Acquired hemophilia (AH) is a rare disease characterized by the production of antibodies directed against blood coagulation fVIII leading to coagulation disorders due to lowering of its activity. These are mostly the IgG class of antibodies which does not fixate the complement (IgG1 and IgG4 class) against A2 or C2 domains of fVIII which are responsible for its activity. The incidence of AH is 1.3–1.5 cases per 1 000 000 population per year and may affect both women and men [1]. Acquired hemophilia may be a primary disease or occur in the course of malignant diseases (e.g. prostate and lung cancer, lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative syndromes), autoimmune diseases, during drug therapy (e.g. penicillin, sulfonamides, phenytoin, chloramphenicol, methyldopa, fludarabine and interferon) and pregnancy and puerperium. There were reported cases of AH in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, giant cell arteritis and polymyositis. In around 50% of cases the exact cause is unknown [2, 3]. Acquired hemophilia can occur at any age and is characterized by hemorrhagic diathesis caused by bleeding into soft tissues, skin and mucosa. Other symptoms include large areas of ecchymoses, hematomas under the skin, nosebleed, hemoptysis, vaginal, urinal, gastrointestinal and retroperitoneal bleeding. In contrast to congenital hemophilia, hemarthroses are rare [2]. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), which is not corrected by infusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and prothrombin time (PT) within normal range. Acquired hemophilia is usually characterized by a severe course of the disease and a high mortality rate [4, 5].


The ATP-releasing channel Panx1 is specifically involved in blood pressure regulation by adrenergic signaling. Regulating blood pressure with ATP Blood pressure is dynamically regulated to enable rapid responses to changes in position and physical or emotional stress, such as exercise or anger and fear. Many signals that activate G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs) control vascular tone, including norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) released by the sympathetic nervous system, which increases blood pressure. Billaud et al. report that the α1 adrenoreceptor (α1AR)—but not the endothelin-1 or serotonin receptor, which are also Gαq-coupled GPCRs and stimulate vasoconstriction—is specifically coupled to activation of the ATP (adenosine 5′-triphosphate)–releasing channel pannexin1 (Panx1). Mice lacking Panx1 in smooth muscle cells were hypotensive, specifically during their active period of the day. Isolated arteries from these mice did not release ATP and contracted less in response to adrenoreceptor stimulation. Thus, ATP release through Panx1 channels specifically contributes to blood pressure regulation by the sympathetic nervous system. Both purinergic signaling through nucleotides such as ATP (adenosine 5′-triphosphate) and noradrenergic signaling through molecules such as norepinephrine regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. Pannexin1 (Panx1), which forms large-pore, ATP-releasing channels, is present in vascular smooth muscle cells in peripheral blood vessels and participates in noradrenergic responses. Using pharmacological approaches and mice conditionally lacking Panx1 in smooth muscle cells, we found that Panx1 contributed to vasoconstriction mediated by the α1 adrenoreceptor (α1AR), whereas vasoconstriction in response to serotonin or endothelin-1 was independent of Panx1. Analysis of the Panx1-deficient mice showed that Panx1 contributed to blood pressure regulation especially during the night cycle when sympathetic nervous activity is highest. Using mimetic peptides and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a specific amino acid sequence in the Panx1 intracellular loop that is essential for activation by α1AR signaling. Collectively, these data describe a specific link between noradrenergic and purinergic signaling in blood pressure homeostasis.


In recent years, due to the network virus, hacker is rampant which is a great threat to network security. This paper use features of the satellite modem construction the unidirectional physical transmission channel which has the error correcting capability, And on this basis, Through the establishment of the software transmission channel, the paper realizes the one-way transmission of the file data, And at same time through the development of appropriate security transmission mechanism, Solved the integrity and reliability of the transmitted file data in the unidirectional transmission environment, realization the Information from the public network transmit to confidential network and also prevents the secret network information leak to the public network.


Prof Andre Wessels, the author of The Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902 states that even though a large number of publications dealing with various aspects of the Anglo-Boer War have appeared, certain terrains remain unresearched. This publication makes a positive contribution to one such aspect, namely the role played by non-whites during the war. Traditionally, the Anglo-Boer War is viewed as a white man's war, but in reality it involved and affected all the different population groups in South Africa.


Atmospheric plasma treatment can modify fabric surfaces without affecting their bulk properties. One recently developed, novel variant combines both plasma and UV laser energy sources as a means of energising fibre surfaces. Using this system, the two most commonly used fibres, cotton and polyester, have been studied to assess how respective fabric surfaces were influenced by plasma power dosage, atmosphere composition and the effects of the presence or absence of UV laser (308 nm XeCl) energy. Plasma/UV exposures caused physical and chemical changes on both fabric surfaces, which were characterised using a number of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), radical scavenging (using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)), thermal analysis (TGA/DTG, DSC and DMA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Other properties studied included wettability and dye uptake. Intermediate radical formation, influenced by plasma power and presence or absence of UV, was key in determining surface changes, especially in the presence of low concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide (20%) mixed with either nitrogen or argon. Increased dyeability with methylene blue indicated the formation of carboxyl groups in both exposed cotton and polyester fabrics. In the case of polyester, thermal analysis suggested increased cross-linking had occurred under all conditions.


The present investigation was carried out in the cattle program of the Experimental Farm "La Maria" FCP-UTEQ, located at kilometer 7.5 of the Quevedo - El Empalme road; Entrance to the canton Mocache, province of Los Rios. Its geographical location is 01 ° 3'18 '' South latitude and 79 ° 29'23 '' West longitude, at a height of 77.60 meters above sea level. The practical work began on September 26 of the two thousand sixteen and ended on January 6, two thousand eighteen, the objectives were as follows: To determine the best combination of urea and molasses for milk production in gyrholando mestizo cows. Obtain the treatment that presents the best physicochemical composition of milk in gyrholando mestizo cows with levels of urea and molasses with mulberry and moringa supplementation. To achieve economic analysis. Four Gyrholando cows were used, a 4 x 4 Latin square was applied, differences between means were established using the Tukey test (P≤0.05). The field work was carried out by carrying out the planned work in the bovine stock. The variables measured were: milk production, physical-chemical analysis of milk, weight gain, food consumption and economic analysis. In terms of milk production, the most important was the treatment with grazing + Urea 20 g and 1 liter of molasses + 2 liters of water + 10 kg of mulberry + 10 kg of moringa with 8.8 liters of cows ¹ day ¯¹ in the fourth evaluation period. The physical-chemical composition of the milk did not report statistical differences (P≤0.05) in any of its treatments. In the weight gain, statistical differences between the treatments were found (P≤0.05), the best treatment was Pasture + Urea 10 g and ½ liter of molasses + 1 liter of water + 10 kg of mulberry + 10 kg of moringa with 285.7 grams / animal / day. Food intake was total in all treatments. According to the economic analysis the treatment Grazing + Urea 10 g and ½ liter of molasses + 1 liter of water + 10 kg of mulberry + 10 kg of moringa presents the highest income in relation to profit and cost with $ 0.26 and the lowest income Was the treatment Grazing + Urea 40 g and 2 liter of molasses + 4 liter of water) + 10 kg of mulberry + 10 kg of moringa with $ 0.01.


Kyung Won Kang, Young Hwan Choi, Kwang Ho Kim and Yoo Yong Kim*School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National UniversityABSTRACTThis study was conducted to compare the aspects of behavior between miniature pigs and conventional sows during gestation and lactation periods. Miniature pigs and conventional sows at 3 parity were used in this experiment with 4 pigs per treatment. The behavioral patterns and stereotyped behaviors were observed on day 60 and 90 of gestation, at farrowing, and on day 10 of lactation before and after the feeding. On 60 and 90 days of pregnancy, both treatments showed the tendency of frequent lateral lying rather than other postures. On ventral lying, eating and drinking, miniature pigs spent more time than conventional pigs at day 90 of gestation(P<0.01, P=0.0539, P<0.05, respectively). The occurrence of stereotyped behaviors included bar biting and bar mouth chewing. At 90 day of pregnancy was observed, conventional pigs was higher than miniature pigs(P<0.05). At farrowing, miniature pigs spent more time on ventral lying, standing and walking than conventional sows(P<0.05), however, there were more frequency of drinking and eating. And on day 10 of lactation, there was no significant difference in stereotyped behaviors between miniature pigs and conventional sows. In conclusion, miniature pigs were generally more sensitive than conventional sows although sows were reared in stall during gestation and lactation period and the behavioral pattern during lactating period showed the similarity between miniature pigs and conventional sows for protection of nursing pigs. In consideration of the general reproductive performance of conventional sows, the high sensitivity and stress of miniature pigs did not affect the reproductive performance of miniature pigs.(Key words :Conventional sows, Miniature pig, Behavior pattern, Stereotyped behavior)


This paper analyses the framing and expression of French high school students' aspirations. It sheds new light on the inequalities in tracking between academic versus technological and vocational track. Through the analysis of a national survey and a corpus of cover letters written by applicants for a sociology degree, it shows that, due to the lack of means, teachers mainly have two types of guidance support strategies.Teachers use to target and concentrate their supporting on ``good students'' in vocational tracks, while, in academic tracks, they delegate some steps of the tracking procedures to families. These different strategies have effects on the way high school students internalise school prescriptions and restitute them in cover letters. Through the close support they benefit from teachers, ``good students'' in vocational tracks strongly internalise the instructions and their place in the school hierarchy. In academic tracks, students' expression of the aspirations is much more dependent of their familial capital.


PurposeThe aim is to report the incidence and risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy after the use of iodine-based contrast for the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.MethodsData...


We report the discovery of a bright (H = 12.77) brown dwarf designated SIMP J013656.5+093347. The discovery was made as part of a near-infrared proper-motion survey, SIMP (Sondage Infrarouge de Mouvement Propre), which uses proper motion and near-infrared/optical photometry to identify brown dwarf candidates. A low-resolution (λ/Δλ ~ 40) spectrum of this brown dwarf covering the 0.88-2.35 μm wavelength interval is presented. Analysis of the spectrum indicates a spectral type of T2.5 ± 0.5. A photometric distance of 6.4 ± 0.3 pc is estimated, assuming it is a single object. Current observations rule out a binary of mass ratio ~1 and separation ≳5 AU. SIMP J013656.5+093347 is the brightest T dwarf in the northern hemisphere and is surpassed only by ε Indi Bab over the whole sky. It is thus an excellent candidate for detailed studies and should become a benchmark object for the early T spectral class.


This paper discusses the usage of several creep models in combination with ANSYS finite element analysis software to predict stressstrain state kinetics and to characterise the stress rupture of turbine components in the case of limited experimental creep data. The original numerical method is used to obtain creep information beyond the limits of the testing conditions. The predictions are compared with experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.


Satellites' rendezvous and docking is a challenging problem for space exploitation. Saving time, fuel, or any other resource, expressed for example as a combination of the two previous ones, is not a straightforward task if onboard calculation is required to make the control autonomous. A direct method for a rapid generation of near-optimal trajectories of proximity maneuvers onboard a flying vehicle (required to dock a target one), with predetermined thrust history along a master direction, is presented. The new direct method, already implemented and tested onboard for the case of a real aircraft by one of the authors, is based on three concepts: high-order polynomials from the virtual arc as reference functions for the spatial coordinates, preset sequence of a master control, reduction of the optimization problem to the determination of a small set of parameters. By doing this the remaining controls act as slaves, guarantying the chaser to move along the desired path. The master thrust has an on-off structure. Seeking of the optimum strategy is transformed to an nonlinear programming problem, then numerically solved through an ad hoc algorithm in accelerated time scale. Examples are reported in order to prove the rapidness of the approach to generate a sub-optimal docking trajectory. Abbreviations and Acronyms DMRP = direct method for rapid prototyping LVLH = local vertical local horizontal NLP = nonlinear programming OP = optimization parameter PMP = Pontryagin maximum principle


Ameliorating the range anxiety to propel the disparaged electric vehicle (EV) market necessitates an adequate charging infrastructure. But, the high initial installation cost, requirement of suitable places and the anticipated immense load on the grid during peak time hinder to elongate the charging station network, especially in urban areas. As a consequence, the bidirectional energy transferring capability between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) may act as an auxiliary solution to charge an EV at any place and at any time without leaning on a permanent charging infrastructure. Here in this work, we assume a company having a number of V2V enabled charging trucks equipped with a larger battery and a fast charger to charge a number of EVs at some particular parking lots. The company intends to maximize the served number EVs, when an EV should be considered as served if it would be fully charged during its declared charging window. All the charging requests are assumed to be received before the time horizon and we also consider that all trucks should return to the depot after serving EVs. We formulate an integer linear program (ILP) to maximize the number of served EVs by determining the optimal trajectory of each truck. The problem is formally proved as NP-hard and due to its larger computational time, we also propose three different heuristic algorithms: 1) Strictest Window Shortest Path First (SWSPF), 2) Smallest Demand Shortest Path First (SDSPF) and 3) Earliest Arrival Shortest Path First (EASPF). The performance of these three algorithms are examined in detail and finally, SDSPF shows the better performance and its performance is closer to the optimal solution.


Several previous manuscripts have identified an opportunity to create a positive-sum outcome for fresh water development and use by the five riparians of the Jordan River basin, in which all parties would receive enhanced resources concurrently, over time. This relies on the development of 'new water' coupled to the more efficient use of the existing water supplies. The application of the trans-boundary waters opportunity analysis in this study shows that the five riparians possess a major opportunity for regional economic development, coupled to protection against the possible negative effects of climate change. However, entrenched mindsets and historical competition over the existing water resources represent formidable barriers to more enlightened regional water management, and the riparians are presently at a crossroads as to whether conflict or cooperation will result in the future.


In the past decades, the life course perspective and the vulnerability framework have grown in popularity to study how risks spread across people lives. Such studies involve complex longitudinal and network data as well as specific analysis methods. This thesis aims to help the social scientist in managing and analyzing such data. To support the provided methodological contributions, the thesis starts by setting a conceptual model of the diffusion of vulnerability along the life course. Then, the thesis develops several complementary strategies for exploring the set of vulnerability descriptive variables with the aim to identify interaction effects, such as when the gender effect depends on the age. The strategies rely on classification trees and specifically focus on unexpected interaction effects and data imbalance. In an illustrative application focusing on vulnerability to poverty, the proposed methods successfully achieved to identify an unexpected interaction effect between ego's and father's educational resources on ego's unemployment. Several of the contributions are made available to the scientific community through a series of R packages.


In global economic development at present, companies that have opportunities and challenges of being very competitive within reach consumers, so that the necessary planning and marketing strategies are appropriate. Focused on economic growth and development both locally, regionally and globally will undoubtedly affect the market conditions and consumer purchasing power, level of need and so forth. So the role of promotion in marketing products urgently needed items, so the company can market or sell the goods they are marketed. Along with these authors observe and analyze, influence and role of promotional strategy by PT Global Cross-Media Bogor Ekalosari on sales results, by using correlation analysis and calculation coofisien percentage of determination to get results from the impact of promotions on sales


With aging there is a gradual decline in normal HSC function, which is accompanied by an increased risk for the development of hematological malignancies. While a lot of work has been done in mice to understand this functional decline, less is known about human HSC biology with aging. We recently reported that KLF6, a Krüpper-like transcription factor, is one of the top genes downregulated with aging in human Lin-CD34+CD38- cells, and that this downregulation correlates with loss of H3K27ac at several KLF6 upstream putative enhancer regions. Therefore, we hypothesized that age-acquired epigenetic deregulation at the KLF6 locus resulting in loss of expression may be implicated in age-related HSC dysfunction and increased risk of malignant transformation. In order to test this, we isolated CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from healthy individuals and performed CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing and transcriptional activation of the KLF6 locus. KLF6-deficient cells were evaluated in terms of their function by colony-forming potential, in vitro differentiation, and hematopoietic reconstitution in immunocompromised mice.
 Myeloid and erythroid in vitro differentiation assays in liquid culture revealed that KLF6 knock-out (KO) in healthy, young HSPC results in persistent CD34+ expression (n=5, p<0.01) and strong reduction of the CD11b, CD15 and CD33 myeloid markers (n=5, p<0.05 for all markers), and the CD71 and CD235a erythroid markers (n=5, p<0.05 for both markers), indicating that loss of KLF6 leads to a block in the differentiation programs of HSPCs. Moreover, KLF6 KO cells plated on methylcellulose exhibited an increase in the total number of colonies (n=5, p=0.02) with a strong increase in the formation of granulocyte-monocyte colonies (n=5, p=0.014) as well as an increase in erythroid burst-forming units (n=5, p=0.034), indicating increased progenitor potential in these cells. Importantly, CRISPR targeting of the nearest putative enhancer to the KLF6 locus (-25kb), which resulted in >75% downregulation of the KLF6 transcript, recapitulated the differentiation block and colony-forming phenotypes. Next, in order to define if KLF6 genomic inactivation results in an expression profile similar to that observed in healthy aged donors, we performed RNA-seq analysis. This confirmed that in young CD34+ cells both targeting KLF6 and its putative enhancer, results in gene expression signature enriched not only for our previously reported human aging HSC signature (GSEA NES=1.25 & FDR<0.01 for genes up with aging and NES=-1.17 and FDR<0.1 for genes down with aging), but also for several leukemia-associated gene signatures. Next, we sought to determine if re-expression of KLF6 in aged CD34+ cells could reverse the aging phenotype. KLF6 induction in these cells using a dCas9-VP64 fusion system led to a decrease in their myeloid differentiation potential, compared to unmanipulated and non-targeting control (NTC). This decrease in the in vitro myeloid output brought aged CD34+ cells to a behavior closer to their younger counterpart controls. Finally, to determine the impact that KLF6 inactivation may have in the hematopoietic system in vivo, we engrafted KLF6 knock-out (KO) (n=7) and NTC (n=7) cells into immunodeficient NSGS recipients. Analysis of KLF6 KO recipients revealed an increased myeloid output in peripheral blood compared to NTC (weeks 8 to 14), which was accompanied by a decrease in lymphoid output. Moreover, analysis of the bone marrow composition at week 14 showed increased frequency of CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ HSC and CD34+CD38+ progenitor components (p=0.02, and p=0.04, respectively).
 In summary, our findings demonstrate that KLF6 is essential for normal in vitro and in vivo hematopoietic function, and that loss of this transcription factor recapitulates both the expression profile of aged HSC as well as several of the functional characteristics of aged hematopoiesis. These observations were further validated by the reactivation of KLF6 in aged HSPCs, which resulted in an attenuation of the aging HSPC phenotype in vitro. Finally, changes in gene expression in KLF6 KO cells indicate that it may be essential for regulation of gene expression programs involved in malignant transformation, such that age-related loss of this transcription factor may contribute to predisposition to myeloid malignancies.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The present article endeavours to analyse the use and scope of Western positivistic legal tools in the creation of the Nepali nation. It suggests a two-level analysis. First, a historical analysis of Nepal's political and legal developments is presented to investigate the rationale of using law as a social engineering and homogenising tool promoting an identifiably Nepali national identity. Second, the article focuses on the current debates concerning constitutional change in Nepal. The debates about the demise of the 1990 Constitution in 2007, and the election of a Constituent Assembly need to be investigated in the light of the growing politicisation of ethnicity in the country. The overarching demand for inclusion stems from the discontent of Nepal's ethno-linguistic, religious, and regional minorities with their historical subordination. Ultimately, the article aims to demonstrate that the Nepali experience is situated somewhere between the civic and ethnic models of nationalism Kohn enunciated.


"The 'Start-up Scheme' (§ 93, 94 SGB III) was 28 December 2011 fully converted to a discretionary power. Significant cost savings and a reduction of entrainment effects should be implemented by the changes. This paper discusses the results of the quantitative evaluation of the reformed 'Start-up-Scheme'. The development of support numbers and the associated expenditure shows that the cost saving targets associated with the reform have been achieved. While the decline is regionally very different. He tended to be highest in those employment agencies where pre-reform disproportionate funding quotas were observed. Descriptive comparisons based on telephone surveys of funded show a change in the structures of the participants before and after the amendment. After the reform, mature and educated were promoted tend to be. The proportion of women and funded from East Germany has also increased. The overall shift to a service economy can be observed also at the funded start-ups. Potential deadweight effects of the founding grant were depicted in different ways. The share of them increased after the amendment by 19.0% to 28.2% or from 7.1% to 10.3%. At the same time is the absolute importance of potential took significantly declined." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


European geopolitics has been ever been a matter of discussion for the political geographers. The geostrategic theory of Halford Mackinder has helped in organising the thoughts in a proper way. Mackinder's theory was written under a tensed environment when European nations were preparing themselves for a great conflict either to safeguard their sovereignty or to glorify their nation. The theory was changed by the author several times as European politics never stood still since 1904. This paper tries to review the great events of European history that led to even greater political rearrangements. Renaissance was the first leap towards modern Europe followed by Industrial Revolution when European nations formed colonies in Asian and African countries with an economic motive. This eventually turned into a competition giving rise to dissatisfaction, aggression and discontent which ultimately led to World War I. Germany after the first war again arranged the arena for another war. The Second World War ended by inviting Cold War by dividing the world into two blocks; one around the Soviet Union and other one was United States. Gradually, Europe divided into two parts, Western Europe allied with the United States and Eastern Europe became the devotee of USSR. From that time, USA always tried to establish a policy which directly hamper the development of Russian territory specially reference to Germany. As a result, during 1945 Germany was divided into two parts namely Western and Eastern Germany. At 1990s, Germany was reunited with the crumple of communism and a modern geopolitics was started. Germany was again the most powerful States under European Nation; consistently supports policies aimed at advancing EU-NATO cooperation. USA in 2004 tried to establish world hegemony by military intervention in Eastern Europe, USSR and Central Asia to weaken their unity which might be a threat to American supremacy. So, with the different interventions of event, a very clear notion has come that the geographical proximity of the Pivot area still exists.


Purpose : Localization using MRI is difficult due to susceptibility induced artifacts caused by metal electrodes. Here we took an advantage of the B0 pattern induced by the metal electrodes by using an oblique-view imaging method. Materials and Methods : Metal electrode models with various diameters and susceptibilities were simulated to understand the aspect of field distortion. We set localization criteria for a turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence usingconventional (90� view) and 45�oblique-view imaging method through simulation of images with various resolutions and validated the criteria usingphantom images acquired by a 3.0T clinical MRI system. For a gradient-refocused echo (GRE) sequence, which is relatively more sensitive to field inhomogeneity, we used phase images to find the center of electrode. Results : There was least field inhomogeneity along the 45�line that penetrated the center of the electrode. Therefore, our criteria for the TSE sequence with 45� obliqueview was coincided regardless of susceptibility. And with 45�oblique-view angle images, pixel shifts were bidirectional so we can detect the location of electrodes even in low resolution. For the GRE sequence, the 45�oblique-view anglemethod madethe lines where field polarity changes become coincident to the Cartesian grid so the localization of the center coordinates was more facilitated. Conclusion : We suggested the method for accurate localization of electrode using 45� oblique-view angle imaging. It is expected to be a novelmethodto monitoring an electrophysiological brain study and brain neurosurgery.


. A study of maximum and minimum temperatures of Mumbai Metropolitan Region has been carried out taking 32 years (1976-2007) data to examine the incidence of Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Two meteorological stations viz ., Colaba and Santacruz, located in Mumbai city district and Suburban district, respectively and two stations located away from city on the periphery of Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) viz ., Alibag and Dahanu have been selected. Mann-Kendall trend test has been used for detecting the significant trends in the time series of mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures of four stations. The means of seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures of four stations have been calculated and compared with the help of Independent-Samples t -test. In addition, monthly averages of maximum and minimum temperatures of Colaba (Mumbai) and Santacruz vis-à-vis two peripheral stations have been plotted graphically and compared. Also the wind rose diagrams of four stations for the period 1971-2001 have been analysed. The study reveals that during day time in winter and summer Santacruz is warmer than Alibag, Dahanu and Colaba while during night time in winter and summer Colaba is warmer than Alibag, Dahanu and Santacruz.


Recently, it has been proposed that Hubble tension can be addressed in the $\Lambda$CDM model if the lookback time approach is considered on the redshift $z$ measured. From this interesting proposal, the lookback time evolution seems to match the observational values of the current Hubble parameter $H_0$ at any $z$. In this comment, we discuss that using a lookback time approach function $H_{0}^{(z)}$, does not address the $H_0$ tension issue completely. It has been studied that the growing tension among early-time and local measurements of $H_0$ are possible concealed sources of systematic error in observations or modifications (or extensions) to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. Furthermore, we show that the age of the Universe is sensitive to both $\Omega_m$ and $H_0$ in flat $\Lambda$CDM-like cosmological models.


This technical report provides the closed-form solution describing steady state seepage conditions in an ideal unconfined aquifer having a saturated hydraulic conductivity k, sloping at an angle α, and recharged by a uniform effective infiltration N, when the unsaturated seepage above the water table is neglected. The solution is obtained from the conservation equation within the slope, a differential equation established by using the geometric properties of ground water flow, without calling for the assumptions of Dupuit or to the equation of Boussinesq. When there is no slope, this equation simplifies into the usual known equation for the case of horizontal substratum. In a case of a sloping substratum, the solution of the differential equation can take three different forms depending on the value of (k/N) tan α. The predictions of the closed-form solutions have been compared with the numerical predictions of a numerical code using the finite element method and considering the local conservation equation under its complete form, as well as the functions of capillary retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The theoretical and numerical predictions are similar to a few centimeters in the case of materials having a very small air-entry value (AEV), that are the closest materials to the ideal material of the theoretical solution. In the case of materials having more realistic properties, with an AEV of –2 kPa, the difference between the numerical solutions and the theoretical solution remains small, decreasing from about 20 cm at the top of the slope to 0 cm at the toe of the slope.


A wide variety of semiautonomous systems are emerging in construction, defense, and agricultural applications. A UWB positioning system shows promise in improving navigational capabilities and safety of operations for these systems. This paper describes an outdoor UWB positioning system used to measure the position of the operators of a semiautonomous vehicle to improve safety of operations. A measurement campaign was conducted to collect experimental range errors for the system at distances from 2 m to 40 m. The range errors are characterized and performance of the system is assessed in a static environment. A model is proposed for range errors and results are compared to experimental data. Measured position errors are compared to position errors generated by the model. A mobility model is proposed and performance of the positioning system in a mobile environment is assessed.


Background: There have been significant advances in the manage- ment of RA in recent decades with the introduction of intensive treatment strategies using a combination of DMARDs and in some cases the addition of biologics (e.g. anti-TNF drugs). Intensive treatment regimens require frequent hospital visits and a high number of medications, however, they have been shown to be effective for highly active RA and patients generally accept the burden of treatment. While intensive treatment is recommended for highly active RA, there is no consensus pathway for patients with less active RA and the acceptability of intensive treatment strategies with less severe disease is unknown. The purpose of this study is to understand the views and expectations of patients with RA receiving standard care who have DAS between 3.2 and 5.1, and of carers of these patients, on intensive treatment. Methods: This study has an exploratory qualitative design using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Two focus groups took place: involving patients with RA and involving carers of patients with RA. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face or via the telephone (with the exception of patients whose first language is not English who were all interviewed in person with the assistance of a translator). Audio recordings of focus groups and interviews were transcribed and analysed using Framework Analysis. Five main themes were identified including the nature of RA, expectations of intensive management, acceptability of intensive management, continuity of care and patient information. Results: Fourteen participants were recruited (9 patients, 5 carers). Expectations of intensive management included both psychosocial and physical factors; the most commonly cited included increased independence and reduced pain, respectively. Increased clinic appointments were regarded as advantageous to most participants as this corresponded to feeling more closely monitored. The acceptability of intensive treatment was influenced by patients' previous care and side effects experienced. For carers, how patients were


The place to which you go back to listen to the wind you heard in your childhood-that is your homeland, which is also the place where you have a grave to tend. Though I chose to live in Quebec partly because of the love for it which my mother passed on to me, now it is my turn to come back to Manitoba to tend her grave. And also to listen to the wind of my childhood. --Gabrielle Roy, The Fragile Lights of Earth


Summary

This paper explores the asymptotic distribution of the restricted maximum likelihood estimator of the variance components in a general mixed model. Restricting attention to hierarchical models, central limit theorems are obtained using elementary arguments with only mild conditions on the covariates in the fixed part of the model and without having to assume that the data are either normally or spherically symmetrically distributed. Further, the REML and maximum likelihood estimators are shown to be asymptotically equivalent in this general framework, and the asymptotic distribution of the weighted least squares estimator (based on the REML estimator) of the fixed effect parameters is derived.


This paper discusses the integration of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system for controlling the frequency of large power systems (PS). At present, the new energy storage systems (ESS) are a feasible alternative to store excess energy for substituting the primary control reserve thus improving the primary frequency control (PFC). In this way, the performance of the STATCOM controller can be enhanced with the addition of the SMES coil through a dc-dc chopper. This combination allows to greatly improve the PFC and consequently the PS security. In this study, the dynamics of active and reactive power responses of the integrated STATCOM/SMES system to power system oscillations is analyzed. This analysis is performed for the case of a tie-line tripping on a test power system by using SimPowerSystems of MATLABtrade. This paper also discusses the detailed modeling of the STATCOM based on a multi-pulse voltage source inverter composed of three-level elementary inverters, the two-quadrant multi-phase dc-dc chopper and the SMES coil. Finally a multi-level controller is presented for the integrated compensator by using concepts of instantaneous power on the synchronous-rotating d-q reference frame


In this paper, we study the problem of remote state estimation, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. An authorized user estimates the state of an unstable linear plant, based on the packets received from a sensor, while the packets may also be intercepted by the eavesdropper. Our goal is to design a coding scheme at the sensor, which encodes the state information, in order to impair the eavesdropper's estimation performance while enabling the user to successfully decode the sent messages. We introduce a novel class of codes, termed State-Secrecy Codes, which use acknowledgment signals from the user and apply linear time-varying transformations to the current and previously received states. By exploiting the properties of the system's process noise, the channel physical model, and the dynamics, these codes manage to be fast, efficient, and suitable for real-time dynamical systems. We prove that under minimal conditions, State-Secrecy Codes achieve perfect secrecy, namely the eavesdropper's minimum mean square error (mmse) grows unbounded almost surely, whereas the user's estimation performance is optimal. These conditions only require that at least once, the user receives the corresponding packet while the eavesdropper fails to intercept it. Even one occurrence of this event renders the eavesdropper's mmse unbounded with asymptotically optimal rate of increase. State-Secrecy Codes are provided and studied for two cases, first, when direct state measurements are available and second, when we only have output measurements. The theoretical results are illustrated in simulations.


Blood samples were obtained from 8 children (age range 9-30 months) with yellow pigmentation of the skin, especially their palms and soles. Ethical committee approval and informed consent were obtained before taking blood samples. These children had consumed excess of carrot, papaw and pumpkin over a period of time that varied from 4 to 17 months, beginning at 3-7 months of the age. These foods were given as often as 3 times a day. Their serum TSH levels were normal. Blood (2 ml) was extracted into hexane and analysed by HPLC for carotenoids and vitamin A [2].


Abstract It is in vain that one looks for realistic descriptions of landscapes in skaldic poetry. There is no interest in the landscapes where the actions which are the only concerns of this genre take place. However, landscape features such as mountains, the sea, trees, caves or the sky are perceptible in the system of the kennings, yet only as more or less abstract ideas. They mostly lack congruence within their semantic and situational contexts as is shown by the examples of kennings for 'earth' and 'sea'. However, a more inclusive research shows that there are images of landscapes that may be called metaphorical or mythical. These may be conceptualized as different types: (1) The emotional state of individual characters can be projected on to landscapes (e.g. Hallfreðr, Óláfs Erfidrápa 19). (2) The inner space of a human being can be depicted as a landscape. This is the case in countless kennings for 'breast' used as metaphors for the insides of a human being, found most frequently in various kennings for 'poetry'. (3) Descriptions of sea-voyages on the turbulent sea are situated at the border of real and mythical landscapes in as much as the sea may be depicted as a threatening monster ready to devour the ship (e.g. Refr Gestsson, Ferðavísur). Alternatively, the storm that generates the churning sea may be personified as a giant (Egill Skallagrímsson, Lausavísa 23). (4) Þórsdrápa presents a special case in its depiction of Þórr's journey to Geirrøðr and the land of giants. In this instance there appears to be some kind of interchangeable relation between the landscape – especially rivers – and demonic or mythical beings.


Wheat grain treated with deltamethrin (@ 1 mg g−1) and PGP-15 (Pantnagar grain nrotectant-15 @ 0.5%) were stored in metal bins (50 kg capacity) and inoculated with 50 pairs of Sitophilus oryzae was kept for 18 months to permit selection pressure towards development of resistance to these two treatments in this insect species. Bioassay of the deltamethrin selected population on the basis of LC50, recorded 12.96-fold higher resistance to deltamethrin as compared to the susceptible laboratory population. On the contrary, PGP-15 selected individuals turned to be more prone to deltamethrin than the susceptible control showing the resistance ratio of 0.89. This potentiation in deltamethrin toxicity in PGP-15 admixed wheat suggested its promise in deltamethrin resistance management for this insect.


Presented are results of Subproject 3c of the Project 2 "Radioecology" of Franco-German Initiative on Chernobyl aiming at creating of database on radionuclide transfer by surface runoff in heavily contaminated areas of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident. Detailed information about 65 experiments on runoff plots in 30-km zone is collected. Data on general characteristics of contaminated watersheds and characteristics of their contamination, data on radionuclide concentrations in 17 small rivers and 5 large rivers together with hydrochemical characteristics are included in database. The database provides an opportunity for development of specific scenarios for model testing and validation, calculation of key characteristics of radionuclide wash-off from contaminated watersheds, increased understanding of contaminant transport at the process level, and development and use of methods for estimation of key parameters.


A meta‐analysis has not been previously performed to evaluate critically the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) of solely pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and address factors that have an impact on variability of accuracy. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of a cytopathologist, variability of the reference standard and other sources of heterogeneity significantly impacts diagnostic accuracy.


Objective To study the better method of preventing and curing hypothalamic injury attributable to the tumor at sellar region and its operation .Methods All 67 patients with tumor at sellar region were randomly divided into two groups: Studing group 32cases,the method of pretecting hypothalamic function was applied during perioperative period.Control group 35cases,preoperative preparation and postoperative treatment were done ordinarily,the postoperative complications were treated actively if existing.Results Incidence and death rate of diabetes insipidus,blood electrolyte disorder,alimentary hemorrhage,seizure in studing group were lower than that in control group( P0.05).Conclusion Protecting the hypothalamus during perioperative period of the tumor at sellar region could reduce the incidence and death rate of the postoperative complications,it is the key point to improve the operative effect.


Neurogenic pulmonary tumours are rare. Neuronbromas are the most common variety and tend to occur In patients with generaUzed neurofibromatosis, whereas schwannomas arise sporadically In patients who have no evidence of this disorder. A case of solitary benign scbwannoma arising In a segmental bronchus Is presented, and the published cases reviewed. Microscopically, the tumour bad a spindle-shaped cell proliferation with palisade formation In several nelds and low cellularlty In other areas. The diagnosis was supported by positive lmmunostalnlng for S-100 protein and by ultrastructural examination which showed elongated cells surrounded by well-preserved basal lamina and numerous cytoplasmic processes also possessing a basal lamina. Correspondence: Dr X. Bosch, Medicina Intema General, Unidad 1, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.


Distribution of 3H-nicotine in 26 tissues of rhesus monkeys and dogs was studied following intravenous injection of 10, 100 and 500μg/kg of the drug. (1) It was confirmed in both species that within 5min. after injection the highest concentration of 3H-nicotine was observed in target organs such as central nervous system and adrenal gland. (2) High concentration of 3H-radioactivity 30min. after injection was found in the kidney, salivary gland, stomach and intestinal mucosa. These results suggest that excretion of nicotine from these organs begins soon after injection. (3) Distribution of 3H-nicotine in skeletal muscles and fatty tissues of monkeys was higher than those of dogs. This results in that distribution in central nervous system and serum of monkeys was lower than those of dogs. These differences may elucidate the factors of nicotine sensitivity among the species.


The project discussed in the paper consists of the substitution of another type of heterocycle, 2-tetrahydropyranyl, in position 5 of the hydantoin nucleus.


The search of profitability by the organizations in front of an increasingly globalized market, where the risk appetite and the level of competitiveness ascend in an unrestrained way, have caused that the activities carried out by audit (internal or external) are impaired or are insufficient in the face of the escalation of events that have corruption as a constant and lack of business ethics. Therefore, the aim of the current paper was based on the description of relationship that Integral Audit has towards the adoption of an appropriate system of corporate governance, implying accountability to all those involved, both internal and external in the system, applying a qualitative approach to the different international standards issued by organizations such as AICPA (2016), Cadbury Committee (1992), COSO (2013), OECD (2016), as well as various doctrinal studies conducted on this subject by authors such as Arellano (2017), Englund, Gerdin y Abrahamsson (2013), Caridad, Hernandez y De Pelekais (2014), Garcia-Marza (2017), Dai y Vasarhelyi (2016), Claessens y Yurtoglu (2012), among others. The international standards seek to strengthen transparency in organizations, necessary for the performance of their operations that benefits the society where they develop their commercial activities. However, the challenge of Integral Audit is huge around the acts of corruption that have taken place. Thus, it is necessary to make a description that contributes to verify the appropriate course so that Integral Audit contributes to generate value and strengthen transparency in organizations. The study shows that there is an inherent interrelation between the systems on the basis of which organizations are managed and accountability, mandatory to promote transparency, but that it must be evaluated and monitored through the permanent application and reformulated vision of Integral Audit.


In the development of modern society, many new materials and technologies have been integrated into the development of various industries. As a new type of two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene has great advantages in physical and chemical properties and is widely used in various fields of development. Among them, the electrochemical method is one of the important ways to prepare graphene materials, which has the characteristics of quickness and environmental protection, and can effectively produce a large amount of high-quality graphene and its composite materials. Based on this, the paper introduces the preparation method of graphene materials and studies the application of graphene materials in the field of electrochemistry.


The invention discloses a method for transmitting user equipment position information. By the adoption of the method, a core network can fix the position of user equipment more accurately and can perform accurate charging and other operations. The method comprises the following steps: control surface management equipment receives position information reported by a relay node RN, wherein the position information comprises relevant information of a donor cell in which the RN is positioned; the control surface management equipment fixes the position of UE (User Equipment) according to the received position information and sends the latest position information of the UE to a charging function node and after the position of the UE is changed. The invention also discloses a method for realizing a charging function node side and a device for realizing the method.


A manufacturing method for semiconductor light-emitting element is provided with: a placement step which places an aluminum nitride substrate (1), for which a semiconductor layer has been formed on a first main surface, within a chamber (51); and an oxide film forming step which, in a state in which water (H2O) molecules have been introduced within the chamber (51), heats the chamber (51), and upon a second main surface (1b) which is positioned on the opposite side of the first main surface of the aluminum nitride substrate (1), forms an oxide film that includes an amorphous oxide film.


According to endoscope Field of View (FOV) and Direction of View (DOV) features, This paper has improved the traditional testing method by rotating testing target. At the same time, analysed the theory of vertex field angle and object pupil field angle, and the paper has given the mutual transformation relationship between the two, which provided a theoretical basis for the simplified endoscopic detection method.


The article presents the possibilities of obtaining hybrids under unfavorable conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan using new hybrids and obtaining high yields of silkworm cocoons. The materials of the ecological point of view of the territories with the participation of sex-labeled rocks at the Grena stage are presented. And also the determination of the adaptability of the new Navruz-3, Navruz-4 hybrids and hybrids with the participation of parthenoclones of the agro-industrial complex x Labeled1 hybrids to the extreme conditions of caterpillar growing.


Can leadership be taught? Yes, argue the authors of this article, who outline a program designed to help organizations' leaders refine their skills. They stress that only by radically changing the way leaders think and behave will they be able to ensure the effective implementation of productivity- and quality-enhancement techniques that lead to continuous improvement. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Excellent adhesion to the adherend at the same time, has good stress relaxation property, the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition which can be followed with respect to the expansion and contraction of the substrate, and a tacky pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet and the optical member with the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition layer is disclosed. The present invention (A) (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer and, (B) a polyisocyanate compound in the air duct a body, bifunctional air duct member and the trifunctional or more air ducts content of the body 100 in a weight ratio: 0 to 10: pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing 90 of a cross-linking agent, and (C) a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more (meth) acrylic acid ester-based copolymer, the weight per 100 parts by weight, (D) the weight average molecular weight of 1000 to 10,000 (meth) acrylate-based oligomer 5 to 100 parts by weight of (E) 2-functional cross-linking agent component containing a crosslinking agent, 0.001 parts by weight of the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing, pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet and the adhesive and the optical member with a layer consisting of these pressure-sensitive adhesive composition It provides.


Among the important features of holographic displays are the wide viewing angles and the full color of the reconstructed images. The present work focuses on achievement of both features. We propose ...


ABSTRACT Quantum-statistical properties of the phase of electromagnetic field in the case of phase superpositions of coherent states of the type have been studied. Formulas for the average values and fluctuations (variances) of Hermitian phase operator of the electromagnetic field (so-called Pegg–Barnett optical phase operator) in the case of general superposition of coherent states are obtained and analysed. The states of phase superpositions of the 'Schrödinger cat' type , and superpositions of coherent states of the type , are considered separately.


We investigated dynamical interference (DI) in the photoionization of hydrogen atoms in intense ultrashort chirped extreme ultraviolett (XUV) pulses by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation(TDSE) and examined its dependence on pulse intensity, duration, and chirp. We find the pulse chirp to red shift the photoelectron spectrum and weaken the DI effect.


Abstract Due to the awareness of environmental conscious, most countries have specification on the control of hazardous substances. In addition to the European Union WEEE and RoHS Directive, environmental regulations from other countries, inconsistent customer requirements and auditing standards for green products, making the electronic industry has to meet not only with various environmental regulations but also customers' different standards of auditing. For this reason, establishing a set of hazardous substance process management system that suit all nations and clients is a crucial issue for electronic industry in Taiwan. IECQ QC 080000 is a Hazardous Substances Process Management System with national standard. This standard is based on the ISO 9001 Quality Management System. Enterprises can improve the existing quality management system by including a management system of controlling the hazardous substance from supplier material, manufacturing processes, to final products and thus achieve customer requirements in line with international norms. The main purpose of this study is to establish an IECQ QC 080000 Hazardous Substances Process Management System using PDCA with IDEF structure to ensure the management of hazardous substance can be put into practice effectively and to guarantee the products meet customer's requirement of environmental regulations. Finally, a semiconductor manufacturing houses acts as a case study to verify that the proposed method feasible and effective via applying for IECQ QC 080000 certification.


A new route to (Z)-beta-silylacryloylsilanes 10 and the improved conditions for the [3 + 2] annulation using 10 and alkyl methyl ketone enolates are reported. Also, details of investigations defining a reaction course of the [3 + 2] annulation using beta-phenylthio- and beta-trimethylsilyl-acryloylsilanes 1 (X = SPh, SiMe(3)) and alkyl methyl ketone enolates are described.


Abstract The differences between present-day post-modern students and educators from older generations require changes in educational approach, but also challenge post-modern trends. Students' postmodern experiences may lead them to seek individuality among diverse sources of identity, seeing knowledge as a throwaway consumption good, and education promotes flexibility and "edutainment." However, professional education trains people for structured managerialist organisations and the accumulation of shared professional knowledge. Social work education needs to be reframed as a process of emergence in which educators and students work jointly to create knowledge and identity in their professional area. To operate in an increasingly complex and changing society, students need to create a strong professional identity and learn how to transfer knowledge and values from one situation to another. In this way, social work education connects with the Danish managerial concept of "chaos pilots" in which students ar...


Background: Climate projections predict an increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as extreme temperatures, prompting concerns about their impact on early-life health and health disparities. This study aimed to investigate the causal impact of in-utero exposure to extreme temperatures on birth outcomes and effect heterogeneity across levels of socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: We obtained data on singleton births that occurred between 2003 and 2017 from the Dutch perinatal registry (N=2 472 352). Exposure was calculated as the number of days during the gestational period in which the mean temperature fell into each of mutually exclusive bins, with the 8-12 C bin used as reference. To identify a causal effect, we exploited the unpredictability of daily temperature fluctuations while accounting for seasonal and underlying trends. Effect heterogeneity was assessed across levels of household income, neighbourhood SES, and maternal education. Results: In-utero exposure to an additional hot day (mean temperature > 20 C), relative to the reference range, led to increased odds of low birth weight (LBW) (OR[95%CI]= 1.007 [1.005, 1.009]), small for gestational age (SGA) (OR[95%CI]= 1.004 [1.003, 1.005]), and preterm birth (PTB) (OR[95%CI]= 1.006 [1.005, 1.007]). Exposure during the second trimester to an additional cold day (< -4 C ) led to increased odds of LBW and PTB. The observed effects were the most detrimental for births in low-SES households. Conclusions: In-utero exposure to extreme temperatures has a detrimental impact on birth outcomes in the Netherlands. Projected increases in extreme temperatures may further exacerbate health disparities in early life.


Max-stable Processes for Threshold Exceedances in Spatial Extremes (Under the direction of Richard L. Smith) The analysis of spatial extremes requires the joint modeling of a spatial process at a large number of stations. Multivariate extreme value theory can be used to model the joint extremal behavior of environmental data such as precipitation, snow depths or daily temperatures. Max-stable processes are the natural generalization of extremal dependence structures to infinite dimensions arising from the extension of multivariate extreme value theory. However, there have been few works on the threshold approach of max-stable processes. Padoan, Ribatet and Sisson [2010] proposed the maximum composite likelihood approach for fitting max-stable processes to avoid the complexity and unavailability of the multivariate density function. We propose the threshold version of max-stable process estimation and we apply the pairwise composite likelihood method to it. We assume a strict form of condition, so called the second-order regular variation condition, for the distribution satisfying the domain of attraction. To obtain the limit behavior, we also consider the increasing domain structure with stochastic sampling design based on the setting and conditions in Lahiri [2003] and we then establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator for dependence parameter in the threshold method of max-stable processes. The method is studied by simulation and illustrated by the application of temperature data in North Carolina, United States.


In the vicinity of Burning Mountain, New South Wales, an unusually thick sequence of kaolinite clayrocks (flint clays) has been considerably altered by heat from the natural combustion of coal seams. Recent quarrying operations in the area have exposed excellent sections through the metamorphosed succession and it is evident that in the high temPerature zone above the burnt seamJ ordered kaolinite of the clayrocks has been converted to mullite and cristobalite. Below the seams, however, the temperatures were considerably lower and metakaolin resulted. Much of the metakaolin has subsequently been rehydroxylated by groundwater to yield halloysite (l0A) and this reaction is continuing at the present time. To determine the reason for development of halloysite (l0A) instead of kaolinite as the rehydroxylated product, a study has been undertaken of the various intermediate phases in the reaction 5"qo"o". ordered kaolinite + metakaolin -+ halloysite 1t0A). Attempts have also been made to reproduce the rehydroxylation reaction in the laboratory by relatively mild hydrothermal treatment and whereas these have proven unsuccessful to date, it would appear that the upper temperature limit for development of halloysite (l0A) does not lie much above ambient conditions.


The relative sensitivity of brook trout fry, salmon fry, and 1- and 2-year-old parrs to known quantities of DDT was studied in hatchery-trough experiments with larger numbers of specimens than were...


Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is working with FLIR System Inc., the manufacturer of the nanoRAIDER, to design a handheld device based on a position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid (VFG) Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) detector array (with 1% or better energy resolution). The new device called nanoRAIDER VFG will be an improvement to the current nanoRAIDER, which is a compact gamma-ray detection instrument manufactured by FLIR Systems Inc. that employs relatively lower-performing CZT hemispheric detectors (i.e., 3%-FWHM CZT detectors). The nanoRAIDER will significantly improve the accuracy while maintaining similar efficiency, as compared to the nanoRAIDER, for in-field analysis of nuclear materials and detection of undeclared activities during inspections conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Since the nanoRAIDER is currently used by the IAEA as part of its Complementary Access toolkit, a relatively quick acceptance of the nanoRAIDER VFG for safeguards is anticipated. The nanoRAIDER VFG will help address several items listed in the IAEA's Long-Term R&D Plan that could enhance the abilities to detect undeclared nuclear material and activities.


A solution for the problem of controlling the unmanned quadrotor vehicles group flight in presence of obstacles of complex form is proposed. A traditional approach to construction of the target function does not solve the problem of control at presence of concave obstacles; the UAVs may get trapped in such a situation. The proposed target function contains the three terms. The first of them controls the UAVs' behavior with respect to attitude. The second is built on the base of a moving coordinate system bound to the trajectory of the group motion. The third addend is a standard sum that performs the function of repelling the UAVs one from another. Also, in the proposed approach the motion is bound to the virtual center of the group, instead of one UAV that is chosen to be a leader. This approach helps to avoid a discrepancy between desired and actual states of the group in case that the leader UAV experiences some problems with its motion.


This paper presents a sole application of boundary element method to the conjugate heat transfer problem of thermally developing laminar flow in a thick walled pipe when the fluid velocities are fully developed. Due to the coupled mechanism of heat conduction in the solid region and heat convection in the fluid region, two separate solutions in the solid and fluid regions are sought to match the solid-fluid interface continuity condition. In this method, the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) with the axial direction marching scheme is used to solve the heat convection problem and the conventional boundary element method (BEM) of axisymmetric model is applied to solve the heat conduction problem. An iterative and numerically stable BEM solution algorithm is presented, which uses the coupled interface conditions instead of the uncoupled ones. Both the local convective heat transfer coefficient at solid-fluid interface and the local mean fluid temperature are initially guessed and updated as the unknown interface thermal conditions in the iterative solution procedure. Two examples imposing uniform temperature and heat flux boundary conditions are tested and compared with analytic solutions where available. The benchmark test results are shown to be in good agreement with the analytic solutions for both examples with different boundary conditions.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The basic lithographic characteristics of the dummy diffraction mask which has two (dummy and main) mask layers, are investigated by simulation and experiment. The basic principle and theoretical details of the dummy diffraction mask are explained. Influences on the aerial image by the gap size and misorientation between two mask layers and by the nonideal phase grating, are simulated. Also, results of the lithographic performances for the simple patterns (line/space, isolated line, isolated space) and the complex patterns (V-shape active pattern in dynamic random access memory core cell) are presented.


Objective To study the flow property in microcirculation and material exchange. Methods Based on the porosity concept used in the petroleum fields, this paper set up the double porosity medium model of capillary and tissue. In the case of regardless the liquid permeable pressure of capillary and tissue , the leakage formula is obtained. The numercal analysis was conducted under different conditions; with the affection of time and without the affection of time. Results The comparison of numerical results show that: the leakage volume decreased along capillary without the affection of time; with the affection of time the leakage volume increased quickly at first and the decreased slowly. Conclusion The results are benefits to further study of material and energy exchange in the system of capillary and tissue.


The cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays an important role in the detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in animals. Previous studies have shown that the metazoan second messenger cyclic [G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] (2′,3′-cGAMP) generated by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase cGAS binds STING with high affinity compared with bacterial CDNs such as c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and 3′,3′-cGAMP. Despite recent progress indicating that the CDN-binding domain (CBD) of dimeric STING binds asymmetric 2′,3′-cGAMP preferentially over symmetric 3′,3′-CDNs, it remains an open question whether STING molecules, such as human STING, adopt a symmetric dimeric conformation to efficiently engage its asymmetric ligand. Here, structural studies of the CBD from porcine STING (STINGCBD) in complex with CDNs at 1.76–2.6 Å resolution revealed that porcine STINGCBD, unlike its human and mouse counterparts, can adopt an asymmetric ligand-binding pocket to accommodate the CDNs. We observed that the extensive interactions and shape complementarity between asymmetric 2′,3′-cGAMP and the ligand-binding pocket make it the most preferred ligand for porcine STING and that geometry constraints limit the binding between symmetric 3′,3′-CDN and porcine STING. The ligand-discrimination mechanism of porcine STING observed here expands our understanding of how the CDN–STING pathway is activated and of its role in antiviral defense.


This chapter examines verbal periphrases involving the originally transitive Latin verb TORNARE 'turn' in Italo-Romance. The emergence in late Latin of intransitive uses of TORNARE as a verb of motion meaning 'return, go back' prepared the way for early Romance collocations with an infinitive, 'go back to doing'. The gradual grammaticalization of such periphrases involved semantic and syntactic reanalysis that produced an aspectual auxiliary with restitutive, continuative, and repetitive meanings according to the context, e.g., It. torno a dire 'I say again, I repeat'. Whereas the lexical unaccusative motion verb selects the expected perfective auxiliary BE, the aspectual periphrasis displays in some dialects an unusual type of auxiliary shift (BE > HAVE), when the infinitive involved is transitive or unergative. This account of the morphosyntactic development of the periphrasis also contributes to recent typological and semantic investigations regarding the expression of 'again'.


I employ the twin-first methodology to analyze the exogenous relationship between fertility, gender composition, and mothers' marital status and labor supply. The regressions are based on the combination of genders and fertility in the first birth. The results show that white mothers with first birth as single boy are more likely to be involved in marriage than those with single girl. Comparing with non-twin mothers, holding the same gender, twin mothers have lower probabilities of marital dissolution, and they are less likely to participate in the labor market when the children were under 6. There is no impact of gender composition on mothers' labor supply. Among twin mothers, there is no significant impact of gender composition on either mothers' marriage stability or labor supply. For black mothers, neither the gender composition, nor birth of twins has impact on mothers' marriage stability and labor supply.


By inserting one sentence into legislation intended to extend funding for certain federal programs, Congress in late September gave health care providers extra time to ensure that written prescriptions for Medicaid patients come from tamper-resistant pads.

The TMA, Abstinence Education, and QI


Using fireworks is a tradition in Sweden, in conjunction with celebration of New Year, Easter and last day of April. Fireworks are also used in conjunction with concerts, displays and sport events. The usage of fireworks is associated with risks for people, the environment and property. The purpose of this report is to study the risks for people that are caused by the handling of fireworks and then relate the risks to the control of the Swedish authorities. The type of handling that this report focuses on is storage, sales and events.


Abstract : This paper examines the applicability of the theories of the 19th Century military theorist, Baron Antoine Henri Jomini, to modern 20th century mid- to high intensity conflict. To do this it briefly reviews the core of Jomini's most famous work, The Art of War. It then tests two key Jominian concepts, lines of operation and decisive points, against the reality of a major 20th century operation, the German counteroffensive in the Ardennes in December 1944. The study first sets the strategic and operational setting then traces the general conduct of the operation from the corps and army perspective. The first phase studied is the German offensive and American defensive from 16 December to 26 December 1944. The second is the American offensive and German defensive from 22 December 1944 to 28 January 1945. In the theoretical analysis of these two phases, the paper examines the applicability of lines of operation and decisive points for planning and conduct of major offensive and defensive operations. It concludes that both armies and their commanders applied these two concepts throughout the planning and conduct of their operations. Such extensive application indicates that these two Jominian concepts still have utility for the modern operational commander.


Zein proteins are a complex mixture of polypetides that belong to the alcohol‐soluble storage proteins group (prolamines) in corn. These proteins constitute about 50–60% of the total endosperm protein and are classified in different groups on the basis of differences in their solubility and sequence. Among them, zein proteins are considered the majority group showing a high tendency to aggregate what makes their analysis by any analytical method very difficult. Thus, CZE of these proteins requires the use of very complex BGEs noncompatible with online ESI‐MS analysis. The aim of this work was to find a new BGE for the CZE separation of zein protein fully compatible with ESI‐MS while providing further light on the complex CZE separation of aggregatable proteins. Thus, it is demonstrated in this work that efficient and reproducible CZE separations of zein proteins can be achieved by using a BGE composed of water, ACN, formic acid and ammonium hydroxide. Besides, it is shown that zein analysis is significantly improved by including the effect of an ammonium gradient during their separation. It is experimentally verified that the ammonium gradient can easily be achieved in CZE by either working with a sample zone with a low concentration of ammonium and a BGE with a high concentration, or conversely, working with a sample zone with high ammonium concentration and a BGE with low concentration of ammonium, giving rise in both cases to a significant improvement in the CZE separation of these proteins. It is demonstrated that this procedure can give rise to efficiency improvements of up to 20‐fold in the CZE separation of zein proteins. Under optimized conditions, 20 proteins could be separated with average efficiencies higher than 400 000 theoretical plates/m. Some possible explanations of this effect are discussed including stacking, protein‐capillary wall adsorption, protein solubility and protein–salt interactions.


The article is devoted to the analysis of collective bargaining agreements to promote the protection of workers of the power industry. The issues of implementation of specific assessment of the conditions of workers, mandatory medical examinations, providing workers with personal protective equipment of electric power, proposed the concept of a safety culture are considered.


For Part I, see ibid., pp. 2162-7 (2000). We present an algorithm for state estimation under partial observation with time using an extended TTM (timed transition models). In particular, given the reachability graph (RG) of the original underlying TTM, the observer computes the state uncertainty that arises due to immeasurable state transitions along the given trajectories of the RG of the system, after the occurrence of every measurable transition or tick. The algorithm is illustrated by an example of a single-cylinder hydraulic punching machine.


Financial risks are the critical variables in formi ng enterprise's financial crisis, the cyclical show ing of which undecided by the will of people is an objective law . This paper divides financial risks into three typ es what are Financial Environment-adaptation Risk (FEAR), Finan cial Resource-allocation Risk (FRAR) and Financial Stakeholder-cooperation Risk (FSCR), which constitu tes the three-dimensional financial risk system of chemical enterprise. Based on the literature review, this pa per analyses the formation and conduction mechanism of three-dimensional financial risks. Next, it explore s the identification principle of three-dimensional financial risks so as to give an efficient method. Then, it builds som e matrix identification models for identifying thre e-dimensional financial risks of chemical enterprise. Furthermore , a case study is also given..


The authors describe the use of local area networks to monitor, protect, and control a paper mill. The following aspects are considered: types of equipment that can be monitored and information that is transmitted and recorded; installations in paper mill applications; hardware that is added to form a local area network; and how the information is transmitted (network description, operating modes, network operation, and data integrity).<<ETX>>


This paper discusses the changes of nitrite and nitrate in various animal meats (pork, chicken and rabbit), meat cuts (loin, shoulder and leg) and meat products during processing. Both of the nitrite content of 0.07-0.09ppm and the nitrate content of 1.57-5.54ppm in the raw meat were very small amount and the distribution of their contents in meat cuts showed not much difference. Although curing showed an increase of nitrite and nitrate contents during the addition of spices, nitrite and nitrate contents were also found to increase during such processings as drying, smoking and steamcooking without the addition of color former. The distribution of nitrite contents of ham products was then measured and nitrite contents of ham products were greater in the outer (0.62ppm) than the inner portion (0.28ppm) of the ham. When concentration of nitrite salt in pickle was varied from 0 to 500ppm, an increase of nitrite residual content in meat products was also observed. Addition of nitrite at 50ppm concentration brought bright red color to meat products. (Received. Apr. 9, 1988)


The harmony is the highest frontier and target of the construction of the library, and also is the basis of the construction of the library. This paper points out that the people-based concept is the core of the harmony of the library, the comfortable human environment is the foundation for the construction of the harmonious library, and the good interpersonal relationship is the key for the construction of the harmonious library.


ions afforded by narrative mystify the raw material conditions of his existence. The fi lm's ultimate acknowledgment of this disjunction occurs at its end, when Gerard, the fi lm's brutal antagonist, coerces an aging Balthazar into carrying a load of contraband perfume and gold into the mountains. Unsteady, Balthazar carries the gifts with which he is fi guratively connected by name, the wise men of the New Testament. These gifts follow the animal to his death; they are the supreme acknowledgment of the animal as allegorical subject, of the radical fi ssure between his perceived narrative value, and his essentially unvalued physical being.14 Narrative, then, becomes a means of affective estrangement, allowing humans to rationalize their cruelty to the


Summary The aim of the paper was to calculate the farm specific work load of the Austrian agriculture that allows to use working time as an instrument to improve direct and indirect payments to farmers. Standard working procedures and standard mechanisation for all relevant Austrian farm types and sizes were modelled. Working hours for this standardised procedures as well as machine hours were taken from Austrian, German and Swiss data pools. Individual farm size and animal data were gathered from INVEKOS (= farm specific data given by the farmers to apply for direct payments). Data of slope gradients of the fields were taken from the "Berghofekataster". Standard work load of 156.167 Austrian farms, thereof 119.413 livestock keeping farms were calculated. Data represented 2,141.009 cattle, 1,907.833 pigs, 225.422 sheeps, 37.303 goats, 58.919 horses and 10.487.904 poultry together with 930.369 ha grassland and 1,357.394 ha arable land. Standard work load did not include labour for wine, fruit and vegetable growing and no working hours for forest work were taken into account. Additionally working hours for sporadic work e.g. repair of machines, management, training, were not taken into consideration in this project.


Two Schiff bases namely (E)-2-((phenylimino)methyl) phenol (SA1) and (E)-2-methoxy-6-((phenylimino)methyl) phenol (SA2) were produced via reaction of phenylamine with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldenyde, respectively. The structures were elucidated through spectral and physicochemical techniques of melting point, elemental analysis (C, H and N), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The distinctive n(C=N) and d(OH) peaks for SA1 and SA2 appeared at 1615 and 1613    cm-1 and at 13.27 and 13.37 ppm, respectively. Electrodeposit both compounds on mild steel at 0.05 M concentration in 0.3 M NaOH was established through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Yellow and brownish Schiff base layers were observed to be formed on the mild steel specimens. The coated and uncoated mild steel specimens were tested for their corrosion behavior using the Tafel Extrapolation Method (TEM) in 0.5 M NaCl.  Results demonstrated that mild steel coated with SA2 through CA technique at potential +0.90 V showed the highest inhibition efficiency, hence indicating a superior surface coverage, with 97.20 % inhibition efficiency; while SA1 recorded the highest inhibition efficiency of 93.83 % at coating potential of +1.35 V.


Discrete least squares approximations are shown to converge for the Lyapunov exponents of dynamical systems. Numerical examples demonstrate the approximation's utility. Introduction. The limit explicit in the definition of Lyapunov exponents, L.E., (3), (4), has been found through the evaluation of InA" and q(t) and formation of the ratio In/In/q(t) for increasing t, [2], [4], and [6]. It is shown, in the following, that this limit may be expressed as lim^oo^, where is a coefficient in the least squares approximation of lnA". The definition of L.E. used here includes the customary definition as a special case with q(t) = t. The L.E., /?, for dynamical systems in which lnAn ~ p In t, t —> oo, [8], (12), is found through a suitable choice of approximating functions. ~ = asymptotic equivalence. A numerical study indicates the utility of the derived algorithms. Lyapunov exponents. Consider a continuous dynamical system x = f(x,r) (1) where x are spatial curvilinear coordinates in an n-dimensional Euclidean phase space, En. Under general conditions the solution of (1), [1], x = x(X, t) (2) is one-to-one, continuous together with its inverse and continuously differentiable with respect to X and t. X are material coordinates. A subspace, Vm, of dimension m < n may be defined by the parametric equation X = X(u) in material coordinates and, after the deformation (2), by x = x(u) in spatial coordinates, u has m components. Let da(m) and dA(m) be spatial and material area elements of Vm respectively. The m-dimensional L.E. associated with a trajectory originating at X is defined as, [2], [3], /(X, Vm) = lim sup(ln{dam/dAm))lq{t) (3) t—*oc where q(t) = t. The one-dimensional L.E. for the arc, ds, with tangent, n, associated with a trajectory having initial conditions respectively of dS, N, X is defined as, [2], *(X,n) = lim sup(lnAn)/?(/) (4) l^oo ^Received October 19, 1988. ©1989 Brown University 505 506 B. S. BERGER and M. ROKNI where An = ds/dS, (ds)2 = gjjdx'dxJ, {dS)2 = GudX'dXJ and q(t) = t. In the following, only exact L.E. are considered and therefore sup will be omitted, [2]. Since D(dAm)/Dt = 0 and D(dA'r"'m)/Dt = 0, (3) may be expressed as, [4], x(x, Vm) = lim(l/<7) f (1 /m\)-^—^-(dai' i'")-^—dair..imdt (5) t—+oo Jdci(m) Dt cia^m) where dah "'m is the spatial area tensor and ' ^ da'r "'"' = vh,r ~—dar'2 "'"' + • ■ • + v'm,r —da'',2"'"'-,r. (6) dci-(m) Dt da{m) dci(m) Denote dam/dAm or Xn by h(t). If q{t) — t and In h(t) ~ at then the limit in (3) or (4) is a. If ln/?(?) ~ /? In t, t —► oo, then the limits in (3) or (4) vanish, [5], In this case, if q(t) = In/, then the limit in (3) or (4) is /?. Subsequently, the coefficient, a2, in a least squares approximation of f(t) = In h(t) is shown to converge to the limit a or /?. Least squares approximation. Given an approximating function, G(t) = a\ +a2q{t), where a\ and a2 are constants. For a least squares approximation of /(/), a2 is determined by a2 = (n J2 fin (E f>) (Eq)) m ^ where fi = f{tj), A = N^2q2 (X^<7/)2 an<3 ]C = summation on / = 1, N discrete values of t, [7], It follows that if t, A ■ i, q(t) = t, and lim,^00(/(/)/f) = a then limA_00a2 = This may be shown by setting /, = A • i in (7) and noting that i = (N2 + N)/2 and '2 — N3/3 + N2/2 + N/6. (7) becomes «2 (12/A) (2>7;)/(A^2 1)) 2N(N 1))) . (8) By assumption lim,_ 0 then 3 Ne 9 |Z,| < e for all i > Ne. Substituting f = (Z, + a)i ■ A into the second and third quotients in (8) and taking the limit as N —> oo gives Act/3 and Aa/4 respectively. Substituting these expressions into (8) yields the result. Consider the case in which q(t) = In/, h(t) = C//J(l + g(t)), C > 0 is a constant, g(t) is bounded, g(t) > -1 and lim,^oo 00. The last relationship follows from the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula, [12] and [13]. It follows that A ~ N2 and the second term on the right hand side of (9) vanishes as TV —* 00. Then limyv—00 ̂2 = PLEAST SQUARES APPROXIMATION OF LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS 507 Computation of L.E. The Lorenz and Rossler equations together with an equation given by Davis, [8], are subsequently used as test cases: Lorenz equations, [9], Xi = a(x2 X\) a =16.0, *2 = x\(b X3) Xi b = 45.92, (10) X3 = X\X2 cx3 c = 4.0; Rossler equations, [10], X\ = —{x2 + -£3) a = 0.15, X2 = X\ + ax2 b = 0.20, (11) X3 = b + X}{X 1 c) c = 10.0; Davis equations, [8], X\ = X2 , . (12) X2 = (1.5^2 kx*)/xi k = 2. For the given set of parameters (10), (11) possess chaotic solutions. The solution to (12) is given in [8] as x\ = ab((t + p)2 + b2)~l with a2 = 2/k. If dv is a volume element of the phase space then it may be shown that, [11], In dv — f v^j-dt where vk = Xk. For (12) In dv = -3(ln(((t + p)2 + b2)/(p2 + b2))) (13) and lim,^oo(ln<^f/ln/) = -6. It follows that the sum of the L.E. of (12), X\ + X2 = -6, and -8.656 if log2 is used in (13) rather than In, [6]. A fourth order Runge-Kutta integrator was used to solve (10), (11), and (12) with At = 0.01. The L.E. were found, [2, 4, 6, 14], through the evolution of lnA", q{t) and the ratio InXn/q(t), subsequently referred to as Case 1, and the evolution of a2, with A = 0.1, (8) or (9), referred to as Case 2. For (10) with t = 100 and q{t) = t, Case 1 gave L.E.=2.03, .0139, -32.348 while Case 2 gave 2.18, -.0045, -32.48. The corresponding results for t = 1000 were 2.15, .002, -32.455, and 2.16, -.0008, — 32.457 respectively. Reference [6] reports values of 2.15, .003, and —32.45. The initial convergence of Case 2 appears to have been more rapid than that of Case 1. For the Rossler equation, (11), with q(t) = t, L.E. for Cases 1 and 2 were 0.126, -.0003, -14.2, and 0.127, -.00025,-14.1 respectively. Reference [6] reports values of 0.13, 0.00, and -14.1. L.E. for Cases 1 and 2, (12), with q(t) = Int, p = A, b = A, and t 200 were X\ = -3.633, X2 = -8.191, X\ + X2 = -1 1.825, and /, = -2.916, X2 = -5.692, X\ + X2 = -8.607 respectively. The exact value of X\ + X2 — -8.656, (13), which is in good agreement with Xi + X2 = -8.607 from Case 2. xi + X2 = -1 1.825 for Case 1 which differs considerably from the exact value. Conclusions. Numerical tests of the least squares algorithms for the computation of L.E. demonstrate their convergence rates to be equal to and in some instances, (12), greater than those of previous methods. The poor convergence of Case 1 for (12) is attributable to the slow convergence to zero of the ratio of the term 3 • ln(/r + b2), (13), and In/. The rate of convergence of the least squares algorithm, Case 2, is not siginificantly affected by this term. 508 B. S. BERGER AND M. ROKN1 Acknowledgment. The authors acknowledge the encouragement of Dr. Matthew Gordon-Clark and the assistance of C. J. Berger. Computations were supported by the Computer Science Center of the University of Maryland.


A surface plasmon (SP) based anode hole injection model for gate oxide degradation/breakdown is presented. This model proposes that the hole trapping in the oxide is mainly due to injected holes from the anode that are generated by the decay of the SP's to electron-hole pairs at the anode interface, finally resulting in oxide breakdown when the trapped positive charge accumulates to a critical value. The surface plasmon excitation energy is shown to decrease with increasing temperature, which in turn causes the positive charge generation to increase and the charge to breakdown to decrease.


In this article the frequency response of a thermal micropump is investigated using electrical network analogy modeling technique. This technique is based on dividing the micropump into subsystems and representing each subsystem using the equivalent network analogy. Obtained mathematical models of subsystems are then represented using transfer functions and block diagrams. As an example, thermopneumatic micropump is considered. Model simulation suggests an increase in the net flow rates of the micropump as the operating frequencies increased, until a first cut-off frequency is reached. A second cut-off frequency is observed with further increase in operating frequencies. Model simulations are consistent with qualitative experimental trends reported in the literature. The model is used to obtain a relationship between cut-off frequencies and design properties of the micropump. Model simulations show that lower cut-off frequency is related to mechanical properties of the thermopneumatic micropump, including...


BACKGROUND
Temperament associated with oral health behaviour and early-childhood caries (ECC) in preschoolers remains inconclusive.

AIM
This cross-sectional study investigated the association of temperament with oral health behaviour and ECC status.

DESIGN
A total of 421 Thai preschoolers were recruited from elementary schools in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Their caregivers assessed three temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control) using the Thai version of the Children's Behaviour Questionnaire Very Short Form and reported oral health behaviours (brushing cooperation and cariogenic-snack frequency). Three calibrated dentists assessed ECC status using the modified WHO dmft/dmfs (decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surface) index that included non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions.

RESULTS
Multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for child's and caregiver's characteristics, revealed that children with high negative affectivity or low effortful control were more likely to have uncooperative brushing behaviour. The temperament scores of children who consumed cariogenic snacks daily and those who did not were comparable. Children with low surgency, high negative affectivity, or low effortful control were more likely to have high dmfs scores.

CONCLUSIONS
Negative affectivity and effortful control were associated with brushing behaviour. Temperament was not associated to frequency of cariogenic snack consumption. However, all temperamental dimensions were associated with ECC.


The study examines the role of social media during the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong that lasted from September to December 2014. By interviewing a random sample of 1011 respondents over the telephone before the end of the Umbrella Movement, it was found that social media had become an insurgent public sphere (IPS) in the protest movement. Data showed that acquisition of political news through social media was related positively to support for the Umbrella Movement and adversely with satisfaction and trust of established political authorities, including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government, the Hong Kong police, and the Chinese central government. The insurgent public sphere role of social media, its implications, and likely development vis-à-vis the state and the market are discussed.


Based on total investigation, analysis and judgment of one main class of coastal wave models, the mild-slope equations, an operator representing the wide wave-current interactions in coastal waters is introduced to develop a time-dependent theoretical hierarchy of the mild-slope equations for wave-current interactions by means of the universal Hamiltonian variational principle for water waves, which reaches a comparatively high degree of harmony and unity of form and content.


Abstract. To study the hydrological cycle over the Tibetan Plateau, two GPS receiving stations were established at Naqu in eastern part of the plateau and at Gaize in western part of the plateau in August 2000. Diurnal variations in atmospheric water vapor over the plateau during summer are investigated by analyzing the GPS-derived precipitable water (PW), surface meteorological observation data and GMS (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite) infrared (IR) data. The precipitable water changes greatly on a time scale of 10-20 days in the summer season. The minima of the diurnal variation appear in the morning and in the evening in dry periods. This may be caused by evaporation from the earth's surface and transport of water vapor by the local circulations. In wet periods, cloud activity and precipitation showed a clear diurnal cycle with a maximum in the afternoon to evening. However, the precipitable water changes little during the day. In wet periods, the precipitable water is close to the saturated precipitable water, the amount of water vapor concentrated by convergence is almost equal to that removed by precipitation in the afternoon to evening over the plateau.


The practice of diplomacy that has been transformed into new forms presents sub-state entities as new actors. This is known as the paradiplomacy concept, which is carried out by the Government of West Java within the sister province framework with Chonqing Province. As the main actor in the practice of this type of diplomacy, it is expected that the West Java Government can optimise its role in achieving the objectives of its partnership with Chongqing, particularly in economic aspects. This paper uses qualitative methods and data sources are secondary data collected through library research. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that can help optimise the role of the West Java Government in the framework of sister province with Chongqing Province. The factors in question include internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include communication, resources, disposition, and policy structures. Last, external factors are Indonesia's security situation and global economic conditions.


Filtration capability of textile media or the resistance towards the fluid penetration through different fabrics is depending on their surface repellence. The emission of condensed exhaled air on the outer layer of the half facemask from the FFP2 (EN 149) category indicates the termination of its protective properties. The overcoming by the fluid of the textile environment of the mask in its role of an artificial barrier goes through two stages. Initially, the aerosols in the exhaled air condense and meet the repulsion from the inner fabric. Later, due to the hydrodynamic pressure, the condensed droplets pass through the textile medium, overcoming the friction among the fibrous layers. Finally, the droplets irrigate the outer, front layer of the mask and are released into the environment with all the consequences. Closest to this physiological process is the hydrostatic pressure test method. The test of resistance to fluid penetration gives a final assessment of the property of the textile environment without clarifying the elements of the process. Experimental studies have shown similarities in the results of the penetration of the fluid through the textile medium and the initial repulsion of aerosols from the surface of the fibrous layer. The repulsion of water droplets is of predominant importance in relation to the general barrier capacity of the textile media. The main indicator of water repellence is the contact angle of the free drop on the fabric. The subject of this article is the comparison between the contact angle of wetting and the penetration of the fluid by means of standard test methods. The aim of the work is to explain and model the process of fluid penetration through protective masks, as well as to optimize the properties of repulsion and resistance.


The article discusses the results of calculation of the characteristics of the seal support aircraft engine. Calculation is made with the characteristics of strain O-ring. A comparative analysis of the calculation results with the deformation of the rings and without.


The " çardak " is the core room of any Macedonian house, simi lar to the living room for Le Corbusier. Based on the work of Du šan Grabrijan on the Macedonian house type and on the work of Boris Čipan on the Ohrid's housing architecture, the current study explores the peculiarity of the so-called Ohrid's ancient urban architecture. By carrying out an analysis of the above-mentioned studies, this paper analyzes the origins, the dif-ferences, the program, the location, the cultural context, the organization, the built-in furniture, the techno-logical construction, the anthropological expressions, and the main architectural elements of Ohrid's houses. This written provides a new look at Ohrid's ancient urban architecture, by trying to linking the most important studies led by modern architects on this topic. Studies that revealed the fundamental aspect of this house type: its intrinsic modernity.