Information and technological tools for controlled evolution are considered as a basis for a transdisciplinary approach to building a scientific picture of the world from the standpoint of the noospheric theory of V.I. Vernadsky and assessment of complexity of the system, which evolves. The noospheric theory appeals to scientific thought able to direct the evolutionary process to create a harmonious unity of the system «Human — Nature». It became the basis of the concept of sustainable development of human society. The central issue of the controlled evolution is building a scientific picture of the world related to solving complex scientific and practical problems from the standpoint of a comprehensive account of the entire set of factors, which affects the process of evolution. The emerging transdisciplinary theory as a science can provide a solution of these problems by developing methods and tools for interdisciplinary interaction while forming the integrated knowledge. An example of such interaction is a purposeful convergence of disciplines and their related technologies and as a result — the development of promising convergence clusters. Best known today is NBIC cluster (nano–bio–information–cognitive technologies). One of the central principals of transdisciplinarity states: knowledge of the laws of nature is single and indivisible. The main aspects of cognitive evolution are considered, which combine the evolution of the mechanism of human thinking (with the dominance of the logical-verbal type) and improving the life cycle of constructive knowledge and its use. The possibilities of modern cognitive intelligent technologies in relation to the development of a consolidated intelligence, an ontologically controlled knowledge market and a national diversified developing control system by the type of National Automated System (NAS) of V.M. Glushkov are analyzed. In this regard, special emphasis is placed on the development of service-oriented systems for research design which can be adapted to a many classes of tasks, can be extended functionally and intellectually. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the projection of the work on the general theory of evolution on the practical needs of Ukraine in terms of the strategy of its sustainable development is appropriate and presents a state-alone very important direction of scientific research and practical developments with applied using of the results and provisions set forth in this paper.


This topic is a representation of the most important aspects of life on the deportation of Chechens in Kazakhstan in the period from 1944 to 1957. The author also discusses the number of deported Chechens to Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries.


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A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) in 2006, observed until 2011, and then treated with fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab followed by ibrutinib/venetoclax without complete remission. In 2017, an abdominal


Abstract We have studied the DNA binding and DNA cleavage specificities of two novel classes of synthetic DNA breakage agents. One class comprises redox-activated metalloporphyrins, the other uses the photoactivable p-nitrobenzoyl group as the DNA breaking moiety linked covalently to a DNA recognizing entity such as an oligo N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide or oligothiazole group. Studies of DNA cleavage using end-labeled DNA restriction fragments and high resolution sequencing gel electrophoresis have allowed DNA break sites to be identified at the nucleotide level. This work in conjunction with induced CD spectroscopy has shown that these compounds, especially photoactive agents containing thiazole units, display high sequence specificity. The mechanism of sequence recognition appears to be quite different for the two series of compounds.


IN DISCUSSING this type of lesion a clear definition is needed in respect to the intended meaning of the word "solid". Ini this paper it includes all those lesions, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, that are seen by x-ray to be round or oval, discrete and dense, situated in the lung parenchyma with little or no surrounding infiltration or disease. By such a definition, hilar and mediastinal lesions are excluded as are areas of atelectasis, pleural plaques and caseous disease. It is not intended to review the literature in an exhaustive manner nor to consider in detail the differential diagnosis, although both are important for a proper concept of the problems involved in handling these lesions. Suffice it to say that the predominant pathological entity will vary greatly according to the geographic location and circumstances under which these lesions are encountered. In a large urban general hospital, most such lesions will be found to be neoplastic, either primary or secondary, while in sanatoria practically all will prove to be tuberculous. From the University of Chicago Clinics, Thornton, Adams and Bloch' reported 23 cases of "circumscribed tumours" of which 14 were primary neoplasms, three were metastatic, one was an hemangioma, four were tuberculous, and one was a chronic lung abscess. Such findings contrast sharply with our experience. In 76 consecutive cases studied and treated at the Nova Scotia Sanatorium during the past seven years, only one was found to be malignant and that was a secondary carcinoma. Reports elsewhere vary between these two extremes, but it becomes obvious in analyzing them that, for proper evaluation, one must take into account the locality from which they originate and the type of hospital service to which these patients have been admitted, otherwise one may derive false im-


This paper investigates the environmental conditions inside a highly-glazed cross-ventilated meeting room. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an indoor environment is developed with the support of the field measurements performed in a normally operating room. The work presented here follows the steps of the formal calibration methodology for the development of CFD models of naturally ventilated environments. This paper utilises the calibration methodology in order to predict environmental conditions within the highly-glazed cross-ventilated room occupied by people. The CFD model is verified and validated with field measurements performed in an operating building. Moreover, parametric analysis determines the most influential boundary conditions on indoor air temperatures and air speeds.


Governing equations and their approximate solution computer storage and manipulation of numbers the finite difference method the method of weighted residuals variational methods introduction to the finite element method development of finite element equations steps in performing finite element analysis element interpolation functions element mapping finite element analysis of scalar field problems finite element analysis in linear elastostatics implementation, modelling, and related issues. Appendices: mathematical potpourri matrices and linear algebra some notes on heat flow local and natural coordinate systems the patch test solution of linear systems of equations notes on integration of finite elements.


The Nigerian press is sharply polarised along geographical, ethnic and religious divides. In reporting religion the overbearing effect of the North-South divide easily impacts on the audience, creating a negative perception of the other – Christian-majority south versus the Muslim north. From the early 1980s up until this year, Nigeria repeatedly saw the eruption of religious conflicts between Muslims and Christians. The media are blamed for either instigating or amplifying the crisis or both. Using interviews and content review of reports, this paper seeks to examine issues like the use of newspapers in providing platform for promoting religious disharmony, manipulation of journalists reporting religion and how it impacts on fairness and objectivity and the process of creating stereotypes. Applying Sherif's Superordinate Goals model, we explored the possibility of confronting the common problems for the collective interest of the entire nation. The paper proposes researching into and reporting on the positive sides of other faiths as a means of eradicating negative images and promoting religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence in Nigeria and beyond.


To the Editor:Our article, "Drug Prescribing for Ambulatory Patients 85 Years of Age and Older,"' was based on 1980 national data. We have completed identical analyses using 1981 data. The following is the abstract from the previously published article with 1981 data inserted; for comparison, the 1980 data are presented in brackets: Drug prescribing for ambulatory patients 285 years of age was studied using data from the 1981 [ 19801 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) on office visits to physicians. NAMCS is a survey by the US National Center for Health Statistics, which collected information on office visits and extrapolated the results to the US population. Of the 585.2 [575.7] million office visits by all ages, 8.6 [6.8] million (1 [l] per cent) were by persons 285 years of age, and 67 [64] per cent involved females. Ninety-one [go] per cent of the total office visits of those 285 years old were with a physician who had seen them before; 96 [94] per cent were with MDs as compared with DOs; 60 [56] per cent were with general practitioners or internists; and 96 [95] per cent had some type of followup planned. The most frequent duration of the office visit was 11-15 minutes (34 [36] per cent). The most frequent diagnostic class was diseases of the circulatory system. The survey physicians were asked to list all drugs, new or already in use by the patient, that were ordered, administered, or prescribed during the visit. The authors converted the drug brand names to their nonproprietary or generic name component(s); each active ingredient of combination products was treated as a separate drug entity. All drug analyses used generic names. Thirty-three [32] per cent of visits did not involve the use of any drug; 18 [21] per cent involved one drug; 13 [12] per cent, two drugs; and 12 [16] per cent, three drugs. Cardiovascularrenal drugs were the most hequently mentioned. Thirty-six per cent [a third] of the visits involved the use of one or more drugs that have psychologic effects, either intended or as side effects. Five [three] per cent of the office visits involved the use of two or more drugs that had the potential for clinically important interactions. As can be seen, 1981 data were similar to 1980 data. DEE A. KNAPP, PHD


Objective To establish an animal model of perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer.Methods Thirty-two nude mice were divided into 4 groups with 8 mice in each group.Human pancreatic cancer cells SW1990,CAPAN-2,PANC 1 were injected around the sciatic nerve of nude mice,respectively,and nude mice without treatment were controls.The changes of body weight,time and rate of tumor formation,and success rate of model establishment was observed.Results The body weight of mice in control group was increased,while the mice injected with pancreatic cancer cells showed decreased body weight,even signs of cachexia,and the movement of limbs with tumor formation was limited.The tumor was finally formed in 8 mice in CAPAN 2 group and SW1990 group,while only 5 mice in PANC1 group.Using the maximum diameter reaching 0.8 cm as the cutoff point,the tumor formation time was (49.8 ± 5.0),(56.6 ± 2.4),(25.4 ±3.0) d in CAPAN-2 group,PANC1 group,SW1990 group.The tumor formation time was the shortest in SW1990 group,and the longest in PANC1 group.The difference among the 3 groups was statistically significant (F =73.5,P <0.01).Overall,the successful tumor formation rates with perineural invasion in CAPAN-2 group,PANC1 group,SW1990 group were 87.5% (7/8),20.0% (1/5),50.0% (4/8).Conclusions An animal model of pancreatic cancer with perineural invasion is successfully established,but different pancreatic cancer cell lines show different characteristics.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms ;  Neoplasm metastasis;  Neural;  Models, animal


Modification of styrene-butadiene latices with a black dye produced by oxidation of amine precursor was studied. The conditions ensuring complete exhaustion of the dye and formation of fast black latex films without affecting the aggregative stability of latex formulations are elucidated. The influence of the dye on the colloid and chemical properties of latex formulations and physicomechanical characteristics and adhesion of latex films were studied.


Information and links for sole proprietors and partners on completing and filing their returns for income taxes, deductible business expenses, record keeping, how to complete form T2125 and much more.


Objective To explore the treatment of dural tear sustained on the lumbar spine surgery and management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Method A retrospective research was designed and 821 patients with complete data who underwent the lumbar spinal surgeries were acquired between June 2007 and June 2011.A total of 56 cases of intraoperative dural injuries and durotomies were recorded.Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 2 cases of 56 patients.Surgical management included closure of breach in the dura mater,glued using medical OB glue,oversewing every layer of the wound,trendelenburg and compression dressing and so on.Clinical outcomes of surgical management were recorded.Results The average follow-up lasted for 2 years and 1 month(ranging from 6 months to 4 years).Preoperative symptoms remitted to different extents.There were 2 cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and 56 cases of intraoperative dural injuries which were cured ultimately.Conclusion Timely and correct surgical intervention and postoperative management can help to heal dural injuries in lumbar spinal surgeries and can prevent occurrence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.


In this paper, we consider the problem of reliable stabilization for a multi-channel system, where our main objective is to maintain the stability of the perturbed closed-loop system and when there is a single controller failure in any of the control channels. We specifically present a computationally tractable and less-conservative result in terms of a set of dilated LMIs for the reliable state feedback stabilization of the nominal system, while a dissipativity-based certification is used to extend the stability condition under model perturbation in the system. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique.


Two phase heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of R-404A in a smooth (8.56 mm ID) and micro-fin tube (8.96 mm ID) are experimentally investigated. Different from previous studies, the present experiments are performed for different condensing temperatures, with superheating and sub cooling and using hermetically sealed compressor. The test runs are done at average saturated condensing temperatures ranging from 35 o C to 60 o C. The mass fluxes are between 90 and 800 kg m -2 s -1 . The experimental results from both smooth and micro-fin tubes show that the average heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increases with mass flux but decreases with increasing condensing temperature. The average heat transfer coefficient is 30-210% higher for micro-fin tube than that of smooth tube, with moderate increase in pressure drop ranging from 10-55%. New correlations based on the data gathered during the experimentation for predicting condensation heat transfer coefficients are proposed for wide range of practical applications.


The research presented in the paper is part of a larger approach concerning the enhancing of Product Development Sustainability by involving advanced design theories for effectiveness and efficiency of Product Design and CAD/CAE/CAM activities. The particular idea is to apply some principles from the Axiomatic Design theory within Concept Design and System Level Design stages, in order to enhance the Product Structure Design and to streamline the CAD activities and to study how a decomposition model obtained by applying AD theory affects the capture of Design Intent into a 3D CAD parametric product model structure. An applied project is exemplified as a case study, particularly referring to developing the Product Structure Design activities for the mechanical structure of an automated dimensional sorting system. Related discussions, conclusions and some further research directions are included.


Concentration profiles of the centers with shallow and deep levels and the distribution of generation lifetimes after fast neutron irradiation of n- and p-type silicon, hydrogenized in the hydrogen plasma of a HF discharge and in boiling distilled water, are determined by means of measuring of capacitance—voltage (C—V) and current—voltage (I—V) characteristics and DLTS spectra in Schottky diodes. The passivation effects are observed both for point-like radiation defects and for radiation defects in disordered regions (DR) due to the regeneration of mobile hydrogen atoms from bonded forms (pairs of shallow acceptor—hydrogen, H2, and others) under the neutron irradiation. The decrease of the degradation rate of the generation lifetimes is observed in hydrogenated silicon layers under irradiation. It is found that the efficiency of passivation of the radiation defects is greater in n-type than in p-type silicon, and depending on technique and duration of hydrogenation, the efficiency of passivation drops down with increasing neutron dose.

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in decision problems of sustainability in mountain ecosystems. We several partnerships focused on the Mountain Futures Initiative, multiple of innovative local Communities in alpine regions the environmental social


Safety is a main concern in nuclear power plant projects. The instrumentation and control system of nuclear power plant which propose to be built in Indonesia are expected to make extensive use of digital system. Common cause failures are among safety issues in digital technology which may compromise plant safety if occurred. The review includes investigation of available documentation of protection against common cause failures and diversity implementation. This paper describes the characteristics and nature of digital common cause failures. The instrumentation and control system require to be designed with defense against CCFs within and between systems. The result of review is a framework for defense against common causes failures that include: echelons of defense, diversity strategies and assessments of the adequacy of defense.


We report the measurements of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) on powder samples of La1−xCaxMnO3 (LCMO) at the commensurate carrier concentrations of x = N/8 (N = 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7) within the temperature range 100 K≤T≤450 K. It is found that the mapping of the EPR linewidth ΔH and the g-factor shows an electron–hole asymmetry in the paramagnetic insulating regime of the LCMO phase diagram. The drop of linewidth ΔH with decreasing temperature in the mapping resembles the contour of the ferromagnetic transition curve in the LCMO phase diagram, while the isothermal ΔH becomes narrowest at x = 3/8 due to the predominant double exchange interaction. By comparing the small-polaron model with spin–spin relaxation mechanism, we demonstrate that the latter should dominate the paramagnetic insulating regime of the LCMO phase diagram.


The report of Marie 1 that sodium citrate administered by mouth or intravenously reduced the blood cholesterol of rabbits 60% led us to try its effect upon blood cholesterol of other species. It is of interest in this connection to note that dogs with a hyperpyrexia induced by the administration of 10 mg./kg. dinitrophenol showed an increase in blood cholesterol, the initial value of 161 mg. % being elevated to 285 mg. % 2 hours after injection of the drug. These observations led us to continue the study with albino rats. Five groups of 5 rats each were placed upon a diet similar to that suggested by Chanutin and Ludewig, 2 in which extracted casein was substituted for extracted dried beef. To this cholesterol deficient diet, cholesterol was then added to the extent of 2%. The first group of rats received no supplement and served as control animals. In the second group, each animal received a daily subcutaneous injection of 1 mg. dinitrophenol per 100 gm. body weight. To the third, 0.2 gm. sodium citrate per 100 gm. body weight was given in aqueous solution by stomach tube. The fourth and fifth groups received NaHCO3 and citric acid solutions, respectively, by stomach tube, in order to determine, if possible, the ion responsible for any change in the distribution of cholesterol. These 2 substances were given in amounts furnishing separately the same quantities of sodium and citrate ions as received by the animals in Group 3 on the sodium citrate supplement. Each animal of the fourth group, therefore, received 0.14 gm. NaHCO3, and of the fifth group 0.11 gm. citric acid daily, per 100 gm. body weight. At the end of 3 days the rats were killed, the blood from each group pooled and analyzed for total and free cholesterol, total fatty acids, and lipoid P.


The utility model relates to a low-temperature cooling and nano particle jet flow minimum quantity lubricant coupling grinding medium supplying system which comprises at least one minimum quantity lubrication and low-temperature cooling jet composition unit. The unit is arranged on the side face of a grinding wheel cover of a grinding wheel and matched with a workpiece on a working table. The unit comprises a minimum quantity lubrication atomization minimum quantity jet and a lower-temperature cooling jet. The minimum quantity lubrication automation minimum quantity jet is connected with a nano fluid pipeline and a compressed air pipeline. The low-temperature cooling jet is connected with a low-temperature cooling liquid pipeline. The nano fluid pipeline, the compressed air pipeline and the low-temperature cooling liquid pipeline of each unit are connected with a nano fluid supplying system, a low-temperature medium supplying system and a compressed air supplying system through control valves. The nano fluid supplying system, the low-temperature medium supplying system and the compressed air supplying system are connected with a control device. According to the low-temperature cooling and nano particle jet flow minimum quantity lubricant coupling grinding medium supplying system, the problem of grinding burn is effectively solved, the quality of the surface of the workpiece is improved, and the efficient, low-consumption, environment-friendly, resource-saving and low-carbon green cleaner production is achieved.


Invisible Forces In an article entitled "The Human Factor is Vital" Sir Cyril Burt writes: "The commonest mistake has been to think solely of the visible, tangible, material environment, and to ignore or underestimate the power of invisible and mental forces. Economic motives play their part, but, in a complex civilization like ours, the non-economic factors, though harder to discern, have undoubtedly the greater power. And since for the most part these non-economic factors are psychological, it is the psychologist who must investigate them."20


The article is a review of the book Putin v. the people. The Perilous Politics of a Divided Russia by S. Greene and G. Robertson. The review attempts to explain the features of the book in a wide academic and public context, since it is a popular science publication and therefore contributes both academically and publicly to understanding contemporary Russian politics, the characteristics of the Russian political regime and political leadership. The book is devoted to the phenomenon of Vladimir Putin's popularity from below and the individual mechanism of support and non-support for President Putin. On the basis of surveys and interviews, Greene and Robertson analyze the patterns in support and non-support for Vladimir Putin by 'ordinary Russians' and examine how structural factors and the political process influence them. The authors successfully use both specific empirical data and their interpretation in terms of approaches unusual for positivist political research. The article gives a general description of the book, discusses in more detail some individual provisions and conclusions of the authors, and also investigates what fundamentally new facts readers can learn about the Russian political regime from the book. DOI: 10.17072/2218-1067-2019-4-112- 115


The loss performance is studied of an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) multiplexer, whose input consists of the superposition of a multiplicity of homogeneous ON-OFF sources. The approach is based on the approximation of the actual input process by means of a suitably chosen two-state Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP), as a simple and effective choice for the representation of the superimposed arrival streams. To accurately evaluate the cell loss performance, a matching procedure was developed which allows the derivation of a tight upper bound on the cell loss probability and the characterization of its asymptotic behavior as the buffer size increases. Moreover, this procedure yields insight into the multiplexer performance behavior, as the buffer size and the source parameters are varied, and clarifies the modeling limits implied by the choice of an approximating MMPP with only two states.<<ETX>>


"Fluothane" is a new volatile anaesthetic agent developed and manufactured by Imperial Chemical Industries (Raventos, 1956; Raventos and Suckling, 1956). It is the most promising member of a series of agents with non-flammable and non-explosive properties which are being investigated independently by the Medical Research Council. It is a clear, colourless, heavy liquid with a specific gravity of 1860 (cf. chloroform 1500), a boiling-point of 510 C., and a sweetish odour not unlike that of chloroform. Chemically, it is a halogenated ethane with the structural formula


Multi-capacity bin-packing is a generalization of the classical one-dimensional bin-packing problem in which the bin capacity and the item sizes are represented by d-dimensional vectors. Previous work in d-capacity bin-packing algorithms analyzed variants of single capacity bin-packing, extended to deal with the d capacities. These extended algorithms are oblivious to the additional capacity information, however, and do not scale well with increasing d. We provide new packing algorithms which use the additional capacity information to provide better packing and show how these algorithms might lead to better multi-resource allocation and scheduling solutions.


Indonesia has value of migration which parents teach to their children. There are three big ethnic groups in Indonesia which have different orientation on value of migration. Bataknese mainly migrate for study, Minangnese mainly migrate for work and trading, and Sundanese do not have a certain value of migration, although they do migrate. The aim of this article is to design an instrument for measuring migration motive on Bataknese, Minangnese, and Sundanese. The migration motive scale was tested using SEM to see fitness between conceptual model and empirical model. It was also tested using EFA to explore factor analysis. Results showed the scale has 5 factors and adequate internal consistency. The five factors are: traits needed when migrating, importance of going out of the hometown, importance of having plan when migrating, importance of being able to adjust, and importance of being successful when migrating.


Opioid agonists either potentiate or suppress basal cAMP production in SK-N-SH cells. The inhibitory effect is mediated by PTX-sensitive GTP-binding proteins, while the stimulatory effect involves Ca++ entry and calmodulin activation. Both pathways can be activated simultaneously by opioid agonists. Low (nM) concentrations of either mu (DAMGO) or delta (DPDPE) selective opioids potentiate cAMP formation. At higher (100 nM) concentrations, however, a net suppression takes over; this suppression can be eliminated by PTX, and the underlying stimulatory effect is disclosed. Micromolar concentrations of either mu or delta selective agonists cross-activate the other (delta or mu) receptors, and augment the stimulatory pathway. The overall outcome (either stimulation or inhibition of cAMP production) is dependent on the balance between the two overlapping pathways, and can be modified by blocking either of the two opposing mechanisms.


One unanticipated pleasure of writing a book has been seeing how intelligent and learned people respond to it. This roundtable is no exception. I'm very grateful to Hugo Drochon for suggesting and organizing it, and to Richard Boyd, Gianna Englert, Christopher Macleod, Helen McCabe, and Mónica Brito Vieira for their gracious and astute remarks. Their commentaries range widely, so given the space available I can do no more than give a partial reply to some of the issues raised and commend the pieces as worth reading in their own right. My apologies for not being able to respond at length to each contribution. First, Richard Boyd states that architects of variety-of-suffrages schemes 'thought that guaranteeing full representation required some groups to be excluded from the vote'. While it is true that most members of this camp justified certain exclusions on the ground that (counterintuitively from the point-of-view of modern democrats) they enhanced parliament's ability to mirror the public, a subset did support giving the vote to all (male) citizens. An author like George Harris could accept universal suffrage so long as the electoral system eschewed uniform districts and instead parceled out voters into constituencies that were specifically tailored to reflect 'the essential and real interests' of civil society. Democracy, which Harris rejected, was defined his eyes not by universality alone but by universality combined with sociological undifferentiation. Second, Englert claims that the variety-of-suffragist authors were 'unconcerned with the formal suffrage question'. On the contrary, these authors were obsessively concerned with it. Hence, as the opening chapters of Parliament the Mirror document, they developed many projects of electoral reform and articulated rationales for preferring variegated over uniform systems of suffrage. What they did not believe – and this is probably what Englert means by 'unconcerned' – was that the proper distribution of the suffrage could be identified by appeal either to the capacity or entitlements of individual citizens. The variety-of-suffragists had therefore what we might loosely call a Burkean outlook on these questions; what the citizen had a right to was the 'advantages' of good government, not to any share of political authority him/herself. Englert expresses some concern that the 'politics' beyond the various theories and proposals within Parliament the Mirror receives scant attention. There is some truth to this observation, for I was immersed in what Macleod helpfully calls a 'systematic approach' to reconstructing widely shared paradigms rather than concentrating on the cut-and-thrust of a particular agent's illocutionary acts. Someone who does not see such theoretical reconstructions as a valuable enterprise may not love the book, but fortunately for such readers excellent political histories of nineteenth-century parliamentary reform abound. I would, however, push back slightly on Englert's charge. For one thing, there is simply the limitation that, as she grants, one cannot accomplish everything in a single monograph, and this is already a rather long book as it stands. But more importantly, my relative neglect of party-political maneuvers and motives was, I believe, warranted by the source-material itself. For as I show, apart from the democrats of chapter three who identified mostly as 'advanced liberals', both the variety-of-suffrages and the proportional representation


The purpose of the study is to describe a method for estimating the investment and capitalization costs related to the scientific products obtained in the organizations belonging to the research sector of the Republic of Moldova. The general research methods are: office research, deduction and induction, mathematical-analytical. The paper presents an analysis of the estimation of costs for scientific products based on strategic priorities, as well as a case study on the estimation of the capitalization costs of the scientific results of a project from the State Program for the years 2020-2022. The result of the research shows that depending on the strategic priority, the average cost per scientific result varies, and the total cost of the State Program is 39.9 thousand MDL per scientific result.


There is herein described a bulkhead (10) for use with container liners. More particularly, there is described a bulkhead (10) for use with container liners wherein the bulkhead (10) allows the container liner to be loaded with bulk product and then safely sealed with preferably just one supporting bar structure (30).


ABSTRACT Celebrity chefs have been a ubiquitous marketing tool utilized in the food service industry. This study investigates the impact of restaurant attributes on customers' willingness to pay (WTP), likelihood to repurchase, and tip amount in celebrity chef restaurants by conducting an experimental design. The results highlight the importance of food quality at celebrity chef restaurants on customers' WTP and the likelihood to repurchase, Additionally, the inter-relationships between service quality and ambience on tipping amount and between service and food quality on repurchase intention are also significant. This study contributes to theoretical and practical implications for food-service operators in the development of effective marketing strategies.


Use of integrated crop-livestock-forest systems can be an important strategy for increasing the sustainability of animal production in tropical regions. The benefit of such systems include increased soil
fertility and conservation, improved thermal comfort for the animal, increased forage quality and possible income diversification, in addition to increased atmospheric carbon sequestration. The
challenges to development of these systems are related to high economic investments and lack of competent technical assistance. The benefits of integrated systems depend on achieving balance among its components, as competition for resources for growth can render the system unsustainable.


In this study, the waste onion was chosen and used as the matrix material, and the bamboo pulps and tussah silk fibers were used as reinforcing materials. By efficient mixing process, a new type bio-composite with excellent mechanical and antibacterial properties was developed by papermaking method. The tensile property and antibacterial action were studied in detail. The consequence indicated that the onion had definite matrix property, and the mechanical properties were further improved by adding bamboo pulps and tussah silk fibers. With the fiber content increasing, the tensile properties of composites increased, and the tussah silk /onion composite exhibited the better tensile properties than that of bamboo/onion composite. The flavonoids extracted from abandoned onion skins can be used as the antibacterial finishing agent to improve the inhibition property of the tussah silk/onion composite. The experiment consequence indicated that the finished composite had a certain antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. (Received 9 November, 2015 ; Accepted 14 January, 2016) # corresponding author: E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Development of New Functional Composites from Onion and Short Natural Fibers Ruoyuan Song , Xiaoni Cheng, Laijiu Zheng, Yongfang Qian, Xiao Wang, and Teruo Kimura *1School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China *2Division of Advanced Fibro-Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Goshokaidocho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan J. Fiber Sci. Technol., 72(3), 61-65 (2016) doi 10.2115/fiberst.2016-0010 ©2016 The Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Japan Journal of Fiber Science and Technology (JFST), Vol.72, No. 3 (2016) 61 Chemical component Content (wt%) Water 91.52±2.12 Carbohydrate 7.33±0.13 Rough fiber 0.75±0.05 Fat 0.23±0.01 Protein 1.71±0.05 Ash 0.52±0.03 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials The bamboo fibers were originated from bamboo pulps with freeness 727 ml (CSF). The fiber average length and diameter were 0.43 mm and 11 μm respectively. Tussah silk was originated from abandoned silk guilt, and was cut into less than 3 mm length. The tussah silk fiber average diameter was about 25μm. The microscope photos of used tussah silk and bamboo fibers were shown in Fig. 1.The pink skin onion was commercially available and was used as the base material, which was effectively crashed by a mixer. The fresh onion contained plenty of water over 90 wt%. The rough fiber content was about 9 wt% in dry mater. The onion also contained plenty of carbohydrates and proteins, which was often called natural polymers. So the onion can be looked as the composite, and the chemical component and content of fresh onion were shown in table 1. 2.2 Molding method The bamboo/onion and tussah silk/onion composites with different fiber contents were produced. The scarfskin of onion was removed firstly. The fresh onion was adequately crashed by a mixer, and then mixed with the natural fibers. Using paper making technology and according to JIS P8222 standard, the diameter 20 cm size bamboo/onion and tussah silk/onion composite papers with different fiber contents were produced using PL6-C sheet machine (Xianyang Taist Test Equipment Co., Ltd). The basis weight of this composite paper was controlled at about 100 g/m. The prepared paper was dried in a vaccum circumstance for 30 minutes. 2.3 Test method 2.3.1 Morphological analysis The morphological observation of the natural fiber reinforced onion composite was studied by the scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi S-3000). 2.3.2 FT-IR spectrum Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) data of prepared onion film was obtained using a Spectrum 10 made by PerkinElmer Corporation. The specimen was cut into proper size and characterized by a FT-IR for evaluating chemical composition. 2.3.3 XRD test The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of prepared onion film was recorded with a X-ray diffractometer (D/max3B, Rigaku Corporation). The tube current and voltage were 30 mA and 30 kV, respectively. The sample was scanned from 10°to 60°at a scan rate 5°/min. 2.3.4 Tensile test The tensile properties were measured using a universal tensile machine (RGM-2002, 10 KN, Reger) according to JIS K7113 standard. All test consequences were the average values of five specimens. 2.3.5 Antibacterial test The antibacterial property was tested according to GB/T 20944.1-2007. The width of bacterial inhibition was calculated by the following formula.


This document presents the results of an X10 protocol implementation using the Short Messaging System (SMS) and shows how can they work together in order to provide a home system control for remote controlling electric home devices. The protocol X10 and the architecture of a SMS system are discussed yielding to a practical implementation for a home system control using the Nokia SDK Beta 3.0 development kit. Results gathered from the experiment are shown and conclusions are delivered emphasizing the advantages and drawbacks from the proposed implementation. Further, it is shown that the application runs independently of the cellular technology used on the network.


Tranylcypromine (TCP), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, induced a hyperpyrexia in rats which had been given repeated doses of LiCl. This hyperpyrexia was not prevented by the pretreatment with α-adrenergic blockers (phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine), β-adrenergic blocker (DL-propranolol), histamine blockers (promethazine and diphenhydramine), anticholinergic agent (atropine), inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate). Among the dopamine (DA) blockers tested, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine and haloperidol, all of which are reported to inhibit the DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase, prevented the hyperpyrexia. On the other hand, sulpiride and metoclopramide, which are reported not to inhibit the DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase, were without effects on the hyperpyrexia. The hyperpyrexia was potentiated by injection of theophylline, a nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The cyclic AMP level in the caudate nucleus was significantly increased only when TCP produced the hyperpyrexia in the LiCl-pretreated rats. The cyclic AMP level in the hypothalamus remained unchanged. These results suggest that DA produced the hyperpyrexia by mediation of the cyclic AMP in the caudate nucleus, but not in the hypothalamus.


It is a kind of review and forecast of the modernization process of Henan Opera to comb and summarize the development of history of Henan opera art from the evolution process,the origin problems,and the theoretical study.


General data mining systems rely on experts to give the algorithm to operate data mining according to actual application, people who are not familiar with data mining algorithms canpsilat use these data mining systems, so we put forward data mining system based on Case-Based Reasoning. In this system, XML was used to represent cases. The case base was organized based on fuzzy quotient space model instead of traditional case index tree, which can improve retrieval efficiency and accurate rate at the same time. Experiment indicates the average effect was improved by more than 50 percent, it will become higher if the case base is bigger.


Technical change is an important factor to take into consideration when analysing environmental issues that span over a long time horizon. One important source of technical change is learning-by-doing. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of technical change through learning-by-doing on the cost effective implementation of the nutrient goals stipulated in the 2007 HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan. Effects of learning-by-doing on the cost and allocation of abatement are analysed using a dynamic discrete model of control costs for abatement in the riparian countries of the Baltic Sea. The results indicate that the impact of learning-by-doing on the cost of abatement can be substantial depending on the learning rate and that technical change could lead to substantial cost decreases for the largest polluter, which is Poland.


This report considers the possibility of reducing the scattering cross section of patch antennas when using emitters of various shapes and when using structures with non-zero surface resistance. The report presents the results of the influence of the choice of the shape of a emitter on the SCS in the region of resonant scattering frequencies. The scattering indicatrices of various emitters for the resonant scattering frequency are analyzed. Comparative analysis results of the decrease estimation for the SCS of the square path when using various forms of regions with impedance surface are presented.


In this paper, some tests was performed to evaluate the effect of scanning depth of field on the measurement error and the density of the point cloud obtained from the developed non-contact 3D scanner by measurement error of about ±0.05mm, which was taken from a single digital camera and a 3LCD video projector as a source projecting the structured light pattern. To perform this analysis, the scanning depth changes occurred in steps. However, due to the effect that the video projector focus has on the sharpness of the projected image pattern and consequently the measurement noise created, the tests were repeated again with the change in focus at every step. The experimental results suggest the need to define the optimum scanning depth (less than 60cm), to provide a stable and acceptable precision, and shows the great effect of scanning depth of field and sharpness of the projected pattern on the amount of measurement noise and density of the points cloud.


The two aims of this work were: (1) to develop a theoretical
technique for determining the conditions where a broach would occur,
and (2) to identify the principal factors affecting the liability of
a ship to broach.
The first step was to develop a mathematical model based on the
conventional manoeuvring equations with coefficients which were
functions of the ship's longitudinal position in the wave, but independent
of encounter frequency. Next, a theoretical method for calculating
the values of some of the coefficients as functions of wave
position was developed using a strip theory approach and the results
compared with those obtained experimentally. The experimental technique
involved using a planar motion mechanism to oscillate a constrained
model balanced on a wave created by a wave dozer in a circulating
water channel. Although the agreement was poor and experimental
scatter high for some of the coefficients, the more important ones
were predicted quite well using the theory. Constrained model experiments were also --carried out in calm
water in order to determine the approximate value of the roll coupling
terms and it was found that, since they were small, the roll equation
could be ignored as a first approximation.
It was then possible to study the stability of the lateral and
longitudinal motions separately for various wavelengths and to determine
that the principal factor causing a broach was the large wave induced
yaw moment combined with the small restoring moment available
from the rudder operating with reduced effectiveness. The lateral and
longitudinal equations were then combined using a digital/analogue
hybrid simulation permitting the conditions which caused a broach to
be determined. When the results from the simulation-were compared
with results which had already been carried out by the
Admiralty Marine Technology Establishment at Haslar there was fairly
good agreement, implying that this method could be used to determine
whether a proposed design would meet an acceptable standard. Finally, possible improvements to the simulation were suggested
and guidelines for reducing the liability to broach were given both
for the operator and the designer.


THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE PRESENT CONCEPTS OF URBAN DESIGN. A DISTINCTION IS MADE BETWEEN "URBAN DESIGN" AND "REGIONAL PLANNING" ALTHOUGH THEY FORM THE COMMON BASIS OF A TECHNOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE, THE OBJECT OF WHICH IS TO CONTROL THE TENDENCIES WHICH GOVERN THE SPONTANEOUS OCCUPATION OF LAND SPACE BY MAN. THE HISTORY OF TOWN PLANNING IS BRIEFLY OUTLINED, AND THE CONTRAST BETWEEN AN IDEAL TOWN AND A CONSERVATIVE TOWN IS STRESSED. MENTION IS MADE OF THE PRESENT EFFORT OF FINDING NEW METHODS OF PHYSICAL TOWN PLANNING AND OF DESIGN USING A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH. FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT, SEE IRRD ABSTRACT NO 106086.


Because of its very large c/a ratio, zinc has proven to be a difficult element to model using semi-empirical classical potentials. It has been shown, in particular, that for the modified embedded atom method (MEAM), a potential cannot simultaneously have an hcp ground state and c/a ratio greater than ideal. As an alloying element, however, useful zinc potentials can be generated by relaxing the condition that hcp be the lowest energy structure. In this paper, we present a MEAM zinc potential, which gives accurate material properties for the pure state, as well as a MEAM ternary potential for the Mg–Al–Zn system which will allow the atomistic modeling of a wide class of alloys containing zinc. The effects of zinc in simple Mg–Zn for this potential is demonstrated and these results verify the accuracy for the new potential in these systems.


The evolvement of old city center often takes place over a long period of time and it bears strong local cultural inprints.This process is conditioned by complex internal and external factors.The study of old city center can help discover local historical roots and patterns of spatial changes.This paper uses construction,deconstruction and reconstruction method to study the old city center of Shanghai and analyzes its spatial structure over a hundred years' of transition.The research finds that People's Square central area in Shanghai had experienced three stages of development,namely,single-core development,circle-core development and multiple-core development.The paper also provides a detailed analysis of various driving forces in its spatial transition.


OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical use status of outpatient Chinese patent medicines for digestion system in our hospital during 2008-2011,investigate the characteristics and development tendency of drug use,so as to provide references for clinical rational use of drugs.METHODS:The outpatient Chinese patent medicines for digestion system used during 2008-2011 were analyzed statistically in respect of consumption sum and its proportion,DDDs and department distribution of drug use.RESULTS:The consumption sum of outpatient Chinese patent medicines for digestion system in our hospital increased year by year.The consumption sum and its proportion for various drugs were relatively stable with low drug use concentration ratio in clinical departments.CONCLUSION:Traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of digestion system diseases.The outpatient Chinese patent medicines in our hospital can basically meet clinical demands in categories.Rational use of drugs should be emphasized in hospital to ensure safe,effective and economic clinical medication.


1. Dry mix for geopolymer binder containing: (i) at least one fly ash containing calcium oxide in an amount less than or equal to 15 wt%; (ii) at least one gelling accelerator;. and (iii) at least one hardening accelerator having a composition different from that of said at least one volatile zoly.2. Dry mix according to claim 1, wherein at least one fly ash is fly ash Class F.3. Dry mix according to claim 1, wherein the at least one gelling accelerator comprises metakaolin, silica particles of micro- and nanoscale, pozzolanic material having a high dissolution rate in an alkaline solution, or kombinatsii.4. Dry mix according to claim 1, wherein the at least one gelling accelerator comprises metakaolin.5. Dry mix according to claim 1, wherein at least one hardening accelerator contains blast furnace slag, fly ash Class F, containing more than 8 wt.% Calcium oxide, class C fly ash, gypsum, an alkaline earth metal, calcium-enriched pozzolanic material enriched calcium zeolite, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or kombinatsii.6. Dry mix according to claim 1, wherein at least one hardening accelerator contains blast furnace slag, fly ash Class C, gypsum, calcium-enriched shabazid enriched calcium clinoptilolite, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, glassy aluminosilicate, kiln dust, fly ash or bottom kombinatsii.7. Dry mix according to claim 6, wherein at least one hardening accelerator contains blast furnace slag or fly ash Class C.8. Dry mix according to claim 1, comprising at least two solid accelerator


The Adjuvant Activity and Mechanisms of Action for Mastoparan 7 Peptide After Intranasal Immunization in Mice by Moses Sichangi Wanyonyi Department of Pathology Duke University Date: _____________________ Approved: ___________________________ Herman F. Staats, Supervisor ___________________________ Gregory D. Sempowski ___________________________ Kent Weinhold ___________________________ Salvatore Pizzo ___________________________ Soman N. Abraham An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Pathology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2014 Copyright by Moses Sichangi Wanyonyi 2014


The objective of this test is to evaluate the hypothesis that autoclave film damage is a necessary condition for groove pitting of X-8001 alloy fuel cladding.


Mark R. Schure*, Jake L. Rafferty†,‡, Ling Zhang†, and J. Ilja Siepmann†,§ *Superon and Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, Kroungold Analytical, Inc., Blue Bell, Pennsylvania; †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; ‡Department of Chemistry, North Hennepin Community College, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota; §Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota. Direct correspondence to: firstname.lastname@example.com How Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Works


Lidocaine is widely used in antiarrhythmic therapy, and the need to monitor the drug concentration in the blood of patients receiving lidocaine is well established. We have developed a new assay for lidocaine designed for the routine clinical therapeutic drug monitoring laboratory. A 100-μl aliquot of blood plasma is treated with 50 μl of internal standard solution and the mixture alkalinized. The drug and internal standard are extracted with toluene and analyzed by nitrogen-detection gas-liquid chromatography. A single extraction is used, and no solvent evaporation is required, resulting in a simple and rapid procedure. Using the single-point standard, the within-day coefficient of variation (CV) was 6.4%, while the between-day CV was 7.4%. Monoethylgly-cinexylidide, the major plasma metabolite of lidocaine, and several drugs potentially present in patients receiving lidocaine were shown not to interfere. The procedure has significant advantages over previously published similar methods.


This work reports a facile synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) by the extract of the fruits of Piper longum without any stabilizer or surfactant. The Pd NPs were found to be effective catalysts for the ligand-, amine- and copper-free Sonogashira coupling reaction under aerobic conditions. The Pd NPs were characterized with UV-vis, FT-IR and TEM methods. This method has the advantages of high yields, simple methodology, and elimination of ligands, copper, organic solvents and homogeneous catalysts and easy work up. Water is used as the only solvent for the coupling reaction. More importantly, the catalyst was recovered and recycled by a simple decantation of the reaction solution and used for five consecutive trials without significant loss of its reactivity.


The quality of mobile videos is usually quantified through the Quality of Experience (QoE), which is usually based on network QoS measurements, user engagement, or post-view subjective scores. Such quantifications are not adequate for real-time evaluation. They cannot provide on-line feedback for improvement of visual acuity, which represents the actual viewing experience of the end user. We present a visual acuity framework which makes fast online computations in a mobile device and provide an accurate estimate of mobile video QoE. We identify and study the three main causes that impact visual acuity in mobile videos: spatial distortions, types of buffering and resolution changes. Each of them can be accurately modeled using our framework. We use machine learning techniques to build a prediction model for visual acuity, which depicts more than 78% accuracy. We present an experimental implementation on iPhone 4 and 5s to show that the proposed visual acuity framework is feasible to deploy in mobile devices. Using a data corpus of over 2852 mobile video clips for the experiments, we validate the proposed framework.


This study aims to describe the results of the application of the discovery learning model on the subject matter of light in class VIIIC students of SMP Negeri 8 Kupang even semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. This research is descriptive. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 8 Kupang for the 2019/2020 school year. The subjects in this study were researchers  and 22 students of class VIIIC at SMP Negeri 8 Kupang, even semester, 2019/2020 academic year. The techniques used to collect data in this study are observation and tests. Based on the results of the descriptive analysis of the research data, it shows that in general, the application of the discovery learning model for the subject matter of light for students is optimal. In detail, the researcher's ability to manage to learn is obtained which includes: planning, implementing, and evaluating learning, including in the good category. The learning outcomes test (THB) of students for cognitive learning outcomes tests on learning implementation activities which include: preliminary activities, core activities, closing activities, time allocation, and class atmosphere are all in the very high category and cognitive achievement for each lesson plan is all complete.


Many modern video encoders use rate-distortion optimization (RDO) methods for choosing coding parameters. This approach involves estimation of rate and distortion for different coding configurations. Intuitively, better performance can be achieved with more accurate rate and distortion assessments. This paper proposes improved rate computation by estimating a non-integer number of bits for arithmetic coding of syntax elements. This is applied to optimization of the H.264 codec in arithmetic coding mode and promising results are achieved.


In this paper, we seek to validate the zero-dimensional (global) model approach for the modeling of the plasma composition in high pressure reactive streamer discharges. We focus on streamers typical of dielectric barrier discharge that are widely used, for instance, for plasma-assisted reforming of greenhouse gases. However, our conclusions can be extended to the streamers used in plasma-assisted ignition/combustion and other related systems. First, we perform two-dimensional fluid simulations for streamers with positive and negative trigger voltages and analyze the difference between the breakdown mechanisms of these two modes. Second, we use the time evolution of the electron heating term obtained from the fluid simulations as the input parameter of the global model and compare the plasma component content predicted by this model with the results of the fluid model. We obtain a very good agreement between fluid and global models for all species generated in plasma. However, we conclude that streamers initiated by the positive and negative trigger voltage cannot be considered as symmetrical which is usually done in global models of barrier discharge reactors.


According to the CDC, an estimated four million Americans reside in long-term care facilities in the United States, among which one to three million life-threatening infections occur every year. These infections at long-term care facilities are a major cause of hospitalizations and death. The purpose of this research project was to provide a nonrandomized pretest/posttest on knowledge, belief, attitudes and compliance to all 45 CNAs selected for this study to improve current hand hygiene practices of certified nursing assistants employed by a health care facility. Pre-test and posttest assessments were in addition to an intervention approach administered after the pretest and before the posttest. The World Health Organization Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Health Care Workers, the Hand Washing Self-Assessment Inventory Scale Questionnaire for belief and attitude and a wall hand sanitizer as a proxy to measure hand compliance were the instruments. The intervention administered was the WHO's "My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" approach to improve hand hygiene practice and compliance. The participants included 30 CNAs selected as the intervention group and 15 CNAs as the control group. The results indicated that the mean difference 0.14, 95% CI [0.05-0.23) in Knowledge between the treatment and control groups was significant (p = 0.004). The results of the 2 by 2 factorial ANOVA conducted to determine Belief and Attitude indicated a significant main effect (F1, 43) = 30.55, p<0.001, pη2 = 0.42). The analysis for Attitude indicated a significant main effect (F1, 43) = 29.37, p<0.001, pη2 = 0.42). For the hand sanitizer measurement, there was no significant difference in hand sanitizer use between control and intervention floors at baseline (p = 0.175). After the intervention training, the intervention floors had significantly more hand sanitizer use than the control floors (p = 0.033).


The level of economic activity and social productivity have increased markedly in much of China over the past 10 years. Progress in these areas has impacted upon population norms and dynamics in the country. Theory holds that increases in educational quality lead to growth in labor productivity and lower fertility. This phenomenon has been observed especially in 12 coastal regions of China; the challenge is to replicate and extend this phenomenon throughout the country. Manual labor is absorbed as economies grow in countries in the most formative stages of economic development and technological advancement. Accordingly, parents value have significant numbers of children to help ensure familial economic advancement and personal old-age security. As economies develop, however, the productivity of labor increases and skilled workers grow in demand. Parents may therefore be better served by bearing fewer, but more highly educated. While fertility has declined overall in China as a result of strict population policy, fertility has declined at a comparatively greater extent in the more developed coastal regions of the country. These findings point to the combined influence of population policy and economic factors in shaping the fertility of China. To best encourage the transfer of parental interest from the number of offspring to the quality of offspring, this paper recommends adhering to national population policy, raising fines for those who bear unplanned children, raising benefits for those bearing only one child, and developing technology and the economy.


For a fixed "pattern" graph <tex>$G$</tex>, the colored <tex>$G$</tex>-subgraph isomorphism problem (denoted <tex>$\text{SUB}(G)$</tex>) asks, given an <tex>$n$</tex>-vertex graph <tex>$H$</tex> and a coloring <tex>$V(H)\rightarrow V(G)$</tex>, whether <tex>$H$</tex> contains a properly colored copy of <tex>$G$</tex>. The complexity of this problem is tied to parameterized versions of <tex>$P=?\ \ NP$</tex> and <tex>$L=?\ \ NL$</tex>, among other questions. An overarching goal is to understand the complexity of <tex>$\text{SUB}(G)$</tex>, under different computational models, in terms of natural invariants of the pattern graph <tex>$G$</tex>. In this paper, we establish a close relationship between the formula complexity of <tex>$\text{SUB}(G)$</tex> and an invariant known as tree-depth (denoted td (<tex>$G$</tex>)). <tex>$\text{SUB}(G)$</tex> is known to be solvable by monotone <tex>$AC^{0}$</tex> formulas of size <tex>$O(n^{\text{td}(G)})$</tex>. Our main result is an <tex>$n^{\widetilde{\Omega}(\text{td}(G)^{1/3})}$</tex> lower bound for formulas that are monotone or have sub-logarithmic depth. This complements a lower bound of Li, Razborov and Rossman [8] relating tree-width and AC° circuit size. As a corollary, it implies a stronger homomorphism preservation theorem for first-order logic on finite structures [14]. The technical core of this result is an <tex>$n^{\Omega(k)}$</tex> lower bound in the special case where <tex>$G$</tex> is a complete binary tree of height <tex>$k$</tex>, which we establish using the pathset framework introduced in [15]. (The lower bound for general patterns follows via a recent excluded-minor characterization of tree-depth [4], [6].) Additional results of this paper extend the pathset framework and improve upon both, the best known upper and lower bounds on the average-case formula size of <tex>$\text{SUB}(G)$</tex> when <tex>$G$</tex> is a path.


This paper considers a distributed network of through-the-wall radars for accurate indoor scene reconstruction in the presence of multipath propagation. A sparsity based method is proposed for eliminating ghost targets under imperfect knowledge of interior wall locations. Instead of aggregating and processing the observations at a central fusion station, joint scene reconstruction and estimation of interior wall locations is carried out in a distributed manner across the network. More specifically, an alternating minimization approach is utilized to solve the associated non-convex optimization problem, wherein the sparse scene is reconstructed using the recently proposed modified distributed orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm while the wall location estimates are obtained with a novel distributed particle swarm optimization algorithm (D-PSO) proposed in this paper. Existing literature on averaging consensus is leveraged to derive the D-PSO algorithm. The efficacy of proposed approach is demonstrated using numerical simulation.


The main objective of the study was to determine the kinetics of the polyphenol oxidation reaction in cocoa beans during air drying at various air temperatures and humidities. The temperatures used were between 40 and 60 °C and the relative humidities were between 50 and 80%. The higher the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air, the lower the amount of polyphenol residue in the cocoa beans, because of enzymatic oxidation of polyphenols. At higher drying temperatures, non-enzymatic oxidation of polyphenols could also occur. Computer simulation results gave rate constants for the polyphenol oxidation reaction (k 1 ) and the condensation reaction (k 2 ), at various air conditions, in the range of 0.055-0.200 and 0.136-0.155 h -1 respectively. The activation energies obtained for the polyphenol oxidation reaction were in the range of 27 800-30 312 J K -1 mol -1 . The reaction kinetics of the enzymatic browning reaction fitted a pseudo first-order reaction.


Early studies with the pleuropneumonialike organisms concerned themselves with methods of isolation of these organisms and their possible relationship to various pathological conditions. More recently, investigators have included studies of nutritional requirements and some metabolic activities. While these microorganisms can be cultivated in artificial media, their smallest elements are capable of passing through filters designed to retain bacteria. The small size, slow growth, and sluggish metabolic activity, as well as their fragility and poor staining qualities have helped distinguish the pleuropneumonialike organisms from bacteria. The findings that some bacteria undergo variation to an L phase, which may resemble morphologically and culturally the pleuropneumonialike organisms, stress the need for more detailed information about these microorganisms. The present study concerns itself with the determination of the nucleic acid content and composition of a strain of pleuropneumonialike organisms isolated from the human urethra.


The external thermal insulation systems for the Space Shuttle solid rocket boosters and the Air Force Titan IV payload fairings were in jeopardy due to EPA regulatory problems, endangering the flight status of both vehicles. The Marshall Convergent Coating (MCC-1) Development Team was formed in February 1994 to develop and implement an EPA-compliant external thermal insulation system for both systems. MCC-1 made use of a process known as Convergent Spray Technology (CST), a solventless, sprayable process that eliminated the environmentally hazardous chemicals involved with the old methods. Implemented in record time, the new insulation was so successful that it was selected for two additional flight vehicles, Boeing's Sea Launch and Delta TV. The activity also led to commercial spin-off pilot projects. The team continues today to share data between the various production sites, resolve production issues, expand the material's use, and consider potential improvements for the future.


In the present investigation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was assessed in Excretory/Secretory antigens of Gastrothylax crumenifer from buffaloes by gelatin zymography. Live adult flukes were collected from loca l abattoirs and washed thoroughly with Phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). The adult flukes were suspended in DPBS (pH 7.2) and incubated at 37°C in a BOD incubator for 8 hours. The material was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 30 min at 4°C and the supernatant collected was designated as E/S antigens. Through gelatin zymography, it was observed that the presence of prominent bands at 220 kDa, 92 kDa, 72 kDa in E/S antigens of Gastrothylax crumenifer. The 135 kDa size was observed as a fainter band. Among the four bands, 92 kDa band was showing the greatest gelatinolytic activity. The gelatinase activity of MMP- 9 was purely from E/S antigens of Gastrothylax crumenifer as it was thoroughly subjected to enough prewashing treatments to assure the MMP activity was solely from Gastrothylax crumenifer alone. The relative amount of 92 kDa band and to that of 72 kDa was 1.5: 1. The ratio of MMP 9/2 was observed as 1.5 in E/S antigens of Gastrothylax crumenifer suggesting the activator role of MMP-2 in regulating the activity of MMP-9.


Reflecting on economists' distinguished record in allocating the economy's scarce military resources during the Second World War, Michael Bernstein writes: "It is one of the great ironies of this history that a discipline renowned for its systematic portrayals of the benefits of unfettered, competitive markets would first demonstrate its unique operability in the completely regulated and controlled economy of total war.†Not to let readers miss the point, Bernstein prefaces this remark by noting that it was "statism,†not "individualism†that had set the historical context in which "the high hopes … of generations of professionalizers could be realized†(p. 89).


FREPS (Forced REsponse Predicition System) is a software system that integrates structural dynamic, steady and unsteady aerodynamic analyses to efficiently predict the forced dynamic stresses of turbomachinery blades to aerodynamic and mechanical excitations. The program performs flutter analysis also. The FREPS system uses a modal approach for aeroelastic analysis. The structural dynamic analysis is based on MSC/NASTRAN, the steady aerodynamic analysis is based on potential theory and the unsteady aerodynamic analysis is based on a linearization of the non-uniform potential mean flow. The capabilities of the program are described and illustrated by application to the High Pressure Oxygen Turbopump turbine of the Space Shuttle Main Engine.


Abstract Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has antidepressant effect and when patients were treated with EA and antidepressants, the effect could be maintained for a longer time. However, the effect of EA combined with antidepressants based on metabolism is still in the initial observation stage, which requires further research. Methods: A total of 60 patients with moderate depression were assigned into 2 groups at a ratio of 1:1, the EA group (receiving EA and antidepressants) and the control group (taking antidepressants only) in this randomized controlled pilot trial. The EA treatment was performed 3 times a week for 8 consecutive weeks and then follow up for 4 weeks. The patients' depressive mood was measured by the Hamilton Depression scale (HAMD) at baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12. Before and after 8-week treatment, morning urine samples from all patients were analyzed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to find possible metabolic markers of depression and of EA treatment related changes. Results: Compared with the control group, the EA group showed more significant improvements in depressive symptoms measured by HAMD at week 4 (16.89 ± 5.74 vs 25.58 ± 7.03, P < .001), week 8 (9.59 ± 5.13 vs 25.04 ± 7.49, P < .001) and week 12 (11.07 ± 6.85 vs 27.25 ± 7.14, P < .001). The significant differences in urinary specific metabolites before and after EA treatment were malonic acid (fatty acid biosynthesis), cysteine (glutamate metabolism), glutathione (glutamate metabolism), tryptophan (tryptophan metabolism), proline (glutamate metabolism), and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine. These metabolites are involved in tryptophan metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Conclusion: EA treatment combined with antidepressants is more effective in improving depressive symptoms than antidepressants alone. EA may treat depression by acting on tryptophan metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-2000030786.


Growing evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNAs NORAD and miR‐205 play a significant role in regulating cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, high expression of NORAD was firstly observed in melanoma tissues and human malignant melanoma cell lines, our aim was to study the interaction of them in the process of invasion and migration of malignant melanoma cells. NORAD, miR‐205, and EGLN2 mRNA level in MM cells was detected by qRT‐PCR. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to detect NORAD expression in MM tissues specimens. Effects of NORAD and miR‐205 on Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (EGLN2) expression was explored by western blot in MM cells line. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction relationship between NORAD and miR‐205, as well as, miR‐205 and EGLN2. Transwell assay was conducted to explore the effects of NORAD and miR‐205 in vitro. Xenografts in nude mice experiment were used to confirm the role of NORAD and miR‐205 in vivo. In vitro, NORAD knockdown significantly inhibited migration and invasion of malignant melanoma cells and elevated the expression of miR‐205, there was an interaction between miR‐205 and NORAD in the RNA‐induced silencing complex. Upregulation of miR‐205 induced significant inhibition of migratory and invasive ability compared with the scrambled control. However, downregulating NORAD largely reversed this effect. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of miR‐205 on EGLN2 levels and the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress were reversed by NORAD. In vivo, deletion of miR‐205 induced tumor growth in nude mice. NORAD may play critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression of malignant melanoma by regulating of the miR‐205‐EGLN2 pathway, and may serve as a new therapeutic target.


Cryomagnetic applications of high-T c superconductors require the fabrication of bulk ceramics with different shapes and sizes, high critical current density and magnetic levit ation force. Larger grain size and orientation of the superconducting YBa 2Cu3Oy (123) crystallites can improve the grain connection and thus the above mentioned superconducting properties. The addition of KF is favourable to the YBa 2Cu3Oy (123) crystal growth [1, 2] while using of melt-powder-melt-growth (MPMPG) technique [3, 4] for production of polycrystalline superconductor s results in oriented microstructure of the platelike superconducting grains with the most rapid-growth direction within the a-b plane. In this highly oriented structure the finely dispersed YBaCuO 5 (211) grains act as flux pinning centres and increase the magnetic levitation forces [5]. Bulk polycrystalline superconductors with complicated geometry can be easily fabricated by explosive cladding technique [6]. During this compaction technique the pr operties of the starting superconducting materials can be changed. In this study these chang es were investigated in the case of polycrystalline superconducting materials prepared by different technique s.


Digital filters and algorithms are the foundations to distinguish failure and choose fault phase in microcomputer protection in power systems. In this paper, digital filters, which are presented based on wavelet transforms, not only make full use of the merits of wavelet transforms but also get rid of some traditional filters' disadvantages, thus they are very effective in microcomputer protection in power systems. The methods weaken some traditional filters' disturbing parts while retaining their effectual ones. It is of importance to improve reliability level of microcomputer protection in power systems.


A novel low-profile reconfigurable antenna is proposed for changing radiation patterns. The antenna is constructed on a circular patch fed by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). The circular patch has three vertical shorting lines and one horizontal shorting line. A p-i-n diode switch on the horizontal shorting line is used to configure the radiation pattern of the antenna. In the off state, the maximum radiation intensity occurs at $\pm 45^\circ$ to the circular patch. In the on state, the maximum radiation intensity occurs perpendicular to the circular patch. Simulation and measurement results at 2.3 GHz validate the reconfigurability of the proposed design.


An association of man and extirpated fauna brought to light almost forty years ago in southern Pennsylvania is reconsidered. Originally investigated by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, the New Paris sinkholes are well-known for their extensive Pleistocene cave fauna and are most often associated with the dedicated work of the late Dr. John Guilday. The initial find in sinkhole #2 of an adult bull elk skeleton with an arrowhead embedded in its neck vertebrae had long been forgotten. In the pre-Libby era of scientific research, the elk was assessed as Holocene in age and the stone arrowhead as probable evidence of an early Colonial period Amerindian hunting event. Recent review of this discovery and radiocarbon analysis of a portion of the elk skeleton suggests a somewhat greater age and significance.


The Hangzhou Bay Bridge was opened to traffic,so that from Shanghai to Ningbo Hangzhou Bay into a direct bypass,Ningbo,a transport hub into a peripheral.Ningbo Bridge to the various far-reaching impact on industry,industrial design is no exception.In recent years,Ningbo government and enterprises have attached great importance to industrial design,and has taken many positive measures.We have to take full advantage of the positive factors of the bridge,fast and good development of the Ningbo industrial design industry.


Abstract : Experimental studies using a fast-burst neutron reactor to produce O2(1 delta) for use in an iodine transfer laser are described. It was found that nuclear induced discharges in Oxygen-buffer gas mixtures favor copious ozone production at the expense of O2(1 delta) concentrations. Experimental results, kinetics, and scaling relations are given. Additional theoretical analyses of O2(1 delta) production at high pressure using nuclear-pumped flash-lamp photolysis of the ozone indicates an alternate practical method of O2(1 delta) generation for use in high power transfer lasers.


The simplest accretion-disk models have difficulties explaining the optical/UV/soft-X-ray big bump in quasars. Here more realistic models are investigated, incorporating opacity and inclination effects while retaining an analytic form for ease of computation. It is found that opacity effects can explain the uniform 20,000-30,000 K maximum disk temperature derived by previous workers. The observed spectral turndown would be the result of the onset of electron scattering and should not be identified with the hottest part of the disk. The frequency at which this spectral turndown occurs is only weakly dependent on the accretion-disk parameters. These opacity effects also allow high-frequency EUV and soft-X-ray extensions of the big bump without exceeding the Eddington limit strongly. For a wide range of disk parameters, the EUV spectra of quasar disks should have spectral slopes near -1. 85 references.


A complete group theoretical analysis of vibrational modes of the (Ni(NH3)6)(AB4)2 and (Ni(NH3)6)(AB6)2 type of complexes is made. Interpretation of the Raman and IR spectra of (Ni(NH3)6((ClO4)2, (Ni(NH3)6)(BF4)2 and (Ni(NH3)6)(PF6)2 is made. A critical comparison with results reported by other authors is presented.


Edition and analysis of the burlesque version of the myth of Procne and Philomela written by Gonzalo Enriquez de Arana (1661-1738).


This report summarises the main outcomes of several experimental studies carried out by the Joint Research Centre on blockchain solutions for energy systems. It presents considerations and recommendations for European policymakers regarding blockchain deployment across the energy value chain. The outcomes of this report come from a multi-year project funded through an explicit request of the European Parliament to the European Commission, with experiments conducted in the Joint Research Centre smart grids and cybersecurity laboratories.


Styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) from Goniothalamus umbrosus has been shown to have antiviral properties against Herpes Simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). This study aimed to evaluate the purity of isolated SPD and stability of SPD-incorporated formulations. Pure SPD was isolated from dried roots of G. umbrosus as confirmed by GC-MS. Two types of SPD-incorporated products (ointment and gel) were produced. Both products showed stable physical properties after two months and retained the SPD content for one month.


This study used admixture mapping to prioritize the genetic regions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in African American (AA) individuals, followed by ancestry‐aware regression analysis to fine‐map the prioritized regions.


Orthodontic therapy using aligners is a modern treatment option among adult patients. In order to have an optimal control of the orthodontic resuslts, there is a need for knowing the deformation values that can appear in each type of aligner, the optimal thickness values of the appliances and the needed number of aligners for each case. The deformation values for a 0.2 mm repositioned lower central incisor were measured with the use of some strain gauges applied at this level, after a manual set-up was manufactured. Different orthodontic forces were applied on each aligner in order to compare the deformation value during the dental correction. The thickness values of the aligners that were used for this study were 0.625 mm, 0.75 mm and 1 mm. The 0.625 mm aligner had the lowest deformation value dueto a high elasticity of the material.


According to the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation,the problem of inductive communication about passive,unbounded,linear,even,isotropic in conducting medium has been discussed in this article.Based on the method with DSP,the low frequency induction signaling system principle and the composition of the conducting medium have been studied.The result of visual simulation in Matlab shows that the basic request of correspondence can be achieved by the design of low frequency wireless communication system,and the method of the design which is based on DSP is feasible.


Since Qing dynasty,there was increasingly serious differentiation among the peasants in the countryside in the South of Yangtze River,causing the surplus rural labors to come to the small and medium-sized towns and counties.These peasants thus became porters.As they were not free laborers in the true sense,they were not able to solve the ensuing problems.It was not until the late dynasty that the porters became the precursor of modern proletariat and perished as a social group.


This article is dedicated to the investigation of difficulties involved in the understanding of the homomorphism concept. It doesn't restrict to group-theory but on the contrary raises the issue of developing teaching strategies aiming at gaining access to structuralist thinking. Emphasis is put on epistemological analysis and its interaction with didactics in an attempt to make Abstract Algebra more accessible.


Background: this theoretical essay was produced from the reflections and seminars of the PhD Programme in Governance, Knowledge and Innovation, of the Faculty of Economics - University of Coimbra and in the author's personal experience as a public health specialist. The main objective is to deepen the discussion on the concept of social costs in Kapp (Frigato, 2006), and its relationship with public health, also reflecting on the role of the State in the implementation of Public Health Policies. Methods: we follow the guidelines of Meneghetti (2011), understanding that in the essay, the object is studied in its dialectical condition, not necessarily requiring empirical proof. It starts from the guiding questions for theoretical argumentation, seeking to understand the object through associations or analogies, without the formalism of traditional scientific technique. Results: we can see that the Kappian perspective on social costs, expands its reach to the political level, and the concept can serve as a basis for the analysis of public policies. In particular, on public health, this concept contributes to the reflection of the role of the State, in social protection and in its permanent relationship with the market. Conclusion: the Kappian perspective perceives the circularity and interdependence in the relationship between health and the costs of capitalism, favours new insights and a critical reading of the associated institutional political phenomena, power games and conflicts around the public-private relationship in health.


Enforcing distance constraints in support set computation A central part of Compo is determination of the support set of a composite motif. In the basic set model without distance constraints, the support set of a composite motif is calculated simply as the intersection of the support sets of all component motifs. When using distance constraints, this becomes somewhat more complicated. As each single motif may have many hits, we can not simply compare a set of unique positions for each component motif. Instead, distance constraints can be checked either by sliding a window across a sequence of startand end-positions or by enumerating motif hits for each component motif. In a sliding window approach, the start and end positions of each hit for each component motif are sorted in increasing order. This sorted list can then be traversed from start to end by iteratively adding positions from the list to the front of a queue, and removing positions from the back of the queue when they have been passed by the sliding window (when a newly added position is further beyond a given position than the distance constraint). Each time a new position is added to the queue, a set of motifs having both startand endpositions contained in the queue is updated. If the cardinality of this set is high enough (the number of component motifs, possibly minus the allowed number of motif misses), the composite motif has a hit in this sequence conforming to the distance constraints. This can be efficiently computed, with computation dominated by initial sorting of positions, or by the computation of the set of motifs contained in the queue at each time. As the sliding window may contain several hits for the same motif, computation of the set of contained motifs, and optionally checking for motif overlaps is however not straightforward. In enumerating motif hits, the span between first and last position is calculated for each combination of hit positions for the component motifs. The minimum span is found and compared against the distance constraint. If single motif misses are allowed, the different ways of choosing a hit position for M out of the N component motifs are enumerated, with the span checked as before. If motif overlaps should not be allowed, this can be checked simply by testing testing each pair of motif hits. The enumeration of motif hits is exponential to the number of component motifs that have more than one hit. In practical cases, however, the number of component motifs is not very high. This approach can


The coming millennium will be characterized by the availability of multiple information appliances that make ubiquitous information access an accepted fact of life. The ability to access and transform information via a multiplicity of appliances, each designed to suit the user's specific usage environment, requires the exploitation of all available input and output modalities to maximize the band-width of man-machine communication. There will be an increasingly strong demand for devices that present the same set of functionalities when accessing and manipulating the information, independently of the access device. The resulting uniform interface must be inherently multi-modal and dialog driven. This paper addresses the challenges of coordinated, synchronized multimodal user interaction that is inherent in designing user interfaces that work across these multiplicity of information appliances. Amongst the key issues to be addressed are the user's ability to interact in parallel with the same information via a multiplicity of appliances and user interfaces, and the need to present a unified, synchronized view of information across the various appliances that the user deploys to interact with information. We achieve such synchronized interactions and views by adopting the well-known Model, View, Controller (MVC) design paradigm and adapting it to conversational interactions. The resulting conversational MVC (CMVC) is to be considered as the key underlying principle of any conversational multi-modal application.


The current state-of-art HMM-bsed TTS can produce highly intelligible output speech and deliver a decent segmental quality. However, its prosody, especially at the phrase or sentence level, tends to be bland. The blandness of synthesized prosody is partially due to the fact that a state-based HMM is rather inadequate in modeling a global, hierarchical prosodic structure at a sentence or phrase level. In this study, the prosody of longer units are first modeled explicitly by appropriate parametric distributions. The resultant models are then integrated with the state-level baseline models to generate an optimal prosody by maximizing the joint likelihood of all, from state to longer, units. Experimental results in both Mandarin and English show consistent improvements over the state-based baseline system. The improvements are both objectively measurable and subjectively perceivable.


This paper describes the development of a two layer dual-luminophore pressure sensitive paint. In the bottom layer, a reference probe is sealed in Dupont Chroma Clear, which is oxygen impermeable, serving as a reference channel for the correction of temperature or illumination effects. The top layer is a typical formulation of porous polymer/ceramic paint with short response time, which is suitable for unsteady applications. Several options of luminophores are available for both the reference channel and the pressure-sensitive channel; a number of different combinations have been evaluated, among which the best combination was chosen for temperature correction. The thickness of the porous polymer/ceramic paint layer was found to be important since it is directly related to the signal attenuation of the reference channel. The optimum thickness was determined based on optical analysis and modeling. A demonstration of this new DL-PSP was performed in the 6"×22" transonic wind tunnel at The Ohio State University with the optimum paint configuration.


While traded goods are routinely identified in Nubian archaeology, there have been no comprehensive discussions of economic exchange ("trade") in ancient and medieval Nubian societies. This chapter introduces some broader perspectives on ancient economies, including Polanyi's modes of distribution (reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange), to highlight research questions that Nubian archaeology might begin to ask. The chapter summarizes evidence for routes and modes of transportation, makes some preliminary observations on the history of economic structures in Nubia, and presents more detailed evidence for trade between the Nile Valley and the Red Sea in the Meroitic Period


Abstract Many individuals with brain tumors affecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gain weight excessively after tumor treatment. There is currently no FDA-approved treatment for this condition, which is called hypothalamic obesity. In animals and in some preliminary studies in humans, the hypothalamic hormone oxytocin impacts metabolism, and may be deficient in individuals with hypothalamic obesity. Therefore, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial to test the effects of 8 weeks of intranasal administration of oxytocin as compared to placebo on body weight in children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 10-<35y) with excess weight gain related to hypothalamic/pituitary brain tumors (N=13). We did not detect an effect of oxytocin on body weight or other metabolic measures. Overall oxytocin appeared well-tolerated, with most side effects being mild and not different from placebo. Our pilot study yielded several other lessons. First, affected individuals have many other medical problems. Also, individuals with hypothalamic obesity also differ from each other with respect to factors that impact body weight (e. g., appetite and eating behavior) and thus future larger studies could test different individualized dosing strategies, combination therapies, and a wider scope of outcomes to examine further the potential value of oxytocin treatment in this disorder. Keywords: Craniopharyngioma, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypothalamus, Obesity, Weight Loss. Presentation: No date and time listed


A clinically simple and logical classification of pronation deformity in cerebral palsy into four groups is presented. The appropriate procedure for each group is defined. The validity of this classification is documented with our results in 32 patients.


An analysis procedure of Chinese intonation is tentatively proposed from a global perspective. This procedure starts from an observation of the interaction among three prosodic parameters and the hierarchical systems of production by looking at three continuums of utterances, followed by developing a system of acoustic and perceptual based features which can be further applied to the analysis of various types of intonation. This procedure is demonstrated by investigating into the five-syllable utterances produced by a male speaker. This pilot study suggests that the hierarchies of both duration and intensity might go up in a non-linear way in a speaker's mind, while the degree of pitch measured in semitone increases in a linear way. The selection and combination of global features indicate the restriction coming from both extrinsic (the communicative principle of explicitness) and intrinsic factors (the constraint of physical realization).


Scientific computing is used frequently in an increasing number of disciplines to accelerate scientific discovery. Many such computing problems involve the numerical solution of partial differentia ...


The question of whether democratic institutions facilitate terrorist activities is a controversial one in current scientific studies of terrorism. Although the ''rule of law'' is an essential institutional pillar of any mature democracy, its direct effect on domestic and international terrorism remains unexplored. Conceiving democratic rule of law as the coexistence of effective and impartial judicial systems and citizens' recognition of the law as legitimate, the author presents a causal explanation in which a high-quality rule of law is considered to dampen ordinary citizens' opportunity and willingness to engage in political violence, protecting democracies from becoming victims of terrorism. Built on a cross-sectional, time-series data analysis of 131 countries during the period from 1984 to 2004, the author finds that, ceteris paribus, maintaining a sound rule of law notably reduces the likelihood of any type of terrorist events. In short, the rule of law instantiated in democratic institutions provides a formidable bulwark against terrorism.


The EU Policy Agendas Project (EUPAP) was initially developed by Sebastiaan Princen in the context of his work on agenda-setting in the European Union. The first large data collection project focused on the European Council and was carried out in the Netherlands and Italy under the coordination of Petya Alexandrova and Marcello Carammia and with the participation of Arco Timmermans and Sebastiaan Princen. The EUPAP has developed in a decentralized network with researchers of other country Agendas Projects and scholars outside this community embracing the approach and developing new datasets.


The Negishi coupling of aryl bromides or acyl chlorides with organozinc chlorides is catalyzed by a palladium bipyridyl complex anchored on mesoporous silica affording good to high yields of coupling products in the case of electron-deficient aryl bromides.


This paper introduces that the boundary integral equation model is developed based on potential function integral problems of time space, and transformed to linearity integral around object unit. This model can be used to calculate the water pressure acting on the gravity dams.