modularity, Integrability, customized flexibility, convertibility, scalability and diagnosability. These two principles make rms more productive and responsive. An accurate mathematical method is introduced for designing rms.


In order to enhance the early warning capability of submarine launched ballistic missile(SLBM), this paper designs an LEO Walker satellite constellation, which backs up the missile early-warning satellite system by using the LEO satellite, implementing the fast response of emergency tasks. By taking the continuous coverage capability of the early-warning detection system as an index, the corresponding modeling and simulation are performed on this design, using STK software. And the detailed analysis is done in terms of the parameters of satellite orbit, configurations of constellation, coverage performance and others. Simulation analytic results show that the constellation designed can achieve more than 97% continuous coverage for local threatened sea area around our country, and realize a strict continuous coverage for those parts below 26° of north latitude areas.


GH4169 alloy material has good corrosion resistance, radiation resistance and other excellent properties, and has been widely used in aerospace and other manufacturing fields. At the same time, due to its severe machining hardening phenomenon and high cutting force during machining, it is also one of the typical difficult-to-machine materials, and the deep hole drilling of GH4169 alloy has been rarely studied. In this paper, the deep hole drilling test of GH4169 is studied, and BTA system is adopted in the test, the wear and failure modes of the cutting tool, and the change of chip morphology were analyzed. Results showed that the middle cutter tooth wear focused on central blade, the wear of the center tooth occurs mainly at the tip of the cutter tooth, the wear of edge tooth mainly occurs at the arc of the tool tip where the main cutting edge is connected with the secondary cutting edge: the chips produced by the central cutter tooth are mostly short and small c-shaped chips, the chip produced by the middle tooth is not easy to break the chip, most of which are elongated spiral chip, the cuttings produced by the edge tooth are not easy to discharge, and most of them are hard spiral coils.


In the broadest definition, a sensor is an electronic component, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor. Temperature is most-measured process variable in the industrial automation. The most commonly, temperature sensor was used to convert the temperature value to the electrical value. The temperature sensors are the key to read the temperatures correctly and to control the temperature in the industrials applications. Such "smart" temperature sensors combine a sensor and interface electronics on the single chip, and are preferably manufactured in a low-cost standard CMOS process.


In recent years, Internet Protocol (IP) telephony has been a real alternative to the traditional Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN). IP telephony offers more flexibility in the implementation of new features and services. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is becoming a popular signaling protocol for Voice over IP (VoIP) based applications. The SIP Proxy server is a software application that provides call routing services by parsing and forwarding all the incoming SIP packets in an IP telephony network. The efficiency of this process can create large scale, highly reliable packet voice networks for service providers and enterprises. We established that the efficient design and implementation of the SIP Proxy server architecture can enhance the performance characteristics of a SIP Proxy server significantly. Since SIP Proxy server performance can be characterized by its transaction states of each SIP session, we emulated the M/M/1 performance model of the SIP Proxy Server and studied some of the key performance benchmarks such as average response time to process the SIP calls and mean number of SIP calls in the system. We showed its limitations, and then studied an alternative M/M/c based SIP Proxy Server performance model with enhanced performance and predictable results. Index Terms—SIP, Performance, M/M/1,M/M/c in the SIP Proxy Server software, which forms a central part of the control plane corresponding to the VoIP data plane. Our key contribution in this paper is obtaining a better understanding of the performance of the SIP Proxy system. We emulated the M/M/1 queuing model proposed in (7), obtained the analytical results and compared them with exper- iments performed on a real SIP Proxy Server. Motivated by our understanding of the SIP Proxy Server software architecture, we proposed a less complex, more predictable, and more realistic SIP Proxy Server based on M/M/c queuing model. Current trends in server architecture make this model more suitable than the M/D/1 model we proposed in (18). In M/M/cmodel, we considered a single proxy server with mul- tiple threads to process all the incoming SIP calls generated from SIP endpoints. To avoid the propagation delay between the proxy servers, we considered a single proxy server in this model. This paper is organized as follows: Section II addresses the background information on SIP and SIP Proxy Server; Section III provides the motivation for this research; Section IV defines the actual M/M/cbased modeling of the SIP Proxy Server, followed by the analytical and experimental results of the M/M/1 and M/M/c models in Section V; Section VI details the comparative study of the results of the SIP Proxy Server models.


Abstract
 Clerodendrum paniculatum is a shrub which is widely cultivated as an ornamental for its spectacularly showy inflorescences. This species often establishes as a garden escapee. Its ability to produce root suckers allows the species to easily colonize new areas. Once established, it can form clonal stands of several plants. C. paniculatum is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds and listed as invasive in Singapore, Cuba, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Micronesia, Fiji, Palau, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Western Samoa.


Introduction It is well known that overexposure to the sunlight, particularly to UV rays, may cause many skin defects, like sunburns (erythema), premature skin aging (wrinkles), photosensitivity, suppression of the immune system or even skin cancers. For many years, sunscreens have been recommended by dermatologists, not only as a protective measure against excessive amounts of sunlight, but also because of their contribution to the prevention of skin photodamage [1]. All of cosmetic products with sunscreen properties are designed to absorb or reflect the sun's UV radiation in order to protect the skin cells from damage. UV radiation is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies in the range of 200 and 400 nm (Fig. 1) and it is usually divided into three regions: UVA: 320÷400 nm • UVB: 280÷320 nm • UVC: 200÷280 nm •


Scattering of microwave atmospheric and terrestrial surface radiation on dielectric particles suspended in the air can significantly modify atmosphere brightness temperature's angular distribution and cause some polarization effects. In this paper, radiative transfer calculations are used with a thin cloud model and a simple vertical thin cloud parallel to the surface, that is based on assumptions of spherical particle shape and homogeneous underlying surface. This simple model makes it possible to reveal interesting spectral and angular features caused by such phenomena and at the same time can be useful for description of microwave propagation under some realistic conditions.


........................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ............................................................................................................... iii List of Figures.............................................................................................................. iv Summary ...................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 : Introduction .............................................................................................. 13 1.1. Purpose of the Study: Motivation .................................................................. 15 1.1.1. Tourism as an engine of economic development ........................................ 15 1.1.2. Dynamic changes to tourism industry in the Maldives ............................... 18 184.108.40.206. Stagnation of European market .............................................................. 18 18.104.22.168. Sustainability of tourism in the Maldives ............................................... 19 18.104.22.168. Human capital investment in the tourism industry .................................. 20 1.1.3. Knowledge gap ......................................................................................... 21 1.1.4. Research objectives and our contribution ................................................... 23 22.214.171.124. Academic contribution ........................................................................... 23 188.8.131.52. Policy contribution................................................................................. 24 1.2. Methodologies .............................................................................................. 24 1.3. Major findings .............................................................................................. 26 Implications of this study for public policy ............................................................... 29 1.4. Organization of Thesis .................................................................................. 30 Chapter 2 : Evolution of tourism industry in the Maldives ........................................... 32 2.


Feeding by piscivorous marine seabirds necessitates some spatial association between them and their prey. Many attempts have been made to establish spatial associations between seabirds and their prey, yet small-scale ( 10 birds) of piscivorous murres (Uria spp.) and puffins (Fratercula spp.) are con- sistently associated with their major prey in this area, large shoals of Age-0 pollock Theragra chalcogramma. Furthermore, the number of birds in a bird cluster is usually proportional to the bio- mass of fish under that cluster.


Due to the difficulty in resorting to law for settlement,the conflict between labor and capital is always an important reason for mass incidents.However,labor union of Yiwu takes advantage of its unique semi-administrative and semi-group identity to activate and relate various resources.With this role of social integration,it establishes a structural passage and changes the status of legal channel in convenience,cost,effect and credit through new systematic supply,which makes it prior to other methods and thus becomes the top choice for migrant laborers to solve problems.Although the role of labor union is different from political integration,it has similar results since it decreases the rate of turning individual incidents to mass ones and legal conflicts to political ones.


OBJECTIVE:To study the formula and preparation technology of Panaxatriol saponins pellets. METHODS:The formula Panaxatriol saponins pellets,preparation technology parameters of extrusion-spheronization and fluid bed coating technology were optimized with single factor test,using forming characteristics and physical parameters as indicators. RESULTS:Optimized formula was as follows:panaxatriol saponins 120 g,cellulose microcrystalline cellulose 90 g,starch 90g,PVP K30 6.0 g,50% ethanol solution containing 8% PVP K30 as adhensive agent;The pellets prepared by fluid bed coating technology were all spheral completely with appropriate hardness and uniform particle size distribution;the yield of the pellet was not less than 93%. CONCLUSIONS:The fluid bed coating technology is simple and fesiable,prepared pellets were excellent in quality and suitable for further enteric coating.


SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area) is a new step in the move towards financial integration in Europe. SEPA will harmonise the use of payment instruments (credit transfers, direct debits and card payments) throughout SEPA (the 27 EU countries plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland). All the economic actors will be able to make cross-border euro payments in the same way as domestic euro payments, with the same obligations and liabilities. The European Commission has created a harmonised legal framework for payment services and the European Payments Council (EPC), unifying the banking sector, directs the process under a self-regulating regime. The Eurosystem monitors progress and developments in its catalyst role. For each of the SEPA payment instruments, the EPC has developed standards : "Rulebooks" for the credit transfer and direct debit payment instruments and a more general framework for card payments. Ultimately, the same credit transfer and direct debit payment instruments will be available and accessible to all users. Any SEPA payment cards will be accepted at any terminal in SEPA. Infrastructures will have to be adapted to meet the new payment standards, and consolidation is likely. SEPA is being created in phases. The design phase is now finished and from January 2008 onwards banks will offer their customers the SEPA Credit Transfer in parallel with the existing national credit transfer. The SEPA Direct Debit will be launched in November 2009. By the end of 2010, the use of the national payment instruments should cease. For cards, banks will need up to the end of 2010 to streamline all standards. From 2011 onwards, only SEPA cards will be issued. In Belgium, the SEPA project is organised on two different levels : from a banking perspective and on a more general level with all stakeholders in the economy. A migration plan has been published and is regularly updated. Thanks to its long tradition of interbank cooperation, the Belgian banking sector is one of the leading banking communities in the migration to SEPA in Europe.


Due to the diversity of its players, the American healthcare sector has experimented with different types of integrated supply chain management systems for medical supplies. In the 1980s, US distributors were offering customers the so‐called stockless replenishment method, whereby the distributor picks and packs products according to the particular needs of each patient care unit and, in most cases, delivers them directly. By the late 1990s, stockless agreements had run out of steam, as distributors sought to optimize the balance between their efforts expended in hospital replenishment and the hospitals' inventory savings. Among the various reflections and initiatives aimed at finding such a new balance, we focused on the experience of a Quebec (Canada) hospital adopting a hybrid version of the stockless system, under which the distributor supplied high‐volume products for the patient care unit in case quantities, leaving the institution's central stores to break down bulk purchases of low‐volume products into point‐of‐use format (eaches). The study reveals marginal benefits from the hybrid method for both the institution and the distributor. However, it also reveals the importance of the manufacturer's role with respect to packing formats, and demonstrates that the rearrangement of storage areas can generate substantial savings, opening the way to means for improving the healthcare sector supply chain.


Application of echo state network (ESN) for the nonlinear control of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is presented. The data required for the network training is generated using a validated flight dynamics model of the UAV. The ESN is used for both offline and online training. The offline training realizes the inversion required for the feedback linearlization. The online training is then used to reduce the inversion error that results due to the modeling deficiencies. The data required for the online training is obtained in real-time from the FlightGear flight simulator while the UAV is flying in the simulation. The FlightGear model of the UAV is based on the flight validated nonlinear model of the UAV. Results show that the ESN performs very well for the nonlinear control of the UAV with significantly less computational time and simplicity.


Lidar has brought the much-needed revolution in the autonomous car driving technology. Combination of ABS (antilock braking system), Sensors and a novel pneumatic bumper makes the braking system of vehicles much safer and intelligent. Within this paper, we intend to provide an introductory overview of the technology, which will make vehicles much safer during high speed braking or in a crash. Finally, methods for the coordination between sensors, ABS and a novel pneumatic bumper were analyzed.


The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been traditionally considered a housekeeping protein involved in energy generation. However, evidence indicates that GAPDHs from different origins are tightly regulated and that this regulation may be on the basis of glycolysis‐related and glycolysis‐unrelated functions. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tdh3 is the main GAPDH, although two other isoenzymes encoded by TDH1 and TDH2 have been identified. Like other GAPDHs, Tdh3 exists predominantly as a tetramer, although dimeric and monomeric forms have also been isolated. Mechanisms of Tdh3 regulation may thus imply changes in its oligomeric state or be based in its ability to interact with Tdh1 and/or Tdh2 to form hybrid complexes. However, no direct evidence of the existence of these interactions has been provided and the exact function of Tdh1,2 is unknown. Here, we show that Tdh1,2 immunopurified with a GFP‐tagged version of Tdh3 and that lack of this interaction stimulates the Tdh3's aggregation. Furthermore, we found that the combined knockout of TDH1 and TDH2 promotes the loss of cell's viability and increases the growing rate, glucose consumption and CO2 production, suggesting a higher glycolytic flux in the mutant cells. Consistent with this, the tdh3 strain, which displays impaired in vitro GAPDH activity, exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Quite remarkably, tdh1 tdh2 mutant cells show increased sensitivity to aureobasidin A, an inhibitor of the inositolphosphoryl ceramide synthase, while cells lacking Tdh3 showed improved tolerance. The results are in agreement with a link between glycolysis and sphingolipid (SLs) metabolism. Engineering Tdh activity could be thus exploited to alter the SLs status with consequences in different aspects of yeast biotechnology.


Abstract Barium titanate BaTiO3 (BT) is one of the widely applied lead-free ferroelectric materials due to relatively high permittivity and low cost. Lead zinc-niobate Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN) belongs to a class of disordered and inhomogeneous materials, i.e. is a relaxor. Low-lead (1-x)BT-xPZN ceramics (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125 and 0.15) were prepared by two-step conventional oxide mixed sintering process. Thermal conductivity (κ) of these ceramics was measured for the first time (except for x = 0) from room temperature to 200 °C. It was shown that the thermal conductivity decreases with both decreasing temperature and with increasing PZN content. κ(T) curves show anomaly at Curie temperature, which is connected with change of specific heat. Obtained results indicated that thermal conductivity of investigated samples is mainly related to phonons scattering by lattice defects and by atomic mass fluctuation resulted from PZN incorporation to BT.


A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of tranexamic acid and ethamsylate in tablet formulation. The separation was achieved by Intersil C18 column using a mobile phase of water: acetonitrile: triethylamine pH 4 (93:07:01 v/v/v). Detection was carried out at 220 nm. Retention time of tranexamic acid and ethamsylate was found to be 2.08 and 4.31 min, respectively. The method has been validated for linearity, accuracy and precision. Linearity for tranexamic acid and ethamsylate were in the range of 100-1000 μg/mL and 10-500 μg/mL, respectively. The mean recoveries obtained for tranexamic acid and ethamsylate were in the range of 99.29% and 99.53% respectively. Developed method was found to be accurate, precise, selective and rapid for simultaneous estimation of tranexanmic acid and ethamsylate in tablets.


The paper relates the meaning of study on the farmland moistures. From the view of logical process, the study of the farm land moistures was specified into three parts: the balance and exchange of each water, the relations between water and crop's growth and product, water management. The study advance in each field was reviewed. Several problems were pointed out at the end of the paper.


Optical transitions in highly-charged ions may provide the reference for atomic clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variation of the fundamental constant α. Using level crossings, transitions may be found within the range of lasers even when the ionization potential is several hundred eV. We have identified systems with transitions of valence electrons and holes that provide up to two orders-of-magnitude improvement over the clocks used to obtain the current best limits on α-variation.


Water exports have been implicated in the decline of fish populations in the upper San Francisco Estuary, California. We evaluated the relation between delta smelt salvage at the John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility (SFF) and underlying entrainment losses at the State Water Project


Process-oriented writing instruction has been advocated for both L1 and L2 writing classrooms since the 1960s. Empowering learner autonomymay best occur through non-direct instruction (Rogers Freiberg, 1994), engaging students in social learning (Vygotsky, 1978) andcreating workshop-like classrooms (Murray, 2004). Any number of techniques can be used, preferably in-sync with each other, to accomplish such an approach. This study will examine the results of some recent action research in the classroom to attempt to ascertain among various process-techniques, designed to accomplish the aforementioned aspects of process-oriented instruction,which techniques (CODA paradigm / rubrics, journals, peer reviews, teacher conferences, etc.) were most useful to developmental students, especially from their own points of view. Student voices were collected through oral presentations, instructor evaluations, and classroom observations in an American classroom where native English speaking and non-native English speaking writers wrestled with freshman level developmental writing side-by-side.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2017.200202


The coupling between longitudinal optical (LO) phonons and plasmons plays a fundamental role in determining the performance of doped semiconductor devices. In this work, we report a comparative investigation into the dependence of the coupling on temperature and doping in n- and p-type GaAs by using ultrafast optical phonon spectroscopy. A suppression of coherent oscillations has been observed in p-type GaAs at lower temperature, strikingly different from n-type GaAs and other materials in which coherent oscillations are strongly enhanced by cooling. We attribute this unexpected observation to a cooling-induced elongation of the depth of the depletion layer which effectively increases the screening time of surface field due to a slow diffusion of photoexcited carriers in p-type GaAs. Such an increase breaks the requirement for the generation of coherent LO phonons and, in turn, LO phonon-plasmon coupled modes because of their delayed formation in time.


By research on migration transporting form of space allocation between K1qn1 source rocks and traps in F,Y and Putaohua oil layers and their relation in and around Sanzhao depression,it was considered that there were mainly 4 kinds of space allocation relations: source rock bottom-trap top,source rock bottom-trap lateral top,source rock top-trap bottom,and source rock top-trap lateral bottom.The oil transporting forms of different source rock-trap space allocation types are different.Source rock bottom-trap top space allocation is linear upward migration transporting form passing through T2~T06 source faults.Source rock bottom-trap lateral top space allocation is U-shaped migration transporting form that is composed of T2 source faults that are disconnected from bottom,sand bodies of F,Y oil layers connected by T2~T06 source faults,and T2~T06 source faults.Source rock top-trap bottom space allocation is linear downward migration transporting form passing T2 source faults that are disconnected from bottom.Source rock top-trap lateral bottom space allocation is L-shaped migration transporting form that is composed of T2 source faults that are disconnected from bottom and sand bodies of F,Y oil layers connected by T2~T06 source faults.The control action of oil migration form of oil-gas bearing combination on oil accumulation and distribution in middle and lower part of Sanzhao depression mainly show: 1.Reservoirs in oil source area all distribute near source faults linear transporting pathway;2.Reservoirs out of oil source area all distribute in or near the sand body transporting pathway connected by faults;3.The Putaohua oil layer reservoirs formed by U-shaped transporting forms out of oil source area all distribute near faults which pass through T2~T06 reflection layers.


How should inventory management respond when there is a possibility of imminent obsolescence or, more generally, deteriorating demand? We use an inventory-control model to address this question. The model incorporates a Markovian submodel to describe the uncertain events leading to obsolescence. These events and their uncertainties come in a variety of patterns. We devote considerable attention to specifying the submodel, and we compare a few alternatives numerically. Also, we compare optimal policies to simpler alternatives, and we investigate the response of the model to parameter changes. Generally, we find that obsolescence does or should have a substantial impact in the way inventories are managed. The nature of these effects, moreover, is fairly intricate. It appears that obsolescence cannot be captured in a simpler model through parameter adjustments. These conclusions presume that we cannot dispose of excess stock, either directly or through price promotions; we show also that the disposal option can make the problems of obsolescence more manageable.


In the present quarter, experiments are presented on ceramic/metal interactions of Zirconia/ NiB-Si system and with a thin Ti coating deposited on zirconia surface. Existing facilities were modified for evaluation of environmental assisted slow crack growth and creep in flexural mode. Processing of perovskites of LSC, LSF and LSCF composition were continued for evaluation of mechanical properties as a function of environment. These studies in parallel to those on the LSFCO composition is expect to yield important information on questions such as the role of cation segregation and the stability of the perovskite structure on crack initiation vs. crack growth. Studies have been continued on the La1-xSrxFeO3-d composition using neutron diffraction and TGA studies. A transition from p-type to n-type of conductor was observed at relative low pO2, at which the majority carriers changed from the holes to electrons because of the valence state decreases in Fe due to the further loss of oxygen. Investigation on the thermodynamic properties of the membrane materials are continued to develop a complete model for the membrane transport. Data obtained at 850oC show that the stoichiometry in La0.2Sr0.8Fe0.8Cr0.2O3-x vary from ~2.85 to 2.6 over the pressure range studied. From the stoichiometry a lower limit of 2.6 corresponding to the reduction of all Fe to Fe and no reduction of Cr is expected.


The development of large wind farms is seen as a part of the solution to lowering global carbon emissions through bulk renewable energy generation, and in Europe many wind farms have mainly been constructed offshore where wind and land resources are advantageous compared to onshore sites. Whether onshore or offshore, lowering the cost of production is driving the industry to build wind farms with more turbines each capable of generating more power [1]-[4]. In the UK, the Offshore Windfarm Accelerator, a collaborative R&D program led by the Carbon Trust, is aiming to reduce the cost of wind generation by 10% through a combination of technological advances.


Pretreatment of soil samples, such as grinding and sample size, can potentially affect phospholipid fatty add (PLFA) extraction efficiencies. The objective of this study was to determine how soil pretreatment affects PLFA analysis and interpretation. Two grinding (ground and control) and five soil sample sizes (0.125-5 g) in factorial combinations were applied to restored or remnant prairie soils. In the restored soil, the smaller soil aliquots were more likely to result in outlying values of community composition, suggesting small-scale heterogeneity in microbial community distribution. Grinding reduced this variability in community composition, with no outliers, even with the lowest size in ground soils. However, grinding increased the abundance of eukaryotic relative to prokaryotic PLFAs, and we hypothesize that grinding exposed root cells and the interior of fungal hyphae to extraction. We suggest that in soils with high root densities, soils should not be ground as grinding may obscure changes in the microbial community by exaggerating the eukaryotic signal from roots. However, in soils with low rooting densities, grinding will reduce heterogeneity and ensure that eukaryotic biomarkers are not underestimated.


Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a global environmental challenge that threatens human food security. Lime combined with five different organic materials (rape seed cake, mushroom residue, straw, sawdust, and corn cobs) (LOM) at application ratios of 1:1 and lime sawdust combined with nitro-compound fertilizer (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, KH2PO4, KNO3) (LSF) at different application rates were applied to Cd-contaminated soil. The present study investigates the effects of these organic–inorganic compound amendments on Cd bioavailability in soil, and Cd uptake and accumulation by edible Artemisia selengensis parts. A. selengensis was cultivated for three consecutive seasons in Cd-contaminated soil. LOM and LSF treatments obviously reduced the uptake and accumulation of Cd. Compared with the control soil, contents of Cd in edible parts of A. selengensis decreased by 19.26–33.33% and 26.67–32.78% in the first season, 18.60–32.79% and 18.37–32.79% in the second season, and 20.45–40.68% and 34.32–37.27% in the third season, respectively. The addition of Lime + Mushroom Residue and 70% Nitro-compound Fertilizer + Lime + Sawdust most significantly reduced Cd concentrations in the edible parts of the third A. selengensis season. LOM and LSF application increased soil pH and improved soil fertility, including available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. Lime + Mushroom Residue improved plant yield the most. In addition, Lime + Mushroom Residue and 70% Nitro-compound Fertilizer + Lime + Sawdust had the lowest Cd accumulation and health risk indices, respectively. In conclusion, the Lime + Mushroom Residue and 70% Nitro-compound Fertilizer + Lime + Sawdust amendments significantly reduced health risks, enhanced A. selengensis growth, and promoted sustainable development of arable land under Cd-contaminated soil remediation.


Multipath fading can introduce severe amplitude distortion and level changes in a radio channel. These must be dynamically equalized to meet the toll transmission requirements of AR6A. This article describes equalizer circuitry at intermediate frequencies, which continuously senses the level as a function of frequency in the transmission band and dynamically corrects the effects of multipath fading.


As human longevity increases, with people living well into their seventies and eighties, the need for long-term care for the elderly most certainly will grow. The longer people live, the more likely they fall prey to chronic disease(s), as well as to the standard toll the aging process takes on human bodies and psyches. In this article, I examine some of the concerns that a wide variety of governments, individuals, and families have expressed about meeting the long-term care needs of large numbers of people over sixty-five. I then claim that each of these groups must do its share of long-term care for the elderly, depending on its ability to do so. Finally, I conclude that the more committed a country is to the deconstruction of ingrained notions about who should care (women) and who should work (men) (Belkin 2008), the more able it will be to meet the long-term care needs of the elderly and other vulnerable populations fairly.


The release of one-carbon compounds (i.e., CO 2 and CH 4 ) into the atmosphere due to human activities has been recognized as a major factor causing dramatic climatic change on the Earth. In recent years, the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected to cause warmer surface temperatures at an accelerating rate and subsequent alternation of ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Consequently, a variety of CO 2 disposal options are discussed, including CO 2 Capture and Storage (CCS) followed by injection of CO 2 into deep subseafloor hydrocarbon reservoirs such as coal formations. However, geophysical and geochemical behaviors of high concentration of CO 2 within subseafloor environments, as well as ecological consequence and biogeochemical carbon cycle, remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a CO 2 injection-experiment using subseafloor bituminous coal samples (Kushiro Coal Mine, Co. Ltd.) under high pressure and temperature condition. The reaction experiment was performed using a newly developed flow-through geobio-reactor system at the Kochi Institute for Core Sample research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). The reaction column was prepared from the coal chips (from 1 to 3 cm in diameter) and powdered sandstone, which were packed in a heat-shrinkable tube under anaerobic condition. Anaerobic artificial seawater (ASW) and CO 2 were continuously supplemented into the column for 56 days under the following condition: flow rate of ASW; 0.002 ml/min, flow rate of CO 2 ; 0.00001 ml/min, pore pressure; 40 MPa, confined pressure; 41 MPa, temperature: 40 degrees C. After the reaction, XRD analysis showed no or very little changes on mineral assemblages of the sandstone, whereas minor carbonate generation was observed by SEM-EDS analysis. The sandstone contained ˜10 4 microbial cells/cm 3 after experiments, which was similar to the biomass prior to the experiment. Molecular analysis of the extracted 16S rRNA genes revealed the predominance of spore-forming bacteria (e.g., Lysinibacillus and Bacillus) in the coal samples, which members were also found in the reaction column after the CO 2 -injetion experiment. During the reactor operation, we observed increase of dissolved CH 4 concentration up to 186 micro M, whereas total dissolved inorganic carbon in the medium passed through the column decreases compared to the injected amount (e.g., total dissolved inorganic carbon in the medium: 125.6 mM, the injected total dissolved inorganic carbon: 138.38 mM at 56 days). Based on the carbon isotopic composition of DIC, it is most likely that no or very little microbial methanogenesis occurred and the absorbed CH 4 was released from the coal samples during the CO 2 -injection experiment.


As Second Life (SL) continues to gain interest at the college and university level, the greatest challenge during early inception focuses on faculty and supporting staff and their ability to fully understand SL's capacity as a teaching tool. Even with these limitations, many early implementers are becoming ensconced in SL by acquiring land and creating offices, learning and other interactive spaces. Many begin to plan out academic activities within SL without a clear understanding of SL's capabilities or current limitations. Meeting the needs of these early implementers requires the ability to level-set staff and faculty understanding by presenting them up-front with the techniques, concepts and capabilities of current SL educational efforts. By providing structured training and facilitating open dialogue, coupled with hands-on interaction in- world, faculty and staff are better able to plan, build out, and maximize the inherent academic capabilities that are characteristic of a virtual environment.


ABSTRACT Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is usually utilised as a reliable diagnostic and predictive marker of gastric cancer (GC). Herein, a target-responsive, label-free aptamer 'signal-on' fluorescent biosensing system was developed based on the synthesis of DNA-templated quantum dots via one-pot route and interactions with graphene oxide. CEA triggered aptamer-DNA hairpins hybridisation to release DNA to hybridise with DNA-CdTe QDs on GO and led to the fluorescence recovery of system with a 'signal-on' status. The fluorescence intensity was proportionate to CEA concentration, and highly sensitive sensing platform for detecting CEA was achieved with a wide linear range (5–250 ng/mL) and a low detection limit (1.17 ng/mL). This sensing strategy, the targeted detection of aptamer for CEA, provided a new direction in the detection of protein and construction of fluorescence biosensors.


In the correction for polar motion, terrestrial gravimetry and 3-D positioning follow different conventions. The 3-D positions are corrected to refer to the "mean pole" (IERS Conventions 2010) or to the "secular pole" (IERS update working version since 2018). In any case, the pole reference evolves in time and describes the track of secular or low-frequency polar wander. However, in terrestrial gravimetry the gravity values are corrected to refer to the IERS Reference Pole, a fixed quantity. This may lead to discrepancies when for instance gravity change rates from absolute gravity measurements are compared with vertical velocities from GNSS. I discuss the size and geographical distribution of the possible discrepancies.


The heats of mixing of an equimolar mixture of poly G and poly C in solutions of various pH values were measured using a LKB batch type of microcalorimeter at 298±0.002 K. The interaction between poly G and poly C in neutral medium seems to lead to a complex such as poly(G+C). In order to obtain further information about the interaction between poly G and poly C, the CD spectra for poly G, poly C, and an equimolar mixture of poly G and poly C in solutions with various pH were also measured. From the results of the heats of mixing and the spectra measurements, it was concluded that poly G and poly C in neutral medium leads to a weak complex formation and the enthalpy of complex formation was stoichiometrically estimated to be about −9.3 kJ per mol of base pair.


This article summarizes the methods of adding or reducing supports at the fully mechanized coal face in the near level coal seam.By contrasting the conditions in the laneway,conducting methods and its attentions,this article describes the advantages and disadvantages of those methods.


has some difficulty explaining problems of developing areas in terms of social class analysis. The remainder of the book provides a sort of cafeteria style approach to political sociology. The community power studies are described and evaluated, and there is a review of the literature on political attitudes and behavior. Not surprisingly, the author gives considerable weight to social class as a determinant of attitudes, and he also gives a clear summary of studies of personality and politics. There is a particulary perceptive account of the role of public opinion in the Vietnam war. A separate chapter is devoted to youth and politics, and the final chapter covers a wide spectrum of social movements and ideologies. Among those covered are the labor, anti-war, feminist, and environmental movements. The author has some difficulty fitting all these into a consistent social class analysis, but for the most part he seems to be cheerfully aware of this. Right wing movements are associated with &dquo;simplistic conspiracy theories&dquo; while the left is more likely to espouse &dquo;more sophisticated social forces theories.&dquo; Goertzel is pleased to note that both the radical right and the far out left have both hit upon a &dquo;fundamental truth about American society which is missed by the pluralists ... there is a managerial elite at the center of power in America which ... does share many characteristics with the managerialist elite which runs the Soviet Union.&dquo;


The clinical swallow examination (CSE) is widely used by clinicians evaluating patients with dysphagia, yet this method remains controversial among many. The composition and purpose of the CSE are highly variable by region, facility, age group and individual clinician. This article will review literature on the topic and present clinical practice suggestions to further its usefulness and ongoing investigation.


dilator was used several times a day. The chronic back pain was no longer noticeable. A successful relocation of the sigmoid colon was performed without any complication 13 weeks after the protective stoma had been made. During follow-up visits the patient presented shrinking nonirritated wounds. Defecation was normal, manometry was positive and continence normal. Moreover she reported that she had gained weight and had reached her original body weight again. Anorectal necrosis after paracetamol abuse is rare, only a few cases have been described before. The pathological mechanism leading to anorectal necrosis after paracetamol abuse is still unknown. Paracetamol is widely used as an antipyretic and analgesic drug, however it also has vasoconstrictive properties. Therefore it is applied in neonatology for closure of the ductus arteriosus. It is highly probable that the vasoconstrictive properties are responsible for the perianal necrosis in our patient. In the present case, the correct diagnosis at an earlier time point could have avoided the invasive surgical treatment and shortened the duration of the patient's disease. This case underlines the importance of a detailed medical history and the clinical experience of the treating physician in reaching the correct diagnosis.


Undertaken in Our Institute many parts of Liaoning Province,the second land survey of the rural land investigation,after nearly two years work of exploration and practice,this paper first introduced the rural land survey work flow,then the main operation process etc,summarizes the main technical points.


A new sensor using fiber optics is suggested for blood flow measurements in small vessels. The sensor principle and a first evaluation on a flow model are presented. The new sensor uses small CO2 gas bubbles as flow markers for optical detection. When the bubbles pass an optical window, light emitted from one fiber is reflected and scattered into another fiber. The sensor has been proven to work in a 3 mm flow model using two 110 micrometers optical fibers and a 100 micrometers steel capillary inserted into a 1 mm guide wire. The evaluation of a sensor archetype shows that the new sensor provides a promising method for intravascular blood flow measurement in small vessels. The linearity for steady state flow is studied in the flow interval 30 - 130 ml/min. comparison with ultrasound Doppler flowmetry was performed for pulsatile flow in the interval 25 - 125 ml/min. with a pulse length between 0.5 and 2 s. The use of intravascular administered CO2 in small volumes is harmless because the gas is rapidly dissolved in whole blood.


interventional cardiology •Top-to-bottom coverage of the interventional cardiology techniques •Valuable perspectives on avoiding and properly managing complications •Up-to-date information on devices cardiovascular imaging studies. Addresses emerging clinical applications of nuclear imaging techniques for precision-based medicine, including targeted molecular imaging and cell therapies. Includes sections on instrumentation/principles of imaging; protocols and interpretation; applications in coronary artery disease, special populations, and heart failure; artificial intelligence, and more. Contains guidelines and appropriate use documents to provide appropriate context for clinicians. Features hundreds of high-quality figures including multimodal cardiac imaging studies, anatomic illustrations, and graphs. Provides Key Point summaries, 50 procedural videos, and 100 multiple-choice questions and answers to reinforce understanding and facilitate review. step-by-step coverage of cardiovascular surgical procedures and techniques. Chapters on Pacemaker Therapy and Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Thromboembolism expand the scope of coverage A completely updated drug formulary presents the most current therapies used to pharmacologically manage cardiovascular disease. Twenty-nine expert contributors share their knowledge and clinical exposure to ensure you are using the most trustworthy and up-to-date information available. into 3 sections: General Considerations, Chronic diseases and Geriatric Syndromes. Each chapter provides a summary of important and essential information under the heading of Key Points. Case studies are included in some of the chapters to highlight the principles of management.


O the last two decades, there has been a steady increase in the use of collaborative, consensus-based decision-making procedures, which are often included under the umbrella of alternative dispute resolution processes (Bacow and Wheeler, 1984; Bingham, 1986; Crowfoot and Wbndolleck, 1990; National Research Council, 1996;). Such lternative means of dispute resolution have been used increasingly by states, courts, and private entities, and a growg number of local, state, and federal agencies are using collaborative processes to make decisions regarding natural resource management. While the use of collaborative approaches has blossomed, practitioners are now encountering limitations in using these processes. For example, it is clear that not all decisions can be made via a collaborative process. In fact, many managers and decision makers are bumping against institutional and organizational barriers in terms of how many processes can be initiated and managed, in addition to limits on the participation in such processes by key stakeholder groups. One of the most difficult challenges in undertaking a consensus process is in securing participation by the appropriate stakeholders.


This thesis exhibits three unpublished compositions based on a musical stylistic analysis that was carried out in three songs of a band known as, with the desire to discover new resources of composition that may be useful for any Individual who wants to compose a song. The following research project begins with an introduction of the Australian band, its discography, musical references and biography. The purpose of this project is to identify, understand and analyze the compositional resources in three songs from three different discs to apply them to three new songs. The components investigated in terms of stylistic analysis were: formal analysis, structure, harmony, melody and lyrical. The main method that was applied to this project was the documentary research that includes the use of books, discography of and Web pages. Three musical transcripts were made to understand the stylistic analysis performed through the method of Alejandro Martinez, Caplin and Pattison, which are found in the annexes section of this research. Finally, the present work corresponds to the line of research of popular composition with its respective musical analysis and the portfolio of three unpublished songs created on the basis of the compositional resources obtained from the analysis carried out. It also has its respective phonogram. In short, this research helps to understand the use of compositional resources and how to make use of them for a portfolio of new musical composition in the song format.


This article describes the tradition of buka luwur which is a cloth that protects the tomb of Sunan Kudus which is commemorated by replacing the new flexural tradition in the Buka Luwur tradition every year. The tradition is carried out by the Foundation Board of the Mosque, the Tomb, and Menara Sunan Kudus in Central Java with the people of Kauman Village, Kota District, Kudus every month Muharam/Sura. The purpose of writing this article is to explore the symbolic meaning of Bubur Sura, which is located in the complex of the Tomb of Sunan Kudus, behind the Masjid al-Aqsa Menara Kudus. This research data were obtained by interview, participatory observation, and literature review. Data collection was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The tradition of open flexible has a characteristic that is the distribution of Asura porridge, nasi jangkrik, Islamic art attractions that are displayed to the public, and the replacement of old luwur with the new one. The meaning Bubur Sura to reference UU Nomor 5 Tahun 2017 tentang cultural progresiive, bubur sura tradition have mean tolerance, diversity, locality, between regions, partisipative, the benefits, sustainability, expretion freedom, coherent, equality, and mutual cooperation. Preserved tradition expressed to pray and care for ancestors, Sunan Kudus.


This study aims at knowing the preferable classroom management practices of faculty members in the Hashemite University from the point of view of faculty and students in 2003/2004. An instrument was designed of two questionnaires, one for faculty members and the other for students. Each of the questionnaires of two parts: The first for personal information consisted of the independent variables, such as gender, college, years of experience and rank (for faculty members) and as gender, and college (for students). The second part consisted of (31) items of (7) dimensions with five suggested answers for each.
The study sample consisted of (199) faculty members from the number of (218) who represent all faculty at the year 2003/2004, and randomly selected (761) students.
Results showed that there was no any preferable point in the suggested classroom management practices with a complete unanimous either from faculty or students. There were some agreements of the preferable items between faculty and within the variables of this group, and at the same time some differences, and the same for students. The Items that had agreement on the preferable answers between the majority of faculty and majority of students were (15) items, meanwhile, they differed in the answers of (16) items.
According to the results, some recommendations and suggestions were given.


Pavement management system (PMS) has been receiving increasing attention from both the government and private sectors in the attempt to ensure and keep the roads in good condition. The appropriate level of road maintenance activity is often contingent upon the type of pavement distress. Valid and reliable pavement data would lead to develop a PMS which is more suitable for agencies. Previous studies which attempted to identify modes of monitoring pavements were limited by constraints such as cost, time, and safety. This study was conducted to review some of the pavement monitoring modes introduced in previous studies. After completing a literature review, three mostly used modes, namely manual survey, smart sensor, and optical image processing, are selected for a comparative study to determine which mode is the most effective method in terms of cost, time, safety, accuracy, and sustainability. A data quality guideline was modified to produce a rating system for ranking the modes. In conclusion, the findings of this study could provide a guideline for the government and private sectors in determining the most effective pavement monitoring mode to be used in the sustainable PMS strategy.


This thesis focused a discussion on the relationship of classic novels and digital media as a measure of popularization in studying the river novels. This thesis examined how intimately digital media as today's rising mass media and classic novels are related in the properties, how positively classic novels can use digital media, and what impression classic novels can give to modern people. There were many successful studies on the relationship of digital media and classic novels, there are still residual questions and tasks. This thesis more closely examined the relationship of digital media and classic novels in the point of five characteristics of fantasy and space, coincidence, multiplexity, interactivity. Through this study we concretely groped the solution of cooperation and win-win progress of classic novels with digital media. Firstly, through shedding new light on characteristics of fantasy we could discover classic nobles have possibility of being born as great fantasy that can come close to movies like Lord of the Rings and games like History of Three States. The characteristics of space and coincidence are main properties of classic nobles, so they can be applied as highly charming elements in modern digital environment. And they can be factors not only elevating interest but also arousing philosophical inspirations. The characteristics of multiplex like texton, scripton, multiform story, kaleidoscopic narrative, and encyclopedic qualities can be stable foundation on that classic novels and digital media can get along with each other. Lastly, this thesis examined the possibility of halidom or prophesy motif in classic novels to be revealed to characteristics of interactivity through digital media. We hope that classic novels can be a fountain offering new vision and cognitional changeover to modern readers by being born again.


The purpose of this report is to present two cases of jaw locking with two different etiologies. In case #1, jaw locking occured 5.5 months after a surgical reduction and internal fixation on the fractured maxilla and mandible. Some plain radiographic x-ray were made but failed to give adequate information in establishing the cause of trismus. The three dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) was finally made and able to help guide the pre-operative diagnosis and treatment. Two-steps gap arthroplasty were done comprising a gap arthroplasty leading to acceptable outcome. An adult patient in case #2 with a history of trauma at his childhood and bird-like face apprearance clinically, was unable to open the mouth since the time of accident. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral ankylosis of temporomandibular joints. One side (right) gap arthroplasty was done and resulted in normal mouth opening.


A crystal structure investigation of the low temperature Li2SnO3 modification has been carried out. X-ray, neutron powder and electron diffraction data showed that this compound crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell with parameters: a = 5.3033(2)A, b = 9.1738(3)A, c = 10.0195(2)A, β ~ 100.042(2)o and has stacking disorder along the c-axis. Simulation of diffraction patterns with different stacking faults mainly reveal the presence of rotational stacking faults with a probability of about 40% . Introduction Lithium salts Li2MO3 (M = Sn, Ti, Zr, Mo, Pd, etc.) are candidate materials for Li ion conductors and solid breeders in a fusion reactor [1-3]. Li2SnO3 can also be used as a precursor for the synthesis of XSnO3 (X = Zn, Co, Ni) [4]. It has also been shown that, depending on the sintering conditions, the reactivity of Li2SnO3 is different [5]. As we will demonstrate, the reason for this could lie in the complex structural features of the compound. According to the literature, Li2SnO3 can be synthesized in two modifications. Lowtemperature (LT) Li2SnO3 is formed at temperatures below 800 oC and crystallizes in S.G. C2/m [6, 7]. High-temperature (HT) Li2SnO3 is formed at 1000 oC and also has a monoclinic unit cell (S.G. C2/c) with lattice parameters: a = 5.2889(2)A, b = 9.1872(3)A, c = 10.0260(2)A, β = 100.348(2)o [8]. Both modifications have a NaCl-related structure in which the oxygen atoms form a distorted cubic closed-packed network with octahedral cavities occupied by Li and Sn cations. Ordering of the metals along the [111] direction of the cubic body diagonal results in the appearance of two types of layers: one consists only lithium atoms (Li3) and another – lithium and tin atoms (LiSn2O6) (figure 1). The main difference between the HT and LT modifications lies in a different stacking of the LiSn2O6 layers. In spite of a lot of data from the literature the question about the exact crystal structure of the LT modification of Li2SnO3 is not clear yet. It was proposed in [6] and [7] that LT-Li2SnO3 376 European Powder Diffraction Conference, EPDIC 11 could just be a defect modification of the HT phase, and that the phase transition would correspond to a "healing" of the defects in the disordered structure. Figure 1. Crystal structure of HT-Li2SnO3. During our investigation of the interaction processes between lithium salts Li2MO3 (M = Zr, Sn, Ti) with evaporated water in an air environment and acid water solutions it has been shown that an extent of the exchange of Li ions for hydrogen, realized through the formation of Li2-xHxSnO3, depends on the sintering condition of the Li2MO3 precursors. For Li2SnO3 annealed at 700 oC the extent of the exchange of Li ions for hydrogen (x) is about 1.8, whereas for precursors annealed at 900-1100 oC the exchange x is ≤ 0.3 [5]. In order to clear out the origin of this difference in Li exchange, a structural investigation of Li2SnO3 has been carried out.


The analysis of scientific and technical literature indicates the responsibility of joints of prefabricated elements of buildings for structural safety and reliability under the influence of static loads. According to numerous publications by domestic and foreign authors, in frame buildings, the first signs of destruction appear at the joints of elements due to stress concentration. It is possible that at the operation stage the joints will not meet the requirements of reliability and durability due to a number of reasons: the effect of non-design loads, the presence of defects in the manufacture of the joint and installation (non-design reinforcement, cracks in concrete, incomplete filling of joints, etc.). Therefore, ensuring the structural safety of the building and operational suitability by strengthening joints at minimum cost is an urgent task.


By analyzing the present situation of noise pollution and development of urban traffic,countermeasures to control noise pollution from traffic effectively are put forward.


A novel GPC calculation method has been developed for characterizing star-shaped styrene–butadiene block copolymers (SBS). This method enables us to determine the degree of branching (number of arms per molecule) of the synthesized polymer without the need of a priori measurement of the true molecular weights of the SBS star polymer and its linear polymeric arm. To illustrate the simplicity of this method, nearly monodispersed three-arm and four-arm model star polymers have been purposely synthesized by linking living diblock polymeric arms of the polystyrene-block-polybutadiene type with silicon tetrachloride as the multifunctional linking agent. The good agreement between the degree of branching calculated from the GPC chromatogram and that actually measured by MALL (multiple angle laser light scattering) has corroborated the validity of the calculation method. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3393–3401, 1997


By the fluid dynamics theory analysis of the sealing interface, the importance of sealing contact pressure research for sealing performance is discussed. By experiments and data analysis for nitrile rubber buna and polyurethane, Mooney–Rivlin model parameters of two materials are obtained. By the finite element analysis of bud-shaped composite sealing ring under different pressures and secondary analysis, sealing contact pressure distribution curve of finite element analysis has been obtained. Sealing experimental apparatus is designed and assembled. The contact pressure distribution curve and three-dimensional pressure distribution field are obtained using the pressure-sensitive film. The results from finite element analysis and experiment are consistent with the conclusion of fluid dynamics theory analysis. The research content and design have great significance for sealing mechanism study.


Topological transition of the iso-frequency contour (IFC) from a closed ellipsoid to an open hyperboloid, will provide unique capabilities for controlling the propagation of light. However, the ability to actively tune these effects remains elusive and the related experimental observations are highly desirable. Here, tunable electric IFC in periodic structure which is composed of graphene/dielectric multilayers is investigated by tuning the chemical potential of graphene layer. Specially, we present the actively controlled transportation in two kinds of anisotropic zero-index media containing PEC/PMC impurities. At last, by adding variable capacitance diodes into two-dimensional transmission-line system, we present the experimental demonstration of the actively controlled magnetic topological transition of dispersion based on electrically controllable metamaterials. With the increase of voltage, we measure the different emission patterns from a point source inside the structure and observe the phase-transition process of IFCs. The realization of actively tuned topological transition will opens up a new avenue in the dynamical control of metamaterials.


For latest automotive industry, it is important of quickly develop new product according to variable demand. For reducing a term of new product development, it is required to use virtual engineering at an early development stage. Especially, the durability life prediction technique has a very important role to optimize the chassis components and vehicle structures.
In the paper, as a exemplary application, the wheel suspension control arm was analyzed and optimized on the aspect of weight reduction and durability performance improvement based on virtual testing w.r,t the accelerated durability test technique.


The surface energy has been one of the topics of atomistic research for nanoparticles in the last decades. However, the physical role of surface stress and its quantification have been a lot less an object of research. Assumptions for the surface stress, going back to the thermodynamic basis of continua, have been popular. As an example the surface stress (state) follows as derivatives of the surface energy with a rather "classical" evolution equation for the deformation energy. The current concept introduces a combination of atomistic modelling and continuum mechanics for a core-shell system. Considering crystalline gold nanoparticles with radii in the range of 1nm to 9 nm, a unique equation can be derived for the surface stress.


Qualitative researchers are often advised to use their emotional responses to data, and participants' experiences are understood through those of researchers', how this process unfolds is less clear. This article is about the role of feelings for the qualitative researcher at different stages of the process and offers strategies for working through, 'using' and 'feeling together with' participants' reflections on lived experiences. I interviewed nine African and Caribbean heritage British women about their experiences of violence and abuse where one described feeling 'like a minority . . . a pathology'. This article describes my responses to experiences of racialised and gendered intrusion in interviews, later reflection and analytic work. The article brings recognition to a stigmatised and hidden process within qualitative interviews and data interpretation. This serves to amplify the impact of injustice and adverse experiences for participants, and researchers, and to a wider audience, and to validate its existence and emotional burden as a legitimate and crucial stage of qualitative data analysis.


In my dissertation, I investigate the social speaker characteristics: warmth and competence. I refer to them as the global aspects of social perception and analyse them in synthetic speech. Specifically, I hypothesize two things: (a) there are certain vocal cues responsible for evoking these characteristics and (b) it is feasible to incorporate these characteristics in the present day speech generation mechanisms. To validate my hypotheses, I propose a two stage framework: In the first stage, I perform extensive subjective evaluations in the form of listening tests to identify which synthetic voices demonstrate characteristics of warmth and competence. I also perform analysis on the voices to identify the vocal cues corresponding to these characteristics. In the second stage of my dissertation, I propose to incorporate the identified vocal cues into the speech generation mechanism. Employing two target application scenarios Customer Service and Health care, I propose to show that incorporating social speaker characteristics can not only improve user satisfaction but also user trust.


The role of data mining is to search "the space of candidate hypotheses" to offer solutions, whereas the role of statistics is to validate the hypotheses offered by the data‐mining process. In this paper we propose Association Rules Networks (ARNs) as a structure for synthesizing, pruning, and analyzing a collection of association rules to construct candidate hypotheses. From a knowledge discovery perspective, ARNs allow for a goal‐centric, context‐driven analysis of the output of association rules algorithms. From a mathematical perspective, ARNs are instances of backward‐directed hypergraphs. Using two extensive case studies, we show how ARNs and statistical theory can be combined to generate and test hypotheses. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 260‐279, 2009


Objective:To determine the viral myocarditis(VMC) serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) of the levels and concentrations of TNF-α,observe in their role of viral myocarditis, and their relationship further to the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis, development and therapy.Methods:30 cases of children with acute viral myocarditis, while 30 cases of healthy children were selected as the control group.Used flow cytometry and radioimmunoassay in children with viral and control of serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels and its TNF-α concentrations were compared and analyzed.Re-sults:The viral serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels and its concentration of TNF-α were elevated.Conclu-sion:IGF-1 and TNF-α involved in the pathogenesis of VMC, VMC acute dynamic detection and analysis of serum IGF-1 and TNF-α levels, facilitate the pathogenesis of VMC to further clarify and determine the development and transfer VMC return;for VMC applications IGF-1 and its receptor agonists clinical VMC provides a new research direction.


Based on 3D potential theory and non-linear time domain coupled analysis,the effects of incident angle of the cable,number of the cable,length of the cable on hydrodynamic performance of FPSO in West African sea area where swell exists with wind-sea in different direction were investigated.It can be concluded that number of the cable and length of the cable have great influence on the hydrodynamic performance.It offered an important reference to the design of FPSO mooring system in West African area.


This invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed incinerating system which uses wet oil shale semicoke as fuel. Two stages of semicoke driers are connected in series at the end part of circulating fluidized bed boiler. Wet oil shale semicoke, which is discharged from oil shale retorting device, is dried by the heat of the smoke and waste ash of circulating fluidized bed boiler end part. After crushing and sieving, the generated dry semicoke is carried to circulating fluidized bed boiler for combusting through feeding machine. The generated high temperature smoke gas heats the heating surface of circulating fluidized bed boiler. The generated high temperature and pressure vapor enters into steam turbine-power generating machine system to generated electricity and supply heat. The waste ash of circulating fluidized bed is cooled and then carried into ash silo with flying ash. This invention is clean and high efficient.


In recent years, in addition to socio-economic problems, problems such as global climate change, inefficient use of limited resources and poverty occupy an important place in the global agenda of countries and international organizations. A solution to these problems is sought through the concepts of "sustainable development" and "green economy". In fact, the complementary approach of sustainable development and green economy are concepts that cover not only the economy, but also every aspect of our lives. In this context, the main purpose of this article is to explore the concept of green economy within the framework of sustainable development.


Tao et al.1 have described an interaction between elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and APOE ε4 burden in data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). They concluded that "CRP released during peripheral inflammation could be a mediator in APOE ε4–related AD neurodegeneration and serve as a drug target for AD."1 We demonstrated CRP's mediation in data from the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC), a larger, ethnically diverse, and similarly well-characterized cohort, in 2017.2 The TARCC measures blood-based protein biomarkers in serum by the same methodology and vendor as the ADNI. In our paper, we tested N = 120 serum proteins, and only CRP had an unequivocal mediation effect on the association of APOE with prospectively measured and highly adjusted dementia severity.


Embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array (eWLB) is one of the most advantageous packaging technologies with respect to higher I/O density, process easiness, integration flexibilities and electrical performance. When it comes to high-frequency (HF), the latter has to be considered particularly. The Quad Flat no Leads Package (VQFN) has often been the choice due to good HF-performance. We present the comparison of the two package technologies eWLB and VQFN. In this paper we present an optimized 24 GHz chip-package-board transition. We compare the performance of an eWLB package to a VQFN package. We focus on a single-ended transition. We obtain a simulated insertion loss better than −0.5 dB in eWLB compared to −1.5 dB in VQFN. In this contribution we show the outstanding potential of the eWLB package for mm-wave applications.


OBJECTIVE:To explore the risk factors of gastric cancer in Baise city,provide a scientific basis for the prevention of gastric cancer of the locals.METHODS:Totally 667new confirmed cases of gastric cancer from January 1st, 2008to December 31th,2011were chosen as the observation group,and they were matched as 1∶1with local healthy residents according to their gender,age(±5years)and residence as the control group.Adopting questionnaires to obtain related data,and single-factor and multi-factor analysis were performed by conditional logistic regression model.RESULTS: Single-factor analysis showed that local gastric cancer was closely related to educational level,career,residential village, families' economic conditions,water scarcity(without running water,groundwater and rivers),smoking,irregular diet, fried food,high-salt taste,physical activities,premorbid psychological depression,gastric ulcer and Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection(P0.05).The above single-factor analysis which had significant factors were conducted by stepwise forwards multiple-factor analysis method:Hpinfection,high-salt taste,water scarcity,irregular diet,smoking,and history of gastric ulcer disease were risk factors for gastric cancer.CONCLUSION:Hpinfection,history of gastric ulcer,water scarcity,smoking,irregular diet and living habits are closely related to gastric cancer of Baise residents.


Aims Studies have been done to suggest an increased risk of mortality in patients with mental illness, from cardiovascular diseases. This may be a result of factors ranging from lifestyle choices in the patient group, access to health-care facilities, side-effects of antipsychotic use etc. As a suitable predictor of cardiovascular risk, this audit reviews and attempts to improve the management of cholesterol levels in this patient group based on local trust guidelines. Methods 116 and 120 patients from general adult psychiatry wards were included in two cycles of the audit respectively. Blood results, discharge letters were obtained from the Clinical portal database; drug prescriptions from the 'Hospital Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration (HEPMA)' database. As per local trust guidelines, it was verified if 'ASSIGN' (indicator of cardiovascular risk developed in Scotland) scores were calculated and a statin was prescribed accordingly, lifestyle modification advice provided or blood results communicated to GP in the discharge letter. An email with a flyer was distributed among doctors with trust guidelines, as intervention after the first cycle of the audit, and the results were presented in internal teaching. This was followed by a reaudit in a few months. Results In the first cycle, 85 out of 116 patients had a lipid profile done on admission out of which 29 had abnormal levels without a prescription of statin. 6 patients had their abnormal lipid results mentioned in their discharge letter in the absence of an ASSIGN score calculation or lifestyle modification advice. In the second cycle, it was noted that only 35 patients out of 120 had a lipid profile done on admission and a total of 12 patients had abnormal lipid results without a statin prescription. Only 1 patient had their ASSIGN score calculated and 7 patients had their abnormal lipid results documented to the GP. Conclusion Unfortunately, considering both cycles of the audit, only a minority of patients had been managed in accordance with trust guidelines and no significant improvement was noted in the results of the reaudit. The importance of efficient management of cholesterol can be highlighted in a relevant forum and any barriers to change in practice may be explored. QRISK3, an alternative to ASSIGN may be suggested, which includes factors like severe mental illness and atypical antipsychotic use.


Instead of asymmetric molecular substitution, we investigate the molecular rectification originating from asymmetrical electrode−molecule contacts using density functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. In the porphyrin-based molecular junction, we employ an additional thiol group on the left side to enhance the electronic coupling. The transportation of these contact-asymmetrical junctions shows obvious rectification, implying that the asymmetrical interface modification is feasible in the design of molecular diodes. The theoretical calculations show that the rectification ratio is about 2.6 in the large bias range from 0.6 to 1.2 V. We give an interpretation using the alignment of the molecular orbital levels to the biased electrodes in the metal−molecule−metal junction. This highlights the fact that contact asymmetry is a significant factor to be considered when evaluating nanoelectrical junctions incorporating single molecules.


In the ROSAT Bright Survey (RBS) we have almost completely optically identified the brightest ~2000 high-galactic latitude sources from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS). A small number of sources has empty X-ray error circles on optical images. ROSAT HRI follow-up observations of RBS1223 (=1RXS J130848.6+212708), a soft object with extreme X-ray to optical flux ratio, have confirmed a relatively bright X-ray source, whose position could be determined to an accuracy of 1.6 arcsec (90%) due to the presence of a nearby, X-ray detected bright star. Deep Keck R- and B-band images of the field were taken, but the refined X-ray error circle remains empty to a limiting magnitude B ~ 26m. With an X-ray to optical flux ratio of log (f_X/f_opt)>4.1 this object is almost certainly an isolated neutron star, similar to the two so far best-known examples RX J1856.4-3754 and RX J0720.4-3125. We discuss limits on the number of similar objects in the RBS catalogue.


1. Background Malaria is a chronic, invalid-producing disease which does not directly kill more than 1 or 2 per-cent of its victims, although it is often a major cause of infant mortality. The disease results in increasing the number of deaths from other causes and it reduces life expectancy, except in epidemic times, it is insidious rather than dramatic. Nevertheless over centuries, malaria has had a profound influence on thousands of communities throughout the world. But there is ample testimony to the fact that malaria has been one of the great scourges of humanity because of its deleterious stunting of physical and mental development, its notorious restricting of social and national growth, and its blighting of agriculture, commerce and industry 1 . At present, about 100 countries or territories in the world are considered malarious, almost half of which are in Africa, south of the Sahara. Although this number is considerably less than it was in the mid-1950s (140 countries or territories), more than 2400 million of the world's population are still at risk. The incidence of malaria worldwide is estimated to be 300 - 500 million clinical cases each year, with about 90% of these occurring in Africa, south of the Sahara - mostly caused by P.falciparum. Malaria is thought to kill between 1.1. and 2.7 million people worldwide each year, of whom about 1 million are children under the age of 5 years in Africa, south of the Sahara. These childhood deaths, resulting mainly from cerebral malaria and anemia, constitute nearly 25% of child mortality in Africa. Fatality rates of 10 - 30% have been reported among children referred to hospital with severe malaria, although these rates are even higher in rural and remote areas where patients have restricted access to adequate treatment. Deaths from malaria in countries outside Africa, south of the Sahara, occur principally in non-immune people who become infected with P.falciparum in areas where diagnosis and treatment are not available 2 .


Mixing equipment must be designed for mechanical and process operation. Although mixer design begins with a focus on process requirements, the mechanical design is essential for successful operation. Usually, a competent manufacturer of mixing equipment will take responsibility for the mechanical design. However, process conditions, such as impeller operation near a liquid surface, can impose severe mechanical loads. Similarly, the process environment will influence the selection of a motor enclosure. In many ways the process requirements can have a direct impact on the mechanical design. In other ways, such as the natural frequency of a mixer shaft, appropriate mechanical design must be determined by the equipment designer. Whatever the reason, knowledge of the mechanical requirements for a mixer will help guide the engineer toward a design that will meet both process and mechanical criteria. The purpose of this chapter is to provide practical information about the mechanical design of mixing equipment. Therefore, descriptions, equations, and nomenclature will be given in both U.S. engineering units and metric units. Descriptions and equations using U.S. engineering units will follow common industrial practices used in the United States with design information for materials measured in inches and motors specified in horsepower. Descriptions using


In her Year of Wonders: A Novel of the Plague (2001), Geraldine Brooks offers important insights on quarantine, of which the COVID-19 generation desperately needs lessons. There is very little about COVID-19 that is unprecedented, and Brooks shows consonances between COVID-19 experiences on the one hand and events that happened three and a half centuries ago on the other. These are things that could as easily have happened this week as I write, things that demand recognition or risk repetition. As with much quarantine literature, one of the things Year of Wonders reveals is that there is little about the COVID-19 pandemic that is new, with the exception of its truly global nature. The 2020 fascination with the seemingly unprecedented nature of COVID-19 produced misleading and untrue evaluations of our historical experience with viruses. Indeed, a great deal of what the world is facing during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is well within our repertoire of experiences. Despite the fact that quarantine is something that humanity has experienced many times, even before having firm understandings of the microbial mechanisms that underpin the transmission of viruses, quarantine was a part of these experiences, and resistance to quarantine has seemed as predictable as sunrises. To it is useful to understand long and complicated relationship with disease, plagues, pandemics, and viruses. South Korea's Sungkyunkwan University Professor disease notes years: language of quarantine emphasized the need to safeguard national boundaries against the penetration of communicable diseases conceived as foreign imports carried in by sailors, travelers, and especially immigrants. But quarantines could not address the problem of the healthy carrier already within the borders and the microbes that were everywhere. (122) in a world has become compressed by the movements of immigrants, laborers, refugees, tourists, and a transnational business is only interfaces and encounters between different and cultural groups dramatically proliferate but also interfaces and encounters between and able'


This paper describes a modeling framework for urban system operations including explicit consideration of energy and emission criteria. The framework is based on the interplay between user-optimization (the user's objective) and system-optimization (the manager's objective) and indicates the potential of providing an analytical tool for urban system management decision-making.


The total electric power capacity in China amounted to 182.92 GW by the end of 1993. New power capacity commissioned in 1993 was 16.4 GW, up 9.9 percent from the previous year. The annual electricity generation was 836.4 TWh in 1993 in China, up 10.9 percent from the previous year. In spite of the rapid growth rate in the electric power industry, the growth rate of China's national economy maintained even higher growth in the past several years. This resulted in an acute power shortage in the whole country. The shortage is estimated at 12 GW to 15 GW, and this is not likely to be alleviated in the near future.


Against the background of current discussions on the conceptual framework of institutional researches, the topic on the necessity of significant changes in the approach itself is becoming increasingly relevant. In this regard, it may be useful to refer to the world-system analysis, but accustomed to the industrial economics. As in the case of the world-system analysis, which implies that national states are not societies with separate, parallel histories, but represent parts of a whole, reflecting this whole, it is also appropriate to consider elements of the microeconomics in their economic and historical interaction and interdependence in the framework of industrial economics.Due to the abovementioned, the objective of the paper is to summarize the development of business structures of industrial economics in the light of the world-system analysis' ideas.To achieve this goal, next tools and methods were used: microcosm-system analysis.Results and conclusions. The analysis of the historical development of business structures in the international coal industry and the coal engineering sector as mini-systems, microcosm-economies and microcosm-empires is carried out. The effects of interaction between coal mining structures and enterprises, supplying equipment to them in countries with unprofitable and cost-effective coal mining, are shown. The tendency of multinational microcosm-empires' expansion and the spread of alliances of microcosm-economies (microcosm-empires) were revealed.