Epitaxial back surface field structures were formed by depositing a 10 micron thick 10 ohm-cm epitaxial silicon layer onto substrates with resistivities of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 ohm-cm. A correlation between cell open-circuit voltage and substrate resistivity was observed and was compared to theory. The cells were also irradiated with 1-MeV electrons to a fluence of 5 times 10 to the 15th electrons per sq cm. The decrease of cell open-circuit voltage was in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and the measured short-circuit currents were within 2% of the prediction. Calculations are presented for optimum cell performance as functions of epitaxial layer thickness, radiation fluence, and substrate diffusion length.


Hierarchical phrase-based (HPB) models have shown strong capability in generalization and reordering. However, they are heavily dependent on continuous phrases and are difficult for modeling natural linguistic discontinuities directly. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for integrating discontinuous phrases into the Chinese-to-English HPB system. We focus on the extraction method of discontinuous phrases which retrieves various linguistic information missed in the HPB model, such as set phrases and long-distance reordering of adverbials, etc. After being transformed into the similar form to HPB rules, the translation rules with discontinuities can be seamlessly integrated into the CKY decoder. Experimental results show that the proposed approach for incorporating the linguistic discontinuities achieves statistically significant improvements over the traditional HPB system.


With the extensive application of computers in all Industry and life,application software,therefore the demand for software talent shows rising trend.As an important place for software talents training,how to train a qualified social needs of applied software talents has become a problem needed to solve for all universities.Based on the analysis of domestic software talents training model and the objectives of software talents,the paper discusses the guiding ideology of software talents training.


Design and research practitioners have applied probes in their design processes to find new ways of understanding user experience, allowing them to obtain a better understanding of their users and to inspire their designs. Usually in design practice and research, project leaders and managers expect an ultimate solution emerging as a result of probing. However, in most cases such a direct connection is not evident as probes inform and influence the design process in many different ways. We provide illustrative examples of these ways based on a study related to bathroom use for a lighting system. We present a generalization of our findings on how probes can help inform other design processes.


Future accelerators will employ advanced beam conditioning systems such as emittance exchangers to manipulate high brightness beams. Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the dipoles could limit the performance of the emittance exchanger. In this paper, we report the experimental studies on measuring CSR and its effects on the beam at the A0 photoinjector in the emittance exchange line. After reporting the CSR power measurements, we report on the diagnostic scheme based on a weak skew quad in the emittance exchange line to study the CSR effects on the beam and other beam dynamics.


In this paper, we present in-progress work on "Influent", a graph analysis tool that enables an intelligence analyst to visually and interactively "follow the money" or other transaction flow. Summary visualizations of transactional patterns and entity characteristics, a left-to-right semantic flow layout, interactive link expansion and hierarchical entity clustering enable Influent to operate effectively at scale with millions of entities and hundreds of millions of transactions, with larger data sets in progress.


In this paper, the existence and statistical properties of the first-order (Bragg) fluctuations in high-frequency (HF) radar Doppler spectra due to ocean wave random phase are investigated. Here, a pulsed radar waveform is used and the ocean surface is assumed to first order to be a time-varying random rough surface representable as a zero-mean, Gaussian process. Theoretical analysis for the source of the Bragg fluctuations begins with the radar backscattered electric fields in the time domain. The statistical properties of the Bragg fluctuations are investigated through simulation for various radar operating frequencies and pulse widths. The magnitude and significance of the Bragg fluctuations are discussed in terms of the operating parameters. The results can be used in setting minimum error bounds for HF radar ocean surface current measurement.


Dr Richard Hughes: Actinomycosis of the larynx is an unusual and infrequently encountered disease which may be difficult to diagnose and treat. This is such a case. The patient is a retired 66-year-old cab driver. Five days prior to admission, he developed a sore throat that progressed to severe dysphagia. On the morning of admission he could no longer swal low his saliva. He had had recent weight loss of 3.6 kg and reported surgical drainage of a rectal abscess and an axillary abscess 6 months and 12 months prior to admission, respectively. Diabetes mellitus, diag nosed 18 months prior to admission, was well con trolled with a 1,500-calorie diet and 250 mg of chlorpropamide daily. The patient was allergic to penicillin and took no other medications. He smoked two packages of cigarettes and drank six to 12 beers per day.


Cement-based material rheological property evolution during the cement hydration dormant period depends on coupled temperature and time effect. To facilitate construction there has been increasing use of highly flowable concrete. To account for workability changes at different temperatures during transportation and placement, there should be optimization of such concrete. A methodology is presented by the authors which combines time and temperature influence on cement-based material rheologicial property variations. The expression of such variation is done as a function of calorimetric measurement-deduced relative time scale. There was preparation of four micromortars at temperatures of 10 to 30 degrees Celsius (50 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit) and testing for evolution of rheological property determination over the cement hydration dormant period. Variation in linear fashion of apparent plastic viscosity and yield stress is shown with the relative time scale combining time and temperature during the tested micromortar dormant periods.


The description of extensions of generalised quadrangles GQ(sy t) with flag-transitive group of automorphisms is known. For s = 3, in a series of researches a description of extensions was given, with no assumptions on the action of the group of automorphisms. While investigating extensions of G (4,2), the former author has given the structure of hyperovals of G (4,2) and proved that there exist no totally regular locally GQ(4,2) graphs with μ = 10. In the present paper, we conclude the classification of totally regular locally G (4,2)-graphs. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 99-01-00462.


Scripting Languages are often used in order to assist the user in repetitious tasks or when smaller program logics shall be expressed. Normally a scripting language is easier to learn than a programming language so that a wide range of professional developers and end users can use the language for its specific tasks. This paper introduces a specific, small scripting language supporting the deployment of programs as well as the test of distributed control systems. In contrast to existing scripting languages, the language comprises only the required set of instructions and is not too complex and therefore easy to maintain.


Covid-19 disease created a havoc since 2019, affected large number of number of people over worldwide. As the second wave is receding, we will be receiving patients with the long-term effects of Covid-19 for the surgeries either for their primary disease or for the complications arising from the Covid-19. Primarily, the Covid-19 is a disease affecting the pulmonary and cardiac system, many other systems including renal, hematology, central nervous, endocrine etc. also damaged with the same. Various endocrine glands are being involved in Covid-19 disease like pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, adrenals, reproductive system etc. as they are highly expressed with ACE. This may even lead to the permanent damage. Because of the unfamiliarity with the disease, plausible impact on the endocrine functions is still unclear. This article elaborates various endocrine manifestations of SARS Cov and SARS Cov-2 for better understanding and management of Covid-19 recovered patients.


Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease, a chronic inflammatory condition that results in heart and digestive complications. The first draft of the parasite genome is now complete and it is expected that, along with the published genomic and proteomic analyses discussed herein, it will lead to the identification of crucial genes and proteins directly associated with disease. This article reviews the current research trends addressing host–parasite interaction, parasite genetic variability and diagnosis. These advances will certainly bring about major developments not only in our understanding of Trypanosoma cruzi biology, but also in the application of new technologies to disease prevention and control.


For Pt.I see ibid., vol.5, no.1 28. Calorimetric detection of absorbed radiation was used to measure spectra on gold and nickel films. Detector calorimeters were prepared from thin mica wafers bearing evaporated metal film thermocouples. Initial tests with microgram deposits of polystyrene on gold films indicate that absorptions of a few per cent are readily measured. Spectra were obtained for the nickel-carbon monoxide system comparable to data in the literature, confirming the suitability of the technique for measurements on adsorbed layers on metal films.


Samples of an aluminium‐zinc‐magnesium alloy, typical of high strength weldable aluminium alloys, have been heat treated to produce two different microstructural conditions, these being peak‐aged and under‐aged. Mechanical tests have been performed, both at quasi‐static strain rates and under shock loading conditions to determine how the mechanical properties change with heat treatment. Results indicate that the material has its highest strength when peak aged. Properties are discussed in relation to observed features within the microstructure, as recorded by optical and scanning electron microscopy.


With the rapid development of modern industrial industry, the workpiece measurement system of many industrial products gradually exceeds the operating load, and the operating efficiency is not high, the cycle is too long, and the accuracy rate is low. In order to solve the problem of automatic and intelligent measurement of mechanical workpieces in industrial production, an automatic mechanical workpiece measurement system based on machine vision is designed in this paper. The digital division of the workpiece is carried out automatically, and fast visual measurement is performed to judge whether the workpiece is qualified or not, which greatly improves the accuracy of workpiece detection. On this basis, this paper optimizes the machine vision measurement system of the workpiece based on the picture and label recognition system to make its operation efficiency higher and operation accuracy better.


Three metal-organic frameworks, [Zn3(bdc)3(DMA)2] (1) (H2bdc = terephthalic acid; DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide), [Zn3(bdc)3(DMA)(DMPU)] (2) (DMPU = 1,3-dimethylpropyleneurea), and [Zn3(bdc)4(Hdma)2] (3) [Hdma = protonated dimethylamine (Me2NH2)] were synthesized by using different solvents. The solvents determine the framework architectures range from layer to microporous pillared-layer framework. The microporous framework has 8-connected bcg topology and shows selective sorption ability for gas light hydrocarbons.


In a model of incomplete, heterogeneous information, with externalities and strategic interactions, we analyse the possibility of adaptive learning to act as coordination device. We build on the framework introduced by Angeletos and Pavan (2007) and extend it to a setting where agents need to learn to coordinate. We analyse conditions under which learning obtains, and show that adaptive learning can solve the problem of socially ine¢ cient coordination.


Despite the high prevalence and burden of acute and chronic kidney diseases, our understanding of appropriate clinical care and underlying disease pathology is far from complete. Nephrology clinical practice guidelines are littered with weak recommendations on the basis of low or very low evidence.


Increasing demands in endovascular intervention have motivated technical skill training and competency-based measures of performance. However, there are no well-established online metrics for technical skill assessment; few studies have explored operator behavioral patterns from catheter motion and operator hand motions. This paper proposes a platform for active online training and objective assessment of endovascular skills, through learning optimum catheter motions from multiple demonstrations. An ungrounded hand-held haptic device for providing intuitive haptic guidance to novice users based on this learnt information is also proposed. Statistical models are implemented to extract the underlying catheter motion patterns, and utilize them for performance evaluation and haptic guidance. The results show significant improvements in endovascular navigation for inexperienced operators. Finer catheter motions were achieved with the provided haptic guidance. The results suggest that the proposed platform can be integrated into current clinical training setups, and motivate the improvement of endovascular training platforms with better realism.


ABSTRACT Pig iron nugget process is one of the direct smelting processes developed as an alternative to the traditional blast furnace process. Throughout the process, slag-free pig iron nuggets, which have similar properties to the blast furnace pig iron and white cast iron, are produced by single-stage heat treatment of dried greenballs. During the process, slag separation from the metallized areas can be enhanced by adjustment of the slag's chemical and physical properties. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of flux addition rates (basic to acid ratio) to the dried greenball mixture on pig iron nugget production and slag separation. Thus, this study involved the heat treatment of six different greenball mixtures, which contained various amounts of limestone addition (basic to acid ratios, 0, 0.63, 1.02, 1.42, 1.85, and 2.29) utilizing a laboratory-scale resistance box furnace or simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermalgravimetric analyzer. The samples produced by heating in the box furnace were analyzed for their morphological and chemical properties utilizing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), macroscopic observations, iron titrations, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was determined that the highest percentage of iron yield in the nugget for the process and the highest distribution of iron in magnetic slag were obtained when utilizing the greenball mixture, which contained 7.5 wt% limestone as flux (basic to acid ratio of 1.42).


Traditionally, war was thought to be a time of uncertainty and doubt, but also of change and transition. In ancient Rome, for example, it is said that the temple gates of Janus were opened during times of war, and rarely, shut during times of peace. Situated between these two gates stood a statue of Janus—the two-faced god of transitions and passages who peered into both the past and future concomitantly—with his gaze fixated on both openings. Once opened, the gates remained so for around 400 years of wartime. They closed again just after The First Punic war in 235 BC and opened around eight years later. It would remain open for almost two more centuries of bloodshed.


Two random space vector modulation (SVM) techniques are analysed. They combine the inherent advantages of the straightforward digital implementation of the SVM an a low-cost microcontroller, with improvements in the EMI characteristics of the inverter, due to the random switching technique.


A plastic optical fiber with the structure of U-bent was utilized as a sensor to detect lard adulterants in olive oil. The macro bending was formed on the plastic optical fiber with a bending radius of 10 mm, 12.5 mm, and 15 mm. The output spectra and intensity were measured to detect the existence of lard substance in olive oil. The U-bent plastic optical fiber sensor with a bending radius of 12.5 mm has the optimum performance to detect the lard adulterant substance in olive oil. It has a sensitivity of 4.6 a.u/% with 855 nm LED source and 10.07 a.u/% with 940 nm LED source in intensity-based measurement and 0.50 nm/% in spectrum-based measurement. The proposed sensor is the potential to give rapid detection on lard adulterant in edible oil.


We studies the parameters of transmission line windage yaw design at home and abroad.Conclusion is drawn that the design reoccurrence period of transmission line is significantly shorter than that abroad.Based on the maximum design wind speed based on the average wind speed of 10min,due to underestimating the impact of the instantaneous wind speed,the maximum wind speed is significantly lower than that abroad in the same statistics.The minimum value requirement of the maximum wind speed on the line design decreases the security level of transmission line at the high winds weather areas.Furthermore,most of the design parameters about windage yaw abroad,such as the conversion factor of the wind speed with height,wind pressure asymmetric coefficient and micro-effects of terrain,are stricter than those at home.This may be one of the important reasons that the ability to withstand strong winds of the transmission line is insufficient.The latest design specifications have revised partly to the design parameters of windage yaw for transmission line,and the above parameters should be further optimized by actual experience.So the meteorological observation,data collection,and the accumulation of running information to determine reasonable value of each parameter,should be strengthened in order to provide the basis for the design of the wind side.


The legal age at which persons may drink alcoholic beverages in Michigan was lowered from 21 to 18 years on 1 January 1972. During the first 9 months of 1971, 1972 and 1973, the number of alcohol-involved fatal crashes among drivers aged 18 to 20 was 60, 103 and 112, and the total number of fatal crashes was 271, 357 and 336. Over the period 1962-1972 the number of drivers aged 18 and 19 involved in fatal crashes ranged from 133 and 1962 to 323 in 1966 (318 in 1972). The number of licensed drivers aged 18 and 19 and the number involved in fatal crashes showed a parallel increase over the 10-year period. It is concluded that the 1971-73 increase in the number of "alcohol-involved" fatal crashes among drivers aged 18 to 20 more likely reflects a change in police reporting practices than changes in driving-and-drinking behavior.


Supported Ni‐based catalysts have been widely used in CO and CO2 methanation processes. However, the catalytic activity of presently available Ni‐supported catalysts remains deficient at the low temperatures required to avoid sintering and carbon deposition. The present work addresses these issues by fabricating TiO2‐nanoparticle‐supported Ni (Ni/TiO2) photothermal catalysts achieve a CO and CO2 conversion of 94 % and 76 %, respectively, under Xe lamp irradiation at 300 °C than those obtained under strictly thermal catalysis conditions. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopy results conducted in situ with and without light irradiation demonstrate that photoinduced charge carriers on the surfaces of the Ni/TiO2 nanoparticles enhance the formation of intermediate species in the CO methanation process and the formation of CO2δ− species conducive to CO2 activation in the CO2 methanation process. Moreover, density functional theory calculations with explicitly included charge carriers further demonstrate that electrons are transferred from Ti to Ni in the Ni/TiO2 catalyst under light irradiation. This research advances understanding of CO/CO2 low temperature methanation activity by light irradiation and provides a practical way to address the existing problem for Ni‐based catalysts.


Abstract The current work aims at determining and assessing the total and bioavailable concentrations of some heavy metals, besides some properties, in soil samples from agricultural, industrial, and residential areas in Sudan. The GIS maps show similar trend of all examined metals in Marawi (the Northern state) area and different trends in other areas. Cluster analysis of the total contents of heavy metals shows the classification of 18 locations in Alhasahisa area in one group while the rest of locations from the three examined areas scattered in other nine groups with high variations.


Steam and oxygen appear to be important for the effectiveness of the heat treatment. Alkaline water limits the benefits of the heat treatment, possibly owing to hemiacetal bond breakage. The wet strength of the paper increases with the lignin content. The heat treatment also increases the wet strength up to 20 % of the dry strength, which is considered to be very good in the paper industry. The heat treatment also lowers the water absorption rate. One hypothesis to explain these results could be the formation of hemiacetal bonds between cellulose and hemicellulose, consistent with deleterious effect of alkaline water. Another hypothesis could be that flow of the lignin during the heat treatment results in improved encapsulation of the cellulose fibers and reduced water absorption. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive.


To the Editor:

I read with interest the article showing substantially reduced mortality for patients who were given statins either prestroke or shortly after onset in a cohort of 448 incident ischemic stroke patients from Dublin, Ireland.1 The 28-day and 90-day case fatality rates in the overall cohort were 12.3% and 17.8%, respectively, which are similar to estimates derived from other contemporary cohort studies.2–4 It is of interest, however, to examine the Kaplan-Meier survival curves in Figure 2, which show that the group not treated …


Issues and Strategies for Handling Nudity in the Art Room The nude body is an enduring and universal subject in the art world, yet it conjures feelings of conflict and taboo in the context of the art room (Bolton, 1992; Ferrara, 2002; Heins, 1998). Fig leaves traditionally served as censoring gestures shielding viewers from anticipated embarrassment. The fig leaf quite simply represents a form of censorship. Consider the icon David completed by Michelangelo in the years 1500-1504. Its existence has been marked by controversy over visible genitalia. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London, for example, exhibits an 18-foot tall plaster cast of the sculpture after Queen Victoria received it as a gift from the Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1857. Upon receiving it, the Queen in her shock over the full-frontal nudity, had a proportionately correct fig leaf constructed and strategically had it placed on the sculpture with hooks. The fig leaf, since removed, has its own display case.1


Full waveform airborne laser scanning was assembled into voxels and combined with airborne hyperspectral data. This combined data set offers a detailed insight into the structure and the reflective properties of tree stands. A comparison of stand photographs and aggregated full waveforms shows the close relation between the stand structure and the waveforms so that the potential of the waveforms to act as a key variable for remote sensing characterization of stand structure is evident.


Background: Determination of the most important level of salicylic acid to increase guar yield in drought stress conditions. Methods: In order to study the effect of potassium and salicylic acid on agricultural and physiological traits of guar in different irrigation treatments, a field experiment was conducted during 2020-2021 under the climatic conditions of Jiroft area (Kerman province, Iran) in the farm of research center and agricultural and natural resources education. The experimental treatments include three levels of irrigation (regular irrigation, stress 60 and 80% of the plant's water requirement) in strip plots, three levels of salicylic acid (no application, 0.1 and 0.5 mM) as foliar spraying and two levels of potassium (no application and use of 100% of the plant's need for potassium) in horizontal plots. Result: The results showed that drought stress and application of potassium and salicylic acid had a significant effect on all traits. Decreasing the amount of water led to a decrease in the physiological and functional characteristics of guar compared to regular irrigation. But potassium and salicylic acid were able to improve the yield characteristics and yield of guar under stress and non-stress conditions and the use of potassium + 0.5 mM salicylic acid were introduced as the best treatment for both conditions. This treatment at 60% stress led to an increase in plant height (91%), the number of leaves (37%), the number of pods (85%), seed number (70%), seed yield (100%), chlorophyll a (61%), chlorophyll b (59%) and carotenoid (100%) compared to the control treatment.


For a 6 m × 8 m three-way six-DOF seismic shaking table foundation,three methods such as the method carried in Code for Dynamic Machine Foundation Design,the Laplace-Transform method and dynamic impedance method are applied respectively to calculate its dynamic response.A comparison of the results show s that the acceleration responses obtained w ith different methods are coincident in higher frequency w hile divergent in low er and intermediate frequency ranges.It is suggested on the basis of parameter analysis that the groundsill stiffness be calculated according to the Code and the damping computed against the Lysmer analogue method w hen the design of seismic shaking table foundation is analyzed.


The utility model discloses a biomass fuel boiler which comprises a heating boiler. The inner wall and the outer all of the heating boiler form a water jacket, a combustion chamber is arranged on the middle lower portion of the heating boiler, an ash discharge chamber is arranged below the combustion chamber, and a heat pipe is welded above the combustion chamber. A feed port and a primary air feed port are formed in the heat pipe. The heating boiler is provided with a feeding device in a matched mode. The feeding device comprises a material bin, a feeding hinge wheel and a motor. One end of the feeding hinge wheel is downwards provided with a feeding pipe in a tilted mode. The feeding pipe is connected with the feed port. The biomass fuel boiler is simple in structure and reasonable in design. Due to the arrangement of the feeding device, fuel is conveniently fed into the combustion chamber, efficiency is high, and labor is saved. By the arrangement of a fuel air inlet pipe, the fuel can be fully mixed with oxygen gas before entering the combustion chamber, so that the burn-off rate of the fuel and the heating efficiency of the boiler are improved, and meanwhile the fuel can fall into the combustion chamber conveniently and smoothly. According to the structure, the conditions of the boiler fuel can be apparently improved, and therefore the biomass fuel boiler is beneficial to popularization and application.


— Aging population has become a world-wide challenge for not only social services, but also the built environment of neighborhood. Community facility is a key element of built environment that has significant impact on elderly's daily lives. However, current planning and design guidelines mainly proposes the requirement of provision of community facilities and is lack of knowledge about older pe ople's needs, preferences, and use patterns of community facilities. Most relevant studies from western countries cannot be directly applied in the context of Asian cities due to their different urban densities, degrees of car dependence, and culture. This study aims to explore elderly's needs and characteristics of use pattern of community facilities in local neighborhoods. In addition, this study also intends to identify the key influential factors of elderly's use of community facilities. Six focus group meetings were conducted in Elderly Community Centers in Kwun Tong from Oct 2019 to Jan 2020. The qualitative analysis method was employed and NVivo was used to analyze the qualitative data obtained from focus group meetings. Elderly centers and open space were found as the most frequently visited community facilities, and the main purposes of using these community facilities were doing physical exercises and gaining knowledge. A list of key factors was identified as influential factors that affect elderly' s use of community facilities. Among them, Planning and design of community facility was found as the main concern for elderly people, followed by built environment of community. This study could help urban planners and designers to understand elderly's sp ecial needs and use patterns of community facilities, so that related community planning could be improved to promote aging in place.


Leadership is a process of influence, an omnipresent feature of human societies, and an enduring focus of research and popular interest. Research tends to focus on individual and situational factors facilitating effective leadership and identifying obstacles to leadership. One key obstacle many leaders face it being stigmatized as an outsider who is not suited to leadership. This article and issue of the Journal of Social Issues focuses on how and when people can overcome these obstacles to leadership–the emergence of marginalized, deviant, or minority group members as leaders even when their success is unexpected. This article and issue discuss the challenges these leaders face and identifies conditions under which such leaders can exert influence to achieve social change. We cover various forms of marginal leadership, focusing on leaders who are marginal individuals (e.g., non?prototypical leaders), who belong to marginal minority subgroups (e.g., leaders from numerical minority groups), or who have marginal demographic status (e.g., female leaders). This article introduces and frames the subsequent articles in this issue of the Journal of Social Issues, on the psychology of being a marginal leader.


ABSTRACT The mid-twentieth-century was an important period for game laws in the United States. Identifying trends in game law enforcement can help identify violations that occurred more and less over time (e.g. species that have had more or less violations at a particular time). There has been little research on species emphasis with regard to game laws, with respect to historical game law roots in mid-twentieth-century America. For this study, 10,062 violations were identified from randomly selected states including Kansas, North Carolina, Florida, and Oklahoma. New Jersey and Massachusetts were used from a prior nineteenth-century study and used twentieth-century data for this analysis. The results of this study revealed that fishing violations or hunting/ fishing without a license composed the majority of violations and there were some significant differences between species, number of fines, amounts of fines, violations that resulted in jail, and number of acquittals. Potential reasons for these results are discussed. Future studies could encapsulate more states with various ecosystems and biota (e.g. coastal states or Midwestern states) to better understand the majority and minority of species-specific enforcement trends in those states.


The wheat transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens were summarized from four aspects which were transformation mechanism,application status,influencing factors and application prospects.


An isocratic RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the assay of Granisetron HCl in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The chromatographic determination was performed on Shimadzu HPLC (LC2010AHT) system equipped with an LC-10A VP quaternary pump, a variablewavelength programmable UV-Visible detector, 20-µL injection loop and a Gemini NX C 18 (250mm × 4.6mm, 5µm) reversed phase column using 0.01M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer of pH 7.5 and acetonitrile in the ratio 80:20 v/v as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5mL.min �1 . The chromatographic data was acquired by using Class-VP 5.032 software. The eluent was monitored at wavelength 305nm and found a sharp and symmetrical peak with retention time of 7.466min, USP plate count of 2944.62 and tailing factor of 1.3. The linearity of the proposed method was in the range of concentration 2.0-10.0µg.mL -1 . The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the developed method were found to be 0.1502µg.mL -1 0.4553µg.mL -1 respectively. The proposed method


This paper demonstrates that the hepatic surface counting technique is a reliable and satisfactory method of estimating the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12. It does not require the collection of faeces or urine and is therefore particularly useful in studying out-patients.


The characteristic of soft soil in unloading condition was studied in three aspects. By the program for embedded consolidation calculation and modified cam-clay model, the soft soil strength in unloading condition was analyzed. The water pressure expression was deduced based on the modified cam clay model, and the water pressure characteristic was studied upon numerical program. The research indicates that, the water pressure changes from zero to the largest negative point and relates with confining pressure. The elastic unloading is replaced by elasto-plastic, then the boundary surface model can be used to analyze the plastic deformation of soft clay during unloading process. The labor test result indicates the theory research method is feasible.


Objective To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different types of operations.Methods The excision of internal capsule supplemented with opening of the parasitic cyst(group A,117 patients)and excision of internal capsule plus external drainage(group B,142 patients)were done.Operating time(min),operative blood loss(ml),everage hospital stay(days)and recovery of body temperature(days),time of drainage-tube in abdomen(month),complications and so on were analyzed.Results Hospital stay,and operative blood loss showed no significant difference between group A and B(P0.05),but operating time,extubation time and recovery of body temperature in group A was longer than in group B(P0.05).There was significant difference in the incidence rate of complications between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Excision of internal capsule supplemented with opening of the parasitic cyst should be the suitable surgical procedure because it is safe,simple and effective and meets all criteria of surgical treatment for hydatid disease.


intraoral communication. Marunick et al1 classified midfacial defects into 2 major categories: midline midfacial defects, which include the nose and/or upper lip; and lateral defects, which include the cheek and orbital contents. Combinations of these 2 categories also exist. Acquired midfacial defects often present with severe disfigurement and functional impairment. Large defects that result from cancer treatment rarely are rehabilitated by surgical reconstruction alone; they usually require a facial prosthesis to restore function and appearance. In addition, an intraoral prosthesis such as an obturator is often needed to restore speech and swallowing. Fabrication of an extraoral facial prosthesis challenges the artistic ability of the prosthodontist. Retention of the prosthesis is also a difficult problem because of its size and weight; securing it in place can be a formidable task. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a large midfacial defect with a 3-piece prosthesis that included a sectional intraoral obturator–extraoral facial prosthesis and an intermediate retentive acrylic framework with the use of magnets.


ABSTRACT Kim, C. and Bae, S., 2019. Spatial-temporal distribution of coastal drowning and geographical characteristics of accident spots, on the east coast of Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Yoon, J.-S.; Cho...


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of the survival of Spanish companies.

Design/methodology/approach
Two approaches are used and they are complementary. The first approach analyses the determinants of survival probability. For this purpose, a binary choice model is built and estimated using a sample of companies from the main economic sectors taken from the SABI database. Likewise, the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition is applied to quantify the difference between companies with employees and without employees and the proportion of this difference that owes to observed factors or unobserved factors. Finally, the second approach is a survival analysis carried out through the Cox proportional hazard model that identifies the determinants of the duration of business activity.

Findings
The results of the empirical analysis show that companies without employees present less favourable conditions for survival at all stages of their evolution than companies with employees.

Originality/value
The contribution of this study to the empirical literature consists in analysing the difference between companies with and without employees. Due to the structure of Spanish companies, this aspect and the determinants of such difference are essential for policymakers to increase the survival for companies.


Abstract : It seems ironic that an organization like the military can contribute to a languages lexicon, and yet not use this lexicon consistently in its own day-to-day activities. The terms command, control , and command and control (i.e., C2) area case in point. These terms are recognizably military, and are well-entrenched in the militarys doctrinal and operational vocabulary.1 Yet the manner in which these terms are used, as well as the circumstances of their usage, varies with confusing complexity. For example, some branches of the military endorse the concept of mission command, others endorse a philosophy of centralized control and decentralized execution, while in other services the notion of network-centric C2 is prominent.2 NATO employs a dizzying array of C2 nomenclature and authorities: OPCON, TACOM, full command, etc.3And if we look for help from official definitions of Command, Control and C2 (e.g., those of NATO), we find that the definitions themselves are circular and redundant. The command definition makes use of the word control, the control definition uses concepts that are part of the definition of command, and the definition of C2 is merely a longer restatement of the definition of control.4


The results of an empirical study of any set of phenomena, whether investigating structures, processes, or combinations thereof, are influenced by the theoretical framework as well as the research methods employed. This text examines the influence of research methods on how phenomena under investigation are conceptualized, defined, measured, and interpreted. It will be argued that qualitative, quantitative, and, by extension, mixed methods research influence how phenomena are studies, and how these methods are concurrently subject to politics, fashions, and conventions. Inconsistent and impoverished research may be the consequence, particularly for mixed methods research.


"... are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The purpose of a forum is to stimulate discussion rather than document an advance in research or its application. A forum is subjected to either partial or full peer review, depending on the subject matter and recommendation of the journal editor. Forums are usually two to five printed pages or 2,000 to 5,000 words. Tables, figures, and references are often included but not an abstract. Forums are indexed in the CE Database and thus require a title and author's byline with current affiliations" (www.asce.org/Audience/Authors,–Editors/Journals/GeneralJournal-Information/Forums/).


s Wang KH, Vishwanath P, Eichler G, Edgar CM, Smith T, Gerstenfeld LC. Large scale transcriptional profiling across the time course of fracture healing. Presented at the 26h Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Seattle, Washington, USA. October 1-5, 2004. (POSTER) Wang K, Vishwanath P, Eichler G, Edgar C, Smith T, Gerstenfeld LC. Large scale transcriptional profiling across the time course of fracture healing. Presented at the 8th International Conference on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues. Banff, Alberta, Canada. October 17-22, 2004. (POSTER, Young Investigator Award) Wang K, Vishwanath P, Eichler G, Edgar C, Einhorn TA, Smith T, Gerstenfeld LC. Transcriptional profiling across fracture healing: distinct temporal clustering of heat shock and metalloproteinase genes. Presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society. Washington, DC, USA. February 20 23, 2005. (ORAL PRESENTATION) Training Kevin Wang, Spring 2004, MA, Masters of Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Thesis Title: Large Scale Transcriptional Profiling Across The Time Course of Fracture Healing.


The philosophical novel is represented by the image of an original thinker Hrygorij Skovoroda pans and basic ideas and principles laid down by the philosopher in his conversations with his disciples and followers of his teachings. Shows the history of the idea of returning to the life of the deceased, especially outlook of prominent Russian scientists and politicians at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth century., Social and ethical ideas N.F. Fedorov, V.S. Solovyov, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, the activities of Russian scientists, for the first time to carry out profound scientific breakthrough in the resurrection.
The novel is a vivid example of intertextual artistic work with elements of the occult and mysticism. It will be useful to those skilled in the field of history of science, philosophy, biology and medicine, as well as to all seekers of truth.


The writer of this paper believes that the Communist Party of China does respect civil rights. In fact, CPC has also made great attempts to pursue the practical ways and conditions to ensure civil rights to be of applicability and accessibility. This helps establish a theoretical system of civil right cause in China.


This article puts forward the recognition method of the Chinese geographical names through constructing internal and external rules and adopting the statistic method.The experiments proved that this method gains higher precision and recall and has the feasibility and rationality through recognizing and testing the datum.At the same time,the limitation of this method was analyzed.


Abstract This research focuses on experimental and constitutive time-dependent modeling of sands considering rate dependency, fabric, and stepwise sudden frequency changes during loadings. Several ...


In this paper the suitability of the HYDRUS‐2D model to simulate volumetric soil water content in the root zone of a potato crop under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is initially assessed on the basis of a field study. Then, considering that the crop is moderately sensitive to soil salinity, the model is tested to predict the salt distribution around a buried emitter, when two different water qualities (i.e. electrical conductivity of 1.0 and 4.0 dS m‐1) are used during the growing season (treatments T1 and T2). Finally, the soil volume in which salt accumulates is distinguished by the model for the two treatments, for which the respective yields are not significantly different.


Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is readily available to consumers around the world because LPG is a clean, portable, and efficient source of energy. LPG is currently used by hundreds of millions of people in the world and there are more than 1000 applications. LPG cylinder may leak as a liquid or a gas. If the source of ignition and gas meets LPG can explode or burn. LPG can make the lives of the people in the house endangered and can cause cold burns to the skin. To ensure the safety and security of the consumers using LPG the study aims to develop a device that can detect gas, smoke, and flame from the LPG cylinder and can notify the owner via text messages applying a rule-based approach. The system can display also a warning message and can alarm the owner using a buzzer. The researchers conducted functionality testing with twenty (20) trials in checking the accuracy of the system were obtained a 100% accuracy. This proves that the system is reliable and efficient when using at home by the consumers.


Animals are known to alter their behavior in response to changes in their environments. Therefore, automatic visual monitoring of animal behavior is currently of great interest because of its many applications. In this paper, a video-based system is proposed for analyzing the swimming patterns of fishes so that the presence of toxic in the water can be inferred. This problem is challenging, among other reasons, because how fishes react when swimming in contaminated water is neither really known nor well defined. A novel use of recurrence plots is proposed, and very compact and simple descriptors based on these recurrence representation are found to be highly discriminative between videos of fishes in clean and polluted water.


T his paper describes the mineralogy, chemistry, X-ray, and trace element study o f a chlorapatite (asparagus stone) collected from the rocks exposed at the emerald mine, near the village Rajagarh, Ajmer. The mica schists and gneisses o f Aravalli age (Archaean), constitute the country rocks in the area. The schists are associated with altered peridotites and intrusive granite and pegmatite. The asparagus stone occurs at the contact of schists and pegmatite. A few crystals of chlorapatite, which were first mistaken for emerald, were collected from the contact zone during the course of a geological excursion. The crystals measured i i 〃 x|〃, yellowish-green, semi-transparent with uneven to sub-conchoidal fracture and vitreous lustre; the specific gravity 3*17. A crystal was broken, crushed to —80 mesh, and separated to remove any associa ted gangue mineral, using Clerici^ solution of varying dilutions. The mineral separated was almost pure (99 %) excepting the minute inclusions of sericite, which could not be separated. In order to estimate the amount of sericite, grain mounts o f the separated mineral were studied using refractive index liquid o f 1.645, with the help of a point counter. The sericite inclusions were estimated at 0*93 %. Optical study: The mineral is colourless in thin section, with acicular and fluid inclusions(?); optically negative, it displays a pseudo-biaxial figure (2E 120), probably due to strain. The refractive indices were determined by immersion method: e = 1-642, = 1-649, slightly higher than the values for common apatite,and comparing well with the values cited for chlorapatites by Deer et al. (1963). The birefringence is low, dark brown o f in from 1 to 2*5 mm; traces o f poorly developed cleavage.


Aims Over 80% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) achieve long-term survival, thus subsequent surveillance for late-effects of treatment is increasingly important. Increased weight gain has been reported in this group, primarily associated with cranial irradiation. No such data exists for British cohorts treated on recent protocols without cranial irradiation as standard therapy. The authors performed a retrospective study on all 134 patients enrolled on the MRC/UKALL97 protocol at a single-centre, to explore changes in height, weight and body mass index (BMI) from diagnosis of ALL. Methods 77 patients (37M, 40F) were included; relapses, deaths or those irradiated were excluded. Median (range) age at diagnosis 4.6 (1.1–15.9) years. Height-, weight- and BMI- SD-scores (SDS) generated from age- and population-referenced normative data were recorded at diagnosis and annually until 3 years-out (YO) from end-of-treatment (EoT). Changes with time from diagnosis in whole-group and gender subgroups and between-group comparison (for gender, diagnostic white cell count and steroid administered) were explored using a univariate model (post hoc analysis with Dunnett's two-sided test for multiple comparisons; p value ≤0.001 significant). Results *p<0.0001. Whole- and gender subgroup data are summarised in table 1. Whole-group height-SDS* were lower from 1 year into treatment until 2YO. Weight-* and BMI-SDS* remained higher 3YO. In females, height-SDS* was lower until EoT, but higher weight-* and BMI-SDS* persisted 3YO. In males, height-SDS* was lower from EoT until 2YO, while higher weight-SDS* persisted 3YO. However, effects on BMI-SDS had resolved by 2YO. Between-group change in height-, weight- and BMI-SDS from diagnosis to 3YO were not different by gender, diagnostic white-cell-count or steroid administered (data not shown). Abstract G196 Table 1 Height, weight and BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) from diagnosis Whole group Male subgroup Female subgroup Mean (95% Cl) N p Value Mean (95% Cl) N p Value Mean (95% Cl) N p Value Height SOS Diagnosis 0.17 [0.O9 to 0.26] 77 – 0.17 [0.04 to 0.30] 37 – 0.18 [0.07 to 0.28] 40 – 1 year into treatment −0.27 [−0.36 to−0.18] 69 <0.0001 −0.21 [−0.35 to−0.06] 32 0.03 −0.32 [−0.43 to−0.21] 37 <0.0O01 End–of–treatment (EoT) −0.31 [−0.40 to−0.22] 68 <0.0001 −0.27 [−0.41 to−0.13] 32 <0.0001 −0.35 [−0.47 to −0.24] 36 <0.0001 1 year post–EoT(1YO) −0.09 [−0.18 to O.00| 66 <0.0001 −0.10 [−0.24 to 0.05] 31 <0.0001 −0.09 [−0.20 to 0.03] 35 0.005 2 years post–EoT (2YO) −0.04 [−0.14 to O.06| 58 <0.0001 −0.09 [−0.26 to 0.09] 23 <0.0001 −0.01 [−0.13 to O.10] 35 0.13 3 years post–EoT (3YO) 0.01 [−0.09 to 0.11] 53 O.004 −0.06 [−0.25 to 0.13] 20 0.006 0.05 [−0.07 to 0.17] 33 0.31 Weight SDS Diagnosis 0.37 [0.26 to 0.48] 77 – 0.29 [0.12 to 0.46] 37 – 0.44 [0.30 to 0.59] 40 – 1 year into treatment 0.41 [0.30 to 0.52] 69 0.99 0.45 [0.27 to 0.62] 32 0.97 0.38 [0.24 to 0.53] 37 0.967 End–of–treatment (EoT) 0.74 [0.62 to 0.85] 68 <0.0001 0.62 [0.44 to 0.80] 32 0.003 0.85 [0.70 to 0.10] 36 0.003 1 year post–EoT (1YO) 0.83 [0.72 to 0.96] 66 <0.0001 0.72 (0.52 to 0.91] 31 <0.0001 0.96 [0.80 to 1.11] 35 <0.0001 2 years post–EoT (2YO) 0.83 [0.70 to 0.96] 58 <0.0001 0.61 [0.39 to 0.83] 23 <0.0001 1.00 [0.84 to 1.15] 35 <0.0001 3 years post–EoT (3YO) 0.78 [0.65 to 0.92] 53 <0.0001 0.55 [0.31 to 0.79] 20 <0.0001 0.95 [0.79 to 1.11] 33 <0.0001 BMI SDS Diagnosis 0.35 [0.20 to 0.50] 77 – 0.24 [0.01 to 0.46] 37 – 0.46 [0.27 to 0.64] 40 – 1 year into treatment 0.81 [0.65 to 0.97] 69 <0.0001 0.87 [0.62 to 1.13] 32 0.001 0.77 [0.57 to 0.96] 37 0.13 End–of–treatment (EoT) 1.29 [1.13 to 1.45] 68 <0.0001 1.11 [0.85 to 1.36] 32 <0.0001 1.46 [1.26 to 1.66] 36 <0.0001 1 year post–EoT (1YO) 1.21 [1.05 to 1.37] 66 <0.0001 1.05 [0.79 to 1.31] 31 <0.0001 1.36 [1.15 to 1.56] 35 <0.0001 2 years post–EoT (2YO) 1.14 [0.96 to 1.31] 58 <0.0001 0.86 [0.56 to 1.17] 23 0.01 1.34 [1.14 to 1.55] 35 <O.0O01 3 years post–EoT (3YO) 1.04 [0.85 to 1.22] 53 <0.0001 0.77 [0.43 to 1.10] 20 0.02 1.24 [1.03 to 1.45] 33 <0.0001 Mean [95% confidence intervals; Cl] displayed for height–, weight– and EMI–SDS for the whole group and gender subgroups. Differences tested using a univariate model, incorporating time from diagnosis and anonymous subject identifier, with post–hoc analysis using Dunnett's two–sided test for multiple comparisons; p–Values ≤0.001 (versus diagnosis) are considered significant and displayed in italics. N = number or patients included in the analysis at the stated timepoint. YO =years out from end–of–treatment. Conclusions Survivors of childhood ALL exhibit adverse changes in height-, weight- and BMI-SDS which arise during treatment and persist into follow-up. In males, effects on BMI are transient and likely reflect effects of both disease and therapy on linear growth. In females, despite recovery of height, BMI remains increased secondary to weight gain. Potential mechanisms include increased appetite through steroid-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-axis re-programming and/or reduced exercise. Strategies, such as dietary and lifestyle modification advice, should be implemented in order to minimise associated long-term morbidity.


Abstract We studied the consequences of nest predation and brood parasitism on a population of Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) breeding in coastal riparian woodlands in northern California. We monitored 90 warbler nests from 1997 to 2000; only 16 of these produced Wilson's Warbler young. Of 74 failed nests, 73% (54/74) failed due to nest predation. Overall, 33% (30/90) of the nests were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Nest success, as calculated by the Mayfield method, was 0.085 and notably lower than values reported for other warbler species. We used a simple demographic population model—under scenarios of high, average, and low productivity and survival—to evaluate the viability of this population and found it to be at risk of local extirpation without immigration. This was due to the combined effects of high levels of nest predation and the impacts of brood parasitism.


Explore & learn about the array of digital resources available for learning at ---- campus. Ideas for teachers on integrating these digital resources into their instruction


A self machine (1), in particular automated teller machine, account statement printer and / or information or transaction terminal, having a basic housing (2), operating area (3), means for identification cards (9), the magnetic interference unit (8) and one or more other components (4,5,6), wherein the magnetic interference unit (8) is surrounded by a coil surrounding the identification card insertion and / or extraction means (9).


This paper describes a reflective mobile application to help young people with ADD and ADHD better understand their engagement levels during their daily tasks. The mobile application, paired with an electroencephalographic (EEG) device, collects data about user-specific task engagement and pairs it with geographic and temporal data to provide insights into the degree to which a user is engaged in tasks based on time and location. The paper describes two mobile prototypes developed to investigate the problem space of contextual visualizations of engagement information, and it presents future directions for development and study.


The conventional IGI (Initial gap increasing) method can significantly impact the cross traffic. In this paper, we propose an improved IGI method for the problem. With the reasons why the IGI method can significantly impact cross traffic, the method of finding turning point is modified. Firstly, the larger initial gap is chosen, and the gap is decreased step by step to reach the turning point. The turning point is judged based on the principle that the output gap is larger than input gap. Using ns simulations, the performance about the measurement accuracy and the impact of probe traffic on the cross traffic is respectively compared between the improved and traditional IGI method, which proved that the improved method can maintain the advantages and reduce its impact on the cross traffic.


The effects of feeding time and feeding amount on the health growth were studied. Three levels of feeding time: from June 15th to July 15th; from July 15 to August 15th; from August 15 to September 15th. Three levels of feeding amount: 100%, 90%, and 80%. The effects of the proportion of tenebrio molitor and fly larvae on the growth and development of forest frog were studied. The proportion of tenebrio molitor in feed are 0%, 25%, 50% and 100%. There are three treatments in each group. The effects of feeding frequency on the growth and development of forest frog were studied. Three groups were set in this study. They are one time/day, two times/day and one time/two days. There are three treatments in each group, there are 200 forest frogs in each treatment. It was concluded from the study that the weight gain of feeding amount 80% is significantly lower than feeding amount 90% and 100% from July 15th to August 15th (P<0.05). Weight gain and survival rate increase with the increase in the proportion of Tenebrio molitor (P<0.05). The weight gain of one time/two days treatment is lower than one time/day and two times/day treatments (p<0.05). Introduction Northeast forest frog is one of the 54 kinds of wild animals that are allowed to be released by the state. It was the drugs, supplements and food. Due to the excessive capture and the serious damage to the natural environment, the northeast forest frog is decreasing day by day,it has been included in the "red book" Chinese endangered animal, as a vulnerable species . Living insects maggot and Tenebrio molitor are fed to northeast forest frog in artificial breeding processes. Different feeding frequency and feeding quantity and feed compositionin were set in the artificial breeding system to simulate environment with food abundance fluctuations. The feeding rate, food conversion rate, growth rate and body composition of the northeast forest frog were tested.The purpose of this study was to explore the physiological and ecological characteristics of northeast forest frog, also to provide basic data for the research of the nutrition of the northeast forest frog and the development of artificial breeding technology. Materials and Methods Material Sources and Domestication Experiments were carried out in Tonghe Shi Shifu forest frog breeding farm from May 2012 to September 2012. Tonghe county is located in the central Heilongjiang Province, south of Xiao Hinggan Mountains, north shore of the Songhua River. The geographical coordinates is between


There is evidence for reliable individual differences in the tendency to use an intuitive (i.e., spontaneous, affect-based) and a deliberative (i.e., effortful, planned, and analytic) decision mode. Even though other individual characteristics in decision making (e.g., risk attitude) seem to be domain-specific, it is commonly assumed that a person's decision style is relatively stable across decision domains. Using a domain-specific extension of the Unified Scale to Assess Individual Differences in Intuition and Deliberation (USID), we found that preference for intuition and preference for deliberation showed considerable variability across domains (e.g., choosing a dress vs. choosing a doctor). In addition, domain-specific preecision style xpertise ndividual differences omain specificity ferences for intuition were consistently correlated with self-rated expertise in making decisions in the respective domain. Our results indicate that a person's domain-general decision style does not necessarily generalize across decision domains, and that the domain-specificity of preferences for intuition seems to be driven partly by differences in expertise. © 2015 Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ company. A common assumption in research on decision styles is that they are "chronic" (Betsch, 2008, p. 231) and thus characterize a . Introduction A popular distinction in psychology is between intuitive and eliberate mental processes. Intuitive processes are characterized s "effortless, implicit, . . . and often emotionally charged" (e.g., ahneman, 2003, p. 698). Deliberate processes are more effortul, explicit, and consciously controlled. The distinction between ntuition and deliberation seems phenomenologically supported, nd it has also entered psychological theorizing. Several influenial psychological frameworks on human thinking and reasoning ssume a dual-process structure of the mind, where an intuitive, utomatic system operates alongside a deliberate, controlled one e.g., Chaiken & Trope, 1999; Epstein, 2008; Hammond, 1996; ahneman, 2011; Mukherjee, 2010; Sloman, 1996; Stanovich & est, 2000; for a critical discussion, see Gore & Sadler-Smith, 2011; ruglanski & Gigerenzer, 2011). The frameworks acknowledge that oth mental systems – though qualitatively distinct – jointly influnce behavior. It has been argued that there are systematic individual diferences in the tendency to rely on intuitive and deliberative We thank Susannah Goss for editing the manuscript. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +0049 0 30 82406335. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (T. Pachur). ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.07.006 211-3681/© 2015 Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Published by reativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). by-nc-nd/4.0/). decision mechanisms (for an overview, see Betsch & Iannello, 2010). Some people have a strong inclination to make decisions based on intuition; others tend toward deliberation. Such individual differences in what we refer to as decision style2 are also relevant in organizational contexts (Dane & Pratt, 2007). For instance, entrepreneurs have been found to have a better balance between intuitive and deliberate decision modes than actors or accountants (who lean more toward an intuitive or analytic style, respectively; Groves, Vance, Mendez, & Choi, 2008). Further, the fit between a manager's decision style and the institution's organizational structure has been shown to impact manager satisfaction, intention to exit, and actual exit (Brigham, DeCastro, & Shepherd, 2007). Finally, Khatri and Ng (2000) found that senior executives' decision styles were associated with the performance of their 2 Importantly, people's tendencies to rely on deliberation and intuition are often construed as orthogonal dimensions, and also empirically the two are only weakly, if at all linked (e.g., Hodgkinson & Sadler-Smith, 2003). Therefore, a person's decision style does not represent a preference of one decision mode (e.g., intuition) over the other (e.g., deliberation), but expresses the strength of a person's tendency to rely on the respective decision mode. Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://


Step by step, Safety Regulations become strict rules in all countries of the world. Especially, In the ECE R-14, European Regulation, All seats will have to be equipped with 3 point seat belt from 2004. 10. So in this paper, We will investigate the safety regulation about 3 point seat belt and propose the high strength frame to rear center belt-in seat satisfying regulations, ECE R-14 and FMVSS 210. and then we will accomplish the FEA and Test with proposed seat frame. So we should confirm the application of proposed seat frame.


In recent years a theory of material transfer through biological barriers has been under development. The theory is thermodynamic,`8 and relations between the measurable properties of the components of a transfer system and the material flows through a membrane are developed without reference to the physical nature of the transfer processes. The essential assumption that makes the theoretical description possible states that whenever two or more material flows are occurring simultaneously through an element of volume of a barrier, the flows mutually affect one another. The flows are said to be coupled, and the extent of coupling is quantitatively accounted for by the magnitudes of the phenomenological cross coefficients introduced into the theoretical description of the process. It is also possible to give physical meaning to all of the cross coefficients that appear in the theoretical description of an isothermal material transfer system. Application of mechanical theory to the problem demonstrates that the cross coefficients can be regarded as functions of local concentrations and molecular frictional coefficients.`' In principle, such considerations allow a quantitative description of multi-component material transfers through biological barriers without the introduction of the less well-defined concepts of "active transfer."8 Cross coefficients were first introduced into the descriptions of material transfer to account for the appearance of circulating currents in systems whose geometrical configuration was in the form of a completed circuit. To better understand the significance of the cross coefficients, three such systems-a thermocouple, an electrochemocouple, and a chemocouple-are partially analyzed, and the relations between the circulating currents present and the cross coefficients are derived. Some experimental results obtained in the study of a simple chemocouple are also presented to demonstrate the existence of circulations of neutral molecules, a fact that is often ignored in the discussions of comparable biological systems. From the thermodynamic point of view, transfer systems are called open or closed according to whether or not they exchange material substances with the external environment. The thermocouple and the experimental


This study is aimed at describing: 1) techniques used by the teacher, and 2) the problems faced by the teacher in teaching reading.In achieving the objectives, the researcher used descriptive qualitative approach to collect and analyze the data. The research was held in SMA
Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta. The researcher took three classess of the second year teacher as the subject of the study. The writer got the data of the research from
event, informant, and document. The techniques of collecting data were the observation and interview about the reading teaching- learning process. The result of the analysis shows that teacher's techniques in teaching
reading were appropriate and effective for the second year student of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in teaching reading. By using this technique, the students were capable to know their errors, the reason and correct it. The teacher had several problems in teaching namely in managing the students in the class; motivating the students; understanding vocabulary; and handling all of the class in the second year. The teacher's ways to overcome the problems, that are: the teacher pointed the students who do not pay attention to the teacher's explanation
and the teacher gives question about the material; The teacher makes some jokes when the students start to bored; The teacher makes games and asks the students to listen English song; and the teacher prepares the materials on power point and gives the copies of the question about the materials to the students.


The distribution of ore-bodies and controlling factors of formation, evolution and location of ore-bodies of the Mojiang gold deposit, namely siliceous rock, fault system, fold system, massif structure, have been ascertained based on integrated study of general geological characteristics and metallogenic regularities. And the built metallogenic prognosing model indicates prospecting potentiality in the depth of the gold deposit.


Summary Increased incidence of latex immediate hypersensitivity reactions is a serious surgical problem that must be avoided by means of patient identification, carrying out protocols and using latexfree drugs and materials. From annual consumption of surgical area, those drugs that could contain latex were selected. By direct contact with the pharmaceutical manufacturer, it works out a file with technical information and a list, indicating latex presence or absence in its composition. The answer was received on the first 48 hours in 40% of queries (in 22% on first 24 h). No information was received from a 20% of queries. 21% of drugs were identified as latex-contai ning. Six manufacturers haven't permitted the publication of data. Furthermore, the evaluation of manufacturer' s consultation can conclude that current information system is not sufficiently opera tive, being necessary to establish labelling guidelines for latex-containing products that permit an easy and quick identification.


The research deals with permeability of students' interlanguage system that reflects in students' composition of SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Surakarta. The aims of the research are (1) to describe what the types of permeability, (2) to describe the source of the influence in students' IL system, and (3) to describe the influence frequency of students' IL system. The type of this research is qualitative research. The data of this research are erroneous sentences found in the students' compositions. The method of collecting data is elicitation and document analysis. The writer uses descriptive analysis by Celce Marcia and a modified framework of Error Analysis by Shridar a technique for analyzing data. The results indicate that (1) the permeability is found at the level of morphology and syntax, (2) the source of the influence is students' mother tongue (Indonesian) and target language (English), (3) the influence frequency of the mother tongue to students' interlanguage system is 48% and of the target language to the students' interlanguage system is 52%. The conclusion is that the learners' interlanguage is open to to influence from the outside and influence from the inside language system. It progressively approaches the target language as a result of learners' attempt on constructing a new linguistic system.


Converging shock waves have the ability to generate high energy concentrations, important for inertial confinement fusion applications. In order to create more stable shock configurations, recently, it has been proposed to shape the shock front by the means of obstacles. In this work, the stability of this configuration is verified by means of a stochastic numerical simulation, taking into account uncertainties of the experimental set-up, as for example, the inlet conditions, the shape and position of the obstacles. For this reason, an eulerian unstructured grid solver based on a mixed finite volume/finite element approach is coupled with a Polynomial Chaos method. This analysis allows estimating the variability of the maximal temperature and energy. Finally, obstacle shape is optimized in order to maximize the energy concentration and thus provide useful remarks for improving the experience. Mots clefs : converging shock waves ; robust optimization ; uncertainty quantification


Abstract: A multi-loop tracking robust control method is presented for the high-order uncertain nonlinear system with control saturation constraint and varying parameters. Firstly, the high-order nonlinear system is decomposed into some first-order subsystems by hierarchical design virtual tracking controller. Then, the virtual tracking controller ensures that the output of inner loop exponential converge to the virtual input of outer loop, and an adaptive controller is designed for inner loop to compensate the uncertainty which is caused by parameters' perturbation and external disturbance, and to ensure that the output exponential converge to the virtual input. The output of system can accurately track the desired input, by using multi loop recursive tracking. Theoetical analysis proves the global convergence of the closed-loop system. Simulation verifies the feasibility and rationality of the multi loop tracking controller.


Two years after the Round Table of January 2004 which concluded with the possibility of utilizing exon skipping as a therapeutic strategy, the clinical potential of this strategy has been confirmed and has been translated into different research approaches (molecular, pharmaco-chemical, gene therapy, autologous cell therapy) which have all attained pre-clinical status today. Several clinical trials are already in preparation, but in parallel, basic research remains to be done in order to answer some unresolved questions (such as the immune response, systemic injection, production of batches of drugs). The international community which is concerned by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is mobilizing to cross a crucial frontier: at the initiative of the Parent Project USA an international consortium has been created and was presented for the first time in Monaco on January 15, 2006, with the goal of raising funds to finance clinical trials in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy utilizing the promising technique of exon skipping.


The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has had profound effects on organ transplantation partly due to concern for infection transmission. Risk of mortality for waitlisted candidates must be weighed against risk of transmission to the recipient and transplant team. We report our clinical experience of transplanting three patients with organs from a deceased donor who was reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive (PCR+) for SARS-CoV-2 within 72 h of procurement. All recipients were informed of the donor's infection status and consented to proceed. None of the recipients had prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As detailed in Table 1, the heart recipient was Status 2 and at high risk of waitlist mortality, one kidney recipient had completed COVID-19 vaccination series with positive anti-spike antibody (serology was not available at time of transplant), and the second kidney recipient was a retransplant with high panel reactive antibodies. The donor had recent symptomatic COVID-19 and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab PCR+ with cycle threshold (Ct) values of 29.45 and 31.0. As these Ct values may be associated with infectious virus, we kept the recipients in air-borne and contact isolation and treated with perioperative remdesivir; both were discontinued with negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR on post-operative day 3. However, such testing would probably be negative in the setting of donor-derived transmission for a nonlung organ. Serum PCR was unavailable. SARS-CoV-2 serology was negative for both unvaccinated individuals. Standard immunosuppression protocols were followed. All recipients remained asymptomatic and did not develop COVID19. There was no infection transmission to the transplant team. All recipients are currently alive with well-functioning grafts. There are scant reports of heart transplant from donor with PCR+ COVID-19 in the published literature in which PCR+ organ transplant was intentionally carried out in recipients without a history of COVID-19 with informed consent.1 There are several recent reports demonstrating safety of utilizing organ donors intentionally with prior COVID-19 either with negative PCR at procurement; or PCR+ organs transplanted into recipients with recent COVID-19.2–4 Ct values are a surrogate marker of virus viability; the donor had a single positive test with low Ct values corresponding to high viral load and infectivity. Due to variability of Ct values among testing platforms, serial testing values is recommended rather than the single test


Abstract : The major equipment and steps in the production of combat rations have been individually addressed in the CRAMTD demonstration site, such as filling and sealing Tray Pack cans, filling and sealing MRE pouches and retorting for sterility. The introduction of materials and ingredients into the process and movement between operations has been accomplished manually and expeditiously, but the methods and equipment used would not support normal production rates. Further, there was a need to optimize product safety and overall efficiency. This project covered documentation and analysis of current technology, and resulted in the development of integrated systems for moving product and material in and between specific process areas. A Hi-Speed Checkweigher Pouch Inspection Conveyor, Brenter Retort Loader, Roll Hoist Machine, Intermittent Bucket Conveyor and Centralized Control Station were developed and demonstrated during the project. Non-Traditional Capital Investment Criteria (NCIC) studies were made of Product Feeders, Retort Crate Loading, and a Centralized Control Station.


This paper deals with some properties of bifurcation structures in the parameter space related to the Duffing equation in the presence of an external periodical excitation B + B0cos t. So global qualitative modifications of structures in the parameter plane (B, B0) are considered, when a third parameter e (the damping term of the equation) varies. Complex sets of bifurcation curves are defined. They are based on the global bifurcation structure: crossroad area, saddle area, spring area, lip, quasi-lip, identified in the past with their "foliated representation", and their qualitative changes. For the Duffing model, special associations of the above areas, giving typical patterns called islands, are described with their qualitative modifications.


Collective behavior in groups is a recurring phenomena in nature. It is present on vastly different length and time scales and can occur in small groups of few individuals as well as in colonies of millions of participants. Over the past few decades, research effort has been increased to better understand and also model the wide variety of observed collective patterns. While modern computer simulations have helped the effort, at the same time experimental model systems of artificial active matter have become a compelling middle ground. They can enable precise control over interactions between agents while providing the complexity of real environments, thus, bridging the gap between nature and simulations. Similarly, different concepts of modeling the decision process of collectively acting agents have been developed. A common approach is to apply simple interaction rules based on so-called social forces, which produce rich collective behavior and can also lead to criticality in the observed dynamics. More recently, though, an effort has also been started to model the evolutionary process leading to such rules, by employing techniques from multi-agent reinforcement learning. In the experiments presented in this thesis, we apply both social interaction rules as well as reinforcement learning to an experimental model system of artificial light-activated microswimmers, for which we are able to individually manipulate the speed and orientation by an external feedback control loop. First, a social interaction rule is applied to a group of active particles, which can lead to unordered swarming and rotationally ordered swirls, tuneable by a single angular parameter. Continuously varying this parameter, we find a continuous transition between swarms and swirls, with a clear bifurcation point in rotational symmetry, which is spontaneously broken into either direction above the critical angle. Furthermore, we provide a minimal model for this behavior, which describes the observations well by simple symmetry arguments without the assumption of thermal equilibrium. We further verify the continuous nature of the transition by experimental measurements of a distinct hysteresis loop. At the same time, we are also able to recreate swirling motion by reinforcement learning, based on a reward function inspired by social forces, to discuss similarities and differences between the two approaches. Notably in the case of reinforcement learning, the symmetry in rotational order is not broken spontaneously during motion, but in an early state of the learning process, making the broken symmetry a crucial part of the behavioral


These days wireless power transfer is the widely used
technology to transmit power and information simultaneously. In
this paper, the magnetic induction principle is used to transfer
power and information simultaneously through a single winding
arrangement. It is shown that a 7W LED lamp can be illuminated
between a distance of about 5mm. Magnetic induction principle
can be applied to a short-range power and information transfer
only. This paper discusses the underwater LED light luminaire
transmitter and receiver design components, along with it shows
the mode switching of LED. The power transfer efficiency is about
65% when the transmitter and receiver are placed in-line and
power efficiency decreases with the displacement of the lamp to
either side.


ABSTRACT Introduction Outdoor sports can help people develop good living habits and improve people's physical fitness. For this reason, it is very important to cultivate sports hobbies and analyze the factors of healthy sports. Objective To understand the factors that affect the healthy sports behavior of college students, we provide a reference for the relevant departments of the school and physical education teachers. Methods The thesis uses literature data method, questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics method to analyze sports influencing factors with college students as the research object. Results The physical education method and the completeness of the facilities will affect the students' interest in sports. Students from different family backgrounds have very different preferences for healthy sports. Conclusions The school environment and sports atmosphere are the main factors that constitute the school sports environment. College students' cognition and understanding of healthy sports will affect their own sports situation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.


1. What is science? 2. Culture, knowledge and technology 3. Classical roots 4. Mediaeval views of the world 5. The Scientific Revolution 6. The 'Scientific Revolution' in biology 7. Aristotle's biology 8. How different are organisms from inanimate objects? 9. Cell theory and experimental physiology: new ideas in a changing society 10. Embryos and entelechy 11. Spontaneous generation 12. The evolution of Darwinism 13. The great heredity debate 14. Evolutionary theory attains maturity 15. The problem of purpose 16. The scientific status of biology Appendix: science and philosophy, Philosophies of science and scientific practice, The nature of scientific theories, Theory structure and theory change, Experiments, Models Bibliography Index of names Index of subjects


Structural stability for a class of Brink-Forchheimer equations of flow in porous media with changes on the gravity coefficients is investigated.It is shown that the solution continuously depends on gravity coefficients.By using an analogous argument,continuous dependence on the Soret coefficient is also proved.


T. An experiment was performed to compare in the meal diets different particle sizes of corn, with and without the addition of whole wheat, on the performance of chicken broilers. 2 800 broilers, four particle sizes was compared; T1) 1175 µm, T2) 740 µm, T3) 541 µm, and T4) 398 µm, with and without the addition of whole wheat (5, 10 and 15%). Body weight (kg), feed consumption (kg), feed conversion ratio (kg/kg), and mortality percentage were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 45 days. The gizzard total weight and relative weight was recorded at end of the study. The data recorded in each variable was analyzed by general lineal model for factorial design 4 x 2. At 45 days of age, T2 showed the highest body weight (p 0.05) in mortality rate; while the size of the gizzard was lower (p 0.05), was observed in the other parameters evaluated. A significative effect (p < 0.01) of the interaction of particle size 740 µm with the addition of the whole wheat was observed on the body weight at the end of the study, suggesting that this can be alternative for obtain best performance and save money by feed.


Acknowledging the dynamic decision making that comes from bringing great minds and great dentists together, once again this year's honorees were selected by a distinguished panel of dental professionals.


An implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD) is a unique indwelling device for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmia and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. On February 4, 1980, the first ICD was implanted into a human subject. Thousands of Americans have been saved as a result of this device. Near the end of life, an active ICD may no longer be consistent with a patient's needs and/or current health status. The very benefit of the device becomes the risk. Research has shown a deficit in recipient understanding of the role and function of the ICD. Likewise, there is a deficit in physician-led discussions and education of ICD deactivation in end-of-life care.


Mixed convection heat transfer is commonly found in many engineering applications and is particularly relevant to the cooling of electronic components but despite this, the physics of this heat transfer regime is not fully understood. This paper presents an experimental study into buoyancy opposing cross flow, a commonly found mixed convection regime. The experimental configuration comprised a long heated cylinder suspended in a glass walled enclosure. The airflow within the enclosure was controlled using a baffled axial fan to give Reynolds numbers in the range of 32–89. The mean Nusselt numbers were measured about the cylinder for Rayleigh numbers between 1.7E+04–4.0E+04. For the acquisition of full field data the optical techniques, digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) and phase measurement interferometry (PMI), were employed. Buoyancy opposing cross flow created an unsteady flow field about the cylinder at low Reynolds numbers and steady state temperatures. DSPI enabled real-time interferograms to be recorded and results are presented in the form of instantaneous interferograms showing the high frequency fluctuations of the temperature field about the cylinder. Attention is focused on understanding the trend in mean heat transfer values resulting from an increased inertia force and thus providing a significant insight into unsteady mixed convection flow.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term engagement and participation in physical activity by older adults in the general population is poor. The Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people (the ENJOY project) is a community-based research project utilizing an outdoor Seniors Exercise Park that demonstrated increased physical activity level as well as physical and mental health benefits. This study aims to explore participants' perceptions about barriers and facilitators to ongoing participation as well as the usage pattern of the Seniors Exercise Park. Method People aged ≥60 yr underwent a 12-wk structured supervised physical activity program using outdoor exercise park equipment followed by a 6-month maintenance phase. Participants completed two surveys: at the completion of the 12-wk structured supervised program and at the completion of the 6-month maintenance phase. Access to the Seniors Exercise Park was also electronically monitored during the maintenance phase. Results The social aspect (60%), health benefits/improvement (41.5%), and supervision (36.9%) were the most cited factors in positively supporting participation, with 60.8% continued using the Exercise Park regularly during the maintenance phase. The main barriers to continued usage for both regular users and nonusers included other commitments (71.4%), the weather (60.7%), and medical/health problems (42.8%). Conclusions The Seniors Exercise Park can be utilized to promote sustainable engagement in physical activity for older people. However, future implementation strategies should consider approaches to overcome barriers for participation. Trial registration number: ACTRN12618001727235.


The paper studies conditions of the groundwater inflow throughout the year, and suggests to carry out the mine planning on the basis of these conditions. A prediction model of the groundwater inflow dynamics in open cast mining was created on the example of the Natalkinskoye gold deposit.


ABSTRACT This study returns to earlier investigations of cost accounting in French enterprises. It has been demonstrated that apart from a few exceptions, industrial accounting was established later in France than in Great Britain, mirroring the lag which one observes with respect to industrialisation. Our objective is to examine the points during which these changes took place, in pre-existing enterprises or in new ones, and to explore more deeply how and why these changes occurred. Various explanatory factors can be considered, but it is above all the actors involved in these changes and their personal trajectories on which the emphasis is placed in this study. In this period of transition, before double-entry bookkeeping (DEB) had been diffused more broadly, or even generally adopted, accounting innovation in industry frequently seemed to have been carried out by individuals who shared trade in common, and lived or had lived in regions where DEB had long been practised compared to elsewhere. Taking the geographic dimension into account argues for a comparative history of accounting that not only juxtaposes parallel stories, from one side or the other of the current borders of nation-states, but rather delves more deeply into a level of analysis that concerns itself with the spatial circulation of accounting techniques and their imprints over the longue durée.


Objective To study the chemical changeability of essential oils in Xinhui Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium( CRP) stored in different years. Methods The volatile oils were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The oil components were identified by their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices and were quantified by the overall volume integration method. Results A total of 51 compounds were discerned in 6 samples stored in different years,and the total contents of identified compounds in each sample are from 97. 976% to 98. 734%. In 6 samples,the compound that has the highest content is d-limonene( 49. 775%-59. 822%),the other 2 compounds that have high contents are γ-terpinene( 10. 776%-20. 121%) and benzoic acid,2-( methylamino)-,methyl ester( 1. 209%-5. 400%). The chemical variability of 6 samples presents a regularity. Conclusion There is little difference in the chemical components between different samples,but a great variation in quantitation between the Xinhui CRP stored in 4 years and the other 5 samples stored in more than 4 years. The essential oils' chemotype of Xinhui CRP from Citrus reticulata'Chachi'is limonene / γ-terpinene / benzoic acid,2-( methylamino)-,methyl ester.


Approximately 75% experience phantom (PLP), residual (RLP), or general (GLP) limb pain following lower extremity amputation. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a peripheral nerve transfer that reroutes amputated nerves to motor endplates that can prevent or treat limb pain. This systematic review summarizes pain outcomes following primary and secondary treatment of lower extremity PLP, RLP, and GLP. Primary literature review of three databases - PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE - were used for all articles related to TMR and lower extremity limb pain, querying the same keywords: "targeted muscle reinnervation" AND "pain". Citations were then reviewed and eliminated if only upper extremities were studied or the study lacked pain outcomes. Citations were categorized as primary or secondary TMR. Pain outcomes, including Numerical Rating Scales (NRS) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain scores, were aggregated when appropriate. Ten studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria after formal review for a total of 431 extremities, of which 79.1% (n = 341 limbs) were lower extremities. Average primary TMR PROMIS scores for PLP and RLP were lower than amputees without primary TMR. Average NRS scores and PROMIS Pain scores in secondary TMR demonstrated improvements in PLP, RLP, and GLP. Primary and Secondary TMR does prevent and improve PLP, RLP, and GLP; however, a minority of studies report quantifiable pain outcomes. All future TMR studies should include validated pain outcomes to better quantify the expected pain and quality of life improvements after lower extremity TMR.


Tidal creek system is one of the most particular geomorphology units in muddy flat and offshore sand shoals. This paper aims to study the tidal creek system of Tiaozini sand shoals in the north of Jiangsu coast. Through field surveying and a series of remote sensing images comparing, it details the main tidal creek system shift in recent years, such as Shishenggang, Neiwangjiachao, Xiaodengzhuanggang, Henggang, Xidagang, Dongdagang, Gaonigang. On this basis, it summarizes the development characteristics of the tidal creek system. First, every main tidal creek system has different shift distance and move rate and every part of one single tidal creek system also has different shift distance and move rate. Second, the tidal creek system in the west of Xidagang located on the center of Tiaozini sand shoals has shift period and the tidal creek system in the east of Xidagang is stable. Third, the shift style of tidal creek is sudden change and gradual change. Last, tidal creek system of sand shoal has autoconditioning action which behaves balance orientation of one single tidal creek and integrate adjusting of the whole tidal creek systems of sand shoals. This study on tidal creek system of Tiaozini sand shoals is available complementarity of the whole study of muddy flat and sand shoals tidal creek system. It also will provide scientific guidance for engineering construction, resource exploitation and so on.


Heating water using solar energy can significantly reduce fossil fuel consumption. However, during the lack of sunlight it is necessary an alternative energy source to supplement or substitute the solar energy. To provide this additional energy, electrical resistances are among the most common devices used. In this work it is presented an experimental analysis of an alternative system to support solar water heating with a better cost-benefit ratio than that of the electrical resistance. For this purpose, a heat pump was designed, constructed and experimentally evaluated as supplementary heating source. To improve the system's performance, a static evaporator was used as a substitute for the conventional evaporator. The mean coefficient of performance (COP) for the heat pump was 2.15. The same tests were performed utilizing an electrical resistance as heating source and the results obtained in this case were compared with the results obtained using the heat pump. The moderate cost of acquisition and installation of the heat pump allowed an investment return between 2.5 and 3.6 years, depending on the city in which the system is installed. Considering that the equipment has an estimated lifespan of 15 years, the internal rate of return varies from 24.5 to 37.9%, which is attractive for investment.


This paper is based on Ille 2013. Both papers analyze the same model, but in contrast, this paper does not provide an analytical solution but rather resorts to simulations. This allows the reader, who is familiar with the former article, to retrace the results more thoroughly and without the requirement of a sophisticated mathematical background. Additionally, this paper illustrates the dynamics of the setting. Focus is placed on 2X2 Nash coordination games on a two-dimensional lattice. Players imitate the most successful player in their reference group (Moore neighborhood) in the former period. Similarly individual pay-o is only dened by the current strategic choice of this reference group. We observe that the long-term convention is defined by a trade-off between risk and efficiency and that player population converges to the Pareto dominant though risk inferior convention for a broad range of pay-off congurations. In the case of two player populations, the long-term convention is defined by the equilibrium granting the highest benet to one population. Consequently, conventions illustrate a tendency to be inegalitarian.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and related medical treatment cost of the noninvasive ventilation at home in patients,w ho suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD),during the stable phase in2 years. Methods The patients w ith COPD and type Ⅱ respiratory failure,w ho w ere discharged from the Emergency ICU from January 2007 to December 2010 in our hospital,w ere divided into NIV group( n = 25) and control group( n =37) according to the use of noninvasive ventilation at home. The readmission rate,intubation rate,mortality in 2 years after discharging w ere follow ed up. The blood gas analysis,pulmonary function,dyspnea score and supplement muscle score at half a year,1 year and 2 year time points,and the treatment cost in 2 years w ere compared. Results The readmission rate,intubation rate,mortality in NIV group w ere low er than those of control group( P 0. 05). There w ere significant differences in PCO2and PO2betw een the tw o groups( P 0. 05). FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC w ere improved more significantly in NIV group than those of control group( P 0. 05). The medical treatment cost w as reduced in NIV group. Conclusion Intermittent NIV at home during the stable phase of COPD can improve pulmonary function and the quality of life of COPD patients w ith respiratory failure,and reduce the medical treatment cost. Therefore,the noninvasive ventilation at home is w orth spreading in patients w ith COPD and respiratory failure.