Segment duration varies with syllable structure (Lehiste, 1970), resulting in word-level duration patterns. These patterns provide important phonetic cues to syllable and word boundaries in English (Christie, 1977; Boucher, 1988; Tuller & Kelso, 1991), and possibly in other languages (Maddieson, 1985). For instance, English-speaking listeners syllabify the same sequence differently depending on the relative duration of the participating segments. An obstruent-sonorant sequence is syllabified as an onset cluster when the obstruent is longer than the sonorant, but split when the consonants are similar in length (Christie, 1977). The relationship between segment duration patterns and syllable perception could indicate that syllables are units of speech production. Such a conclusion is consistent with most theories of speech production, which invoke the syllable explicitly or implicitly as a unit in speech motor programming (e.g., Stetson, 1951; Kozhevnikov & Chistovich, 1965; Lehiste, 1970; MacNeilage, 1970; Fujimura, 1981; Shattuck-Hufnagel, 1983; Fowler, 1987; Dell, Burger, Svec, 1997). A major reason that the syllable has been chosen as an appropriate unit in speech motor programming is because suprasegmental sound patterns, such as the aforementioned consonant duration patterns, are best characterized with respect to the syllable. But the duration patterns themselves—long for consonantal onsets, short for consonantal offsets, long-short for onset clusters, and so on—are arbitrary. That is, there is nothing about the phonological syllable that can explain why an onset cluster is produced with a long-short duration pattern instead of short-long, long-long or any other kind of pattern. Since we know that speakers control duration to convey other sorts of boundary information, e.g., lexical boundaries (Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel, 2001), it is reasonable to suggest that the duration patterns are so produced because they convey syllable structure information. But if the claim is that the same duration patterns are universally associated with the same syllable structures (Lehiste, 1970; Maddieson, 1985), then we might wonder how such arbitrary patterns have become language universal. The seeming arbitrariness of the segment duration patterns and their universality might be explained, however, if the link between the patterns and the syllable is broken, at least in speech production. If segment duration patterns are delinked from syllables in production, then the patterns are free to be explained according to other, more basic, production constraints on the sequential articulation of segments. The patterns may then be relinked to the syllable in perception. Syllable boundaries can be extrapolated from word boundaries, which are also characterized by the same suprasegmental phonetic and phonological patterns. For illustration of a basic production explanation for segment duration patterns, consider the longshort pattern typically associated with onset clusters. Cross-language frequency data indicate that onset clusters are usually constructed of an obstruent-sonorant sequence that precedes a vowel (Bell & Hooper, 1978). This type of sequence suggests a coarticulatory origin for the long-short duration pattern based on jaw movement. In general, obstruents are articulated with a more closed jaw than sonorants, and sonorants are articulated with a more closed jaw than vowels (Lindblom, 1983; Keating, Lindblom, Lubker, Kreiman, 1994). An obstruent-sonorant-vowel sequence is therefore articulated with the jaw moving from a closed position to an open position. The sonorants may be shortened when the segments are sequentially articulated because jaw movement is continuous in speech. Sonorants are only initiated after obstruent release, when the jaw is already in a lower position, and must be terminated when the continually downward-moving jaw makes for inefficient consonantal


This paper disentangles between two hypotheses on the determinants of Australia's and the US' average tariffs levels. Relying on historical data that covers a century (1904 to 2005), it is first shown that a break in the series occurs in 1947, forcing to separate the data into two sub-periods (before and after the 1947 break). The results permit to distinguish a "rock" and a "tango" regime. The first designates the period where one country (the US) has a stronger influence on the other, while the second indicates that, after 1947, stronger reciprocal inter-relations have to be taken into account.


As a method of external diagnosis for power transmission and distribution equipment, X-ray projection technology has been applied. A new method of high accuracy projection, 3 dimensional image processing technology by application of X-ray CT, a method of detecting more accurate condition of the interior, by application of X-ray and infrared has been developed.


This paper aims to reflect on the process of producing meanings about change in family therapy from the perspective of relational responsibility. Using the method of social poetics. We sought to identify striking moments in the therapeutic process of family that faced the serious illness of one of its members. These moments comprised; (a) The course of illness, (b) Coconstructing care, and (c) Life care. This analysis of these moments allowed us to identify how it was possible to promote relational intelligibilities related to: (i) Other interns; (ii) Joint elations; (iii) Relationship between groups, and (iv) Systemic process. This study thus pointed to be viability of the used and the perspective of relational responsibility in the clinic generating new positions for family members and therapist.


Some great thoughts about research... via Twitter The methods were described in the 3rd person passive voice to create an illusion that everything went according to plan #overlyhonestmethods — Michael Hale (@Hey_MickeyH) January 9, 2013 I used these statistical measures because I didn't know how to change the default settings in my data analysis software #overlyhonestmethods — Yash Gad (@DrYashGad) February 5, 2013 incubation lasted three days because this is how long the undergrad forgot the...


In cultures of vero cells infected with a low multiplicity of Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), the development of internal antigen, as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, was detected early and preceded the release of infectious virus. Membrane antigen, determined on unfixed cells, developed shortly thereafter. A positive correlation was found between the percentage of antigen-positive cells and the amount of recoverable infectious virus in cocultivation cultures of cells of a low virus-producing line of HVS-induced tumor and vero cells. Cytosine arabinoside (araC) prevented the development of infectious HVS, typical internal antigen, and membrane antigen when vero cells were treated with the drug two hours after virus inoculation. Another type of internal antigen appearing predominantly in the nucleus was demonstrable in infected but araC-treated vero cells. The presence of antibody to this antigen was rare in naturally-infected squirrel monkeys. Colony-housed squirrel monkeys showed a high frequency of antibody to HVS internal antigen produced in infected vero cells in the absence of araC, and evidence for seroconversion in some of these monkeys was obtained. Virus was isolated from lymphocytes of six of seven squirrel monkeys tested.


The working principle,classification and function of hydrophobic were discussed,the hydrophobic of using the correct selection and correct installation was summarized,and Shenhua Ordos coal oil company each device widely used hot static type double metal chip trap was detailed.Combined with coal-oil company each device unit on-site installation of the actual situation trap,suggestions on proper installation.2009 coal oil company each unit with the correct transformation trap extending the life of each trap device to ensure that the trap blocking air drainage and reducing the workload of the site operator.


This article aims to share the author's personal model for notes about the tertulias, developed and improved from January 6, 2009 to August 10, 2012, as a suggestion for organizing conscientiologists' research records. Such descriptive documentary self-research has been developed from the consultation to dozens of personal pages annotated during the period mentioned above, to describe and characterize the form and content of that process. In addition to the benefits gained from the participation in the Long Run Course of Conscientiology, others can be highlighted, such as the figures achieved through this editorial style, the techniques and insights collected during the classes, as well as the motivation to expand the tertulias' records and the critical analysis of these records.


The discipline of work psychology has accomplished a great deal in a short space of time, and is thriving. The Ž eld has undoubtedly evolved to perform a valuable role in society and in promoting the well-being of employees at work. This advancement can be attributed partially to the growing appreciation of the utility of work psychology in enhancing individual and organizational prosperity. The expertise of both academic and practitioner work psychologists has had an enormous in uence in the way many organizations operate, ranging from multinational commercial organizations, through to public-owned companies and the voluntary sector. The review articles presented in this centennial special issue attest to this proposition, and demonstrate the achievements of work psychology over the past few decades. The intention of this issue is to provide a collection of review papers from some of the leading authors in the Ž eld, focusing on the theme of the British Psychological Society centenary celebrations, which is 'Psychology; the state of the science and emerging issues'. The purpose of this discussion paper is to provide a descriptive re ection of the topics presented in this issue, highlighting emergent themes, and presenting some of the apparent inter-dependencies. The brief for authors was to synthesize existing literature in the area, to outline a future research agenda, and to comment on potential implications for applied practice. The topics included are by no means exhaustive, and there are certainly numerous other issues in work psychology that deserve attention. Indeed, the sheer diversity of research areas and spheres of applied practice currently embraced by work psychology is quite remarkable. Over time, attention has extended from a focus at the employee level of analysis towards a breadth of impact in areas spanning organizational strategy, human-computer interaction and the work/non-work divide. This paper presents an overview of the recurrent themes emerging from the review articles presented in this issue. Five key themes are identiŽ ed to be considered for future research and practice in work psychology: (1) the transformation of the organizational context, (2) employer demands versus employee


The invention discloses a method and a device for starting or stopping an electrolytic tank without power cut. A switch linkage, composed of a commutation switch and a short circuit port mechanical switch device, is installed beside each riser bus bar of the aluminum electrolytic tank when starting or stopping is needed; all switch linkages of each electrolytic tank compose a all-in-one switch system for starting or stopping the electrolytic tank; one terminal of the commutation switch is connected with the riser bus bar of the aluminum electrolytic tank; the other terminal is connected with the short circuit block which is on the short circuit port of the riser bus bar, moreover, the short circuit port mechanical switch device with the short circuit block to ensure that the short circuit port mechanical switch device can drive the short circuit block; accordingly, the short circuit block works as the main contactor of the switch linkage and the commutation switch works as the adjuvant contactor of the switch linkage; when starting or stopping the electrolytic tank, all switch linkages can be controlled through electric control. The invention has the advantages of light device, reliable running, easy installation, convenient and safe operation, occupying small space, low manufacturing cost and effectively avoiding strike-fire when the short circuit block is turned on or turned off.


Sea surface temperature (SST) for the central equatorial Indian Ocean, has been reconstructed over the last ∼137 kyr, from Mg/Ca of the planktonic foraminiferal species Globigerinoides ruber. According to our record the equatorial Indian Ocean SST was ∼2.1°C colder during the last glacial maximum as compared to present times. The data further shows that the surface equatorial Indian Ocean was comparatively warmer during isotopic stage 5e than at present (∼29.9 vs ∼28.5°C). Comparison of the equatorial Indian Ocean SST with the Antarctic δD and Greenland δ18O records, shows that the major high‐latitude cooling/warming events are also present in the equatorial Indian Ocean SST variation record. Similarity between the equatorial Indian Ocean SST and the equatorial Pacific SST suggests the possibility of a common mechanism controlling the SSTs in both the equatorial Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.


We devise a distributed asynchronous stochastic epsilon-gradient-based algorithm to enable a network of computing and communicating nodes to solve a constrained discrete-time time-varying stochastic convex optimization problem. Each node updates its own decision variable only once every discrete time step. Under some assumptions (among which, strong convexity, Lipschitz continuity of the gradient, persistent excitation), we prove the algorithm's asymptotic convergence in expectation to an error bound whose size is related to the constant stepsize choice alpha, the variability in time of the optimization problem, and to the accuracy epsilon. Moreover, the convergence rate is linear. Then, we show how to compute locally stochastic epsilon-gradients that depend also on the time-varying noise probability density function (PDF) of the neighboring nodes, without requiring the neighbors to send such PDFs at each time step. We devise utility-based policies to allow each node to decide whether to send or not the most up-to-date PDF, which guarantee a given user-specified error level epsilon in the computation of the stochastic epsilon-gradient. Numerical simulations display the added value of the proposed approach and its relevance for estimation and control of time-varying processes and networked systems.


A 53-year-old man with a bileaflet mitral valve prosthesis and coronary artery bypass grafting presented with severe symptoms of heart failure. His ECG showed a common atrial flutter with 2:1 conduction and a heart rate of about 130 beats/min; there was no sign of acute myocardial ischaemia. Laboratory findings were also negative. A pharmacological conversion of the atrial …


ABSTRACT A novel desulphurization technology has been put forward using a dispersed in-situ phases induced by an explosive reaction of a composite ball. A composite ball with this function has been designed and prepared using a laboratory model batch type balling disc (at 12 rev min-1) and the composite ball has been fed at the end of Ruhrstahl-Heraeus refining. The plant trials have been carried out in ANSTEEL and the ruling factors have been analyzed. The results indicate that feeding composite ball in RH degasser is a novel technology and the sulphur in the molten steel can be removed from 30 ×10-6~50 ×10-6 to less than 10 ×10-6~20 ×10-6 with desulphurization rate more than 50%. The desulphurization effect is perfect and stable. There is few carbon pick up in molten steel. The feeding amount of the composite ball is about 5kg per ton steel. It is suitable for deep desulphurization in RH degasser.


The invention relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine for a commercial vehicle. The exhaust aftertreatment system (1) comprises a first oxidation catalyst (3), a second oxidation catalyst (4) and a particulate filter (5) which are arranged behind one another in a single-flow exhaust system. According to the invention an injection device (7) in particular for fuel between the first oxidation catalyst (3) and the second oxidation catalyst (4) is provided.


Much has been published about the early nineteenth century settlement of Fort Dundas on Melville Island, the largest of the Tiwi Islands. In the main, the authors have argued about the reason for the British attempt to colonise this part of Northern Australia, the political or economic aspects of the settlement's disastrous history or the circumstances of convict labour around the fort. 1 The relationship between the Indigenous people of the islands and the Europeans in the settlement has attracted less historical research and what has been written is somewhat limited. 2 This paper aims to explore, on the available evidence, the attempts to bring about peace between the Tiwi and the colonisers. Ultimately the result of those attempts was one of the factors contributing to the demise of the settlement. It must be emphasised that while the British presence in the islands remains in the Tiwi memory, in my observation that memory is limited to specific incidents and matters relating to that era. The evidence about the relationship between the British and the Tiwi is therefore overwhelmingly restricted to European sources. The people of the Tiwi Islands experienced an intermittent exposure to foreign cultures from Asia and Europe, possibly from the seventeenth century. By the early 1820s these contacts had little impact on the Islanders. Apart from a desire for metal tools, the Tiwi developed an awareness of the material possessions of the visitors, a limited understanding of firearms, and had acquired a vocabulary of a few Portuguese words. Possibly by the 1820s, also, the Islanders had incorporated a small number of Indonesian words into their language. 3 On the whole, however, the indigenous culture remained undisturbed, with the Tiwi displaying a mixture of fear and aggression towards the strange visitors who spent brief periods in the island. 4 Aggression was displayed towards the expedition of Phillip Parker King, the first Australian-born naval officer, as he conducted a survey of the islands in 1818. For the first time, some knowledge of the Tiwi Islands, located off the north west coast of the Northern Territory, came to the notice of the British and New South Wales governments. Within a few years the expansion of Dutch commercial and military interests in East India Archipelago led to a British interest in the northern coast of New Holland


Objective
To study the effect of caffeine on hyperoxic lung injury of premature rats and its relationship with p38 motigen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signal pathway.

Methods
Sixty Wistar premature rats were divided into 4 groups(n=15) according to the random number table: air + normal saline group(A+ N group), air + caffeine group(A+ C group), hyperoxia + normal saline group(H+ N group), and hyperoxia + caffeine group(H+ C group). Among them, H+ N group and H+ C group were continually exposed to hyperoxia(oxygen concentration was 60%~70%). For A+ C group and H+ C group, the premature rats were injected with caffeine of 29 mg/(kg·d) into their peritoneal cavities every day after birth.For A+ N group and H+ N group, the premature rats were injected with normal saline of the same volume into their peritoneal cavities.In each group, the lung tissues of 5 premature rats were randomly selected on the third, seventh and fourteenth day respectively.The pathological changes of lung tissue, radiated alveolar count(RAC) and collagen content in lung tissue were observed under a light microscope.The wet/dry ratio(W/D) was measured.Two-step immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of p38MAPK in lung tissue.The content of phosphorylated p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK) protein was detected by western blot.

Results
Compared with the air groups, the lung tissues of premature rats in high oxygen exposure groups showed different degree of inflammatory changes on the third, seventh, and fourteenth day.The changes were more obvious with the prolonged exposure to hyperoxia.Pulmonary fibrosis was visible on the fourteenth day, which was improved after caffeine intervention.The RAC value of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups was significantly lower than that in air-exposure groups(P<0.05), and the W/D ratio and collagen content in lung tissue increased significantly(P<0.05), which were improved after caffeine intervention(P<0.05). The results of two-step immunohistochemistry showed that the number of p-p38MAPK positive cells in the lung tissue of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups increased and widely distributed, but decreased after caffeine intervention.The results of western blot showed that the content of p-p38MAPK protein in lung tissue of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups was significantly higher than that of air groups(P<0.05), but it decreased after caffeine intervention(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Hyperoxia can promote the formation of pulmonary fibrosis by activating p38MAPK signal pathway.Caffeine can interdict the expression of p38MAPK to alleviate the fibrosis of lung tissue exposed to hyperoxia and thus protects the lung tissue.

Key words:
Hyperoxia; Lung injury; Caffeine; p38 motigen-activated protein kinase; Premature rats


The Care Quality Commission is asking for views on its three-year strategy at http://tinyurl.com/9gzw5vm . The proposals are described in detail in the following areas.


This paper explores the students' attitudes towards climate conditions citizenship education in school, because there is still a lot of research on this subject in Indonesia. The study was a quantitative study conducted by a descriptive method. The research location is the three high schools in the city of Banjarmasin. The samples were school based on the location of the school in the central, middle and suburbs. The population of this research is class XII students. Sampling was done by using a proportional random sample, obtained by the respondent amounted to 100 students aged 1719 years of data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using percentages. The result most students expressed a positive attitude to the states agree and often against climate aspects of citizenship education in schools, such as a) the recognition of citizenship destination; b) the significance of learning civics; c) cooperation and collaboration in school, d) positive interaction and mutual trust; and e) Skills student participation.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sulfur dioxide (SO 2) concentrations (0, 188, 452, 791, 1034, 1236, 2899 and 3864 mg SO 2/kg) on the physical, chemical and microbiological qualities of dried apricots (DAs). Non-sulfited DAs were evaluated as a control group. Strong correlations were determined between SO 2 concentration with pH (r = – 0.913), titratable acidity values (r = 0.983), browning values (r = – 0.981) and E-carotene contents (r = 0.822) of DAs ( P<0.05). The number of total psycrophilic aerobic bacteria (TPAB), lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold, xerophilic mould, Staphylococcus spp., and total Enterobacteriaceae were below the detection limit (<0.6 log cfu/g) in samples containing SO 2 even at the lowest level (188 mg SO 2/kg). Although 188 mg SO 2 per kg of DAs is sufficient SO 2 concentration with respect to browning color and microbial load right after drying, DAs should contain minimum 791 mg SO 2/kg to protect the initial E-carotene content.


Bullock's (1961) comment on my teaching machine study (Oakes, 1960) raises chree questions concerning the interpretation of the results. In that study it was found that the use of teaching machines as a study aid by students in the experimental group did not influence their performance on the regular class examinations to a significant extent. Bullock's chree points are in need of some clarification, and will be discussed in order. In his first point he suggests that we could better interpret the data if we knew how effective the program was, judging from the frequency with which smdents made errors in responding to the program. He states that it is generally assumed that a low frequency of errors is associated wich an effective program. It is true that Skinner did originally suggest that the steps in a program should be small-so small, in fact, that S would rarely make an error (Skinner, 1958). He later revised that, however, and adopted the position that the optimal size of step is an empirical question (Skinner, 1959), presumably to be answered by finding that size of step which maximizes learning and retention-which would, of course, have to be evaluated through the use of other criteria. In other words, the effectiveness of a teaching machine program is judged not by how many errors students make in responding to the program, but rather on the basis of some outside criterion-such as test scores, as in the study under discussion, for example. Other writers discussing the matter have not been willing to assume chat a low frequency of errors is necessarily associated with an effective program. Carr (1960, p. 560), for example, suggests that this is clearly a matter for further research, as does Lumsdaine (1960, p. 534). At any rate, these writers have been concerned wich programs which were designed to teach a course entirely by machine. In the study under discussion, where the machine is used only as a study aid, the number of errors made in responding to the program would certainly be a function of the amount of outside study the student has engaged in. The more the students have studied their text before using the machine, the fewer errors they would make in responding to the program, and, surely, the higher score they would make on the tests used as a criterion. In view of these considerations, it is certainly questionable whether knowledge of the per cent of errors made by students in responding to the teaching machine program would permit a better interpretation of the data, as Bullock suggests.


OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics,host factors,CT performance,and the diagnosis and treatment of the confirmed pulmonary aspergillosis in 12 patients so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment in the early stage.METHODS By means of retrospective study,we reviewed the medical history obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Jan 2004 to Sep 2011,theschedule tables were made to record the clinical data of each patient confirmed with pulmonary aspergillosis.RESULTS Among 12 patients investigated,there were 2 patients with IPA,both had host factors,the fever and shortness of breath were the main the clinical manifestations,the nodule,infiltrate,patch,and cavity were the main chest CT manifestations,only one patient had air crescent sign,one case with sputum culture positive for pathological examination,one case with effective antifungal therapy,one case died;there were 10 cases withsaprophyticpulmonary aspergillosis and 8 cases with pulmonary primary diseases,the hemoptysis was the main clinical manifestations.Chest CT demonstrated 8 cases of nodules,2 cases of infiltrate,patch,and cavity,and 1 case of crescent sign and halo sign;there were 9 patients who underwent the surgery,among which 6 cases were not recognized as pulmonary aspergillosis before the operation;the phone call following up showed that 6 of 7 cases were cured.CONCLUSION The pulmonary aspergillosis is not typical in clinical characteristics,the positive rate of sputum test is low,it is difficult for the early diagnosis,part of the patients can not tolerate the operation or the bronchoscopy;the early diagnosis method needs to be further discussed.


We unexpectedly found upregulated expression of T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) on kidney CD4 T cells after ischemia reperfusion (IR) using RNA-Seq. However, TIGIT role in kidney T cells and during acute kidney injury (AKI) is poorly understood.

 Effect of TIGIT on murine kidney T cells was assessed at baseline and after IR injury by flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). B6 wild type (WT) and TIGIT knockout (KO) mice were subjected to IR and cisplatin-induced AKI. TIGIT expression was assessed in AKI patients using the Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) scRNA-Seq dataset.

 We found increased kidney CD4+TIGIT+ central memory (10.0±2.3 vs 0.9±0.1%, p=0.001) cells compared to CD4+TIGIT− cells in WT mice. TIGIT KO mice had reduced serum creatinine (SCr) after IR (24h Scr, 1.1±0.2 vs 2.7±0.1 mg/dL; p≤0.001) and cisplatin (72h Scr, 0.8±0.1 vs 1.4±0.1 mg/dL; p=0.0002) injury compared to WT mice. TIGIT KO kidneys had reduced necrotic tubules in outer medulla after IR (48.8±4.7% vs 73.0±1.5%; p=0.001) and cisplatin (11.5±3.0% vs 31.3±4.0%; p=0.008) injury than WT kidneys. Gene set enrichment analysis of scRNA-Seq data showed enrichment of inflammatory genes in Th17 cells from WT kidney and oxidative phosphorylation and mTORC1 signaling genes in TIGIT KO kidney. Human KPMP data demonstrated significant TIGITexpression in kidney T/NK cells from AKI patients compared to controls (p≤0.0001).

 TIGIT mediates both IR and nephrotoxic AKI in mice and its expression increases in kidney T cells from AKI patients. TIGIT is a promising novel therapeutic target for AKI, and also relevant due to increasing efforts to develop TIGIT blockade to treat cancers.

 American Society of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University Ed Kraus Award, National Kidney Foundation of Maryland and Delaware


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a remotely controllable system for positioning a diagnostic and / or therapeutic device on a patient, comprising a support (11), a support, and a plurality of degrees of freedom for connecting the device. Flexible connecting means (12-15) each located between points (16-19) integral with the patient support or the patient himself, remote control means for modifying the length / strain of the connecting means, and apparatus Means for remotely observing the movement of the subject.


In this study, we developed a new type of ferroelectret cellular film by using commercial polypropylene film (PQ60). We first use gas diffusion expansion method to create the void structure inside PQ60 followed by using corona discharge to trap charges in the voids. Then dynamic method was chosen to measure the piezoelectric constant d33. The measured d33 value was above 150 pC/N. We further use Laser-Intensity-Modulation Method to measure the heat induced current from the surface of the cellular PQ60 film at various intensity-modulated frequencies. The result of LIMM can be used to analyze sensor and actuator performance in ferroelectret.


25 26 We examined E. faecalis strains clinically isolated from 100 UTI patients for their 27 susceptibility to levofloxacin (LVX) by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration 28 (MIC), and investigated amino acid mutations by direct DNA sequencing which was 29 then correlated with LVX resistance. Next we studied risk factors for LVX resistance 30 such as age, sex, and previous fluoroquinolone use, and investigated the statistical 31 correlation of these risk factors with each amino acid mutation and levofloxacin (LVX) 32 resistance. Of the 100 isolates tested, 14 isolates showed LVX resistance and all of 33 these isolates had amino acid mutations. We demonstrated that 2 out of 4 mutations 34 (Ser83-to-Ile in gyrA and Ser80-to-Ile in parC) had a significant correlation to LVX 35 resistance. There was a significant relationship between isolates with 2 or 3 amino acid 36 mutations and LVX resistance. In addition, we found a significant correlation between 37 the previous use of fluoroquinolones and LVX resistance or the presence of mutations 38 and also demonstrated that the previous use of other types of antibiotics was 39 significantly related to the presence of mutations by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, 40 we found significant correlation between amino acid mutations in E. faecalis, LVX 41 resistance and risk factors such as previous use of fluoroquinolone. 42 43 44


I. Norros has done well to remind us of the complementary facets of teletraffic theory and of its sister discipline, performance modelling: Beginning with the early days of telephony, traffic engineering has firmly demonstrated its practical usefulness in helping develop telecommunications systems. It has done so by leveraging key insights derived from simple yet robust traffic models. In the process, the field has come to encompass a vast and varied intellectual landscape where many have been at play with great relish! This tension between the utilitarian and the playful is a healthy one, not to be forgotten, fueling a rich mix of activities, some of which were touched upon in the paper. The sample is admittedly small, but contains already some of the beautiful contributions we have come to expect. Given that such selections are necessarily subjective, I would like to briefly discuss two areas of applied probability which are relevant to telecommunication problems. I expect that further strengthening their ties to traffic theory will keep applied probabilists busy for a long time to come! 1. Limit theorems as a modelling engine Since its inception, traffic theory has relied on limit theorems as an effective modelling paradigm. The Palm-Khintchin theorem is the earliest and best known example along these lines in the many caller regime, this celebrated result identifies Poisson processes as the robust model for call arrivals to a telephone exchange. The approach has been emulated many times over in a number of different settings, viz. the Poisson process for describing the aggregation of a very large number of bursty data sources, the macroscale modelling of many TCP flows, the emergence of fractional Brownian motion and MIGloo processes as models for long-range dependent traffic patterns, and more recently, the exponentially distributed path link durations in wireless mobile networks in the many user regime. This limiting approach is a natural one for modelling telecommunication systems where problems of resource allocation become more pressing, hence more interesting, at high utilization, e.g. when the number of users is large in relation to available resources or when demand approaches capacity. In such situations, the limit regime provides a good starting point for the provisioning of network resources. The relevant model arises through a limiting procedure, possibly after rescaling an appropriate quantity, as the scaling parameter converges to its natural limit. There are several potential benefits to this modelling process: First, model simplification, with the promise of scalability, typically occurs when applying limit theorems - irrelevant details are filtered out without relying on ad-hoc assumptions. Secondly, limit theory is central to the modern theory of probability, and as such, has been the focus of a huge literature replete with results and techniques. Given this large body of knowledge, it is reasonable to expect the existence of suitable limit theorems which can be applied, under very weak assumptions, to many situations of interest. This should lead to models which are robust and of wide applicability. This limiting approach is likely to be used repeatedly as new telecommunication services and infrastructures emerge. Developing the adequate limiting results under the weakest possible assumptions then constitutes a natural objective for traffic engineering. The challenge is


The role of dopamine in directly modulating somatic motoneuron excitability and hence muscle tone is unknown. We investigated whether dopamine influences the trigeminal motor pool (MoV) that innervates the masseter and tensor palatini muscles, both of which function to maintain upper airway patency. We hypothesized that dopamine facilitates motor outflow at the MoV. We focally applied apomorphine (nonspecific dopamine receptor agonist) at the MoV in anaesthetized rats. We also applied receptor-specific agonists and antagonists to determine the receptor subtype mediating dopaminergic mechanisms of action. We demonstrated that dopaminergic transmission at the MoV potently increased motor outflow via the D1-like receptor and facilitated masseter and tensor palatini muscle tone. It is unknown whether endogenous dopamine release on to airway motoneurons influences their activity to regulate muscle tone in natural sleepwake behaviours. This issue warrants investigation because the neurochemical basis of upper airway motor dysfunction (e.g. obstructive sleep apnea) remains poorly characterized.


The George Mercer Award is given by the Society to a young au thor or authors in recognition of an outstanding paper in ecology. The re cipients for 1996 are Stephen W. Pacala, Charles D. Canham, John Saponara, John A. Silander, Richard K. Kobe, and Eric Ribbens for their 1996 paper entitled, "Forest models defined by field measurements: Esti mation, error analysis, and dynam ics," which appeared in Ecological Monographs 66:1-44. Understanding the long-term dy namics of forests based on short-term observations has been a continuing goal of ecological studies. Such ef forts have been frustrated, because it is not obvious how to obtain param eters needed for long-term dynamics from short-term studies, and how to assess the uncertainty in such models. Pacala et al. present the synthesis of a first effort to develop an individual based model of forest dynamics based on parameters fitted to real data. This paper implements creative ap proaches to the problem and produces a convincing model to extrapolate from the short term at fine scales to long-term, landscape dynamics. Pacala et al. fit submodel parameters to data using likelihoods developed from the submodels themselves; thus, the parameter uncertainty estimated from data also applies to the model in which the parameters are used. This approach makes it possible to conduct an error analysis, i.e., an assessment of how the uncertainties in the param eters affect our confidence in the model predictions. The model predictions and the ways in which we interpret them are fundamentally different from those of earlier models. Pacala and associates use the model to address some of the most longstanding and important puzzles in forest dynamics. By fitting the models to data (seed rain, growth/ light, growth/mortality), Pacala and associates find that the dominant spe cies differ from those predicted in the absence of fitted parameters, and they do so because of species differences in regeneration characteristics, in cluding dispersal distances and their Left: Mercer Award winners (front row): Charles D. Canham, Richard K. Kobe, John A. Silander, Jr. (Not shown: John Saponara, Eric Ribbens.)


The stoichiometry and the mechanism of the electron-transfer reaction of Cu(II) with hydroxylamine are investigated by measuring a fast complex formation of Cu(II) with bathocuproine disulfonate. The data are evaluated for the rate-determining step involving a radical species.


River management in New Zealand's laterally active gravelly rivers has permitted floodplain development and protection of agricultural resources and infrastructure. Management of these dynamic systems has been hailed as a success for the approaches adopted, namely straightening and confining the river using bank protection and managing riverbed levels by gravel extraction. However, this activity also impacts river morphological/habitat diversity and potential gravel resource, by replacing broad riparian corridors with narrower channels and reducing lateral connectivity with the floodplain. This paper quantifies river behaviour in three laterally confined reaches in the upper Motueka River over a 7‐year period, using annual high‐resolution ground surveys to address the nature of morphological change and associated sediment flux in these reaches with a view to informing management of the gravel resource. Surveys between 2004 and 2010 acquired data to construct digital elevation models (DEMs) of the active riverbed in three ~1‐km‐long reaches. Morphological budgeting based on differencing between successive DEM surfaces reveals complex spatial and temporal patterns of erosion and deposition, demonstrating complex reach dynamics. Overall, volumetric changes suggest these narrowed reaches have been net exporters of sediment, associated with continued channel degradation. This has left bar features, traditionally the focus of gravel extraction in the reaches, relatively isolated from all but extreme flows, limiting replenishment of the gravel resource. The paper demonstrates the utility of riverbed DEMs as a potential tool to frame river character and behaviour at the reach scale in gravel‐bed rivers, thereby providing an important contribution to holistic river management in these systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A well‐designed joint will produce low levels of inherent vibration. As the joint wears, however, clearance between mating components increases and this is reflected in an increase in the vibration energy. As this vibration energy is dissipated through the mechanism links, it excites resonances and exerts extra dynamic loads on joints. It is of great interest to the maintenance engineers to predict the occurrence of excessive clearance in joints, regarding its location and magnitude. The fact that vibration signals carry much information relating to the running conditions of joints can be used to solve this problem. In this study, a mathematical model is formulated to simulate the effect of clearance in joints on the vibration spectrum of machines and mechanisms. The equations of motion of the mechanism frame and links are formulated and solved simultaneously using the Runge‐Kutta method. In doing so, and with the aid of fast Fourier transform (FFT), the frequency spectra of the frame in the horizontal, v...


This study aims to determine whether the dimensions of service quality that is tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and concern affects customer satisfaction on PT POS Indonesia (Persero) Kontor POS Lubukpakam and analyze the most dominant factor in influencing customer satisfaction in PT POS Indonesia (Persero) Pos Kontor Lubukpakam. The population in this study are all consumers using PT POS Indonesia Lubukpakam. So based on calculations, the number of samples to be used in this study were 100 respondents. Based on the table it can be seen that most respondents were male as many as 63 people (63%), while the female respondents as many as 37 or (37%). To determine the sample size of the population can use formula variables. All the indicators used to measure the variables used in this study has the correlation value is greater than 0,197. From the results of this research indicate that all the indicators are valid. It can be shown from the many high satisfaction responses of respondents to the condition of each study variable. This study aims to determine whether the dimensions of service quality that is tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and concern affects customer satisfaction on PT POS Indonesia (Persero) Kontor POS Lubukpakam and analyze the most dominant factor in influencing customer satisfaction in PT POS Indonesia (Persero) Pos Kontor Lubukpakam. The population in this study are all consumers using PT POS Indonesia Lubukpakam. So based on calculations, the number of samples to be used in this study were 100 respondents. Based on the table it can be seen that most respondents were male as many as 63 people (63%), while the female respondents as many as 37 or (37%). To determine the sample size of the population can use formula variables. All the indicators used to measure the variables used in this study has the correlation value is greater than 0,197. From the results of this research indicate that all the indicators are valid. It can be shown from the many high satisfaction responses of respondents to the condition of each study variable. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine whether the dimensions of service quality that is tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and concern affects customer satisfaction on PT POS Indonesia (Persero) Kontor POS Lubukpakam and analyze the most dominant factor in influencing customer satisfaction in PT POS Indonesia (Persero) Pos Kontor Lubukpakam. The population in this study are all consumers using PT POS Indonesia Lubukpakam. So based on calculations, the number of samples to be used in this study were 100 respondents. Based on the table it can be seen that most respondents were male as many as 63 people (63%), while the female respondents as many as 37 or (37%). To determine the sample size of the population can use formula variables. All the indicators used to measure the variables used in this study has the correlation value is greater than 0,197. From the results of this research indicate that all the indicators are valid. It can be shown from the many high satisfaction responses of respondents to the condition of each study variable. results further showed that the variable quality of service in the fifth dimension has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. This is because that the provision of a quality service, then it will create consumer satisfaction in themselves. The results showed that the variables of physical appearance has a positive and significant impact on satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that physical evidence of the service provider as indicated by the facilities, interior and human resources as the service provider will determine customer satisfaction.The results showed that reliability variable has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that the reliability of service providers indicated with reliability in the form of speed of service, employee capability, and reliability of employees in customer service will be considered in the form of customer satisfaction. The results showed that the variable responsiveness has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that the responsiveness of service providers indicated the willingness of staff to help, willingness of staff in providing information, quick response of the employees, and faster problem resolution will give an influence in the formation of consumer satisfaction. The results showed that the variable collateral has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that the guarantee of service providers will provide an increase in customer satisfaction. This is demonstrated by the ability of employees to serve customers, employees who have extensive knowledge and security guarantees provided will give a better impression on PT.Pos Indonesia Branch thereby increasing customer satisfaction. The results showed that the variables of concern memilikipengaruh a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that the attention of service providers delivery of goods or services in the form of equal attention needs help, good communication skills, the ability to meet the needs of consumers and consumer understanding of each condition will increase the positive view of each tehadapPT.Pos Indonesia. This in turn will provide higher satisfaction. results further showed that the variable quality of service in the fifth dimension has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. This is because that the provision of a quality service, then it will create consumer satisfaction in themselves. The results showed that the variables of physical appearance has a positive and significant impact on satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that physical evidence of the service provider as indicated by the facilities, interior and human resources as the service provider will determine customer satisfaction.The results showed that reliability variable has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that the reliability of service providers indicated with reliability in the form of speed of service, employee capability, and reliability of employees in customer service will be considered in the form of customer satisfaction. The results showed that the variable responsiveness has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. These results provide empirical evidence that the responsiveness of service providers indicated the willingness of staff to help, willingness of staff in providing information, quick response of the employees, and faster problem resolution will give an influence in the formation of consumer satisfaction. The results showed the variable collateral has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction. These results increase


Objectives: To assess the justification of indications of CT scans and the exposure doses of children during CT scans. Methods: Prospective study of 104 CT-sans of children collected over a period of 6 months. Results: Female children were predominant with a sex ratio female / male of 1.2. The predominant age group was the 10 to 15 years (41%). The CT-Scan of the head was the most practiced exam, with 64.42% (67/104). When analyzing information according to the recommendations of the Guide of well practices of French Society of Radiology (SFR) and the French Society of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine (SFBMN), only 77% of CT-Scans were justified. Almost half (49.04%) of CT-Scans had a CT-Dose Index (CTDI) and Dose Length Product (DLP) greater than the French reference norms defined for each group of age. The average values of CTDI and DLP are above the norms for all CT-scans of the skull, facial bones and sinuses. Conclusion: The doses administered to children by CT-Scans are above accepted norms. Improved practices continue medical training of radiology manipulators and the creation of a regulatory or an agency of radioprotection is necessary.


Deep Learning has been rapidly developed. Almost all proposed methods already have very high accuracy. Most of these methods still use techniques from the past with some modifications to adapt to existing modules. Sometimes it is necessary to understand past methods to produce new methods. Therefore, this research examines past models that have the potential to improve the performance of existing deep learning models. The methods to be examined include Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), Hebbian learning, and Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The iris dataset available on Scikit-learn (SKlearn) is used here for testing in cases of supervised learning and unsupervised learning (especially SOM). The results show that LVQ has a good accuracy of 93%, while Hebbian learning has an accuracy of 56%. SOM fluctuates between 88% and 93%. Although the accuracy of SOM does not exceed LVQ, this model does not require labels in its training process.


This experiment was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits along with Fe and Zn concentrations in grains of 17 wheat cultivars/lines. For this, Total grain protein was extracted and electrophoresis of HMW-GS was carried out using SDS-PAGE on poly acrylamide gels. Specific primers were selected for LMW-GS and glidine subunits and PCR products were separated on agarose gels. Grain samples were analyzed for zinc and iron using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The most common composition of HMW-GS subunits was (null, 7+8, 2+12). Also, compositions (2*, 7+8, 5+10), (1, 7+8/6+8, 5+10) and (null, 17+18, 5+10) that give the maximum quality grade 10, 10/8 and 8 to the genotypes possessing them, were observed in Sasyon, Gaspard, and LineA, respectively. Maximum LMW-GS and gliadin alleles number, 11, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 9, that give highly potential quality to the genotypes possessing them, were observed in Niknejad, Sasyon, Shahpasand, Bayat, Shahriyar, Sorkhtokhm and Darya, respectively. Among studied genotypes, the concentrations of grain Fe varied by 1.80 fold, ranging from 25.28 (Sorkhtokhm) to 45.62 (LineA) μg.g-1, and grain Zn varied by 2.49 fold, from 28.85 (Sepahan) to 72.04 (Alamut) μg.g-1. Also, highly positive correlation was observed between grains Fe with Zn. In conclusion Niknejad, Sasyon and LineA with high potential of the bakery property and iron and zinc contents altogether were introduced as appropriate candidate parents in future wheat breeding programs. *Corresponding Author: Jafar Ahmadi  email@example.com Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 11, No. 5, p. 149-160, 2017 http://www.innspub.net J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2017 150 | Ahmad


Emily Dickinson, with her poetic focus on nature, ranks among the top writers and poets of the nineteenth century who assumed the amazing assignment of encountering and explicating nature. It occupies quite a large part in the whole volume of her poetry. She seems to have been in constant uninterrupted contact with nature. It captured her attention, joggled her mind, stimulated her imagination, embodied her meditations, or became an object of her definitions. Nature remains a separate entity. It contains and disguises the Creator's secrets which are not completely revealed to man through the natural world. The whole system of the natural world is ordained and maintained by God, and man is under his governance. As Johnson asserts, "God has deputized his authority in dealing with all his other creatures". This mission has become the concern of Nature, which is personified as the gentlest mother. Dickinson's poetic definitions are simply insisting on the reality of essential qualities that are being demonstrated by this experiment of green. This is where the speaker's limitations of the ability to 'know' is revealed, and this sets her apart from the Transcendentalists. Unlike them, she is powerless in her limited "Wisdom" to understand the inner truth of nature, because of its remoteness. Nor can she express it by the effortless process of 'vent,' as Emerson called it, because its very transcendence places it beyond her 'Art'.


Statistical machine learning models trained with stochastic gradient algorithms are increasingly being deployed in critical scientific applications. However, computing the stochastic gradient in several such applications is highly expensive or even impossible at times. In such cases, derivative-free or zeroth-order algorithms are used. An important question which has thus far not been addressed sufficiently in the statistical machine learning literature is that of equipping stochastic zeroth-order algorithms with practical yet rigorous inferential capabilities so that we not only have point estimates or predictions but also quantify the associated uncertainty via confidence intervals or sets. Towards this, in this work, we first establish a central limit theorem for Polyak-Ruppert averaged stochastic zeroth-order gradient algorithm. We then provide online estimators of the asymptotic covariance matrix appearing in the central limit theorem, thereby providing a practical procedure for constructing asymptotically valid confidence sets (or intervals) for parameter estimation (or prediction) in the zeroth-order setting.


Section 8 in the Education Act in New Zealand deals with the education of children with special educational needs. These children have rights to enrol and receive education at state schools, but it applies only to the compulsory sector and not to the early childhood area. Disabilism should be treated as importantly as racism and other forms of discrimination and should not be tolerated in schools and communities.


ED FROM Donahue KE, Gartlehner G, Jonas DE, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of diseasemodifying medications for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:124–34. Correspondence to: Dr K E Donahue, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; firstname.lastname@example.com Source of funding: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. c Clinical impact ratings: IM/Ambulatory care 6/7; Rheumatology 5/7; GP/FP/ Primary care 5/7 Relative efficacy of synthetic (syn) and biological (biol) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in adults with RA at >12 weeks* Comparisons Efficacy findings (strength of evidence{) 1 syn DMARD v 1 syn DMARD Leflunomide > methotrexate (moderate); leflunomide . sulfasalazine (low); sulfasalazine = methotrexate (moderate) 2 syn DMARDs v 1 syn DMARD 2 = 1 (moderate); 2 . 1 (low) 3 syn DMARDs v 2 syn DMARDs 3 . 2 (low-moderate) 1 to 3 syn DMARDS + prednisone v 1 syn DMARD Combination . 1 (low-moderate) 1 biol DMARD v 1 biol DMARD All anti-TNF drugs similar (moderate); anakinra , anti-TNF drugs (moderate) 2 biol DMARDs v 1 biol DMARD Etanercept + anakinra = etanercept (low) 1 biol DMARD v 1 syn DMARD Anti-TNF drugs = methotrexate, except for less radiological progression in early RA (moderate) Anti-TNF drugs . syn DMARDs as secondary treatment (moderate) 1 biol DMARD + methotrexate v methotrexate Combination . methotrexate (moderate) 1 biol DMARD + methotrexate v 1 biol DMARD Combination . biol DMARD (low-moderate) 1 biol DMARD + other syn DMARD v 1 biol DMARD Etanercept + sulfasalazine = etanercept (low) *RA = rheumatoid arthritis; TNF = tumour necrosis factor. {Based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. C O M M EN TA R Y T he key to treatment of RA is to assure correct diagnosis and optimise control of the synovitis and bone damage. The goal of any intervention is to eliminate all evidence of joint swelling. It is critical to distinguish active from burnt-out disease, to differentiate inflammation from mechanically derived (eg, knee instability) effusions, and to assure that residual signs are because of inflammatory RA rather than an associated phenomenon (eg, bursitis). Synovitis, not tenderness, is the indication for aggressive therapy. What is the most appropriate intervention for inflammatory synovitis? Whatever it takes, weighing potential side effects of therapy. If uncontrolled by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, DMARDs are the next step if the arthritis has been present for .3 months (to rule out viral arthritis mimics) or if erosions are present. Although hydroxychloroquine is the least toxic DMARD, it is also the ''weakest.'' If disease is mild, it is a reasonable first DMARD choice. If disease is moderate, methotrexate or injectable gold (with appropriate monitoring) are reasonable. Both are effective and have similar side effects, although methotrexate is associated with a cancer risk. If the disease has been misdiagnosed and is actually spondyloarthropathy, methotrexate requires routine liver biopsy. Biologics are now considered when DMARDs are insufficiently effective. If not for their tremendous cost, some biologics might be used instead of DMARDs, given an apparently lower frequency of severe side effects. However, costs of US$10 000 to $30 000 per year cannot be ignored. DMARDs (stronger than hydroxychloroquine) are still the second-line therapy, with biologics indicated only if DMARDs are insufficiently effective. Combination therapy with DMARDs is the alternative when the patient cannot afford biologics. Bruce M Rothschild, MD University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas, USA 1. Rothschild BM. J Clin Rheumatol 1997;3:334–8. 2. Rothschild BM, Woods RJ. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1992; 10:117–22. 3. Roenigk HH Jr, Auerbach R, Maibach H, et al. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:478–85. Therapeutics 76 EBM June 2008 Vol 13 No 3


Data describing simultaneous bistatic (BRCS) and monostatic (MRCS) radar cross sections of freighters at X band near grazing incidence are presented. Details of the measurement system, calibration procedures, and target-radar geometry are discussed. Measured values of BRCS were typically less than the MRCS and decreased with increasing bistatic angle.


Microarray data deal with a very large number n of variables(thousands of probes) and comparably few samples (dozens orhundreds of patients).Microarray data deal with highly correlated variables.In these cases, it is common practice to adopt feature selectionalgorithms to improve the generalization accuracy[Guyon and Elisseeff, 2003, Kohavi and John, 1997].There are many potential benefits of feature selection :


A series of scoping experiments was performed to study the fragmentation of prototypic high temperature melts in sodium. The quantity of melt involved was at least one order of magnitude larger than previous experiments. Two modes of contact were used: melt streaming into sodium and sodium into melt. The average bulk fragment size distribution was found to be in the range of previous data and the average size distribution was found to be insensitive to mode of contact. SEM studies showed that the metal component typically fragmented in the molten phase while the oxide component fragmented in the solid phase. For UO/sub 2/-ZrO/sub 2//stainless steel melts no sigificant spatial separation of the metal and oxide was observed. The fragment size distribution was stratified vertically in the debris bed in all cases. While the bulk fragment size showed generally consistent trends, the individual experiments were sufficiently different to cause different degrees of stratification in the debris bed. For the highly stratified beds the permeability can decrease by as much as a factor of 20 from the bottom to the top of the bed.


: The article examines the relationship between Russians and Stalinism through the Polish lens. The analysis centers around the issues of remembrance and oblivion, two thought processes that are merely superficially contradictory. The author is interested in problems of "power over memory" and "erasing memory" characteristic of non-democratic orders. Within the scope of interest, there is also the cultivation of the heroic myth associated with World War II, including the attitude towards Stalin-the-Victor. Another point of focus is the Russian society's remembrance/forgetfulness regarding Stalin's Great Terror and the atrocity of Gulags, as well as its collective reluctance towards founding a national community on the remembrance of Stalinist repressions. The author refers to many authors, among which there are Jacek Hugo-Bader, Mariusz Wilk and Wacław Radziwinowicz.


Phagocytized bacteria are destroyed by proteases and not by toxie superoxide. A pathogen receptor on natural killer cells. A thymic precursor to the NK T cell lineage. Fibroblasts reprogrammed by T cell extracts express T-cell functions. CILT (gamma interferen inducible lysosomal thiol reductase) facilitate processing of protein antigens containing disulfide bonds, Formation of immunological synapse does not initiate or enhance TCR signalling. Low-level activation of T cells by the immune system itself, in the absence of exogenous antigen, may play a role in protective immunity. The diversity of the antigen receptors on B lymphocytes arises from V/D/J recombination and three processes regulated by activation-induced cytidin deaminase (AID): somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and class switch recombination. Long-term helminth infections have been shown to be inversely correlated with allergy. Paradoxical influence of domestic animal on allergic sensitizatio in children.


The Energy Internet (EI) has the potential to drive the energy revolution forward. The EI efficiently transmits energy and information through the integration of information technology and energy technology. Digitalization efforts can reduce costs, improve energy utilization, and enable real-time matching of energy supply and demand. Furthermore, digital technology can enhance the adaptability of the EI to decentralized, large-scale, and intelligent application scenarios. This paper reviews EI technologies and discusses its future functional and physical forms in the context of digital transformation.


Political theorists today are addressing issues of global concern confronting state systems and in so doing are often forced to confront the concept of Homo sapiens as a 'political animal'. Thus theorists considering Aristotle's Politics attempt to transcend his polis-centric focus and make the case that Aristotle offers ways to address these global concerns by focusing on Empire. This article, contra Dietz et al., argues that Aristotle's political science is first and foremost a science of politeia and that this approach to the operation and working of political systems is far superior to recent attempts at regime analysis in comparative politics. Thus Aristotle's mode of examining political systems offers much fruit for those interested in approaching political phenomena with precision and depth as diverse manifestations of the political communities formed by the species Aristotle called the 'political animal'. From this perspective, focusing on the politeia constituting each political community permits an analysis of contemporary transformations of political life without distorting what is being analyzed.


SUMMARY Earthquake-related groundwater level changes have been recorded by a dense network of monitoring well stations in Taiwan. At most multiple-well stations, the direction and magnitude of coseismic water level changes vary in wells of different depths. Comprehensive water level data recorded in 209 wells in the vicinity of the seismogenic fault during the 1999 M L7.3 earthquake demonstrate a preliminary 3-D distribution of coseismic changes. The largest coseismic rise at a station observed typically in a confined gravel aquifer indicates the association of the magnitude of coseismic change with characteristics, rather than depth, of the aquifer. The variation of coseismic changes in the vertical direction implies possible inconsistency between the observed water level changes and the volumetric strains calculated from simple dislocation models. At a given hypocentral distance, the coseismic change in the footwall of the ruptured segment of the fault was much greater than that of the unruptured segment. This phenomenon suggests that fault displacement plays an important role in the generation of coseismic changes. While hypocentral distance correlates well with coseismic rise or fall in the vicinity of the ruptured seismogenic fault, poor correlation is found for coseismic change further from the earthquake epicentre.


Land-based aquaculture systems expose fish to elevated dissolved CO2 levels, a factor that is correlated with reduced growth, feed conversion efficiency and body condition index. The physiological basis underlying the pathological effects of environmental hypercapnia is poorly understood, in particular for marine fish species. We investigated whether changes in energy expenditure and the specific dynamic action (SDA) of digestion and assimilation could account for the lower growth of adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) under environmental hypercapnia. Fish acclimated to a partial pressure of 800 atm CO2 (0.6 mmHg, 1.5 mg/L) and 9200 atm CO2 (7 mmHg, 18.7 mg/L) exhibited no difference in maintenance metabolic rates, which concurs with previous research for this species and other fish species. At 9200 atm CO2 Atlantic cod had a significantly diminished (14%) maximum aerobic capacity. While hypercapnia did not affect the amount of oxygen required for the SDA process, it did prolong the SDA


Optical polarimeter module combined with its electrical drive circuit forms a polarization detector. The states of polarization (SOP) (S0, S1, S2, S3) can be obtained by a DSP treatment through the 4 output voltages (V1, V2, V3, V4) from the polarization detector. A calibration matrix should be established before the polarization detector can work well. We design a calibration method named vector projection (VP) which is based on the theorem of vector projection, by which calibration matrix can be calculated for the polarization detector module. The experiment showed that using our method the SOP accuracy is ±2%, and DOP accuracy is 3%.


The article is devoted to the improvement of corporate management of enterprises of publishing and printing activity. The substantiation of the features and problems of corporate governance, the relations between shareholders and managers, aspects of joint stock ownership has been grounded. The essence of the national system of corporate management of enterprises of publishing and printing activity is revealed. The justification of the influence of various institutional factors, which resulted in transformational transformations in publishing business and polygraphy, was made.

Keywords
publishing and printing activity, corporate governance, transformation processes, share ownership, institutional factors.


The implementation of and research on digital transformation in the context of public organizations have increased substantially in the past few years. A wide range of drivers, benefits, and challenges associated with digitalization have been suggested in the literature. However, these suggestions appear fragmented and disconnected, and do not offer a clear overview of the main drivers, challenges, and benefits. Moreover, research in this regard in the Norwegian and Scandinavian contexts is lacking. Therefore, there is a need to clarify the drivers, benefits, and challenges of digital transformation. To address this need, seven Norwegian public organizations were investigated by gathering data through thirteen interviews. The findings pointed to an extensive number of drivers, benefits, and challenges, some of which stood out from the rest. Handling turbulent environment seemed to be the most mentioned driver, reducing costs were the most mentioned benefit and laws and regulations were the most mentioned challenge. This paper presents an overview of these aspects, explains them in detail, and suggests avenues for further research.


The use of "epoch," "date," and similar terms to designate a moment on a time scale, time interval, etc., in time/frequency terminology is discussed.


In order to verify whether the model proposed in Distinction can be applied to the case of the D.D.R., it is necessary to investigate what principles of differentiation are characteristic of this society (which amounts to admitting, contrary to the myth of the "classless society," i.e., of a society without differences, that such principles do indeed exist, as the protest movements currently active [October 1989] in the country conspicuously attest); or, to put it more simply, to determine whether in the case of the D.D.R. one rediscovers all (and only) the same principles of differentiation, bearing the same relative weights, as those encountered in the French case. Right at the outset one sees that among the major differences between the two spaces and the respective principles of differentiation defining them is the fact that economic capital-private possession of the means of production-is officially (and, for the most part, in actual fact) out of bounds in the D.D.R. (even if, as we shall see, a form of access to the advantages that are elsewhere furnished by economic capital can be secured in other ways, i.e., through the medium of a political type of social capital). The relative weight of cultural capital (which can be assumed to be highly valued in the German tradition, as in the French or Japanese) is proportionally increased. It goes without saying, however, that, whatever the official merito-


As dies and molds have become more and more complicated in the recent years, the demand for lower cost and shorter production time is also growing stronger. Rapid prototyping and Tooling technologies are expected to be used for more rapid and lower cost tool fabrication. However the rapid tooling methods have not yet reached the level of application to the manufacturing of metallic dies and molds which require high dimensional accuracy. As the rapid tooling technology, there are the slurry casting, the powder casting, the direct laser sintering, and so on. Generally, in the slurry casting, the alumina powder and the water soluble phenol were mainly used. However, the mechanical properties of the phenol were not good enough to apply to molds directly. In this study, pure epoxy and two types of aluminium powder reinforced resin are applied to the slurry casting. The mechanical and thermal properties are better than phenol because the epoxy is the thermosetting resin. And mechanical characteristics such as shrinkage rate, hardness, surface roughness are measured for the sake of comparison. Metal powder reinforced resin molds are better than the resin tool form the viewpoint of shrinkage rate and hardness. Finally, it has been shown that the application possibility of this process is high, because the manufacturing time and cost savings are significant.


The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for falling among community-dwelling older adults in Jamaica. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of 2,943 older adults. The fall prevalence in the past 6 months was 21.7%. In univariate analysis, a significantly greater proportion of women, the increasingly old, rural residents, persons with vision problems (including cataracts), and those with key chronic conditions reported falling in this period compared with those without these respective attributes (p < .05). The majority of falls reported have occurred in the home (54.3%), and restriction of activities due to fear of falling was reported by 34.6% of respondents. Logistic regression found sex, area of residence, eyesight problems, cataracts, high blood pressure, and depression to be independent risk factors for falling. The falls in older adults represent a major public health issue. Identification of modifiable risk factors in developing countries such as Jamaica may help in the development of appropriate strategies to reduce fall risk.


The creep and fatigue properties of the directionally solidified nickel base superalloy CM247LC DS have been investigated. Constant creep tests have been carried out on specimens with different orientations in the temperature range of 700-1OOO'C at different loads to obtain times to rupture up to 35000 h. The comparison of the creep properties with the IN738LC conventionally cast alloy and with the oxide dispersion strengthened MA6000 alloy has shown the better creep performance of the alloy CM247LC DS in the temperature range of interest for application in land based gas turbines. A series of cyclic load creep tests has allowed to study the effect of load variations on the creep. The effect of cycling stress is to increase the strain rate, compared with the constant load creep tests and then to reduce the rupture life of the alloy. The LCF tests, performed at the temperatures of 85O'C and 950°C in longitudinal strain controlled conditions, have evidenced a fairly stable cyclic response. Basquin and Coffin-Manson relationships can adequately predict the fatigue life of the alloy. The CM247LC DS alloy exhibits a better fatigue life than IN738LC and MA6000 alloys.


Hitherto a number of studies have been carried out on different mixtures of dietaries in broiler flocks in order to investigate the effect of these different materials on poultry's improvement of efficiency and resistance factors such as bone resistance. In this study, the main focus is on investigating the effect of fat kind (presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) and presence of antioxidants on the performance of flock and bone strength in broiler chicks. There were 120 broiler chicks selected from 3 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted dietary of unsaturated fatty acid 5% (O), dietary of unsaturated fatty acid 5% plus antioxidants (A) and dietary of saturated fatty acid 5% (A).At the end of experiment period investigating fat acid mixture of femoral flesh in chicks of dietary O and its comparison to the chicks of dietary A showed significant increase of ecozapenthanoeic acid, decozapenthanoic acid and amount of omega 3 and omega 6. The ratio of omega 3 to omega 6 decreased significantly in dietary O while the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated one increased in the mixture of femoral flesh. At the end of experiment period investigating fat acid mixture of femoral flesh in chicks of dietary O and its comparison to the chicks of dietary A showed significant decrease of ecozapenthanoeic acid, decozapenthanoic acid and amount of omega 3 and omega 6 in dietary A toward dietary O. Also, significant decrease of total unsaturated fatty acids with multi twofold bands was observed in comparison to the treatment with dietary O. This study and its comparison to previous papers show the advantage of utilizing dietary containing unsaturated fatty acid plus antioxidants.


We use local earthquake coda waveform to characterize the seismic attenuation across northeast India. We measure temporal decay of coda amplitude to estimate coda quality factor (Qc) at frequencies 1 to 14 Hz and abstract Q0 and its frequency dependence (η). Single‐trace measurements reveal similar average Qc between 1 and 3 Hz and significant variation at higher frequencies. We combine single‐trace Qc measurements into a backprojection algorithm to compute 2‐D Qc tomography maps. The Qc maps reveal strong correlation with tectonic settings. At low frequencies (1–5 Hz) we observe relatively lower Qc in the Sikkim and Eastern Himalaya, southern Tibetan Plateau, and Bengal Basin, while the intraplate region and Indo‐Burman subduction zone have higher Qc. At higher frequencies (>5 Hz) we observe pronounced low Qc beneath Sikkim Himalaya, relatively lower Qc in the intraplate region and relatively higher Qc in the Bengal Basin and Indo‐Burman subduction zone. We compare our Q0 map with Vs tomography to characterize the crust. The lateral variation in the structure of the Himalayan thrust sheets between Sikkim and Eastern Himalaya is highlighted by low and intermediate Q0, respectively. The southern Tibetan Plateau, known to have low Vs due to elevated crustal temperatures, is characterized by low Q0, indicating associated scattering and anelastic effects. The intraplate continental crust and the cold elastic subducting oceanic lithosphere have intermediate‐to‐high Vs and are marked by high Q0. The Bengal Basin, with thick low Vs sedimentary layers overlying a rift‐faulted high Vs transitional crust, has low‐to‐intermediate Q0 due to depth averaging of attenuation characteristics.


A novel water soluble sulfonated hyperbranched polyether (HBPO-SO3),consisting of a hydrophobic hyperbranched poly(3-ethyl-3-oxetanemethanol) core and many sulfonate terminal groups,was designed as a promising heparin-like biomaterial.The micelle formation of the resultant HBPO-SO3 in aqueous solutions was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy using pyrene as a hydrophobic probe,and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined to be 0.017 mg/mL.The analyses of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly showed that all the sulfonated hyperbranched polyether samples aggregated into spherical micelles with diameters of 25~70 nm.The mean diameter of micelles determined by the laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer is about 32.5 nm.Compared with the saline solution used as a control in the plasma recalcification time (PRT) assay,both HBPO-SO3 micelles solution and unimolecular micelles solution could reduce blood clotting.In the case of HBPO-SO3 at a concentration of 0.33 mg/mL,there were no signs of clotting even after 1 h.The toxicity of HBPO-SO3 was assessed in vitro with ECV-304 cells using MTT method and found to be nontoxic for 48 h incubation up to a 0.1 mg/mL concentration.The cell morphology was also observed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).The results of CLSM revealed that the culture media containing HBPO-SO3 up to 0.1 mg/mL had no negative effect on the attachment and proliferation of cells,compared with the control.Results from the PRT assay and cell culture declared that both HBPO-SO3 micelles and the unimolecular micelles exhibited good hemocompatibility and low cytotoxicity.These experimental results suggest that HBPO-SO3 could be a good candidate for hydrophobic drug carriers.


of the system placed in/on the floor surface should have nominal requirements of power. The active tracking volume should be void of physical obstruction and big enough to facilitate a normal range of human motion. Researchers have been working on the development of tracking approaches worldwide. Although each approach concentrates on the requirements mentioned earlier, presently no existing solution has offered a comprehensive solution. The existing solutions are camera / video based systems, pressure based sensor system and capacitive / electric field sensing based sensor systems. Among the mentioned techniques, capacitive sensing has proven much prominent. This paper highlights the significance of human movement tracking and reviews the operation and application of the existing tracking approaches along with their concomitant advantages and shortcomings.


Adaptive road safety lighting is lighting which may be changed with changed circumstances. It may change with traffic flow, the weather, weekday/weekend, presence of vulnerable road users etc. It is clear from recent urban research benchmarking lighting levels to crash outcomes that in general any decrease in lighting levels can be expected to decrease safety and vice versa. Under a safe system, if lighting levels are reduced, the designer needs to ensure that other counter measures are taken, to reclaim the loss, either at the site of the reduction in safety, or arguably, elsewhere in the network. The designer also needs to use fine-tuning to maximize the safety gains from available lighting resources. A case study based on using urban arterials found that without increasing energy output an increase in crash savings of some 14 % could be achieved with a simple two step adaptive lighting scheme targeting lighting to risk. A smaller gain (11%) was achieved by targeting lighting levels to traffic volume. In conclusion, adaptive road lighting, used wisely within a safe system context allows fine-tuning of our lighting conditions so that safety and environment benefits can be simultaneously realised at a more optimal cost.


This research was carried out to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on growth performance, immune organs, and serum lipids of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 240 one-day-male broilers (Ross 308) distributed in four groups of 60 birds, including 4 replicates and 15 birds in each pen. Birds were fed on experimental diets including: T1 (control) without SNPs, T2, T3 and T4 supplementation basal diet with 4, 8 or 12 mg SNPs per kg of diet, respectively. At 21 d about 5 ml bloods (4 birds per groups) was removed from bronchial vein of four birds per replicate. Serum removed by centrifuged and stored at -20°C till the start of analysis. After blood sampling, birds were slaughtered and then visceral organs removed. Although the weight of selected organs was calculated regarding the total live body weight of each birds. The results indicated that SNPs have no significant effects on the performance (P≥0.05), there is a relative increased weight in SI and liver compared to control group (P≤0.05). Considering the abort points, the bursa weight was decreased compared to control treatment (P≤0.05). In addition TG, LDL, VLDL, and uric acid increased significantly (P≤0.05) in all treated than the control, as well as, HDL had significantly (P≤0.05) decreased compared with control. Relative weight of bursa Fabricius decreased (P≤0.05) in birds fed supplementation diet with levels of SNPs compared with control, especially in T4 birds. In conclusion, the SNPS no suitable alternatives as growth performance, Therefore, because of the mention changes may lead to negative effect on performance, immune response and health of broiler chickens.


Abstract : Since 1983, the United States Armed Forces have been involved in 33 Joint Task Forces (JTF). The scope of these JTF's have varied from Noncombatant Evacuation and Relief (disaster and humanitarian) operations to Environmental Cleanup operations. Joint Task Force Somalia provides a unique opportunity to review one of the key components of a JTF:- command and control. The fundamental challenge facing JTF command elements is achieving unity of effort among diverse service forces in a relatively short period of time. The presence of an effective command and control structure established for Joint Task Force Somalia appeared to be clear and straight forward. However, the command relationships were not as clear as the authors may have thought. In the end, it was professionalism and dedication to duty that got the mission accomplished. While these are time honored traits of U.S. military personnel, these traits should not be continually relied upon as work arounds for problems where solutions do exist. A solution is the designation of a service organization as the nucleus of a JTF.


This paper provides a brief description of Hyper-G, the first second-generation hypermedia system. The first section identifies problems with first generation hypermedia systems. The following sections discuss the new concepts that are implemented in Hyper-G, including user accounts and billing, scructuring of data, caching and replication, native document types, navigation, and editing and authoring. These concepts, such as a world-wide distributed network database, a separated link database and bidirectional links allow for highly sophisticated navigation and hyperlinks in all native document types such as hypertext, images, Postscript documents and even in movies, sound, and 30 scenes. Hyper-G also implements powerful search mechanisms, such as Boolean searching of titles, keywords, and fulltext with user-defined scope from one collection on one server to all servers worldwide. The system is compatible to first generation systems like Gopher and World Wide Web. (Author/AEF) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


SummaryTo enhance the effect of treatment method of Trichinellosis with mebendazole, lipid peroxidation processes (LPP) in blood of Wistar rats experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis were investigated. In accordance with health condition of infected rats treated with mebendazole and combination of mebendazole and AKβ vitamin complex, dynamics of the main values of the LPP (such as: activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration in blood serum) were analyzed. It was concluded that mebendazole amplifies the LPP in rat's blood. Additional administrations of the AKβ vitamin complex allow improvement of LPP parameters, raising compensatory-adaptive reactions of the host organism and reducing the rate of the experimental animal's mortality.


The effects of six different levels of water depths, applied during the growing season, on the production (yield) of mature almond trees were evaluated during four consecutive years in Albacete (Central Spain). The irrigation treatments applied were: T1, no irrigation with the exception of one irrigation needed to keep the trees alive; T2, which was irrigated by applying 25% of potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during the whole season (sustained deficit irrigation, SDI); T3, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatment received 50% of ETc, however during the kernel-filling period irrigation was 15% of ETc; T4, SDI treatment which was irrigated by applying 50% of ETc; T5, RDI treatment received 100% of ETc, however during the kernel-filling period irrigation was 20% of ETc and T6, which was irrigated to satisfy the entire demand of ETc. Results indicate that, statistically there were significant differences (P 0.05) in almond production and WUEI between RDI and SDI strategies. Although yield reductions for treatments T4 and T5 were significant (23% for T4 and 31% for T5 less than T6), the water savings obtained (50% for T4 and 55% for T5 of that applied with respect to T6) may encourage the adoption of SDI and RDI strategies in areas where a large portion of irrigation water comes from aquifers that are threatened by over exploitation.


The status quo,problems,and countermeasures on present universities credit system are put forward.With the analysis between general education and specialist education,the viewpoint is also put forward,that the kernel,the essential features and characteristics must be paid special attention to on the design for the modes of student capability cultivation under credit system at newly-established universities.It is significant on the construction of the modes of student capability cultivation under credit system at newly-established universities.


This paper is devoted to the construction of wavelet (or coherent state) systems arising from the action of certain semidirect products G=Rk⋊H on L2(Rk). For this purpose previous results which guarantee the existence of inversion formulas are applied to the special case where H is Abelian. The questions of systematic construction and conjugacy of such groups are completely resolved by setting up a correspondence to unit groups of commutative associative algebras. As an application the numbers of conjugacy classes of possible Abelian groups are computed for k=2,3,4. For k⩾7, there are uncountably many conjugacy classes. We then compute the admissibility conditions belonging to Abelian groups. The final section contains a characterization of Abelian matrix groups acting ergodically on some subset of Rk. This result ensures that the approach via associative algebras yields all possible groups.


Southen Fujian is the birthplace of a lot of folk-religion in the world and the foundation of folk-religious belief is wide ranging . Because there are mistaken understanding in developing folk-religious tourism, folk-religious tourism in Southen Fujian lands itself in passive position to some extent. From now on , the folk-religious tourism should be paid great attention, take advantage to develop comprehensively and perfect the government macro-control mechanism to realize folk-religious tourism sustainable development in Southen Fujian.


The present study developed a Maintenance Priority Index (MPI) for the six sections of the State Highway (SH-1) using certain factors affecting pavement maintenance. The factors considered in this study were pavement condition, riding quality, traffic characteristics, land use characteristics and characteristic deflection of the pavement. A relationship between pavement roughness and distress parameters like area of ravelling, cracked area etc. also developed. The pavement distress data was collected on SH stretching from Vetturoad to Adoor. Roughness survey was conducted using Bump integrator and Benkelman beam was used for the measurement of deflections in the pavement. Pavement Condition Indexes (PCI) for each section was determined. The relation between pavement distress and pavement roughness was modelled using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis. The models were significant as the forecasting errors were within the limits. Keywords—Maintenance Priority Index, Pavement condition Index, Distress parameters, Pavement roughness.


On the basis of an analysis of a four-wave panel survey, we argue that exposure to television news had significant, substantial effects on both attitudes and vote choices in Mexico's watershed presidential election of 2000. These findings support the contention, implicit in some research on political communication, that the magnitude of media effects varies with certain features of the political context. In particular, television influence in electoral campaigns may be substantially larger in emerging democratic systems.


Researchers have found that the metabolisms of organisms appear to scale proportionally to a 3/4 power of their mass. Mathematics in this article suggests that the capacity of an isotropically radiating energy supply scales up by a 4/3 power as its size (and therefore the degrees of freedom of its circulatory system) increases. Accordingly, cellular metabolism scales inversely by a 3/4 power, likely to prevent the 4/3 scaling up of the energy supply overheating the cell. The same 4/3 power scaling may explain cosmological dark energy.


Consider the system of equations describing the motion of a rigid body immersed in a viscous, incompressible fluid of Newtonian or generalized Newtonian type. The class of fluids considered includes in particular shearthinning or shear-thickening fluids of power-law type of exponent d ≥ 1. We develop a method to prove that this system admits a unique, local, strong solution in the Lp-setting. The approach presented in the case of generalized Newtonian fluids is based on the theory of quasi-linear evolution equations and requires that the exponent p satisfies the condition p > 5.


Background The demand for new agents inhibitors isolated from medicinal plants is increasing, especially in developing countries, where there is a growing increase in the frequency of infectious diseases, as well as in the resistance to antibiotics commonly used in therapy. The Stryphnodendron adstringens is a type of cerrado specie, popularly known as Barbatimão, belonging to Leguminosae-Mimosoidae family, widely used by the Brazilian population. According to Toledo [1] the extract obtained from the bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens shows antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Considering the high cost in the production of synthetic drugs and their various side effects, demand for natural products, used in popular medicine has increasingly been justified [2]. The objective of this project is to develop a Web system capable of selecting best individuals of a specie of medicinal plant from cerrado with antimicrobial activity, using techniques of machine learning such as decision trees and neural networks, where the data of attributes and classes can be added and managed an online system.


BACKGROUND: Clinical factors influence surgery duration. This study also investigated non-clinical effects. METHODS: 22 months of data about thoracic operations in a large hospital in China were reviewed. Linear and nonlinear regression models were used to predict the duration of the operations. Interactions among predictors were also considered. RESULTS: Surgery duration decreased with the number of operations a surgeon performed in a day (P<0.001). Also, it was found that surgery duration decreased with the number of operations allocated to an OR as long as there were no more than four surgeries per day in the OR (P<0.001), but increased with the number of operations if it was more than four (P<0.01). The duration of surgery was affected by its position in a sequence of surgeries performed by a surgeon. In addition, surgeons exhibited different patterns of the effects of surgery type for surgeries in different positions in the day. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery duration was affected not only by clinical effects but also some non-clinical effects. Scheduling and allocation decisions significantly influenced surgery duration.


Bone marrow transplantation is an effective method of treatment of deep depressions of hematopoiesis of different origin. In this connection, the new method of treatment of the above pathology attracts the attention of specialists of different profiles.


Nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG)-palladium (Pd)-based nanocatalysts (NDG@Pd) can be potentially applied as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of biaryls in a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. Herein, we report the one-pot facile synthesis of an NDG@Pd nanocatalyst, wherein the nanocatalyst was prepared by the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GRO) and PdCl2 in the presence of hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent, while ammonium hydroxide was used as a source of "N'' on the surface of graphene. The as-synthesized NDG@Pd nanocatalyst, consisting of smaller-sized, spherical-shaped palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the surface of NDG, was characterized by several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The nanocatalyst displayed outstanding catalytic activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of phenyl halides with phenyl boronic acids under facile conditions in water. The catalytic activity of NDG@Pd was found to be a more efficient catalyst when compared to pristine highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) based Pd nanocatalyst (HRG@Pd). Furthermore, the reusability of the catalyst was also tested by repeatedly performing the same reaction using the recovered catalyst. The N-doped catalyst displayed excellent reusability even after several reactions.