The uptake of nitrate and ammonium by rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings was compared under various conditions. Nitrate uptake showed a 1-hour lag phase and then a rapid absorption phase, whereas ammonium uptake showed passive absorption during the first hour, then a shoulder of absorption, followed by a rapid metabolism-dependent absorption phase. Light did not affect the uptake of nitrate or ammonium. The uptake of nitrate and ammonium was markedly suppressed by removal of the endosperm. After removal of the endosperm, the uptake was restored by exogenous supply of 30 mm sucrose. No appreciable nitrate uptake was detected at temperatures below 15 C, whereas appreciable ammonium uptake occurred at 15 C, although lowered passive absorption and complete inhibition of the rapid metabolism-dependent absorption phase were observed at 5 C.Nitrate uptake was decreased by aeration and also by bubbling the mixture with O(2). It was greatly depressed by bubbling the mixture with N(2). These results suggest that there is a low optimal O(2) concentration for nitrate uptake. In contrast, ammonium uptake was increased by aeration, not influenced by bubbling with O(2), and slightly decreased by bubbling the mixture with N(2).Nitrate uptake was almost entirely inhibited by addition of cycloheximide, KCN, or arsenate. These compounds had scarcely any effect on the passive absorption of ammonium, but entirely depressed its successive metabolism-dependent absorption. Ammonium uptake occurred before nitrate uptake in solution containing both nitrate and ammonium.


Abstract. Fiber-reinforced-polymer composites (FRPs) possess superior mechanical
properties and formability, making them a desirable material for construction
of large optimized mechanical structures, such as aircraft, wind turbines,
and marine hydrokinetic (MHK) devices. However, exposure to harsh marine
environments can result in moisture absorption into the microstructure of the
FRPs comprising these structures and often degrading mechanical properties.
Specifically, laminate static and fatigue strengths are often significantly
reduced, which must be considered in design of FRP structures in marine
environments. A study of fiberglass epoxy unidirectional and cross-ply
laminates was conducted to investigate hygrothermal effects on the mechanical
behavior of a common material system used in wind applications. Several
laminates were aged in 50 ∘C distilled water until maximum
saturation was reached. Unconditioned control and the saturated samples were
tested in quasi-static tension with the accompaniment of acoustic emission
(AE) monitoring. Cross-ply laminates experienced a 54 % reduction in
strength due to moisture absorption, while unidirectional laminate
strengths were reduced by 40 %. Stress–strain curves and AE activity of
the samples were analyzed to identify changes in damage progression due to
aging.


The surface chemical behavior of clean uranium metal in a hydrogen atmosphere at 80°C and 120°C has been studied using XPS and thermodynamic calculation. The main product is uranium oxide rather than hydride uranium on the uranium surface after the exposure of uranium to extremely pure hydrogen, and the U4f7/2 binding energy of UH3 has been found to be 378.6 ± 0.1 eV. An elevated temperature (120°C) is beneficial to the formation of UH3 species at the same hydrogen exposures. The depth profile analysis of XPS indicates that the chemical structure of the surface layer was UO2/UH3/U after the exposure of hydrogen reached 1.31 × 10-6 L (1 L = 10-6 Torr·s). Results of thermodynamic calculations are in good agreement with the above conclusions.


EACH GENERAnON OF PHARMACISTS has been greeted by its own special set of challenges and, hence, opportunities. My generation was no different. I am reminded of Hercules who had a problem: Standing between him and salvation was Hydra, the nine-headed monster. Which head should he lop off first? As he lopped one off at random, two heads popped up in its place. Similarly, in our society, as one problem is solved, others remain while yet others emerge. During the early 1900s infectious diseases were the leading causes of death. Sulfa drugs were introduced during my early lifetime; these were followed by the antibiotics. Today, we are surprised when infectious diseases result in death. That's progress. People are living longer than ever, and the healthcare sector has another problem. Hence, pharmacy has both a challenge and an opportunity. Persons over the age of 85 represent the fastest growing segment of our population. Demographic predictions and rising healthcare costs offer some sobering thoughts. I had my personal problems in preparing to enter a lifetime career in pharmaceutical education. That was almost 50 years ago. From behind barbed wires where I was placed along with other US citizens of Japanese ancestry, gaining acceptance at a university was fraught with difficulty. Fortunately, the University of Nebraska opened its doors and its heart. Among the very positive aspects of this part of my life was the fact that I (from California) met my wife, Midori (from the state of Washington), who was also displaced and had found her way to Nebraska. We both have fond memories of that period. Dean Rufus A. Lyman and Pharmacology Professor Harald G. O. Holck are a part of this memory. Dr. Holck taught me most of what I know about the basics and what mentoring really meant. From him I learned the art of science as well as the scientific method, commitment, hard work, and scientific integrity. Above all, however, he instilled in me a lifelong excitement for and interest in science. During this time I was


We investigate the application of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) to the accurate and non-oscillatory solution of direct problems for two-dimensional Helmholtz-type equations in the presence of boundary singularities. This is attained by subtracting appropriate particular singular potential solutions/eigenfunctions from the original MFS solution.


Abstract Niche breadth is predicted to correlate with environmental heterogeneity, such that generalists will evolve in heterogeneous environments and specialists will evolve in environments that vary less over space and time. We tested the hypothesis that lizards in a heterogeneous environment were generalists compared to lizards in a homogeneous environment. We compared niche breadths of greater short‐horned lizards by quantifying resource selection in terms of two different niche axes, diet (prey items and trophic level), and microhabitat (ground cover and shade cover) between two populations occurring at different elevations. We assessed the heterogeneity of dietary and microhabitat resources within each population's environment by quantifying the availability of prey items, ground cover, and shade cover in each environment. Overall, our results demonstrate that despite differences in resource heterogeneity between elevations, resource selection did not consistently differ between populations. Moreover, environmental heterogeneity was not associated with generalization of resource use. The low‐elevation site had a broader range of available prey items, yet lizards at the high‐elevation site demonstrated more generalization in diet. In contrast, the high‐elevation site had a broader range of available microhabitats, but the lizard populations at both sites were similarly generalized for shade cover selection and were similarly specialized for ground cover selection. Our results demonstrate that environmental heterogeneity of a particular resource does not necessarily predict the degree to which organisms specialize on that resource.


The first integrated 1310 nm wavelength MEMS-VCSELs have been reported in this issue of Electronics Letters by collaborating researchers in the US. Optimised specifically for swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) applications, these MEMS-VCSELs can also be continuously tuned over 150 nm, which is the largest tuning range of any surface emitting diode lasers at any wavelength."MEMS-VCSELs have previously demonstrated speed and coherence length advantages for SS-OCT, but questions remained as to whether MEMS-VCSEL tuning range could compete with widely tunable external-cavity lasers," said Dr Vijaysekhar Jayaraman from Praevium Research who took the lead on the design and fabrication. "We believe that this work demonstrates for the first time that MEMS-VCSEL tuning range can be on a par with these other devices."


Fault diagnosis and prognostics are key technologies in prognostics and health management(PHM).By combining the design of testability with fault models and mechanism,the architecture of integrated diagnostic and fault prognostics based on testability is proposed.The current developed techniques and methods of integrated diagnostics and prognostics are classified and summarized.The methods of integrated diagnostics and prognostics are discussed from embedded diagnostics based on testability,intelligent fault diagnosis based on signal process,and fault prognostics based on testability in electronic system.Finally,the factors that constrain the developments of integrated diagnostics and prognostics in electronic system are analyzed and the developing trend is also discussed.


In the current model of visual transduction, the lifetime of active cGMP phosphodiesterase depends upon the period of its interaction with GTP-bound transducin. If recoverin regulates the lifetime of light-activated cGMP phosphodiesterase through inhibition of rhodopsin phosphorylation, rhodopsin should directly interact with cGMP phosphodiesterase and/or GTP-bound transducin complexed with cGMP phosphodiesterase. Is this true?


In this paper, the effects of foil bending rigidity on the space height characteristics of externally pressurized foil bearings with a hollow porous shaft are analyzed by the finite width bearing theory. In the analysis, in order to save computation time and to improve the convergence of solutions, the two-dimensional modified Reynolds equation considering the added flow through the porous shaft is reduced to an ordinary differential equation using the weighted residual method. The reduced Reynolds equation and elastic equation for the foil are discretized by the finite difference method and solved numerically by the Newton-Raphson iterative technique. This numerical solutions for the pressure and film thickness distributions between foil and shaft are obtained for a wide range of bearing width-to-diameter ratio under varios combinations of foil bending rigidity and foil wrap angle, and the space height characteristics of the foil bearings are examined theoretically.


It was the best of times. Those were the long-ago times when I was first introduced to the work and mission of the Liturgical Conference. That was way back when I attended those exciting and "daring" Liturgical Weeks, a drawing together of thousands of parish leaders having a lively interest in renewal. The focus for those Weeks was on parish worshipers, that their language would be the language of their worship, that their active participation in the liturgy be encouraged, that liturgical leadership include lay persons, and that they be motivated "to do justly" as they lived out the liturgy each day.


The paper continues the research of writing astrological names. After examining (in Bendrinė kalba ) the tendencies of their writing on astrology websites, the focus here is given on writing in printed publications, which are the usual environment for the functioning of the standard language. Based on 10 books on astrology, the aim is to assess the extent to which astrological names writing tendencies are common to websites and printed publications, and at the same time to deepen the analysis of the factors that determine it. sites, is variant, and this variability is determined by several factors. By confirming the factors which began to emerge in the previous work, this work leads to a deeper and more substantiated analysis of the factors, and complements it with new insights.


Usually, body was treated by what is limited and non-essence. About such understanding of body, religion tradition had offered some main causes. But today, there are also positive body-discourse being in fashion. But there are different two directions from one another. We, at first, can find in ecological and feministic discussion one direction. Here emphasize comprehension of affirmative awareness for body. While, in popular dimension the phenomenon that taking body as goods for body-shaping and body-practice is found as another direction. We are going to look for religious response and what can take holistic comprehension for body in this actuality.
Focuses of this thesis are as following. First, we set focuses of discourse for body in practice
process of religion. The reason is why body is connected with religion concretely at practice process. Second, we wishes to find how body acts. Third, we have focus in holist understanding for body. We could get these following results through these arguments and examinations. First, when examine religious achievement process, religion is not providing prejudice for body. Second, religion can oppose fetishism of body and provide spiritual value that recover of genuine body. Third, religion provides basis of awareness for 1:xx:ly as holistic substance of mind. Therefore, we find possibility that religion can participate to search place of body. Fourth, religion offers not as individual subject but subject of awareness for ecological, cooperative body in front of individualised reality. Fifth, religion is existence that inspires genuine life in body that exist only flesh. In this way, religions have ground which can realize his own immanent value in modem society.


The threat that wolves (Canis lupus) pose to hunting dogs is one reason why Finnish hunters have negative attitudes towards wolves and one of the potential motivations for the illegal killing of wolves. During 2010–2017, wolves killed an average of 38 dogs (range 24–50) per year in Finland. Most of the attacks (91%) were directed at hunting dogs during the hunting season. To decrease the risk of attacks, the last seven positions (one position per hour) of GPS-collared wolves were accessible to the public with a 5 × 5 km resolution during the hunting seasons (from August 20th to February 28th) of 2013/2014 (from September 2nd onwards), 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The link was visited more than 1 million times in 3 of the 4 seasons. Fatal attacks on dogs occurred on 17% of the days during the hunting seasons of our study (n = 760 days). Both the attacks and visits peaked in September–November, which is the primary hunting season in Finland. According to the general linear model, the number of daily visits to the website was higher on days when fatal attacks occurred than on other days. Additionally, season and the number of days passed from the first day of the season were significantly related to the daily visits. Visits were temporally auto-correlated, and the parameter values in the model where the dependent variable was the number of visits on the next day were only slightly different from those in the first model. A two-way interaction between season and attack existed, and the least squares means were significantly different in 2017/2018. The change in daily visits between consecutive days was related only to the number of days from the beginning of the season. We examined whether this kind of service decreased dog attacks by wolves. Wolf attacks were recorded in 32% of the wolf territories, where at least one wolf had been collared (n = 22). However, within the territories without any GPS-collared wolves, the proportion of territories with wolf attack(s) was significantly higher than those elsewhere (50%, n = 48). Although public information decreased the risk of attacks, it did not completely protect dogs from wolf attacks and may in some cases increase the risk of illegally killing wolves. The most remarkable benefit of this kind of service to the conservation of the wolf population might be the message to the public that management is not overlooking hunters' concerns about wolf attacks on their dogs.


The separation of propylene and propane is a challenging task in petroleum refineries due to the similar molecular sizes and physical properties of two gases. Composite Poly(ether-block-amide) (Pebax-1657) membranes incorporated with silver tetra fluoroborate (AgBF4 ) in concentrations of 0-50% of the polymer weight were prepared by solution casting and solvent evaporation technique. The membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to study surface and cross-sectional morphologies, effect of incorporation on intermolecular interactions and degree of crystallinity, respectively. Experimental data was measured with an indigenously built high-pressure gas separation manifold having an effective membrane area of 42 cm2 . Permeability and selectivity of membranes were determined for three different binary mixtures of propylene-propane at pressures varying in the range 2-6 bar. Selectivity of C3 H6 /C3 H8 enhanced from 2.92 to 17.22 and 2.11 to 20.38 for 50/50 and 66/34 C3 H6 +C3 H8 feed mixtures, respectively, with increasing loading of AgBF4 . Pebax membranes incorporated with AgBF4 exhibit strong potential for the separation of C3 H6 /C3 H8 mixtures in petroleum refineries.


The report is a summary of the effect of track curvature and spiral length on high speed train safety and comfort, and the effect of speed and axle load on track stability and wear. In addition, information is presented relating track curvature, spiral length, and train and track dynamics to support system performance and cost studies.


This article focuses on the use of postcolonial criticism in the study of the European Middle Ages. It concentrates on two issues critiqued in particular by historians: anachronism and applicability. The article is thus structured around two questions: Why should medievalists explore contemporary postcolonial issues instead of strictly medieval ones? And why should the tools of postcolonial theory be considered applicable to medieval societies and times?


In December 1998 it will be exactly 70 years F. P. Ramsey laid the foundations of modern neo-classical growth theory. However, during The Great Depression of the 1930s the Ramsey's work fell into oblivion. In mid-1950s the interest in the growth theory started to revive again, and R. M. Solow and T. W. Swan created what is now called Solow model. When the Ramsey model was re-discovered in mid-1960s, it became clear how much ahead the Ramsey's work was. In the Ramsey model, the consumption and saving behavior is put strictly on the microeconomic grounds and it is analyzed through a dynamic optimization of fundamentally rational economic agents. The importance of the Ramsey model reflects also in the fact, that its modifications were later used as an analytical tool in other fields of economics as well, for example in the supply-side economics and the business cycles theory.


Ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration.. This paper proposes a Novel Constrained Entropy-based Multi- path Routing Algorithm in AdHoc (NCEMR). The key idea of NCEMR algorithm is to construct the new metric-entropy and select the stability path with the help of entropy metric to reduce the number of route reconstruction so as to provide QoS guaran- tee in the ad hoc network. It is typically proposed in order to increase the reliability of data transmission or to provide load balancing. The simulation results show that the proposed ap- proach and parameters provide an accurate and efficient method of estimating and evaluating the route stability in dynamic Ad Hoc. Keywords-mobile ad hoc networks; multipath routing; constrained Condition


The whole aim of teaching mathematics is to transform timid, dependent students into self-propelling, independent problem solvers. Mathematics teachers agree on this goal, but only a few claim to have programs that are designed to develop problem solv ers. This article is meant to be helpful to teachers who are interested in changing spectators into problem solvers. The plan that I suggest is simple and feasible. Teach ers of mathematics should coach their stu dents; game plans must be devised and im plemented that give teachers opportunities to coach their students in doing mathemat ics. Out of the enormous amount of literature


Zr-U alloys have been considered as one of candidate nuclear fuels for fast reactors due to their excellent thermal conductivity [1-3]. They have occasionally been fabricated by powder metallurgy processes [4]. The powder metallurgy is usually composed of three processes; blending, compacting and sintering. During sintering of Zr-U pellets at high temperatures, the highvacuum environment is usually applied to avoid undesirable oxidation reaction. In this case, it was observed that the vapor phenomena of U in the surface of sintered Zr-U alloy were apparent when the sintering temperatures over than 1300C were applied [5]. This means that the sintered Zr-U alloys would show a difference in the concentration of alloying elements in their surface and center parts, indicating the reduction in the homogeneity of alloying elements. In this study, the distribution of alloying elements of Zr-U alloy sintered at 1450C for 3 hours in the high-vacuum of 10 torr were evaluated.


Article history: Received June 24, 2020 Accepted August 30, 2020 Available online October 1, 2021 Medicinal plants have gained wide popularity at present time due the side effects of chemical drugs on the body in general and on the kidneys in particular. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Arabic gum (AG) against nephrotoxicity of ciprofloxacin. Twenty-four rats divided into four groups administrated for 14 days as following: control group administrated orally with distilled water 1 ml/kg, ciprofloxacin group 750 mg/kg, orally. Third group administrated with AG solution 15% and fourth group administrated with ciprofloxacin 750 mg/kg combined with AG 15% respectively. Results demonstrated the effect of Ciprofloxacin in significant increased levels of nephrotoxicity biomarkers such as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, MDA, and a significant decreased urine flow rate, creatinine clearance and degeneration in renal tissue via attenuate antioxidant system tissue. The combined administration of AG with Ciprofloxacin showed the ameliorative role of AG on nephrotoxicity biomarkers, nephron function, antioxidant availability and protected renal tissue from damage. We concluded that AG in concentration 15% has a protective role against renal toxicity exposed by ciprofloxacin in rats.


Since 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments has required that institutions eliminate all vestiges of discrimination in education based on an individual's sex. This has come to be known as gender equity. In the area of intercollegiate athletics the determination of how to achieve gender equity has been problematic and, at times, contentious. These are not simply abstract issues, since, in many institutions, large numbers of dollars are involved. Recently, court ruling have held that the most appropriate way to determine if gender equity has been achieved is by means of the criterion of proportionality. This criterion holds that an institution should provide essentially the same opportunities for participation of female athletes in its athletics program as female students represent in the undergraduate student body. In a challenge to this criterion, Brown University argued that such a measure was inappropriate in that it assumed that female students were as interested in participating in intercollegiate athletics as male students. The court ruled that this was not an essential element of proportionality, and that if opportunities were provided, women would eventually utilize those opportunities. However, the question of how male and female students compare in terms of their interest in participating in intercollegiate athletics has not been studied.


Research on the human use of electrical energy that exists in mexican homes specifically in the area of illumination, taking in mind theoretical considerations as natural and artificial light, the perception of the human being to the changing light and temperature color, as well as intelligent systems that contribute to a correct lighting, this in order that the conditions and user requirements are evaluated to satisfy targets; defined the methodology to be followed for the development and implementation of the light, the context in which the project lighting requirements established by the Spanish Standard UNE-EN 1244-1 developed for different spaces and activities in the home, once these parameters defined taking ideas projected and created sketches that were evaluated after choosing the best option of lighting design, technical drawings and the development and implementation of the model was created, was held manufacturing and machining of prototype and as evidence that was submitted to substantiate the luminaire data and results obtained during the investigation were correct.


Based on the Hg2CuTi structure, the full-Heusler alloy Ti2CrSn, with a ground state band gap of semiconductor, is a thermoelectric material with potential applications. Through preparing Ti2CrSn1−xAlx (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) series bulk materials via arc melting, the effects of the electrical and thermal transport properties of Ti2CrSn series alloys were investigated, and different Al doping on the phase structure, the microscopic morphology, and the thermoelectric properties of Ti2CrSn were examined. The results show that the materials all exhibit characteristics of p-type semiconductors at the temperature range of 323 to 923 K. Al elemental doping can significantly increase the Seebeck coefficient and reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials. Among them, the sample Ti2CrSn0.8Al0.2 obtained a maximum value of 5.03 × 10−3 for the thermoelectric optimal ZT value at 723 K, which is 3.6 times higher than that of Ti2CrSn.


The goal of this research is to build a database for the ancient glass beads from U-Thong excavation site (Dvaravati Period, 6th to 13th centuries). We can compare the chemical properties among the ancient glass beads from different sites in order to learn about the ancient trading route of those glass beads. The 30 samples and 12 colors (translucent to opaque and various colors) were collected from U-Thong archaeological site, Suphanburi Province, Central Thailand. The ancient glass bead samples were studied about the physical and chemical characteristics as well as the surface features. The glass beads were analyzed by the scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The chemical composition of the dark blue bead for example contained 2.25 wt% MgO, 90.98 wt% SiO2, 1.26 wt% K2O, 4.17 wt% CaO and 0.59 wt% CuO. The FTIR spectrum of ancient glass beads is rarely to interpret their molecular vibration. The AFM allowed us to see the glass corrosion in nano scale on the surface. This research can help Thai archaeologists to identify the characteristics of ancient glass bead in the Central Thailand.


Samples of urannium-2 wt.% zirconium alloys sheathed in Zircaloy-2 were exposed to high temperature water. The Zircaloy sheaths were defected by drilling a small hole, allowing water to contact the uranium alloy. In the absence of a diffusion bond between the urannium alloy and the Zircaloy, very rapid corrosion occurred. The addition of 2 wt.% zirconium to the uranium affects the corrosion rate very little, however, it may affect the release of activity to the water. Heat treating the uranium-zirconinm alloy to produce a diffusion layer at the Zircaloy-uranium interface produces a corrosion-resiatant layer between the sheath and core which can have a marked effect on the corrosion resistance of the element at a defect. (J.R.D.)


The Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) reached its full operational capability in 2014 and takes off from the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center to explore the universe about three times a week. Maximizing the program's scientific output naturally leaves very little flight time for implementation and test of improved soft- and hardware. Consequently, it is very important to have a comparable test environment and infrastructure to perform troubleshooting, verifications and improvements on ground without interfering with science missions. SOFIA's Secondary Mirror Mechanism is one of the most complex systems of the observatory. In 2012 a first simple laboratory mockup of the mechanism was built to perform basic controller tests in the lower frequency band of up to 50Hz. This was a first step to relocate required engineering tests from the active observatory into the laboratory. However, to test and include accurate filters and damping methods as well as to evaluate hardware modifications a more precise mockup is required that represents the system characteristics over a much larger frequency range. Therefore the mockup has been improved in several steps to a full test environment representing the system dynamics with high accuracy. This new ground equipment allows moving almost the entire secondary mirror test activities away from the observatory. As fast actuator in the optical path, the SMM also plays a major role in SOFIA's pointing stabilization concept. To increase the steering bandwidth, hardware changes are required that ultimately need to be evaluated using the telescope optics. One interesting concept presented in this contribution is the in- stallation of piezo stack actuators between the mirror and the chopping mechanism. First successful baseline tests are presented. An outlook is given about upcoming performance tests of the actively controlled piezo stage with local metrology and optical feedback. To minimize the impact on science time, the laboratory test setup will be expanded with an optical measurement system so that it can be used for the vast majority of testing.


In this work, numerical simulations were used to investigate the gravitational stochastic background produced by coalescences of double neutron star systems occurring up to z ~ 5. The cosmic coalescence rate was derived from Monte Carlo methods using the probability distributions for massive binaries to form and for a coalescence to occur in a given redshift. A truly continuous background is produced by events located only beyond the critical redshift z* = 0.23. Events occurring in the redshift interval 0.027 < z < 0.23 give rise to a "popcorn" noise, while those closer than z = 0.027 produce a shot noise. The gravitational density parameter Ωgw for the continuous background reaches a maximum around 670 Hz with an amplitude of 1.1 × 10-9, while the popcorn noise has an amplitude about 1 order of magnitude higher and the maximum occurs around a frequency of 1.2 kHz. The signal is below the sensitivity of the first generation of detectors but could be detectable by the next generation of ground-based interferometers. Correlating two coincident advanced LIGO detectors or two EGO interferometers, the expected S/N are respectively 0.5 and 10.


Clinicians who care for children have encountered the same questions for decades: does the child have an infection, is it likely bacterial or viral, and is an antibiotic indicated? These questions were further complicated by the "discovery" of bacteremia. In 1973-1974, Teele et al1 obtained blood cultures from 600 consecutive febrile children younger than 2 years with temperatures of 38.3°C or higher and found that 19 (3.2%) had pathogens in their blood. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (n = 15), followed by Haemophilus influenzae type b (n = 2). Further analysis suggested that children with a temperature higher than 38.9°C and a white blood cell count greater than 15 000/μL had about an 8% to 10% risk of "bacteremia." For the following 3 decades, the focus was on determining how to identify these children; how these children could be differentiated into groups at high and low risk for bacteremia by various clinical scores or laboratory tests, such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or neutrophil-to-band ratio; and if expectant antibiotics are necessary.2,3 Following the introduction of the conjugate H Influenzae vaccine in the late 1980s, the number of children with bacteremia (and meningitis) declined substantially, with a further decline following the introduction of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in 1990s.4-7 Prior to the introduction of these 2 vaccines, approximately 20 000 children each year were diagnosed with meningitis and other serious bacterial infections, such as epiglottitis, caused by these organisms.6,7 In 2015, fewer than 500 children were diagnosed with invasive H influenzae type b or invasive pneumococcal disease.4,5 At the same time invasive disease was declining among older children, the focus shifted to identifying infants younger than 90 days with serious bacterial infection (SBI), such as meningitis, septicemia, and urinary tract infections.8-10 Many febrile infants younger than 30 days presenting to an emergency department were admitted to the hospital, often after they had blood cultures, urine cultures, and a lumbar puncture performed. The vast majority received antibiotics. In this age group, approximately 5% to 8% of infants presenting with fever to an emergency department have serious bacterial infection.8-10 Management is different in infants older than 30 days (in some settings older than 2 weeks), for whom various approaches have been adopted that help clinicians categorize children into high and low risk for SBI and potentially discharge them home from an emergency department, with or without antibiotics. However, these scenarios are often not the same in office practice, with apparently few "missed" infants with SBI.11 Although the data are uncertain, it is likely that infants presenting to an emergency department have a higher risk of SBI than those in practice, and follow-up may be more difficult, necessitating a different clinical approach. Two articles in this issue of JAMA contribute to the 5-decades-long discussion of the evaluation of febrile infants and children and represent an important advance—the potential of genetics to help in the evaluation of febrile children.12,13 Specifically, can RNA expression profiling be successful when clinical scores and other laboratory tests (aside from blood culture results) have largely failed to differentiate children with bacterial disease from those with viral disease? The questions are different depending on the age of the child. Among very young infants, the goal of a laboratory test is to rule out SBI, with a very high degree of certainty (high sensitivity). Among older children, in whom the risk of SBI is much lower, the goal is to differentiate bacterial from viral infection, so the clinician does not have to prescribe antibiotics, an increasingly important consideration because of concerns about antibiotic resistance. In one study in this issue of JAMA, Mahajan and colleagues12 assessed the association between RNA biosignatures and bacterial infection in 279 randomly selected febrile infants 60 days of age and younger (median age, 37 days; 56% male), of whom 89 had bacterial infections—including 32 with bacteremia and 58 with urinary tract infection—190 without bacterial infections, and 19 afebrile healthy infants. Sixty-six genes were identified that best discriminated infants with and without bacterial infection. In the validation test set, the sensitivity was 87% (95% CI, 73%-95%) and the specificity was 89% (95% CI, 81%-93%). In a subset of infants with bacteremia, the sensitivity in the validation test set was 94% (95% CI, 70%-100%) and the specificity was 95% (95% CI, 88%-98%). The authors acknowledge a number of limitations, including a convenience sample of patients, viral testing was not consistently performed on all patients, and the assays were performed on frozen batched samples in a central laboratory. In another study in this issue, Herberg and colleagues13 determined if RNA expression measured by microarray could be used to differentiate bacterial from viral infection in 370 children (median age, approximately 18 months), of whom 86 had a definitive bacterial infection, 120 a viral infection, and 175 an indeterminate infection. The authors identified a 2-transcript RNA biosignature that could differentiate bacterial from viral infection. In the validation set, the sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%) and the specificity was 96.4% (95% CI, 89.3%-100%). This study also has a number of limitations, such as use of a case-control design with a high acuity of illness for many of the cases, so the actual Related articles pages 835 and 846 Opinion


Bangladesh should have owned a decentralized medical record server. We face a lot of issues, such as doctor's appointments, report organization in one spot, and report follow-ups. People now bring a large number of papers to the doctor's chamber. They carry prescriptions, reports, and X-ray files, among other things. It complicates everyone's life as a result. All of the reports must be reviewed by doctors on a regular basis. It is difficult to read old reports on a regular basis, and patients do not receive the correct medications or treatment. Doctors also find it extremely difficult to comprehend handwritten prescriptions. Data security, authenticity, time management, and other areas of data administration are dramatically improved when blockchain (smart contract) technology is linked with standard database management solutions. Blockchain is a groundbreaking, decentralized technology that protects data from unauthorized access. After smart contracts are implemented, the management will be satisfied with the patients. As a result, maintaining data privacy and accountability in the system is tough. It signifies that the information is only accessible to those who have been authenticated. This study focuses on limiting third-party engagement in medical health data and improving data security. Throughout the process, this will improve accessibility and time efficiency. People will feel safer during the payment procedure, which is the most significant benefit. A smart contract and a peer-to-peer encrypted technology were used. The hacker will not be able to gain access to this system since this document uses an immutable ledger. They will not be able to change any of the data if they gain access to the system. If the items are found to be defective, the transaction will be halted. Transaction security will be a viable option for recasting these problems using cryptographic methodologies. We developed a website where patients and doctors will both benefit because of the use of blockchain technology to ensure the security of medical data. We have different profiles for doctors and patients. In the patient profile, they can create their own account by using a unique address, name, and age. This unique address will be created from the genesis block. The unique address is completely private to the owner, who will remain fully secure in our network. After creating an account, the patient can view the doctors' list and they can upload their medical reports such as prescriptions and X-rays. All the records uploaded by the patient will be stored on our local server (Ganache). The records are stored as hashed strings of the data. Those files will also have a unique address, and it will be shown in the patient profile. After granting access, the doctors will be able to view their records in the respective doctor's profile. For accessing the options such as uploading, viewing, or editing the data, Ethereum currency (a fee) will have to be paid in order to complete the request. On the other hand, doctors can enter their profile using their name and unique address. After logging in, they can view their name, unique address, and the list of patients that have granted access to the doctor to view their files. On our website, the front end is handled by JavaScript, ReactJS, HTML, and CSS. The backend is handled by Solidity. Storage is handled by Ganache as the local host. Finally, this paper will show how to ensure that the procedure is as safe as feasible. We are also maintaining transparency and efficiency here.


The present study investigated changes in precipitation totals, frequency of days with precipitation, and relationships between precipitation totals in individual seasons at several weather stations on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. From 1954 to 2003, precipitation totals were almost invariant, except for a significant positive trend in March precipitation totals in Szczecin, Koszalin, 1eba, and Elbląg. Much more extensive were the changes in the frequency of wet days. Time-series analysis of the precipitation frequency demonstrated an increasing annual wet-day total on the eastern part of the coast (Hel, Gdynia, and Elbląg). The increase occurred at the highest rate in Elbląg. A significant upward trend was observed at almost all weather stations in June, and also in Elbląg in January, March, and October, and in Koszalin in February. Atmospheric circulation is a major factor influencing both shortand long-term fluctuations in precipitation. Therefore, we also analysed the links between changes in the frequency of wet days and changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation (the intensity of westerlies in particular). These relationships were explored by comparing the frequency of precipitation events in periods with differing intensity of westerlies. The present study demonstrated that the direction of air-mass advections have a stronger effect on the number of days with precipitation than on precipitations totals. More intense western advection causes more frequent precipitation, especially in the eastern part of the study area.


introduces students to the functionality of this virtual world. For the second, she morphs a traditional assignment into a new media one, the job interview. Using Second Life as well, Kendra Carmichael, with the assistance of her colleagues, developed the fictional company AxeCorp that could more closely simulate the exigencies of a "real-world" corporate office than the two-dimensional website they had used previously. Students were assigned various roles as employees and "real" executives were enlisted to fill supervisory positions. In the final article of the column, authors Jennifer and Christophe Veltsos provide a cautionary note. Although technology-mediated communication certainly provides a wealth of options for teaching and learning, it can also infringe on a student's right to privacy, violate the fair use of intellectual property, or breach the regulations of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. They provide excellent advice and resources for instructors who plan to incorporate new media in their courses.


Arne Ruckert, in his article "Producing Neoliberal Hegemony? A Neo-Gramscian Analysis of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) in Nicaragua," examines the hegemonic aspects of poverty reduction strategies in the post Washington consensus. In his critical reading of the PRSP, Ruckert considers the extent to which this latest global "development" initiative differs from earlier structural adjustment programs. Taking Nicaragua as his case study, Ruckert argues that the PRSP can be seen as an attempt by international financial institutions to rebuild hegemony, but this is not the only result. Ruckert explores not only the ways in which counterhegemonic ideas can be drawn into the service of neoliberalism, but also how those ideas can have positive, perhaps unintended, effects.


EcoRV, a restriction enzyme in Escherichia coli, destroys invading foreign DNA by cleaving it at the center step of a GATATC sequence. In the EcoRV–cognate DNA crystallographic complex, a sharp kink of 50° has been found at the center base‐pair step (TA). In a previous research, we have examined the interplay between the intrinsic propensity of the cognate sequence to kink and the induction by the enzyme, and have understood the mechanism of action of the enzyme and the intrinsically behavior of the cognate sequence to undergo a kink allowing the proper placement of the atoms for cleavage. We have also demonstrated that the enzyme requires 2 magnesium ions at the catalytic site to perform the cleavage.


In the present research5, the knowledge level and the perceptions of rural society that would be affected from the EU membership in many ways, basically as the practitioners and beneficiaries, and constitute 30% of the population of the country are investigated. The standpoint of individuals living in rural areas, their expectations from membership and their opinions about the membership are analysed. The study encloses the results of questionnaires administered between the last quarter of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006 with 795 women and 795 men in 18 provinces. In the study 55% of the 1590 individuals surveyed know what the EU means and 67% of these individuals lean towards the membership. It is determined that the level of consciousness of men is higher than for women. The quality enhancement in agricultural production appears to be the most remarkable expectations of both women and men from the membership. Besides it is also determined that the expectations of better employment opportunities and the attainment of an increase in income are higher among women.


The purpose of this study is to learn why students have trouble working through questions about whole number operations. Descriptive qualitative research was used to conduct the study. Based on the results of daily tests that met the Minimum Completeness criteria (KKM), up to four third-grade students from SD Indonesia Smart, Tangerang City, were the participants in the study. Tests and interviews were used to collect data. Three story-based essai questions were included on the test instrument. According to the findings of the study, the following factors hinder students' ability to solve integer operations: 1) hardships in applying numerical activities; 2) hardships in getting it and making an interpretation of issues into numerical language; 3) troubles in taking care of issues connected with number tasks (expansion, deduction, expansion, and division). It tends to be seen from the consequences of the examination that the extent of understudies' trouble in performing number-crunching tasks comes to 60%.


A supermagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) microspheres is emerging as an ideal tool for cell tracking and drug targeting delivery. However, its low intracellular labeling efficiency has limited the potential usage. We have developed CdTe-incorporated CMCH/SiO2-coated core-shell composite microspheres, Fe3O4@SiO2@CMCH/CdTe (FSCC), with diameters of 210 nm, as a multifunctional magnetic vector that can efficiently orient targeted cells and visualize easily by UV. The multifunctional nanoparticles were injected into nude mice, and the potential usage as a dual modality imaging agent in vivo was demonstrated by MRI and UV light.


The purpose of this article is to limelight the benefit of periodontal microsurgery in the surgical disciplines. It reviews the benefits and potential applications of magnification and microsurgery in the specialty of periodontics. The increased demand for mucogingival aesthetics has required the optimisation of periodontal procedures. Microsurgery is a minimally invasive technique that is performed with the surgical microscope and adapted instruments and suture materials. Although this hardware and knowledge of various operations are necessary to achieve patient aesthetic expectations, clinicians must be willing to undergo an extended period of systematic training to become familiar with novel operating procedures and instruments. This article describes the application of the surgical microscope to provide enhanced perioplastic treatment.


The context for this paper is sensor based robotics. In contrast to the conventional hardware-based definition of robotics [ 1], our thinking is guided by the process-oriented definitions "a robot is a system that sens��, think�, and acts" [2] and "robotics is the application of intelligence to the control of energy and matter" [3]. Since our operational criteria specify only machine intelligence and a sensor-based window on the world, without hardware constraints, we are permitted (indeed required) to include within our purview not just machines in isolation, but also entire factories, autonomous vehicles and spacecraft, and ·sensor based systems for such abstractions as building environment control and energy management.


The blockchain is still new and unfamiliar. But blockchain appears to shake an entire technology innovation system. Blockchain is rapidly drawing attention in that it will be able to fundamentally revolutionize industry ecosystem. While cryptocurrency transactions and market capitalization have been popular in mass media, several platform operators in non-cryptocurrency areas such as jewelry, social networks, and entertainment, are also moving to introduce blockchain technology in full swing. In this brief note, we intend to present integrated theoretical strands to summarize various prospects for blockchain technology. Further, we want to provide a reflection as to whether this new technology gives opportunities, challenges, or risks to future society. Particularly, we point out one of its alternative and promising adoption that gives way to new forms of decentralized and autonomous organizations (DAOs).


In the present investigation, the first incorporation of both ferrocene scaffold and 1,2-dihydro-2-oxopyridine-3-carbonitrile pharmacophore leading to a series of structurally novel ferrocene-based hybrids has been achieved, involving the condensation reaction of ferrocenyl substituted chalcones with 2-cyanoacetamide in a freshly prepared EtONa solution at 70°. The molecular structures of these newly synthesized products were confirmed by IR, and 1H- and 13C-NMR analyses.


In 4-high mills the slit model is usually used to determine elastic roll stock deformation, in order to predict the strip profile. In this model, the roll axis deflections obtained by the simple beam theory are satisfactory, but the roll flattening obtained by the elasticity theory of the half-space or the half-plane is inaccurate. In the present paper 5 models are introduced to determine the roll flattening. Change of the roll flattening causes the change of internal pressure between work roll and back-up roll, in turn, the change of strip profile. Therefore influence of the flattening models on the strip crown was investigated. Strip crown difference between these flattening models can reach 60 μm in the present simulation. With the increase of the strip width or the roll force the strip crown difference increases, namely the model error increases. The bending jack force and roll crown have a small influence on the model error.


Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) administered intranasally as dry powders can be potentially applied for the treatment or pre-exposure prevention of viral infections in the upper respiratory tract. However, a method to transform the mAbs from liquid to dry powders suitable for intranasal administration and a device that can spray the dry powders to the desired region of the nasal cavity are needed to fully realize the potentials of the mAbs. Herein, we report that thin-film freeze-drying can be applied to prepare aerosolizable mAb dry powders and that the dry powders can be sprayed into the posterior nasal cavity using Aptar Pharma's Unidose (UDS) Powder Nasal Spray System. AUG-3387, a human-derived mAb that neutralizes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was used in the present study. First, we prepared AUG-3387 thin-film freeze-dried powders (i.e., TFF AUG-3387 powders) from liquid formulations containing different levels of mAbs. The TFF AUG-3387 powder with the highest solid content (i.e., TFF AUG-3387C powder) was then chosen for further characterization, including the evaluation of the plume geometry, spray pattern, and particle size distribution after the powder was sprayed using the UDS Powder device. Finally, the deposition patterns of the TFF AUG-3387C powder sprayed using the UDS Powder device were studied using 3D-printed nasal replica casts based on an adult model and a child model. It is concluded that it is feasible to intranasally deliver mAbs as dry powders by transforming the mAbs into dry powders using thin-film freeze-drying and then spray the powder using the UDS Powder device.


Machine learning algorithms are being used for multiple real-life applications and in research. As a consequence of digital technology, large structured and georeferenced datasets are now more widely available, facilitating the use of these algorithms to analyze and identify patterns, as well as to make predictions that help users in decision making. This research aims to identify the best machine learning algorithms to predict house prices, and to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on house prices in a Spanish city. The methodology addresses the phases of data preparation, feature engineering, hyperparameter training and optimization, model evaluation and selection, and finally model interpretation. Ensemble learning algorithms based on boosting (Gradient Boosting Regressor, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Light Gradient Boosting Machine) and bagging (random forest and extra-trees regressor) are used and compared with a linear regression model. A case study is developed with georeferenced microdata of the real estate market in Alicante (Spain), before and after the pandemic declaration derived from COVID-19, together with information from other complementary sources such as the cadastre, socio-demographic and economic indicators, and satellite images. The results show that machine learning algorithms perform better than traditional linear models because they are better adapted to the nonlinearities of complex data such as real estate market data. Algorithms based on bagging show overfitting problems (random forest and extra-trees regressor) and those based on boosting have better performance and lower overfitting. This research contributes to the literature on the Spanish real estate market by being one of the first studies to use machine learning and microdata to explore the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic on house prices.


Prediction of disease course in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of lung fibrosis extent quantified at computed tomography (CT) using data‐driven texture analysis (DTA) in a large cohort of well‐characterized patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) enrolled in a national registry.


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of transfer of the first metacarpal flaps with vascular pedicle in treatment of the ischemic necrosis of scaphoid lunatum. Methods: 34 cases treated with this way were analyzed. Results: A follow up for 10 to 20 months was carried out in 29 cases. The carpal pain disappeared in all cases. X ray showed as followings: The shapes of scaphoid and lunatum were normal and fractural line and cystoid denaturation disappeared. The bone trabecula could be seen clearly and the defects of the first metacaparl were filled up by callus. Conclusion: It is an ideal method of treating the ischemic necrosis of scaphoid and lunatum.


This paper discusses methods to adapt power semiconductors like IGBTs for subsea operation, in from 1 bar to high pressure environment, and presents tests done to demonstrate reliable operation. The paper has focus on three main challenges; the liquid dielectric and how to avoid air filled voids, where the highest electric voltage stress occur, and whether operation in liquid without gel influence on the switching. Different test approaches and test results presented show that IGBTs operate well with Midel®7131 as dielectric media. Potential advantages and challenges of bonded and press-pack technologies are shown to be quite different.


Objective. To develop and validate a partially automated algorithm to identify surgical site infections (SSIs) using commonly available electronic data to reduce manual chart review. Design. Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing specific surgical procedures over a 4-year period from 2007 through 2010 (algorithm development cohort) or over a 3-month period from January 2011 through March 2011 (algorithm validation cohort). Setting. A single academic safety-net hospital in a major metropolitan area. Patients. Patients undergoing at least 1 included surgical procedure during the study period. Methods. Procedures were identified in the National Healthcare Safety Network; SSIs were identified by manual chart review. Commonly available electronic data, including microbiologic, laboratory, and administrative data, were identified via a clinical data warehouse. Algorithms using combinations of these electronic variables were constructed and assessed for their ability to identify SSIs and reduce chart review. Results. The most efficient algorithm identified in the development cohort combined microbiologic data with postoperative procedure and diagnosis codes. This algorithm resulted in 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Time savings from the algorithm was almost 600 person-hours of chart review. The algorithm demonstrated similar sensitivity on application to the validation cohort. Conclusions. A partially automated algorithm to identify potential SSIs was highly sensitive and dramatically reduced the amount of manual chart review required of infection control personnel during SSI surveillance.


........................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................... 1 Immigrant women and resilience. .................................................................... 2 Women and migration ..................................................................................... 2 A story leading into and inspiration for this thesis .......................................... 4 Positioning the author. ..................................................................................... 6 Aims of the present study. ............................................................................... 7 Scope of the study. ........................................................................................... 7 Thesis outline. .................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................... 10 Section One: Origins and definitions of resilience inquiry. .............................. 10 Economical motivation for the study of resilience ........................................ 11 Section Two: Resiliency models and review of current literature .................... 14 Explanation of figure 1: Responses to adversity ........................................... 14 Individual qualities ........................................................................................ 20 Resilience as a coping strategy. ..................................................................... 22 Resilience forces: Inner drive and spirituality ............................................... 23 Quality of relationships .................................................................................. 24


A simplified tool is provided for simultaneous prediction of dent resistance and snap-through buckling resistance of roof panels (12,30) including the effect of roof bow placement, curvatures (R1,R2) of the roof panel (12,30), thickness of the roof (12,30), and steel grade. In one embodiment, a method of predicting snap-through buckling resistance of a sheet metal panel (12) to an applied load (26) under localized loading conditions is provided, wherein the sheet panel (12) has certain defined geometries. The method includes the steps of: identifying first and second principal radii of curvature (R1,R2) of the panel (12); identifying a thickness (t) of the panel (12); identifying the distance (L2) of a portion of the panel between structural supports (32); creating a mathematical function to determine load deflection behavior for snap-through buckling; and determining the likelihood of the panel (12) to display snap-through buckling characteristics under various localized applied loads (26) by inputting the parameters.


Corrosion science has long recognized that two of the most important parameters in characterizing the corrosivity of an aqueous environment are oxygen chemical potential and pH. These parameters not only determine the thermodynamic driving forces for various corrosion reactions, but also characterize the rates of these reactions and hence the lifetime of a particular component. The primary goal of this project is to develop an electrochemical oxygen and pH sensor for continuous use in the cycle chemistry control of power plants. In the past year, electrochemical sensors with a metal/metal oxide or metal/metal hydride internal reference electrode and a fluoride-based electrolyte tube have been developed and tested in this laboratory. The corrosion tests showed that the LaF{sub 3}-based solid electrolyte was very stable both chemically and physically in water. Furthermore, its electrical conductivity is 4 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than that of stabilized zirconia below 573 K (300{degree}C), which is the main advantage of a fluoride-based electrolyte at low temperatures. With this electrolyte and the selected internal oxygen reference electrode (Ag/Ag{sub 2}O), the electrochemical probe demonstrated Nernstian responses to the oxygen chemical potential and pH of the aqueous solution with good reproducibility. A similar cell with Zr/ZrH{sub 1+x}more » as the internal hydrogen reference electrode showed promising pH sensing characteristics. It is proposed that these two cells be combined to form a double-headed electrochemical probe to determine oxygen chemical potential and pH in the solution simultaneously.« less


Congenital ranula (CR) is a rare tumor. Few cases of prenatal diagnosis (PD) of CR have been reported in the literature and diagnosis usually is beyond 20 weeks of gestation. We report a case of a pregnant patient with 16 weeks of gestation, where ultrasound (US) visualized in her fetus, a cystic tumor protruding in his oral cavity. Basis and complementary studies, including fetal echocardiography, were normal. Serial two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) US studies monitored fetal growth, amniotic fluid, progressive changes in the cystic mass, and maxillary movements. At 38.5 weeks of gestation, a cesarean section was performed. At 17th neonate days old, the neonate was done the simple and complete excision. Early PD of CR is possible. In this case was done as early as at 16 weeks of gestation. This is the first CR reported case with the earliest PD (16 week of gestation). We recommend that during the first trimester US, the oral cavity must be well explored, to rule out tumors.


This study is on behalf of Roke Buss and aims to identify the significant environmental impacts of the company as well as to review the environmental requirements posted by public buyers. The study is divided in two sections; the first section is a document analysis that analyses RFQs (request of quotation) of school bus services from the municipalities within Scania to identify its environmental requirements. In the first section all municipalities within Scania were contacted to and the environmental requirements stated in their most recent RFQs of school bus services were reviewed. In total 17 of 33 municipalities had RFQs available. The environmental requirements were EMS (environmental management system), Eco-driving education, environmental friendly washing of the busses and requirements of the busses (CO2 emissions, age etc.). The second one is a case study of Roke Buss. The case study is based on document analysis, observations and an interview and serves to inform the identification of the environmental aspects relevant for Roke Buss. The environmental aspects are then classified according to significance. The significant environmental aspects were transportation, chemicals and energy. The study concludes that in most municipalities routine and technical based knowledge is a requirement and in some occasions EMS is required. To be able to meet all municipalities requirements Roke Buss has to initiate an EMS. Showed from the initial environmental review Roke Buss should take a closer look at their chemical use and routines for chemicals and to take measures to use more environmental friendly chemicals and lower the environmental impact if an accident would happen. Finally, the study recommends that Roke Buss should consider its heating solution from oil to more environmental friendly options. (Less)


Based on thermodynamic principles a theory for equilibrium interfacial segregation is proposed for perovskite materials, and this theory is applied to BaTiO3. An approach developed by Frenkel and refined by Kliewer and Koehler is extended to undoped ternary oxide materials such as BaTiO3. The approach uses regular solution approximations and considers space charge effects as the major driving force for segregation. The analysis based on this model indicates the presence of a negative space charge potential (−0.1 V at 800°C) at the surface of pure BaTiO3. The model also predicts cation enrichment at the interface. The thickness of the space charge layer decreases with increasing temperature, and calculated values agree well with experimental results. Since both elastic and electrostatic driving forces are important for dopant/impurity segregation, an approach where the grain boundary is considered to be a two-dimensional phase, in equilibrium with the three-dimensional phase of the grain, proves useful. Solving for the impurity/dopant segregation ratio is case specific and requires knowledge of the charge neutrality conditions as well as the strain energy contribution.


Abstract The temperature dependence of tracer self-diffusion measurements in cadmium is analyzed in conjunction with investigations of the equilibrium concentration of vacancies by thermal expansion and positron annihilation. The following values for the monovacancy migration enthalpies are obtained: H M IV,A = 0.48 eV for A -jumps (nearest-neighbour jumps in the basal plane), H M IV,B = 0.40 eV for B-jumps (nearest-neighbour jumps out of the basal plane). A nomenclature for the recovery stages of irradiated cadmium is proposed that is fully analogous to that for f.c.c. metals. It is shown that Stage IV, for which an activation energy of (0.38 ± 0.03) eV has been measured, must be attributed to monovacancy migration, whereas Stage III, with activation energies varying between (0.23 ± 0.02) eV and (0.27 ± 0.03) eV, has to be assigned to the migration of self-interstitials. The spread in Stage-III activation energies and the unusual recovery kinetics may be understood in terms of a strong anisotropy in the ...


Women and Bullfighting: Gender, Sex and the Consumption of Tradition. Sarah Pink. Oxford and New York: Berg Publishers, 1997. 234 pp.


This article aims at depicting the development of the outreach program of the School of Modern Languages of the University of Costa Rica titled, "An Approach to Foreign Languages in Centro Infantil Laboratorio," taking into account the findings of a study carried out at end of the year 2009, which helped establish the main strengths and challenges of this project.


This interesting book is packed full of much valuable information of interest to practicing physicians. It was compiled from a series of authoritative articles which were published in the British Medical Journal between 1958 and 1960 under the general heading "Drug Treatment of Disease." The articles were revised by the authors so that the information is current. They are relatively short and easy to read, and the authors do not dwell on the mechanisms of drug action involved but handle this material in a straightforward fashion without distress to the reader. They emphasize the treatment aspect of drugs; and do not gloss over the question of the toxic potential of the drugs. The articles have been grouped arbitrarily by systems for convenience. The book was designed expressly to help the practicing physician and provides him with information on new drugs and information which compares new drugs with one another and


This paper is the second of a set of 3 papers dealing with the role of coherent partitioning as a common element in Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), by which is meant cold-fusion related processes. This paper discusses the first step in a sequence of 4 steps that seem to be necessary to explain Iwamura 2-alpha-addition surface transmutations. Three concepts are examined: saltmetal interface states, sequential tunneling that transitions D+ ions from localized interstitial to Bloch form, and the general applicability of 2-dimensional vs. 3-dimensional symmetry hosting networks. INTRODUCTION Iwamura et al.1 have developed a LENR process that converts surface Cs atoms into surface Pr atoms using deuterium permeation through a specially structured, largely metal assembly. The assembly consists of a Pd substrate on which are deposited 4 layers of 2-nm CaO overcoated with 8nm Pd, plus 1 CaO layer overcoated with a 40-nm Pd inflow layer. The Iwamura assembly is used as a permeable barrier between a D2-pressurized volume and a vacuum volume. ENVISIONED PROCESS I speculatively model the process as follows. At a CaO,Pd interface, a diffusing deuteron is converted into a coherently-partitioned, nuclearly reactive Bloch form D+Bloch.2 Multiple Bloch deuterons organize themselves into a many-body Bloch-ion subsystem. Independent subsystems form on different CaO crystallites, as shown in Fig. 1. In these subsystems Bloch deuterons fuse, creating Bloch helium ions 4He++Bloch. In a second step two 4He++Bloch fuse, creating a product nucleus 8Be4+Bloch, which is stabilized by being coherently partitioned. The 8Be4+Bloch is energized by increases in coherent partitioning in a process that uses nuclear energy to mobilize the Be ion. The 8Be4+Bloch nucleus spreads out beyond the hosting CaO-metal interface, spreading along accessible Pd-crystallite boundaries, including the interfaces between metal and gas, and metal and vacuum. A Cs atom protruding above the mean surface of the Pd metal is overlapped and infiltrated by the 8Be4+Bloch. The Cs nucleus combines with and absorbs the 8Be4+Bloch nucleus, and becomes a Pr atom. Both the formation of Bloch helium and the transmutation of surface Cs into Pr are exothermic processes.


Multiple sclerosis is an appalling disease which destroys the insulatic covers of the connections between neurons, causing disability and death. Its etiology is not yet fully understood and causes remain still unknown; therefore mathematical and computational models can help to test and verify biological hypoteses, and to understand the immune mechanisms involved. We present an extension of an agent based model that demonstrated able to describe the most common form of multiple sclerosis (relapsing-remitting) coupled with the presence of an important external factor that can improve the disease course: Vitamin D. We investigate the role of Vitamin D by a qualitative point of view, taking into account its well known immunomodulatory mechanisms.


The problem of this study was the identification of selected characteristics of Minnie Stevens Piper Professors. Purposes of the study were: (a) to determine characteristics of Minnie Stevens Piper Professors, and (b) to determine whether these professors possess characteristics which typify outstanding college teachers as described by the Selection Research, Incorporated College Teacher Perceiver interview. Forty subjects, 20 from community colleges and 20 from senior colleges, were randomly selected from the 1978 through 1988 lists of Piper Professors. Fifteen community college and 11 senior college professors agreed to participate by being interviewed with the College Teacher Perceiver. This interview identified 13 characteristics, or themes, of excellent college teachers.


Abstact: The effect of Altrenogest as a method for synchronization of oestrus in gilts was investigated. The synthetic progesterone Altrenogest was given on a daily base through feeding to 207 nrs. gilts (Topigs 40) on 20 mg/gilts for 18 consecutive days. The animals were examined for oestrus occurrence starting on the second days after withdrawal of the hormonal treatment. The average interval from the end of Altrenogest treatment to oestrus appearance was 5.69±0.91 days. The age of gilts at treatment did not shown the statistical effect over the reproductive performance of gilts. The highest reproductive parameters were obtained in gilts inseminated at 136-140 kg on live weight. The seasons (months) of the year have statistically effect on the results of the synchronization of oestrus. Altrenogest treatment is an effective method for oestrus synchronization in pubertal gilts. The weight and first– mating age of animals as well as the seasons of the year may influence the interval between the end of the treatment to oestrus signs and the reproductive performance.


Objective:To observe the clinical care of patients with severe burns in the application of the theory orem self-care effect. Methods: The hospital in admitted 106 cases of severe burn patients were randomly divided into two groups (Orem self theory care group) and control group (usual care group) with 53 cases in each group,to compare the clinical effect between two groups. Results: The observation group and control group from the anxiety score,again on the entire complex difference between the rate and morbidity were significantly (P0.01). Conclusion: Orem self care theory in patients with severe burn patients can significantly reduce anxiety and improve prognosis.


This article deals with the system of remedies provided by the legislator to sanction unjustified dismissal (i.e. dismissal without "giusta causa" or justified reason). Reintegration is the excep-tion in this system, while compensation is the rule. Hence some indications for the interpreta-tion of the criteria set by the legislator to identify the applicable sanction on each occasion. These criteria have been elaborated by the legislator by isolating within the case of the "giusta causa" or the justified reason the essential nucleus constituted by the "fact" contested in the disciplinary dismissal and by the fact constituting the justified objective reason to apply rein-statement only in case of non-existence (or manifest absence) of this fact. A survey that, unlike the one aimed at ascertaining the existence of the "giusta causa" or justified reason, presents very limited margins of discretion and excludes the assessment of the proportionality between the infringement and the sanction applied (art. 2106 of the Italian civil code).


In this work we show that the presence of a vector field on cosmological scales could explain the present phase of accelerated expansion of the Universe. The proposed theory contains no dimensional parameters nor potential terms and does not require unnatural initial conditions in the early universe, thus avoiding the so-called cosmic coincidence problem. In addition, it fits the data from high-redshift supernovae with excellent precision, making definite predictions for cosmological parameters. Upcoming observations will be able to clearly discriminate this model from standard cosmology with cosmological constant.


This report describes injecting rooms in Switzerland, and discusses the history of injecting rooms, the context in which they began, and how they operate. These are observations made during a visit to Switzerland in February 1996, and from discussions with health workers and researchers in Switzerland.


In a greenhouse experiment, aimed to verify differences in growth of Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) BK Simon & SWL Jacobs (guinea-grass) and two native species a pionner and non-pionner trees ( Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth and Poecilanthe parviflora Benth. respectively) at four shading levels, three fertility levels and two soil water conditions. The grass grew more in high soil fertility and lower shading, and grass biomass depend on shade level, soil fertility and water availability interactions. Also, there were more grass growth and biomass when growing with a pionner tree, that presented mortality in some pots. Heliocarpus popayanensis height depends of soil fertility - stem diameter and leaf number variations were not related to these factors. P. parviflora heigth growth depended on shading, soil fertility and water disponibility interactions. Stem diameter variations reply to soil fertility and leaf number to shading and water avaibility interactions. These results pointed to a heterogeneity in the relationship between the alien grass and native tree species.


A famous theorem of Schur states that for a group $G$ finiteness of $G/Z(G)$ implies the finiteness of $G'.$ The converse of Schur's theorem is an interesting problem which has been considered by some authors. Recently, Podoski and Szegedy proved the truth of the converse of Schur's theorem for capable groups. They also established an explicit bound for the index of the center of such groups. This paper is devoted to determine some families of groups among non-capable groups which satisfy the converse of Schur's theorem and at the same time admit the Podoski and Szegedy's bound as the upper bound for the index of their centers.


(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101:1282–1290)
 Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been shown to have little effect on fertility after the effects of acute injury have abated, but studies examining the effects of SCI on pregnancy and delivery in detail are lacking. Previous studies have shown that, in general, pregnancy outcomes remain positive, even though SCI increases the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth because of lack of sensation and movement below the injury level. These previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, single locations, and retrospective study design. This study aimed to examine the incidence of pregnancy in individuals with SCI, as well as pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes at a population level.


A selective method has been developed for extraction and separation of U VI with the chemically synthesized high molecular mass crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) coated on silanized silica gel. The coated materials act as a stationary phase for the extraction chromatographic studies. The structure and thermal stability of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) has been elucidated with the help of FTIR and TGA. The optimum pH range for quantitative extraction of uranium was found to be 4 to 6. The effects of pH and stripping agent on extraction and elution of U VI have been investigated. Ion exchange and break-through capacity of the exchanger (polymer coated on silanized silica gel) have been determined at room temperature. Surface morphology of the exchanger was studied by SEM. U VI has been separated quantitatively from various synthetic aqueous mixtures containing metal ions (V IV , Th IV , Ce IV , Pb II , Hg", In III , Fe III and Zr IV ) commonly present in uranium ores and fission products. The method permits pre-concentration and sequential separation of U VI from Ce VI , Th IV and Zr IV of the same analytical group. A plausible mechanism for uranium ion exchange has been suggested.


The changes in national financial systems during the last two decades are reflected, inter alia, in the emergence of Fintech firms. The name is a portmanteau from the words finance and technology. These include online platforms for raising and lending funds, robots-consultants, crypto currency trading, securities trading, electronic payments, digital investment management. They do not have to comply with prudential regulations as banks. They have become competitors to banks in performing banking operations. In order for someone to do business with Fintech firms, it is enough to have a mobile phone. In their business, they are exposed to financial and operational risks. Financial risks can occur in the form of maturity mismatch risk and liquidity mismatch risk. Operational risks can be caused by human error and inadequate information systems. For ten years now, Fintech firms have been operating in European countries undergoing transition. The governments of these countries have also encouraged the proliferation of Fintech firms by establishment of innovation authorities. In recent years, the operations of Fintech firms have been more adequately regulated by supervisory institutions by enacting regulations that cover their operations. The European supervisory institutions have enacted measures that are related to business operations of Fintech firms, but despite these efforts, regional differences between EU member states are still present.


Providing instruction in music listening is one of the more challenging responsibilities for general music teachers at the middle and junior high school levels. These educators frequently feel better prepared to teach for performance outcomes-singing, playing instruments, moving to music-than for listening skills; after all, they have observed many models of teaching for performance outcomes while participating in ensembles, or in methods classes or inservice workshops focusing on the performanceaspectof musicianship. The purpose of this article, then, is to address the teaching of music listening by providing a review of recent literature regarding the listening aspect of musicianship in the general music class.


ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze whether socioeconomic and clinical aspects and the aspects of healthy life habits are associated with the quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS This is a cross-sectional exploratory quantitative research, with 227 persons living with HIV/AIDS, treated at two hospitals of reference between April 2012 and June 2014. We used structured questionnaires to assess socioeconomic aspects (gender, age, education level, marital status, race, socioeconomic status, dependents on family income, employment relationship), clinical parameters (time of disease diagnosis, use and time of medication, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load), and practice of physical exercise. To assess quality of life, we used the Quality of Life questionnaire (HAT-QoL). For characterization of the socioeconomic and clinical data and domains of quality of life, we conducted a descriptive analysis (simple frequency, averages, and standard deviations). We applied linear regression, following a hierarchical model for each domain of quality of life. RESULTS The domains that presented lower averages for quality of life were financial concern, concern with confidentiality, general function, and satisfaction with life. We found associations with the variables of socioeconomic status and physical exercise, therapy, and physical exercise for the last two domains, consecutively. CONCLUSIONS The quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS shows losses, especially in the financial and confidentiality areas, followed by general function of the body and satisfaction with life, in which socioeconomic and clinical aspects and healthy living habits, such as the practice of physical exercise, are determining factors for this reality.


Wheel shaft weighing instrument is an weighing apparatus that measure the weight of wheels,shafts and the whole vehicle itself.There many factors which can influence the measure error of the wheel shaft weighing instrument.The paper deeply analyses the different structure of a vehicle which can bring different influences to wheel shaft weighing instrument?s measure error.The paper also discusses the other factors bring influences to wheel shaft weighing instrument?s measure error.


A 68-year-old man was seen at the hospital because of hematemesis. Castroendoscopic examination revealed no evidence of bleeding, but a flat and slightly elevated lesion in the middle of the intrathoracic esophagus, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by the biopsy specimen and an elevated lesion in the posterior wall of the lesser curvature of the upper part of the gastric body, diagnosed as well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Total thoracic esophagectomy and a total gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection were performed. Pathologically the esophageal lesion was partially covered with a normal squamous cell epithelium and presented wide submucosal spreading but remained in the submucosal layer. And the carcinoma was composed of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma which has a d-PAS and alcian-blue positive mucin. Therefore the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus was made. There was n2 lymph node metastasis (stage III). The gastric lesion presented slight submucosal invasion and was diagnosed as well differentiated adenocarcinoma (stage Ia). Immunohistochemically, p53 was positive in almost all cells of the gastric cancer, but negative in both squamous cell carcinma and adenocarcinoma components. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were not performed. The patient is alive 1 year after the operation.


OBJECTIVES: To assess whether there is an association between delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy to older women with breast cancer and development of dementia over time.


A high-speed HEC (header error control) algorithm for the 16-bit mode of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) interface system is presented. Thanks to using the property of the Galois field and the parallelism of the linear feedback shift register, this algorithm is very efficient and simple in accomplishing the more than 622 Mbps of cell transmission. Through implementing in VHDL (very-high-speed-integrated-circuit hardware description language), the comparison of the proposed algorithm with the byte-mode algorithm shows that the proposed algorithm has lower latency, higher throughput and less hardware complexity than the latter.


The effect of conflicting visual and kinesthetic information on body position in the mice has been investigated. Riess et al. (1950) reported that rats posture was different for 10 degrees to the right us. 10 degrees to the left inclination of the visual field. Neither this nor other effects on body position were observed submitting random breed mice to a similar procedure suggesting that a cognitive difference exists between the two species.


Protein nuclear transport is an important process in eukaryotic cells, and is closely related to the normal function of cells. Normally, protein nuclear transport is accomplished by nuclear receptor mediation, which requires the participation of multiple proteins. Therefore, protein nuclear transport cannot be separated from the interaction between proteins. In this paper, the relationship between protein interaction and protein nuclear transport is studied, and its effects on cellular and physiological functions are analyzed from many aspects.


Study Objectives:
 Several prehospital stroke scales have been developed to provide quick and accurate triage to facilitate timely treatment. This study evaluated a portable, experimental EEG device using AI as a tool for detection of acute stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) among patients with neurological deficits. Both device performance and feasibility in the emergent setting were assessed.

 Methods:
 This observational study enrolled a convenience sample of emergency department (ED) patients evaluated for suspected stroke within 24 hours of symptom onset. LVO and stroke status were determined by local neuroradiologists blinded to device output. LVO was defined as an acute occlusion of any of the following arteries: ICA/MCA-(M1 or M2)/vertebral/ basilar. Controls were neurologically normal subjects (NIHSS=0).

 Results:
 From May 2018 to July 2019, eight urban US stroke centers enrolled 89 subjects being evaluated for stroke. In suspected stroke subjects, 68 had stroke (76%) and 23 had LVO (26%). Mean (± SD) age was 68 (± 14), 36% were female, and the median (IQR) NIH stroke score was 6 (3 - 12) among suspected stroke subjects. The median last known well time was 327 minutes (196 - 577). Device performance for detecting LVO is shown in Table 1. There were no severe adverse events related to use of the device.

 Conclusion:
 The neuromonitoring device performed well in identifying LVO in patients presenting with suspected stroke. The performance of the neuromonitoring device in the acute setting indicates that it may be able to support prehospital decision making when triaging suspected stroke subjects. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate this study's findings.


Two samples of commercial Pd from the same batch were reacted with D using the electrolytic method and found to produce sustained excess power and energy. The effects of temperature, applied current, and D/Pd ratio on the amount of excess power were studied. c © 2016 ISCMNS. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123


The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and concentrations of nickel in painted walls of selected rural residential buildings in Lagos, Nigeria with a view to determine the health risk of the occupants. Microorganisms isolated were Bacillus subtilis, B. brevis, B. megaterium, B. circulans and Enterobacter gergoviae with population density ranging from 1.0 - 2.1 and 0.5 -1.9 x 105 cfu/g in the outdoor and indoor samples respectively. Nickel concentration was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Here we reported the detection of nickel in all samples obtained from thirteen rural locations with concentrations ranging from 2.240 to 11.353 and from 1.241 to 13.309 mg/l in outdoor and indoor samples respectively. Nickel concentrations showed the levels were above the maximum permissible limits recommended by USEPA. The rural populace in these areas may be at risk.


Hyperglycemia (HG) exacerbates cerebral edema and worsens ischemic stroke outcome although the mechanisms are unclear. We have shown that ischemic factor stimulation of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) Na‐K‐Cl cotransport (NKCC) and Na/H exchange (NHE) increases secretion of Na and water into the brain, promoting cerebral edema formation. We recently found that HG (30 mM glucose; 6, 24,48 hr and 7 d) increases cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) NKCC and NHE abundance and activity and augments ischemic factor‐stimulated transporter activity. Serum‐glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) and protein kinase CβII (PKCβII) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HG. Thus, here we examined whether SGK1 and PKCβII are involved in HG effects on BBB NKCC and NHE using cultured CMEC and Western blot, radioisotopic flux and microspectrofluorometry methods. HG (24 or 48 hr) significantly increased expression and activation of CMEC SGK1 and PKCβII. Inhibition of SGK1 or PKCβII with GSK650394 (10 μM) and CGP53353 (1 μM) respectively, reduced or abolished HG‐increased NKCC and NHE activity. In these studies we also found that HG (24 hr) significantly increased astrocyte NKCC activity in a manner reduced by SGK1 and PKCβII inhibitors. Our findings support the hypothesis that HG exacerbation of cerebral edema in ischemic stroke involves SGK1 and PKCβII‐induced increases in BBB and astrocyte Na transporter activities.


The optional maturity programming exam is considered as an outcome of the secondary curriculum on information technologies in Lithuania. The most important part of the exam is the evaluation of the students' programs. A special application was developed for automatic and manual evaluation of programs. It evaluates program correctness, programming constructs and style. The application proposes a score to evaluators who make the final decision. A comparison of evaluations shows potency in this area.


An ultraviolet curable resin, inorganic particles, polytetrafluoroethylene, including ethylene, and a photopolymerization initiator provides a hard coating composition. It provides a flooring comprising a hard coating layer formed by using the hard coat composition to a vinyl chloride resin-based material layer surface.


The invention discloses a method of preparation natural mineral adsorption pottery slice. Key point of technical project is: selecting natural mineral adsorption filtration agent as raw material, moistening with water, pressing to disc slice, airing, roasting, cooling and getting the product. There is interconnection labyrinth-type micropore in the pottery slice which is benefit for organic bacterium growth and reproduction and decreases ammonia and nitrogen content of breed water body. The oxygen content of breed water body can increase by aeration process. The natural mineral adsorption pottery slice can adsorb diversified harmful substance generated by organism metabolism and heavy metal, and is adapted for breed water purifying and other water quality process.


Background: The aim of this study was to clarify factors predicting the performance of knowledge-based planning (KBP) models in volume modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer in terms of sparing the organ at risk (OAR). Materials and methods: In three institutions, each KBP model was trained by more than 20 library plans (LP) per model. To validate the characterization of each KBP model, 45 validation plans (VP) were calculated by the KBP system. The ratios of overlap between the OAR volume and the planning target volume (PTV) to the whole organ volume (V overlap /V whole ) were analyzed for each LP and VP. Regression lines between dose–volume parameters (V 90 , V 75 , and V 50 ) and V overlap /V whole were evaluated. The mean OAR dose, V 90 , V 75 , and V 50 of LP did not necessarily match those of VP. Results: In both the rectum and bladder, the dose–volume parameters for VP were strongly correlated with V overlap /V whole at institutes A, B, and C (R > 0.74, 0.85, and 0.56, respectively). Except in the rectum at institute B, the slopes of the regression lines for LP corresponded to those for VP. For dose–volume parameters for the rectum, the ratios of slopes of the regression lines in VP to those in LP ranged 0.51–1.26. In the bladder, most ratios were less than 1.0 (mean: 0.77). Conclusion: For each OAR, each model made distinct dosimetric characterizations in terms of V overlap /V whole . The relationship between dose–volume parameters and V overlap /V whole of OARs in LP pre- dicts the KBP models' performance sparing OARs.


THE OUTER CIRCLE Women in the Scientific Community edited by Harriet Zuckerman, Jonathan R. Cole and John T. Bruer

WHOSE SCIENCE? WHOSE KNOWLEDGE? Thinking from Women's Lives by Sandra Harding


Cooking is an activity that is repeatedly every day. Cooking by applying occupational health and safety will ease and simplify the process, the time and energy needed will also be more efficient. The purpose of this research is to raise public awareness of the importance of implementing occupational health and safety, specifically ergonomics and physiology in all activities, especially when cooking. The method that I used in this research is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through direct case studies in "Warmindo" around UNS. The result of this research is to inform the whole community about the importance of implementing occupational health and safety, specifically ergonomics and physiology. This research effort, so that the public knows and aware of the importance of implementing occupational health and safety, because if people apply occupational health and safety in their activities it will reduce the number of work accidents in Indonesia and the community will also save energy and time. this research can introduce the public to work that is safe, healthy, and avoid work-related diseases in accordance with existing standards in occupational safety and health regulations. If the community apply it to their lives so that it can have an impact by reducing the level of work accidents or injuries due to improper work positions.


Intensive pesticide applications are used for plant protection in Turkey and in the world. Orchard sprayers, field sprayers and atomizers are commonly used machinery for pesticide applications. The recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies have made multi rotor UAVs suitable for precision pesticide applications as these vehicles do not damage crop due to field traffic, can operate in sloping terrain freely and have data storage capabilities. Despite these advantages, their relatively high costs and requirements for technical skills to operate these vehicles are among the factors limiting their use in agriculture. In this research, a prototype multi rotor UAV for aerial pesticide applications was designed and manufactured. Computer aided design and analyses were used for the development of the UAV. The developed hexacopter UAV has an aluminum frame and carries a 5 liters pesticide tank and powered by a 222 W battery. The UAV is also equipped with an aerial camera, GPS and electronics a suitable for autonomous flights. The laboratory and field experiments were conducted to verify the features of the developed UAV successfully.


Successful purification of hyaluronic acid (HA) was achieved in about 60% recovery by a strong acid cation exchange resin column which was connected i n series with another strong base anion exchange resin (modified with histidin e ) column, using NaCl solution as an eluant. The molecular weight of the purifie d HA was more than 9.41×10 5 and the protein content was less than 0.075%. The i nfluences of flow rate, concentration, and pH value of eluant upon purification were studied to give the optimum condition.