Nowak's1 idea, that in the growth of the bacillus subtilis in an enclosed vessel an appreciable amount of oxygen is used, thereby bringing about a condition of partial anaerobiosis which in turn favors the growth of certain organisms, is founded on solid reasoning. In following Nowak's line of thought, numerous methods have been adopted which have met with more or less success. One method that commands attention is the placing of nutrient agar-agar in the bottom of a mason jar, sterilizing and then slanting it. After streaking the surface with the bacillus subtilis, agar slants, previously inoculated with suspected (abortion) material, are placed in the jar, which is then tightly sealed. The jar with its contents is incubated at 370 C. for varying lengths of time. The one objection to this expedient, however, is that the time required for initial growth varies from three to ten days and in the larger number of cases from seven to ten days. To obviate the necessity of such delay in obtaining the results sought the following method was conceived:


Soy sauce is one of the main spices in China for its good taste and high nutritional value. Its security problem is of concern. In the manufacturing process of soy sauce,the trace amount of harmful substances is inevitably produced,including chlorine propanol,urethane,and fungal toxin and so on. The origins,harms and determination methods of the harmful substances are summarized in this paper.


Biochar presents the biochar whereby its use focuses on soil improver, known also as a biomaterial-derived product, resulting from decomposition of biomass in an oxygen-free or pyrolysis environment. This study observes the effect of the biochar amendment against pH and activity of soil microorganism. Bacterial identification has been carried out using standards applied in the Indonesian Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (ICBB) laboratory. The result showed that the increase in the activity of soil microorganisms increased 3-fold compared to controls. References survey were conducted to show the benefits of biochar amendment: seedling growth, increased agricultural commodities and carbon offsets.


People with serious chronic conditions potentially have higher risk of severe illness with COVID-19. Here we examine the relationship between COVID-19 hospitalization and death and the following comorbidities: hypertension, diabetes, immunocompromise, cancer, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease/stroke, valve disorder, vascular disease, congenital heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, and moderate/severe asthma. Our analysis complements a recent study in the UK that examined the relationship between a similar set of comorbidities and risk of death among COVID-19 patients.


This study aims to determine the parameters measuring the reduction rate of the organic matter during fermentation and its bio-availability after maturation of the compost made using fermentable fractions of household waste. Thus, a physico-chemical characterization of the raw leachate and the leachate treated with lime and caustic soda was carried out. The results showed that, the contents of the other parameters measured are higher for the raw leachate compared to those obtained for the treated leachate. Organic and inorganic pollution is reflected by high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), absorbance at 254 nm, turbidity and suspended matter. The COD values in the raw leachate Original Research Article Kolédzi et al.; ARRB, 36(2): 117-126, 2021; Article no.ARRB.66857 118 vary between 13000 and 19150 mg/O2/L; those of the absorbance at 254 nm between 30.5 and 34.15 OD; those of turbidity between 156 and 255 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) and those of suspended matter between 48 and 1600 mg/L. In the treated leachate, the COD values oscillate between 4489 and 8743 mg/O2/L; those of the absorbance at 254 nm between 6.69 and 31.1 OD; those of turbidity between 57.8 and 122 NTU and those of suspended matter between 70 and 92 mg. These results reflect a good reduction after treatment with lime and soda.


The IntFOLD‐TS method was developed according to the guiding principle that the model quality assessment (QA) would be the most critical stage for our template‐based modeling pipeline. Thus, the IntFOLD‐TS method firstly generates numerous alternate models, using in‐house versions of several different sequence‐structure alignment methods, which are then ranked in terms of global quality using our top performing QA method—ModFOLDclust2. In addition to the predicted global quality scores, the predictions of local errors are also provided in the resulting coordinate files, using scores that represent the predicted deviation of each residue in the model from the equivalent residue in the native structure. The IntFOLD‐TS method was found to generate high quality 3D models for many of the CASP9 targets, whilst also providing highly accurate predictions of their per‐residue errors. This important information may help to make the 3D models that are produced by the IntFOLD‐TS method more useful for guiding future experimental work. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Background: Transhiatal oesophagectomy is associated with peri and postoperative blood loss. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing peri and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing transhiatal oesophagectomy. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 patients, who underwent elective transhiatal oesophagectomy were studied. They were divided into two groups. In the study group of 40, tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg intravenous was given before starting intra thoracic dissection and the control group did not receive tranexamic acid. Intra and post-operative blood loss, operation time, transfusion of blood products, preand post-operative haemoglobin, number of days of hospitalisation and in hospital mortality was studied for both groups. Results: Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the volume of blood loss during the surgery when compared with the control group. Considering the duration of operation and the treatment groups only, the mean total blood loss in the control group was more than that in the tranexamic acid group. There was no difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups. Conclusion: The prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid has effectively reduced the blood loss and transfusion needs during transhiatal oesophagectomy without any adverse effects or complication of thrombosis.


Life table studies of Plutella xylostella revealed that the larvae fed on Gibberalic acid (GA3) + Pseudomonas fluorescens treated cauliflower leaves had a gross reproductive rate (GRR) of 89 and 86.4 female eggs per female on the untreated and treated leaves, respectively. The value of net reproductive rate (Ro) was 69.54 and 61.05 indicating that P. xylostella multiply 69.54 and 61.05 times on the untreated and treated leaves in the generation time (T) of 24.37 and 25.69 days, respectively. The species had an intrinsic rate of natural increase of 0.17 and 0.15 females per day on untreated and treated leaves with a daily finite rate of increase (λ) of 1.19 and 1.17 females per day, the population would multiply 3.38 and 3.06 times every week. The doubling time (DT) of the population was 4.01 days on untreated and 4.34 days on treated cauliflower leaves.


ABSTRACT Traditional notch flexure hinges have been widely used in precision engineering, but the lumped notch configuration limits the range of motion. This article presents a synthesis method for designing flexure hinges with distributed configurations using topology optimization. In order to obtain a distributed configuration, an optimization model for the topology optimization of a distributed flexure hinge is developed first. The objective is to maximize the bending displacement while minimizing the axial displacement. The constraint for accomplishing the symmetry requirement is presented. Then flexure hinges having the desired performance are designed on the basis of a distributed configuration. In particular, this work offers optimization models for designing flexure hinges with prescribed compliances and with minimal parasitic motion. This method is implemented based on the popular Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method, and a number of numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The results of the examples demonstrate that the flexure hinges obtained have distributed configurations and the desired performances (prescribed compliances or minimal parasitic motion).


4555 Background: Patients (pts) with biochemical (PSA) relapse after RP represent a rapidly rising population in whom appropriate standards of care remain undefined. Over the past several years we have focused on studying the natural history of these pts. Our previous report (Pound et al; JAMA 1999) suggests that the Gleason score, time of PSA relapse (>0.2 ng/ml) and PSADT are the strongest predictors of the probability of distant metastasis (DM) (Cox model). A recent update (Partin; AUA 2003, Eisenberger; ASCO 2003) suggests that PSADT overrides the other parameters in the prediction of DM. Our experience has been expanded (> 1000 additional pts and longer follow-up). We evaluate the relationship between PSADT and PCSS.

METHODS
4,415 pts underwent a RP from 1982-2003 and 825 demonstrated evidence of PSA relapse. All pts were followed with yearly PSAs with no androgen deprivation given until development of DM. Cox-proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were completed with time from PSA relapse to censoring (last follow-up) or death used as endpoint.

RESULTS
825/4,415 demonstrated PSA relapse (mean time 8.4yrs), 170/825(20.6%) developed DM and 109/825(13%) have died of prostate cancer (PCa). PSADT was calculated on 411 pts (mean 9 PSAs /pt, range 2-33), ROC-AUC for PSADT prediction of PCSS was 0.77. [Figure: see text] Conclusions: PSADT is a potent predictor of the probability of DM and PCSS. Pts with PSADT ≤10 mos. are at significant risk for developing DM and dying of PCa. In this group, clinical trials should evaluate progression-free and overall survival with aggressive approaches. Pts with PSADT of >10 mos. may be observed or treated to delay onset of DM. (Supported by CAPCURE). No significant financial relationships to disclose.


This study reports on the preparation and characterization of porous clay heterostructures (PCH) as a high-surface-area support for CuO–CeO2 based catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in excess of H2 (CO-PROX). After pillaring the montmorillonite clay with silica (Si-PCH) and silica-zirconia (SiZr-PCH), the Cu-Ce active phase was loaded by incipient wet impregnation setting the cerium amount constant (20 wt%) and investigating three different copper loadings (3, 6 and 12 wt%). The use of pillars of silica or silica-zirconia inserted in the interlayer space of a natural clay provides a high surface area support that can favor the dispersion of both CuO and CeO2 active phases, leading to the formation of a high amount of copper-ceria interfacial sites, responsible for a very high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction. The results obtained from characterization of the materials by XRD, N2 physisorption, H2-TPR, XPS and CO2-TPD suggest that this synthesis method gives rise to catalysts with copper species highly active and selective for the CO-PROX reaction. The catalysts exhibit high CO conversion values and the sample with 6 wt% of copper on Si-PCH displays very good performances, comparable to those based on precious metal catalysts, even at low


1. Transboundary Water Management in Latin America: Personal Reflections Asit K. Biswas 2. Governance of Transboundary Aquifers: Balancing Efficiency, Equity and Sustainability David B. Brooks and Jamie Linton 3. The Guarani Aquifer: From Knowledge to Water Management Luiz Amore 4. Transboundary Water Management of the Amazon Basin B. Braga, P. Varella and H. Goncalves 5. International Agreements, Institutions and Projects in La Plata River Basin Victor Pochat 6. The La Plata Basin System against the Background of Other Basin Organizations Lilian del Castillo 7. Pilcomayo River Basin Institutional Structure Claudio Laboranti 8. Transboundary Water Management in Venezuela Juan Carlos Sainz-Borgo 9. The US - Mexico Border: Conflict and Co-operation in Water Management Vicente Sanchez-Munguia 10. The Silala/Siloli Watershed: Dispute over the Most Vulnerable Basin in South America B. M. Mulligan and G. E. Eckstein


The Covid-19 pandemic presents considerable challenges for maternal and newborn health services, resulting in a decrease in postpartum and neonatal visits. Data on postpartum and neonatal visits at the Martbung Health Center has decreased since the Covid-19 outbreak. To analyze the factors that influence postpartum and neonatal visits during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This type of research is a mix method research. The total population is 34 people and all of them are used as samples. There were 10 research informants. Qualitative data analysis was carried out by means of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Results: Qualitatively, mothers have poor knowledge because they do not get health information about postpartum visits, have low education (SD/SMP), have just had their first child. Anxiety postpartum mothers are afraid of contracting Covid-19 because the virus spreads very quickly, postpartum mothers and babies are vulnerable to infection because their bodies are recovering. Postpartum mothers do not agree with the health protocol rules because they find it difficult to breathe using a mask. Postpartum and neonatal visits during the Covid-19 pandemic were influenced by knowledge, anxiety, and health protocol rules. It is recommended that village midwives carry out continuous counseling and intensify home visits during the Covid-19 pandemic so that the target for postpartum and neonatal visits is achieved.


The use of fly ash for the improvement of the characteristics of the excess sludge from pure terephthalic acid(PTA) chemical wastewater was studied, the optimal dosage(mass ratio) of flocculant PAM, fly ash and dry sludge was determined through the test, which was 1 ∶ 125 ∶ 300, the flocculation sediment performance of the sludge and the effect of it on flocculation aid in belt-filter press were improved. The conclusion of the test was validated by the results of the production operation as follows: the sludge sedimentation ratio in 30 min was reduced from 98% to 40%, the mass concentration of the concentrated sludge was enhanced from 5 g/L to 25 g/L, the mass concentration of CODCr of the supernatant liquid was reduced from 1 500 - 2 000 to about 200 mg/L, the water content of the sludge cake does not exceed 85%,the sludge production capacity was increased from 30 - 50 kg/h to 1 000 kg/h.


In order to investigate the tolerance ability of tobacco seedling to temperature, the field and indoor simulation experiments were conducted to determine the suitable crevasse temperature. The results showed that, the temperature under film was higher about 10 ℃ than outside before crevasse, and survival ratio of tobacco seedlings long-term exposed above 45 ℃was decreased significantly, also the growth period of seedlings was delayed. After transplanting 35 d, the plant height, stem girth and leaf area index of tobacco seedlings which didn 't crevasse were significantly lower than 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ treatments,moreover, the yield and output value were about 83% to 40 ℃ crevasse treatment. The total sugar content in tobacco leaf crevassing timely was slightly higher, sugar nicotine ratio was appropriate, and the sensory score was slightly higher than other treatments. There was no obviously difference between 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ crevasse treatment as a whole. Therefore, when the temperature under film exceeded 45 ℃, the membrane should be crevassed timely to avoid high temperature burn of tobacco seedling.


Direct-tissue culturing was used to isolate and culture rat epidermal stem cells.Then,observe the appearance of the culturing cells,and the expression of CK15,P63 and α6-integrin in ESCs were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.By the way,the ESCs marked by α6-integrin were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Meanwhile,the growth curve of epidermal stem cells was also detected.We could isolate,purify and culture rat epidermal stem cells successfully by direct-tissue culturing method and these cells grew well.Immuno-histochemistry staining showed that CK15,P63 and α6-integrin were strongly expressed in the cultured epidermal stem cells.According to the flow cytometry,the probability of sticky cells marked by α6-integrin was 80%,while the probability of unsticky cells marked by α6-integrin was only 2%.


At a time of the year when female golden perch Macquaria ambigua are not normally reproductively active, they were either fed daily to satiety (Fed), starved for 150 days (S150), or starved for 150 days then fed to satiety for 30 or 60 days (S150/F30 or S150/F60). Fish showed rapid growth and increased food conversion efficiency upon re-feeding relative to Fed animals. The hepatosomatic indices were not significantly different between Fed, S150/F30 and S150/F60 groups, but were significantly reduced in S150 animals. The gonadosomatic indices (IG) for both Fed and S150 animals were not significantly different. However, the IG values for S150/F30 and S150/F60 animals of 6·74±1·22 and 7·84±1·12 were significantly elevated relative to Fed animals and approach those described for wild mature M. ambigua. Oocyte development in Fed and S150 animals did not proceed past the cortical alveoli or perinucleolar stages, respectively, but oocytes in both S150/F30 and S150/F60 animals had undergone vitellogenesis and were close to being mature. The concentration of oestradiol and testosterone in the plasma of S150/F30 and S150/F60 animals increased in accordance with the proposed role of these hormones in teleost reproductive cycles. The reproductive response of M. ambigua to starvation and re-feeding is well suited to reproductive success in temperate Australian rivers where food availability is unpredictable.


11 each nation-group, using the same economic and decision-making subroutines, but with characteristically different parameters, solves international military and political &dquo;problems&dquo; in its conflict region by altering its goals, by taking military or psychological action, by seeking extra-regional trade and aid relationships in exchange for political support, and by bargaining with the enemy. Balanced off against international problems are domestic demands for consumption, investment and growth in various sectors of the economy. As Basic Capability Units are a fundamental means of transaction in the Inter-


This study was carried out to develop a rapid and simultaneous detection system of chromosome Y‐ and 1‐bearing porcine spermatozoa by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosome Y‐ and 1‐specific DNA probes were produced by polymerase chain reaction with digoxigenin (Dig)‐ or biotin‐dUTP. The hybridization probe mixture of labeled Y‐chromosome and chromosome 1‐specific DNA was applied to the preparation, immediately denatured at 75°C for 8 min, hybridized for 5 min at 37°C and overall FISH steps were done within a few hours. When double FISH with Dig‐labeled chromosome Y‐specific and biotin‐labeled chromosome 1‐specific probes was applied to sperm nuclei pretreated with dithiothreitol, the average of 50.9% of sperm nuclei had the Dig‐signal, 99.2% of the sperm nuclei had the biotin‐signal and the average of 0.3% of sperm nuclei showed no signal. The putative rate of Y‐bearing spermatozoa ranged from 49.8% to 52.8% among 5 boars and the average putative rate of Y‐bearing spermatozoa was 51.0%. The results indicated that a rapid and simultaneous FISH with chromosome Y‐ and 1‐specific porcine DNA probes produced by PCR made possible more accurate assessment of Y‐bearing porcine spermatozoa. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Stroke is an important cause of disability and there is no generally accepted method for rehabilitation of stroke survivors. Repeated practice of motor activity will enhance the sensory-motor cortex activity and the TENS is the one way to maximize that sensory input in stroke patients. A 53 year old female was the subject of this case study, who had walking impairment and spasticity in right lower limb. The treatment included 6 weeks of intervention in which TENS was applied over 4 acupoints followed by TRT exercise protocol. Before and after intervention, spasticity was measured by MAS; functional mobility was measured by TUG test and DGI. The findings of this case study showed that there was reduction in spasticity by application of TENS along with TRT and relative improvement in functional mobility up to follow-up.


We are considering a possibility for detecting nonperturbative effect in process of top pair production in association with a high [Formula: see text] photon. Starting from previous results on two solutions for a spontaneous generation of an effective interaction of a top pair with a pair of electroweak bosons, we show that a solution with effective cutoff [Formula: see text] is already contradicting to the existing data, while the other one with [Formula: see text] (just the Planck scale) could be reconciled with data and give predictions for process [Formula: see text], which could be effectively checked at the LHC with [Formula: see text]. The confirmation of the predictions would mean a strong support for the existence of nonperturbative effects in the electroweak interaction.


The first part of this thesis concerns perfect matchings and their generalisations. We determine the minimum vertex degree that ensures a perfect matching in a 3-uniform hypergraph, thereby answering a question of Han, Person and Schacht. We say that a graph \(G\) has a perfect \(H\)-packing (also called an \(H\) - factor) if there exists a set of disjoint copies of \(H\) in \(G\) which together cover all the vertices of \(G\). Given a graph \(H\), we determine, asymptotically, the Ore-type degree condition which ensures that a graph \(G\) has a perfect \(H\)-packing. The second part of the thesis concerns Hamilton cycles in directed graphs. We give a condition on the degree sequences of a digraph \(G\) that ensures \(G\) is Hamiltonian. This gives an approximate solution to a problem of Nash-Williams concerning a digraph analogue of Chvatal's theorem. We also show that every sufficiently large regular tournament can almost completely be decomposed into edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. More precisely, for each \(\eta\) >0 every regular tournament \(G\) of sufficiently large order n contains at least (1/2- \(\eta\))n edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. This gives an approximate solution to a conjecture of Kelly from 1968.


Playing with Figures of Collective Memory in Artistic Work. Issues in Memory LinguisticsThe article presents an ethnolinguistic analysis of A. Stasiuk's drama Czekając na Turka ('Waiting for the Turk'). Staged in 2009, the play examines figures of communicative and cultural collective memory, to use Jan Assmann's terminology. Particular attention is given to linguistic means of lexical and syntactic archaization of literary text, used to elicit associations with the past images of Turks in Polish and European imagination, and in consequence, to propose an interpretation of an important event in European culture and history at the end of the 20th century: the fall of the Berlin Wall. In comparison with the older concept of antemurale Christianitatis (associated with Ottoman Turks' incursions against European countries), the importance of the modern, current concept is reduced.


Robert D. Holmstedt / Aaron Schade (Hrsg.): Linguistic Studies in Phoenician. In Memory of J. Brian Peckham. Winona Lake (Ind.): Eisenbrauns 2013. XIV, 250 S. ISBN 978-1-57506-266-2. $ 44,55: Robert M. Kerr, "Phoenician–Punic: The View Backward – Phonology versus Paleography"; Paul G. Mosca, "The Road Not Taken: An Independent Object Pronoun in Cebel Ires Dagi 7A–7B?"; Na'ama Pat-El, "On Negation in Phoenician"; Philip C. Schmitz, "The Phoenician Words mskb and ʿrr in the Royal Inscription of Kulamuwa (KAI 24.14–15) and the Body Language of Peripheral Politics"; Robert D. Holmstedt, "The Syntax and Pragmatics of Subject Pronouns in Phoenician"; Aaron Schade, "Fronted Word Order in Phoenician Inscriptions"; Andres Piquer Otero, "The 'Narrative Infinitive' in Phoenician and Its Background: A Discourse Analysis Approach"; Holger Gzella, "The Linguistic Position of Old Byblian"; Rebecca Hasselbach, "Phoenician Case in Typological Context"; Dennis Pardee, "A Brief Case for Phoenician as the Language of the 'Gezer Calendar'".


India is presently witnessing rapid ageing of its population. This study tried to explore the nature and extent of communication problems associated with memory impairment due to ageing, which will further bring a new sight to Speech Language Pathologist to implicate in assessment and intervention towards ageing associated problems. Aim of the study was to study the cognition in relation to ageing process, to study the communication in relation to ageing process and to study the cognition and communication in relation to gender. Subjects were selected in two groups with age range of 35 – 40 years (15 males 15 females) and 30 subjects with age range of 65 years and above (15 males 15 females). Mini Mental Status Examination , Stroop test, Discourse Ability Profile were administered on each subject. Results showed that adults had consistently higher mean scores than the elderly. So it is concluded that the cognitive declination in old age may be due to reduction in processing capacity, understanding text, paying attention. Gender differences were seen for processing speed i.e. better response in Female in both groups..


ABSTARCT This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the capacity spectrum method (CSM) in the prediction of seismic demands in comparison with benchmark responses of nonlinear time history analysis at different performance points (PPs) for base-isolated frames. A comprehensive investigation is conducted by considering six response parameters; three types of lead rubber-bearing isolators, namely stiff, medium, and hard, with different stiffnesses; and two reinforced concrete building frames. The study concludes that the CSM predictions are acceptable up to a specific PP consistent with the design-level earthquake for some response parameters and after that they are less reliable.


The investigation reported in this paper was prompted by the lack of information on the reaction behavior of Zircaloy on long-term exposure to fission product environments in the temperature range 573 - 973 K. Small Zircaloy-2 (Zircaloy-2 contains by weight 1.5% Sn; 0.15% Fe; 0.08% Cr; 0.05% Ni; rest Zr) strip specimens (ca. 25mm x 3mm x 0.75 mm thick) were exposed to various simulated fission product environments (Cs, I, Br, Cd, In, Sb, Sn, Se as vapor; all others as powders) for times to 5.4 Ms (1500 h) in the temperature range 673 - 973 K. The reaction behavior was characterized by scanning electron microscopy with an EDAX analyzer, optical metallography, and x-ray diffraction.


Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF [MIM#254900]) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by focal glomerulosclerosis, progressive myoclonus, ataxia or epilepsy, and no intellectual impairment, with onset in adolescence or early adulthood. AMRF is caused by mutations in SCARB2 (MIM#602257), the gene encoding the lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP-2). Mutations in SCARB2 in cases of progressive myoclonus, ataxia, or epilepsy with no renal impairment resembling Unverricht-Lundborg disease (ULD). In this report we describe a new homozygous SCARB2 frameshift mutation in a patient with progressive myoclonus ataxia without renal failure.


In wondering the things that you should do, reading can be a new choice of you in making new things. It's always said that reading will always help you to overcome something to better. Yeah, the journey a new beginning is one that we always offer. Even we share again and again about the books, what's your conception? If you are one of the people love reading as a manner, you can find the journey a new beginning as your reading material.


This study aims to explore the existence of santripreneurals, manage their independent business in contributing to providing welfare to the general public and especially the people around the boarding school. The results of this study prove that organizational culture has an effect on entrepreneurial orientation but has no effect on entrepreneurial performance, while work motivation, entrepreneurial competence, social networks have an effect on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance. Entrepreneurial orientation affects entrepreneurial performance. The results of this study provide an illustration that the existence of santripreneural is very related to the life of the general public and participates in providing welfare to the community around the pesantren to foster the competences and skills possessed by students in meeting their physical and spiritual needs in order to be balanced. The conditions that exist around the pesantren should be encouraging with the presence of genetic students who pursue their business without abandoning the values of honesty as a santri who adhere to the sciences of religion as a way of life. The role of the government is highly expected to support santripreneurals in carrying out their businesses by providing assistance to the management of MSMEs (Medium, Small, and Micro Enterprises), especially their business development methods.


1. A hydraulic cylinder comprising an end cap (1) rod-cavity body (2) of the cylinder, the piston rod (3), the piston (6) and end cap (12) rodless cavity, wherein the end cap (1) has a rod end of the channel ( B) for the oil, and the end cap (12) rodless cavity has a channel (A) for the oil, at etomporshnevoy rod (3) further comprises at least two throttling channel (301a, 301b) for oil and at least two buffer sleeve, wherein said at least two buffers comprise a first buffer bushing sleeve (4) to in the stem cavity and a second buffer sleeve (11) disposed in the rodless cavity, wherein the buffer sleeve (4, 11) are movable axially along the piston rod (3), the first buffer sleeve (4) has a sealing end face (401) and end cap (1) has a sealing rod cavity end face (101) during longitudinal movement of said piston end sealing surface (401) of the first buffer of the sleeve is adapted to sealing contact with the end surface (101) of conc Eve cover (1) rod cavity to form a sealing surface, wherein the hydraulic oil is situated on the part of said sealing surface near the piston, released into the channel (B) for the oil through the throttling passage (301a) for the oil, the second buffer sleeve (11) has sealing end surface (111) and end cap (12) has a rodless cavity sealing end surface (121) during movement of the retractor piston sealing end surface (121) of the second buffer sleeve is configured to contact with


trompeur. This article deals with the problematic exemplarity of 19th century French novels with a prophylactic aim, i.e. novels in which ethics is explicitly linked to the narrative of a disease. This exemplarity is problematic insofar as the behaviour described in the fiction is not a priori the behaviour to be followed outside the fiction. This tension between novel finality and ethical finality also overlaps with one of the major challenges facing the novel in the nineteenth century: proving its capacity to produce and transmit knowledge that is in touch with reality, despite the traditional accusations that it is a deceptive art form.


Trigeneration systems allow for an efficient way of consuming fossil fuels and therefore utilisation of such systems is amongst the adopted measures to address environmental issues. Carbon pricing was introduced in Australia in July 2012 and subsequently repealed by the newly elected government due to its questionable effectiveness. In this paper, a thermo-economic methodology was developed to attempt to provide an insight into the optimisation and economics of small and medium scale turbine-based trigeneration systems under three environmental policies through the application of two case studies. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed. The results indicate that carbon pricing is a sound policy to make the installation of small scale trigeneration systems economically favourable. All medium scale trigeneration systems in the study were uneconomical, although the system was marginally (1%) more profitable under the new policy than under carbon pricing. It was also observed policy concerning feed-in tariffs should be revised.


Most definitions of ontology, viewed as a "specification of a conceptualization", agree on the fact that if an ontology can take different forms, it necessarily includes a vocabulary of terms and some specification of their meaning in relation to the domain's conceptualization. And as domain knowledge is mainly conveyed through scientific and technical texts, we can hope to extract some useful information from them for building ontology. But is it as simple as this? In this article we shall see that the lexical structure, i.e. the network of words linked by linguistic relationships, does not necessarily match the domain conceptualization. We have to bear in mind that writing documents is the concern of textual linguistics, of which one of the principles is the incompleteness of text, whereas building ontology - viewed as task-independent knowledge - is concerned with conceptualization based on formal and not natural languages. Nevertheless, the famous Sapir and Whorf hypothesis, concerning the interdependence of thought and language, is also applicable to formal languages. This means that the way an ontology is built and a concept is defined depends directly on the formal language which is used; and the results will not be the same. The introduction of the notion of ontoterminology allows to take into account epistemological principles for formal ontology building.


This paper described the study of RTK technology in the mining area mapping,Introduced RTK technology and its error analysis,and hope to be helpful for future work.


Nowadays systematic reviews are often part of academic research because through it one can identify, validate and interpret all relevant literature to a particular research question, topic or phenomenon of interest with scientific rigor and in a repeatable and well documented manner. While at first it was mostly used in the health sciences, it is beind used more and more in information Systems research as well. However, some repetitive and time consuming tasks have to be done by hand because they are not yet covered by computational aid tools. In this context, we developed JustReview, a free and open-source tool that aids the process of systematic review by facilitating and automating recurring tasks, particularly the search and download of papers from online databases and the application of criteria to accept or reject these papers, as well as the generation of documentation. This paper presents JustReview and a case study of its use.


Table 1 contains the final sunspot-numbers for 1946 for the whole disk of the Sun, based on observations made at the Zurich Observatory, supplemented by series furnished by other cooperating observatories. Table 2 gives the number of spot-groups on each day for the year 1946. The yearly mean of the group-numbers is 7.8. The yearly mean of the relative-numbers is 92.6, against 33.2 in 1945.


A number of sinusoidal oscillators using current differencing buffered amplifiers (CDBAs) have been reported in the literature. However, only three of them are canonic quadrature oscillators (i.e., requiring two capacitors). The aim of this letter is to present additional realizations of single/dual-resistance-controlled quadrature oscillators using CDBAs. Four voltage-mode quadrature oscillators are proposed, which provide the following advantageous features: (i) use of reduced and canonic component count, viz. two CDBAs, three/four resistors and two capacitors, (ii) all passive components are grounded or virtually grounded, which is favorable from integration point of view and (iii) independent and non-interactive resistor control of the condition of oscillation (CO) and the frequency of oscillation (FO). Simulation results verifying the workability of the proposed circuits have been included.


This paper addresses the analysis of inverse kinematics, forward kinematics solutions and working space determination for the 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel manipulator with the S-P-R (Spherical-Prismatic-Revolute) joint structure. An effective approach is developed for the solution of inverse kinematics task in analytical form for given end-effector position. A method for working space determination which uses numerical solution of forward kinematics task is presented.


This chapter discusses the nature of International and Comparative Education in East and South East Asia through the different organizations, networks, and programs formed to cater to the field. It gives an overview of the existing networks in international and comparative education, related activities, and studies instituted to strengthen the field in the region. Given the more developed network in East Asia, this chapter also highlights the increasing importance of international and comparative education in South East Asia, through the broader base of objectives also defined in the Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) Economic Community (AEC) of 2015. Opportunities and policy reorientations (in education) set to present and utilize the field in both regions are also examined.


Designing a key management scheme for secure group communication is a challenging task. There are several tree based and non-tree based group key management schemes. In the existing non-tree based group key management schemes, the rekeying and storage costs are mostly in linear with the number of members in the group. Also, in some of the efficient tree-based group key management schemes, the rekeying and storage cost is a function of the number of group users. We propose a rekey efficient centralized group key management scheme in which communication, storage and computation costs are constant. In the proposed scheme, each user has to store only two keys. We compare the proposed scheme with some of the existing tree and non-tree based group key management schemes and show that the proposed scheme is rekey and storage efficient.


Hyperbilirubinemia represents the main clinical consequence of G6PD deficiency. In this regard, some studies indicate that neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is generally determined by impaired liver metabolism of unconjugated bilirubin, rather than by the increased hemolysis [1,2]. Nevertheless, when PK deficiency is present, the pathogenesis of the neonatal jaundice can become more evident, particularly in PKdeficient newborns, inwhomhemolysis represents the main mechanism contributing to severe hyperbilirubinemia [3]. We report a case of a neonate male, born full term to nonconsanguineous Italian couple. At birth, total serum bilirubin (TSB) was 185mmol/L (unconjugated form: >90%), following a pathological neonatal trend (24/250, 48/315, 72/316, 96/205, 120/124, 144/85, and 168 hr/81mmol/L). For this reason, he was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for clinical and biochemical evaluations. The patient was treated with phototherapy for 4 days. Laboratory biochemical assays firstly showed a severe G6PD deficiency, while PK activity resulted as close to the lowest value of the normal range. All biochemical liver markers were within the normal range, while the reticulocyte count was 4%: since the typical causes of neonatal jaundice (ABO and Rh incompatibility, dehydration, septicemia, and intracranial hemorrhage) were excluded, the suspicion of acute or chronic hemolytic anemia (CHA) was investigated. As laboratory assays continued to be consistent with persistent hyperbilirubinemia (116mmol/L) even when the child was 3 years old, G6PD and PK genes sequencing was performed [4–5]. Genetic and biochemical results of the proband and his family are shown in Table I. Since CHA mainly depends on both type and position of the mutation affecting the PK-LR gene, we assumed that mild CNSHA found in the patient was related to PK-LR genotype. In fact, while p.L76HfsX1 is one of the most deleterious PK mutations reported so far [6], the p.R486W mutation is associated with a mild phenotype [7]. Considering the PK activity found in the patient, we confirm data previously published by Zanella et al. [7]. Furthermore, in order to better understand the behavior of TSB assayed in the patient, we also performed direct sequencing of the uridine-50diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene promoter, along with the whole coding region. The UGT1A1 promoter sequencing identified the 7/7(TA)TAA genotype typical of Gilbert syndrome, while the second molecular test identified a nonsense nucleotide substitution (c.C1582T) in exon 5 (p.R523X). The arginine 523 is part of a group of highly conserved and charged amino acids residues [8]. In particular, while 17 hydrophobic amino acid residues appear to be embedded in the membrane, the carboxyterminal distal segment of 26 amino acids, exposed in the cytoplasm, contains an high proportion of basic residues. These


BACKGROUND: The definition and parameters of the ketogenic diet are not universal. Consistency of terms, type of diet and measurement of ketones need to be defined. These therapies and the parameters have been well established in the nutrition and neurology literature, but require standardization if ketosis is going to be evaluated as an oncologic therapy. METHODS: Comparison of ketogenic diets to other modified diets that are commonly thought of as ketogenic diets includes the following: Classic Ketogenic Diet (KD), Medium Chain Triglyceride oil diet (MCT), Low Glycemic Index Therapy (LGIT), Modified Atkins (MAD and Atkins (AD) diets and the biological parameters for monitoring ketosis (labs, including blood and or urine ketones). RESULTS: Comparison graphics for the KD, MCT, LGIT, MAD and AD will be presented and will include the following: Proportions of fat, protein and carbohydrate in each type of diet; how foods are measured, whether calories are controlled; presence of blood and urine ketones reported for each diet; and one sample day of each diet. CONCLUSIONS: Ketogenic diet therapies (KD, MCT, LGIT, MAD, and AD) are complicated and different from the public's thinking of a healthy diet for cancer. Individual patient's response and compliance with different diets vary. Without consensus about what constitutes a ketogenic diet and twice daily measurements of blood ketones to ensure the state of ketosis is maintained, metabolic changes cannot be documented. Since the purpose of this therapy is to induce the state of ketosis, the type of ketogenic diet used must actually promote ketone formation and be monitored. Without those key elements, comparisons between trials cannot be achieved and the value of the ketogenic diet as an anticancer treatment will remain an unanswered question.


In this paper,supposed that the stock price changes are controlled by Markov chain,market behavior of investors with different sentiment are examined.A Model about mechanism of effects of investor sentiment on stock price trend is presented.Two basic modes of stock price trend are given,and then momentum effect and reversal effect in real world are explained by using the two basic modes.


The invention relates to a vibration attenuation structure and a vibration attenuation method for a pulsator washing machine and the pulsator washing machine. The vibration attenuation structure comprises a balancing ring installed on the periphery of an opening end of a dewatering cylinder, and is characterized in that the vibration attenuation structure further comprises a weight used for reducing inherent frequencies of shake of the dewatering cylinder, and the weight is arranged inside the balancing ring or on the top of the dewatering cylinder. According to the vibration attenuation structure and the vibration attenuation method for the pulsator washing machine and the pulsator washing machine, the inherent frequencies and amplitudes of the shake of the dewatering cylinder when the washing machine works are reduced through the weight arranged inside the balancing ring or on the top of the dewatering cylinder, and therefore the balancing ring can play a role quickly and the problems of large shake of the dewatering cylinder and tank striking and shifting are effectively solved.


In contrast to high-carbon economy, low-carbon economy is characterized by low consumption, low emissions and low pollution, so it is the most sustainable economic development model, the essence of which is changing energy use, improving energy efficiency and optimizing the energy structure through technological progress and institutional innovation. Optimization of energy structure is the key to low-carbon economy. In this paper, we summarized the main influence factors of primary energy consumption structure by reviewing the document records. The factors include energy consumption constraint, carbon emissions constraint, total population, industrial structure and GDP. At the same time, we calculated the total, direct as well as indirect impacts of each influence factor on the energy consumption structure by path analysis and then got the influence mechanism. The results indicate that energy consumption constraint and GDP growth are the main driving factors for the optimization of energy structure. However, with the extensive economic growth, low-level production technology, strong dependence on energy consumption, the carbon emissions constraint and GDP growth have inhibition effect on the optimization of energy consumption structure when the carbon intensity and energy consumption intensity remain unchanged. Based on this, the paper has constructed a predictive model of primary energy consumption structure by eliminating the multicollinearity of each factor with ridge regression method. By analyzing the government's expectation of energy consumption constraint (3.498~5.246 billion tce), total population (1.45 billion) and GDP (19230 billion yuan) in 2020, we got the conclusion that energy consumption and carbon emission should be reduced with the growth of GDP and the proportion of coal consumption should be reduced to 65.99%~66.72% to achieve the goal of low-carbon economy in 2020. Therefore, improvement of energy efficiency is of great necessarity. On the one hand, we need to accelerate the transition of economic growth to the development mode of low-carbon economy, attach great importance to high-tech industries and upgrade the economic structure and industrial structure; on the other hand, we should increase the proportion of high value-added industries, pay attention to intellectual property rights and foster well-known brands.


Modeling is an important method of research in almost all branches of modern science, it is based on any method of research. By modeling we mean the study of a phenomenon, process or object (system objects) by constructing and studying their models. Under the model we mean any image (picture or description) of any object, process or phenomenon is used as his «deputy» ( «Representative»). In mathematics, model any collection of abstract objects whose properties and relationships that satisfy the system of axioms, taken before the creation of the model.


In today's Swedish upper secondary school it is probable that EFL teachers encounter crosscurricular collaboration projects. That is, projects where another subject/other subjects in addition to English are supposed to be incorporated. Research, as well as the Swedish curriculum, show that the interest in this field has been elevated in recent years. This study sets out to shed some light on how Swedish EFL teachers reason about cross-curricular collaboration. In order to do so, the theory behind the study is phenomenography. What benefits, drawbacks and preconditions do EFL teachers think that cross-curricular collaboration entails? Six EFL teachers have been interviewed, using a semi-structured interview guide. In accordance with phenomenography the results are divided into categories found during the analysis. The categories found were: time, structure, creating context, and collegial collaboration. The results are discussed in relation to the research questions and previous research. The results show that the study is aligned with previous research which also shows that there are drawbacks to consider, benefits to reap but plenty of preconditions to bear in mind when engaging in a cross-curricular collaboration project as an EFL teacher in Sweden. Moreover, results show that teachers with more experience of cross-curricular collaboration find it more beneficial. Finally, suggestions for further research are put forth.


With forty sessions, more than three hundred papers and three "blockbuster" keynotes, the Annual Conference for Art History and Visual Culture co-hosted by the Courtauld Institute of Art and King's College, London on 5–7 April 2018 was the biggest the Association of Art Historians (AAH) has mounted to date. Bringing together researchers in all aspects of art history and visual culture, including film, craft and performance, the three intensely packed days offered something for everybody, and more besides. There were sessions on what we commonly think of as "art history"—discussions of portraiture, medieval and early modern art, techniques of painting and so on; but there were also panels on film, music, performance and even medicine. The proximity of the events to the treasures of the Courtauld Gallery, exhibitions of contemporary work in the Somerset House galleries, and an exhibition on The Classical Now in King's College ensured a variety of activities, and invaluable spaces for both discussion and reflection.


The replication of a successful template across different locations is the main form of growth for multi-unit organizations such as McDonalds, Ikea or Starbucks. While the individual units of such ...


FCCJ series of full length video interviews on the topic of writing Connie May Fowler, author of Sugar Cage and River of Hidden Dreams, discusses using writing to cope with her difficult early life, comments on her writing process and research obstacles. She also speaks about her Cherokee Grandmother's storytelling...


The Department of Fisheries and Oceans and JASCO deployed an AMARs sound data recorder in Great Slave Lake near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, between December 2009 and March 2010. One of the objectives of these recordings was to provide long‐term ambient noise measurements in a large frozen lake near a major urban center. A recent study reported spot‐measurements of under‐ice noise in a subarctic lake from anthropogenic activity raising the sound levels up to 46 dB above ambient, and 10‐h average ambient levels that were very low (spectral density levels of ∼45 dB re 1 μPa). The current Great Slave Lake data provide the opportunity to determine the long‐term baseline of under‐ice sound levels and how anthropogenic activity, such as air and ice‐road traffic, adjacent to the study site affects the ambient levels and how these sounds may impact aquatic biota. Regressions of the ambient levels against wind speed and temperature are also discussed.


This paper presents an approach to design and develop a VLSI system for the simultaneous logic and IDDQ testing of CMOS ICs with mixed-mode testing facility for sequential circuits. The work involves the design of an interfacing unit on PCB containing interfacing circuits for parallel data exchange between a test processor and a microcomputer. This allows IDDQ measurement for every vector used for logic testing, performing logic testing simultaneously, providing a promising IDDQ fault coverage and reducing substantially the time and cost of testing. Three basic test development strategies are considered. They are functional test development, structural test development and physical defect test development. Mixed-mode testing facility is adopted to enhance the performance and reduce the testing time.


The present invention provides a piston washer (1, 51) for a drug delivery device, the piston washer (1, 51) comprising a central portion (2, 72) arranged about a centre axis, a peripheral portion (3, 73), and an axially pliable structure (8, 78) connecting the central portion (2, 72) and the peripheral portion (3, 73). The axially pliable structure (8, 78) is preconfigured to undergo permanent deformation in response to a difference between a first resultant force acting on the peripheral portion (3, 73) and a second resultant force acting on the central portion (2, 72) exceeding a threshold level. The piston washer (1, 51) is configured to transition permanently by deformation of the axially pliable structure (8, 78) from a first state in which the central portion (2, 72) and the peripheral portion (3, 73) are physically connected and assume a first relative axial position to a second state in which the central portion (2, 72) and the peripheral portion (3, 73) are physically connected and assume a second relative axial position in response to the difference between the first resultant force and the second resultant force transiently exceeding the threshold level.


This research aims to make a biokinematical analysis for Mai-Mawashi-Geri skill from a static position in two different levels of the competitor's body (the abdomen area and the face area). This is done by using the motion analysis and the electromyography measurements of the lower limb which constitute some of the essential muscles that perform the skill. In doing so, the relationship that occurs during the analysis and the measurements is discovered. One player from the Egyptian national team was chosen as a sample for the study. It was essential to use the motion analysis and its relationship to the electromyography in order to understand all the movements and thus arrive to the optimal performance.


The present invention is directed to the use of chemosensitising compounds, in particular thioxanthene derivatives and phenothiazine derivatives, for treatment of infectious diseases in combination with an anti-infective agent. The invention furthermore relates to compositions comprising said chemosensitising compounds and anti-infective agents.


Human vision is remarkably well-adapted to object and action recognition tasks. Without any thought, we can identify a given object regardless of its position in our field of vision or its specific orientation. Our visual system isolates characteristics that define a particular object, or even a particular action, while being invariant to noise. Recent literature suggests that at least some of the brain's abilities to process visual cues can be explained by temporal coherence, the principle that signals closer together in time are more similar than those that are not. This idea arises from the observation that while models of vision used in machine learning often use still images as training data, humans learn to recognize objects based on a continuous stream of visual input. This continuous stream encodes not only the appearance of an object at a given moment in time, but also the frequencies of various types of transformations. Importantly, the frequency of a transformation correlates negatively with how important it is for object recognition; this fact may contribute to the formation of invariance in the human visual system [1]. In this project, we extend existing strategies for object recognition with temporal coherence to the task of action recognition in video files. We try to learn, in a completely unsupervised manner, filters that respond differently to different types of actions but are invariant to irrelevant transformations. We evaluate performance of our approach using the benchmark KTH action recognition data set, obtaining 88.7% classification accuracy. Further, we experiment with motion recognition and interactive response map applications. We conclude this document with potential directions for developing this project.


and came very close to appearing satisfied when she let herself see the few Japanese prints on the wall and other little objects about the room. Then she righted herself, not at all concerned with physical appearance, and looked as though she were about to cry. "When I think what they make us do and think, that's really it, what they make us think, I could puke. There are so many people around here with so much energy and there's just no place for them to shunt it. It all builds up inside of them and they seem better off when they just forget everything and go crazy." From far across a grassy meadow and down a gentle slope, over a wide boulevard that might be the dream of students somewhere, of Paris or Brasilia, hulk the concrete towers and low, lugubrious dormitories of still another university. It's a giant plant, The Factory some of them call it, worshipping it, despising it, depending on it, plotting first to own it, then kill it, then wishing, as in a children's storybook, it might all fold up like an accordion and disappear between the covers of great colored shapes and objects, its words and writings trickling down the side of the shelf and off the table, then under the office door to the granite corridors. Vanished. "Good-bye energy of my soul." "Good-bye childhood." "Good-bye anything good." "Hey, little boy, you see anything of me just walk out of here?"


Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a large, multidisciplinary institution that conducts fundamental and applied research in the physical sciences. Research programs at the Laboratory run the gamut from theoretical investigations, to modeling and simulation, to validation through experiment. Over the years, the Laboratory has developed a substantial research component in the areas of signal and image processing to support these activities. This paper surveys some of the current research in signal and image processing at the Laboratory. Of necessity, the paper does not delve deeply into any one research area, but an extensive citation list is provided for further study of the topics presented.


Extension: ScholarWorks will provide a static location for our Best Management Practices (BMP) guide. This material is based on our research and provides recommendations to cranberry farmers so that they can choose practices that optimize production while protecting the environment. This guide is referenced by NRCS in their conservation farm plans, documents used by growers for regulatory compliance and planning. As NRCS moves to virtual plans, they will be able to link to the BMPs on ScholarWorks. [screen shot of BMP page]


Though development communication has been theorized about and practised in African countries since the late 1950s and more so after independence, there has not been a consistent effort to continuously review it in the light of advances in general research on media and communication. One aspect of the communication process which has received attention - and also raised debate and controversy - is the issue of what audiences do with the media products (or texts) which they are exposed to and how far their social and cultural context affects their engagement with media products. For development communicators this aspect is of particular importance since they expect that their messages will influence the audience in some way. In the introductory section this paper argues that there are links between the theories of development, development communication and audience studies. The main body of the paper discusses a study done in 1997 on the reactions of audiences to a "development" film in rural Zimbabwe. Such a once-off study, as the paper argues, cannot yield conclusive results. However the virtue of such a study is to point at possibilities of other such studies in the future which should also help in theory building based on our own empirical experiences.

 Journal of Social Development in Africa Vol 16 No 1 2001, pp. 43-80


Background: Outcomes post-CABG serves as an indicator of the quality and effectiveness of care given by health care providers. The primary aim of this study is to describe outcomes such as mortality, morbidity, length of hospitalization and hospital readmission post-CABG between Ramallah Ministry of Health Hospital and Ghent University hospital. Methods: A retrospective study is conducted on 200 matched patients who underwent isolated CABG in Ramallah hospital and Ghent University hospital between 2009 and 2011. Both groups were followed up in the post-operative period for minimum one year. Inferential statistics were performed to find the presence of relationship among variables. Kaplan-Meyer was performed to compare overall survival rates and freedom from adverse events. The logistic model was used to assess all factors that associated with readmission, mortality, morbidity and hospital stay. Findings: Both groups had comparable patient characteristics and operative data. Risk factors of diabetes (50%) and smoking (60%) were higher in Palestinian patients compared to (29%) and (31%) in Belgian patients. The mortality rate slightly, being higher among the Palestinian group, was 4% compared to 2% among the Belgium group. Occurrence of morbidity was less noted among Palestinian patients compared to Belgium patients (23%, 36%, P = 0.044 respectively). Palestinian patients had shorter hospital stay (IQR = 6 - 10, P


A process for producing an epitaxial silicon-germanium base layer of a heterobipolaren pnp transistor in which a doped with arsenic in-situ silicon-germanium base layer is deposited, wherein during the deposition of silicon-germanium base layer arsenic and germanium in succession in different areas of the silicon germanium base layer are introduced, whereby at least a arsenic-rich region and a germanium-rich region is formed, and wherein the deposition of the silicon-germanium base layer, a thermal heating step follows, diffused in the arsenic and arsenic-rich region in the germanium-rich region.


Polymers and their composites are one of the most advanced and adaptable engineering materials. The strength of any composite depends upon number of factors such as volume/weight fraction of reinforcement, L/D ratio of fibers, types of fibers, orientation angles, chemical treatment of reinforcement, and many others. The present work focuses on the analysis of mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) of synthetic and natural fiber (glass/jute)-reinforced polyester composites. An attempt is made to reduce the usage of synthetic glass fibers by incorporating natural jute fibers such that the resultant hybrid composite shows increased strength when compared with single reinforcements of glass or jute fibers. The test specimens were prepared and tested according to ASTM standards. Experimental results revealed that reinforcement of natural fibers up to some extent increases the mechanical properties and reduces the overall cost of fabrication of composites.


Gupteshwer Mahadev is an important sacred grove of Pratapgarh District of Rajasthanand it is also known as Deepeshwer Mahadav. During present investigation attempts were made to categorize the medicinal flora diversity of the Gupteshwar Sacred Grove and around 54 different flowering plants from 33 families recorded. Documented plants are arranged alphabetically with their local names, family, part used, modes of use and the ailments for which they are used.


A checklist of freshwater fishes of Telangana State, India including accepted common name, vernacular name, IUCN status, and endemicity is presented.  Freshwater fish diversity of Telangana State is represented by 143 species belonging to 14 orders and 34 families.  Two species, Rita bakalu and Indoreonectes telanganaensis are endemic to Telangana State.


Prolate angular spheroidal functions of zero order and their properties are considered. The calculation of spheroidal functions produced for different parameters. One-dimensional Gaussian beam decomposition into spheroidal functions is performed which allowed evaluate the distortion of the optical signal passing through the lens system. We demonstrate the possibility of the formation of the optical signal transmitted through a lens system without distortion when it is a superposition of spheroidal functions consistent with the parameters of the optical system.


A kind of method that pressure test is carried out to water proof tubing string, the described method comprises the following steps:Valve module is attached in the inside longitudinal flow passage for extending through water proof tubing string;Valve module is closed with thus anti-fluid flow through the fluid passage;And apply pressure difference on the valve module of the closing, thus at least a portion to the water proof tubing string carries out pressure test.


While most countries of the world practice abortion, government policy, medical opinion, private opinion and actual practice vary widely. Although mortality from legal abortions is quite low, complications rise sharply after 12 gestational weeks. No conclusive proof shows adverse postabortion psychological effects. Romania, Japan and the Soviet Union experienced declining birth rates when abortion was made available and New York City saw a decline in illegitimacy of approximately 12% from 1970 to 1971. Throughout the world abortion laws vary from restrictive to moderate to permissive. Where laws are restrictive, as in France and Latin America, illegal abortions are estimated in the millions. The controversy over abortion centers around the arguments of what constitutes a human life, and the rights of the fetus versus the right of a woman to control her reproductive life. A review of state abortion laws as of August 1972 shows pressure on state legislatures to change existing laws. The future of abortion depends upon technological advances in fertility control, development of substitutes like menstral extraction, prostaglandins and reversible sterilization. Development of these techniques will take time. At present only through education and improved delivery of contraceptives can dependence on abortion as a method of fertility control be eased. Citizen education in the United States, both sex education and education for responsbile parenthood, is in a poor state according to the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future. If recourse to abortion is to be moderated, it is the next generation of parents who will have to be educated.


In this paper, we consider a mass-spring-friction oscillator with the friction modelled by a regularized stiction model in the limit where the ratio of the natural spring frequency and the forcing frequency is on the same order of magnitude as the scale associated with the regularized stiction model. The motivation for studying this situation comes from \cite{bossolini2017b} which demonstrated new friction phenomena in this regime. The results of Bossolini et al 2017 led to some open problems, that we resolve in this paper. In particular, using GSPT and blowup we provide a simple geometric description of the bifurcation of stick-slip limit cycles through a combination of a canard and a global return mechanism. We also show that this combination leads to a canard-based horseshoe and are therefore able to prove existence of chaos in this fundamental oscillator system.


Based on previous studies of the Reforms of the 18th century and to the proyectismo of this era, this article deals with one such concrete project undertaken by the first intendant of Huancavelica, with the aim of using convicts in that mine. The intendants responsible for the program of reforms began local projects because of the regional diversity. One example is the epigonal Project of Fernando Marquez de la Plata. Considering this plan within a wider context will allow us to understand its logic, as well as the changes that it experienced over time


Mao Ze dong's early ethics on education, which is an important component of his early ethical thinking,originates from his early educational practice,and is characterized by its anti traditionality,creativity and common people orientation in such respects as the right to education,the object of education,the way of education and the relationship between the teacher and the student


The structural characteristics of Biogas Digester, which is Constructed of BambooWeaved Concrete in the Southern of Yunnan, P.R.China, have been summarized, mainly from point view of mechanical principles, and based on the fieldstesting and labtesing. The results showed that the framework is reasonable in mechanics, which has enough safety coefficients and is significance of more spreading in countryside. 


The authors propose a new buck converter based on battery discharge current controller for programmable battery discharger wherever the control value of discharge energy is necessary for battery life. The parameter ripple input current was decreased to lower by proposed converter. The buck converter was paralleled with 2-level load that the loads input were connected with the contactors. The algorithm of controller not only was controlled the converter but the ON/OFF of contactor too, independently. Several advantages of the controller algorithm can be achieves such as providing any discharge current and time(Ah) from specification of battery regardless of the battery type and also, improving the performance of system duo to low switching stress in high power density and easy implementation to parallel the extra load. Furthermore, the algorithm of controller is implemented on DSP (Digital signal processor) and the validation of performance carried out experimental prototype.


For: (User Equipment UE) uplink shared channel, a user equipment to determine the number of coded modulation per spatial layer for:: (Uplink Control Information UCI) symbol (PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared CHannel) uplink control information to be multiplexed in a method and apparatus are described. The user equipment is different from the transmission time interval in communication with:: (Reception Point RP) from (TTI Transmission Time Interval) receiving points of the other set. Here, the two RP has a it is, the communication latency than a predetermined value in the same set RP. RP in each of the two different sets of two RP has a high communication latency than a predetermined value.


Combining with the actuality of legislation on government information publicity in China,the writer devises feasible system in order to improve it.We should analyze the framework,principle and path on establishing our legal system of government information publicity.


The holographic recording in polymer dispersed liquid crystal with an evanescent reference wave and a homogeneous (plane) object wave is presented. The grating pitch is 324 nm. The exposure and polarization characteristics of the diffraction efficiency are investigated, as well as its dependence on the applied electric field. The maximum value obtained is 0.065% at 20 mJ cm−2 exposure. The polarization behaviour of the reconstructed wave is similar to that of the thick grating, recorded with two homogeneous (plane) waves.


Abstract The article presents the migration wave in Europe as the cause of terrorist threats. The conflicts in the Middle East, particularly in Iraq and in Syria, increase the numbers of refugees from those areas and their migration to European countries, mainly EU members. That wave is used by terrorist organisations to smuggle members of those organisations to Europe in order to prepare terrorist attacks. The author also indicated the difficulty in controlling such a huge wave of refugees in the aspect of ensuring security in European countries.


Mostly the eruption cysts occur in a single presentation, but this paper presents a rare case report of two simultaneous eruption cysts/ haematomas in relation with two adjacent unerupted permanent teeth in a nine years old child, that caused undue tumour scare in the minds of the parents of the child. Discussion focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, clinical, radiographic & histological features of eruption cysts / haematomas. Treatment if required is also discussed.


The structure and interaction of waves with the boundary of the weak solution to the initial-boundary value problem of nonconvex scalar conservation laws are studied, under the condition that the boundary data and initial data are respectiveily constant and piecewise constant with finite discontinuity points. The behavior of the weak solution nearby the boundary is clarified.


LOGO! With a compact flexible design,applied in the valve control system,as opposed to the traditional relay logic control system,it can make the system more concise,higher readability,stable,reliable and so on.


As drop-ins fuels, the spread of sustainable aviation fuels faces difficulties related to the conciliation of several technological routes in the same infrastructure and the compliance of rigorous international certification. These difficulties require regulation and policies on sustainable aviation fuels to be sensitive to the characteristics of different technological routes, which generate fuels with distinct environmental properties, and allow the transportation of the fuel along the supply chain without loss of properties. The main difficulties are the establishment of differentiated taxation that accompanies the different fuels along the chain, dealing G. A. Soares et al. | Arcabouço regulatório e diretrizes de políticas: os desafios para a ... 41 with an international certification that requires large productive scale, a high concentration in the JET-A market and the impossibility of implementing mandatory mandates for sustainable aviation fuels.


The emphasis that has been given to the study of asthmatic patients by immunologic methods has resulted in so many advances in our knowledge of handling these patients that careful study and cooperation by physician and patient leads to control of the seizures and prevention of their recurrence in the majority. While there are no drugs that will cure the allergic state or even prevent an attack when the allergic body contacts with a large dose of the specific allergen, various remedies do assist in the control of individual attacks and should be used until the attacks are prevented by specific means. Some of these remedies, such as the iodides, the inhalation of smoke from nitro papers and stramonium leaves, the antispasmodics and opiates, have been in use for years. Hyde Salter 1 given an excellent account of their use in his classic work on asthma, and practically nothing can


The new type doping method, VUV-induced doping, has been applied to copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) peak in the ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of CuPc film was gradually shifted toward high binding energy side upon the irradiation of He Iα radiation. Furthermore, the radiation induced gap states were observed up to the Fermi level. The shift of the HOMO peak in the low-dose region depends in a semi-logarithmic fashion on the irradiation time, indicating that the intentional n-type doping of CuPc film can be realized by VUV irradiation.


Circulation has been considered in a sterile condition in individuals without live microbial infections. However, recent publications from our group and others highlight detection of blood microbiome or microbial molecules in healthy individuals and individuals with various diseases, as well as their potential roles in disease pathogenesis. In this review, we introduce the published studies and research advancement in the field of blood microbial and microbial translocation in disease immunopathogenesis.


Wildlife trafficking is a global problem involving the deliberate and illegal transport of wildlife across international borders. Animals are either removed directly from their natural environment or bred specifically to fuel demand driven by activities such as the illegal pet trade or for purported medicinal reasons. In Australia, wildlife trafficking poses a serious environmental and biosecurity risk through the removal of native species and the introduction of exotic invasive wildlife. This has the potential to impact the natural ecosystem and Australia's multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. To help detect and restrict this activity, innovative technologies such as 3D X-ray CT technology using Real Time Tomography has been trialed to create wildlife detection algorithms for deployment across Australian mail/traveller luggage pathways. Known species of trafficked Australian wildlife and additional model species of exotics were scanned to create an image reference library for algorithm detection. A total of 294 scans from 13 species of lizards, birds and fish were used to develop initial wildlife algorithms with a detection rate of 82% with a false alarm rate at 1.6%. In combination with human and biosecurity dog detection, this innovative technology is a promising complementary platform for wildlife detection at Australian international borders, with potential worldwide applications.


Presented contribution of the paper deals with novel active element Controlled Gain Current and Differential Voltage Amplifier (CG-CDVA) and its implementation in a very simple adjustable oscillator. Explanation of principle of the active element is complemented by possible behavioral model based on commercially available active elements. Therefore we are able to establish measurement setup that is suitable for preliminary experimental purposes. The proposed oscillator was analyzed by common symbolic approaches and as well verified experimentally. Important results of typical analyses were discussed.


Much of the South African poet Breyten Breytenbach's work has been concerned with borders. In this article I examine borders and creolization in three important poems from Nine landscapes of our time bequeathed to a beloved ( Nege landskappe bemaak aan 'n beminde , 1993), Paper flower ( Papierblom , 2002) and The wind-catcher ( Die windvanger , 2007). The link between creolization and boundaries is the poet's conception of identity and freedom. As is often the case the boundaries of the self are questioned as the poet permutates the central concepts. Crossing boundaries entails entering into dialogue not only with the self but also with the mother tongue itself and with a variety of other artists and writers. In other words, in Breytenbach's work an abrogation and appropriation of the own tradition ("erfgoed") as well as of material from others, other places and other traditions occur. In these three case studies in particular it is clear how the poet stretches and deforms boundaries as part of his poetic project to concretize a dynamic freedom.


Tourism has become an important pillar of the Turkish economy. Therefore, service quality of the catering sector deserves and attracts attention. This paper employs data envelopment analysis (DEA), a linear programming method, to gauge the validity of official quality ratings at Antalya, a major seaside resort. This benchmarking-based technique is applied to standardise the 'starring' system used by regulators and rating agencies. This is done by using efficiency scores generated by the DEA technique. Such standardisation helps tourists and tour operators. In addition, a second-stage Tobit regression identifies the causes of inefficiency, and the managerial implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This is a handout for an algebraic topology course. The goal is to explain a geometric interpretation of the cup product. Namely, if X is a closed oriented smooth manifold, if A and B are oriented submanifolds of X, and if A and B intersect transversely, then the Poincaré dual of A ∩ B is the cup product of the Poincaré duals of A and B. As an application, we prove the Lefschetz fixed point formula on a manifold. As a byproduct of the proof, we explain why the Euler class of a smooth oriented vector bundle is Poincaré dual to the zero set of a generic section. 1 Statement of the result A question frequently asked by algebraic topology students is: "What does cup product mean?" Theorem 1.1 below gives a partial answer to this question. The theorem says roughly that on a manifold, cup product is Poincaré dual to intersection of submanifolds. This is arguably the most important thing to know about cup product. To state the theorem precisely, let X be a closed oriented smooth manifold of dimension n. Let A and B be oriented smooth submanifolds of X of dimensions n−i and n−j respectively. Assume that A and B intersect transversely. This means that for every p ∈ A ∩ B, the map TpA⊕ TpB → TpX induced by the inclusions is surjective. Then A ∩ B is a submanifold of dimension n− (i+ j), and there is a short exact sequence 0 −→ Tp(A ∩B) −→ TpA⊕ TpB −→ TpX −→ 0. This exact sequence determines an orientation of A ∩B. We will adopt the following convention. We can choose an oriented basis u1, . . . , un−i−j , v1, . . . , vj , w1, . . . , wi


Creativity and critical thinking are the core values of science. Since mathematics is its primary language, the student of mathematics must imbibe and consolidate them. Critical thinking is consolidated in the critique of current mathematics and its foundations, creativity in the construction of a mathematical space or system. Therefore, the student of mathematics must go through the twists and turns of the critique-recti- fication of current mathematics and its foundations which in this paper focuses on the real and complex number systems that results in the construction of the contradiction-free new real number system and the complex vector plane. Since this is an expository paper on creative education much of the content is quoted from the Author's previous works.


This paper presents an improved algorithm for MIMU/GNSS/Magnetometer/Polarized light integrated north finding for micro-unmanned vehicles. The magnetometer is a cheap and widely used navigation equipment to find north. Sky polarized light from the sun in the daytime has the special characteristic to determinate the relative range vector from the user to the sun. Then the heading angle of the observatory can be calculated if the positioning of the sun is given. The proposed algorithm adopts the polarized light and magnetometer to obtain the heading angle to improve the observability of the classical MIMU/GNSS integrated navigation. Kalman filter is used to integrate the MIMU, GNSS position, velocity and the heading angle. Some land vehicle field experiments were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm in this paper. The accuracy of yaw angle is better than 1°.


Gamification is considered as a strategy to involve students in solving problems related to learning English, rather than playing games. Duolingo, an application that uses gamification, is suitable for junior high school students as a formal classroom setting in English learning. This study aimed at investigating whether the use of gamification in Duolingo App can improve the listening proficiency of junior high school students in English. This research uses quasi-experimental design with quantitative approach. The data is collected using test and observation and analyzed using SPSS 26 App. The results show that the sig. (2 tailed) indicated is 0.002 meaning that there is difference between post-test of experiment class and control class. It is concluded that gamification in Duolingo app affects English listening proficiency of junior high school students. Hence, Duolingo App has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for educators to enhance their students' listening skills. Additionally, gamification can form the foundation for the development of technological learning resources. However, this study has some limitations, and further research involving different educational levels, media, and longer experiment duration is necessary to obtain detailed and reliable results that can be applied to the broader population.


An unconditional existence result of a solution for a steady fluid-structure problem is stated. More precisely, we consider an incompressible fluid in a thin film, ruled by the Reynolds equation coupled with a surface deformation modelled by a non-linear non local Hertz law. The viscosity is supposed to depend non-linearly on the fluid pressure. Due to the apparition of a mushy region, the two-phase flow satisfies a free boundary problem defined by a pressure-saturation model. Such a problem has been studied with simpler free boundaries models (variational inequality), or with boundary conditions imposing small data assumptions. We show that up to a realistic hypothesis on the asymptotic pressure-viscosity behaviour it is possible to obtain an unconditional solution of the problem.


In 2016, the North Carolina Supreme Court declared the State's cyber-bullying statute unconstitutional because it violated the First Amendment right to free speech. The court held that North Carolina's content-based restriction on speech was not narrowly tailored to serve the legitimate interest of protecting minors from online bullying. Punishment for speech is viewed unfavorably by Americans, largely due to free speech's important role in our nation's history. Nonetheless, legislatures occasionally criminalize acts with a speech component that are likely to threaten the social order and cause a breach of the peace. One such act is cyber-bullying.


Solving the shortest path problem is very difficult in situations such as emergency rescue after a typhoon: road-damage caused by a typhoon causes the weight of the rescue path to be uncertain and impossible to represent using single, precise numbers. In such uncertain environments, neutrosophic numbers can express the edge distance more effectively: membership in a neutrosophic set has different degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. This paper proposes a shortest path solution method for interval-valued neutrosophic graphs using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Furthermore, by comparing the proposed algorithm with the Dijkstra, Bellman, and ant colony algorithms, potential shortcomings and advantages of the proposed method are deeply explored, and its effectiveness is verified. Sensitivity analysis performed using a 2020 typhoon as a case study is presented, as well as an investigation on the efficiency of the algorithm under different parameter settings to determine the most reasonable settings. Particle swarm optimization is a promising method for dealing with neutrosophic graphs and thus with uncertain real-world situations.


Time modulated linear antenna arrays consisting of printed dipoles above a ground plane are simulated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD method brings great convenience to the investigation of the time domain responses of moving phase center antenna arrays. In conjunction with the near-to-far field transformation in time domain, the far-field transient response can be computed to explain the physical essence of time modulated linear arrays with bidirectional phase center motion (BPCM). By employing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the frequency domain near-to-far field transformation, the radiation patterns at the frequencies of interest are obtained and are compared with the measured results. Simulation results show that the FDTD method is an effective and accurate approach for the full-wave simulation of time modulated antenna arrays.


We investigate the classical and quantum properties of ultracold sodium atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice and a three-dimensional harmonic trap. The energy versus crystal momentum dispersion relation for the lowest energy band of the optical lattice, together with the harmonic potential, define an effective Hamiltonian that we use to calculate classical atom paths. When one of the symmetry axes of the harmonic trap is aligned with the optical lattice, the atoms follow stable trajectories. But tilting this symmetry axis away from the optical lattice direction creates an unusual type of mixed stable-chaotic classical dynamics, which originates from the intrinsically quantum-mechanical nature of energy bands. In this regimes the density of quantized energy levels for the system exhibits periodic fluctuations associated with both stable and unstable periodic classical orbits. One of the unstable orbits also produces well-defined scar patterns in a subset of eigenfunctions. Wave functions with distinct spatial forms are identified and related directly to particular parts of the classical phase space using a Wigner function analysis.


Motion Estimation is a well-studied problem and researchers are coming up with new algorithms. The aim of this paper is to implement a Motion Estimation algorithm on a Embedded Device and to evaluate the performance. For this purpose a Texas Instrument TMS320DM642 evaluation module with TVP video decoder is being explored, and motion estimation algorithm based on "Three Step Search" is to be implemented on DM642 platform. Windows XP is chosen as the Operating System and Code Composer Studio is chosen as the software platform for the development of the algorithm on DM642 EVM. DSP-BIOS link is used for inter-processor communication.


A cooking surface for use with cooking kettles, such as outdoor grills, is disclosed. The cooking surface is made from a single sheet of stainless steel of sufficient thickness to prevent warping under normal cooking temperatures. The cooking surface has a grill section with a plurality of parallel slots cut into the stainless steel to emulate a rack type cooking surface and a griddle section that is substantially solid. Two embodiments of the combination griddle and grill cooking surface are disclosed, one directed to a rectangular kettle and one directed to a circular kettle. An adaptable embodiment of the rectangular cooking surface having extendable slide bars to fit various size cooking kettles is also disclosed.


Nowadays, the study of underwater WSNs (UWSNs) has become a hot topic. However, UWSNs have not been fully utilized in the complex underwater environment, since there are some difficulties in controlling mobile sensor nodes and underwater environment conditions. In addition, how to ensure the security of UWSNs and the safety of underwater mobile sensor nodes has not been solved well. In this article, we study the problem of trust establishment between nodes in UWSNs. We first give a detailed overview of existing trust management mechanisms. Since UWSNs possess specific characteristics, it is noted that those existing mechanisms are not applicable for UWSNs. We then introduce a trust cloud model that is suitable for trust management in UWSNs.


Magnetite nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a co‐precipitation method using aqueous Fe3+/Fe2+ solution with base, were coated with polyacrylamide via inverse suspension polymerization. The fabricated particles were characterized by TEM and SEM. Ultimately, the fabricated magnetic composite particles were adopted for magentorheological (MR) fluid application. The MR properties were measured using a rotational rheometer, exhibiting that the polymer coating contributed the improvement of particle size as well as dipersion stability for applying the magnetite into the MR application. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the congruency between the reference frame adopted to perceive and record postures and the one employed in a computer-aided ergonomics software on human posture specification performance. The role that the interface can play in enhancing the congruency was also investigated. The subjects were presented with the photographs of a working posture, and were required to manipulate the human stick figures generated by the ergonomics software to match the posture in the photographs. The experiment showed that the congruency played a significant role in facilitating the performance of posture specification for ergonomic analysis. It also demonstrated a clear advantage of using a 3-D humanoid display to improve the congruency when it is not achievable in the pre-analysis posture data-collection. Implications for ergonomic job analysis and ergonomics software design are discussed.


In this work I present recent developments on the Dissipative particle Dynamics (DPD) -a method that bridges the gap between continuum and atomistic scales. In particular, I will first discuss theoretical foundations of DPD and its relation to molecular dynamics (MD) and other coarse-graining approaches, and subsequently I will describe the triple-decker algorithm [1] that interfaces continuum flow regimes with atomistic and mesoscopic regimes. Applications include functionalized surfaces (e.g., polymer brushes, glycocalyx) as well as microflows in physical and biological systems.


THE development of the Diesel engine for aeroplanes in Germany was first taken up by the Junker works, in Dessau. Junkers began building oil engines more than twenty years ago with the construction of large Diesel engines. Later on they produced the well‐known stationary "HK" engines, and recently also small high‐speed engines for vehicles. Simultaneously with this began the development of the heavy oil engine for aeroplanes.


In the presence that most books are either too mathematical or too physical, this book is written with the belief that mathematical methods should be communicated to a wider audience than just mathematicians. It offers new physical models and new mathematical approaches that are disperse throughout the research journals in the last years. The physical objective is to model thermoelectric and thermoelectrochemical phenomena. The mathematical aim is to establish existence results in a simple setting from existence theory on PDE for providing quantitative estimates, and in such way their application may be useful for the understanding of the data dependence. This book tries to open one bridge between the PDE researchers and scientists and engineers in the natural and technological fields. Although this volume has some rather theoretical aspects of mathematical structure, it outlines a tool and new approaches for using in both research and postgraduate levels. This book is targeted at all researchers concerned with modeling, the conceptual basis of mathematical methods and how the PDE theory may be applied for their fields of research.


Summary Sl:ugi:calmampulations were performed on the eYll8 of the developing chick embryo between 6%12 days o,f itlcabation at stages when operations b.ad to beper£ormed through the shell and the exba·embrYQnic membranes. A suJficient proportion of the embryos sUl'Vived a postoperative ineu.ba.tio.n period of 6-10 days to analyse the effects of s.l:Irgicalinterveation on development. We have recently been investigating the role of scleral papillae in the development of scleral ossicles in the eye of the cmck. This study involved surgical manipulation of the tissues of the chick eye between 61hand 12 days of incubation. Such stages have always been difficult for in. ovo experiments, owing to the fact that after the 4th day of incubation the embryo becomes surrounded by the amnion, the chorion and the aUantois. Wounding these membranes in order to gain access to the embryo results in high mortality and sUIgery must be performed through minute incisions, wmch very severely limits the manipulationsthat can be performed. In OUrexpe.rienee, wounds of a size which cannot heal almost immediately result in the prolonged leakage of extra.embryonic fluid, which floods the outer surface of the chorio·allantoic membrane (CAM), Embryos contained in such eggs usually dIe within 24 h, possibly as a result of disruption of nOJ'mal gaseous exchange through the mem· branos. To Overcome this problem we have devised a meth.adby which to seal incisions in the CAM, thu\S preventing leakage of fluid. Our method enableS us to make holes in the CAM large enough for complex surgical manipulations on the eyes of the embryos. The procedure we use is particularly useful for investigating craniofacial development by surgical interference and could also be adapted for studies on other parts of the body of the embryo. Materials and methods Fertilized eggs of the domestic fowl (Gallus


Experiments were conducted using tritiated European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), pheromone, (Z)-[11,12-3H2]-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, a tritiated fluorinated analog of the European corn borer pheromone, 2-fluoro-(Z)-[11,12-3H2]-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, and methyl-4-bromocrotonate (MBC) to determine if pheromone catabolism proceeds on the moth's antennae via the β-oxidation pathway of fatty acid degradation. When antennae were treated with tritiated natural pheromone plus MBC (a precursor of the known β-oxidation inhibitor, 4-bromocrotonic acid), catabolism of the pheromone was significantly inhibited. When the 2-fluoro pheromone analog was applied alone to antennae, it was hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohol but was not degraded. MBC had no effect on catabolism of the 2-fluoro analog, and 2-fluoro substitution inhibited entrance of the compound into β-oxidation. These results demonstrate that β-oxidation is the primary oxidative pathway by which pheromone is degraded on the antennae o...


: In order to resolve biological toxicity of TC4 titanium alloy, the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology was introduced to fabricate ceramic coating on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy. Yttrium nitrate was introduced into the silicate electrolyte system as additive. The micro-structure, phase composition, surface morphology and micro-hardness of MAO coatings were characterized. When applied voltage increased, the content of rutile-TiO 2 in the coating increased. The maximum value of surface roughness was about 11μm as applied voltage was 300V. The maximum micro-hardness was about 5210MPa.