Now a days, recognition of plant species and leaves holds a great importance in the field of medical science, environmental issues like maintaining ecological balance, preserving distinct plants etc. Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a classifier, has shown tremendous success on the field of classification and detection task. In this paper, we have proposed to use the YOLOv2 model as a classifier through which we have trained the model using our leaf dataset. In this transfer learning approach our target leaf data set was used to classify leaves as our target task. Both recognition and localization of the leaves are done through this work. Multiple leaves detection and classification is also an achievement of this work. Approximately 96% classification accuracy was achieved to classify the leaves which had also shown a satisfactory localization accuracy also. Both recognition and localization of leaves will bring a success to the researchers in the field of botany, medicinal plant analysis also.


Problem setting. An analysis of the constitutional principles of legal regulation of tax relations is carried out and the main features of such principles at the present stage of development of public relations in Ukraine and other countries are determined. It is established that the numerous changes that are constantly made to the content and individual provisions of the main sources of tax legislation of Ukraine, especially the Tax Code of Ukraine, are balanced by the fundamental importance and role of constitutional foundations of taxation, enshrined in the Basic Law of Ukraine. Target of research. The purpose of the article is to analyze on the basis of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge of the constitutional principles of legal regulation of tax relations, determination of the main features of these principles at the present stage of development of public relations in Ukraine and other countries. Article's main body. It is pointed out that along with the development of tax relations and the increase in tax revenues of budgets, there was an awareness of the need to consolidate the tax duty among the system of basic constitutional duties of the individual. It is stated that establishing of the basic tax duty of taxpayers at the constitutional level took place in the form of the constitutional principle of universality of taxation. It is emphasized that the constitutional principle of universality of taxation has certain legal limits determined by the principle of the rule of law. It is demonstrated that the direct manifestation of defining the limits of the principle of universality of taxation at the constitutional level is consolidation in constitutional law rules the legality of the establishment, as well as full or partial prevention of retroactive effect of the tax mechanism in cases where it worsens the situation of taxpayers. Conclusions and prospects for the development. It is stated that simultaneously with the principle of universality of taxation, that is directly enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, the indirectly enshrined constitutional principle of equality of taxation is derived from the provisions determining equal legal protection of all forms of property. It is emphasized that the content of the principle of equality in taxation provides the same attitude to taxpayers who have a similar economic situation, and differentiated attitude to taxpayers with different economic situation. It is concluded that the principle of equality of taxation by its economic nature harmonizes the principle of universality of taxation, helping to reconcile divergent public and private interests in tax relations and thus promote their development, increase the efficiency of national tax systems.


Objective To analyze the serological and molecular characteristics of a blood sample from donor with ABO blood grouping discrepancy. Methods The sample was determined for weak erythrocyte antigen by adsorption and elution test, and for genotype by SSP-PCR. The PCR product was cloned and sequenced. Results The serological reaction pattern of the sample was consistent with that of Ax subgroup. Molecular biological test proved the sample as group A. Sequencing result showed missense mutation of two serial bases, i. e. nt187G A and nt188C T, at the Exon4 of ABO gene, resulting the change of amino acid at site 63 from Arg to His. Conclusion The Ax subgroup was due to the mutation of two bases at Exon4, which resulted the change of amino acid as well as the decrease of glycosyltransferase activity and expression of A antigen.


A compact disk player comprises a shell body and a compact disk read-write unit which is located in the shell body. The compact disk player further comprises a turntable, at least two carrying plates arranged on the turntable, and a rotating shaft which is fixed with the turntable. The carrying plates are used for carrying compact disks and driving the compact disks to rotate. The compact disk player further comprises a button. The button drives the rotating shaft to rotate a preset angle, the turntable rotates along with the rotating shaft, and therefore one of the carrying plates is made to rotate to a preset position. According to the compact disk player, multiple compact disks can be installed in the compact disk player at one time; the rotating shaft drives the turntable to rotate so that the multiple carrying plates can switch their positions, and the effect that the compact disks carried by different carrying plates can be read and written without opening a compact disk door and replacing the compact disks can be achieved.


When the Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii was exposed to progressive hypoxia under static conditions, it exhibited a linear decline in O2 uptake, behaving as an 'oxyconformer'. When, however, it was allowed to swim at a low sustained speed, it could regulate O2 uptake down to a mean ±s.e. critical (Pcrit) of 4·9 ± 0·5 kPa (n= 6). At moderate levels of hypoxia, static fish exhibited significant reductions in arterial blood O2 content, and increases in plasma lactate, which were not observed in swimming animals.


Information quality is a kind of capacity of gaining useful information with advanced techniques and making use of information resources.As the basic quality of being an editor of college journal,information quality mainly includes better cultural quality,capability of learning,sharp consciousness for information and comprehensive power of information analysis.An editor of college journal should pay attention to improve one's own information quality in practice.


A parametric approach algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method is proposed which can be exploited for high-resolution parameter estimation in the domain of signal processing applications. The array signal model turns out to be a superposition of two-dimensional sinusoids with the first component of each frequency doublet corresponding to the direction of the target and second component to the velocity. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm and its various aspects. Also, the presented algorithm is compared with a subspace based technique, multiple signal classification (MUSIC) to highlight the key differences in performance under different circumstances. It is observed that the developed algorithm has satisfactory performance and is able to determine the direction of arrival (DOA) as well as the velocity of multiple moving targets and at the same time it performs better than MUSIC under correlated noise. Index Terms—Direction of arrival, high resolution, two-dimensional, velocity estimation.


Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of dopamine transporters by using the cocaine derivative [123I]-(1R)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane ([123I]-β-CIT) has been shown to be useful in patients with Parkinsonism. The aim of this study was to compare β-CIT imaging with single-headed (SHS) and three-headed gamma camera systems (THS). In 17 patients with Parkinsonism, SPECT imaging with an SHS and a THS was performed 24 h after injection of 180 MBq of [123I]-β-CIT. The SPECT studies were evaluated by visual assessment of the caudate nucleus (CN) and the putamen (PT) and the calculation of the striatal/cerebellar (S/C) ratios (with additional comparison to clinical symptoms measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)). The S/C ratios measured by the SHS and THS showed highly significant correlation (two-tailed P<0.01) with Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) of 0.864 for the right side, 0.676 for the left side, and 0.761 for both sides. By the SHS, a sufficient visual differentiation between the CN and the PT could not be achieved. A significantly better distinction could be achieved by using the THS (Wilcoxon P<0.05). The S/C ratios of the THS only showed a significant (P<0.05) SCC of −0.514 comparing to the UPDRS. Pathological alterations in the β-CIT uptake pattern could be identified by using the SHS, but a significantly better differentiation of CN and the PT was possible by using the THS. The significant correlation of the S/C ratios measured by THS only emphasizes the value of THS in β-CIT imaging.


The dielectric properties of the hydrogen bonded binary system of non-associated polar liquid methyl benzoate (ester) and associated polar liquid N-methylaniline (secondary amine) were studied on both pure and equimolar binary mixtures of methyl benzoate and N-methylaniline in dilute solutions of benzene. AM 1 semi-empirical calculations were performed on various conformers of the hydrogen bonded complex. The minimum enery conformer was selected and self-consistent reaction field calculations were performed on the resultant geometry to include solvent effects. The experimental value of dipole moment is compared with the calculated value for the conformers.


The Campos Basin, offshore Brazil, is a typical passive margin basin in the western South Atlantic, and the most prolific basin with about forty producing fields including deep-water giant fields. The Campos Basin is currently responsible for more than 80% of Brazilian oil production.The hydrocarbon accumulations are distributed throughout the stratigraphic column of the basin from Neocomian to Miocene. The most important oil accumulations in the basin are associated with deep-water fans distributed in the stratigraphic column from Cenomanian to Miocene. Almost all the hydrocarbon accumulations discovered to date are sourced mainly from Barremian to early Aptian lacustrine shales of the Lagoa Feia Formation in the pre-salt sequence. The oil pooled in the post-salt sequence migrated through a system associated with pre-salt normal faults, "salt windows" in the Aptian evaporite, listric faults and regional unconformities.The play fairway map was made based on considering the basement and the salt development, the fault distributions and the kitchen area. This map presented that the Campos Basin was divided into five structural zones. These zones could be closely related to the hydrocarbon potential. It was evaluated that the eastern part of Zone I and Zone IIa along the present day shelf edge provided more favorable condition for the hydrocarbon accumulation than other zones. The oil of Marlim Sul field is trapped in the blanket turbidites that pinch out toward the northwest landward. The thick mud deposits derived from the muddy turbidites was considered to be the important factor for establishing the stratigraphic trap.


Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. A range of programming models (and the languages that constitute the practical implementation of these models) exist to address parallel programming challenges. At present, however, one model dominates LLNL application codes: SPMD message-passing using MPI for internode communication, and occasionally, OpenMP for intranode parallelism. In this survey, we characterize the following novel programming models that may be of use to LLNL teams as supercomputing moves toward exascale.


The developmental activities in the urban areas are severely affecting the river flow pattern of the rivers; especially the rivers which pass through the urban habitation are causing heavy floods. The effect of encroachment in the city limits due to urbanization reduces the flow path of rivers causing flooding in adjacent areas. The available data indicates that causalities due to increased frequency of occurrence of flood have increased from 1000 per year in 1965-75 decade to 1700 per year in 2005-15 decade. The available data also indicates from 2005 to 2015 the cumulative economical losses due to floods are about 2% of current GDP of India. Under these circumstances it's necessary to asses flood risk of the cities which are located on the banks of major rivers. This paper deals with the study of Nashik, a Holy city located on the banks of river Godavari in Maharashtra State, India. The city is subjected to heavy floods frequently due to intense rainfall in the catchment, release from the Gangapur Dam located upstream of the city and increased construction activities resulting into the reduction of river flow path. Gangapur dam is the storage dam located at 15 km upstream of Nashik city with a gross storage of 215.88 MCM. During monsoon the dam gets filled up and the excess water is released in the Godavari River, this additional discharge in the river causes heavy flood like situations in the city. Considering the rainfall pattern, capacity of the Dam it is difficult to control floods however the losses due to floods can be reduced by analysing and taking precaution. In this study the floods occurring in the river are analysed by using the HEC-RAS software with RAS Mapper. A typical case of 2006 flood event is analysed with HEC-RAS. The results obtained from the analysis indicate that the cross-sections 13 to 29 are critical which are located in the parts of Nashik city and among these the cross-section 27(near Panchvati area) shown the maximum values of all parameters. The model can also be used for estimating the total submergence for maximum rainfall of various return periods. From the results it is concluded that the severity of the flood and the losses in Nashik city and in the nearby areas can be estimated and reduced by adopting few management techniques such as river cleaning, providing a safe passage to excess water from Gangapur Dam to the Darna river which is on the downstream side of the Nashik city, construction of gabion wall along the river at critical locations etc.


Capturing a well‐focused image using an autofocus camera can be difficult in oral cavity and on a hairy scalp. Light‐field digital cameras capture data regarding the color, intensity, and direction of rays of light. Having information regarding direction of rays of light, computer software can be used to focus on different subjects in the field after the image data have been captured.


Internal benchmarking through departmental comparisons can be used to motivate different departments and to improve performance by making relevant information available, with competition for resources among peer departments serving as a powerful stimulus. Outcomes at the departmental level can also be monitored. An example of this would be monitoring the number of tyres produced weekly by the tyre production department of an automobile factory. Furthermore, tactical decision-making can be used to monitor and control the progress of one-off projects. An example of this would be monitoring to ensure the maintenance of suitable stock levels following the introduction of a just-in-time production system in a factory.


The development and increase of the agro-industrial activity generate bio-waste that represents significant quantities and causes environmental impacts, as residual effluents and solid wastes. These bio-wastes can be converted into different products through the pyrolysis processes (biochar, bio-oil, and gas). In this work, the pyrolysis at 673, 773, and 873 K of 12 types of bio-waste characterized by their elemental composition was assessed through the simulation process. Cape Open to Cape Open Simulator (COCO) free software was used in simulations. Thus, the biochar, bio-oil, and gas yields were predicted. Also, the energy, water consumption, and CO2 emission were calculated for each type of bio-waste. The marc and the stalk of white grape presented the highest biochar and bio-oil yields (30.7 and 53.1 %wt) at 673 K. The pistachio green shell presented the highest gas yield, 53.7 %wt at 873 K. The maximum energy consumption and CO2 emissions founded were 13.72 kWh and 3.72 kg/h for the stalk of white grape at 873 K respectively, while the lowest energy consumption and CO2 emission were 9.22 kWh and 2.31 kg/h for plum pits at 773 K respectively. The highest water consumption was 25.86 kg/h for the stalk of red grape at 773 K, while the lowest value was 14.30 kg/h for plum pits at 773 K.


INTRODUCTION: The measurement of platelet inhibition (PI) level may be useful in quantifying the risk of thromboembolic complication in subjects undergoing endovascular treatment using implantable materials. We studied the predictability of the VerifyNow point-of-care assay in a large sample of consecutive neurointerventional procedures. METHODS: The percentage of P2Y12-inhibition was systematically measured in a total of 271 procedures (245 patients). The incidence of poor response and adverse events within the first 48 hours were recorded. RESULTS: The overall occurrence of poor response after a single loading-dose of clopidogrel of 300 mg was 61.3 % using a cut-off of 40 % and 43.9 % using a cut-off of 20 %. In the analysis of the incidence of adverse events by P2Y12-inhibition grouping, a significant association was observed between thromboembolic events and low response, with an overall incidence of 10.2 % (cutoff of 40 %) and 11.8 % (cut-off of 20 %). The assessment of predictability using different cut-offs showed that more than 90 % of thromboembolic events would be in the group of poor responders using a 40 % cutoff and more than 75 % using 20 %. CONCLUSION: The use of the VerifyNow assay in the neurointerventional context seems a valuable tool in the early detection of individuals at risk of perioperative thromboembolic adverse events.


Cycling is a green transportation mode, and is promoted by many governments to mitigate traffic congestion. However, studies concerning the traffic dynamics of bicycle flow are very limited. This study experimentally investigated bicycle flow dynamics on a wide road, modeled using a 3-m-wide track. The results showed that the bicycle flow rate remained nearly constant across a wide range of densities, in marked contrast to single-file bicycle flow, which exhibits a unimodal fundamental diagram. By studying the weight density of the radial locations of cyclists, we argue that this behavior arises from the formation of more lanes with the increase of global density. The extra lanes prevent the longitudinal density from increasing as quickly as in single-file bicycle flow. When the density is larger than 0.5 bicycles/m2, the flow rate begins to decrease, and stop-and-go traffic emerges. A cognitive-science-based model to reproduce bicycle dynamics is proposed, in which cyclists apply simple cognitive procedures to adapt their target directions and desired riding speeds. To incorporate differences in acceleration, deceleration, and turning, different relaxation times are used. The model can reproduce the experimental results acceptably well and may also provide guidance on infrastructure design.


In the Uinta basin, Utah, the black-shale facies of the Green River Formation (Eocene) is divided into 5 rock units: 4 lacustrine units designated by the letters A-D, and a fluvial unit, the Wasatch tongue of the black-shale facies. The Wasatch tongue occupies the same stratigraphic position as unit C. Unit A contains the oldest lacustrine rocks of the black-shale facies, and is transgressive on the underlying fluvial Wasatch Formation (Paleocene-Eocene). All of the lacustrine units contain black fine-grained clastic rocks. Units B and D contain more carbonate rocks than do other units. Units B and D are also the most extensive of the lacustrine units. Units A, B, and C range in thickness from 100 to 300 ft, whereas the Wasatch tongue is 100-400 ft thick. Unit D has the g eatest thickness range, from about 100 to 500 ft. Rocks contained in the 4 lacustrine units vary in composition depending upon where they were deposited in relation to the center of the basin. The central lake environment of deposition produced mostly dark-gray to black, fine-grained clastic rocks and finely crystalline, brown to dark-brown carbonate rocks. The total clastic content of the lacustrine rocks and their model grain size increase toward the peripheries of the depositional basin and sandstone and siltstone become more abundant. Near the edges of the basin carbonate rocks are more saccharoidal in texture and contain larger amounts of silt- and sand-sized grains, oolite, pisolite, and shell fragments. The depositional axis trends east-west and the depositional center of the lacustrine units is south of Duchesne, Utah, except for unit D where the center is farther south. Well control is sparse in the western part of the Uinta basin. Lake Uinta was initiated by the coalescing of several small freshwater lakes on a broad alluvial plain. Downwarping led to the formation of the first moderately deep Green River Lake and the deposition of the black fine clastics and other rocks in unit A. The lake was thermally or chemically stratified, which is suggested by the preserved organic material and the presence of pyrite and salt crystals. As the lake transgressed over the fluvial sediments and became larger, the sediments of unit B were deposited. Unit B contains abundant carbonate rocks that were deposited over the entire lake, but particularly in the shallower part where the temperature was highest. A change in climate and/or increasing downwarping caused the lake to diminish its total area and unit C was deposited. Duri g the deposition of unit C, the fluvial sediments of the Wasatch tongue of the black-shale facies were deposited along the southern part of the basin. The lake then transgressed back across the fluvial sediments and deposited unit D. The dominant rock types of unit D are very similar to those of unit B, indicating a similar environment of deposition. Much of the oil and gas production in the Green End_Page 543------------------------------ River Formation in the Uinta basin is from the black-shale facies or equivalent units. End_of_Article - Last_Page 544------------


The present invention relates to a closure member can be twisted piercing liner, wherein the diaphragm is inserted between the container opening and the dispensing closure. The system includes a base opening extending from said container. Said base having a receiving passage and an annular sealing flange extending inwardly around said passage axially. Moving the nozzle disposed within the receiving channel of the base and having a grippable discharge end, the discharge end projecting outwardly from the receiving passage axially base. Said nozzle having a dispensing passage of the nozzle extending therethrough and having a peripheral sealing surface, the ring of the sealing surface and the base of the sealing flange in sealing engagement. The nozzle also having a piercing member at the nozzle axially inward end. The cam track is located within the base or nozzle. The other cam follower located base or the nozzle, the cam follower engaged in the cam track.


Two new species of asterocherid associated with sponges are described from the Mediterranean Sea. They are Psilomyzon laetitiae sp. nov. and Psilomyzon sarcotragusicola sp. nov. The genus Psilomyzon consists of only one known species, P. pauciseta. The two new species can be easily distinguished from the cogener species by reduction of the endopod of leg 4. In P. pauciseta the leg 4 endopod is 3-segmented, with the third segment reduced; in both new species it is 2-segmented, with the second segment carrying an inner projection, possibly homologous to the third segment of the leg 4 endopod of P. pauciseta. In the two new species, the bifid outer process on male leg 4 second endopodal segment seems to be serially homologous to the similar processes on the same segment in legs 1–3, whereas the inner projection may represent a vestigial element of the third endopodal segment of leg 4. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:33BF0653-BBA9-426B-B365-5D8C62DFD44A


Abstract Feeding adults of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), on a tagging solution of P32 containing 20–50 μc./ml. had no apparent effect on their longevity, mating, fecundity, and motility or on the viability of their eggs. The rate of 20–50 μc./ml. was in the range used for dispersal studies. Moths thus tagged had radioactivities of about 1500–2500 c.p.m. Female moths fed on solutions of P32 at 100 μc./ml. showed counting rates of more than 5000 c.p.m. These females, when mated with normal males, laid approximately 33% fewer eggs than normal females. Also, the fertility of the eggs was reduced by about 25% when only the female parent was radioactive and 15% when only the male parent was radioactive to the extent of over 5000 c.p.m.


In this paper, the authors examine how well the Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP) and the band-pass filter (BK) recently proposed by Baxter and King (1995) extract bysiness cycle frequencies for the level of macroeconomic time series.


In 1438 Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, was second-in-line to the Portuguese throne. The death of his elder brother Duarte had left the royal seat vacant and Pedro, a middle-aged, powerful magnate was elected as regent for Duarte's son Afonso, the boy of six to whom the crown fell. First as the coregent and then single-handedly, Pedro governed over Portugal and its elites during a decade marked in turn by contentment and upheaval, as much as by courtly struggles between aristocratic factions. In 1449, amidst accusations of lese-majesty and of favouring his own, Pedro would meet a bitter end in the field of battle, at the hands of his young nephew, King Afonso V, seemingly manipulated by an influential clique of enemies to the regent. This paper will examine Pedro of Coimbra and some of the men surrounding him during his political career (c. 1416 to 1449), in particular those employed as «diplomats» in foreign service. It will trace three different stages in Pedro's trajectory — as a prince in the making, as the king's counsellor, and finally as regent of the Portuguese kingdom — in order to question the extent to which a leading magnate of the fifteenth century was able to project his political influence in tandem with, or in reaction to, royal power. Ultimately, the paper highlights the co-existence, and indeed the overlap, between royal and non-royal diplomatic ambitions and the strains and challenges that it caused in the politics and diplomacy of Portugal in this period.


Marine ecosystems are among the most attractive fields in metagenomics. Thus, we propose to use this approach to explore the microbial diversity of Moroccan marine ecosystems. In our present study, we chose to target lagoons as ideal and specific marine locations to study microbial biodiversity. Our site of interest is the Nador lagoon "Marchica", located in the North-East of Morocco. The outcome will be compared to results from other aquatic ecosystems, including an Atlantic Moroccan lagoon and both Mediterranean sea and Atlantic ocean sites, with regard to suggest which environmental factors influence the selection of microorganisms that might have an impact on the environmental and human health. During both June and December 2014 sampling campaigns, we performed the sampling in seven different marine Moroccan ecosystems including two lagoons. We measured physicochemical parameters in situ and filtrated water samples. We performed DNA extraction on the filtrated samples and sequencing using illumina platforms. We used metagenomics tools and pipelines for bioinformatics analysis. The results are available on the EBI metagenomics archive. Metagenomics RNA 16S Analysis revealed a total of 13 phylums in all Moroccan marine sites, both Mediterranean and Atlantic ones, showing approximately similar diversity and density. Unclassified Bacteria showed successively minimum and maximum percent in both Mediterranean and Atlantic ecosystems of 4.28-7.44 and 4.0313.11. Up next, we will be investigating further these unclassified bacteria still unexplored in the Moroccan marine ecosystems. A thorough analysis will be conducted to extend beyond the identification of the phylum to genus and species level. Furthermore, we will also be analyzing the metabolic pathways in the community context. This will be the first time where such metagenomics approach is applied in Morocco to study aquatic ecosystems. This work is also part of the Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) consortium where our group is the coordinator for the Moroccan OSD network.


Objective: Investigating the relationship between glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) and plasticity of the spinal lamina Ⅱ. Methods: 5 adult male cats were performed unilateral spared root rhizotomy (L 1-L 5, L 7-S 2 was transected, L 6 DRG was spared). On the 10th day after the operation, the animals were sacrificed and L 3 segments were taken and made into frozen section 20?μm on the thickness. The sections were stained using specific GDNF antibody (1∶1?500) by ABC method. The distribution of GDNF-like immunoreactivity products in the spinal cord was observed and the density of GDNF positive varicosities in the spinal lamina Ⅱ was also counted. Furthermore, the gray degree of GDNF in the spinal lamina Ⅱ were also determined to know its content. Results: In the intact side, GDNF positive immunoreactive products mainly distributed in neurons of gray matter. GDNF positive varicosities appeared in the lamina Ⅱ and some glial cells. On 10d after the operation, density of GDNF positive varicosities in lamina Ⅱ of the operated side decreased apparently compared to that of the opposite side, while gray degree increased prominently. Conclusion: The level of GDNF in lamina Ⅱ of the operated side after partial dorsal rhizotomy was downregulated. It indicates that GDNF not only participates in the physiological function of the spinal cord, but also plays an important role in the plasticity of the spinal lamina Ⅱ.


In view of the relatively backward situation of automation information technology in manufacturing enterprises, this paper analyzes the manufacturing process of industry, designs and constructs a HD_MAS (Hierarchical Distributed Multi-Agent Systems(MAS)) architecture for collaborative control of process industry process so as to achieve collaborative control optimization for the whole manufacturing process. Based on MAS technology, this paper constructs a collaborative control model for manufacturing system that integrates multiple production units. This model combines several intelligent modules and physical entities organically. Based on the cooperation between Multi-agents, the improved MADDPG (Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient) algorithm is proposed. A new algorithm framework called DS_MADDPG (Distributed Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient) is applied to this model. Through the cooperation of Multi-agents, a certain intelligent control system is formed so that it can accurately complete complex production tasks and achieve distributed collaborative control of the manufacturing process, which will drive manufacturing companies to transform into the smart manufacturing.


Transport congestion problem on the city streets and arterial roads is one of the most argued ones in the world's largest cities and agglomerations. The field of modern transportation solutions researches lies in the design of transport systems according to the smart city concept that consists in integration of transport planning solutions and intelligent technology. The article is devoted to the issue how to organize different types of transport flow in an urban transport transit hub as a centers of gravity and interconnection of human and traffic. The main aim of the study of basic roads and streets operation parameters on the example of transport transit hubs of the Moscow city is to develop an appropriate approach to roads and streets network planning, coordinated with traffic management rules. Such approach should be focused on the integration of modern requirements for territories design, for quality and safety of public spaces, and apply telecommunications and information technology. The first section in your paper.


Here $\mathscr{R}^{\infty}(R^{n})=$ { $f\in C^{\infty}(R^{n});\partial^{\alpha}f\in L^{\infty}$ for all $\alpha\in N^{n}$ }. Put $a_{2}(x,\xi)=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j,k=1}^{n}a_{jk}(x)\xi_{j}\xi_{k},a_{1}(t,x, \xi)=\sum_{j=1}^{n}b_{j}(t,x)\xi_{j}$ . The purpose of this paper is to give a sufficient condition for the Cauchy problem (1.1) to be well-posed in the framework of the Sobolev spaces $H^{s}$ . First we recall the related results. About the necessity, the following theorem has been shown by Ichinose [Ic.2] (resp. Hara [Ha]) in case of $L^{2}$ (resp. $H^{\infty}$ ) wellposedness.


: The U-antigen is part of the MNS blood group. Named for its almost universal expression, a U-negative phenotype is reported in ~1% of individuals of African descent. The spectrum of IgG-mediated anti-U hemolysis includes alloimmune disease of the fetus and newborn. The clinical presentation among affected newborns ranges from mild anemia to erythroblastosis fetalis. We present a case of maternal anti-U positivity and severe middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler concerning for anti-U hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn managed by multiple intrauterine transfusions (IUTs). Uniquely, this case reports the lowest critical maternal anti-U titer to-date resulting in clinically significant fetal anemia. We also searched the literature using the general term "anti-U hemolytic disease" in PubMed to provide a review of case presentations, management methods, and outcomes. The maternal critical anti-U titer was initially 32 at 25 weeks and progressed to 64 by date of delivery. The initially normal fetus, at the 83rd growth percentile at 24 weeks, developed severe range MCA Doppler indices at 26 weeks [peak systolic velocity 59.9 cm/sec, 1.72 multiples of the median (MoM)]. The first percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS) at 26 5/7 weeks revealed a hemoglobin (Hgb) of 8.9 g/dL, 6.7% reticulocytes. IUTs were initiated for severe fetal anemia and predicted Hgb loss, four in total. Intrauterine growth restriction (<5%) developed by 36 weeks, prompting delivery by repeat cesarean section for non-reassuring fetal status. In conclusion, we successfully managed a case of severe anti-U-mediated fetal anemia by IUT performed via both fetal intravascular and intraperitoneal routes using donated U-negative blood. We identified 14 reports of anti-U hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn that feature a broad range in clinical severity. Anti-U hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is a rare, but potentially serious condition and should be managed in accordance with Rh alloimmunization guidelines. Antibody titers are inconsistently associated with clinical severity of disease. Surveillance with MCA Doppler and IUT with donated U-negative blood have shown promising outcomes.


In Arrow's framework for social choice the voters are supposed to give a preference ordering over the alternatives and hence they are not able to express indifferences between two or more voters. In the framework of Michel Balinski and Rida Laraki, called Majority Judgement, as well as in the framework of Warren D. Smith, called Range Voting, voters are supposed to give an evaluation of the candidates in some common language or grading system. Consequently, they can convey much more information than in the framework of Arrow. While Warren D. Smith takes for each candidate its average as final value, Balinski and Laraki take the median value for each candidate, in order to reduce the danger of manipulation. However, this brings along a number of counter-intuitive results. As an alternative, we propose in this paper to use a version of the Borda Count, but now in the framework of Balinski and Laraki. We show that the resulting Borda Majority Count avoids the counter-intuitive results and has a number of other nice properties as well.


In order to evaluate importance of one condition attribute,the importance of the condition attribute with respect to decision attribute and the attribute set which is composed of the condition attribute and others attributes must be simultaneously considered.A new importance degree evaluation method on attribute set is proposed based on discriminated matrix and the fact that dependency degree of attribute set is more authentic than dependency degree of single attribute.The proposed method can quickly get discriminated matrix and directly obtain dependency degree of attributes set.Examples show that it has better effectiveness and lower time complexity.


Mitochondria contribute to intracellular redox status and Ca2+ homeostasis. Intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration are regulated via an electrophoretic uniporter that is driven by the transmembrane potential. Several abnormalities have been observed in the Ca2+ metabolism of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We studied whether mitochondrial membrane potential (mΔΨ), complex IV activity, and Ca2+ metabolism were altered in brain mitochondria of 1‐month and 7‐month SHR. We used safranine probe to determinate membrane potential. Complex IV activity was determinated measuring oxygen consumption with a Clark‐type electrode. Ca2+ levels and uptake were determinated using Fluo‐3AM and Arsenazo III. Ca2+ uptake was decreased in SHR compared to normotensive rats (WKY) of 1 month old. mΔΨ was lower in SHR than WKY 1‐mo rats, while mΔΨ decreased in both 7‐mo groups of rats. Complex IV activity decreased by 35% and 100% in 1‐mo WKY and SHR rats, respectively, in the presence of 480 nmols Ca2+. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption decreased after addition of 480 nmols Ca2+ in 7‐month SHR. mΔΨ decreased in the presence of 640 and 480 nmol Ca2+ in WKY and SHR, respectively. These data show an age‐dependent decrease on complex IV activity of SHR activity parallel to a diminishing in mΔΨ, which impair [Ca2+]m and Ca2+‐dependent mtNOS activity. Supported by Fondos Mixtos CONACYT‐Gob. Edo. de Michoacán (64277, 64308), COECYT and CIC‐UMSNH (2.16) grants.


: In opportunistic networks, the path connecting two nodes is not continuous at any time instant. In such an environment, routing is an extremely taxing word owing to the ever-changing nature of the network and random connections between nodes. Routing in such networks is done by a store carry forward mechanism, in which local information is used to make opportunistic routing decisions. In this study, the authors present a novel dynamic and intelligent self-learning routing protocol that is an improvement of the history-based routing protocol for opportunistic (HiBOp) networks. The proposed method presents a novel solution for the estimation of average latency between any two nodes, which is used along with reinforcement learning to dynamically learn the nodes' interactions. Simulation results on a real mobility trace (INFOCOM 2006) show that latency-aware reinforced routing for opportunistic network applied to HiBOp outperforms the original HiBOp protocol by 14.4% in terms of delivery probability, 15% in terms of average latency and 34.7% in terms of overhead ratio.


A preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine lotion for treating closed fracture with syndrome of breathing pain belongs to the technical field of preparation methods of traditional Chinese medicine drugs. Presently, Western medicines are generally used to treat the closed fracture with the syndrome of breathing pain, and the treatments have certain side effects. According to the technical scheme, the preparation method includes: selecting thirty-one Chinese medicinal herbs including swamp mahogany leaf, bulb of unibract fritillary, tendrilleaf fritillary, przewalsk fritillary or delavay fritillary, waxplant stem or leaf, roundpod jute seed, duhat fruit, sweet apricot kernel, common coltsfoot flower, round cardamom fruit, mary rhododendron leaf and twig, amur barberry root, creeping woodsorrel herb, davurian buckthorn fruit, villosulous veronicastrum herb, daghestan sweetclover herb, coffee senna herb, common alstonia bark and leaf, common lophatherum herb, pale butterflybush flower, mung bean, Mongolian dandelion herb, common stonecrop flower, shortstalk slimtop meadowrue root, fruticose breyniae leaf and twig, small-leaved desmodium herb, franchet groundcherry calyx and fruit, Chinese twinleaf rhizome, root of uniflower swisscentaury or broadleaf globethistle, Chinese olive fruit, small-leaved lemmaphyllum herb, savoury rhododendron leaf and twig, and liquorice root; decocting the Chinese medicinal herbs in water; decocting with slow fire; and filtering to remove residue to obtain decoction which is the traditional Chinese medicine lotion for treating closed fracture with syndrome of breathing pain. The preparation method has the advantages that the prepared traditional Chinese medicine liquid has low toxic and side effects, the treatment course is short, and the cure rate is high.


Data was collected from Port Sudan veterinary quarantine in the Red Sea from the annual and monthly reports during the period from 1999 to 2005. Information about international trade agreement were collected and discussed to explain the role of The World Trade Organization (WTO) and The Agreement on the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures, in regulating livestock trade and how these measures may act as a technical barrier to sheep trade. Results showed that about 4.4% to 14.5% from the monthly exports of sheep were rejected in the year 2005 due to sanitary measures, which may be used as a disguised restriction to trade.


The invention relates to a method that includes at least the following step as the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds contained in a feedstock containing hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms: a) the feedstock, comprising the steps that a gas stream containing hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a nickel or platinum dispersed on the substrate is contacted in the reactor, at a temperature of the contact 100 to 400 ℃, 0.5 to 8 ㎫ in the pressure, is conducted to the time the volume flow rate of the liquid feedstock in the reactor inlet of 0.5 to 5 h b) a part that is obtained from the phase of the liquid form of a) - a step hydrogenation catalyst comprising a nickel or platinum dispersed on a hydrogenation feedstock, the gas stream containing hydrogen, and the substrate is contacted in the reactor, wherein the contact at a temperature of 100 to 400 ℃, at a pressure of 0.5 to 8 ㎫, from 0.3 to 8 h


Abstract Adsorptive stripping differential‐pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) methods were developed, evaluated, and compared for ultra‐trace determination of thalidomide in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids (blood serum and urine). The most sensitive thalidomide reduction peak at −804 mV for SWV and at −921 mV for DPV were used. Selective pre‐concentration of thalidomide on the static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) was achieved, increasing the sensitivity of determinations. A study to verify potential interferences from concomitant active drugs, such as tetracycline and sulfanilamide, was performed. Strategies to allow selective determination of thalidomide in blood serum and urine are presented. Analytical figures of merit for both techniques are shown, with absolute limit of detection (ALOD), for 100 µL sample of 4.7 pg for DPV and 0.5 pg for SWV. Linear dynamic range extended over three and four orders of magnitude, respectively, for DPV and SWV. These methods were tested in a commercial pharmaceutical formulation and in two laboratory simulated tablets containing either sulfanilamide or tetracycline. Thalidomide spiked blood serum and urine were also analyzed, however, in these cases, sample pre‐treatment was necessary to minimize matrix interferences. Excellent recoveries were obtained for all samples analyzed.


Massive stars having a CO core of $\sim$40-60 M$_\odot$ experience pulsational pair-instability (PPI) after carbon-burning. This instability induces strong pulsations of the whole star and a part of outer envelope is ejected. We investigate the evolution and mass ejection of metal-poor very massive stars which experience PPI. We use stellar models with initial masses of 140, 200, and 250 M$_\odot$ and the metallicity Z=0.004. Their masses decrease to 54.09, 58.65, and 61.03 M$_\odot$ before the neon-burning owing to mass-loss and He mass fraction at the surface becomes about 20%. During the PPI period of $\sim$1-2000 yr, they experience six, four, and three pulsations, respectively. The larger CO-core model has the longer PPI period and ejects the larger amount of mass. Since almost all surface He has been lost by the pulsations, these stars become Type Ic supernovae if they explode. Light curves during the PPI stage and supernovae are investigated and are implicated in luminous supernovae. The luminosity created by the interaction of different PPI ejecta becomes $M_{\rm bol} \sim -16$ to $-20$. The interaction between the circumstellar shell ejected by PPI and the supernova ejecta can be more luminous. These luminous transients could be an origin of Type I superluminous supernovae and supernovae with precursor.


Lethally total-body-x-ray-irradiated (550 r) and simultaneously Tb- infected guinea pigs died earlier (1.5 to 3.2 days) than lethally irradiated control animals. A tuberculous focus formation could not be found microscopically or macroscopically in these guinea pigs or in sublethally irradiated and simultaneously infected animals. However, in tubcrculous control animals, which were killed at this time, specific foci could be found in liver, spleen, and lungs. Using sublethal irradiation (300 r) and simultaneous Tb inoculation half of the animals died a radiation death and the rest died of tuberculosis. It was found that 86.4% of the animals die a radiation death and 13.5% because of tuberculosis when irradiated sublethally 30 days after infection. The greatest tuberculosis foci in these animais appeared in lungs, spleen, and especially in the liver ( destroyed iiver''). Tuberculous giant cells of the Langhans-type were missing in case of irradiation and simultaneous tuberculosis. They appeared again about 20 to 30 days after irradiation. The native resistance to tuberculosis was very reduced in cases of simultaneous exposure; radioinduced cell shortage and cell damage permit tuberculous focus formation only after overcoming the acute radiation syndrome in case of sublethal irradiations. (auth)


Appropriate plant spacing and new superior rice varieties are essential factors in achieving high yields. This study aimed to evaluate rice varieties and jajar legowo planting systems that increase growth and yield during the dry season in East Nusa Tenggara. The research was arranged in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with two replications. The rice varieties (main plot) consisted of upland rice (Inpago 8 and Inpago 12) and lowland rice (Inpari 32 and Ciherang). The planting systems (sub-plot) consisted of a square system 20 cm × 20 cm, jajar legowo 2:1 (30 – 60) cm × 15 cm, jajar legowo 2:1 (25 – 50) cm × 12.5 cm, jajar legowo 2:1 (20 – 40) cm × 10 cm, and jajar legowo 4:1 (20 – 40) cm × 10 cm. The results indicated that Inpago 12 planted with the jajar legowo 2:1 (25 – 50) cm × 12.5 cm resulted in higher growth and yield than those planted with the square system. All tested varieties were not significantly different, while the planting systems were statistically different. The planting system of jajar legowo 2:1 (25 – 50) cm × 12.5 cm obtained higher growth and yield than other planting systems.


Computer generated 3D graphics applied in culture heritage documentation experienced dramatic evolution in last 20 years. We see today wide usage of renders, pictures but trend in visualizing is more in advanced techniques as animations and interactive real-time visualization. Extended possibilities of current computer programs are allowing us to bring extra direction emotions that support data's or events presentation across wide public. Stereoscopic presentation might be playing important role in future in presentations to wide public. Interactive simulations will be becoming important of category. Weather, Light, Sound simulation as well as e.g. natural disasters will be more and more frequently tested, verified and visualized via 3D data models. 1. ADVANCED COMPUTER GRAPHIC TECHNIGUES AND ALGORITMS Computer generated graphic is offering us wide offer of possibilities. Besides creating exact 3D models, we could create photorealistic effects while using advance techniques. 1.1 Global illumination and radiosity Global illumination algorithm is besides direct light using also reflected indirect lightning. This result to softer shades due to limited intensity based on number of reflections. This might to be visible e.g. in room corners, on relief structures in high detail or anywhere where low lightning occur. Due to limited light intensity lowered with number of reflections itself (e.g. rainy weather conditions) or combined with direct light and sharp shadows (sunny weather) create photorealistic display. Radiosity could be described as diffused color light emitation from illuminated object to objects in nearby. Result is colored and illuminated object from reflected indirect light. Figure 1: Example1: Direct lighting vs. Indirect Illumination (GI) Figure 2: Example2: Direct lighting + Indirect Illumination (GI), Radiosity 1.2 Reflections and refraction Reflection and refraction are key light effect describing materials in real life as well as in Computer generated graphics. Every single material is capable to reflect light. Reflection intensity is determined with surface capabilities, color – capability to reflect or absorb light. Reflection intensity is also well describing different materials. Shiny surfaces like mirror, polished surfaces, metals are highly reflecting while skin, rubber are more absorbing creating glossy effect. Refraction is related to transparent and translucent materials like e.g. glass and water. Figure 3: Example3: Reflections vs. Refractions 1.3 Ambient occlusion Ambient occlusion is a shading method which helps add realism to local reflection models by taking into account attenuation of light due to occlusion. Ambient occlusion attempts to approximate the way light radiates in real life, especially off what are normally considered nonreflective surfaces. Figure 4: Example4: Simple lighting vs. Ambient occlusion 1.4 Subsurface scattering Subsurface scattering is a mechanism of light transport in which light penetrates the surface of a translucent object, is scattered by interacting with the material, and exits the surface at a different point. The light will generally penetrate the surface and be reflected a number of times at irregular angles inside the material. Subsurface scattering is being seen on materials like marble, skin, and milk. Figure 5: Example5: Subsurface scattering 2. VISUALISATION IN CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMANTATION TODAY We see recently wide application of 3D computer generated graphic in Culture heritage documentation. Huge advantage is that due to progress on hardware side as well as development of software this tool became easily achievable for wide audience.


The subunit structure of cytochrome b2 prepared from the yeast Hansenula anomala has been studied and compared to known data concerning the homologous enzyme prepared from ordinary bakers' yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By high-speed equilibrium ultracentrifugation, the molecular weight has been determined as 236000 ± 10000, while subunits of 58000 ± 5000 are observed either in 6 M guanidine under reducing conditions or in 0.01 M phosphate. By electrophoresis in 6 M urea as well as in dodecylsulfate-mercaptoethanol, this subunit behaves as a single component. In crystalline enzyme preparations from bakers' yeast, the same unit is known to be made up of two chains of about 21000 and 36000 molecular weight. The hypothesis that an artificial proteolytic cleavage is responsible for the observed two-chain pattern with the Saccharomyces enzyme is proposed. Experimental evidence for this hypothesis is given in the following paper.


An analysis is made of the T-antenna with image in order to determine the distributions of current in both the horizontal top load and the vertical wire. Approximate formulas are derived in a simple form that involves only trigonometric functions and appropriate complex ccefficients. An expression is obtained for the driving point impedance. The investigation takes account of capacitive and inductive coupling between parts of the structure. (auth)


s Solar energy utilization has been drawn attention due to the environmental issues. Photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production, which is well-known solar-to-chemical process, have been studied so far, however it is now facing limitations of efficiency along with affordable cost. Recently, research trends in artificial photosynthesis are changing their redox reaction to produce value-added chemicals. Thanks to the previously studied solar water splitting technologies and materials, value-added chemicals production by solar energy is now evolving rapidly by taking advantages from the established works. Here, we introduce various kinds of redox reactions for producing value-added chemicals via photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic process. Throughout the article, solar-driven redox reactions such as CO2 reduction, H2O2 production are comprehensively discussed from the fundamentals to the applications. Consequently, future perspectives are suggested, which may help put forward future commercialization of photoelectrochemical or photocatalytic value-added chemical production technologies.


The methods for measuring the blood flow in the splanchnic and femoral vascular beds have been previously described (Karim, 1964). Acute cardiac sympathetic denervation was carried out in chloralosed cats with an open chest under positive artificial respiration either by the removal of the sympathetic chain from the stellate ganglia to the level of T 5, or by cutting the postganglionic cardiac sympathetic nerves. In some experiments the postganglionic cardiac sympathetic nerves on the right side were continuously stimulated with rectangular pulses of 0.5 msec duration at a frequency of 5-10 shocks/sec and at a strength of between 4 and 8 v. Cardiac output w as measured by the direct Fick method. The method has been previously described (Karim, 1965).


Our principal objective is to implement a conditional CAPM that, in addition to the global market risk, specifies the level of market integration, evaluates exchange rate risk, and accounts for local market risk. To investigate the potential for portfolio diversification for foreign investors in this region by examining the impact of financial crises on the evolution of national markets in the MENA region's financial integration with the global market as well as with the three selected developed markets, namely France, Great Britain, and the United State. In order to test a conditional version of De Santis and Gerard's ICAPM by admitting a specification of a multivariate GARCH process, this line of research has used a particular methodology (MGARCH).


The syenitic Murdock Creek intrusion, of late Archean age, lies within one of the major lode gold camps of the world, at Kirkland Lake, Ontario. There is a strong spatial association between syenitic intrusions, gold mineralization, and carbonatization. Hydrothermal fluids that carried the gold had an unusually high oxygen fugacity ($$f_{o_{2}}$$). Notwithstanding a wide range in rock compositions within the intrusion (from clino-pyroxenite to alkali-feldspar syenite), clinopyroxene and biotite have consistently low Fe/(Fe + Mg) and high $$Fe^{3+}/(Fe^{2+} + Fe^{3+})$$ ratios. These compositional features indicate a deficiency of $$Fe^{2+}$$ in the magma during crystallization. Together with the presence of abundant, early-formed magnetite and titanite, this is interpreted to result from an intrinsically high magmatic $$f_{o_{2}}$$ that remained constant during pluton evolution ($$f_{o_{2}} \approx 10^{-12} bars$$). Mineral compositions, proportions of crystallizing mineral phases, and textural features indicate that the pluton formed from a single pulse of already-evolved syenitic magma that fractionally crystallized in situ under low water pressure at mid-crustal depths. The intrinsically oxidized nature of the pluton implies an oxidized source region such as metasomatized upper mantle where partial melting occurred. $$CO_{2}$$-rich fluid or melt was the likely agent for metasomatism. Dissolution and transport of gold is favored by high $$f_{o_{2}}$$ in the fluid phase. The high $$f_{o_{2}}$$ of the syenitic magma suggests a common genetic link between magma generation, $$CO_{2}$$ represented by "carbonatization, and gold-bearing fluids.


Abstract A facile synthesis of novel dispiroheterocycles has been developed through one-pot [3+2] cycloaddition between isatins, amino acids, and aurones. Thirty different dispiroheterocycles were synthesized eusing this method which features mild conditions, convenient operation, and high efficacy. Evaluation of the bioactivity of these dispiroheterocyclic products revealed antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).


Using the principles and methods of performance technology,the electronic performance support system of a "FLASH Courseware Making" course was developed,the system is make up of learning database,skills training system,learning support tools,learning monitoring system,expert guidance system and learning help system,and nine functional modules of navigation,assistance,training,case base,problem solving,the exchange of feedback,material,cognitive modeling and performance testing were designed,which have important application value in educational technology training for higher vocational school teachers.


Ferroelectric SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on a Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si(100) structure. The deposition temperature of the film was varied from RT (room temperature) to 600C. It was found that the SBT films were crystallized at temperatures between 500C and 600C, which was much lower than the annealing temperature (700C to 800C) of the RT-deposited film. The maximum remnant polarization value (2Pr) of the SBT film was 15 w C/cm 2 , which was deposited at 575C.


A novel, flexible and scalable parallel LDPC decoding approach for the WiMAX wireless broadband standard (IEEE 802.16e) in the multicore Cell broadband engine architecture is proposed. A multicodeword LDPC decoder performing the simultaneous decoding of 96 codewords is presented. The coded data rate achieved a range of 72–80 Mbit/s, which compares well with VLSI-based decoders and is superior to the maximum coded data rate required by the WiMAX standard performing in worst case conditions. The 8-bit precision arithmetic adopted shows additional advantages over traditional 6-bit precision dedicated VLSI-based solutions, allowing better error floors and BER performance.


This paper proposes a method of adaptive kernel density estimation (KDE) for motion detection. The method selects an adaptive threshold by analyzing probability histogram, which is suitable for different scenes and different moving objects. Then a mechanism of updating background using probability is also provided. It can get relative good background and is useful for motion detection. Moreover it can solve deadlock situations in updating background model. Some improvements are proposed to reduce computational cost for real-time applications. Experiments show the method is effective and efficient.


The scavenging rates on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH·)radical and total antioxidative activities of almond-apricot vinegar,apple vinegar and persimmon vinegar were studied by spectrophotometry.The results showed that the DPPH·scavenging rate of almond-apricot vinegar was 92.98%(DPPH·ethanol solution 2×10-4mol/L,vinegar 50μl),which was higher than that of other two vinegars.The total antioxidative activity of almond-apricot vinegar reached 140.97 mg/ml in vitro,which was also higher than that of persimmon vinegar or apple vinegar.


This study develops a theory of the emergence of the most valuable ideas in social structures. It does so by developing and analyzing a computational agent-based model that simultaneously tracks interactions of actors constrained by social structure, the idea development trajectories produced by those interactions, and the performance of the resultant ideas. Our theory establishes two distinct stages of idea development (1) "outside the last mile," where ideas require significant novelty to develop into the most valuable idea and (2) "within the last mile," where only incremental advancement is needed. It articulates how these stages interact with the processes responsible for exploring potential idea feature combinations (idea space infiltration), and the processes responsible for spreading ideas among actors (social infiltration), to produce the most valuable ideas in networked groups. Outside the last mile, idea space infiltration drives the likelihood of success, making the recombination of ideas the most potent action in producing the best idea. Inside the last mile, success is determined largely by social infiltration; recombinations can be counterproductive, whereas people searching independently for improvements and transferring existing ideas between network communities become most important for the emergence of the most valuable ideas.


This essay describes the journey of a student music therapist working with David, an adult with a learning disability and mental health problems. Through thinking about this work I present an overview of changes in my approach and understanding of learning disability. This is followed by a discussion about mental health, the complexity of diagnosis, and the prevalence of mental ill-health in people with learning disabilities. I consider Sinason's theory of Secondary handicap and link this with (omit Carol) Robbins and Robbin's notion of 'the condition child', and via the clinical work with David I think about how music therapy might help reveal a 'music child'.


Abstract We report a metal–organic framework (MOF) with a rare two‐dimensional (2D) secondary building unit (SBU). The SBU comprises mixed‐valent Fe2+ and Fe3+ metal ions bridged by oxygen atoms pertaining to the polytopic ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexahydroxybiphenyl, which also define the iron‐oxide 2D layers. Overall, the anionic framework exhibits rare topology and evidences strong electronic communication between the mixed‐valence iron sites. These results highlight the importance of dimensionality control of MOF SBUs for discovering new topologies in reticular chemistry, and especially for improving electronic communication within the MOF skeleton.


In this note, the dynamical behaviors of Euler's discretization of the equivalent control based sliding-mode control (SMC) systems are studied. We show that if the discretized SMC system is asymptotically stable, then every trajectory converges to a period-2 cycle. Bounds for the steady states are derived, which allow one to estimate the maximum chattering amplitude for a given value of the time step. The analysis and results are verified with several computer simulations.


PURPOSE: A digital questionnaire generation device and a method are provided to generate life log information reflecting a life habit of an examinee by using sensor information collected in a portable device of the examinee. CONSTITUTION: An information collection unit(131) collects biometric information for an examinee from a human body sensor. The information collection unit collects movement information or location information for the examinee from a movement sensor. An information analysis unit(132) generates health state information. An information conversion unit(133) generates life log information. An information display unit(135) displays a digital questionnaire. [Reference numerals] (131) Information collection unit; (132) Information analysis unit; (133) Information conversion unit; (134) Information link unit; (135) Information display unit


Flaxseed oil from 35 different flax varieties was extracted with anhydrous aether. The extracted flaxseed oil was then saponified and esterfied. The composition of fatty acids in flaxseed oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The average content of fatty acids from high to low ranked as linolenic( 41. 62%),oleic acid( 25. 87%),linoleic( 17. 18%),stearic acid( 6. 59%),and palmitic acid( 6. 46%). The total content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to 85%.


112 ❚ September 2013 | prime-journal.com C ryolipolysis has been evaluated in animal studies, and it has been shown that increased duration of cold or more extreme cold results in more fat destruction. This fat destruction occurs gradually over 3 months. To minimise adverse side-effects it is necessary to limit the cold severity and duration. It is general protocol to wait 2 months to retreat an area for further fat destruction, as it requires this much time for most of the damaged adipocytes to absorb. It has been shown that there is more fat destruction if, immediately after cryolipolysis, the area is vigorously massaged. Massage capabilities in different offices vary considerably and there have not been any studies on repeated massages to the treatment areas. For this reason, the authors attempted to standardise shockwave treatment to the treated areas for 3 minutes immediately Cryolipolysis and aCoustiC Wave therapy


In this paper, we examine the ways in which two large financial institutions were exposed to large legal expenses and potential litigation losses because of their failure to obtain court approval before taking action in the Lehman chapter 11 case.


Counselling unit plays a vital role at school as they deal with students' problem and finding solutions to that. In most cases, students are not aware of their actual strength(s) which led to unsatisfied performance in academic and uncertainty in choosing the right courses which later affect their career. The aim of this research is to identify the evaluation criteria for Malaysian school students' context in order to discover students' major strengths, which in turn will help counsellors to consult students in terms of academic achievement and suggest suitable courses for them based on the intelligence test. The interview was conducted with several number of counsellors and the multiple intelligence theory was used to generate set of automated intelligence test based on the evaluation criteria. A series of evaluation were conducted to test its usability and quality requirements.


Relevance. An active study of ischemic mitral regurgitation and a modern aggressive approach to its surgical treatment in combination with continuous improvement of plastic valve-retaining methods make the surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation the most promising, however, the choice of optimal surgical tactics for this pathology continues to be discussed. Objective. The clinical case of combined surgical treatment of severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (plication of the anterolateral commissure by pulling the prolapsing segment of AML (А1), suturing and reimplantation of the ruptured marginal chordae and annuloplasty with the rigid complete annuloplasty ring), formed on the background of progressive ischemic heart disease after myocardial infarction, in combination with CABG (autovenous coronary artery bypass grafting of right coronary artery, posterolateral branch and obtuse marginal branch and mammary coronary artery bypass grafting of diagonal branch). Conclusion. The presence of a «classic» dilatation of the fibrous ring of the mitral valve and an ischemic damage of the leaflets and subvalvular structures (tearing of the chords with impaired coaptation of the leaflets, malfunctioning of the papillary muscles) requires plastic correction of these defects in addition to «classic» annuloplasty of the fibrous ring of the mitral valve, which results to the absence of residual and recurrent mitral regurgitation in the immediate postoperative period.


Highly transparent ytterbium doped lutctium oxide (Yb:Lu2O3) transparent ceramics with different Yb doping concentrations (0.5–10 at% Yb) were fabricated from commercial powders by vacuum sintering combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method. The effects of Yb3+ doping concentrations on the microstructure, optical performance and the thermal conductivity of Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were investigated. The grain size of Yb:Lu2O3 ceramics first decreased with Yb doping concentration increasing and then kept nearly unchanged at high Yb doping concentrations. Under 1750°C HIP sintering for 2h, The in-line transmittance of the 5 at.% Yb:Lu2O3 ceramics (3 mm thick) exceeds 81.52% at 1100 nm. And it had the average grain size about 2μm. As the doping concentrations increase, the overall thermal conductivity decreases slightly. The fluorescence emission spectrum implied high possibility of realizing laser output at 1080 nm by pumping at 980 nm.


Descriptions of intonation patterns of questions in Czech have so far been impression-based or fragmentary. Our study explores the phonological typology of polarity question melodies proposed in literature and provides quantitative data for the modelling of individual patterns. Although polarity questions are usually found to be more frequent than other interrogative types, their immense variation in form and function still needs to be captured. We use material from a corpus of acted minidialogues produced by 34 Czech speakers. K-means clustering together with auditory analysis and visual inspection of F0 tracks offered an insight into both categorial and continuous variation. Emerging patterns have been specified in terms of their F0 parameters and frequency of occurrence. Although the overall variation in the data is substantial, we suppose that most of it is not random. We expect our results to serve in perception test design, in which various components of meanings other than plain request for information could be tested.


Abstract Nanomaterials comprise extraordinary physicochemical and biological properties for therapeutic applications including three-dimensional porous structures as scaffolds for tissue engineering and as controlled release drug/gen delivery vehicles due to their small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with cells/tissues. Carbon-based nanostructures such as graphene, carbon nanotube, and nanodiamond have attracted both academic and industrial interest because they improve the chemical, mechanical, and biological properties to cellular adhesion tendency of different natural and synthetic polymers in bioapplication. This review covers the fabrication technique of carbon nanostructures and the development of carbon-based nanostructured polymer composites for application in drug/gen delivery and tissue engineering. Graphical Abstract


Institutional grassroots lobbying campaigns – attempts by corporations, industry groups, public interest groups, and government agencies to mobilize the public as a strategic force in efforts to shape legislative activity – became prevalent in the U.S. in the closing decades of the twentieth century. The growth and widespread encouragement and subsidization of citizen activism by large institutions suggests that dramatic changes have taken place in U.S. civil society, as citizens participate less in politics and in their communities, despite growth in the field of voluntary associations. In examining the rise of these campaigns, I build upon two literatures in the social sciences: (1) civic engagement and the changing means by which individuals participate in community and political life, and (2) the privatization of the modern public sphere. Using a unique data source on the private firms that provide grassroots political marketing services to institutional clients, this dissertation examines the rise of institutional campaigns to lobby the public and considers how institutional clients vary in their employment of such techniques. I find that declining participation in politics, an expanding field of advocacy associations, and increasing business advocacy have combined to spur the growth of institutional grassroots lobbying. For the corporations that use grassroots lobbying techniques, I find that the employment of grassroots lobbying is best understood as an expansion of their existing repertoire of lobbying techniques; industry groups, on the other hand, engage in grassroots campaigns mainly to mobilize the businesses and corporate leaders that comprise their organization. Public interest groups, by contrast, tend to hire lobbying firms very rarely, and those that do tend to be well-resourced and/or have an extensive member base. I conclude by considering how institutional grassroots lobbying campaigns are helping to privatize political influence not only in the sense that they assist private interests to express themselves in the public sphere, but in that the forms of civic participation that follow from such institutional campaigns are largely private and individualistic in how they mobilize participation. The results call attention to the necessary role of engagement in face-to-face tertiary associations in democratic life.


Pandemic era bring new paradigm in teaching learning process. The lecturers must work hard to create new model, new strategies, and new ways in transmitting their information to the students. This study appears blending technology with post method pedagogy, where the learning process focuses on students need. There are three principles of post method pedagogy, they are particularity, practically, possibility. The lecturers blend conventional interaction with learning based technology. It blends based on students' need and the target of the material itself. Post method pedagogy gives us challenges to create approptiate method for our class. Lecturers should help the students to success the learning process. The lecturers can used post method pedagogy in main part. In appling three parameters; particularly, possibility and practicallity based on students need.


The clinical picture was compared in patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis in order to evaluate the most important differentiating features of these syndromes.The most remarkable differences seem to be the spinal and sacroiliacal involvement, dactylitis, involvement of the distal joints of the fingers and toes as well as of the central joints of the body in the latter. These signs can be taken into account in differentiating between these seronegative arthritis syndromes.


Date & Time: Saturday, October 5th, 2013 9am 4pm Location: Deutsches Haus, 1023 N. Ridgewood Dr., Metairie, LA 70001 (504) 522-8014 See next sheet for suggested Hotels Pre-Table Set Up time: Put glass under tables only Friday, October 4 4pm 7pm Full Table Set Up time: Saturday, October 5th, 6am 9am Doors open to public: From 9am till 4pm Early admission before 9am for Non-Table-Purchasers is $30. Table Description & Charges: Tables are 30" x 72" and 2 chairs, table plaques, name tags and table covers provided with each table purchase. Table cost is $35.00 each – additional tables are $20. Make checks payable to: New Orleans Antique Bottle Club or NOABC Sales Items: Any collectible glass / bottles as well as small antiques, advertizing, or related glass go-withs. Repaired, damaged, and new/reproduction items must be labeled. Shared tables have to be identified ahead of time.


Floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) systems involve several coupled physical analysis disciplines, including aeroelasticity, multi-body structural dynamics, hydrodynamics, and controls. Conventionally, physical structure (plant) and control design decisions are treated as two separate problems, and generally, control design is performed after the plant design is complete. However, this sequential design approach cannot fully capitalize upon the synergy between plant and control design decisions. These conventional design practices produce suboptimal designs, especially in cases with strong coupling between plant and control design decisions. Control co-design (CCD) is a holistic design approach that accounts fully for plant-control design coupling by optimizing these decisions simultaneously. CCD is especially advantageous for system design problems with complex interactions between physics disciplines, which is the case for FOWT systems. This paper presents and demonstrates a nested CCD approach using open-loop optimal control (OLOC) for a simplified reduced-order model that simulates FOWT dynamic behavior. This simplified model is helpful for optimization studies due to its computational efficiency, but is still sufficiently rich enough to capture important multidisciplinary physics couplings and plant-control design coupling associated with a horizontal-axis FOWT system with a spar buoy floating platform. The CCD result shows an improvement in the objective function, annual energy production (AEP), compared to the baseline design by more than eleven percent. Optimization studies at this fidelity level can provide system design engineers with insights into design directions that leverage design coupling to improve performance. These studies also provide a template for future more detailed turbine CCD optimization studies that utilize higher fidelity models and design representations.


ABSTRACT Internet resources used in one-hour drop-in sessions on "Internet Resources in Agriculture and Life Sciences Using the World Wide Web" at Steenbock Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, are described. Covers subject arranged sites and guides, article indexes, and specialty sources such as NetVet.


Abstract In this research, we propose secondary voltage envelop model for series-series (SS) type wireless power transfer circuit using magnetic resonance coupling. First, the state equation and the transfer function of the T-type equivalent circuit are derived. The relation between coils and load parameters and dominant pole is discussed. Next, secondary voltage envelop transfer function model is derived from time response. The proposed model is verified by simulation and experiment. As an example of application, feedback controller is designed using the proposed model and experimental results are shown.


We report a case of Cushing's syndrome (CS) in pregnancy. CS occurs due to abnormal exposure to excess glucocorticoids for a prolonged duration which leads to significant consequences if not treated. Fortunately, it is rare in pregnancy because of the menstrual disturbances and infertility with which it is associated. Its rarity leads to a low degree of clinical suspicion, often delaying diagnosis more or less completely. When it does occur, a high rate of miscarriage or preterm delivery and even sudden intrauterine death may be expected. Maternal morbidity includes hypertension, preeclampsia, wound breakdown, diabetes, fracture and opportunistic infections.


Abstract One hundred one individuals of Protothaca staminea were live-collected from Argyle Lagoon (sand/mud substrate) and Argyle Creek (gravel/sand substrate), San Juan Island, Washington and examined for trace-producing parasite infestation. Eighty-six percent of individuals contained at least one parasite-induced trace. Trematode-induced pits and blisters were identified on 62% of individual clams. Spionid-induced mudblisters and u-shaped borings were identified on 50% and 29% of individuals, respectively. Trematode and spionid parasites were not selective between the left and right valve when infesting the host. Epifaunal clams from Argyle Creek were significantly smaller than their infaunal counterparts from Argyle Lagoon. This size discrepancy between environments may be related to the reduction of growth rates triggered by environmental stress or parasitism, increased susceptibility to durophagous predators, differences in hydrodynamics, or the comparison of different cohorts. Spionid mudblister-infested clams from Argyle Creek are significantly smaller than noninfested clams from the same environment. This suggests that substrate-induced epifaunality and parasite-induced shell weakening reduced the bivalves' defenses against durophagous predators. These results suggest that parasites may negatively affect the survival of infested bivalves. The frequent occurrence of trematode and spionid trace-producing parasites in modern bivalve populations suggests that these traces are common in the fossil record, making the systems amenable to study in deep time.


Current Issues in Second/Foreign Language Teaching and Teacher Development: Research and Practice represents a collection of selected papers from the 17th World Congress of the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA), which was held in August 2014 in Brisbane, Australia. The volume comprises 18 chapters presenting current research projects and discussing issues related to second language acquisition, teaching and teacher education in a variety of contexts from around the world. This collection of research papers will be of use to both new and seasoned researchers in the field of applied linguistics. Teacher educators, language teachers and language policy makers will find this volume equally useful as the papers address current issues in language education.


Article deals with problems of development of the judicial system in Russia. The author shows the advantages of dealing with disputes in arbitration as compared to other methods of proceedings. Found to be attractive aspects of the arbitral proceedings, as the fact that the parties can choose a panel of the Federal Arbitration Court, and direct the arbitrator, the decision of the Federal Arbitration Court is final and not appealable, the timing of Disputes minimal. The author also notes that the arbitration is confidential, the decisions of the arbitral tribunal guaranteed by law and arbitration procedure is very economical.


Recent years have seen many developing countries taking initiatives aimed at promoting decentralized planning through the application of computer-based information systems. However, with all these experiments, the major objective of improving the effectiveness of development planning remains unfulfilled. This has been due in part to the lack of adequate infrastructure and resources to operate the machines - an issue which has been widely discussed in the literature. In addition, the problem stems from inadequate attention paid to the process of managing organisational change through computerisation. However, there exists a chronic paucity of literature which aims to improve understanding of this process. To rectify this, we present a case study of the application of computers for development planning in India. We identify seven major barriers which have hampered the process of organisational change through computerisation. This leads to a discussion of issues relevant to the management of change through computerization and leads to some guidelines for more effective deployment of technology for development planning.


Percutaneous nephrostomy has become an increasingly acceptable therapeutic alternative, both for high-risk patients and for patients in whom the technique offers delay on avoidance of major surgery. Lack of major morbidity or mortality, palliation of symptoms, and reduced convalescent period are major advantages [i -3]. However, the procedure is not without its risks. We report a case of traumatic renal artery pseudoaneurysm following percutaneous nephrostomy with delayed rupture into the collecting system. This case also exhibits many of the therapeutic options now available to the interventional radiologist.


OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the promotion of innovative drug RD in pharmaceutical industry in China.METHODS:Based on the status quo of innovative drug RD in China,the problems of innovative drug RD were analyzed.RESULTSCONCLUSION:The problems of innovative drug RD are inadequate fund,RD subject misplacement,insufficient intellectual property protection,behindhand mechanism,etc.It is suggested to expand input,promote enterprise to be RD subject,perfect intellectual property protection,optimize related mechanism.The crossover from raw material drug and global generic-drugs great power to innovative drug great power could be realized by adjusting pharmaceutical industrial structure,standardizing industry norms,perfecting operation mechanism.


The prim objective of commenced article is to determine q-sumudu transforms of a product of unified family of q-polynomials with basic (or q-) analogue of fox's H-function and q-analog of I-functions. Specialized cases of the leading outcome are further evaluated as q-sumudu transform of general class of q-polynomials and q-sumudu transforms of the basic analogues of Fox's H-function and I-functions.


Systemic administration of intact, bacterially-derived mini-cells may be achieved by endothelial endocytosis / transcytosis across the blood brain barrier, or other mechanisms by which nanoparticles may be introduced into the microenvironment, , Resulting in rapid accumulation of mini-cells in the microenvironment of brain tumors at therapeutically significant concentrations. Thus, a very wide variety of brain tumors, both primary and metastatic, can be treated with a plurality of such mini-cells, each mini-cell being a carrier for an activator for the tumor, such as a radionuclide, a functional nucleic acid or a plasmid encoding it, Can be treated by systemically administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition consisting of mini-cells.


Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of Bao-fu-kang-shuan in the treatment of cervical erosion after microwave therapy. Methods: From February 2006 to August 2008 in our hospital, 146 patients with cervical erosion patients were randomly divided into treatment group (73 cases) and control group (73 cases). Both groups treated by mi-crowave. After microwave, control group were given conventional treatment. The treatment group were given Bao-fu-kang-shuan based on the routine treatment, observed the curative effect, cure time and side effects. Results: The total effective rate was 90.41% in control group and 98.63% in treatment group with significant difference( P0.05); the cure time was (6.50±1.45) weeks in control group and (4.90±1.01) weeks in treatment group with significant differences(P0.05); the side effects and complications of the treatment group were lower than the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: Bao-fu-kang-shuan used in cervical erosion after microwave therapy, can improve the treatment efficiency, shorten cure time, reduce side effects and complications, it is worth popularizing.


Using the East China Sea Tropical Cyclone (TC) Forecasting Model developed by Shanghai Typhoon Institute, in connection with a variational assimilation of initial temperature and relative humidity fields basing on meteorological satellite brightness temperatures, the TC track is addressed. The result shows that the assimilation of the 400~925 hPa temperature, and temperature-relative humidity initial fields has improved the TC track prediction in some degree which is of much operational importance.


We present a granular approach to discover new and interesting learning behavior patterns of students learning with an intelligent tutoring system. An n-gram analysis is used to model the learning behavior from learning action streams. The regular and irregular learning behavior patterns are obtained from the n-gram analysis model. Then, the n-gram models are clustered into a hierarchy. The hierarchical pattern can be used to improve the domain knowledge of an ITS in predicting student's actions, sequencing problems to be solved, and adjusting hint mechanisms. Our approach is domain independent and able to manage learning behavior uncertainties.


We have developed a light triggered thyristor with the blocking voltage of 8 kV and the average current of 3.6 kA by using a 6 inch FZ Si wafer and adopting new design techniques. The new multidynamic gate structure achieved a high di/dt capability at the rating voltage. The new arrangement of pilot thyristors made the dv/dt capability high. Additionally, optimizing the new local lifetime control technology by proton irradiation improved the trade-off relationship between the on-state voltage and the reverse-recovered charge.


The physiognomy,species composition and the structure of communities in the restoration process in Tudiling of Mao County on upper reach of Minjiang River were studied.The results showed that the physiognomy,after afforestation,was characterized by phanerophytes with microphylls,simple,unentire,herbaceous leaves,which represented some features of temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest matched with the early successional stage.There were obvious differences in species composition of four communities,and the richness was the highest under closed afforestation and the lowest under disturbance.The vertical structure was more complicated,Rubus setchuenensis dominated in shrub layer of all four communities in the restorational processes of vegetation.The low species richness and evenness,and restricted progressive succession were mainly determined by grazing.The coverage of upper layer had a significant effect on the lower layer.The unpalatable grasses quickly predominated in herb was also caused by grazing.The DBH structure indicated a trend that Pinus armandii forest would be replaced by Picea spp.The closed afforestation adding some species of climax was the more suitable type of restoration here.


The War Game, a military Reserve exercise, was examined by participant observation and informal interviews in order to illustrate the effect of an organization's scripting of emotion upon its members and to demonstrate the facility of dramaturgical analysis to incorporate micro-interactional and macro-organizational factors in the study of emotion. The findings are summarized as suggesting a dramaturgical/mesostc~ral view of emotional expression in organizational settings. The frame includes organizational scripting (macro), specifics of the immediate situation (meso), interactions among the actors (micro), and actors' resultant formulations for emotional expression.


This is a compilation of a preliminary series of mechanical tests performed on specimens extracted from 0.2 in. (5 mm) thick plates of annealed alloy AMg6 and its nearest US equivalent, 5456-0 at room temperature. Included are in-plane tensile data on strain rate sensitivity, quasistatic notched behavior and post-shock properties, and one attempt at spall suppression by back-surface hole drilling.


Private placements of straight nonbank debt by publicly traded firms elicit a positive stock price reaction on average, consistent with a market perception that they confer significant certification and monitoring benefits on borrowers. However, long-run stock returns following the debt issues are significantly lower than benchmarks. Our results are consistent with the view that firms issue private debt prior to a decline in operating performance, and they disclose overly optimistic information in the pre-issue period which prevents information on the upcoming downturn from reaching the market in a timely manner. Lenders have private information on the post-issue performance decline prior to their lending decision, and take steps to protect their investment which do not benefit equity investors. Our results are inconsistent with certification and monitoring benefits accruing to equity investors from private nonbank debt. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Recent studies have shown the feasibility and safety of the percutaneous approach for the treatment of vertebrobasilar disease using either balloon angioplasty alone, coronary stents, or combined angioplasty followed by stenting. The major concern in performing percutaneous procedures for the treatment of obstructive disease of the vertebrobasilar circulation involves the risk of embolic phenomena. We describe the successful treatment of a symptomatic patient with bilateral vertebrobasilar disease utilizing a distal protection filter during stenting with simultaneous use of transcranial Doppler to measure microembolization and vertebral artery blood flow during the procedure. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;61:12–15. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


With increasing of the runtime of rotary machine, rotor parts have inevitable mass eccentricity, which obviously strengthens the coupling function of torsional and bending vibration of the shaft system. On the basis of the established coupling formula, dynamic response of the shaft was investigated using the Difference method and Newmark integral one. And then using FFT, STFT, wavelet method, the flexural oscillation characteristics of a 300 MW turbo generator, simulated with multi-supporting distributed mass model, were analyzed on the two typical operating conditions of the harmonic attenuation urge and the asynchronous juxtaposition urge with different eccentricity functions and ratio of bending and torsion. The results can be reference to the qualitative analysis and quantitative study to the bending character of a complex shaft system coupling vibration of the rotary machine. Figs 24 and refs 7.


Uncommonly a stress, march, or fatigue fracture of metatarsal bones may follow operations for bunion with hallux valgus or hallux rigidus. The second metatarsal is affected most frequently. This complication was reported in ten cases in one series. One of these developed one year after a Mayo bunionectomy. Cleveland and Winant reviewed the results of 193 Keller bunionectomies, and in that series there were two metatarsal march fractures. Michetti reported a second-metatarsal stress fracture which occurred six months after a McBride bunionectomy that had resulted in hallux varus of 13 degrees. We believe that an alteration in weight-bearing following hahlux valgus operations is the cause of these fractunes, although resumption of walking after a period of disuse may also be a factor. The Keller operation includes subperiosteal resection of approximately thirteen milhimeters of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. This releases the insertions of the flexor hallucis brevis and the adductor and abductor hallucis tendons, and both the medial and lateral sesamoid bones can then move proximally. More weight is shifted to the middle three metatarsal heads, particularly in a foot with a short first metatarsal or a relatively long second metatarsal. Possibly, impaired use of the big toe in flexion during the take-off phase of walking may throw more of a rocking stress on the metatarsal heads. Two cases have been reported in which resection of the second metatarsal head in addition to a Keller bunionectomy was followed by a stress fracture of the third metatarsal 1,2 This complication may also be explained by increased stress on the third metatarsal after removal of the second metatarsal head. We saw a similar metatarsal stress fracture following osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal to correct metatarsus primus varus. In this situation, the distal part of the metatarsal may move dorsally, thus shifting weight to the middle metatarsals. The stress fractures usually develop after several months, and the proper diagnosis may be difficult to make early. Typically there is pain followed by swelling over the involved metatarsal bone. The initial roentgenograms may not reveal the fracture, and two or three weeks may elapse before slight subpeniosteal new-bone formation and a lucent line are demonstrated. The fractures usually occur