-- The Risks Analysis is an instrument used by the governments to define an suitable level of protection, to establish guides that guarantee the innocuous foods contribution and to reduce the risk when it is necessary. The objective of the present work is: to initiate the scientific studies on evaluation of microbial risks in the population of Villa El Salvador, by applying the first step: hazard identification, for it the information was obtained by using surveys to demonstrate the sanitary conditions in which the foods are prepared in the commercial establishments of this district as market positions, restaurants and street positions and as well as to determine the hazard of finding foods contaminated with Salmonella sp. The samples were analyzed in the Centro Latinoamericano de Ensenanza e Investigacion de Bacteriologia Alimentaria (CLEIBA) of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the Major National University San Marcos. The technique of sampling and the microbiological analysis were the recommended by the "International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods" (ICMSF). The type of food, the preparation custom, consumption, the conditions of life and the bad hygienic-healthy conditions, and infrastructure observed in the system of sale of food in the market positions and street vendors in Villa El Salvador make the evident risk of contracting an infection by Salmonella sp. Seventy five samples were analyzed, in which it was managed to isolate two samples of Salmonella sp that it corresponds to 3% of analyzed samples that were contaminated; what it indicates to us the existence of a hazard of which foodborne diseases caused by Salmonella sp take place, still more if the bacterium is considered in the ICMSF like of moderate risk, of extensive diffusion.


The existence of speckle noise has seriously affected the application of SAR Image,so it is particularly important to reduce speckle.Although Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion(SRAD) can remove speckle noise as well as preserve edge better,there is still some insufficient sections.On the basis of analyzing SRAD and with the idea of arithmetic of enhanced Lee,the SAR image has been divided in detail into three types of areas: homogeneous area,weak texture area and area with incomplete development noise.Different treatments were used in different types of areas and termination conditions were added into this arithmetic.The experiments have validated that the improved arithmetic have better effect in smoothing and better ability in edge preservation.


This paper will give an insight into Power System State Estimation as it is implemented in the software PowerFactory. The State Estimator function in question consists of several independent components, namely: Measurement Data Plausibility Checking, Observability Analysis, State Estimation (non-linear optimization), and Bad Data Checking. We will focus on new algorithmic aspects within most of these stages. Besides, we will address the performance issues of the presented algorithms. Our main interest, however, will be on a new approach for the Observability Analysis which is based on the close investigation of the system's sensitivities. We draw a one-to-one correspondence of the observability of a network to the rank of a corresponding sensitivity matrix. A new concept of fast pseudo-rank calculation is developed. This method then can be used to calculate the observable parts of the network, as well as to compute a classification of the measurements' redundancies. The performance of the algorithm is tested on a real-world network (with data gained from an underlying ABB MicroSCADA system) and compared to common rank calculation with singular value decompositions on sparse matrices.


In order to reduce the influence on environment which is caused by minerals resource development, and control pollution from fountainhead, one of the most effective method is to make environmental impact assessment to the minerals resource plan. Through analyzing the general situation of the minerals resource plan of our country, and considering the relation of resource, economy, society and environment, the indicator system based on a lot of work of minerals resource plan environmental impact assessment is established. The indicator system can offer references to environmental impact assessment of minerals resource plan.


The objective of this research was to study the results of a fibers transformation procedure from sugar palm leaves into product designs. The population group included the customer group that visited the exhibition at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy in Nakorn Nayok province, Thailand with a total of 1,398 people, and the Multistage Random Sampling with 5-point Rating Scale questionnaires was used in this research. Additionally, the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient value was analyzed for the Variance at the level of 0.85 in One-Way or Single-Factor ANOVA. In this case, it was found that the customers had the satisfaction with the products based on five attributes at the most suitable level, (Mean= 4.044, S.D. = 0.837), and in the comparative pairs, there were the differences with the significance of .05, except for the unique factors and the suitable applied factors having strong relationships and the significant connections to one another.


The direct dependence of traffic safety and quality of maintenance of railway automation devices from the level of training of specialists in higher educational institutions is shown. The estimation of the influence of educational work with students on the attitude to learning and obtaining knowledge is given. Three main levels of out-of-class work with students have been singled out: general university, group and individual. The range of measures that contribute to the upbringing of a comprehensively developed future specialist has been determined and expanded. The article describes the dependence of the training quality of a specialist from the number of training and education directions involved, as well as a set of methods of influence on each individual student during his education at a higher educational institution. The introduction of the outlined measures at the Department of Automation and Computer Telecontrol of Trains of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport helps to increase the interest of students to obtaining an education of European level.


On the basis of the small business cluster to promote technology innovation providing an overview of the theoretical foundation,this paper analyzes the comparative advantages and the existing problems of small enterprise cluster development in Zhejiang province sporting goods industry,then makes strategic options that the small business clusters of Zhejiang province sporting goods industry is formed.


This study aimed to analyze the social changes in rural areas as a consequence of the shift of peasants to non-agrarian activities. Social change in the context of this paper is associated with livelihood diversification and its implications for rural restratification and its characteristic today.The research is conducted using qualitative method through community case study approach. Data collection is obtained through direct observation, face-to-face interviews and personal history. Respective perspective from three generations is used to track community history and changes that occur in the context of the village, community, and agricultural activities. The result shows that economic diversification has created a new rurality. New rurality or present-day rural characteristic are indicated by increasing prosperity, and agriculture that is no longer the dominant source of income. Livelihood diversification provides opportunities for vertical social mobility for the rural poors which are the offsprings of farm laborers and tenants who choose to become migrant workers in Korea. There has been a restratification characterized by the emergence of migrant groups as a new social class that shifts the upper class position previously occupied by landlords and their descendants. They are a new upper class in social stratification in the rural that manages to show their prosperity through the accumulation of capital from remittances they brought back to the village.


Fluid phase separation in model athermal mixtures of colloids and polymers is examined by means of the first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory of Wertheim [M. S. Wertheim, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 7323 (1987); W. G. Chapman, G. Jackson, and K. E. Gubbins, Mol. Phys. 65, 1057 (1988)]. The colloidal particles are modeled simply as hard spheres, while the polymers are represented as chains formed from tangent hard-sphere segments. In this study the like (colloid–colloid, polymer–polymer) and unlike (polymer–colloid) repulsive interactions are treated at the same level of microscopic detail; we do not employ the common Asakura–Oosawa (AO) approximations which essentially involve treating the polymer as an ideal (noninteracting) chain. The effect of varying both the chain length and the diameter of the hard-sphere segments of the polymer on the fluid phase behavior of the model polymer–colloid system is investigated. We focus our attention on the stability of the fluid phase relative to a demixing transition into colloid-rich and polymer-rich fluid phases by using a spinodal instability analysis and determine the full coexistence boundaries (binodal). The colloid–polymer system represents the limit where the diameter of the colloid is much larger than the diameter of the segments making up the polymer chain. The precise segment/colloid diameter ratio at which liquid–liquid demixing first occurs is examined in detail as a function of the chain length of the polymer. In the case of moderately short chains the addition of polymer induces the "colloidal vapor–liquid" transition found in polymer–colloid systems, while for long chains a "polymeric vapor–liquid" transition is found. The diameter of the polymeric segments must lie between the AO limit (minimum diameter) and the so-called protein limit (maximum diameter) in order for the system to exhibit fluid–fluid phase separation. The maximum value of the segment diameter which induces phase separation is determined from a simple approximate stability analysis. The critical density of the demixing transitions is not found to tend to be zero for infinitely long polymers, but has a limiting value which depends on the diameter of the segment. An examination of the thermodynamic properties of mixing indicates that the fluid–fluid phase separation in such systems is driven by a large positive enthalpy of mixing which is induced by a large positive volume of mixing due to the unfavorable polymer–colloid excluded volume interactions. The enthalpy of mixing makes an unfavorable contribution to the overall Gibbs free energy (which is seen to counter the favorable entropy of mixing), giving rise to fluid–fluid immiscibility.


Jordanita (Solaniterna) subsolana (Staudinger, 1862) was discovered in eastern Kazakhstan using the sex attractant EFETOV-2 (2-butyl 2-dodecenoate) synthesised in the Crimean Federal University. This is the first record of J. (S.) subsolana from Kazakhstan. As this species is now found on the border of Kazakhstan and China, most probably that J. (S.) subsolana is also present in China. An overview of the Zygaenidae fauna of Kazakhstan is presented.


In order for a company to perform well, nothing is to be left to chance. Managers fulfill a great variety of tasks very fast, which determines the necessity for marketing managers to not only be well documented, but also inspired in selecting the appropriate communication strategies that correspond to the special events that are being organized. Countless studies show that receivers (consumers) prefer certain communication channels, and that those transmitting the messages have their own channel preferences (Rice et. all., 1998). Therefore, the efficiency of marketing communication relies on the transmitter (marketing manager) identifying and choosing the specific communication channels that the receiver (consumer) prefers. Under these terms and conditions, the challenge consists in identifying the correct channels preferred by the clients that are aimed at organizing special events.


Astigmatic keratotomy (AK) is a common and safe procedure to correct post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) astigmatism in patients affected by keratoconus (KC). We report the case of a post-PKP AK that was performed inversely by mistake in a private practice. A new AK was performed by our practice in order to correct the remarkably high astigmatism (19 D) that was created with the previous inverse procedure. Fourteen months later, astigmatism had decreased by 12.9 D and central corneal thickness had increased by 35 μm.


This study aimed to determine the effect of water hyacinth addition to farm waste on the number of earthworms, earthworm weight, media shrinkage, vermicompost quality, and the sustainability and sensitivity of earthworm farming. The study was prepared using a completely randomized design with two different factors, the water hyacinth (media without water hyacinth and media with 5% water hyacinth addition) and raw materials from farm waste (chicken and cow manure, and biogas sludge from chicken and cow manure), with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that the addition of water hyacinth to raw materials from farm waste had a very significant effect on the number of earthworms, earthworm weight, media shrinkage, vermicompost quality (except for P2O5 level that had no significant increase). When manure is to be added to the cultivation media, it is recommended to use cow manure, while both types of biogas sludge (from chicken and cow manure) are good for the cultivation of earthworm. Based on the study of sustainability, the use of farm waste and water hyacinth as media to raise earthworm gives a positive value in economic and environmental aspects. Therefore, it has great potential.


There is no Latin American or Third World debt crisis-a crisis cannot last eight years. But there is a grave chronic problem, a severe ailment afflicting scores of countries and hundreds of millions of people, brought about in large part by the financial disaster summarized as the foreign debt. It is part of the deep and deepening inequality of the richer and poorer parts of the world; and ameliorating it should have the highest priority. How the debt problem arose is well understood, and it is fairly evident what has to be done about it. Yet there is no active leadership and little movement to do away with the incubus. The necessary action is contrary to the short-term interests of creditors, governments, and even to a considerable extent of debtors, or decisionmakers in debtor countries. Rational policies are excluded, the world is weary of failed proposals, and the subject becomes less discussable and is increasingly neglected. The gravity of the problem is hard to exaggerate. Almost all countries of Latin America are in an apparently permanent depression of nongrowth and poor prospects; the chief options for improvement are drugs and emigration. Latin America has been radically underinvesting for a decade, living on past resources and consuming infrastructure, both economic and human, without adequate replacement. Capital moves not from the capital-rich to the capital-needy nations but the reverse; capital flight from the biggest debtor nations approximates the amount of the foreign debt. Inflation is high almost everywhere, making economic calculations difficult; in a number of countries, it has exploded into four digits, making the monetary system unworkable. Social services have decayed. Undernourished and chronically ill children are undereducated in crumbling educational systems; productivity of labor will be reduced for many years to come. Unemployment not only makes waste and loss of skills but also causes social problems. Human capabilities are drained away as many of the more capable, especially young people, seek better prospects elsewhere. In the widespread demoralization, corruption becomes an omnipresent plague, and lack of faith in improvement makes reform difficult. Just how much the standard of living has suffered is not clear. Statistics such as those published by the World Bank are suspect, because both the Bank and the countries that furnish the information have a strong interest in a rosy picture. Data on


In parallel computation two approaches are common; namely unbounded parallelism and bounded parallelism. In this paper both approaches will be considered. The problem of unbounded parallelism is studied in section II and some lower and upper bounds on different connectivity problems for directed and undirected graphs are presented. In section III we mention bounded parallelism and three different k-parallel graph search techniques, namely k-depth search, breadth depth search, and breadth-first search. Each algorithm is analyzed with respect to the optimal serial algorithm. It is shown that for sufficiently dense graphs the parallel breadth first search technique is very close to the optimal bound. Techniques for searching sparse graphs are also discussed.


2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag Gm Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used in medical sectors, such as in joint-replacement prostheses in reconstructive surgery, because of its high strength and stiffness, good fatigue and wear characteristics, and relatively easy processibility compared with metal and ceramic implants. UHMWPE fibers with high strength are also a good candidate for use in bullet-proof vests, climbing/fishing apparatus, and bow strings. Accordingly, several fabrication methods for mechanically enhancing UHMWPE have been attempted: addition of fillers (e.g., carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and nanoparticles), self-reinforcement with UHMWPE fibers, and cross-linking. For the past two decades, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been investigated for use as the filler in CNT/polymer composites, due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, although the uncontrollable aggregation of pristine CNTs in composite matrices, leading to a loss or decrease of the unique properties of the individual CNTstrands, still hampers the commercial production of CNT/polymer composites. Although various successful methods have been developed for producing CNT/polymer composites composed of well-dispersed, shortened, or functionalized CNTs, these CNTs have deformed structures, and, consequently, the unique properties of pristine CNTs would be deteriorated. CNT/polyethylene (PE) composites have been formed by ultrasonication, mechanical mixing of CNTs and melted polymers, in situ polymerization with CNTs, the use of functionalized CNTs to enhance the affinity of CNTs toward the polymer matrices, and the use of catalysts or initiators immobilized onto CNTs. However, as far as we know, the production of pristine CNT/UHMWPE composites has been unsuccessful up to now, because of the insolubility of UHMWPE, and its high viscosity in the melted form. We have previously reported that high-density PE could be grown from CNTs using Cp2ZrCl2 (Cp : cyclopentadienyl) adsorbed onto the CNTs as a catalyst, resulting in a uniform dispersion of CNTs in a PEmatrix. Themolecular weight of the PE was found to be increased by this method. Based on these results, we reasoned that our method, using CNT-supported catalysts, should lead to the production of pristine CNT/ UHMWPE composites with a uniform dispersion of CNTs in a UHMWPE matrix, if the catalyst was properly chosen. Of the transition metals, titanium is a strong candidate, because of its strongest electrophilic character, other than for lanthanides. The electrophilic character of titanium would induce strong electronic interactions between the CNTs and half-titanocenes, which would change the catalytic performances of half-titanocenes (CpTiCl3 and Cp*TiCl3, Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) adsorbed onto the CNTs. In this paper, we report the successful production of pristine multiwalled CNT (MWCNT)/UHMWPE composites, composed of well-separated, UHMWPE-coated individual MWCNTs, by in situ polymerization of half-titanocenes adsorbed onto pristine MWCNTs (Fig. 1). CpTiCl3 or Cp*TiCl3 was adsorbed onto pristine MWCNTs via the interactions between the Cp rings and the sidewalls of the MWCNTs, producing a precatalyst (MWCNT-CpTiCl3 (1) or MWCNT-Cp*TiCl3 (2)). The adsorption was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The EDS spectra showed the existence of half-titanocenes in the formed precatalysts: the Ti Ka peak was observed at 4.56 keV for 1 and 2, and theClKapeak at 2.63 keV for 1 andat2.66 keVfor2, respectively (seeSupportingInformation (SI)). The XPS data (see SI) also showed Ti peaks at 458.2 eV (Ti 2p3/2) and 463.9 eV (Ti 2p1/2) for 1, and at 458.5 eV (Ti 2p3/2) and 463.9 eV (Ti 2p1/2) for 2, [26] indicating successful immobilization of the half-titanocenes onto the MWCNTs. After activation of the precatalysts with methylalumoxane (MAO), ethylene polymerization was carried out for 1 h with ethylene gas at a pressure of 1.01 10 Pa. We obtained extremely high molecular weight (Mw) PEs from the 1/driedMAO system (Mw1⁄4 2 273000 gmol 1 at polymerization temperature Tp1⁄4 30 8C, and Mw1⁄4 989 600 g mol 1 at Tp1⁄4 50 8C, Table 1). The 2/dried MAO system yielded higher-Mw PE (e.g., Mw1⁄4 1 063 000 g mol 1 at Tp1⁄4 50 8C). The Mw increase was remarkable, compared with conventional methods, which use free half-titanocenes (Fig. 2 and SI). For example, theMw was increased from 165 200 g mol 1 to 2 273 000 g mol 1 (more than


In recent times, velocity surveys at marine well locations have been performed using non-explosive energy sources such as air-guns and gas guns. In addition, surveys in land wells have been successfully carried out using a modified version of the air-gun. This paper illustrates some of the characteristics of these devices and compares the data obtained from typical surveys with conventional dynamite surveys.

Since data obtained from well velocity surveys using non-explosive sources are now commonly recorded on tape, they lend themself to further digital processing and interpretation techniques that were not previously so conveniently available. Some examples of these processes, e.g. the examination of attenuation, frequency and energy content of the recorded well geophone signals, are given in the paper. Examples of some other digital processes, using calibrated Acoustic logs, whether recorded digitally in the field or subsequently converted from analogue recordings, are also given in the paper. These include the construction of an Acoustic log in the vertical axis from logs obtained in deviated wells.


The impact of what has happened in the last five years in Nicaragua can be grasped only against the background of the previous period. Thus this article begins by reaching back ten years to an important event which captured something of the spirit of the revolution. Then it moves to a statement reflecting people's shock at the 1990 turn of events. We then enter into an analysis of what has happened under the Chamorro administration.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


A completely TTL-compatible, single 5V supply, nonvolatile RAM utilizing a three-layer polysllicon process and a low-current floating-gate tunneling approach, will be described.


The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-dimension seismic attribute fusion method and device. The method comprises the steps that the seismic attribute information of a plurality of edge layers of geological explanation layer position data is extracted along an edge position; the seismic attribute information of each edge layer is divided into a preset number of zone block point sets; through an algorithm, the seismic attribute information of one edge layer is selected for representing the geological target features of the seismic attribute information common zone block point sets; and the seismic attribute plane information point sets of the seismic attribute information of all the selected edge layers are integrated into a seismic attribute plane information point set, and infused edge layer seismic attribute information is obtained. The edge layer seismic attribute information obtained by infusion according to the scheme can well reflect different geologic features of a whole geologic body.


Abstract The effects of abrupt dietary energy changes on daily feed and caloric intake during the transition from the pullet to the layer programs and on subsequent layer performance were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, birds were fed pullet diets containing 2943, 3113, or 3187 kcal TMEn/kg from 11 through 18 wk of age and then fed layer diets containing either 2829 or 2943 kcal TMEn/kg from 18 through 34 wk. In Experiment 2, birds were fed pullet diets containing either 2863 or 3259 kcal TMEn/kg from 11 through 18 wk of age and then fed layer diets containing 2845, 2958, or 3073 kcal TMEn/kg from 18 through 34 wk. Within two to three days following the change from pullet to layer diets, birds adjusted their feed intakes so that daily caloric intakes were similar among treatments in most cases. The results indicate that 18-wk-old pullets adapt rapidly to abrupt dietary energy changes when switched from pullet grower diets to layer diets.


Salinization disturbs metabolic processes of plants and results in reduced growth and productivity. In our study, the Dongnong 8809 variety of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) was evaluated for its physiological responses to salt stress during the seedling stage. We evaluated biomass production, relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf gas-exchange parameters. Our results indicated that salt stress greatly reduced matter accumulation, SPAD value, photosynthetic capacity. However, seedlings treated with exogenous sugars showed significantly enhanced matter accumulation, SPAD value, quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate, net photosynthetic rate, decreased stomatal limitation value, and improved photosynthetic capacity compared to seedlings treated with salt stress alone. Exogenous glucose and sucrose can alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on the growth of triticale, and of the two exogenous sugars, sucrose had a stronger alleviating effect than that of glucose under salt stress.


The hydromechanical properties of the four kinds of various active carbon layer in the bed were studied. Through the determination of relations among the thickness of the layer in the bed, gas velocity, kinds of active carbon and the pressure drop in the layer, a series of curves, from which the causes affecting differences of pressure drop being discovered, were obtained. The results provide necessary foundation for engineering design in industry applications.


Arc discharge synthesis retains advantages over CVD methods, particularly if the rapid production of nanoparticles with fewer topological defects is required. in order to economically bring nanoparticle-based materials and products to market, a huge gap between present laboratory-scale nanoparticle production capabilities and the requirements for their industrial-scale production needs to be filled without compromising the quality. A fundamental understanding of the processes which govern the formation of nanoparticles is required to design industrial-scale automated production units. Detailed characterization of the plasma in the growth regions enables one to identify the parameters favoring the formation of nanoparticles in plasmas. However, since it is very difficult to directly measure these parameters (especially spatial distributions of the species concentrations, plasma densities, and temperatures), numerical simulation software is essential to model, understand and predict the growth of nanoparticles in plasmas.


* Lecturer of Department of History, Master of Arts (Magister Agama dan Lintas Budaya), Faculty of Cultural Studies, Gadjah Mada University. This.paper is based on Library Research at National University of Singapore and University School of Southeast Asian Studies and Language, Flinders University, Adelaide.2003. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. T. Ibrahim Alfian, M.A., Prof. Dr. John C. Rein (Temple University), Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Ayyoub (Temple University), Prof. Dr. Anthony Reid (ARI-NUS), Dr.:V edi R. Hadiz (NUS) and Dr. Jim Schiller (Flinders University). INTRODUCTION Opening the 20th century, residency of Semarang and the neighboring regions such as Jepara, Rembang and Pekalongan became, the first (impression) in the internal migration context. In 1930's for instance, Semarang immigrants made up to 41 % of the population. When the railroroad was built and accelerated the villagers move to city, villages became a partner for the city development. The Indies railways was operated, it needed many skilled workers, laborers, land' and financial support. The road building workers usually were Chinese and natives. Native workers were placed as clerk, station master or machinist. In 1918, for instance, reported that the Indies state railways employed at least 179 Dutch officials born in Europe and amount 564 born in Indies. The need of skilled workers in 1918 increased after NetherlandsIndies Spoonweg (NIS) was sold to Staatsspoorweg (SS) in 1913 due to financial corruption and mismanagement. By 1914's, in Semarang it was reported that the opening of Semarang-Chirebon Stoomtram Maatchappij that connected Semarang and the westem areas the need of railway workers rapidly increased. They were usually imported from village areas around Semarang and Cirebon or from kampung dwellers in the city. They found work as labour loading merchandise in harbour and railway stations. Furthermore, since the Chinese in Semarang THE IDEOLOGY OF KAMPUNG : A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON COASTAL CITY SEMARANG


PURPOSE: A data transmission method and a data receiving method are provided to have an improved a data transmission rate by transmitting subcarriers through a plurality of frequency channels excluding a frequency channel. CONSTITUTION: The presence of a frequency band occupied by the outside is determined(S110). The occupied frequency band is detected(S120). Frequency channels used for the transmission of data subcarriers are selected based on the detected frequency band(S130). A request signal including information about the selected frequency channels is transmitted to a data receiving device(S140). The control part generates control screams including the information about the selected frequency channels. A plurality of data symbols and null signals are changed by OFDM(S150). Changed subcarriers are transmitted to the data receiving device(S160).


Abstract : The critical factors involved in the selection of fluids and lubricants for deep ocean equipment are defined, and methods of determining critical properties are described. The values of critical properties are given for fluids and lubricants as they have been determined or are known from previous literature. Suggestions also are given on the applicability and possible limitations of the fluids and lubricants for deep submergence vehicle use.


A symposium paper on financing industrial development in the then Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), originally presented at the symposium on Industry in Rhodesia.


This article provides an overview of the shortcomings in online education in today's pandemic conditions and the possible solutions to them. Indeed today, the quality of online education is at a very above level and not everyone is aware of it. If this article is little, foreign experiments have come to eliminate these shortcomings.


The electric field-assisted charge carrier photogeneration in a Ladder-Type Methyl substituted Poly(Para-Phenylene) was investigated by studying the electromodulated ultrafast transient differential absorption spectra and kinetics. The field stimulated appearance of the polaron absorption and quenching of the singlet exciton absorption proves that dissociation of excitons into geminately bound electron-hole pairs occurs within the entire exciton lifetime and proceeds from the relaxed state. An influence of the optically created excitons and charge pairs on the Stark-shift of the absorption band was observed and interpreted as caused by the modification of the dielectric constant of the medium. The initial separation distance of the charge carriers and its evolution in time were determined from the Stark-shift dynamics. The initial separation distance was obtained being slightly larger than the distance between adjacent polymer chains.


We formulate a local dynamical model of an eccentric disc in which the dominant motion consists of elliptical Keplerian orbits. The model is a generalization of the well-known shearing sheet, and is suitable for both analytical and computational studies of the local dynamics of eccentric discs. It is spatially homogeneous in the horizontal dimensions but has a time-dependent geometry that oscillates at the orbital frequency. We show how certain averages of the stress tensor in the local model determine the large-scale evolution of the shape and mass distribution of the disc. The simplest solutions of the local model are laminar flows consisting of a (generally non-linear) vertical oscillation of the disc. Eccentric discs lack vertical hydrostatic equilibrium because of the variation of the vertical gravitational acceleration around the eccentric orbit, and in some cases because of the divergence of the orbital velocity field associated with an eccentricity gradient. We discuss the properties of the laminar solutions, showing that they can exhibit extreme compressional behaviour for eccentricities greater than about 0.5, especially in discs that behave isothermally. We also derive the linear evolutionary equations for an eccentric disc that follow from the laminar flows in the absence of a shear viscosity. In a companion paper we show that these solutions are linearly unstable and we determine the associated growth rates and unstable modes.


The goal of our project was to enhance the quality and efficiency of Ricker Hill's hard cider production. This was accomplished by identifying the species of bacterial infections, developing cider and juice flavor compounds, determining yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) levels in juice samples, and optimizing Ricker Hill's cross-flow filter. As a result of our work, Acetobacter was identified as the primary infecting bacteria. We also concluded through YAN testing that all samples were nutrient deficient and produced sulfur byproducts during fermentation. The presence of sulfur compounds was confirmed in the GC-MS analysis. Finally, we found the optimal pressure and flowrate for Ricker Hill's crossflow filter.


Hydrostatic power transmission between the rotor of a wind turbine and the generator, which can be placed on the ground, is a way to reduce the cost of installing a turbine, reducing the mass placed at height. The article shows the ability of a hydrostatic transmission to cope with a disturbance due to the change in the air flow that drives the turbine rotor. When increasing the air flow, which would normally lead to an increase in the drive speed of the electric generator, by adjusting the geometric volume of the hydraulic pump connected to the wind rotor with a PID regulator, the drive speed of the generator is kept constant. The load of the electric generator is also simulated hydraulically.


The present study proposed to analyse the present stage of genetical improvement in some morphological and yielding traits in Ţurcana sheep breed within Sibiu county area. On this purpose, researches have been conducted within two flocks, including 500 and respectively 470 females. A number of 200 females from each flock were designed for pure-breeding, while the other ones were cross-breeded by German Black Head rams, for lamb producing. Measurements included all rams and 15 % of purebreed ewes. As average milk yield ranged very closed (65.7966.12 kg), a high uniformity intra and and interherd occures for this trait. Ewes height (65.79-66.12 cm ) also expressed high uniformity. Average weight (44.78–46.50 kg in ewes and 75.61-77.24 in rams) is obviously higher that data mentioned in the literature, as a result of sustained and systematic labor towards genetic improvement. Hig reproductive indicators (fecundity 92-94%, birth rate 107-108 %, is also an expression of an efficient breeding activity attdended by an appropriate exploitation


Discloses a herbicidal composition comprising 1- (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) -3- (3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylsulfonyl) urea or a salt thereof and at least one compound selected from N- (phosphonomethyl) glycine, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium cation, 1,1'-bipyridine-2,2'-cation and a salt of the compound as an active ingredient.


Using the cDNA of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),which isolated from Jilin named as JL-12,and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)plasmid as template,ORF5 and faeGgenes were amplified by PCR and sequenced.The constructed recombinant plasmids pGAPZαAORF5and pGAPZαA-ORF5-FaeG were respectively transformed into Pichia pastoris expression system to construct recombinant bacteria and acquire recombinant yeast which secretes and expresses the proteins.The expressed products were verified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot.In result,GP5 protein and GP5-FaeG fusion protein were acquired with good reactionogenicities,and GP5 protein and GP5-FaeG fusion protein were approximately 24 ku and 52 ku in molecular mass,respectively.The above-mentioned result laid the foundations for the molecular biological function and development of genetic engineering vaccine of PRRSV.


The Golden Rule and similar sayings are presented, and a structural representation using sequential signed relations is developed. The different signed relations with two points and two directed lines are interpreted to determine additional variations on the Golden Rule. Finally, a theory of structural balance is discussed.


The invention aims to provide a silicone resin composite, which enables to provide condensates with high rigidity and excellent heat resistance, transparency and light transmittance in a low wavelength region and shows high die shear strength, suitable for die bonding of LED elements and the like. For this purpose, the invention provides a silicone resin composite for die bonding and the silicone resin composite comprises the following ingredients from (A) to (E), wherein (A) is straight-chain organic polysiloxanes expressed by Formula (1), (B) is three dimensional net organic polysiloxane resins which, expressed by Formula (2), are waxy or solid at the temperature of 23 DEG, (C) is organic hydrogenated polysiloxanes which, expressed by Formula (3), in each molecule has at least two hydrogen atoms bonded on silicon atoms, (D) is catalysts of the platinum metal category, and (E) is smoky silicas.


Recent times witness heavy usage of high‐speed vehicles specially trains commuting long distances. Managing connectivity both indoor and outdoor for these vehicular networks is inevitable. Practically, the concept of wireless fidelity (WiFi) proves to be very fluctuating for the indoor users travelling in high‐speed vehicles as it operates under radio frequencies in the frequency spectrum, and handoff becomes mandatory as the user is mobile. With the introduction of light fidelity (LiFi), indoor connectivity between the mobile terminals is improved as the conversation is through light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photo detectors, which act as transmitters and receivers, respectively. Usage of LiFi in the high‐speed vehicular networks also nullifies the repercussions generated by using WiFi's highly radiated electro magnetic (EM) waves. The work proposes the use of LiFi in high‐speed rail networks for passengers streaming of videos. Travelers in train can access internet using LiFi, which uses ultra asymmetrically and symmetrically clipping optical (ASCO)–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (UASCO‐OFDM) as its modulation technique. A proxy server is deployed to enhance video streaming. Furthermore, the travelers using internet need handoff in case of change in connectivity between access points (APs) of WiFi and LiFi for both outdoor and indoor, respectively. The work emphasizes on handoff based on the estimation of signal to interference ratio (SIR) followed by the combination of grey system. The performance analysis of the proposed system shows improvements in handoff probability, average delay, and spectral efficiency of modulation technique when compared to the existing literature.


Herein, direct production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation by molecular oxygen was greatly enhanced over modified activated carbon fiber (ACF) catalysts. We revealed that the higher content of pyrrolic/pyridone nitrogen (N5) and carboxyl-anhydride oxygen could effectively promote the higher selectivity and yield of H2O2. By changing the volume ratio of the concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3, the content of N5 and surface oxygen containing groups on ACF were selectively tuned. The ACF catalyst with the highest N5 content and abundant carboxyl-anhydride oxygen containing groups was demonstrated to have the highest activity toward catalytic H2O2 production, enabling the selectivity of H2O2 over 99.3% and the concentration of H2O2 reaching 123 mmol/L. The crucial effects of nitrogen species were expounded by the correlation of the selectivity of H2O2 with the content of N5 from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The possible reaction pathway over ACF catalysts promoted by N5 was also shown.


Plasmodium falciparum malaria is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical Africa. Chloroquine phosphate emerged as the revolutionary drug of choice for the prevention and treatment of malaria, pushing the previously administered quinine to the sidelines. However, since the 1970s, sensitivity to chloroquine has been on the decline. In response to this, health professionals began to turn to a different drug: artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT). ACT is now accepted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the most effective strategy to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria, despite some initial misgivings (their long-term usefulness has yet to be determined). In this light, based on a few tentative studies conducted since 2003, the WHO has established an emerging, yet noticeable, trend in growing resistance to ACT drugs. Although, at this moment, there is no hard evidence of any ACT resistance within the Ugandan population, this paper will explore, through published and unpublished sources, and a baseline survey conducted in July 2008 by AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation, an international medical organisation based in Kenya), how this resistance will soon emerge in Uganda, what the precipitating factors are, and through a careful evaluation of these causes, offer courses of action so as avoid the devastating consequences of ACT resistance. Author's Note Elana Siegel graduated from Brown University as a pre-medical candidate with a major in Slavic Studies (with admission to the National Slavic Honor Society). In July and August of 2008 she worked as a research assistant for Col. (ret) Robert Leitch, M.B.E., in Uganda, for the African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF), in a project regarding a baseline study of the malaria, AIDS and TB (MAT) Integrated Model. She is a native of London, UK.


This bachelor thesis deals with design of reconstruction of the Za Skodovkou street in
Hradec Kralove. The thesis targets modification of the existing road, its structure,
adjustment for pedestrians and parallel parking. Furthermore, adjustment of
watercourse bank and bus stops is presented.


After years of neglect by policymakers in the US, nuclear energy is back on the table as a cost-competitive, emissions-free source of power generation. But developers and industry proponents face a number of challenges, not least convincing a sceptical public.


Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films were deposited on glass substrates in a sequence like; Cu/Zn/Sn/Se/Cu using thermal evaporation method. To prevent the loss of materials from the surface, capping was done by depositing Cu at the top. Post deposition annealing has been carried out at 400°C with four different ramp time of 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes and 8minutesand the samples were named as P2, P4, P6 and P8respectively. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the annealed films were improved for the films with 2 min and 4 min ramp time. The result suggests that the annealing profile has a major impact on CZTSe absorber layer formation.


A 63-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of trismus. Clinical examinations revealed severe trismus and severe stiffness of the masseter and sternocleidmastoid muscles, but there were no symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, maxillofacial tumors, or infectious diseases. Blood examinations showed a marked increase in serum creatine phosphokinase activity. The cerebrospinal fluid was normal. These findings led to the clinical diagnosis of tetanus. The patient was admitted to the hospital immediately and received antibiotics, midazolam, and propofol. However, she refused antitetanic human immunoglobulin to avoid the risk associated with blood products. We exchanged some documents that certified our exemption from responsibility for not using antitetanic immunoglobulin beforethe operation. Tracheal intubation and tracheotomy were performed because of tetanus dorsalis, airway obstruction, and circulatory disturbance. She was discharged on the 86 th hospital day. There were no functional sequelae.


AbstractThe STARTRK-NG (Studies of Tumor Alterations Responsive to Targeting Receptor Kinases - Next Generation) trial is a Phase 1/1b study of entrectinib in pediatric patients with cancer, including primary brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and other non-neuroblastoma, extracranial solid tumors harboring NTRK, ROS1, or ALK gene fusions (NCT02650401). Entrectinib is a potent oral, CNS-penetrant, inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases TRKA/B/C (encoded by the genes NTRK1/2/3, respectively), ROS1, and ALK with IC50s 10% incidence) treatment-related adverse events have been fatigue/asthenia, dysgeusia, paresthesia, nausea, myalgia, diarrhea, dizziness, arthralgia, vomiting, and constipation; importantly, there has been no evidence of cumulative toxicity. In addition, we have treated a 20-month-old boy presenting with infantile fibrosarcoma metastatic to the brain, which harbored an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Tumor restaging following 1 month of therapy showed a significant tumor regression of CNS metastases accompanied by significant clinical improvement. Together, these data provide compelling evidence to identify pediatric patients harboring NTRK, ROS1, or ALK fusions for enrollment in the STARTRK-NG trial.


The main purpose of this paper is an analysis of the stability problem of a flying vehicle with a cable's uncoiling system. The flying vehicle motion is described in set of axes fixed with the vehicle and nonlinear differential equations are developed. Authors give a discription of the linearized mathematical model of this kind of system. The mathematical model is a set of linearized differential equations and involves descrcription of the cables influence on the dynamics of vehicle. The solution of the linearized differential equations is based on calculating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Authors have given a numerical example of the investigated problem.


Water stress or synonymy referring to the drought season is the major abiotic stress which affect growth, physiology and biochemical activity in plant and cause major losses to agriculture production sector. This study was aimed to determine the effects of exogenous application of brassinolide (BR) and combination of minerals on growth performance, physiological and biochemical changes of banana plantlets (Musa acuminata cv. Berangan) under water stress condition. The leaves of the whole plantlets were foliar sprayed for every two weeks interval with three treatments; (i) BR as control, (ii) magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) + calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and (iii) combination of BR + MgCO3 + CaCO3. The plants were also subjected to water stress treatments: 50%, 75% and 100% of the field capacity. The treatments were assigned as split-plot design in randomized complete block design (RCBD) arrangement. Water stress had significantly reduced major growth parameters (plant height, pseudo-stem diameter and total leaf area) but enhanced accumulation of proline and malondialdehyde content in leaves tissue. These findings also provided profound new insights and water stress by regulating the changes on stomata conductance and vapour pressure deficit under severe water stress condition.


With an introduction of the model of the sun shine,and its character,this paper studies the time-series model of short-term solar irradiance,and establishes modeling,simulation and forecasting methods for short-term solar irradiance model.It develops 4 time-scale ARMA models,and verifies that ARMA model can accurately represent the correlation existing in short-term solar irradiance time series.


Our findings are consistent with the European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Anaesthesiology Guidelines published in 2014, which recommend measuring both preoperative and postoperative NT-proBNP levels for perioperative risk stratification in patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery with one alteration of functional status (less than four metabolic equivalents), or at least one factor on the revised Cardiac Risk Index in the case of vascular surgery, or two factors in the case of nonvascular surgery. Preoperative NT-proBNP measurement will improve risk stratification, whereas postoperative measurement could aid in the early diagnosis of clinically silent disease.


IntroductionSri Lanka is undergoing catharsis after a resurgent Sri Lankan army ended, on 19 May 2009, the twenty-five-year-long national ordeal at the hands of Velupillai Prabhakaran and the LTTE. Since 1983 Sri Lanka had waged war against the LTTE in three spells that ended in a stalemate. The final victory came only in the fourth episode that started in mid-2006. The victory has come at a great cost - the lives of nearly 24,000 soldiers, over 27,000 LTTE cadres and about 80,000 civilians. Millions of rupees worth of infrastructure, material and habitations were destroyed.At the macro level, Sri Lanka's success has demonstrated how a determined national leadership can decisively defeat a strong, well-armed and globally networked insurgent group. A dynamic military leadership managed to turn a demoralised army into a winning force and regain control of over 16,000 sq km of territory in more than eight districts. The Sinhala community's ethnic pride, hurt by the LTTE's spectacular raid on Katunayake airbase in July 2001, destroying seventeen aircraft, has been regained. The victory has also given rise to triumphalism bordering on Sinhala chauvinism, and resurfacing of fundamentalist Buddhist elements in politics. This appears to be affecting the way Sri Lanka looks at the unresolved issues of ethnic minorities, and global prescriptions to resolve them.Though the country has embarked on a huge reconstruction and rehabilitation programme in the war-torn areas of North and East and other parts, overt and covert suppression of fundamental freedoms, including media rights, through intimidation and coercive use of legal provisions and gross violation of human rights have become a part of life. Ministers and law- enforcing agencies continue to act without accountability. Corruption has become endemic. Opposition and civil society concerns on these aberrations have been ignored or given short shrift. These actions have marred some of the positive achievements of the government particularly in managing the economy and restoring tourist trade.The serial war effort has drained the country's economy and hobbled growth. Over 300,000 people of the Northern Province had become destitute, losing everything - their kin, livelihood, land and housing. Billions of rupees worth of infrastructure, public service facilities and housing have been destroyed, often repeatedly. Over 90,000 women have been widowed. The trauma of the war-affected is likely to linger on for quite a few years.Sri Lanka's performance in the three years of peace has been a mixed success. The rehabilitation effort has succeeded only partially because it has lacked transparency and sensitivity to the aspirations of the Tamil minority. The root cause of the war - the feeling of inequity among the ethnic Tamil minority population - still remains to be addressed. The visible presence of soldiers in large numbers cramps the everyday life of the citizen. If this state of affairs continues, Tamil Eelam has the potential to become a rallying call once again.At the heart of it all is President Mahinda Rajapaksa. As the chief architect of the military victory he has emerged as the unchallenged national leader after he managed to neutralize General Sarath Fonseka, former army commander, the other focal point of national adulation. Rajapaksa used his immense popularity to get elected as President for a second six- year term in 2010. He reinforced his strength when he led the United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) to an unprecedented two-thirds majority in the parliamentary poll in 2011. He used this massive strength in Parliament to pass the 18th constitution amendment to remove the two- term limitation on the office of President imposed by the previous amendment.Rajapaksa runs the country with his two brothers - Basil and Gotabaya - to execute his plans for national development and defence, with a rubber- stamp parliament. By giving berths in the cabinet for the seventeen parties of his coalition, he has pre-empted the temptation for them to gang up with the main opposition United National Party (UNP). …


Increasing productivity is one of the main issues of concern in Indonesia. Thus it is necessary to make efforts to increase productivity sustainably in various sectors. The activity aims to increase the productivity of civil servants and local Kelurahan cadres through the application of the 5S Kaizen method. This activity was carried out at the Kuningan Timur Urban Village Office, Jakarta City from 2 to 4 May 2023 in the form of training. The training was attended by 20 participants consisting of civil servants and local village cadres. The method used in this activity is in the form of lectures, discussions, and direct practice. The results of the activity show an increase in knowledge and skills about 5S Kaizen, from good to very good at first. The direct practice of 5S Kaizen also gives very satisfying results. In the future, it is hoped that there will be a commitment to implementing 5S Kaizen so that productivity can continue to increase.


Structural rehabilitation is playing an increasingly important role in civil engineering owing to issues with aging infrastructure. In this context, a feasible inspection and monitoring system is needed to draw up effective structural rehabilitation projects. This article presents a case study of a real box girder bridge strengthened via external post-tensioning. With the aim of evaluating the strengthening project and the structural behavior changes, a large-scale strain sensing system containing four sensing areas was installed on the bridge before strengthening, and the static and dynamic strain distribution changes were recorded during annual inspections. The text focuses on discussing and comparing the variations of strain distribution across the bridge before and after strengthening, as well as the yearly changes the rehabilitated bridge has undergone. From the measured strain responses, we accurately determined that the rehabilitated bridge had undergone an unexpected reduction in its flexural stiffness as well as a torsion action. Moreover, finite element analysis results of three different damage models are discussed to understand the detailed cause for this.


AIM :To observe the protective effects of reduced glutathione hormone(GSH)against ototoxicity of amikacin in guinea pigs.METHODS :56 adult guinea pigs were divided into four groups randomly:amikacin group,GSH group,combination group and sodium chloride group.Each group was intramuscularly injected with amikacin,GSH,amikacin+GSH and sodium chloride respectively.After the observation,the activities of reactive oxygen species(ROS),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were measured.The number of deeply stained cuticular plate was counted with surface preparation technique of the cochlea.The change of cell organ of outer hair cells was monitored by scanning electron microscope.RESULTS :The activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px were significantly decreased and the content of ROS was increased in amikacin group(P 0.05).However,GSH could significantly inhibit these changes among the animals in treating group.Outer hair cells of GSH group were arranged tidily in three rows and showed characteristic V-arranged stereocilia.Stereocilia of outer hair cells in amikacin group failed off markedly in a disarranged pattern and the number of deeply stained cuticular plate increased significantly.In combination group,the changes of the number of deeply stained cuticular plate showed significant difference as compared with those in amikacin group(P 0.01).In GSH group and combination group showed no significant difference.In amikacin group,the phenomenon of karyopyknosis appeared,the quantity of mitochondrion decreased and most of them had vacuolar degenerated.The cells of GSH group and sodium chloride group changed slightly.The mitochondrion in combination group was deeply stained and light swelling.CONCLUSION :These results suggest that co-administration of GSH and amikacin can attenuate the ototoxicity of amikacin.


: Expressway has become an important mode of transportation, but the natural environment along the highway has also been greatly damaged. There are many unreasonable aspects in the highway design in many nature reserves and scenic spots. In this paper, the expressway from section A to section B of a province was taken as the research object. Through collecting the data of geological environment, natural environment and human environment along the expressway, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to analyze the influencing factors of expressway design in the natural environment protection zone. In this paper, the optimization design model of expressway in natural environment protection area was established by combining neural network (NN for short here). The results show that the route length, subgrade width, bridge and culvert length and tunnel length optimized by the NN model were 92km, 18m, 14km and 11km respectively under the same other conditions. The route length, subgrade width, bridge and culvert length and tunnel length optimized by the traditional model were 98km, 19m, 16km and 14km respectively. The data of the former was obviously superior to that of the latter, which showed that the relationship between NN and highway optimization design in natural environment protection areas was positive.


We derive the mass function of spiral galaxy haloes using the luminosity function and the inferred variation in mass-to-light ratio with spiral galaxy luminosity. We show that the resulting mass function is consistent with hierarchical clustering models of galaxy formation. This contrasts with previous results based on the assumption of a constant mass-to-light ratio for all spirals, which predict too many low-luminosity galaxies. By reversing the argument, we show that, if spirals form through hierarchical clustering, then the observed luminosity function requires an increase in the dark matter fraction with decreasing luminosity


By on-the-spot surveying the Olympic sailing games' district and analyzing the data,we can confirm its main pollution sources and main pollutants.Based on the correction of simulating tidal currents,the mass transport equation is used to simulate the space distribution of the concentrations of pollutants between 2000 to 2003.The computation results are well complied with the observing data.Then using the transport equation,we predict the environmental capacities of COD,NH~+_(4)-N,and TP in the Olympic sailing games' district.This paper results can support scientific(management) for the objectives of the Olympic sailing games' district.


The invention discloses a portable nasal sprayer, which comprises a nozzle device and a third housing, wherein a medicine bottle, which contains medicine liquid, is arranged in the third housing; the nozzle device is inserted in the medicine bottle; a second housing sleeves the outer side of the nozzle device; a first housing is arranged above the second housing; a first hole is formed in the first housing; a second hole is formed in the second housing; press blocks, which are pressed by fingers of a user, are arranged on the left and right sides of the first housing; and each of the press blocks is provided with concave-convex lines. The portable nasal sprayer disclosed by the invention, as a novel design of a nasal sprayer, redesigns the structure of a bottle body in accordance with some problems on carrying the nasal sprayer by specific people, so that the purposes conforming to modern social themes such as being convenient, user-friendly, efficient, sanitary and the like are achieved.


Examination of the interface between transportation and energy consumption has been going on for several years, but most efforts have concentrated on estimated changes in energy consumption under varying transportation scenarios. At the same time, many energy conservation policies have been proposed that are aimed at reducing energy consumption by changing transportation patterns. The impacts of these policies on transportation demand, however, have not been systematically examined. A methodology for estimating incremental changes in travel demand resulting from the imposition of various policy options is presented. The methodology is tested through a case study of several communities in a transportation corridor in northern New Jersey and is found to produce reasonable results. (Authors)


Students from low-income families have to face many kinds of pressure and they are prone to psychological poverty.In order to evaluate their mental health,SCL-90,a kind of self-assessment scale was used.The subjects participated in the survey are students from low-income families in one western university.Research results show students from low-income families have a higher score than the average level of other student.There are diversities in different gender,grade,major and so on.Based on research results we can draw the conclusion that students from low-income families have psychological poverty to some degree.Therefore,it is necessary to exercise psychological intervention by establishing dynamic psychological files,creating a harmonious atmosphere,helping find more part-time jobs,bringing into full play the role of consultation.


Patient data are being used on an unprecedented scale by governments and healthcare bodies to stop the pandemic in its tracks. But what of the long term effects of accessing such sensitive information, asks David Cox


Ardiden Ltd non-executive director James Thompson says it wasn't a tough call to give the Canadian graphite scene a run.


The quality of design of bachelor degree in the speciality of food science and engineering was slipping down in recent years,the reason of which and the existing problems were analyzed and some ideas of innovation in the design was explored and suggested.


Counterfactual explanations can be obtained by identifying the smallest change made to an input vector to influence a prediction in a positive way from a user's viewpoint; for example, from 'loan rejected' to 'awarded' or from 'high risk of cardiovascular disease' to 'low risk'. Previous approaches would not ensure that the produced counterfactuals be proximate (i.e., not local outliers) and connected to regions with substantial data density (i.e., close to correctly classified observations), two requirements known as counterfactual faithfulness. Our contribution is twofold. First, drawing ideas from the manifold learning literature, we develop a framework, called C-CHVAE, that generates faithful counterfactuals. Second, we suggest to complement the catalog of counterfactual quality measures using a criterion to quantify the degree of difficulty for a certain counterfactual suggestion. Our real world experiments suggest that faithful counterfactuals come at the cost of higher degrees of difficulty.


In this paper, a output voltage tunable low-drop out regulator (LDO) for Delta-Sigma modulator applications with adaptively quiescent current control technique is presented. The compensation technique is needed for stable output voltage tuning. By employing the proposed technique, over 65° phase margin is achieved under the full range of the load current and the full range of the LDO output voltage. The proposed LDO with the output voltage tuning technique is designed and simulated in the 0.13um CMOS process. The proposed LDO, including bandgap voltage reference (BVR), dissipates 68.67μm quiescent current at no-부하 condition and is able to deliver up to 13mA load current with 10μF output capacitor.


Objective:To observe the anti-inflammatory effects of paeonol obtained through supercritical CO2 fluid extraction.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect of paeonol was observed by examining the permeability increase of mouse abdominal capillary induced by acetic acid and carrageenin-induced paw edema.Results: Gastric perfusion of paeonol at the dose of 50.0mg/kg,25.0mg/kg and 12.5mg/kg could markedly inhibit acetic acid-triggered increase of abdominal capillary permeability;Gastric perfusion of paeonol at the dose of 32.0mg/kg,16.0mg/kg and 8.0mg/kg could significantly inhibit paw edema induced by carrageenin.Conclusion: Paeonol obtained through supercritical CO2 fluid extraction definitely exerts anti-inflammatory effects.


In mammalian cells three closely related cavin proteins cooperate with the scaffolding protein caveolin to form membrane invaginations known as caveolae.


This paper treats in detail the life and work of Otto Blumenthal, one of the most tragic figures of the 188 emigre mathematicians from Germany and the Nazi-occupied continent. Blumenthal, the first...


Densification of mobile networks using small cells (SCs) is a promising approach to achieve the forecasted 1000x growth in capacity for next generation wireless communication systems. However, a major impediment of dense SC network is the low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) regime, notably in uncoordinated time-division duplexing (TDD) systems in sub-6GHz bands. To circumvent this issue and to enhance the performance of the physical (PHY) layer, hybrid beamforming (HBF) solutions involving both analog and digital stages are necessary. HBF technologies provide interference rejection through analog filtering prior to quantization, spatial multiplexing and require lesser radio-frequency (RF) chains and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Conversely, digital beamforming (DBF) performance saturates because of high interferers (blockers) and restricted ADC dynamic range. Moreover, HBF RF circuitry could be further simplified by the use of phase-only weights in analog beamforming (ABF) stage. However, this would be at the cost of making the SINR optimization problem non-convex. Existing sumrate results amalgamating quantization noise consist of lower bounds obtained by distortion factor approximation and worst-case distribution assumption. In this paper, we propose a relaxation approach to phase-only beamforming which allows for a straightforward solution using off-the-shelf interior point algorithms. Rather than directly comparing it in terms of sumrate, we compare it first in terms of SINR, as a function of an algebraic angle between the interferer and the user, with a state-of-the-art local convergence method. Further to this, we include an ADC model to the existing lower bound sumrate results, and analyze various solutions in a sub-6GHz multi-user uplink scenario.


Solids suspension characteristics in gas—liquid–solid three-phase stirred tanks with multi-impellers were experimentally examined. Minimum impeller speeds for ultimately homogeneous solid suspension have been measured stirred tank reactors. Three impellers were installed: two four-pitched blade downflow disk turbines and one Pfaudler type impeller chosen to provide good gas dispersion and to accomplish off-bottom suspension of solid particles, respectively. Gas dispersion causes an increase in particle sedimentation associated with a decrease in power consumption and as a result, minimum impeller speeds for ultimately homogeneous solid suspension increase with increasing gas flow rates. A correlation was developed to predict minimum impeller speeds for ultimately homogeneous solid suspension. The proposed correlation, which agrees satisfactorily with the experimental results, is expected to be useful in design and scale-up.

On a examine experimentalement les caracteristiques de suspensions de solides dans des reservoirs agites triphasiques gaz-liquide-solides. Les vitesses de turbine minimales pour une suspension de solides completement homogene ont ete mesurees dans des reacteurs a reservoirs agites. Trois turbines ont ete installees: deux turbines a quatre pales inclinees a ecoulement descendant et une turbine de type Pfaudler choisie pour fournir une bonne dispersion de gaz et realiser une suspension minimale des particules solides, respectivement. La dispersion du gaz entraǐne une augmentation de la sedimentation des particules tout en etant accompagnee d'une baisse de la consommation d'energie; en consequence, les vitesses de turbine minimales pour une suspension de solides completement homogene augmentent avec l'augmentation des debits de gaz. On a etabli une correlation afin de predire les vitesses de turbine minimales pour une suspension de solides completement homogene. La correlation proposee, qui concorde de maniere satisfaisante avec les resultats experimentaux, devrait s'averer utile dans la conception et la mise a l'echelle.


Address for correspondence: Márcia Maria Auxiliadora de Aquino Rua Amélia Perpétua, 47 São Paulo/SP Brasil CEP 02040-100 Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors associated to fetal death in a Brazilian population. Design: A case control study. Setting: The Hospital Maternidade Leonor Mendes de Barros in São Paulo. Participants: 122 pregnant women with diagnosis of fetal death and gestation age of 20 or more weeks and 244 controls of pregnant women who delivered liveborns. Variables studied: The fetal death (dependent variable), independent variable (the social demographic factors, clinical and obstetrical history, prenatal care indicators and pathological conditions). Results: The risk factors associated to fetal death were abruptio placentae, syphilis, few prenatal care visits, one or more previous stillbirths, hospitalization during pregnancy, diabetes, age above or equal to 25 years, hypertension during pregnancy, anemia and age below 20 years. Conclusions: Results of the current study might be useful to orientate a primary prevention health program, specially those concerning antenatal care.


This paper analyzes fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete elements under thermal loads. Nonmetallic reinforcing bars present high values of transverse coefficients of the thermal expansion with respect to concrete; as a result, when temperature increases, tensile stresses occur within the concrete that may produce splitting cracks and, eventually, the concrete cover failure if the confining action is not sufficient. An analytical model is proposed to determine values of temperature increase corresponding to the first appearance of the cracking phenomenon and to the concrete cover failure. An experimental investigation conducted on concrete specimens reinforced with FRP reinforcing bars is described, and the results obtained are compared with theoretical predictions.


The revival of the nondelegation doctrine, foreshadowed last term in Gundy v. United States, signals the end of a distinctive style of legal and political thought. The doctrine's apparent demise after the 1930s facilitated the development of a methodological approach that embodied what Lon Fuller once called "the spirit of the Federalist Papers": an openended engagement with the problem of designing democracy and controlling public power. At its best, this discourse was critical and propulsive, with each purported solution generating more questions than it answered. The turn against congressional delegations will likely bring to a close this period of open and self-critical experimentation. In its place, we are likely to see the emergence of warring visions of the administrative state, each claiming legitimacy—neither credibly—according to its own comprehensive normative doctrine. AUTHOR—Acting Assistant Professor of Lawyering, New York University School of Law. Many thanks to Edith Beerdsen, Dominic Budetti, Harlan Cohen, Michael Pollack, David Simson, Richard B. Stewart, Thomas Streinz, and David Zaring for helpful comments and discussions, and thanks to Danielle Berkowsky and the staff of the Northwestern University Law Review for careful and conscientious editing. 114:278 (2020) From the Spirit of the Federalist Papers 279 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 279 I. THE "SPIRIT OF THE FEDERALIST PAPERS" IN U.S. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ........... 283 II. NONDELEGATION'S REVIVAL: DISPELLING FULLER'S SPIRIT? ............................... 293 III. LEGITIMACY'S END ............................................................................................... 299


The digital/analog converters (DAC/ADC) represent a significant part of the power consumption and the cost of recent optical transmitters and receivers, especially when they come with a high, but typical, resolution of 8 bits or more. In this paper we give an overview of performance models and experiments using low-resolution converters (typically 5 bits or below) and we show that, if carefully designed and possibly enhanced, they can be a promising alternative to high resolution converters.


As China's energy dependency increases,energy security has become a key issue in the healthy and fast development of Chinese economy.This paper categorizes energy security issues into energy supply disruption,long-term energy price rise and short-term energy price fluctuation and analyzes their implications for macro-economy and energy security.The probability of energy supply disruption is falling,and the key issue in global energy security turns to be energy prices.Energy export countries with monopoly can pursue profits by raising energy price;energy price can also fluctuate in short time and influence macro-economy asymmetrically.


Based on the present characteristics of Qishan campus in the Fuzhou University,from the human perspective of life,the article discussed the external space of the campus community design and made some proposals on it.


We present a complete set of eight differential cross sections of the reactions $^{2}\mathrm{H}(d, n)^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{2}\mathrm{H}(d, p)^{3}\mathrm{H}$ in the 0-60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m. angular range for incident deuteron momenta between 1.1 and 2.5 GeV/c. A simple phenomenological interpretation of the energy dependence of the total cross section ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}$ and of $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}}$ at fixed $t$ shows, in the reaction, the contribution of a nucleon exchange process to which we must add a mechanism implying the ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{33}$ resonance excitation in the direct channel.


A novel data augmentation method suitable for wearable sensor data is proposed. Although numerous studies have revealed the importance of the data augmentation to improve the accuracy and robustness in machine-learning tasks, the data augmentation method that is applicable to wearable sensor data have not been well studied. Unlike the conventional data augmentation methods, which are mainly developed for image and video analysis tasks, this study proposes a data augmentation method that can take an physical constraint of wearable sensors into account. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated with a human-action-recognition task. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved better accuracy with significant difference compared to the cases where no data augmentation is applied and where a couple of simple data augmentation is applied.


in the thickness of Fe (» 3-5), smaller diameter carbon nanotube can be achieved. Scanning electron and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that the diameter of carbon nanotubes ranged » 1 - 5 nm and the fllms are comprised of both the single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. Visible Raman spectroscopy was used to further verify the diameter of nanotubes. A thick iron fllm (80 nm) was also used to grow nanotubes for comparison. The results show that the catalyst islands become greater than hundred nanometers with increasing thickness and induce multi-wall and bamboo-like microstructures. While for thinner layer of iron fllms smaller sizes of catalyst particles/droplets produce hollow concentric tubes without bamboo structure and with less number of walls (single-wall and double-wall carbon nanotubes). The base growth was the most appropriate model to describe the growth mechanism for our fllms. The electron fleld emission properties such as fleld electron emission microscopy (FEEM) in conjunction with the temperature dependence (T-FEEM) were measured to investigate the emission site density and their intensity variation. These flndings in terms of the role of adsorption will be brie∞y discussed.


The electrochemical behavior of zinc electrode with bismuth addition in 35%KOH solutions has been investigated systematically by electrochemical methods including linear polarization, potentiostatic polarization, potential-time measurements at a constant current density, combining the observations of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Linear polarization results showed that the open circuit potential shifted positively with increasing bismuth content, which is explained based on the gassing data and change in the exchange current of the zinc electrode. Addition of bismuth increased the exchange current of zinc reaction and caused an increase in the measured open circuit potential. Galvanostatic results showed that the addition of bismuth shortened the passivation time. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the addition of bismuth aggravated the corrosion of zinc electrode which may be responsible for the increased tendency to passivation at high current densities. It has been found that at low current densities the reaction kinetics may be increased by addition of Bi, which is general agreement with the discharging test of actual alkaline batteries.


Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to analyse students' attitudes about the concept of sustainable development and knowledge significant for its implementation in tourism. More precisely, the aim was to determine which knowledge students perceive as particularly important for the application of sustainable development and whether there are significant differences in the attitudes of students of different years of study regarding gender, year and status (full time and part time students) of study. Methodology – For the formation of the theoretical part, secondary data sources were used, based on the analysis of relevant literature in the field of sustainable tourism development, such are articles and reports. The research part includes quantitative data collection based on an online questionnaire distributed to students of the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management of all years, enrolled in the study of Management of Sustainable Development, to assess the importance of relevant knowledge about the sustainable development and also their own knowledge in this f ield. Data processing was performed through the statistical program for social sciences - SPSS while descriptive statistics were used for the purposes of data processing and interpretation. Findings – Based on the conducted research, the respondents evaluated the importance of knowledge for the implementation of sustainable development of tourism regarding environmental, social and economic aspects. In addition, the respondents expressed personal assessments of their level of knowledge/habits/actions in the mentioned areas. Also, differences will be determined with regarding the gender, field and year of study of the respondents. Respondents mostly show positive attitudes towards sustainable development and assess the importance of further education for sustainable development. The emphasis should be on acquiring knowledge related to sustainable development, developing abilities and skills that will help in facing the challenges of the 21st century, through organizing workshops, debates, learning to solve problems, promoting extracurricular activities such as volunteering or participating in local community projects, etc. Contribution – Contribution of the paper is in identifying and ranking the importance of specific knowledge for sustainable development from the perspective of students. According to the results, new educational programs of student interest could be developed. This research presents an opportunity for students to develop a methodological approach to the self-assessment process through a questionnaire.


Abstract : The combined arms effort of the Israelis against the Syrians in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley in June 1982 was one of the most spectacular and lopsided operations from modern warfare. This case study reexamines that operation specifically the suppression of enemy air defenses and the air battle. The study concludes with some lessons learned.


Mercury is a persistent,bioaccumulation and biomagnification of toxic pollutants,and has a significant negative impact on human health and ecological environment. This paper analyzes the mercury pollution and its hazards,overview of mercury pollution governance research at home and abroad situation,summed up the international mercury pollution control technologies and measures, and combined with the status quo of mercury pollution control in China. Perfection of mercury pollution control strategy: establish a national mercury pollution control strategies and action plans; strengthen research and development,introduction and promotion; establish mercury pollution control dynamic information platform; increase mercury emission reduction investment planning; reduce the coal field mercury pollution emissions; carry mercury pollution control publicity and education.


The purpose of this study was to assess the role of school principals in enhancing quality education in general secondary schools of Wolaitazone. Mixed research method was used in this study. Questionnaireswere designed and distributed to teachers andinterview was conducted with principals, supervisors and woreda and zonal quality office experts. The population of the study were 599 teachers, 31 principals, six supervisors, andsix Zonal and woreda education office experts. All the principals, randomly selected teachers and the experts of the zonal and woreda office were included in the study. The findings of the study revealed thatprincipalsare not effectively playing their leadership role in the schools.Themajor challenges school principals faced in doing so include: knowledge and skill gap to lead and manage the school; inability to encourage collaborative works in the schools. Thus,school principals are expected to play vital role in monitoringinstructional methods, making systematic and frequent classroom visits, mentoring and coaching peers,conducting regular meetings with the staff, and providing feedback to teachers on teaching learning problems.


Even though the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) is a broadly used routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), it is vulnerable to a blackhole attack. Lu et al. developed a secure MANET routing protocol called SAODV to address the security weakness associated with the original AODV protocol and to remedy the blackhole attack. Specifically, the SAODV protocol can protect against blackhole attack performed by a malicious node during the routing process. However, it cannot resist the cooperative blackhole attack, in which two nodes are participating together to mount such attack. Therefore, this paper proposes a secure MANET routing protocol called BP-AODV to overcome the security breaches related to the SAODV protocol along with the original AODV protocol. In addition, the BP-AODV is able to protect against a cooperative blackhole attack launched during the routing process and guards against the blackhole attack that might take place during the forwarding process. The BP-AODV is developed by extending the functionality of the AODV protocol along with utilizing the chaotic map features. The experimental results assure that the BP-AODV protocol is more secure than the SAODV protocol and can effectively fight the blackhole attack achieved by a malicious node or cooperative malicious nodes during the routing process. The results also reveal that the BP-AODV can strongly guard against the blackhole attack that occurs during the forwarding process.


We use Hotelling (1929)'s spatial competition approach to analyze insurance market outcomes when consumers face mismatch risk and can consult intermediaries to obtain product recommendations. Brokers can decide on both their level of advice quality and if allowed by the regulator on the size of kickbacks (rebates) offered to consumers, i.e., on what fraction of their commissions to pass on to their clients. We show that when kickbacks are banned, the market is characterized by a pooling equilibrium with either low or high advice quality. By contrast, when kickbacks are allowed, no separating equilibrium with both levels of advice quality exists, since the low-quality broker is always forced out of the market. Endogenous advice qualities promote a market equilibrium in which high advice quality and a direct distribution system coexist. Moreover, the market equilibrium with kickbacks results in higher consumer welfare than the equilibrium without kickbacks. JEL Classification: G22, G38, L15, M52


Through the use of single context planning, combined with archaeobotanical and dendrochronological investigations and extensive sampling for archaeometallurgical analysis, it was possible to reconstruct the use of the workshop at Viborg Sonderso in detail. The investigations were made in close cooperation between an archaeologist (Turi Thomsen), an archaeobotanist (Annine Moltsen), a dendrochronologist (Aiofe Daly) and an archaeometallurgist (the author), the last three now members of the Danish Center for Environmental Archaeology. The workshop was erected in 1018 and used a range of different crafts including smithing, casting of silver, bronze and probably lead and comb making. Extensive silver refining apparently took place in nearby workshops. The use of the excavated workshop was a seasonal activity in the winter months and during summer only occasional repair work was done to the building. After three years of activity, the building was kept in repair for another two years and then finally torn down. It is argued that the workshop was probably established in connection with the crowning of King Canute to king of Denmark in 1018 and the minting of the Dane-geld to Danish coins. The workshop might have been used during the yearly meeting of the Thing in Viborg.


An improved oscillator-amplifier system is presented in a Blumlein-driven TE N2 laser. Four laser channels-an oscillator, preamplifier and two main amplifiers-are connected to a common spark gap, and the discharge timing of these laser channels is adjusted by varying the pressure of the gas in the cavities. The characteristics of the laser light obtained from the laser system are a maximum power of 1.3 MW, a pulse width of 6 ns and a beam divergence of less than 1 mrad. Therefore this laser system is very useful for time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and laser plasma generation.


Take a slop on the Yalong river area for example,we can simulate the slope generated with the rain saturated-unsaturated seepage problems at different times.In each period the slope's negative pore water pressure and volume of water content can be clouded.Successive calculation of safety factors,obtained variation regular of safety factor under rainfall conditions.


Introduction Pain is the most common complaint of elderly people. In Poland, no large studies on the prevalence of chronic pain in the elderly were conducted until recently. Material and methods The study was a part of the PolSenior project, a cross-sectional multidisciplinary study on ageing of the Polish population, and included a randomly selected group of 716 people aged 55–59 years, and 4979 people over 65 years. The survey was conducted through a standardized questionnaire. An evaluation of pain occurrence, location, intensity and coexistence of pains in relation to gender, age and use of health care was performed. Results Chronic pain affected 42.0% of respondents aged 65 years and over (48.6% of women and 35.8% of men) as compared to 35.2% of the pre-elderly. The most common pain locations were the lumbar region (51.6%) and knees (41.0%). The average number of pain sites was 3.1 ±2.3. Average intensity of pain was 6.2 points on the VAS scale in people over 65 years and 6.0 points in the pre-elderly (NS). Average pain intensity increased significantly from 5.7 points in patients reporting pain in one place to 7.2 points in those reporting six pain sites. Elderly respondents with pain compared to those without pain more frequently reported physician visits performed at least once a month (54.6% vs. 48.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Polish elderly most frequently complained of low back and lower limb pain. In respondents reporting many sites of pain, an increase in the intensity of pain was observed. Elderly patients with chronic pain often use medical care.


The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii triggers severe small intestinal immunopathology characterized by inflammation, Paneth cell loss and bacterial dysbiosis. Paneth cells are the predominant secretory epithelial cells which reside at the base of the crypt and release antimicrobial peptides that maintain intestinal homeostasis. T. gondii-triggered IFN-γ is a major inducer of Paneth cell death. However, mechanisms of IFN-γ-mediated Paneth cell death are unknown. We recently observed that under steady state conditions Paneth cells undergo active autophagy, which is both microbiota- and IFN-γ-dependent. To study autophagy's role in T. gondii–induced Paneth cell loss we used mice deficient in the critical autophagy gene Atg5 in the intestinal epithelium (Villin-Cre × ATGfl/fl mice, E-ATG5−/−). Infected E-ATG5−/− mice exhibited catastrophic inflammation, characterized by the complete destruction of the intestinal crypts, establishing ATG5's protective role during intestinal inflammation. To determine ATG5's protective mechanism we generated ATG5-deficient intestinal organoids and observed that lack of ATG5 increased sensitivity to the TNF-induced cell death. Organoid death was further exacerbated when TNF stimulation occurred in combination with IFN-γ. Reexamining our in vivo model showed significantly elevated levels of TNF receptor 2 in infected E-ATG5−/− mice, indicating these mice are prone to TNF-triggered small intestinal immunopathology. Our results reveal that ATG5 expression within Paneth cells plays a highly protective role against cytokine-mediated immunopathology in the intestine during acute T. gondii infection.


An approximate method of frame buckling analysis by
transfer matrix is proposed in this reserch. The transfer
 matrices are derived from the consecutive calculation of
 the field matrix, which is related to the material and
sectional properties of the member, and the point matrix,
 which is associated with the displacement continuity and
force eguilibrium at node. The eigenvalue problem of frame
 buckling is obtained by applying the boundary conditions
of the frame to the transfer matrix. Portal frames are taken
 as examples to prove the applicability of the proposed
 method to more complicated frames.


An effective method for the asymmetric synthesis of 3-amino-2-oxindoles was developed. The tetrasubstituted chiral carbon center was generated by asymmetric amination of N-unprotected 2-oxindoles with azodicarboxylate catalyzed by commercial biscinchona alkaloids in good to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities.


The reliability of GaN-on-Si LEDs is of concern. A p–i–n photodiode loop surrounding the LED was fabricated to monitor the LED output power by detecting some of the downward emitting light propagating through the n-GaN layer. The monitoring responsivities were approximately 52 and 66 mA/W at biases of 0 and -3 V, respectively.


Pathogenic yersiniae secrete the Yop anti‐host proteins using a type‐III secretion pathway. The components of the secretion machinery are encoded by three loci on the pYV plasmid: virA, virB, and virC. In this paper we describe the characterization of eight non‐polar mutants of the virC locus, constructed by allelic exchange. The yscE, FG, I, J and K mutants were defective in Yop secretion and independent of Ca2+ (Cl) for their growth at 37°C. Substitution of the 12 N‐terminal amino‐acid residues of YscF impaired secretion of YopB and YopD only and led also to a Cl phenotype. The culture supernatant of the yscH mutant contained all the Yops except the 18 kDa YopR. Complementation experiments and an immunoblot analysis confirmed that YopR is encoded by the yscH gene. The LD50 for the mouse of the yscH mutant was 10‐fold higher than that of the parental strain indicating that YopR is involved in pathogenesis. The phenotype of the yscM mutant was similar to that of the wild‐type strain. However, overproduction of YscM from a multicopy plasmid in wild‐type Yersinia enterocolitica prevented Yop secretion and synthesis. A hybrid YopH—LacZ′ protein, encoded by a gene transcribed from the lac promoter, was secreted by a strain overexpressing YscM, showing that the secretion machinery was still functional. These results indicate that YscM plays a role in the feedback inhibition of Yop synthesis when secretion is compromised by acting as a negative regulator of Yop synthesis.


The shortest path problem exists in variety of areas. A well known shortest path algorithm is Dijkstra's, also called "label algorithm". Experiment results have shown that the "label algorithm" has the following issues: ①. Its exiting mechanism is effective to undigraph but ineffective to digraph, or even gets into an infinite loop; ②. It hasn't addressed the problem of adjacent vertices in shortest path; ③. It hasn't considered the possibility that many vertices may obtain the "p-label" simultaneously. By addressing these issues, we have improved the algorithm significantly. Our experiment results indicate that the three issues have been effectively resolved.


Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features and imaging findings of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) complicated with intractable pleural effusion and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.Method The clinical dataof a case of EMH complicated withintractable pleural effusion and some related literatures were reviewed.Results The case was correctly diagnosed.The treatment for pleural adhesions was effective.Conclusions EMH in mediastinum is one kind of special benign lesions.EMH complicated with intractable pleural effusion is rare.A correct diagnosis of EMH can be made integratedly analyzing the patients' clinical and laboratory data and imaging findings.It has a good prognosis.

Key words:
Extramedullary hematopoiesis(EMH);  Intractable pleural effusion;  Pleural adhesions


Only very few molar polarizabilities are known with high accuracy; and when so, they are in general only known at a given wavelength. There is therefore a need to assess the molar polarizability wi ...