INTRODUCTION: Early enteral nutrition is beneficial in critically ill patients Enteral nutrition may reduce muscle wasting, decrease length of ICU stay, stress ulcer development, maintain gut health, and reduce risk of bacterial pneumonia In this study, we looked to see whether mechanically ventilated SARS-CoV-2 patients were receiving adequate tube feeds, identify barriers to feeding, and follow clinical outcomes in these patients with prolonged ICU stays due to hypoxemia METHODS: Study Design: This study involved retrospective chart review of 33 mechanically ventilated patients at a medium sized university based hospital from February 2020 to April 2020 who had ARDS secondary to SARSCoV- 2 Main Outcomes and Measures: i) ICU length of stay ii) Time to initiation of tube feeding iii) Days Goal Caloric Intake achieved iv) Barriers to early tube feeding v) Mortality outcomes vi) Disposition RESULTS: On average, these patients were intubated for 12 1 ± 7 6 days and ICU length of stay was 15 6 ± 9 6 days Initiation of tube feeding was 3 7 ± 2 5 days after mechanical ventilation The main barriers to starting early enteral nutrition were vasopressor usage (93 9%), paralytics (69 6%), and proning (48 5%) For 64 34 ± 25 3% of the days intubated did the patients receive tube feeds, and only 39 7 ± 25 7% of the days intubated did patients receive one hundred percent of their goal caloric intake Survival rate for patients aged ≥65 years was higher in patients tube fed >50% of the intubated days, compared to those who were tube fed for ≤50% of intubated days Patients suffered severe protein calorie malnutrition and their BMI dropped by 8 2% at time of discharge Also, patients with BMI ≥30 and age ≥65 years, had a 75% mortality rate, which was 1 7 times the overall average mortality rate of 45 5% Of the 54 5% patients who survived the hospitalization, 12 12% were discharged home 31 5% of the survived patients developed critical illness myopathy requiring aggressive rehabilitation therapy CONCLUSIONS: Delayed initiation of enteral nutrition in intubated SARS-CoV-2 patients was mainly due to vasopressor and paralytic usage Further studies are also needed to evaluate the nutritional requirements of intubated SARS-CoV-2 patients with long ICU stays as compared to non SARS-CoV-2 patients


The Arthurian and Grail narratives of the High Middle Ages, particularly by means of their adventures and quests, occupied a new territory in the imagina tion of Western Europe. In a manner that might be likened to the expansion of Europe and Europeans in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries into the Holy Land in the Crusades,1 and of Germans from their population concentrations close to the Rhine into the eastern territories,2 the courtlychivalric romances – via their basic dynamic of movement from courtlychivalric centers outward – find their way in wild, often uncharted landscapes, full of dangers, and upon overcoming them, claim and occupy them on behalf of God and knighthood. The connection suggested here may be more than an analogy. If imagined worlds and actions expand, enrich and multiply perspectives of the real world and of possible actions in it, then the courtlychivalric romances are not only a new kind of narrative art that reiterates the increasing expansion and control one notes in other cultural and political domains in the High Middle Ages, but also a new intellectual and emotional enabler of expansion and control. With their tendency to displace armed aggression away from relatively pacific courtly centers in their characteristic dynamic movement outward (in adventures, quests), for example, the courtlychivalric romances render perspectives and possibilities concerning aggression management and the more effective functioning of growing and more concentrated social groups that define themselves mainly in military terms (like the noble populations responsible for the development of the romances).3 The romances, in this particular feature (i.e., in their rendering of the outward


Psychiatrists working in collaborative care networks must be readily available to primary care physicians who are seeking guidance on a patient's treatment.


Generative adversarial network (GAN), put forward by two-person zero-sum game theory, is one of the most important research hotspots in the field of artificial intelligence. With a generator network and a discriminator network, GAN is trained by adversarial learning. In this paper, we aim to discusses the development status of GAN. We first introduce the basic idea and training process of GAN in detail, and summarize the structure and structure of GAN derivative models, including conditional GAN, deep convolution DCGAN, WGAN based on Wasserstein distance and WGAN-GP based on gradient strategy. We also introduce the specific applications of GAN in the fields of information security, face recognition, 3D and video technology, and summarize the shortcomings of GAN. Finally, we look forward to the development trend of GAN.


A comprehensive measurement of the differential cross section for ..pi../sup + -/p and pp elastic scattering has been made at large center-of-mass angles. ..pi../sup -/p and pp scattering were measured with incident laboratory momenta ranging from 2 to 9.5 GeV/c. ..pi../sup +/p scattering was measured with momenta from 2 to 6.3 GeV/c. Scattering angles were in the range -0.3 < or approx. = costheta/sub c.m./ < or approx. = 0.4. The results of the experiment are compared to constituent models and statistical models.


Abstract Teachers have faced various challenges during the coronavirus pandemic, including lack of skills and knowledge to teach remotely, unstable or no internet access for students in rural areas, and increasing needs to stimulate student motivation. In this article, we introduce the design, development, and implementation of a stand-alone package of multilayer videos that can be delivered to learners with or without internet access. The multilayer videos simulate real classroom environments and learning experiences to facilitate remote learning, and consist of three layers: session guidance videos (Layer 1), content instructional videos (Layer 2), and activity videos (Layer 3). The session guidance videos provide students with a road map of the class session. The content instructional videos are designed to introduce the course content. The activity videos are developed to enhance hands-on learning activities. A case study was conducted in which we used such multilayer videos to teach right triangle trigonometry. Preliminary results from the case study showed that most students gained knowledge from watching the videos. In addition, students gave positive written feedback on the multilayer videos. However, they still preferred the conventional in-person learning approach to the multilayer video learning approach. We provide our suggestions on designing multilayer videos to enhance remote learning.


Until within comparatively recent years the temporary migrant or "bird of passage," as he is familiarly called, has played an insignificant part in the industrial history of this country. Temporary migration demands ease and cheapness of transportation together with a wide knowledge of industrial opportunity. Until the working classes of one country are acquainted with the opportunities for employment in other countries, and until rapid and cheap facilities for transportation have made these opportunities available for laborers at a distance, temporary migration will not arise. To the European the most common form of this phenomenon is seasonal migration, Sachsengdnerei, i.e., the movement of laborers, and in particular of farm laborers, to take advantage of the opportunities of employment during the summer months. The laborers generally leave the home country in the spring and return in the autumn, taking their earnings with them. There is a considerable movement of this nature of laborers from Italy to France, from Ireland to England, of the Flemish to Holland and France, and of the Poles to Germany. A common form of this migration is to be found where the supply of laborers in the home country is insufficient to meet the demands made by some extraordinary construction. Such tasks usually require low-grade labor upon some more or less permanent transportation project. The digging of a canal or a subway, the building of a railroad through some sparsely settled country, demands the presence of a large body of unskilled laborers during the period of construction. If the project is of great magnitude, like the digging of the Panama Canal, these laborers will be drawn from a large number of different countries. Temporary provision will be made for their support and entertainment during the period of construction, and at its close most of the laborers will return to


A qualitative paleoclimatic curve for the Arctic coastal region of northeast Asia from the Paleocene through the Pleistocene is presented, based largely on palynological material. The curve is based on material from the basin of the lower Kolyma River, with stratigraphic gaps filled by material from the Kolyma-Indigirka interfluve.


In writing this scholarly discussion about the making of the Memorandum of Electronic Motor Delly. Where in making this application the writer use Visual Basic 6.0, MS Access database which is also explained about database design and program design of the entire form in the show, among others, form the main menu MMenu.frm in this application which includes options for led to other forms. Cetak.frm is the main form in which the activities of the transactions, this form resembles the form of notes that users are familiar with the memorandum of the manual can be more adaptable and user friendly to users who are unfamiliar with computers. DialogBaru.frm is a form that was designed to add new data into the database in a way that is not onerous and difficult than the old conventional ways. DialogGanti.frm made as simple as possible which allows users to change data items quickly.


The proximal flow have been introduced and studied by J. Auslander [1] and R. Ellis [2]. S. Glasner showed the various properties of the proximal flow in [7]. S. K. Kaul [3] have introduced the first prolongation set which contains the orbit closure. We define the F-proximal flow and $FP_\pi(y)$ by using the first prolongation set and investigated its properties.


Nature boasts a myriad examples of coloration achieved purely through the physical interaction of light with nano-scale features also known as biophotonic nanostructures. From reptiles to insects, birds to flora, structural coloration has been achieved through a variety of fascinating nano-architectures that leverage different physics. Beyond structural coloration, these nanostructures are often truly multifunctional. For instance, biophotonic nanostructures can also serve as self-cleaning and bactericidal surfaces, gas and thermal sensors, waveguides and beam splitters. With the growing need for robust and compact biomedical devices, the requirement to embed multiple functionalities towards sensing, monitoring, diagnostics and therapeutics within a diminutive device footprint becomes crucial. In this regard, inspiration from the multifunctionality of biophotonic nanostructures can prove to be greatly beneficial for medical applications. Consequently, this work attempts to showcase various examples of the utilization of nanostructures inspired from biophotonic nanostructures for biomedical applications under various overlapping themes such as ophthalmic sensors, bioinspired optics and plasmonic biosensing. This thesis is summarized in two parts. The first part (Chapters 2--4) introduces a proof-of-concept optical intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor implant and various challenges faced during its in vivo implementation. In Chapter 3, nanostructures inspired by light-trapping epidermal micro-/nanostructures on flower petals are proposed and embedded onto the sensor platform to improve its in vivo optical signal-to-noise ratio and biocompatibility. Chapter 4 covers nanostructures inspired by biophotonic nanostructures on longtail glasswing butterfly wings that improve the in vivo angle of acceptance and biocompatibility of the sensor. The second part (Chapters 5 and 6) presents the use of bioinspired nanostructures in plasmonic biosensors. Chapter 5 discusses an on-chip platform consisting of bioinspired plasmonic nanostructures to detect various nucleic acid sequences of relevance in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 via plasmon-enhanced fluorescence. Chapter 6 describes the employment of bioinspired quasi-ordered nanostructuring on flexible substrates for broadband surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, SERS-based biosensing enabled by quasi-ordering is used to detect uric acid -- a biomarker of various pathologies in human tears.


The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation's long and deep immersion in Ohio education policy, particularly in the charter-school realm, includes a half decade of direct experience as "authorizer" of several charters. To recount and draw lessons from that experience, Fordham president (and Education Next senior editor) Chester Finn, Fordham vice president for Ohio policy and programs Terry Ryan, and veteran journalist Michael Lafferty authored the new book from which this article is adapted. Initially, the Ohio Department of Education (ODE) was chief authorizer of charter schools in the Buckeye State. After the state auditor released a scathing review of ODE's handling of its role, the legislature "fired" the agency and in early 2003 invited a host of other entities to undertake the challenges of school sponsorship. Along with state universities, and district and county school systems, the list of potential authorizers included nonprofit organizations that met certain criteria. If too few new authorizers were willing to step up to the plate, however, the legislature's move would orphan more than 100 extant charter schools, forcing them to close. The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation had long heen active on the Ohio charier scene as critic, policy analyst, facilitator of new schools, and source of assistance (both financial and technical) to promising charter operators. But we had never really rolled up our sleeves and plunged into the fray. After fruitlessly seeking new sponsors to take on the potential "orphans"--eligible organizations feared the political, financial, and legal-liability risks--and after much internal soul-searching and debate, Fordham decided in 2004 to apply to become a school authorizer and by June 2005 we found ourselves occupying that hot seat. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Our 10 schools were a varied bunch. Eight had previously been sponsored by the Ohio Department of Education. The other two were allowed to open by virtue of winning the state's 2005 lottery for new charters; both were sister schools of Cincinnati's acclaimed W. E. B. Du Bois Academy, a now-defunct charter school that was much acclaimed at the time. All 10 schools faced challenges that generally paralleled those of other charier schools across Ohio. Among the eight schools with track records, one was rated Excellent by the state in 2005 (Du Bois), and one was rated Continuous Improvement (Dayton Academy, an Edison-operated school), but the remaining six were in Academic Emergency. (At the time, 60 percent of Ohio's charter schools were rated in Academic Emergency, 11 percent in Academic Watch, 18 percent in Continuous Improvement, and just 11 percent Effective or Excellent.) Troubled Schools The Moraine Community School had struggled since opening in 2002, but surely it was worth trying to rehabilitate. The charter represented this Dayton suburb's only public school. Moraine was a General Motors industrial town, and many of its families were connected to the GM plant that had once made Frigidaires and later built SUVs. (The last vehicle rolled off its assembly line on December 23, 2008. The sprawling factory is now dark.) Before the charter opened, all Moraine students were bused to schools in the nearby suburbs of Kettering and West Carrollton. Many felt like strangers there, and they and their parents longed for a neighborhood school of their own. For that reason, the Moraine charter originally enjoyed the support of community leaders and served about 200 children in grades K-12. Almost from the start, however, the school encountered serious governance, leadership, financial, and academic difficulties. Moraine Community School was in Academic Emergency for two years prior to Fordham sponsorship, and its board and principal had gone through a nasty split just before we took over. A serious leadership vacuum remained. Our sponsorship agreement made clear that we expected it to improve markedly--and fast. …


The purpose of this paper is to help oral history practitioners to reflect on the ethics of their discipline.1 By ethics of oral history one means the moral obligations a practitioner has in the conduct of an oral history project. The requirements of oral history are different from those of cognate disciplines such as psychology, anthropology or journalism. The paper argues that if the community of oral historians agrees to regulate itself, there might be grounds, just like in the United States, for exempting oral history from formal ethical review. Four broad principles should guide oral historians in the practice of their discipline: autonomy and respect for the dignity of persons; non-maleficence; beneficence; justice. In oral history, these principles primarily apply to the relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee. Each stage of the interviewing process has specific ethical requirements.


The present article is a didactic material designed especially for the topics of Galician literature for students outside Galicia. Its aim is to present the poet Lois Pereiro whom 2011's edition of «Dia das Letras Galegas» (The Day of Galician Literature) payed tribute to.


Hemorrhoids are an anorectal disease due to dilation of the blood vessels around the anus. At a certain level, hemorrhoids often cause pain complaints experienced by some patients, especially during sitting. One of the solution is to use a special underpants in which it reduces the pain during sitting, and at the same time, provides comfort feel for other activities. Therefore, an underpants pad is important to be designed to achieve the aforementioned goals. In the present work, an optimum underpants pad is designed, manufactured, and tested to the patients. The optimum design of underpants pad is determined by a Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation. Two parameters of the underpants pad is investigated, namely design and thickness. Three type of designs are varied, namely design 1, design 2, and design 3. While the thickness of 3, 5, and 7 mm are used. The results show that design B and thickness of 7 mm gives the lowest stress on the buttocks. Based on the simulation results, several products are manufactured and tested by the patients. The material of underpants pad is Polyurethane Foam (PUF). All patients determined that the product with design B, thickness of 5 mm, and density of 115 kg/cm3 is the best product.


Both the morphology and architecture of fine roots vary according to the stage of development,which directly influences their ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil,and consequently,influences plant growth.To understand the effect of N fertilization on the fine root architecture and growth dynamics of Bothriochloa ischaemun,six N treatments(0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16,0.32 g/kg) were carried out under greenhouse conditions.Using a scanning method we monitored root extension and radial growth dynamics.The scanned pictures were analyzed to obtain root length,diameter,and surface area.Dynamic cluster analysis was then used to sort the root orders according to the morphological factors.After scanning,we flushed the roots,and then dissected the individual roots according to the branching orders.The fine root samples were scanned to determine root length and diameter,and specific root length.The root was oven-dried at 65 ℃ for 48 h before being weighed.The results showed:(1) the mean fine root diameter and mean root length tended to increase(p0.05) with ascending root order,while both specific root length(SRL) and total root length decreased(P0.05);(2) the mean root diameter and mean root length increased with increasing N fertilization,however,the SRL,total root length and root biomass decreased with increasing N,except the diameter of the 1st order root;(3) N fertilization increased the root extension rate(RER) and increased radial growth rate(RGR).The RER and RGR for all four root orders first increased to peak levels,which then decreased,and finally held constant.


A Mesh network simulation framework which provides a powerful and concise modeling chain for a network structure will be introduce in this report. Mesh networks has a special topologic structure. The paper investigates a message transfer in wireless mesh network simulation and how does it works in cellular network simulation. Finally the experimental result gave us the information that mesh networks have different principle in transmission way with cellular networks in transmission, and multi – hop routing could provide robustness and load balancing to communication in wireless mesh networks.


We present the shifted qd algorithm as a sequence of orthogonal transformations and give a simple relative error analysis. Fernando and Parlett introduced the shifted diierential qd algorithm ?] and showed that it computes the singular values of a bidiagonal matrix to high relative accuracy when implemented in nite precision arithmetic. The proofs and analysis in ?] are not complicated but they do leave one with the feeling that the results are miraculous. The purpose of this paper is to present the shifted qd algorithm in terms of 2 2 orthogonal transformations applied to an augmented matrix and there by show that the accuracy obtained is quite natural. We also consider nite precision arithmetic without a guard digit. Given an upper triangular bidiagonal matrix B and a shift min (B) one step of the diierential qd algorithm takes B into ^ B where ^ B T is the Cholesky factor of so one can easily compute the singular values of B from those of ^ B. In ?, Section 8] it is shown that if one iterates this procedure then the resulting sequence of bidiagonal matrices converges to diagonal. The key to obtaining high relative accuracy of the computed singular values when using nite precision arithmetic is to transform B into ^ B without forming BB T ? 2 I. Fernando and Parlett give such an algorithm ?, Algorithm 4] { we show how their algorithm can be derived by considering orthogonal transformations applied to an augmented matrix. The connection with the augmented matrix was noted in Section 6 of ?] but not much use was made of it. Let B be an upper bidiagonal n n matrix and min (B). Deene the 2n n matrix C 0 = B T 0 : If we can nd an orthogonal matrix Q such that


It is now well-understood that a Lorentz boost of a spatially coherent monochromatic optical beam yields a so-called space-time wave packet (STWP): a propagation-invariant pulsed beam whose group velocity is determined by the relative velocity between the source and observer. Moreover, the Lorentz boost of an STWP is another STWP, whose group velocities are related by the relativistic law for addition of velocities typically associated with massive particles. We present an experimental procedure for testing this prediction in both the subluminal and superluminal regimes that makes use of spatio-temporal Fourier synthesis via a spatial light modulator. Our approach enables realizing the change in temporal bandwidth, the invariance of the spatial bandwidth, the concomitant change in the spatio-temporal wave-packet envelope, and the change in group velocity that all accompany a Lorentz boost of a monochromatic optical beam. The only consequence of the Lorentz boost not captured by this methodology is the Doppler shift in the optical carrier. This work may provide an avenue for further table-top demonstration of relativistic transformations of optical fields.


We argue that theory-of-mind understanding has developed to facilitate joint thinking and planning, defined as the creation of new mental objects that could not have been created by one mind. Three components of this ability are proposed: the mental architecture indexed by false belief understanding, domain-specific knowledge, and the prioritization of the joint mind over the individual mind.


India is one of leading emerging economies of the world including Brazil, China, South Africa and Russia with the expected human population to cross even China in the year 2025. This demographic dividend is the key factor of growth because India will have the largest number of younger workforce between the age group of 15 to 59 years in the year 2030. The average age of India will be only 29 years much younger than China and rest of world. Among this young working population the share of people from rural areas will be substantially higher making the rural demography more prominent in the decade to come. Still about 61.35% people in India are in rural areas which is about 12 percent of the global population living in rural areas. The size of India rural population is 750 million which is more than the total population of the U.S., the U.K., France, and Germany. The inclusive growth target of Twelfth five year plan (2012-17) can be achieved if the demographic dividend in rural areas is encashed properly and development strategies are guided towards


Depending on station conditions, use of reverse osmosis and electrodialysis reversal as an upstream step can have a beneficial effect on ion-exchanger performance and economics


Introduction: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide [1]. Recent studies showed that the brain is a target for diabetic end-organ damage, though the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy is still not well understood. Both vascular and metabolic disturbance have been suggested to impair the integrity of the brain in diabetes [2]. A recent review on reports CT, MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) documented possible brain abnormalities among obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes patients; which may result from combination of subtle vascular changes, glucose and lipid metabolic abnormalities and subtle differences in adiposity in the absence of clinically significant vascular disease [3].The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of diabetes on metabolic profile of brain in patients with diabetes and controls using in-vivo MRS in three brain regions namely, right frontal, right parieto-temporal and right parieto-occipital.


The equipment for clinical ERA is expensive, and in spite of numerous ingenious devices to simplify and standardize its operation, it is still rather complex to operate. This is inescapable because it must be versatile and enable the operator to select the AER that is appropriate to the situation. It should provide safeguards against possible electrode and movement artifacts. As a further complication, many of the AEPs require sedation of the subject and ECochG may need general anesthesia. The operator of the ERA equipment must be specially trained, and for transtympanic ECochG an otologist must be in attendance to put the electrode in place. On the other hand, ERA can give reliable and accurate audiometric information in nearly all types of cases in which conventional behavioral audiometry is unreliable or quite impossible. This is the great advantage of ERA, and I believe that ERA is now assured of a permanent place among the methods of audiology.


Abstract : A Prolog-based system is described which employs logic-extraction to perform hardware-verification. The extraction rules are built automatically from hierarchical structural VHDL models, enabling the equivalence of a structural VHDL description and a layout specification to be verified. Pin-to-pin critical- path analysis is performed within the logic-extraction process; many noncritical paths are pruned early, making pin-to-pin critical path analysis of large circuits feasible. It is demonstrated that a design methodology based on logic extraction, VHDL, and a layout tool can provide a fabricated functionally- correct IC design without circuit-level or switch-level simulation. This methodology is shown to be practical for VLSI designs up to 250,000 transistors in size. The properties of correctness, completeness, and guaranteed termination are examined for the extraction process. VLSI, VHDL, Prolog, Circuit Extraction, Reverse Engineering, Computer Aided Design, Integrated Circuits, Artificial Intelligence.


The General Medical Council admitted last week a range of past failings but insisted that improvements to its procedures, along with revalidation and local clinical governance, should help ensure that unfit doctors are detected in future.

The GMC's counsel, Roger Henderson, told the inquiry of the circumstances in which the GP Harold Shipman managed to murder dozens of patients undetected: "As a registered medical practitioner, Shipman betrayed his patients and his profession in a way that was not reasonably foreseeable.

"Until he was found to have perpetrated his murders, systems were not designed to take the possibility of such extreme wickedness into account. We were …


Context: the fragility of the elderly served in a community health area and to characterize elderlies according to fragility criteria. Objective: to characterize the functional state in fragile bigger adults from the medical practice. Material and Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional investigation with a quantitative approach was carried out between April 2017 and April 2018. Results: prevailed the alterations of mobility and balance in 54,8 %, only 16,1 % was alterations of the emotional state and 29,0 % was alterations functional cognitive. Conclusion: the presence of several fragility criteria such as elderlies older female sex with associated pathologies as hypertension.


The grading separation of coal ash can not only increase its economic value but also decrease its pollution to environment. Based on the jet-attracting flow technology and the gas-solid two-phase flow theory, the force and motion of coal ash particles in airflow were studied firstly. Focused on single coal ash particle, Matlab software was used to simulate the force conditions and separation parameters of various diameter coal ash particles in airflow. Fluent software was used to simulate the nozzle fluidization domain shape and to determine optimal jet flux. According to the theoretical results, a coal ash collecting and grading system was developed. Using the separation efficiency as the evaluation index, the optimal experiment parameters of jet flux, attracting flux, and separation time were obtained. At last, the calculated results and experimental results of coal ash particles median diameter from the first grading separation exit under various attracting fluxes were compared. The reasons that could cause the errors were discussed. This study has significant practical meaning and application value on coal ash collecting and grading separation.


This thesis is submitted as part of the Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Birmingham and consists of two volumes. Volume I contains the research component of this thesis and consists of a systematic literature review, empirical research paper, and public dissemination document. The systematic review found that content on social networking sites can provide researchers with tentative information about the psychopathology and personality traits of the user. However, research displaying greater internal and external validity is required before this information could reliably inform the development of targeted online public health information or interventions. The research paper presents a study exploring the relationships between drinking identity, alcohol use, mental health symptoms, and alcohol content in social networking site pictures, in a community sample of young females. Drinking identity may be an important factor to consider in alcohol reduction and prevention efforts. The public dissemination document provides an accessible overview of the review and research paper. Volume II consists of five Clinical Practice Reports (CPRs). CPR I presents a Cognitive-Behavioural and Systemic formulation for a 21-year-old female experiencing low mood. CPR II presents a service evaluation of non-attendance to psychological assessment appointments in an adult community mental health setting. CPR III presents a single-case research design to assess the effects of a Positive Behavioural Support intervention with a 40-year-old female displaying behaviour that challenges. CPR IV presents a case study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with a 69-year-old female experiencing chronic pain and depression. CPR V presents a presentation abstract for a case study of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with a 31-year-old female experiencing Bulimia Nervosa.


Technology; The More you go the more you get, is the most vital component in the network of data transmission, irrespective of the network system, whether virtual or any other classical network system. Technology have its own significance the way we look forward, in the same aspect of cloud which we call as the hot cake in the Industry of Information technology; More or less is a typical word to understand what really it stands for to put forward the glimpse of Information Technology. If we will consider he classical and today world parallel distributed and virtual network is typical for us to provide the best way we use having lot feature. In the dictionary word we can call as network means security which is mandatory, hence we can go for the best intrusion mechanism, which involves the robust and hinder free, hacker free counter measure to defend the penetration mechanism.


Editor's Note: The artwork created to facilitate and celebrate the keeping of the cultural record is a field of interest unto itself. For twenty-nine years Libraries & Culture and the Journal of Library History before it encouraged enjoyment and exploration of the field by featuring a bookplate on the cover. With the new cover design of Libraries & the Cultural Record, presentation of this artwork has moved to inside pages. And, in keeping with the expanded focus of the journal, the artwork to be featured will come from libraries, archives, museums, and other keepers of the cultural record. We invite suggestions for these pages of bookplates, posters, and graphics of all sorts generated in the work of providing for the cultural record.


Three experiments planned to gain information on the gross nutritive deficiencies of native pasture as a feed for beef cattle during the dry season were carried out at Katherine, N.T., between 1960 and 1962. Groups of local Shorthorn steers were grazed on native pasture from July to November and fed supplements of crushed sorghum grain and peanut meal at different levels of total digestible nutrients and digestible crude protein. The results suggest that up to the time of early storm rains, prior to the wet season proper, the dry standing native pasture is an adequate source of energy, which can be effectively utilized if cattle are given a small quantity of high-protein supplement. During the period of early rains, the pasture is not an adequate source of energy, and high-protein supplements do not prevent liveweight loss. High spring temperatures before the early rains did not appear to affect adversely the performance of supplemented cattle.


jective postural vertical (SPV) due to vestibular asymmetry. Subjective perception of static uprightness is normal in UVL, probably because proprioception can readily be used for tilt estimation. Accordingly, we examined SPV when proprioceptive cues were changing rapidly. Subjects were challenged to fly a simulator earth level against discrete imposed roll tilts of 10°-28°. They flew in calm conditions and when perturbed by roll oscillations at 1 Hz, 5° peak simulating turbulence. Normal subjects achieved a mean level flight attitude of 0.5° right SD 0.7•‹ when calm and 0.6° right SD 1.3° when turbulent. Patients with unilateral vestibular nerve section flew tilted slightly to the side of their lesion, mean 2.6° SD 2.1° when calm, p •ƒ 0.05, and during turbulence by a mean 7.4•‹ SD 2.6•‹, p •ƒ0.01. We conclude that vestibular signals are used more to determine SPV when proprioception changes rapidly and that the lateralized tilt observed in UVL


A home-made NMR pulse spectrometer for solids operating at 25 MHz was adapted for measurements of the magnetic local field using a modified Ostroff-Waugh pulse sequence (90 degrees )y( tau ( Theta )x tau )n with the pulse angle ( Theta )x smaller than (90 degrees )x. Detailed descriptions of the pulse programmer, the probe and a system which shortens the recovery time are given.


In the Amazon basin, floodplains form a complex mosaic of freshwater systems with differing morphologies, resulting in varied inundation patterns and heterogeneous chemical and ecological characteristics. In this study, we focused on the Janauacá floodplain, a medium‐sized system (786 km2, including the local watershed) located along the Solimões River. Based on in situ and satellite observations acquired from November 2006 to November 2011, we computed water fluxes between the mainstream and the floodplain and examined the temporal dynamics of floodplain storage from river flooding, rainfall, runoff, and exchanges with groundwater through bank seepage for the 5 years from 2006 to 2011. The mainstream was the main input of water to the flooded area, accounting on average for 93% of total water inputs by the end of the water year. Direct precipitation and runoff from uplands contributed less than or equal to 5% and 10%, respectively. The seepage contribution was less than 1%. Model uncertainties, evaluated using Monte Carlo analysis of the input data and model parameters, showed that all water fluxes were relatively well constrained except for outflow through seepage, which had a standard deviation across simulations greater than 60%. The water balance computation was verified using electrical conductivity as an assumed non‐reactive tracer. Except during periods of very low water, the simulated and measured conductivities agreed well. Moreover, conductivity data analysis confirmed that the Janauacá system can be considered homogeneous in terms of electrical conductivity for filling percentages equal to or greater than 40% (i.e., when the water level is above 19.5 m, generally from April to August) but presented large heterogeneities during the rest of the hydrological cycle.


The influence of discourse and pragmatic transfer in cross-cultural encounters has received little consideration in studies on the construct validity of performance tests. With the current emphasis on direct assessment of speaking proficiency following the protocol of the Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI), the potential importance of cross-cultural pragmatics is evident. The study reported here explores cross-cultural phenomena in the OPI by comparing the accommodative discourse of six English-as-a-Second-Language interviews matched according to rating outcomes with six Japanese-as-a-Second-Language interviews. Tallies of features of accommodation and control from the 12 interviews are compared to show a clear tendency on the part of the Japanese language interviewer to avoid interactional trouble and communication breakdown by providing highly accommodative questioning and topic-maintaining interviewer turns. Results suggest that comparable ratings, based exclusively on the speech of the interviewee, may not be equivalent in terms of the discourse and accommodation used by the interviewers, and that interviewer strategies for avoiding trouble may be linked to underlying cultural and pragmatic phenomena. (Author/MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************k***********************************


Abstract OBJECT Antiglioma activity of proinflammatory cytokines, (TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-12 related cytokines, IL-18, IL-32) are analyzed. Most effective combinations of cytokines are investigated. MATERIAL & METHOD Antitumor activity against U373MG, U87MG were measured by co-culture with PBMC and by nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model. Cytokine receptors on PBMC and glioma cell lines were examined by IHC and mRNA expression. Anti-tumor activity was measured by local injection and systemic administration of proinflammatory cytokines. Cell cycle alteration and expression of apoptosis-related genes after cytokine administration was analyzed. Serum concentraion of cytokines is measured by ELISA. RESULT Cytokine receptors were not expressed on glioma cells but were present on intratmoral mononuclear cells. Anti-tumor activity against transplanted tumor is strongly observed by focal administration. Expression of apoptosis-related genes were augmented. IFN-gamma was strongly induced by TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IL-12 administration. IFN-gamma, IL-17, TNF-alpha were also induced. IL-27 and IL-32 per se did not induce IFN-gamma. Simultaneous IL-27 and IL-12 induced strong IFN-gamma induction. Anti-glioma activity of IL-12 and IL-23 were higher than the same dose of exogenous IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma, IL-2 plus IL-12 in U373MG, and IFN-gamma, IL-2 plus IL-18 in U87MG seemed to be the best combination. CONCLUSIONS Strong anti-glioma activity was induced by proinflammatory cytokines at least partially through IFN-gamma. There may be another factors. IL-2 and IL-23 showed anti-tumor activity through IFN-gamma, IL-17, TNF-alpha. IFN-gamma + IL-2 + IL-12/-18 seems to be the best combination.


Air pollution is a grave problem in urban areas of developing countries, with the transport sector being one of the largest contributors to emissions. A possibility to reduce carbon dioxide emissions would be for individuals to switch to more fuel-efficient vehicles. However, a gamut of behavioral anomalies and market failures have been known to inhibit individuals from investing in fuel-efficiency (due to the well-known 'energy-efficiency gap'). In this study, we use novel data from Kathmandu, Nepal to understand the socio-economic and psychological determinants of three behavioral anomalies, namely present bias, loss aversion, risk aversion, as well as time preferences. In a second step, we evaluate the effect of these anomalies on the energy-efficiency gap in the choice of motorcycles of individuals. We find that present-biased individuals are less likely to invest in fuel-efficient motorcycles, and thus more likely to buy motorcycles having relatively high total lifetime costs. We also find that other factors such as income, as well as having applied for loans, play an important role in determining these choices. Our results suggest that behavioral anomalies may indeed pose as a hindrance to individuals making cost-minimizing (and also environmentally sound) investment decisions. JEL Classification: D1, D8; Q4; Q5


Reductive precipitation of soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) to insoluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)) containing minerals is one of the more promising approaches to uranium remediation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term performance of methanogenic granules for the continuous treatment of U(VI). For this purpose, three sand‐packed columns inoculated with anaerobic biofilm were operated with or without ethanol and one column was exposed to nitrate co‐contamination. The columns were operated for 373 days and efficiently removed U (24 mg L−1) in excess of 99.8%. No long‐term benefit of ethanol addition was observed, suggesting that endogenous substrates in the biofilm were sufficient to drive the reduction reactions. Nitrate addition was found to inhibit U(VI) reduction and cause re‐oxidation of some U(IV) deposited in the column. Taken as a whole, the results indicate that methanogenic biofilms can be reliably applied in bioreactor technology for sustained U removal from groundwater. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2583–2591. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The rapid digital transformation without security considerations has resulted in the rise of global-scale cyberattacks. The first line of defense against these attacks are Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Once deployed, however, these systems work as blackboxes with a high rate of false positives with no measurable effectiveness. There is a need to continuously test and improve these systems by emulating real-world network attack mutations. We present SynGAN, a framework that generates adversarial network attacks using the Generative Adversial Networks (GAN). SynGAN generates malicious packet flow mutations using real attack traffic, which can improve NIDS attack detection rates. As a first step, we compare two public datasets, NSL-KDD and CICIDS2017, for generating synthetic Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) network attacks. We evaluate the attack quality (real vs. synthetic) using a gradient boosting classifier.


In this study drag calculations were performed for an airplane cruising at transonic speed in a flow-field using two far-field methods. Subjected flow-fields in the calculations were computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation (RANS) around a wing. The objectives were to establish effective means to utilize far-field drag methods and wake flow phenomena as well as report pseudo total enthalpy which peculiarly appeared in the CFD simulation results. The drag calculation was completed using four wake integration equations. The first originated from the equation of the momentum conservation law itself, the second was based on enthalpy variation, the third was based on entropy variation, and the last was a method for induced drag calculation. Drag values resulting from the integrations were compared to those via a near-field method commonly used in CFD. Through the computation and comparison of wake integration drag values, it was proved that the both far-field methods were able to predict a comparably accurate drag value compared to that of the near-field method. In addition, strange inappropriate total enthalpy (pseudo total enthalpy) generation was found in some regions where a flying airplane never affects flow behavior. In the wake integrations, the pseudo total enthalpy generation seems to compensate for the drag value via the first equation. The pseudo total enthalpy generation depends on far-field boundary locations. In summary, wake integrations are promising to provide useful information for accurate drag prediction.


The crystal structure of Li4[(UO2)2(W2O10)] (1) has been solved by direct methods and refined to R1 0.036. The compound is orthorhombic, Cmc21, a = 7.3823(3), b = 14.0498(5), c = 10.1887(3) Å, V = 1056.77(7) Å3. The structure is based upon uranyl tungstate sheets with the composition [(UO2)2(W2O10)]4–. The sheets are strongly corrugated and are parallel to the (001) plane. The sheet can be described as consisting of two types of chains. UO7 pentagonal bipyramids share edges to form UO5 chains, whereas WO6 octahedra share corners to form WO5 chains. Both chains extend along the a axis. The Li+ cations reside in between the sheets providing their linkage into a three-dimensional structure. The structure can be considered as a derivative of complex oxides observed in the U—W—O and U—Mo—W—O systems. However, the topology of polyhedral linkage is different as a result of the presence of Li+ cations in the structure. The crystal chemistry of Li uranyl tungstates is discussed.


This paper reviews the design of Qiaokoulu Traffic Yard, the car maintenance base, in phase one works of No.1 line of Wuhan urban rail transit, analyzes the difficult points and different points in design from that in design of conventional car depot, puts forward the basic way for construction of car maintenance base based on experience in this design.


In extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), underlayers have been introduced to improve process window, stochastic printing failures, LWR and even photo-speed. As a result, studies about chemical and physical interactions at resist-underlayer interface have been reported and appropriate designs of silicon based hardmasks and thin organic underlayers for EUVL have been proposed for recent years. EUV underlayers are required to have not only chemical moieties for EUV specific functions but also proper physical properties. The thickness of underlayer has continuously shrink down to a few nanometers to reduce dry etch burden for effective transfer of small patterned features to substrates. In this paper, we report noticeable property variation of an organic underlayer thin film by confinement effect upon thickness reduction. We investigated the thickness effect on key factors, such as film density, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), film Tg and surface energy, and consequent impact on EUVL performance while chemical composition of underlayers were not altered.


This paper describes the development of a non-linear finite element model of a commuter category aircraft seat designed to explore the issue of energy absorption in severe, but survivable, crashes. Using a reference seat, the paper presents a description of the model and the results of finite element modeling of the seat at increasingly severe impact velocities. The paper presents the results of a parallel experimental program, conducted to validate the model, in which instrumented crash dummies were drop tested in the reference seat at the same impact velocities as the simulation. Experimental results are reported for passenger lower lumbar loading, peak pelvic acceleration, and seat structural loading.


The increasingly widespread XR technologies enable highly engaging immersive experiences, but they run the risk of isolating the user in an information bubble. Experiments in museum settings produce contradictory results: on the one hand, XR makes learning easier, but on the other hand, it can cause cognitive difficulties in visitors who are not used to it. At the same time, the issues that the staff in cultural institutions face in engaging with this kind of technology are often overlooked. The ongoing research project aims, on one side, at developing a technological framework capable of offering immersive environments through a smart MR-based system of projections only based on the user's position (thus deviceless). On the other side, the objective is the experimental development of a CMS (Content Management System) that is accessible to museum staff without IT expertise, and applicable to multiple situations of use.


While nurse practitioners are a vital resource in addressing the increased demand on China's long-term care services, there has not been an educational programme that focuses on their training—until now


We present non-iterative methods for graph embedding in flat and curved manifold and acriterion to assess the quality of the embedding for the purpose of determining what is the optimal latent geometry of a graph. To date, graph embedding procedures have been used in data dimension reduction problems for the purpose of simpler and more efficient data analysis, but little has been done to use them as a tool for the estimation of the latent geometry. The latent geometry of a graph is important since it explains graph organizational structure and dynamics. Advancing the state of the art in this direction is of particular importance for the study of biological networks, since these networks exhibit a high degree of organizational complexity that is difficult to identify with standard analyses of node centrality measures.


In the last decade, an upsurge of the free and open data access policy for Earth observation (EO) and Geographic Information System (GIS) data took place. It is practically impossible to manually collect, analyse, and process data since there is so much remotely sensed data available for every area of the Earth's surface. As a result, data cubes are now a new option for handling Big Data thanks to technological advancements. As a technological and analytical approach, the data cube concept provides a way to access, manage and analyse enormous amounts of EO data. This paper's main contribution is giving insights and guidance for choosing the most suitable data cube solution by comparing Open Data Cube (ODC), Euro Data Cube (EDC), Rasdaman, and Data Cube on Demand (DCoD) solutions based on provided satellite data, type of data storage, data uploading possibility by the user, available standardized web services, backend services for developers, and financial aspect. There is no best data cube solution in general, but depending on a size and scope of the project, available resources, storage type and integration costs, stated assets and liabilities of introduced data cubes should be taken into account and the most suitable solution can be chosen.


This paper deals with perceptive test methodologies to assess speech quality of telecommunication systems. Faced with drawbacks of typical methodologies recommended by ITU‐T, a new way to assess speech quality is investigated. The new approach requires collecting reaction times and performances when subjects are achieving tasks involving degraded speech signals; it is shown that reactions times lengthen and performances decrease in a specific task when quality is impaired. The proposed task is a dual task with a digit recognition memory task and a letter recognition task. Three different quality levels are applied to audio signals describing digits and letters. Different experimental designs are examined to reinforce the effect of speech quality on performances and reaction times. The results show significant differences of performances and reaction times between the three quality levels, depending on the experimental design.


Abstract : A description of rolling contact failure modes is given and the variables affecting the life of a rolling contact are identified. A mathematical model of subsurface and surface crack propagation is presented. The life to failure of volume elements in the vicinity of a defect is formulated. A term 'severity' of a micro defect has been defined. The model is characterized by the inclusion of bulk material parameters, defect characteristics and parameters of geometry, stress, lubrication and surface topography. A statistical expression for the life of an entire rolling body is based on the defect life formula. The new model includes current standard bearing life prediction formulas as a special case. To assist in interpretation of the model, the stressed volume in a Hertzian elliptical stress field has been determined from the computed contours of equal reversing shear stress. A stress analysis has been conducted on the stresses near interacting asperities and around a surface defect (furrow). (Author)


Skulls of nine species of shrews of the genus 5orex were measured on an image analyzer. 120 measurements were taken on each skull. The measurements were then statistically analysed by using the multivariate projection methods principal component analysis (PCA) and PLS discriminant analysis combined with crossvalidation. The analyses showed good separation between all species. It was discussed whether this class separation reflected the phylogeny or different ecological adaptations.


Isolated keloid treatment has variable and often unsatisfactory results. The combination of therapies has proven to be an effective alternative mainly for recalcitrant cases. Surgical excision and immediate postoperative electron beam irradiation is an effective alternative in healing and reducing the recurrence rate of these lesions. The authors describe a patient with recalcitrant bulky keloid who had a good therapeutic outcome.


Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag is a promising device for the management of products at a very low cost. Huge number of such low-cost sensors can be installed to the structure beforehand, after a disaster we can access to these sensors wirelessly and very easily. In this system, an electrically conductive paint or printed sheet is applied to a part of structure in which crack will occur. Copper wire is connected to the attachment on the structure and a RFID tag. When a crack occurs, the paint or printed sheet is broken, resulting in an increase in resistance. Crack width can be estimated by the ability of an RFID transmitter to communicate with the tag. By bending tests of concrete specimens, the relationships between concrete crack width and conductivity of the materials are examined. It is shown that the level of concrete crack width can be related to the ability of the paint or printed sheet to conduct electricity or not. This printed sheet is also applied for steel crack. By fatigue test of steel specimen with a notch, very small steel crack can be detected by this sensor.


Amarogentin and amaroswerin are therapeutically most important bio-compounds present in medicinally important endangered temperate medicinal plant species, Swertia chirayita. In the absence of any known elite strains in S. chirayita so far, strains with enhanced biocompounds are needed as this species is under focus for large scale cultivation due to widespread demand for its raw material. Present studies have demonstrated the potential of gamma rays in enhancing these bio-compounds.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of capital structure (debt equity ratio / DER) on firm value (per book value / PBV) with firm size (SIZE) as a moderating variable.
This study uses secondary data obtained from LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. The population in this study is LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2018. The reasons or sample selection based on certain criteria are based on: Companies that are LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2015-2018 period and who already have and submit complete financial statement data so that the sample data processed is 120 companies (35 companies x 4 research periods).
 T test results indicate that the capital structure has a negative effect on company milai. The moderation test results in this study turned out that the size of the company moderates (strengthens) the relationship between capital structure and firm value.


In Tanzania, two types of primary schools exist, based on the language of instruction used. These are English medium schools and Swahili medium schools. Students who complete their studies from both types of schools join secondary schools where the language of instruction is solely English. This study investigated the influence of students' backgrounds in the language of instruction on secondary school academic performance. The specific objectives of the study were two: First, to compare form one annual examinations results for students who had used English and those who had used Swahili as the medium of instruction at primary school level and, secondly, to compare the form two national examinations results for students who had used English and those who had used Swahili as the medium of instruction at primary school level. The study involved 524 students from eight secondary schools in Mbeya region. The data were collected through review of documents containing students' admission lists and examinations results. The analysis of the collected data was done using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 18, in which an independent samples t-test was conducted to test the hypotheses advanced for this study. The findings were as follows: First, students whose medium of instruction at primary school level was English, performed better in form one annual examinations than their counterparts who had used Swahili and the difference was statistically significant at p<0.05, in a twotailed test. Secondly, students who had used English as the medium of instruction at primary school level, performed better in form two national examinations than those who had used Swahili and the difference was also statistically significant at p<0.05, in a two-tailed test. It was thus, concluded that the language of instruction used by students at primary school level influenced significantly students' academic performance at secondary school level.


Soon, the director and one of the teachers who had experience as a PPCD (preschool program for children with disabilities) teacher both noticed that Grayson exhibited some atypical behaviors. He tended to fixate on certain toys. He liked to spin the wheels of toy cars. He also stared in a classroom mirror for long periods. His teachers noticed that he rarely responded when they called his name. Grayson would get agitated and run around the classroom, away from the teachers, and even try to leave the classroom without supervision. Grayson's safety became an issue.


With rapid urban growth in recent years,the understanding of urban biophysical composition and dynamics has become an important research topic.Remote sensing technologies constitute a potentially scientific basis for examining urban composition and monitoring its changes over the time.The vegetation-impervious surface-soil-water(V-I-S-W) model,in particular,provides a foundation for describing urban/suburban environments and also serves as a basis for further urban analyses comprising urban growth modeling,environmental impact analysis,and socioeconomic factor estimation.This paper developed a normalized spectral mixture analysis(NSMA) method for examining urban composition in Haizhu district using Landsat ETM~+ data.In particular,a brightness normalization method was applied to reduce brightness variation.Through this normalization,brightness variability within each V-I-S-W component was reduced or eliminated,thus allowing a single end-member to represent each component.Furthermore,with the normalized image,four end-members,namely vegetation,impervious surface,soil,and water,were chosen to model heterogeneous urban composition using a constrained spectral mixture analysis(SMA) model.The accuracy of impervious surface estimation was assessed and compared with the other existing models.The results indicate that the proposed model is a better alternative to existing models,with a root mean square error(RMSE) of 12.6% for impervious surface estimation in the study area.


In this paper we extend the analysis of two-receiver broadcast channels with random parameters to the three-receivers case. Specifically we base our work on Nair and El Gamal's results for the three-receiver discrete memoryless multilevel broadcast channel and assume that state information is available non-causally at the transmitter. We provide an achievable rate region for this setting and acknowledge its importance in the study of multiuser cognitive radio configurations.


Objective:To observe the protective effect of Chinese composite recipe(CCR)on learning and memory disorder in model mice of Alzheimer's disease(AD)induced by aluminum chloride and to explore its effect on brain M-receptor content.Methods:Sixty mice were divided into six groups by random.Except for the control group,the Alzheimer's disease model was established in the other 5 groups by peritoneal injection of aluminum chloride.The 4 treated groups were fed by Naofukang liquid 420 mg/(kg·d),and concen- trated decoction of CCR in different doses[34 g/(kg·d),17g/(kg·d)and 8.5g/(kg·d)]respectively,started 5 days before modelling for 55 days,the untreated group was taken as model control.The step down test training was begun 30 min after the last medication, and the latent period and error time were recorded.The test was repeated 24 hrs later and the achievement was recorded also.Besides, the content of M-receptor in cortex and hippocampal area were determined by ELISA.Results:The latent period of memory shortened, latent period of learning prolonged and the error times increased significantly in the model animals(all P0.01).The Naofukang and CCR treatment could prolong the latent period of memory(P0.01)and shorten the latent period of learning periiod(P0.05 and P 0.01)in model mice significantly.Besides,the error times in three CCR group improved significantly,while in the Naofukang group, it was not improved.Middle and high dose of CCR could raise the M_1 receptor content in cortex and hippocampal area of model mice, but couldn't influence the M_2 receptor content.Conclusion:CCR has protective effect on the learning and memory function from the in- jury of aluminum chloride,and significantly raise the M_1 receptor content in cortex and hippocampa[ area of mice with Alzheimer's dis- ease.


Introduction: Images taken by the Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) and Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) have depicted the manifestation of aeolian or wind-driven processes at work, in the form of extensive dune fields in Titan's equatorial regions [1,2] (Figure 1). These near-parallel, radar-dark, longitudinal dunes on Titan have a typical spacing of ~1-2 km, with heights of ~100-150 m and lengths of many tens of kilometers.


Objective:To study the effect of polysaccharide from Calvatia gigantea on tumor inhibitory and life-prolonging rate of tumor bearing mice. Methods:Submerged fermentation technology was used to produce Calvatia gigantea mycelia,and Calvatia gigantea polysaccharide(CGP) was extracted from the intercellular mycelia. Taking sarcoma S-180 and Ehrlich ascites tumor(EAC) bearing mice as models. The anti-tumor effect of CGP was observed and tumor inhibitory rate and life-prolonging rate were calculated respectively. Results:The inhibitory rate of CGP in high,middle and low doses of S-180 mice were 41.7%,36.2% and 30.7%,the life-prolonging rates of EAC mice were 38.9%,46.7% and 26.4%. Compared with control group, there were significant difference(P 0.05,P 0.01). Conclusion:CGP has anti-tumor effects and prolong the survival time of EAC bearing mice.


Periodic oscillations arising in matrix Riccati equntions having constant coefficient matrices are investigated in this paper. The algorithm deriving such periodic solutions and the condition for their existence are obtained. Since matrix Riccati equations play a crucial role in optimal estimation and control theories, tn scattering theory, and in other important applications, the stability of solutions has grave implication. Such analysis is also vital from the viewpoint of numerical integrations of Riccati equations.


UML is a powerful graphical modeling language but there is a lack of precise semantics to describe the characteristics,so the formal study of UML has been a hot topic.Petri net both an intuitive graphical representation,has a solid mathematical foundation,with a number of sophisticated methods of analysis can be directly used to analyze the performance of the model.Combined with an application of picture compilation,use the UML state diagram and sequence diagram for formal analysis,with the method of Petri net-based modeling.Ruled out defects in UML models,errors were found in the software design stage,reducing software development spending,and ultimately achieving improved software quality purposes.


This research aims to analyze type of politeness in SMS ( short message service) at English Department of University Pasir Pengaraian. Politeness is a communication between hearer and speaker are not having problems in understanding other people's feeling.The politeness can make the students more than becarefull in sending SMS.  This research is a descriptive qualitative, the object in the research is Student message or SMS. The data of SMS in research were 11SMS. This research was conducted by the steps: data collection, documentation data, anayzed data, and making conclution. Type of politeness did of english student in sending SMS is Positive Politeness and Negative Politeness. Based on the analysis of data obtained by the researcher, it could concluded  total  type  of positive politeness were 4 SMS, and total type of Negative Politeness were 7 SMS


Recombinant sporamin B overproduced in E. coli (M15) was purified by Ni(superscript 2+)-chelated affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of sporamin B is ca. 26kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total antioxidant status, 1, 1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) staining, reducing power method, Fe2 -chelating ability, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method, and protecting calf thymus DNA against hydroxyl radical-induced damage were studied. The sporamin B protein with a concentration of 100µg/mL exhibited highest activity (expressed as 4.21±0.0078mM Trolox equivalent antioxidative value, TEAC) in total antioxidant status test. In the DPPH staining sporamin B appeared as a white spot when the concentration was diluted to 25 mg sporamin B/mL (with an absolute amount of 75µg). Like total antioxidant status, the reducing power, Fe(superscript 2+) -chelating ability, FTC activity and protection calf thymus DNA against hydroxyl radical-induced damage all showed that sporamin B polypeptides have significant antioxidant activities. It was found that antioxidant activities of sporamin B increased from 19% (0 h) to about 29% (24 h) after 24 h hydrolysis by pepsin. Smaller peptides increased with hydrolytic times. Eight peptides for testing antioxidative activity were synthesized according to peptic hydrolysis simulation. The obtained SNIP, VRL, SYCQ, GTEKC, RF, VKAGE, AU, KIEL showed IC50 values of 8.36, 4.23, 0.206, 0.0884, 9.72, 14.9, 13.8 and 24.9mM, respectively, when scavenging activity of DPPH radicals (%) was measured. These findings mean that cysteine residue is most important in antiradical activities. It was suggested that sporamin B might contribute to its antioxidant activities against hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.


The effects of mixing technology on the dispersion of carbon black in NR and the properties of carbon black/NR vulcanizate were investigated.The results showed that,with the increase of filling volume factor,rotor rotational speed and initial mixing temperature,the torque and energy consumption of compound increased,temperature raising speed and discharging temperature also increased,and the mixing time was shortened.Suitable filling volume factor and mixing time,higher rotor rotational speed and initial temperature,and multi-step mixing with gradually decreased speed could increase the dispersion of carbon black.As the dispersion of carbon black was improved,the physical property,dynamic property and abrasion property of vulcanizates increased,and compression heat build-up decreased.


Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are getting more attention due to their role in human health. Nowadays, a growing awareness of health benefits of omega-3 (ω-3 or also referred as n-3) fatty acid has been found. Present overview provides importance, source and different methods used for the production of PUFA concentrates. Recent developments on production of omega-3 PUFA have been reviewed.


To build a new socialist countryside,the essential work is to tightly center on the democratic management,and choose a best way to realize it,to build a new,harmonious countryside.During the building of the democratic management, we should complete the democratic system,encourage villagers to participate in the political affairs,and make full use of the leading role of CPC organizations in the grass-roots.


The synergistic influence caused by iodide ions on the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4 in the presence of n‐hexyl amine (n‐HA) has been studied using potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization and a.c impedance technique. n‐HA accelerates the corrosion of mild steel at lower concentrations but inhibits the corrosion at higher concentrations. The addition of iodide ions enhances the inhibition efficiency to a considerable extent. The adsorption of this compound is found to obey Temkin's adsorption isotherm. The increase in surface coverage in the presence of iodide ions indicates that iodide ions enhance the adsorption of n‐HA on the metal surface. Defines and evaluates synergism parameter (SI). Values of the parameter which are more than unity indicate the fact that the enhanced inhibition efficiency in the presence of iodide ions is only due to synergism and there is a definite contribution from the inhibitor molecule. n‐HA is then adsorbed by coulombic interaction on the metal surface, where iodide ions are already adsorbed, and thus reduces the corrosion rate.


With the proliferation of comprehensive commercial microfilming of major music collections, careful consideration needs to be given to the production of hard-cover books of facsimiles that traverse the same ground. Of course, a book is still a convenient way of storing and handling certain kinds of material. In compensation for its bulk it is tangible, accessible and portable, not to mention the fact that it can be annotated. And certain kinds of facsimile volume are obviously still going to be desirable: those reproducing single sources of great importance; those containing the contents of smaller libraries and obscure or less accessible collections; and those that comprise within a single volume an important cross-section of some scattered repertory or corpus of sources. In the light of those considerations, the publication of these two volumes of facsimiles of late-medieval English polyphony is most welcome. They make widely available at reasonable quality and price a vast amount of buried treasure found up to now only in the file drawers of a few specialists. The hoard consists of a large proportion of the surviving English polyphony from the era between the Worcester fragments and the Old Hall manuscript. This is an important and little-known repertory, spanning the entire fourteenth century but dispersed among numerous fragmentary sources. Both volumes will be necessary and welcome additions to public collections as well as to the private libraries of specialists in medieval music. They are also an essential complement to the four-volume edition of this same repertory recently published by Editions de L'Oiseau Lyre in the series Polyphonic Music of the Fourteenth Century, and they will surely prove invaluable for the teaching of surveys and seminars on early English polyphony.


Ten years ago, when our firm was asked to recruit a CEO or executive vice president and we asked the search committee if they would consider a physician, the answer was generally, "Sure, we'll consider a physician, but we really need someone with a lot of experience in strategy, finance and operations." The unsaid ending of that sentence was, "We don't think physicians have those skills." Five years ago, when we posed the same question, we heard more often, "We want to look at physicians and nonphysicians." Most recently we hear, "We'd like you to help us recruit a CEO; we want a physician but we'll consider nonphysician talent, as well." The growing demand for physicians to fill senior executive and key leadership roles marks a shift in how the industry views and values these leaders. Physicians who have a passion for leadership and are committed to bolstering their business management skills are sought after for competitive executive positions. Possessing both medical and business training is a powerful combination that can be successfully leveraged in the current health care environment. Many physician executives are already serving at the top of the industry. And, even industry-leading physician executives made the transition to leadership from a practicing physician role. They honed their natural leadership skills and abilities. They broadened their focus to become valued business strategists, team members and decision makers. Their experiences offer a wealth of knowledge to help physicians preparing to embark on the path to the executive suite. Cejka Executive Search has gathered observations and advice from seven top physician leaders who are leading organizations in a wide variety of sectors within the health care industry. Their backgrounds include integrated delivery systems, large physician groups, academic medical centers, managed care organizations, faith-based systems and for-profit. long-term hospital systems. Although each physician has followed a unique career path, our discussions revealed insights that speak to a number of attributes consistently present in the "anatomy" of a physician leader.


From a decade the growth story of India has taken many folds, with infrastructure been at spotlight. Infrastructure has always been a backbone for a developing economy, and road infrastructure enjoy s a special spot in it. Developed roads are the key to the all-round development as they act as arteries to the economic heart. As National Highways (NH) constitute only 2% of all road network and carries 40% of all road traffic, and the projects undertaken are significantly stalled. Hence an immediate upgradation in the technology is need of hour. This paper suggests the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for a road infrastructure project. BIM has been used in India but majorly in vert ical construction 1 . BIM has shown a potential to be utilized in horizontal construction covering all the aspects from pre-project planning to execution. A comprehensive analysis shows upgrading the existing technology to BIM for project planning and implementation will save project delivery time vis-à-vis other resources will be optimized.


It is widely recognized that complexity of metabolic networks arises from duplication, recruitment and recombination of enzyme protein domains. However, variations of the domain evolution mechanisms among different organisms and metabolic subsystems are not well known. In this work we demonstrate strong heterogeneity of domain evolution mechanisms by comparing the domain compositions of the metabolic networks in human and Escherichia coli. While addition of novel domains and duplication of domains from enzymes catalyzing other reactions dominate the evolution in both species, incorporation of novel functions and domain duplication within the same reactions are much more frequent in human. Furthermore, different metabolic processes are driven by distinct evolution mechanisms. Energy utilization and biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids retain more conserved domains and have more intra-reaction domain duplication events in human. In contrast, many alternative pathways of amino acid degradation are formed by incorporating novel functions to conserved enzymes. Furthermore, addition of novel domains occurs in signaling pathways of human and biosynthesis of species-specific compounds such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and chorismate in E. coli and cholesterol in human. Our analysis provides insight about the functional constraints of domain evolution in metabolic systems.


Volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI) are a means of temporary corrosion protection based on the release of inhibitors from films, papers, diffusers or oil to the gaseous phase. By adsorption on a metal surface, the inhibitors prevent degradation of the primary oxide layer and impede corrosion. Thus, VCI provide corrosion protection for high-quality goods and semi-finished parts made from metals during transportation and storage. The application of oil on the metal surface for corrosion protection and its removal can be avoided. Due to rapid volatilization of the VCI after unpacking, no costly cleaning of parts prior to further use is required. In a new approach for evaluation of the protective effect of VCI, a metallic sample is exposed in a small chamber filled with air alongside a VCI-containing product. The air is humidified and the sample is cooled down under dewpoint, which leads to condensation of humidity and represents corrosive stress. The state of the metallic surface under the condensed water film is characterized by electrochemical methods. The present work demonstrates the evaluation of the anticorrosive effect of various VCI-films on mild steel. In summary, the application-oriented test allows for quick and quantified evaluation of VCI-containing products with a tabletop device.


Due to the adjustment of economic structure and development,the organizational form of trade unions at grassroots level in China is variety.According to the Trade Union Law,to take part in and to organize trade union is a right of workers and staff.Trade unions set up by the management of enterprises is violation to trade union's nature and will not be effective in protecting labor rights.However,if we only depend on trade unions at grassroots level,even if trade unions are set up according to the free will of workers,it is difficult to protect labor rights in deed.The solution is to reform the organizational system of trade union,to establish trade unions which leaded by the CCP and independent on the management at grassroots level,to set up industrial trade unions,to supervise trade union cadres vertically and,trade unions at higher level should take on the work of protecting labor rights that trade unions at grassroots level are difficult to do.


We report here the 3.6-Mb draft genome of Bacillus altitudinis Lc5, a potential plant growth promoter and an active antagonistic endophyte of black rice. This genome study will provide better insights into the strain's mechanisms for plant growth promotion and biocontrol, thus facilitating its application in organic agriculture. ABSTRACT We report here the 3.6-Mb draft genome of Bacillus altitudinis Lc5, a potential plant growth promoter and an active antagonistic endophyte of black rice. This genome study will provide better insights into the strain's mechanisms for plant growth promotion and biocontrol, thus facilitating its application in organic agriculture.


Abstract : Currently applicants for sonar operator must be classified H1 - hearing level not greater than 30 dB between 500 and 6000 Hz in both ears. It is difficult to find a sufficient number of applicants that meet this requirement, and if possible, the CF would like to lower it to H2 (hearing level not greater than 30 dB between 500 and 3000 Hz). For this reason a study was conducted to compare the performance of individuals with moderate hearing losses and those with normal hearing on auditory tasks similar to those carried out by a sonar operator. The results indicated that individuals with high frequency losses (above 3000 Hz) and with moderate conductive impairments, could successfully do such tasks. Personnel classified H2 should be able to carry out the required tasks. (Author)


Raman spectra of aqueous uranyl ion have been neasured as a function of pH and uranyl concentration. The ..nu../sub 1/ symmetrical stretching vibration has been found to consist of three bands at 869, 851, and 836 cm/sup -1/ which are identified as belonging to the UO/sub 2//sup 2 +/, (UO/sub 2/)/sub 2/(OH)/sub 2//sup 2 +/, and (UO/sub 2/)/sub 3/(OH)/sub 5//sup +/ ions, respectively. The Raman spectral measurements correlate with equilibrium thermodynamic measurements.


Starting with the importance of programmed immunization,the necessity of building an immunization program information platform is explained,and the design requirements of the platform,constructing principles,type choosing of database,safety guarantee system as well as various functions provided by the platform are introduced emphatically.


In speed skating, the frontal area of the athlete is one of the major factors that influences the aerody- namic drag he/she experiences [1]. The athlete can minimise the frontal area by going lower, and thus bending more his/her knees. O'Sports would like to manufacture the GonioTrainer, a device that will measure the knee of the skater and provide a stimulus to remind the skater to stay low. In order to make this possible, sensors to measure the knee angle and an Inertial Measurement Unit are used to record the athlete gestures. Data storage needs to be implemented to analyse the data afterwards on a dedicated computer. The system must be designed as efficient as possible with scalability in mind, resulting in a system ready for production. This is the motivation behind the BSc thesis work presented in this document. This thesis project focuses on the development of the GonioTrainer's measurement module, or go- niometer: a microcontroller connecting the peripherals and controlling the signals. Measuring the knee angle and an Inetrial Measuremet Unit was done through I?C at a sample rate of 100Hz. Storing the raw data on a flash memory was possible through SPI and as well as transferring the contents to a smart- phone though Bluetooth. Once the information is on a smartphone, it can be uploaded to an internet server for easy access. Also, a special peak detection algorithm for speed skating was developed and explained in appendix A of this document. Transferring the sensors measurements in real time to the smartphone was not possible due to software/hardware conflicts. Note that the GonioTrainer emerged from the idea to improve the performance of ice-skaters, but the end product is ready to be used within different sport disciplines, once the conflicts are solved.


The reaction of β,γ-unsaturated esters, amides and nitriles with catalytic amounts of diphenyl diselenide and an excess of ammonium persulfate in alcohols or in water affords γ-alkoxy or γ-hydroxy α,β- unsaturated derivatives, respectively, in good yields.


Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) has been proposed as an approach in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. The TaTME procedure has been introduced in the Netherlands in a structured training pathway, including proctoring. This study evaluated the local recurrence rate during the implementation phase of TaTME.


distinctive to Augustine (particularly the earlier Augustine)—are resolved into unity by Augustine through the category of the Incarnation and what follows from it, the Church. Thus Hochschild can make statements like these: "the incarnation is a principle of unification of the temporal and eternal" (191), or "our study of memory inserts anthropology into these dichotomies [of time and eternity, scientia and sapientia], and their reconciliation in Christ" (226). Perhaps the scope of the book is best expressed when the author asks, "Why is memory at the heart of Augustine's anthropology?" (186). Hochschild has read widely in ancient philosophy and in the writings of St. Augustine, including some of the less frequently read earlier works. She searches for references to memory in some works in which the topic is scarcely found or is not key, perhaps to illustrate the growth of Augustine's understanding of the importance of memory. Her treatment of the books she studies is more than a paraphrase or narrative of the argument, but not quite a critical analysis of them. Sometimes, page after page seems to run on the same level. She has clearly done a great deal of work. This valuable book should stimulate further consideration of an important topic.


An novel chaos harmony search algorithms(CHS) are proposed to overcome the shortcoming of lacking the local searching ability.Firstly,in order to distribute more evenly in the domain space,the initialized population is generated based on the good point set.Secondly,an adaptive mechanism,in which candidate harmony is generated,is introduced to accelerate the convergence speed.Thirdly,a local search mechanism based on the chaos sequence is designed to improve the local search capability of CHS The simulation results for five benchmarks show that compared with the basic harmony search algorithm,the new algorithms performance better.


The influence of solution treatment on precipitation behavior of AEREX TM 350 was investigated using hardness testing, TEM and SEM. Samples were solution treated at 1050 oC and 1075 oC for 1 hr and then aged at 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC for 1,2,4,8 and 25 hrs. It was found that different solution treatment may be used for different applications of AEREX TM 350.


When the sample mean, y, is used to estimate the mean of a finite popula- tion, the usual systematic sampling procedure cannot provide an unbiased estimator of V (y), the variance ofy. In this paper, we propose a new partially systematic sampling procedure which provides an unbiased estimator of V (y). Moreover, the population size N is not required to be a multiple of the sample size used. We also compare the efficiency of this new sampling procedure with simple random sam- pling, the usual or circular systematic sampling procedures, and systematic sam- pling with multiple starts for populations exhibiting certain characteristics, such as "random", "linear", or "autocorrelated" trends, or periodic variation.


Novel polyketanils were synthesized via the polycondensation of diketones with two aliphatic diamines. The polyketanils were prepared in a one-step polycondensation in the presence of 1,4-diazobicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) or DABCO and titanium tetrachloride. Thermal and luminescence properties were investigated. Polymers properties have been correlated with the length of aliphatic segments.


Assuming that regional gravity isostatic anomalies are distributed by the density heterogeneities connected with small-scale convection in the upper mantle and the boundary deformations, we establish a convection model in this paper, which is constrained on the regional isostatic gravity anomaly. The computation models show that a possitive center of isostatic gravity anomaly corresponds to a divergent zone of mantle flow and a negative center corresponds to a convergent zone. The convection patterns are stable at lower Rayleigh number regions up to about 1. 5 time the critical.


Three 1,3-bridged polycyclic cyclopropenes, exo-8-oxatricyclo[220.127.116.11 2 , 4 ]octa-2,6-diene (10), endo-8-oxatricyclo[126.96.36.199 2 , 4 ]octa-2,6-diene (11), and exo-6,7-benzo-1,5-diphenyl-8-oxatricyclo[188.8.131.52 2 , 4 ]octa-2,6-diene (12), have been synthesized by elimination of 2-chloro-3-trimethylsilyl-8-oxatricyclo[18.104.22.168 2 , 4 ]-oct-6-enes, 17, 18 and 30, which were generated from 1-chloro-3-trimethylsilylcyclopropene with furan and diphenylisobenzofuran. We have demonstrated a facile route to synthesize the highly strained 1,3-fused polycyclic cyclopropenes, 10, 11, and 12. The stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopropene 16 with furan and DPIBF are different. Cyclopropene 16 was treated with furan to form exo-exo and endo-exo adducts (5:2) and treated with DPIBF to generate an exo-exo adduct. Compounds 10, 11 and 12 undergo isomerization reactions to form benzaldehyde and phenyl 4-phenyl-[1]naphthyl ketone to release strain energies via diradical mechanisms.


SHG microscopy has been used to detect the modification of the collagen meshwork in the articular cartilage affected by osteoarthritis. Higher signal in the forward direction and polarisation sensitivity has been observed. © OSA 2012.


The paper focuses on the role of remote teaching and e-learning in the context of modern tertiary engineering education by exploring students'and teachers'use of social media. A comparative analysis of the use of social media was carried out. The results of the survey on the attitude of students and teaching staff to the use of social networking sites in the educational process were analyzed. The study revealed the most commonly used multimedia tools in social media utilized for educational purposes by students and their instructors. Problematic issues that require further study in the implementation of social networks in the educational process are mentioned.


The results of treating 101 cases of tuberculosis in children with streptomycin in comparison with previously treated cases is reported. The treatment programs used in five different types of cases are outlined including the recommended streptomycin dosage formulae. The results of therapy in each group of cases is recorded with comparative death rates. The unfavorable effects of streptomycin and the precautionary methods are discussed as well as therapeutic limitations.


The longevity of life and the rapid advances in the medical field have accentuated more and more neurodegenerative diseases. More than 60% of cases are affected by Alzheimer, an incurable disease. Which imposes special attention for the diagnosis of the dementia in his earlier stage. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has been effectively used, in association with Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), to predict multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the emergence of Diffusion-Weighted imaging opened access to brain comprehension. In this study, we focus on this two-imaging modality to emphasize the contribution of hemispheric asymmetries in the earlier-stage diagnosis of Alzheimer. For this aim, 209 T1 weighted brain MRIs, have been examined: 55 normal control (NC), 106 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 48 AD. Volumetric measurements of subcortical regions and topologic proprieties of brain mapping were combined. All in all, features used in this work are the average shortest path, the Average Clustering coefficient, and the small world graph characteristics, although, Hippocampus and Amygdala Volume. When left and right characteristic values were determined, asymmetry scores were calculated. For the classification task, a random forest classifier and support vector machine (SVM) were performed, then compared. They provided respectively an average of 0.72/0.60 for accuracy and an equality of 0.77 for the Area under the curve. Both used algorithms have proven their efficiency in the MCI group prediction, which confirms hemisphere asymmetry as a biomarker of disease in his prodromal stage.


This paper discusses the validation of computational methods for simulating the dynamics of floating structures. After discussing the development process of a computer code and the sources of error, attention is paid to the various aspects of validation and verification. The use of model experiments to check the validity of a program is discussed and attention is paid to the problem of comparing two sets of data. Finally, some aspects of the human factor in developing and using computational methods are considered.


The highly dynamic topology, limited bandwidth availability and energy constraints for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) make the routing scenario in MANET a complex one. In this paper, we present a novel routing scheme in MANET based on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm that is probabilistic in nature and inspired by the foraging behavior of the real ants. This routing scheme takes into account the trip time along with the estimated queuing delay as the optimization criterion to select the route for packet transmission from source node to destination node, whereas, in the existing algorithms total path delay is determined from hop count and processing delay (a fixed value for all nodes) only, which is far away from reality. In the proposed algorithm, nonlinear weights for the deposited pheromone at the intermediate nodes are obtained by incorporating some aspects of queuing delay analysis while calculating the total path delay. Simulation results in terms of average end-to-end delay and packet delivery rate have been obtained to show the performance of the algorithm


In this paper, we analyze the stability of large scale superpeer networks against attack. Two different kinds of attacks namely deterministic and degree dependent attack have been introduced. We model the superpeer networks with the help of bimodal degree distribution and different attacks with the help of graph dynamics. It is interesting to observe from both theoretical and simulation results that peer degree plays the key role for maintaining stability of the superpeer networks in face of these two attacks.


British Muslims have confronted numerous challenges since 9/11 which have rendered their citizenship 'precarious' and 'contingent', including rampant Islamophobia and a disproportionate impact from tighter security and immigration measures. Additionally, they are also disadvantaged by new forms of governance which promote 'active citizenship' based on both neoliberal and resurgent nationalist demands for citizens to be more self-reliant as welfare provision shrinks. This article explores how young British Muslim civil society activists negotiate some of these challenges by analysing their discourses on citizenship and belonging. Based on an ethnographic study, it is suggested that despite experiencing exclusion and marginalisation, young Muslim activists incarnate active citizenship but with reference to a very different set of values and priorities in contrast to nationalist and neoliberal normative ideas. Demonstrating a strong commitment to civic responsibility and participation, these young Muslims defy fears that negative associations with Britishness weaken the value and relevance of citizenship.