Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Mg with trivalent cations such as
Al, Cr and Fe show two mass loss steps on heating; the low-temperature
(25–250 °C) loss is due to dehydration and the high-temperature
(250–450 °C) loss is due to decomposition. Both steps are
reversible and the oxide residues obtained after calcination at 700 °C
reconstruct back to the hydroxide phase. On the other hand the LDHs of Ca
and Ni dehydrate reversibly but their decomposition reaction is
irreversible. The LDHs of Zn and Co lose mass continuously up to 700
°C without any well resolved steps and the loss is irreversible. These
results have implications on the synthesis of selective catalysts by
calcination of LDHs.


This paper provides theoretical and experimental discussions on conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions from an inverter-driven motor rated at 400 V and 15 kW. It focuses on a line EMI filter and its combination with a motor EMI filter, along with their effects on attenuation of conducted emission voltage. When no EMI filter is connected, the motor drive cannot meet the conducted emission limits prescribed by Category 3 in the IEC61800-3 regulations. The reason is that the common-mode voltage generated by a voltage-source pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter causes a common-mode leakage current flowing into the ground wire lead through parasitic capacitors inside the motor. When the line EMI filter is connected, the motor drive can meet Category 3. The motor EMI filter eliminates the common-mode voltage from the motor terminals, thus bringing a drastic reduction to the leakage current. The combination of the two EMI filters can comply with the limits prescribed by Category 2, which are much stricter than those by Category 3.


The southern margin of the Ordos Block in North China marks the transition from a stable cratonic block to active transextensional deformation in the Weihe Graben, driven by the northeastward expansion of the Tibet Plateau. We deployed 29 portable digital stations across this boundary and studied the upper mantle anisotropy using SKS splitting. The anisotropy is weak (δt < 0.5 s) at stations within the Ordos Block and in the North Weihe Graben, but strong (δt = 1.23 ± 0.39 s) in the South Weihe Graben and Qinling Orogen further south. The directions of the fast S‐wave are 98 ± 7°, subparallel to the orientations of surface structures and the GPS site velocities relative to stable Asian continent. We suggest that this E‐W oriented anisotropy is the result of both the collision between the North and South China Blocks in the Mesozoic, and the eastward upper mantle flow driven by the Indo‐Asian collision.


The third section of the book begins with an explanatory essay by Rewa, in which she outlines her process and objectives. Rewa sees this volume as not only contributing to the historical record but also enhancing the visual vocabulary of the general theatregoing public. She presents a variety of contemporary artists, not as a celebration of an elite, but as an indication of quality and range. Each designer has a unique approach to his art—from Astrid Janson's celebration of the material composition of her designs, to Michael Devine's use of dream-like visual metaphors. While pride of place goes naturally to the larger venues, the author has made an effort to include some works for smaller spaces. Subsequent chapters are devoted to each artist, with biographical information and extensive footnotes.


The purpose of this essay is to describe the thin red line that connects the multiple meanings of the term archeology with the visual representation of the contemporary city. The iconography of urban views especially from a reading decentralized and alienating: the archaelogical character of the post-metropolis becomes the kay scenes in the balance between urban utopias and heterotopias.


1. This study investigated whether the specific α‐antagonist, prazosin, stimulated basal plasma renin levels and heart rate. Furthermore the β‐adrenergic nervous system was also investigated to ascertain whether it was involved in this effect.


Oxidation is a key problem that reduces the shelf life of fresh and processed meat and meat products. Antioxidants are added to stabilize free radicals there by delaying lipid and protein oxidation, retard development of off-flavors, and improve colour stability. Addition of synthetic antioxidants to combat oxidative damage has the potential to cause adverse health effects and thus remained a challenge to the meat industry. In this regard research studies have directed towards natural antioxidants utilizing fruits, herbs, spices, and vegetable extracts in meat industry for improving the quality of fresh and processed meat and meat products. Due to their high phenolic compound content, fruits and other plant materials provide a good alternative to synthetic antioxidants. This review provides the current overview of the recent advances on plant materials used as natural antioxidants in meat and meat products.


Five different slip modes have been identified for bundles of copper fiberssliding on a smooth copper substrate in atmospheric air, argon and nitrogenat pressures from atmospheric to 0.01 Torr. These are stick-slip, variable sliding, intermittent stick sliding and two kinds of smooth sliding, one apparently a basic property of clean surfaces and the other due to contaminants. These forms of sliding are rather persistent once established, and they follow some trends. Specifically, low-pressure smooth sliding is coordinated with a value of the coefficient of friction (μ) near 0.15 and is seen when the surface film is exceptionally thin, while intermittent stick sliding appears to be due to "pads" on the substrate surface,and variable sliding to small particles caught in between the fibers and the copper substrate. However, the five slip modes are erratic in that under the same conditions one or another or yet a third may be observed, even though the electrical contact resistance (R) depends rather reproducibly on time, load, velocity, ambient atmosphere and pressure. That dependence indicates an equilibrium between film destruction through sliding and film formation, overwhelmingly through the presence of oxygen. In the stick-slip mode the difference between pst tic and ųK itic appears to be roughly proportional to ų 0.15, i.e. tfiee xcess of e average value of the friction coefficient above 0.15, being about 20% for ų 0.3 andvanishing near ų =0.15. During slip episodes, R spikes roughly in proportion to their magnitude. Some tentative interpretations are offered, based on the concept that ų consists of three additive components, namely due to the bulk (ųBulk), due to debris (ųDebris), and dueto scoring of surface films (ųFilm).At any rate, the conclusion that the results contradict all previous models of "adhesive" wearis inescapable.


THE PROPERTIES ARE DESCRIBED OF LOESS SOIL DEPOSITS, INCLUDING MOISTURE CONTENT, GRADING, PLASTICITY AND SHEAR STRENGTH, AND THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE EXECUTION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK IN LOESS SOIL. METHODS OF IMPROVING CONSTRUCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL, PARTICULARLY BY CONTROLLING THE MOISTURE CONTENT AND WETTING OF STRUCTURES FOUNDED IN IT, ARE DISCUSSED. /RRL/


This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Dawan in class VII B, where the ability of students for science subjects is still very low. The purpose of this classroom action research is to improve the science learning achievement of class VII B students of SMP Negeri 3 Dawan in the second semester of the 2018/2019 academic year through the application of the Problem Based Intruction learning model with power point media in the learning process. The data learning method is to use a learning achievement test. The data analysis method is descriptive. The results obtained from this study are the Problem Based Intruction learning model with power point media which can improve student achievement. This is evident from the results obtained initially 67.03 in cycle I to 74.44 and in cycle II to 81.11. Students' learning completeness has also increased significantly. At the beginning of the meeting, students' learning completeness only reached 25.92%, in the first cycle it increased to 66.66%, and in the second cycle the increase was very significant, reaching 96.29%. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the use of the Problem Based Intruction learning model with power point media can improve the science learning achievement of class VII B students of SMP Negeri 3 Dawan in the second semester of the 2018/2019 academic year.


Wireless local area networks (WLAN) have become a common technology in our everyday life. The use of WLAN can be seen among home users who use it to access the Internet and play games to business users who conduct daily business activities over the WLAN. The main objective of this case study was to ascertain the level of security with regards to wireless implementation in government and private sector companies in Malacca. To gauge the level of security being implemented, we conduct war driving sessions where we use certain hardware and software to map these wireless networks and then analyze their level of security in terms of whether they use encryption techniques such as WEP or WPA for data confidentiality. Simulation was done to show that some of these techniques are not secure. Then, comparisons are made between the use of open source software against vendor based software to collect and analyze the wireless networks before making several conclusions. The most alarming conclusion was that the level of awareness of wireless security among users in Malacca was still relatively low, especially in government sectors. Finally, we propose several steps that can be taken to minimize and counter problems faced when using wireless technology.


We present the latest results from a sensitive (K ∼ 18 mag) near-infrared (JHK) imaging survey of IRAS selected young stellar objects associated with the Vela molecular ridge. These enlarge the sample of 12 fields, previously studied, adding 10 sites of recent star formation. The spectral energy distributions derived from near-infrared and 1.3-mm photometry allowed to identify at least 5 Class I sources. Their bolometric luminosities indicate that they are protostellar objects of intermediate mass (∼2-10 M� ). Herbig Ae/Be stars and compact UCHII regions could account for the far infrared emission towards some of the remaining fields. The most luminous IRAS sources have also been found associated with young embedded star clusters. The physical properties of the clusters have been determined and used to improve on the statistical relationships already suggested by our previous work. They have sizes of >0.1 pc and volume densities of 10 3 -10 4 stars pc −3 . Where identified, the Class I sources tend to lie near the centre of the clusters and it is confirmed that the most massive ones are associated with the richest clusters. The less luminous Class I sources (∼10 2 L� ) are found either isolated or within small groups of young stellar objects. It is proposed to use the relationship between the bolometric luminosity of the IRAS sources and the total number of cluster members as a test of the initial mass function at the highest masses.


The effect of 15 Fusarium species on seed germination and early plant development was examined in a laboratory study, together with the potential toxigenicity of selected isolates and the possibility of T-2 toxin production on soybean and pea grain. In germination tests, 33 out of 47 isolates of Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. pseudograminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. crookwellense, F. verticillioides, F. equiseti, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. poae, F. sambucinum and F. compactum significantly reduced the number of normal soybean seedlings, while only six out of 48 isolates of F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum and F. chlamydosporum significantly reduced the number of normal pea seedlings. When inoculated on plants grown in Hoagland's media, nearly all Fusarium isolates caused necrosis of soybean and pea root, but neither of them significantly reduced shoot and root dry mass of pea plants, or shoot dry mass of soybean plants. Amplification of tri5 and FUM1 genes, required for trichothecene and fumonisin biosynthesis, was carried out by PCR in 45 Fusarium isolates from soybean and 40 isolates from pea. Positive tri5 PCR reaction was recorded in 19 isolates of F. sporotrichioides, F. crookwellense, F. pseudograminearum, F. poae, F. sambucinum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. chlamydosporum. Positive FUM1 PCR reaction was recorded in 35 out of 38 F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum isolates. The content of T-2 toxin produced by eight F. sporotrichioides isolates inoculated on autoclaved soybean, pea and barley grain ranged from 69.4 to 2595.5 μg/kg. No significant differences were determined between T-2 toxin production on soybean and barley grain, nor on pea and barley grain.


Polyoxymcthylene (POM) is an extensively used engineering thermoplastic polymer. Owing to its superior properties and potential applications in numerous turfs of structural machineries, it is essential to probe the machining of POM. The economy of machining operations plays an imperative role in increasing productivity and effectiveness. The persistence of optimal cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, which are valid for given cutting tools, is one of the dynamic segments in process planning of metal parts. This research work concerns an experimental study dealing with cutting parameters and its effects on surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) during the turning of POM. The approach is based on Response Surface Technology (RSM). Experiments are designed using central composite design and second-order quadratic models are developed to define the optimal machining parameters. These optimized parameters are validated experimentally.


The article presents the results of studying the problem of the accumulation and utilization of concrete scrap. It is noted that during the implementation of comprehensive programs, including the renovation of housing, a significant amount of concrete scrap has already been accumulated, and will continue to accumulate and its utilization is necessary now, and from 2020 will become mandatory. The study of methods of concrete scrap utilization provided an opportunity to justify the appropriateness of its use as a component of building materials. The theoretical foundations for the production of composite facing materials using ground concrete scrap are based on the applied aspects of the methodology of creating new building (composite) materials, the main positions of which were formulated by the scientists of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. This methodology has been tested in the development of compositions and technologies of acoustic and some types of heat-insulating materials: foamed gypsum and mineral wool products of a combined structure. The results of scientific research on the development of compositions of composite material based on finegrained waste scrap concrete, mineral binder and linear polymers (with branching radicals) hardened as a result of chemical interaction with concrete components are presented. Polyurethane derivatives hardened as a result of reactions with water in the presence of catalysts with or without exposure to temperature were used as a polymeric component. The target of the research is the creation of scientific foundations of energy-saving technology of facing products based on concrete scrap. To achieve this target, it is necessary to solve the next tasks: - with the use of the foundations of the methodology for the creation of new building (composite) materials, to develop formulations and technological parameters for the creation of facade products with increased elasticity; - identify specific types of polymer compositions satisfying the conditions of curing and exploitation, elastic lining materials.


In order to realize the scientific fertilization of super-high-yield summer maize ,the field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nutrient expert recommend fertilization on yield , economic benefit ,nutrient accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency of summer maize .The results showed that the nutrient expert recommend fertilization increased the grain yield by 5.28% ,the economic benefit by 6.71% and the net profit by 1 414 yuan/ha in comparison to the conventional fertilizer application . The nutrient expert recommend fertilization could promote the nutrient absorption and utilization of super-high-yield summer maize and maintain the soil nutrient balance .The partial factor productivity from applied fertilizer was 38.25 kg/kg .The agronomic efficiency of N ,P2 O5 and K2 O was 7.73 ,12.50 and 9.01 kg/kg respectively , and the fertilizer use efficiency w ere 28.76% ,13.15% and 43.31%respectively .The method of maize recommend fertilization was worthy of popularization and application in super-high-yield summer maize .


Development and climate goals together constrain the carbon intensity of production. Using a simple and transparent model that represents committed CO2 emissions (future emissions expected to come from existing capital), we explore the carbon intensity of production related to new capital required for different temperature targets across several thousand scenarios. Future pathways consistent with the 2 °C target which allow for continued gross domestic product growth require early action to reduce carbon intensity of new production, and either (i) a short lifetime of energy and industry capital (e.g. early retrofit of coal power plants), or (ii) large negative emissions after 2050 (i.e. rapid development and dissemination of carbon capture and sequestration). To achieve the 2 °C target, half of the scenarios indicate a carbon intensity of new production between 33 and 73 g CO2/$—much lower than the global average today, at 360 g CO2/$. The average lifespan of energy capital (especially power plants), and industry capital, are critical because they commit emissions far into the future and reduce the budget for new capital emissions. Each year of lifetime added to existing, carbon intensive capital, decreases the carbon intensity of new production required to meet a 2 °C carbon budget by 1.0–1.5 g CO2/$, and each year of delaying the start of mitigation decreases the required CO2 intensity of new production by 20–50 g CO2/$. Constraints on the carbon intensity of new production under a 3 °C target are considerably relaxed relative to the 2 °C target, but remain daunting in comparison to the carbon intensity of the global economy today.


In this paper, a kind of arbitrary high order derivatives (ADER) scheme based on the generalised Riemann problem is proposed to simulate multi-material flows by a coupling ghost fluid method. The states at cell interfaces are reconstructed by interpolating polynomials which are piece-wise smooth functions. The states are treated as the equivalent of the left and right states of the Riemann problem. The contact solvers are extrapolated in the vicinity of contact points to facilitate ghost fluids. The numerical method is applied to compressible flows with sharp discontinuities, such as the collision of two fluids of different physical states and gas–liquid two-phase flows. The numerical results demonstrate that unexpected physical oscillations through the contact discontinuities can be prevented effectively and the sharp interface can be captured efficiently.


The discovery of a chronic illness in childhood, as well as the routine of treatment, can impact on how parents interact with their children and consequently on the outcomes of the child's health. This study compared mothers Educational Social Skills of children and adolescents with or without Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. The assessment was done considering: Educational Social Skills Inventory to parents (IHSE-Pais), Classification Criterion Socioeconomic Brazil and the Glycemic Control (HbA1C) obtained by medical records. The results showed the ESS mothers of children and adolescents with or without diabetes are not significantly different, however, in the group of mothers with diabetic children, the variables age of mother and age of child, time of treatment and glycemic control (HbA1C) showed positive and negative correlation with the different factors of the IHSE-Pais. Data was discussed regarding its implications for intervention with diabetic children's families and chronic diseases in general.


In the search for alternative transportation modes in urban public transport, this paper discusses a comparison between the competitiveness of trolleybus and diesel bus transport modes. This evaluation is based on the relevant life-cycle cots, highlighting that trolleybus transport has a high start-up charge of vehicles and wiring purchase as well as the disadvantage arising from the higher price of electricity coming from Italy as compare with diesel oil. Because of these factors, the trolleybus is less competitive than the diesel bus for the Italian urban centers. In the last part of the paper, a case study shows that energy prices and car purchases have a negative influence on the competitiveness of the trolleybus.


The Cooperative Principle (CP), Grice's influential contribution to pragmatics, advances strongly in linguistics, philosophy, psychology and sociology. However, doubts and criticisms on it have been unceasing. They are mainly concerned with the following four aspects: The term "cooperation" itself is ambiguous; the question of whether the CP belongs to a range of principles or rules has not been decided; The four maxims cannot be applied extensively; The descriptions of the violations are not too persuasive. These critical views are the results of some scholars' misunderstandings. First, they ignore to give self-definition of "cooperation" in the CP; Second, they mix the concepts and relationship between the cooperative principle and conversational maxims; Thirdly, they indiscreetly impose the cooperative essence of the CP on the maxims so that maxims are imprisoned.


This paper discusses the need for Supply Chain Business Intelligence and driving forces for its adoption, and presents BI development life cycle along with quality success factors. Also, Internet-based supply chain BI model that enables many-to-many, loosely-coupled information exchange for collaborative business analysis and decision making is described. Finally, the main elements of the developed BI solution and Enterprise Portal based on the native web technologies will be presented.


The invention discloses an air cooling system for a refrigerator and the refrigerator and belongs to the technical field of refrigerators. The air cooling system is designed for solving the problems that the temperature in a refrigerating chamber is non-uniform and cannot be accurately controlled in the existing refrigerator. The air cooling system for the refrigerator comprises an air inlet duct and an air return duct which are arranged in a refrigerator lining as well as at least one shelf arranged in the refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator; the shelf is of a hollow structure; a cold air channel for air circulation is formed by the hollow structure; the air inlet duct is communicated with a cold air duct; a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the shelf. The invention also discloses the refrigerator comprising the air cooling system. The air cooling system disclosed by the invention is simple in structure; the shelf of the air cooling system can be used for storing food and can be used as the cold air duct, so that the uniformity of the temperature in the refrigerating chamber is improved; particularly when the stored food is fuller, accurate temperature control is realized, the refrigeration effect of the refrigerating chamber is improved, and reasonable optimization of the structure is realized.


This chapter rethinks the link abstraction for wireless networks in the context of cooperative communications, which has recently received interest as an untapped means for improving performance of relay transmission systems operating over the ever-challenging wireless medium. The common theme of most research in this area is to optimize physical layer performance measures without considering in much detail how cooperation interacts with higher layers and improves network performance measures. Because these issues are important for enabling cooperative communications to practice in real-world networks, especially for the increasingly important class of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the goals of this paper are to survey basic cooperative communications and outline two potential architectures for cooperative MANETs. The first architecture relies on an existing clustered infrastructure: cooperative relays are centrally controlled by cluster heads. In another without explicit clus-


Objective: The association between periodontal diseases (PDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was reported by many epidemiological and clinical studies and periodontal diseases have been considered as the sixth complication of diabetes. Inflammation plays an important role in both DM and PDs and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are markers of systemic inflammation. Hence, we assessed periodontitis among patients with type 2 diabetes and further explored the relationship between the inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF-α) and periodontitis in this study. Materials and Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study of 139 type 2 diabetic patients and collected the data using a structured questionnaire and medical chart review. All diabetic patients received oral examinations including Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and plaque index (PLI). Blood samples were also collected. Results: 103 diabetic patients (74.1%) had periodontitis (CPI≧3). Diabetic patients with periodontitis had higher serum hsCRP and TNF-α levels but the differences were not statistically significant from DM patients without periodontitis. In the logistic regression analysis including potential risk factors, we found that smoking (OR=2.97,95% CI= 1.13~8.93,p=0.0361) and HbA1c>7.5% (OR=2.45,95% CI= 1.04~6.08, p=0.0451) were associated with periodontitis in diabetic patients. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI and HbA1c were positively associated with hsCRP level (p=0.0106,p=0.0045 respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontitis is high (74.1%) in type 2 diabetes. The level of sugar-control is related to the condition of oral health. The inflammatory markers (hsCRP and TNF-α) were higher (but not significantly) in diabetic patients with periodontitis as compared to those without periodontitis. However, we need a further study and more samples to determine the more vigorous relationship between oral health and TNF-α and hsCRP concentrations among diabetic patients.


The programmed learning format of this PLAID publication makes it quite simple for anyone to use. The authors present the essential subject matter in a quick, concise, and efficient way so that the reader is active in the learning process. The 20 chapters are basically the same as those found in most other texts; however, since this is only an aid, there are not as many letters presented for examples. This publication is not intended to replace the basic text but to be used as a supplement. The publication begins with the basic concepts of developing writing skills and moves to various written communications including letters and reports. The closing chapters deal with oral communication and job resumes and employment. At the end of each chapter is a series of questions for the learner to answer immediately; then by turning the page, he or she is reinforced with the correct answers and reasons why. The authors have done a fine job in making this type of learning almost like a game. At the same time, they show the importance and relevance of business communication for students or anyone else in the world of work needing to improve their communications skills.


In \cite{GCF} it is proved that any quadratic irrational number has a representation as a continuous, infinite and periodic fraction. In 1848, Charles Hermite through a letter Jacobi \cite{Per} wondered if this fact could be generalized to cubic irrational numbers. In This research addresses the Hermite problem, through the study of continuous functions by pieces associated to Fuchsian Groups, particularly a function $f_\Gamma$ associated to the Group Modular $\Gamma$, which was raised in 1978 by Robert Edward and Caroline Series, with this function it is find a representation as infinite periodic continued fraction for irrational numbers quadratics and non-periodic infinite for non-quadratic irrationals. Keywords: Dynamic Approximation, Fuchsian Groups, Hermite Problem.


This paper aimed to identify and explore the understanding and perception of erectile dysfunction (ED) using exploratory qualitative approaches. This study was conducted in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 17 urban men aged 40-75 years. A semi-structural interview guide was used to explore men's understanding of ED, impacts on their well-being and experiences with treatments.


Overall, FAG Bearings has achieved a 40% increase in production with the new, digitally controlled furnace which operates only half as frequently as the older pit furnaces and utilizes lower cost power exclusively. Total manufacturing savings in the annealing operation--in view of both power economy and shorter treatment programs--are estimated in the 5 to 10% range.


369e The Use of Higher Proportions of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Enrich Microfat Has Negative Effects: A Preclinical Study Sir: W read the article by Abellan Lopez et al. that was published in January of 2020 concerning the effect of higher proportions of platelet-rich plasma to microfat graft with great interest.1 The authors should be applauded for selecting this topic; however, we are concerned about some statements that should be discussed. The authors grafted 0.4 ml of the 70:30 plateletrich plasma–enriched microfat mixtures (0.4 million, 200 million, and 400 million platelets per 0.12 ml for the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose mixtures, respectively) or 0.4 ml of microfat alone into 22 nude mice and monitored surviving graft volumes every month for 3 months.1 They mentioned that they used 1-ml syringes to draw up 0.3-ml amounts of suspension containing 1 million, 500 million, or 1000 million platelets while preparing platelet-rich plasma.1 However, the platelet values used in their study seem to be somewhat confusing; simply, the authors used approximately 3400, 1.7 million, and 3.3 million platlets/mm3 for mixtures they called low-dose, mediumdose, and high-dose, respectively. In 2014, Giusti et al. evaluated different concentrations of platelets in platelet-rich plasma on normal human tenocytes and reported that moderate concentrations (500,000 to 1 million cells/mm3) made a significant difference in tenocyte proliferation and added that 2 million platelets/mm3 also increased proliferation but were less effective.2 The main point was that they observed that platelet-rich plasma with 3 million platelets/mm3 was ineffective, and the highest tested concentration (5 million platelets/mm3) had induced cell death.2 For this reason, Giusti et al. reported that in the subsequent experiments, the highest concentration was no longer tested.2 In fact, it has already been expected that the platelet value, which Abellan Lopez et al. called high-dose, would have an ineffective and possibly inhibitory effect. If the platelet value that was called low-dose by Abellan Lopez et al. is discussed, it is still expected that this value (3400 platelets/mm3) is already very low and will give a suboptimal result. Weibrich et al. reported that low platelet concentrations (0.5to 1.5-fold) had only a small positive effect on bone regeneration in a rabbit model study.3 However, even the low platelet concentrations in their studies represent 164,000 to REFERENCES


In this work we will present the most important aspects of globalization in the modern world and its influences on the educational goals. The educational goal is one of the most essential issues, not only in pedagogical context, but also in the context of the society as a whole. Its complexity arises from the numerous determinants which define the educational goals, e.g.: society, sets of values, the development of the pedagogical science, globalization, ideological and political views, social traditions, and invariably the personal interests. All of these factors affect the defining of the educational goals. The globalization with its integrative processes puts its stamp on the educational goals. In this contexts for example, in the UNESCO publications, special significance is given to the following aspects: humanism, social justice, solidarity, tolerance and the position of the person in the society. These aspects can be taken as major determinants in the defining of the educational goal. The "Life in the global world" teaching expresses the influence of globalisation on the educational goal. Still, the question remains, to what degree the globalisation is a threat to the tradition?


Platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in komatiites of similar age but different petrological affinity, lithofacies type and emplacement style are remarkably similar when the effects of olivine fractionation and accumulation are accounted for. All komatiites display a slight enrichment of PPGE (Rh, Pt and Pd) over IPGE (Ir, Ru and Os) attributable to limited retention of IPGE in their mantle sources, coupled with saturation in Ir–(Os) alloys. Significant differences and trends exist, however, including subtle provinciality in Pt/Pd ratios, and in particular a systematic linear increase in komatiite PGE contents with age from the oldest at >3·5 Ga to the late Archaean group at c. 2·7 Ga, regardless of petrogenetic type. There is a linear secular trend of increasing Pt at a given MgO content and in Pt/Ti from 3500 Ma to 2700 Ma across all komatiite types. Barberton-type komatiites younger than 3000 Ma are generally slightly depleted in Pt and Pd relative to Munro-type. Munro-type komatiites from 3200–3500 Ga greenstone belts of the east Pilbara Craton of Western Australia are strongly depleted in PGE relative to younger belts, but similar to Barberton-type komatiites of the same age. Munro-type and Barberton-type komatiites from the 2900 Ma greenstone belts of the Youanmi Terrane in the Yilgarn Craton have similar PGE contents. Age, rather than komatiite type, appears to be the dominant control. These observations lead us to the hypothesis that the age control is related to a secular variation in the PGE content of komatiite mantle source regions. We envisage that Early Archaean komatiites could have been derived from plumes sourced in the deep mantle, which had been largely stripped of its highly siderophile element budget during core segregation and as yet incompletely replenished in PGE by the Late Veneer. Late Archaean komatiites have higher PGE contents as a result of progressive mixing-in of Late Veneer material over the period between the Late Heavy Bombardment (4·3–3·9 Ga) and 2·7 Ga, at which time the mantle had become effectively homogeneous with respect to PGE. The relative constancy of gamma-osmium values in komatiites throughout the Archaean is consistent with this hypothesis.


With the development of shallow reservoirs, horizontal fracture has emerged, and the research on horizontal fracture has become one of the most important aspects of hydraulic fracturing research. Many fruitful studies have been done on simulating horizontal fracture extension. But all the models neglect the effects of leakoff on the distribution of flowing rate and pressure in fracture, which significantly deviate from the practical simulation treatment. Combining the relative knowledge of hydrodynamics, elasticity mechanics and principle of material equilibrium, and based on cell mechanical analysis, this paper presents a new model simulating horizontal fracture propagation which takes the effects of leakoff on the distribution of flowing rate and pressure in fracture into account, and the numerical solution of the model by newton iteration is developed too. The calculating results show that the model and its solution are stable and reliable. Compared to the results calculated by those models neglecting the effects of leakoff, the model predicts a shorter and narrower horizontal fracture.


Individuals with one‐half or less of a full blood meal usually attempted to refeed when the second blood meal was offered within 6 hr after interruption but fewer refed 12 and 24 hr later. Many of those with three‐quarters of a full blood meal failed to respond. Among those held 6 hr or more, the proportion refeeding declined as the volume of the interrupted meal increased. This decline appeared related to the initiation of egg development in some partially fed females. The biting persistence or avidity of individuals that attempted to refeed was similar in all groups.


The purpose of this study was to determine long-term outcome of unrelated donor nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with poor-risk multiple myeloma. Twenty-four patients were enrolled. Seventeen patients (71%) had chemotherapy-refractory disease and 14 patients (58%) had disease relapse or progression after prior autologous transplantation. Thirteen patients underwent planned autologous transplantation followed 43–135 days later with unrelated transplantation, while 11 proceeded directly to unrelated transplantation. All 24 patients were treated with fludarabine (90 mg/m2) and 2 Gray total body irradiation and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Postgrafting immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. The median follow-up was 3 years after allografting. One patient experienced non-fatal graft rejection. The incidences of acute grades II, III and chronic graftversus-host disease were 54%, 13% and 75%, respectively. The 3-year non-relapse mortality was 21%. Complete responses were observed in 10 patients (42%) and partial responses in 4 (17%). At 3 years, overall and progression-free survival rates were 61% and 33%, respectively. Patients receiving tandem autologous-unrelated transplantation had superior overall and progression-free Correspondence and reprints to: George E. Georges, MD, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024. Telephone: (206) 667-6886; Fax: (206) 667-6124; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Supported in part by NIH grants: CA78902, CA18029, CA15704, CA92058 Presented in part at: the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Annual Meeting, February 17, 2006. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 April 1. Published in final edited form as: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2007 April ; 13(4): 423–432. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript survivals, 77% and 51%, compared to patients proceeding directly to unrelated donor transplantation, 44% and 11%, respectively (progression-free survival p-value, 0.03). In summary, for patients with poor-risk, relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, cytoreductive autologous transplantation followed with nonmyeloablative conditioning and unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation is effective treatment with low non-relapse mortality, high complete remission rates and prolonged disease-free survival.


FIELD: cosmetic industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agents used for treatment of keratin materials, for example, hair. Composition for treatment of keratin substances, in part, hair has grafted organosilicon polymer of polysiloxane structure with grafted silicon-free organic monomer in cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable medium and at least one aqueous dispersion of insoluble particles of nonionogenic or cationic polymer and method of hair treatment with proposed composition. Composition provides good care for hair, it shows good fixing activity and cosmetic properties, for example, distribution, stacking and fluffy of hair. EFFECT: improved properties and quality of composition, improved method of treatment. 29 cl, 2 ex


Solid solution ceramics in the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-Sr(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 system have been studied in view of finding materials for use as dielectric resonators at microwave frequency. The relative dielectric constant of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 and Sr(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics is 41 and 40, and the unloaded Q is 7500 and 4000 at 9 GHz respectively. A nearly zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency is obtained for a solid solution ceramic with 0.35 BZN-0.65 SZN. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant is discussed in terms of the Clausius-Mossotti relation.


Insensitivity of random systems to the polarization of incident light even for anisotropic and asymmetric particles, larger information capacity and higher level of information transport security as a result of larger degrees of freedom and the absence of spurious diffraction orders observed in periodic structures with large periodicity are among unique features making disordered structures a promising candidate to address challenges in the optical wave manipulations. Most of the metasurfaces are arranged in a periodic grid and the required phase profile for a desired performance is achieved by engineering elements via extracted information from periodic/unit cell simulation definitely not addressing the near field coupling between randomly positioned elements and so not helpful for the design of disordered metasurfaces. In this numerical study, we show how random arrangement of particles affect their phase shift compared to the periodic ones. We propose a new phase-map to design random metasurfaces benefiting from the statistical nature of random media and addressing the near field coupling between resonant elements. This phase-map provides us with the information on the geometry of particles located at random positions for a specific phase shift. Design of random metasurfaces by the proposed random phase-map reveals efficiency improvement compared to those designed based on periodic phase-map. We hope this new phase-map can pave the way towards random optical system outperforming the periodic counterpart in secure optical information processing.


Road traffic injuries comprise the major share of all injuries globally. Traffic injuries kill 1.2 million people annually and injure 40 times as many, leaving a subsequent number totally disabled. Globally we spend approximately US $500 billion annually. The Middle East encompasses West Asia and North Africa and is very diverse economically, culturally and socially. Prevention and management of road traffic crashes and injuries is difficult. Comparative data are not readily available and therefore developing unified policies is a mammoth task. Implementation of best practices is not uniformly advocated due to socioeconomic and cultural differences. Enforcement of endorsed legislation on road traffic safety is not uniform in the region. Professional staff to combat this pandemic are scarce and it is important that capacity building, knowledge sharing, and increased political will becomes a priority in the region. This paper discusses the problems encountered in the prevention and management of road traffic injuries from the site of injury to rehabilitation and social reintegration. The role of Oman and that of the Bone and Joint Decade in the United Nations on Global Road Safety and its update is highlighted. Introduction Road traffic crashes (RTCs) and injuries are an ignored and perhaps unrecognized global pandemic of shocking proportion, even though they are predictable and therefore preventable. Almost 1.2 million people die in road traffic crashes worldwide and as many as 50 million are injured or disabled [2]. Most affected are young people between the ages of 15 to 39 years; traffic injuries are the number one killer of children under the age of 15 years. The World Bank estimates the global cost of road traffic crashes to be US $500 billion, of which the developing countries alone are responsible for US $100 billion. This is double all the development assistance these countries receive from the donor states [2]. Road traffic deaths and injuries impose a huge economic burden on developing economies, amounting to 1–2% of GNP in most countries [2]. Reviewing the ten leading causes of DALYs in the global burden of disease 1996, RTC by 1998 will be in the 9th position but will move to the 3rd position by 2020 [1]. The fatality rate of change per 100,000 population between 1980–1995 by region shows a rapid increasing gap (Fig. 1) [7]. The socioeconomic impact is due to the lack of advocacy, preventive programs, and holistic approach to trauma care. It has became evident steps must be taken to reverse this colossal problem and its devastating impact, especially in developing countries. The vulnerable road users must be protected. With this in mind the Bone and Joint Decade, The American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons felt compelled to address these issues and to seek the involvement of the United Nations and its associated organizations. Addressing road traffic crashes is difficult administratively in part because the means of preventing and managing the problems cross various administrative and medical The author certifies that he has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. W. Al-Kharusi (&) Orthopaedics and Trauma, Khoula Hospital, PO Box 3007, Ruwi, 112 Muscat, Sultanate of Oman e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 123 Clin Orthop Relat Res (2008) 466:2457–2464 DOI 10.1007/s11999-008-0439-5


PURPOSE: A plant nutrient is provided to increase harvest by promoting sweetness, coloring, and increasing growth while avoiding damage to crops since harmful components such as organic acids are not included. CONSTITUTION: A plant nutrient for enhancing sugar content and coloration includes a fermentation extract of calcium superphosphate, rice bran, calcium supply source, and additives. The calcium supply source is selected from the group consisting of shrimp shell, crab shell, cuttlebone, octopus bone, small octopus bone, oyster shell, and their mixture. The additives are selected from the group consisting of citrus peel, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, lithospermi radix, plantago asiatica, Forsythiae Fructus, ulmus, Lonicerae Flos, leonuri Herba, Phaseoli radiati Semen, paeoniae Radix, and their mixture. The fermentation extract is fermented by inoculating combination strains of Lactobacillus sp., Issatchenkia sp., and Pichia sp.


Unipolar-pulsewidth modulation (UP-PWM) inverter takes advantages of high power efficiency and small output chokes which is widely used in the industry. However, UP-PWM inverters cannot be used in parallel operation due to a current unbalance problem. This paper studies the current unbalance problem of paralleled UP-PWM inverters with common dc bus and ac bus. First, the problem of unbalanced inductor current is defined and analyzed. Second, a technique to eliminate unbalanced currents is proposed. The proposed current balancing technique only requires one more current sensor in an inverter module rather than changing converter topology or modulation method, which makes it possible to apply UP-PWM inverters in parallel-operation while keeping the advantages of unipolar switching. The proposed current balancing method is verified by both simulation and hardware experiment. Experimental verification is performed on two 1 kW, 400 V input, and 120 V/60 Hz output prototypes, which shows a good agreement to the analytical study.


This paper aims to be an analysis of the figure of indefinite non-resident in the field of administration. First a review of the applicable legal regime, starting to do the analysis of judgments of the Supreme Court and various High Courts of Justice is done, trying to answer the most contentious issues that have arisen, case becomes remuneration or the exercise of certain rights. The most significant aspect that has is related to the legal consequences of the termination of the contract, and to treat it the most recent Supreme Court rulings, which involved a deep jurisprudential change are included. But this question is also discussed from the perspective of community Law, following addition to the issuance of an order by the Court of Justice of the European Union on this matter.


DC conductivity effects in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) blends were studied by DC conductivity measurements in the temperature range 20-150/spl deg/C, thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) currents in the temperature range 20-100/spl deg/C and AC conductivity measurements over wide ranges of frequency and temperature. The results are discussed in relation to changes in the morphology of the blends induced by composition and temperature variation.


ABSTRACT Digitize-and-lend library projects can benefit societies in multiple ways, from providing information to people in remote areas or with physical disabilities to facilitating the sharing of library resources with information-poor communities. This article explores the potential of digitize and lend as well as outlines how projects can be undertaken in a manner respectful of the balance of copyright.


This work presents the study of the structural and optical properties of TiO2:Tb thin films deposited on Si (100) and SiO2 substrates by magnetron sputtering from metallic Ti-Tb mosaic target. Thin films were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectrometer (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the optical transmission method. From SEM-EDS the total amount of Tb concentration was determined. XRD analysis revealed the existence of crystalline TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile, depending on Tb amount in the examined samples. The optical transmission method has shown that Tb doping shifts the fundamental absorption edge of TiO2 toward the longer wavelength region.


Smart sensing, devices, and monitoring are essential to localized motor condition monitoring and service applications. A unique approach to the smart device is the use of low-cost wireless sensors for machine condition measurement. Smartphones may be used as the computational platform that acquires motor parameters from wireless sensors using a compatible local communication. Considering the widespread use of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in smartphones, a BLE enabled sensor network was selected for this study. An experimental setup was created to emulate the industrial environment and evaluate the performance of the communication infrastructure for successful deployment of intelligent condition monitoring. The network performance measurements were carried out to assess the BLE performance with several AC and DC machines operated using different loads in a laboratory with many structural obstructions. Also, an optimal placement of a wireless gateway was explored.


For target assignment problem of multi-UAV intercept enemy airplane in collaborative combat mission. Through analysis the main factors affecting target assignment, fusion situation advantage index and air combat capability index, establish comprehensive advantage evaluation matrix. Give the relative importance fuzzy index value based on expert experience. Fuzzy optimization model is used to calculate the comprehensive advantage evaluation index. Establish comprehensive advantage evaluation matrix. Focus on the importance of UAV priorities factors. Definition cooperative attack & defense matrix, get the cooperative attack and defense model. According to the target battle value, using the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm(DPSO) and cooperative attack and defense model for optimal targets allocation. The simulation results show: DPSO has a fast convergence speed, the advantages of powerful optimizing ability etc, can effectively solve the multi-goal optimization allocation problem.


Taximeter based IPC error detector, the unit comprising a taxi meter Calibrator timing, using the error taximeter taximeter Calibrator, control module, a storage unit and an interface unit and the like. Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides IPC based Taximeter error detector, can be of the same period while the taxi meter and the timing detection process, more realistic simulation of traveling so taxi measurement. Taxis can be more accurate to error detection, there is great practical significance in saving manpower, fast, efficient detection of taxi ways.


There are no author-identified significant results in this report. Review of ERTS-1 imagery indicates that it contains information of great value in coastal engineering studies. A brief introduction is given to the methods by which imagery is generated, and examples of its application to coastal engineering. Specific applications discussed include study of the movement of coastal and nearshore sediment-laden water masses and information for planning and construction in remote areas of the world.


We empirically analyze strike duration in Brazil, with emphasis on legislation changes induced by the new Federal Constitution of 1988. Our empirical background comes from a very rich micro dataset built by Noronha et al. (1998). By means of a sequence of estimation and testing procedures based on both proportional and nonproportional hazards model, an d controlling for effects associated with economic indicators as well as geographic dummies, we are able to find significant differences on strike duration induced by the new Brazilian Constitution. Results suggest that the Constitution changed the pattern of strike duration, increasing its length and changing its etiology. Also, we evidenced qualitatively differences between periods of analysis as well, since the proportional hazards specification was thoroughly rejected for postconstitutional strikes . The reduction of hazard rate in the postconstitu tion period we found can be tentatively rationalized as a logical effect of increased organizational level, greater bargaining power of unions and clearer rules of legal procedures brought by the new Constitution. Finally, there is evidence that strikes initiated in Sao Paulo conforms better to orthodox models of strike dynamics vis-a-vis the rest of the country.


The shortage of the order parameter of the antiferroelectric phase in the previous reference is pointed out. An axial vector R = ∑ iqi ri × Δ ri/V was proposed as the order parameter of the displacive antiferroelectric phase. This vector is of the symmetry groupC ∞ i . Using R as the order parameter, we reinvestigated the antiferroelectric model of Kittle type. We find that the vector can adequately reflect the symmetry change of the paraelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition by using Curie principle.


In the past years, a number of conventional and advanced bioinformatics methods have been employed for predicting gene structure and function. Here, we used many bioinformatics softwares to analyse the duck plague virus US10 gene (GenBank accession number: EU195084). The results indicated that this gene encoded an estimated 322 putative protein, contained the conserved domain of the Gene66 (IR5) protein. The protein found many functional sites, but without any transmembrane region and signal peptide. Secondary structure prediction showed that random coil (52.48%) and alpha helix (44.10%) had a high proportion. Analysis of the antigenicity indicated that in the position of 28-44, 100-120 and 302-322 amino acids distributed the most likely epitopes. Phylogenetic tree of the amino acids sequences showed this gene had a closer evolutionary relationship with Mardivirus. These results provided rational data to elucidate biological function and physiological features of the gene and its encoding protein.


This article evaluates the phenomenon and dynamics of union organising. It neither presents a critique of variants of union organising nor a preferred version of union organising as the solution. Rather, it provides some of the intellectual resources needed to create theoretically informed practice. It examines critiques of union organising to foreground discussion of the two key hallmarks of union organising to date; namely, officer domination and externally-led organising. This opens out the argument to consider a number of under-explored areas for the more expansive and ambitious version of union organising. Thereafter, it examines cross-cutting issues between the two countries and the absence of class consideration from union organising.


Ribet has proven remarkable results about non-optimal levels of residually reducible Galois representations. We focus on a non-optimal level $N$ that is the product of two distinct primes and where the Galois deformation ring is not expected to be Gorenstein. We prove a Galois-theoretic criterion for the deformation ring to be as small as possible -- that is, for there to be a unique newform of level $N$ with reducible residual representation. When this criterion is satisfied, we deduce an $R=\mathbb{T}$ theorem.


Cerium-doped lanthanum fluoride colloidal nanocrystals offer a way to improve external radiation therapy through the enhanced absorption of high energy photons, as well as through the emission of UV light in the presence of radiation, providing a second cell killing mechanism. Lanthanum fluoride nanocrystals doped with 10% cerium were anhydrously synthesized in methanol as platelets 10-12 nm in diameter and 4-6 nm thick. The nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and by steady state UV-visible optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Using an incoming gamma flux from a 137Cs source and a Fricke dosimeter solution to measure absorbed energy, a 55% enhancement of absorbed dose was measured for a 1.2 mg/ml loading of nanocrystals over exposure range from one to four kiloroentgens.


Background Early intervention in RA is associated with improved outcomes in randomised trials. UK guidelines stipulate that those with suspected RA are assessed by a rheumatologist within 3 weeks of referral. However, there are limited real world data confirming the value of early assessment. Previous work suggests social deprivation predicts severe disease at presentation and a worse clinical course (1). The impact of deprivation in early assessment has yet to be characterised on a national level. Objectives To investigate if rapid assessment in secondary care associates with achieving a good treatment response, and if this is modulated by social deprivation. Methods An audit, designed as a prospective longitudinal observational study, was conducted to assess early RA care. All NHS providers in England and Wales were required to participate. Follow up data were captured over 3 months for subjects with a diagnosis of RA. Rheumatologist assessment within 3 weeks of referral was the predictor variable. The primary outcome was good EULAR DAS response; the secondary outcome was meaningful improvement in RAID score. Logistic regression was used to estimate for associations. Confounders including age, gender, baseline DAS28 and RAID scores were considered in analyses. The index of multiple deprivation (IMD) rank was calculated for each individual based on super-output geographical areas. The IMD rank was then stratified into quintiles and included as a confounder. Results 136 of 146 eligible trusts submitted data. 11,752 subjects consented, 5,622 were diagnosed with RA. 94/5622 (1.7%) had incomplete assessment date data. DAS28 response was available for 2234/5622 (39.7%), and RAID response for 901/5622 (16%). The table shows baseline characteristics and response for subjects with complete data. Assessment within 3 weeks associated with a significantly greater improvement in DAS28 and RAID scores, with an adjusted odds ratio for a good EULAR response 1.38 (1.15–1.66) and meaningful RAID reduction 1.44 (1.03–2.02). Seen within 3 weeks Not seen within 3 weeks P Value N 878 1356 Age (SD) 58.6 (14.8) 59.9 (14.1) 0.046* Female (%) 65.2 64.4 0.24** White British (%) 86 88.9 0.015** Current smoker (%) 21.1 25.4 0.009** IMD quintile mean 3 3 DAS28 EULAR good response (%) 43.7 35.8 0.001** DAS28 EULAR moderate response (%) 31.2 35 DAS28 EULAR no response (%) 25.1 29.1 Achieved MCID† RAID (%) 48 40.7 0.026* *t-test; **chi-squared. †Minimal clinically important difference (reduction by 50% or absolute reduction >3). Conclusions These real world data confirm rapid assessment significantly predicts treatment response, in terms of clinical disease activity and patient reported outcomes. Amongst those who were assessed within 3 weeks of referral, an additional 8% achieved a good EULAR response. The association with RAID response was strengthened when social deprivation was included as a confounder. The relationship between IMD and RAID response appears to be non-linear and requires further study. References ERAS Study Group. Socioeconomic deprivation and rheumatoid disease:What lessons for the health service? Ann rheum dis. 2000;59(10):794–9. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Objective:To discuss the safety o f anesthesia for epigastric operation in older patients.Methods:46 patients aged from 80 to 86 years were anesthetized by tracheal intubation combi ned with intravenous anesthesia in epigastric operation.The levels of HR,Bp,SpO 2,anesthetic concentration,MAC,EtCO 2,FEV 1,flow-volume verge(V-V)and effec tive chest-lung compliance before and after operation were analyzed statisticall y and compared by t-test.Results:The anesthetic process and hemo dynamics were stable,and operation was successful.During Operation,electrocardio gram(ECG),EtCO 2,pulses and saturation of blood oxgen were in normal levels. Conclusion:The aged tolerance to anesthesia and operation is lower. S ufficient preparation,intensive monitor and proper adjustment are essential for anesthesia in aged patients.


Glycoprotein (GP) Ia/IIa plays a key role in platelet function by acting as a primary receptor for subendothelial collagen, thereby contributing to arterial thrombosis. In this study, we found that the expression level of platelet GPIa/IIa among Taiwan Chinese varies over sixfold and this difference relates either to the GPIa gene 807 C/T dimorphisms or the appearance of BglII restriction sequence within intron G. This is the first study to demonstrate the wide variation of platelet GPIa/IIa density in an Oriental population and its correlation to the GPIa gene polymorphisms. These results provide useful tools for predicting platelet GPIa/IIa density of Chinese.


GLOBAL HUMAN SMUGGLING: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES, SECOND EDITION Ed. by David Kyle and Rey Koslowski. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011 402 pages, paper cover, $35.00Although dealing with human trafficking has become a growing priority for many governments around the world, few researchers and scholars have focused on the global dimensions of human smuggling. Global Human Smuggling: Comparative 'Perspectives, a well-written collection of fourteen essays, attempts to "explore the historical context, social organization, and political ramifications of human smuggling across international borders as a global phenomenon, presenting diverse empirical research, conducted in several different regions. "(p. 2) From a variety of perspectives, including law, sociology and political science, this collection is divided into four parts introducing new interpretations of human smuggling, and focusing on "how politics, not just economics and criminality, creates professional human smuggling of the scale we are witnessing today." (p. 16)In the introduction, David Kyle and John Dale illustrated that human smuggling is exacerbated by a series of interlocking issues, such as corruption, inequality and discrimination. Then, they sort out the distinction between human smuggling, trafficking, and illegal migration. According to the definition of David Kyle and John Dale, "human smuggling is an individual's crossing of state's international border without that state's authorization and with the assistance of paid smugglers" (p. 4). In addition, the introduction advances some relevant issues worthy of further research and analysis, including moral economy, asylum seeking, and climate change.Part I examines human smuggling from comparative perspectives. In Chapter 1, David Kyle and John Dale compare human smuggling out of Ecuador and Myanmar, demonstrate the historical-sociological factors in cases of specific subnational regions, and suggest that human smuggling across different times and places "reveals a wide range of social formations implicating a diverse configurations of actors." (p. 56) They conceptualize the differences between "migrant exporting schemes" and "slave importing operations." In Chapter 2, Rey Koslowski examines the challenges posed by human smuggling to states, and concludes that if the antismuggling measures fail to focus on the demand for smuggled labor, any international cooperations to combat human trafficking will be more difficult in practice that expected.The chapters in Part II provide case studies of human smuggling in historical perspective. In Chapter 3, Eric Tagliacozzo is concerned with human smuggling during 1850-1910, and argues that human trafficking in this period is "still unfolding, even after almost a century of attempts at suppression and eradication has left its uneven mark on the past." (p. 101) Elieen P. Scully, in Chapter 4, explains human smuggling for prostitution from the 1840s to the end of the Cold War, analyzes the unintended consequences of antismuggling measures, and highlights how antismuggling measures confront "many of the same dilemmas bedeviling their counterparts today." (p. 109)Part III offers some important examples illustrating the complex human smuggling issues in China and Mexico, and advances a series of useful suggestions, such as modifying current border control, immigration policies, and law enforcement. In Chapter 5, Peter Andreas traces high levels of corruption in some sending, transit, and receiving states, especially in U.S. -Mexican border areas. Peter Andreas asserts that human smuggling has been transformed from "a more organized and sophisticated enterprise," (p. 151) and the relevant smuggling operations have been more complex and expensive, which causes migrants to become more dependent on hiring smugglers. In Chapter 6, David Spener offers an alternative framework that views autonomous migration as "a form resistance to global apartheid enforced at nation-state borders. …


The green remanufacturing engineering and the green remanufacturing technology for equipments in power plant,including advanced surface engineering technology,repairing heat treatment technology,rapid forming technology of workblanks,emergency rapid maintenance technology,and welding technology for service-life lengthening,have been presented.These said technologies have been applied for remanufacturing equipments in one power plant,obtaining good results,and having remarkable economic and social benefits.


We construct a continuous superprocess X on M(R d ) which is the unique weak Feller extension of the empirical process of consistent k-point motions generated by a family of differential operators. The process X differs from known Dawson-Watanabe type, Fleming-Viot type and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type superprocesses. This new type of superprocess provides a connection between stochastic flows and measure-valued processes, and determines a stochastic coalescence which is similar to those of Smoluchowski. Moreover, the support of X describes how an initial measure on R d is transported under the flow. As an example, the process realizes a viewpoint of Darling about the isotropic stochastic flows under certain conditions.


Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and concurrent validity of a Computerbased cognitive evaluation system (called COSAS) for evaluating the cognitive level of the Korean elderly and to provide its normative data.Methods : For this purpose, 302 normal elderly people participated in a investigation to provide the normative data of COSAS. 52 stroke patients participated in an evaluation experiment to verify the reliability and validity. 302 normal elderly participants were evaluated using COSAS. The 52 stroke patients were evaluated with COSAS and two standardized assessment tools (MMSE-K, CSOA). COSAS consists of the orientation, memory, attention, visual perception, language ability, calculation ability and sequencing evaluation domains. Because the proposed system is an evaluation tool based on a computer system, all results and operations are processed consistently and automatically.Results : The results were as follows. The average accuracy was 45.03, and the standard deviation was 5.58. The average response speed time was 15.14 (sec), and the standard deviation was 3.69 (sec). Chronbach's αscore of the inter-item consistency was .66. There was no difference in the average score between two investigators. COSAS was highly correlated with MMSE-K (r=.73) and with CSOA (r=.76). The specific domains of COSAS were correlated with MMSE-K and the common domains of CSOA. Conclusion : Normative data of COSAS for the Korean elderly were obtained, and the guidelines for the interpretation were provided. A reliable and valid clinically applicable computerized cognitive evaluation system was developed.


I recently attended a number of events and meetings where discussions were diverted towards the subject of tree failures and the risk to the public. Naturally people delve into the murky world of statistics and probability in an attempt to identify risk and to justify observations and decisions. However, I was interested to hear about some of the approaches adopted and wondered if they were the most appropriate. To add to the debate I have put down my thoughts in this editorial, I will not go in to too much detail since I have not provided references or information. This piece is supposed to provoke thought and discussion and is not a scientific hypothesis or position. Risk assessments for trees often start with identification of areas of a street, town, park or woodland that has sufficient numbers of people present at any one time or is close to property so that a falling tree might pose a problem. This is often called zoning. The focus then turns to the tree itself. Poor thing! There has always been a great deal of debate surrounding the prediction that a tree or part of a tree will fail and I have observed recently that that critical word, 'prediction', is often glossed over and replaced with the word assessment. It is an important word because it is an acceptance that we, as human beings, will get it wrong as well as get it right. We are notoriously bad when it comes to making predictions and even worse when it comes to admitting we backed the wrong horse or the wrong team or made the wrong decision. When it comes to assessing trees and predicting the hazard they pose, there are a number of ways in which this is tackled. If you are going to estimate probability or use comparative statistics it is important to start with a robust hypothesis or (conversely the null hypothesis). Without it the use of statistics and estimations of probability will be flawed. The thing that struck me when I listened to the recent debates was that people weren't sure what that hypothesis was. The fundamental hypothesis might be that 'a particular tree or group of trees will fall down and the rest of the population will not' or conversely (the null hypothesis) that 'the tree or trees will not fall down and neither will the rest of the population'. Already, depending on your outlook on life there is a fundamental difference between the hypothesis and null hypothesis. I would hope that arboriculturalists would want a


Pandora was the "pagan Eve," and she is one of the rare mythological figures to have retained vitality up to our day. Glorified by Calderon, Voltaire, and Goethe, she is familiar to all of us, and "Pandora's box" is a household word. In this classic study Dora and Erwin Panofsky trace the history of Pandora and of Pandora's box in European literature and art from Roman times to the present."


Objective:To investigate the well medical therapy of newborn severe bilirubinemia.Methods:12 patients of newborn severe bilirubinemia received the intravenous gamma globin(1 g/kg/d,for 6 to 8 hours)besides the routine treatment,A treatment period of 1 to 3 days,and the concentration of blood serum bilirubin of the patient was detected one day before and after treatment.Results:After the treatment of intravenous gamma globin and ray therapy,the concentration of blood serum bilirubin decreased and it was marked to shorten the time of fadeaway of icterus and ray therapy.Conclusion:The effect of intravenous gamma globin in the treatment of newborn severe bilirubinemia was accurate,but the patients of newborn severe bilirubinemia were not exchanged the blood for the limit of the condition of basal hospital,the patients with intravenous gamma globin were exchanged the part of the blood.


Countries with tropical climates experience various weather changes throughout the year. The weather can drastically change from extremely hot and humid to a complete downpour in a twenty-four-hour cycle. Different atmospheric conditions such as atmospheric gas attenuation, cloud attenuation, and rain attenuation can cause interruption of electromagnetic signals and weaken the radio signals. The amount of attenuation is mostly depending on the raindrops. Rate of attenuation by rain depends on the composition, temperature, orientation, shape and fall velocity of raindrops. In this paper, we measure the effect of different atmospheric attenuations, particularly due to rain for non-line-of-sight environments and proposed a LoRa (Long Range) based wireless mesh network to enhance packet delivery ratio (PDR). We experimented with the LoRa based wireless network by taking the packet delivery ratio at different times of the day when there was no rain and performed some experiments while raining. The experiments conclude that PDR is affected by different volumes of rain where PDR decreases significantly from 100% when it was not raining and decreases to 89.5% when it rains. The results also show that the LoRa device can successfully transmit up to 1.7km in a line-of-sight environment and around 1.3km in a non-line-of-sight environment without rain. The results show the effect of atmospheric attenuation to LoRa wireless network and become a consideration factor when designing any LoRa applications for outdoor deployment.


To reduce the redundancies in video frame sequence for the similarity between the current and the prior image, a new video coding algorithm based on zero-tree wavelet with deflate compression algorithm is presented in this paper. This algorithm is the combination of Huffman coding and LZ77 used in video streams. With this algorithm, we obtain a new compression algorithm which increases the compressed ratio than arithmetic coding.


Rhododendron ledebourii Pojark. is a highly decorative rare species of the flora of Siberia (Russia) and can be used as a source of biologically active substances, as well as in landscaping. We have optimized the in vitro propagation protocol for this species. Sterilization of annual shoots of field plants with 5% lysoformin-3000 provided 70% aseptic viable explants. The addition of 2 mg L−1 glycine to Anderson's medium in combination with 8 mg L−1 2-isopentyladenine and 3 mg L−1 indolyl-3-acetic acid stimulated a high multiplication rate and active growth of axillary and adventitious shoots. The adaptation of regenerants in a hydroponic installation containing ¼ of the basic composition of macro- and microsalts according to Murashige and Skoog's medium promoted the development of powerful roots for subsequent successful acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. This approach ensured the survival rate of 90% microplants.


Visual data mining opens new possibilities for scientific research on the Web. In this paper, we propose new types of spatio-temporal queries for molecular dynamics application. A new visual spatio-temporal query interface is designed and implemented. The Molecular Visual Dynamics Query System (MDVQS) is described. The system reads and visualizes the molecular dynamics file as a sequence of time frames. The queries are defined as geometric shapes changing over time. The queries are formulated with geometric objects and operations over them at the first time frame. The atoms coordinates or the distance between atoms can be chosen as time-dependent parameters of the query solid that defines the shape of the spatio-temporal range query. Then, the resulting region inside the spatio-temporal query is visualized as an animated sequence or frame-by-frame. The system application in analysis of molecular dynamics simulation results is discussed. The temporal range queries in our model can be considered as motion classifiers. The resulting sets are coordinates of molecules and atoms inside the particular shape changing over time.


Work is devoted illumination of results of research efficiency plant community of longterm (perennial) bean grasses depending on nurse crop, quality indicators of a link of fodder crop rotations and power efficiency of offered receptions of agrotechnology.


The invention discloses a kind of Graphene/metal nano particle composite material with sandwich structure and preparation method thereof, wherein composite is dissolved in ultrasonic disperse in distilled water by natural flaky graphite becomes graphene oxide water solution by after oxidation and pretreatment, join the chemical plating system containing different metal ion again, by while reducing process prepare the Graphene/metal nano particle composite material with sandwich structure.This method can by preparing different chemical plating solutions, control reducing condition, metal (alloy) nano particle is plated on Graphene two sides, realize the controlled synthesis to metal (alloy) nano particle composition, pattern, size and distribution, so realize forming the Graphene with sandwich structure/metal nano particle composite material, the controlled synthesis of stuctures and properties.


ABSTRACT Mobility has become a cornerstone of the contemporary social world. In the European Union, the removal of barriers aimed at promoting the free movement of the labour force is a major goal of the integration process. This article investigates the political economy of posting, analysing the working and living conditions of Portuguese construction workers posted to other EU Member States. It highlights a set of abusive and exploitative practices involved in posting and the role those practices play in the (de)regulation of labour within the construction sector. In spite of the access to a pan-European labour market and the general principle of equal treatment, posted workers have restricted social rights in the host country. The study presented is based on research developed within the 'EU Post Lab' project, aimed at promoting activities of cooperation and awareness raising in the field of posting. The methodology adopted includes document analysis and interviews.


This paper deals with the shaft end‐to‐end voltage resulting from asymmetric stray capacitances in an inverter‐driven motor. The origin of the voltage can be any of the following: a ground leakage current, dielectric breakdown in the bearings, and asymmetric stray capacitances on the stator windings. The third origin seems to be related to the differential‐mode current, but the details of the relationship have not been clarified. In this study, differential‐mode tests are carried out on an ungrounded motor rated at 400 V and 15 kW, and shaft end‐to‐end voltage generation by the asymmetric stray capacitances is theoretically discussed. Finally, a winding model is presented for the purpose of understanding the mechanism responsible for the shaft end‐to‐end voltage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(1): 48–56, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22415


The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of third‐trimester antenatal HIV testing within our service after two cases of HIV seroconversion in pregnancy were noted in 2008. North American Guidelines recommend universal third‐trimester HIV testing in areas with an HIV prevalence of more than 1 per 1000. The HIV prevalence rate in our area is 3.01 per 1000.


Purpose: we clinically measured the temperature rise in real time and analyzed the difference of albino rabbit and pigmented rabbit in use of the specially designed thermometer. Methods: Specially designed thermometer was attached into the subretinal pigment epithealial and choroidal space through the suprachoroidal space in three pigment and three albino rabbits, with diode laser of 810 nm wave length, 3 mm spot size. We examined the retinal temperature according to laser irradiance power at each ten seconds during sixty seconds and the laser power setting was 200 mW, 300 mW, 400 mW in pigmeted rabbit and 300 mW, 600 mW, 800 mW in albino rabbit. We analyzed the results based on the measurements at least three times per each irradiance power. Results: In albino rabbit, the maximal range of retinal temperature change was 1.2 and 1.7 in 300 mW and 600 mW, 14.1 in 800 mW power of 810 nm diode laser irradiance. In pigmented rabbit, the maximal range of retinal temperature change was 12.1 in 200 mW of laser irradiance power, 16.2 in 300 mW, 24.3 in 400 mW during sixty seconds in 810 nm diode laser. Conclusions: We investigated the ratinal temperature at transpupillary thermotherapy in 810 nm wavelength diode laser on rabbits. The difference of retinal temperature change was in accordance with the amount of chorioretinal melanin pigment. Therefore if the laser power setting used in caucasians would be attempted in orientals, it is the point to be considered during transpupillary thermotherapy.


In many countries, Australia being no exception, venture capital has failed to deliver the returns expected by investors. As a result, many large investors such as superannuation funds are now moving away from the venture capital / private equity investment class. At the company level this has created an environment that is capital constrained, and at the fund level managers are forced to be innovative in order to attract investment into the sector.


. In recent years, tensor networks have emerged as powerful tools for solving large-scale optimization problems. One of the most promising tensor networks is the tensor ring (TR) decomposition, which achieves circular dimensional permutation invariance in the model through the utilization of the trace operation and equitable treatment of the latent cores. On the other hand, more recently, quaternions have gained significant attention and have been widely utilized in color image processing tasks due to their effectiveness in encoding color pixels. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the quaternion tensor ring (QTR) decomposition, which inherits the powerful and generalized representation abilities of the TR decomposition while leveraging the advantages of quaternions for color pixel representation. In addition to providing the definition of QTR decomposition and an algorithm for learning the QTR format, this paper also proposes a low-rank quaternion tensor completion (LRQTC) model and its algorithm for color image inpainting based on the QTR decomposition. Finally, extensive experiments on color image inpainting demonstrate that the proposed QTLRC method is highly competitive.


Local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT), an alternative noninjection immunotherapy method, is theoretically an efficient method for inducing immunotolerance directly in the affected organ. LNIT is more convenient and less invasive than injection immunotherapy, with fewer systemic reactions. The development of adjuvants to overcome LNIT's limitations raises the possibility of it being an alternative allergen immunotherapy.


This article examines the case of institutional inertia in Japanese financial regulation, focusing on the reasons why institutions centered on informal modes of organization and interaction proved particularly 'sticky.' The Japanese case serves as a particularly tough test for theories of institutional adaptation and change because even crisis – a time when the costs of inaction tend to far exceed the benefits – failed to produce timely institutional change. The paper argues that informal, exclusionary and opaque relational ties served as a functional substitute for formal regulation and promoted cooperative government-bank relationships in an earlier period. Yet, when the informal attributes of the system began to impede the sound functioning of the financial system, the very opacity of these ties and the informational dynamics underlying them meant that the Diet and the general public were less than fully aware of the extent of dysfunction present as time went on.


This paper aims for optimizing links length that consumed the minimum energy, for a customized Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) robot. Nine link length combinations are tested and simulated.  This research is a part of a project of designing a robotic arm for a packing task. Kinematic and dynamic studies are performed for a 2R robotic arm. The results of kinematic study which are angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration for each joint are determined and exported to the dynamic study to obtain the torque and power consumed. The dynamic study is performed with the aid of MATLAB code, MATLAB/SimMechanics and Solidworks are used to simulate and analyze the dynamic of the robotic arm. The energy consumed for each link length combination using the three methods is calculated.


We conducted X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, high-field magnetization, and electron spin resonance experiments on high-quality polycrystalline S =3/2 compounds consisting of equilateral and non-equilateral triangular spin tubes in CsCrF 4 and α-KCrF 4 , respectively. In both compounds, geometrical spin frustration in the triangular planes coexists with one-dimensionality along the tubes. In CsCrF 4 , no magnetic long-range order appeared above 1.5 K, which agrees with a prior report [H. Manaka et al. : J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 (2009) 093701]. In a low temperature ( T ) regime, T -linear component of heat capacity appeared and magnetization curves showed finite initial slopes. As a result, CsCrF 4 consists of a gapless spin-liquid state encompassing resonating spin-singlet pairs not only in each equilateral triangle but also along the tubes. In contrast, for α-KCrF 4 , successive magnetic phase transitions occurred at T N1 = 2.5(1) K and at T N2 = 4.0(1) K because superexchange inte...


Abstract 3898 Background: Although chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) has substantially improved response rates, treatment free survival, and overall survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), only 4050 of patients achieve a complete remission and the majority have residual disease when evaluated using sensitive assays. There remains interest in identifying new approaches to improve the effectiveness of CIT. Ofatumumab is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that is approved for patients with relapsed CLL refractory to fludarabine and alemtuzumab. The single agent activity of ofatumumab in patients with refractory CLL suggests it may have greater efficacy than rituximab in patients with CLL. To explore the efficacy of ofatumumab based CIT, we initiated a clinical trial studying the effect of ofatumumab in combination with pentostatin and cyclophosphamide (PCO) for patients with previously untreated CLL. METHODS: Eligible patients were previously untreated and had CLL in need of treatment according to the NCI-WG criteria (Blood 111:5446). The treatment schema included 6 cycles of ofatumuamb (300 mg on day 1 of cycle 1;1000 mg on day 2 of cycle 1 and day 1 of cycles 26) followed by pentostatin (2 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) administered every 21 days. All patients underwent complete response evaluation including evaluation for MRD using sensitive flow cytometry (Leukemia 21:956) at the completion of treatment. RESULTS: 33 patients were enrolled at Mayo Clinic and Duke University between 3/2010 and 9/2010. All patients were eligible for treatment and have completed active treatment. Clinical characteristics included: 76 male, median age 63 (range: 5083); intermediate Rai risk 27; and high Rai risk 73. On prognostic testing 33 were CD38, 48 Zap-70 , 58 IGHV unmutated, and 6 had high risk FISH (del 17p13; del 11q22). 26 of 33 eligible patients (79) completed all 6 cycles of PCO induction. Seven patients went off treatment early (toxicity: n5; refusal: n1; progression: n1). Adverse events deemed at least possibly related to PCO induction included 8 (24) patients with grade 3 hematologic toxicity and 5 (15) with grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity. The overall response rate to PCO induction was 94 (31/33) with 15 (45) CR/CRi, 5 (15) CCR, 9 (27) nPR, and 2 (6) PR. 2/10 (20) patients with CR9s tested for MRD were also MRD negative by 6 color flow cytometry analysis. Finally, we compared this cohort of patients treated with ofatumuamb-based CIT to our prior 108 patient cohort of patients treated with rituximab-based CIT both of which used an identical chemotherapy backbone (pentostatin and cyclophosphamide). Although the age, gender, ALC, and prognostic profile (CD38, ZAP-70, and IGHV mutation status) of treated patients were similar (all p0.3), the ofatumumab cohort included more advanced stage patients (Rai stage III/IV: 73 vs. 41 p0.002). Ofatumumab-based CIT appeared to be better tolerated than our previous experience with rituximab-based CIT (grade 3 hematologic toxicity ofatumumab-CIT 24 \({\scriptstyle \raisebox{1ex}{8$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$33$}\right.}\]\) vs. rituximab-CIT51 \({\scriptstyle \raisebox{1ex}{55$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$108$}\right.}\]\) , p0.009; grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity ofatumumab-CIT 15 \({\scriptstyle \raisebox{1ex}{5$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$33$}\right.}\]\) vs. rituximab-CIT 24 \({\scriptstyle \raisebox{1ex}{26$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$108$}\right.}\]\) , p0.34). Despite a higher proportion of Rai Stage III/IV patients in the ofatumumab cohort, the efficacy of ofatumumab-based CIT also compared favorably to our previous experience with rituximab based CIT (Table). CONCLUSION: Front-line ofatumumab-based CIT appears to be well-tolerated in patients with CLL. Compared to our historic experience with rituximab based CIT, ofatumumab-based CIT appeared to have less hematologic toxicity and improved efficacy. This trial has been expanded to provide a larger experience with ofatumumab-based CIT. Disclosures: Shanafelt:Hospira: Research Funding; Glaxo-Smith-Kine: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Off label use of pentostatin and Ofatumumab. Lanasa:GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Zent:GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding. Tun:Celgene: Research Funding. Kay:Biothera: Research Funding; Clegene: Research Funding; Cephalon: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Glaxo Smith Kline: Research Funding; Hospira: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Supergen: Research Funding; Calistoga: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Emergent Biosolutions (Formerly Trubion): Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.


A method has been developed to combine sediment thickness, organic carbon content, and thermal maturity data from potential source rock units into a single mappable parameter which can be used to indicate areas of potential hydrocarbon generation. This is accomplished by taking the product of the average percent organic carbon and the effective source rock thickness of a formation to give a richness factor. The richness factor is then multiplied by maturity scaling factors to give source potential ratings for oil and/or gas generation. The rating values can be combined with kerogen-type data, if available, to refine these assessments of generating potential. The resulting ratings provide semiquantitative measures by which the source potential of a single formation can be ompared within an area or the source potential of 2 or more formations can be compared in the same basin or different basins. By using burial history curves and thermal maturity modeling, the rating index can also be used to estimate source potential through geologic time. Source potential rating index maps in conjunction with structural analysis of a basin can help the explorer explain the occurrence of already discovered hydrocarbon accumulations and point toward new areas for exploration. Examples are given of applications of rating index mapping to exploration problems in the Williston and Illinois basins. End_of_Article - Last_Page 470------------


The thesis refers to current & future trends of cargo vessels' air pollution legislation. Prohibitions and restrictions on account of the regulations to be implemented in the near future are also taken under serious consideration.
The theoretical background of emissions abatement technologies are to be revealed, e.g. scrubbers, water injection, Selective Catalytic Reduction reduction, ultra-low sulphur marine fuels, (LNG) propulsion fuels as alternative options to achieve compliance in stringent emissions sailing zones.
Fundamental technical parameters and operational specification of each technology are presented leading up to the proper final choice, alongside the evolution of the marine fuels quality.
A case study is presented. Scrubbing technology and marine ultra-low sulphur fuels are two competitive options, applied to Aframax type crude oil carrier vessel, and a selected annual operational program. Each alternative scenario adopts different green technology and has its operational overall cost over common sea route. An ad hoc techno-economic analysis acknowledges the optimal applied strategy.


The principle for elastic storage of compressed multimedia content has been introduced. It is based on the combination of a random-access storage medium and a bit rate scaling method. When the storage medium is full, the bit rate of the content that has been previously stored is reduced allowing additional content to be stored. For compressed video, the bit rate can be reduced thanks to well known bit rate transcoding techniques. However, these techniques suffer from complexity problems in the scope of elastic storage application and do not present good performance in terms of resulting picture quality because transcoding is applied several times on the same video. An alternative technique referred to as transcoding to a SNR scalable format is introduced in this paper. Based on the fine granular scalability (FGS) proposed in the MPEG-4 standard, it has been adapted to our transcoding problem. Compared to the bit rate transcoding approach, the proposed solution presents better resulting picture quality and does not suffer from complexity problems when bit rate reduction of multiple streams is required.


Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert became famous for their wit and wisdom about movies. Many of us both enjoyed their opinions, and relied on their good judgments about which movies were worth seeing.


Struggles that had occurred between dynasties who dominated Iran and the Ottoman Empire since 16th century were generally the products of policies, which were built upon who would have called the tune in the East. Safavids, Afshar, Zands and finally Qajars fought against the Ottoman Empire over the problems based upon borders and sects for centuries. While sometimes Dynasties in Iran and from time to time the Ottoman Empire were the winners of these wars, the problems having caused the struggles between both states had been in no period resolved thoroughly. The 19th Century was a century, when two states were besieged not only from the East, but also from the West and the North. Iran, who entered the end stage of this century with a dynasty change, came under the rule of Qajars and were having big disputes with the Ottoman Empire over the issues such as border, tribes, sect and having the ownership of sacred places. The problems of Iranian merchants and the independent behaviors of the Ottoman Pashas who were serving in the East of the Empire were added to the existing problems between the Ottoman Empire and Iran until 1820, when the military struggle between Feth Ali Shah and Sultan Mahmoud II would have begun. These paved the way for deeper crises to arise between both States. Seizure of property in Erzurum, where Iranian merchants had a big guild, and financial relationship of one of the significant pashas of the region, Abdulhamid Pasha with the Serdar (Commander-in-chief) of Revan Hussein Khan, turned into a very serious problem. How these two issues that were carried both into the 1st Treaty of Erzurum and beyond became a crisis, their course and solution are the subjects of this essay. This study has been composed by utilizing Persian, English and Turkish resources.