This report examines the role played by Senators in the selection of nominees to two kinds of lower federal court judgeships. Specifically, the judgeships in question, over which Senators have historically played a role in nominee selection, are those (1) in the U.S. district courts lying geographically within the Senators' states and (2) in the U.S. court of appeals circuits of which the Senators' states are a geographic part. This report also discusses several historical and ethical aspects related to Senators recommending judicial candidates.


This study investigates informal learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Distant learning during the Covid 19 pandemic affects all aspects of education, including parents' roles that switch to be teachers at home. This condition enables new learning patterns in order to offer children learning opportunities in their home. This study employs a qualitative approach with ethnographic design. The data collection techniques used an open observation guide which was examined for its validity using face and content validity. The techniques of analyzing data included data analysis across sites with some analysis components of data collection, reduction and conclusion. The research findings, in the form of description and formulation of learning patterns reveal adaptive ways to deliver effective education for children. In this way, they are prepared for 21st century skills and to face the industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0 in these disruptive times.  This pandemic situation forms significant roles of parents in educating their children and strengthen-ing them in facing learning problems. Several parents' roles include educators, facilitators, tutors, motivators, models, and controllers. Their roles can create pleasant learning situation for their children in the current pandemic situation. The multiroles of parents at home are key to keeping a good learning environment with their children. Therefore, parents are the keys to the success of child education during the Covid 19 Pandemic.


The integration and application of science and technology, such as big data, cloud computing, the internet of things, deep learning, 5G, and digital twin in the manufactory industry, makes smart manufacturing come true. The smart shop floor is the foundation of smart manufacturing. However, the construction of a smart shop floor is a multi-disciplinary system. The focus problems of equipment management, after-sale service, and data collection are summarized. To get a detailed requirement analysis, the specified needs from customer leadership, device manager, electric engineer, and maintenance staff were collected individually. Due to the nature of this study, from the case enterprises' viewpoint, the common requirements and challenges were collected and illustrated. According to the connotation of a smart shop floor, it provides an integrated starting point toward a more systematic realization of the smart shop floor paradigm to adopt smart manufacturing.


During the second half of the eighteenth century, the Italian opera buffa successfully spread all over Europe. The works were often adapted to suit not only the new performers but also the respective cultural context. This is also true of one of the most popular comic operas of the period, La frascatana by Giovanni Paisiello and Filippo Livigni (Venice 1774). Although originally conceived as a modern buffa containing both comic and sentimental features, the opera was often staged in altered forms. A number of sources in Central Europe reflect a version performed originally in Vienna in 1775, where the opera was frequently staged until 1795. The changes essentially consist in rather specific substitutions of four arias for secondary female roles (Donna Stella and Lisetta) that modify the original dramaturgy of La frascatana towards a more contrasting role setting and a less buffo style. This seems to be of considerable importance for the further dissemination of this specific version and its staging in different performing contexts, as in Dresden (1776) or Prague (1784).


Foundation degrees were established as a policy solution to the intermediate skill needs of the economy and as a means to effect social justice. This paper examines the outcomes of this policy using an analysis of student enrolment data from 2004-05 and extends the published evidence of the dominance of the public sector in the development of Foundation Degrees. An analysis of both the national profile and sub-regional entry qualifications in two case studies indicate the use of a variety of qualifications including APEL. This provides some evidence of new learners using the work-based learning route but there remain problems with the data. The evidence indicates that Foundation Degrees in the public sector are providing a vehicle for workforce development and widening participation. However, even in such cases, there remains the inherent tension between skill gaps and lifelong learning.


We present the nonlinear optical properties of CsPb(Br/I)3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with high crystallinity. The perovskite QDs show better two-photon absorption response than the traditional metal chalcogenide QDs. And, the photoluminescence peak of the halogen vacancies in perovskite nanocrystals was experimentally observed for the first time.


Purpose

Both gallbladder (GB) and cardiovascular disease are very common diagnoses that carry substantial economic costs. Prior studies suggest that personal history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) could determine the occurrence of GB disease. Additionally the use of thiazide diuretics may also be a risk factor for this condition. We aimed to evaluate different cardiovascular conditions and related drugs that could be associated with GB disease.

Methods

We identified all incident cases of gallbladder disease occurring during 1996 among patients aged 20–79 years old registered in the General Practitioner Research Database. We performed a nested case control analysis using 2353 cases and 10 000 controls frequency matched to the cases by age and sex.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders IHD was associated with a small increased risk of GB disease (1.29, 95%CI:1.08–1.55). When only cases requiring cholecystectomy were considered in the analysis, the resulting estimate was 1.06 (95%CI:0.83–1.35). Users of thiazide diuretics presented an OR of 1.36 (95%CI:1.08–1.71). Other antihypertensive drugs were not associated with GB disease.

Conclusions

Our results confirm the small increased risk of GB disease associated with thiazide diuretics. On the other hand, our data do not support a major association between IHD and GB disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


La Fresa Strawberry is a small and medium family business engaged in premium
strawberry plantation agribusiness and located in Pasir Ipis Lembang. The production
of his plantation produces strawberries which have sweet and flavorful flavors. This
company has grown rapidly and has penetrated the Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya
markets through the distribution channels of premium retailers. The need for large
strawberries in urban areas makes companies have to maintain taste quality, supply
quantity and regulate cropping patterns for sustainable harvests. To carry out this
business, companies face problems not having a clear organizational structure and job
description. The function of delegation of tasks and authority has not gone well and rests
on the owner of the company. Responding to these problems, Universitas Kristen
Maranatha through the Faculty of Economics consisting of lecturers and students of
Entrepreneurship Concentration has collaborated with small and medium entrepreneurs
La Fresa in the form of research and community service activities. This activity resulted
in the preparation of organizational structure documents for the company, as the
implementation of management science and entrepreneurship, a form of university
service to the community, especially for family Business.


My wife and I are part owners of a 1000 kW hydropower scheme in New Zealand. The dam and intake need a supply of electricity for a radio transmitter and PLC and infrequent operation of valves and the screen cleaner. The main load is the electronic equipment that takes a continuous 6 W. It was too expensive to bring a cable from the powerhouse 1400 m away so a 120 W solar cell installation costing about $US 2500 was installed. In spite of having several days of battery backup it failed to keep the batteries charged in the winter when it can be cloudy for many days. We decided that at least 360 W of cells would be needed to solve the problem. This was going to be expensive so I started looking for alternatives and came upon Michael Lawley, a New Zealand engineer who has developed a range of micro hydro units and wind generators based on permanent magnet electric motors recycled from scrapped "smart drive" washing machines developed by Fisher and Paykel, a New Zealand company.


In a recent paper Ragab and Simary (6) have deduced some integrals involving the products of generalized Whittaker functions. We feel that some of the integrals are not correctly evaluated. Indeed the integral (2) should be symmetrical in α and β, as we see by changing the variables by s = − t in the integral, while it is not symmetrical. A similar remark will follow in the case of the integrals (3) and (6).


Abstract The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural management practices on watershed water quality. Many studies have indicated that watershed subdivision can affect the accuracy of model predictions. Most of them used the minimum drainage area (MDA) to delineate sub-watersheds, and varied the value of MDA depending on the size of the watershed being modelled. Instead of MDA, we use the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus)—an integration of the best features of the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD), National Elevation Dataset (NED), and the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD)—to delineate the watershed. The Kaskaskia River watershed in Illinois, USA, was selected to investigate the individual effects of sub-watershed and hydrologic response unit (HRU) delineations on predicted streamflow, total suspended sediment (TSS) and total nitrogen (TN) losses at two USGS gauges. In addition, an MDA of 3000 ha, and four levels of stream (the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th order) were evaluated. Three levels of HRU threshold (5%, 10% and 15%) were used for each stream order model. The results show that stream order had little effect on predicted streamflow, but a great impact on TSS and TN losses, and the impact of HRU delineation became greater when a higher stream order was used to delineate the watershed. For higher stream order, fewer streams were recognized in SWAT simulations, which resulted in less sediment routing and channel processes, which, in turn, led to less deposition in the channels; thus high sediment losses were obtained at the watershed outlet. However, fewer channel processes led to less in-stream N processes; thus lower TN losses. Overall, the SWAT simulations performed the best when the 2nd stream order was used for delineations comparing with USGS observed data, followed by the 3rd stream order. Therefore, to fully depict the watershed characteristics to perform SWAT simulations, a stream order higher than 3rd order is not recommended for watershed delineation. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor C. Perrin


Accurate simulation results show that waveguide amplifiers suffer little gain reduction if Erbium is not confined in the core, in spite of heavy absorption in the unpumped regions, provided that the pump power is sufficiently high. This permits the design of efficient Erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers.


TWO INCH ASTRONAUT are thrilled to present Can You Please Not Help, the bands latest album in full via Hype Machine magazine and below, a week ahead of ...


The purpose of this analysis is to shed light on distribution of poverty within the social structure. Using comparable national survey data from Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia and Hungary we determine to what extent social determinants of poverty observed in the capitalist West are also at work in the specific context of East European societies. Second area of inquiry, here, concerns the formation of the uinderclass. In searching for a post-communist underclass this analysis attemps to figure out the social location of the poor relative to positions occupied by intelligentsia, other non-manual categories, working class, peasants, and owners. The districtive characteistics of the Western underclass are labor market detachment, social isolatio, and material seprivation. Using discrimination analysis we examine the placement of the poor within the social structure relative to ovvupationally based class categories. This analysis shows that in multidimensional space as defined in terms of social o...


The human organism is highly dependent on bacteria for its health and survival. The number of bacteria in the human body is astounding. In total, a healthy adult can carry individual bacteria that have been estimated in multiples of 10 in the gastrointestinal tract alone. (Heumer and Callam 2000) Collectively they operate as a highly organised entity similar to a body organ, although each individual bacterium is much smaller than a human cell.


The time series dependencies of Financial volatility are frequently measured by the autocorrelation function of power-transformed absolute returns. It is known as the Taylor property that the autocorrelations of the absolute returns are larger than those of the squared returns. Hass (2009) developed a simple method for detecting the Taylor property in absolute-value-GAROH(1,1) (AVGAROH(1,1)) model. In this article, we fitted AVGAROH(1,1) model for various Korean financial time series and observed the Taylor property.


Assessment of the knowledge and practice of trained nurses in protecting the patient's rights and factors which interfere in protecting the patient's rights.


The present invention relates to a three-dimensional printer apparatus comprising a multi-feeder and an extruder composed of a rotary multi-nozzle, and more particularly to a three-dimensional printer apparatus and a method of driving the same, The present invention relates to a three-dimensional printer apparatus composed of a nozzle and an extruder composed of a multi-feeder and a rotatable multi-nozzle in which various materials are used, various colors are implemented, and the diameter of the nozzle is easily changed. By driving at least two multi-feeders and at least two rotatable multi-nozzles with one motor, the manufacturing cost and the driving cost can be economically reduced. Further, since the multi-feeder is constituted by at least two, at least two materials and at least two colors are supplied, respectively, so that filaments of at least two materials can be supplied when filaments are fed, It is possible to facilitate the removal of the support member. Further, since it is possible to supply filaments of at least two colors, there is an effect that various colors of the molding can be realized. The rotary multi-nozzles are composed of at least two rotating multi-nozzles, each of which has at least two corresponding to each of the multi-feeders, so that at least two materials and at least two colors are used The nozzle position is automatically changed without the need to clean the nozzle (discharge of the internal residues). Therefore, there is no inconvenience. In the case of a single nozzle, it is not possible to change the diameter of the nozzle. However, There is an effect that it is easy to change the diameter of the nozzle.


Abstract Preparing prospective teachers to work effectively with culturally diverse students remains an ongoing challenge for literacy teacher educators. Current teacher education practices help prospective literacy teachers to enhance their cultural awareness and sensitivity, but they do not necessarily enable teachers to translate their cultural understandings into culturally responsive literacy instruction. This article explores the concept of vision as a reflective tool for helping prospective teachers articulate their ideals about culturally responsive literacy teaching. Analyses of 20 prospective teachers' visions statements revealed five themes of culturally responsive literacy teaching: Elementary classrooms should serve as literacy communities; literacy teachers should serve as orchestrators within these communities; students should be active community members; learner-centered curriculum is the key to literacy development; and promoting ownership of literacy for diverse students is an essential societal goal. However, analyses also identified two blind spots, which represented conflict and controversy within the preservice teachers' vision statements: Classroom management and parental involvement. Findings from the study suggest that visioning may hold important benefits for preservice literacy teachers and literacy teacher educators who are concerned with providing culturally responsive teaching in elementary classrooms.


Business cycles and growth are considered as independent fields for decades. Indeed, after the Second World War, when macroeconomics began to develop through an increased use of mathematical models, the problem of analyzing growth-cycles dynamics appeared as a real (and certainly also mathematical) challenge. Some economists accepted that dichotomy, concentrating their attention on specific questions which they considered as better addressed in models specifically built in order to capture either long-run or short-run issues. Two subfields appeared: on the one side were business cycle theories which focused on understanding detrended data movements; on the other side was long-run growth theory which analyzed the existence and the stability of stationary paths


Farmland transfer is one of the ways to enlarge the scale of production and the agricultural production gains,and the efficiency of the transfer will have a direct impact on the advance of farmland transfer.Based on the data of the investigations made by the authors,this paper employs the DEA method to analyze the efficiency of farmland transfer in five towns of Manasi County,with the result that 4 DEAs are effective and 1 ineffective.It is suggested that the effective DEAs should continue to increase input,and the ineffective DEAs should reduce the cost of production and discover internal potential so as to further improve the scale efficiency.


GC-MS analysis of the essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus migricus Klokov & Des.-Shost, Thymus fallax Fisch. & Mey. and Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak var. pubescens resulted in the identification of 26, 35 and 53 constituents, respe ctively. The major components in the essential oil of T. migricus were found to be �-terpineol (30.6%), thymol (20.7%) and �-terpinyl acetate (14.9%) while in the essentiol oil of T. fallax cis -carveol (29.6%) and �-terpineol (10.8%). Carvacrol was a dominant compound with a percentage 66.1% of the essential oil of T. pubescens var. pubescens. The data obtained indicate that the essential oils of Thymus species generally exhibit some bacteriostatic acti vity. The antioxidant activity of the tested essential oils were found to be slightly low er than butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA).


Participating artists produced sound-based art of varying lengths to be shared with the public through an exhibition, a lending library and a listening centre. The range of work includes storytelling, spoken word, instrumental music, interviews, rock & roll, and audio-collages. Originally conceived as a temporary collection, the works were returned to participating artists at the end of the exhibition. In 2002, the collection was reconstituted and acquired by Artexte.


The fins (1) for a slat blind (3) have a similar sinusoidal cross-sectional profile. This causes at typical slat position sunlight mainly to the ceiling of a room (A) to be diverted. In addition, these lamellae is avoided by the form that a larger portion of the light at the bottom (9) of the respectively over the reflective plate (1) lying plate (1) can be deflected into the horizontal.


average; this remarkably small rainfall in these six months is without precedent. On the whole, "the return is satisfactory. Marriages were numerous the births increased at suclh a rate as is required to meet the demanids of industry and of colonial enterprise. The mortality is declining, but at a slower pace than would be w^itnessed if there were more intelligence, and less hesitation, in sanitary work. Yet the policy of improving the health of the people surpasses every other in importance".


Introduction: Health information technology (HIT) is essential in the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity due to the medical data and information available to health care providers and patients. However, exploration of HIT access and use among obese individuals remains limited. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare access to and use of HIT among obese and non-obese Americans. Methods: We considered cross-sectional secondary data from 3,865 United States adults that were collected through the Health Information National Trends Survey in 2020. Contingency tables were performed stratifying between men and women to assess whether they differed according to body mass index (BMI) levels with respect to HIT categories. Results: Elevated BMI in women was associated with the use of a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to e-mail or use the Internet to communicate with a doctor or a doctor's office. In addition, elevated BMI in both genders was associated with sharing information from a smartphone/electronic device with a health professional. Finally, the use of an electronic device to monitor or track health or activity was found to be more prevalent among women with elevated BMI compared to those with normal BMI. Conclusion: Future studies should expand research in terms of interventions linked to health information technology in adults with obesity by considering the gender factor. Moreover, the expansion of research into electronic health (eHealth) interventions is particularly important because it would favour the prevention, management, control, and treatment of obesity.


This is a timely book devoted to the role of frontal–subcortical (FSC) circuits in various aspects of cognition, behavior, and physical functioning. The book is comprehensive: 16 chapters and more than 425 pages are devoted to cognate topics under the umbrella of FSC circuitry. In keeping with the principal interests and expertise of the editors, the book emphasizes psychiatric features associated with FSC circuits. Accordingly, one can classify this book as falling squarely in the field of neuropsychiatry, although behavioral neurologists and clinical neuropsychologists also will find much useful information in these chapters. The editors write in the preface that their book "will interest a broad spectrum of readers, including neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavioral neurologists, and psychiatrists, as well as those who are training in these disciplines." This seems a generally fair claim, although basic neuroscientists will find less of interest here than readers from the more clinically oriented disciplines. The book has a number of strengths, beginning with the introduction and overview prepared by editors Lichter and Cummings. In fact, the introduction nicely summarizes most of the book's contents, and I recommend this chapter as required reading for all students of neuropsychiatry and behavioral neurology and perhaps even clinical neuropsychology. Most of the main messages in the book can be taken from this chapter; the subsequent offerings expand and amplify the themes developed by Lichter and Cummings. Another strength is the focus of the book. In every chapter, and on nearly every page, there is some mention of FSC circuits—no author has wandered far from this organizing principle. The editors are to be credited for keeping the basic theme at the forefront of everything presented in the book. Admittedly, not all may agree DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 21(1), 113–115 Copyright © 2002, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


Abstract Background: Severe insulin resistance is unusual in young patients with type 1 DM and normal BMI.  We report a case of severe insulin resistance attributed to the development of insulin antibodies.    Clinical Case: An 18 year old male with uncontrolled Type 1 DM was admitted to psychiatry for management of a delusional disorder.  His home insulin regimen consisted of degludec 56 units daily and aspart 30 units before meals. He weighed 75 kg with a BMI of 27.5 kg/m2. Initial blood work revealed hyperglycemia with glucose of 549 mg/dl, HbA1C of 10%, C-peptide of <0.1 ng/ml (0.9-7.1 ng/ml), and no evidence of urinary ketones, acidemia, hyperosmolarity or thyroid dysfunction. He was started on a basal bolus regimen with a total daily dose of 0.9 units/kg.  His hyperglycemia persisted despite rising standing insulin doses and metformin 1000 mg twice daily was added with minimal improvement in glycemic control.  Due to persistent hyperglycemia despite rising insulin doses, insulin antibody titers were measured and found to be elevated at 4.4 U/ml (<0.4 U/ml.)  When his psychiatric symptoms stabilized, he was discharged on a basal bolus regimen with total daily dose of 2.6 units/kg and metformin 1000 mg twice a day with improved glycemic control.   Conclusion: Development of insulin antibodies is known to occur in type 1 diabetics using animal preparations of insulin but far less commonly in patients receiving recombinant human insulin or insulin analogues. Factors related to their development include the type of insulin (animal insulin having higher immunogenicity), mode of delivery (increased levels seen with insulin pump use and more frequent injections) and predisposing genetic factors such as certain HLA types. In some individuals, these antibodies may be clinically insignificant while others may develop severe insulin resistance with highly variable glycemic control. Often these patients experience marked hypoglycemia at night yet are hyperglycemic during the day. Treatment options include switching insulin formulations, insulin sensitization with metformin or thiazolidinediones, stimulation of insulin production with sulfonylureas or GLP-1 receptor agonists and immunosuppression with glucocorticoids, mycophenolate or cyclophosphamide.  In patients who fail these treatments, plasmapheresis has been described as an alternative. In conclusion, the presence of insulin antibodies should be considered in patients with severe hyperglycemia despite increasing doses of insulin.  References: Hu X, Chen F. Exogenous insulin antibody syndrome (EIAS): a clinical syndrome associated with insulin antibodies induced by exogenous insulin in diabetic patients. Endocr Connect. 2017;7(1):R47-R55.


A likely definition of the poor risk patient might be "any patient who by virtue of known infirmities or abnormal characteristics may react unfavorably or abnormally while undergoing anesthesia." It is readily apparent that a wide and varied group as to age and physical characteristics is thus included. Modern methods and drugs have advanced the science of anesthesia to a point where a previously dread experience now becomes a relatively pleasant one. At the same time the burdens and the inconveniences of both surgeon and anesthetist have been greatly reduced. In spite of all this there is not necessarily a completely safe anesthetic. One might correctly say that the safest anesthetic is one given by a conscientious operator who uses agents and equipment with which he is completely familiar and with which he knows what can be accomplished. Some of the older drugs and methods were, and still are, very helpful in teaching basic anesthesia. There are those who for many years of practice had mainly two general anesthetic agents ni-


First-order temporal logic is founded in accordance with the development of computer science. It is a development of modal logic and temporal logic; besides, it has functions of predicate calculus. This paper attempts to lay a foundation by setting up a completeness theorem for the first-order temporal logic with equality, which makes extensive uses.


IRS-P5 Cartosat-1 high resolution stereo satellite imagery is well suited for the creation of DSMs. A system for highly automated and operational DSM and orthoimage generation based on IRS-P5 Cartosat-1 imagery is presented, with an emphasis on automated processing and product quality. The proposed system processes IRSP5 level-1 stereo scenes using the rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) universal sensor model. The described method uses an RPC correction based on DSM alignment instead of using reference images with a lower lateral accuracy, which results in improved geolocation of the DSMs and orthoimages. Following RPC correction, highly detailed DSMs with 5 m grid spacing are derived using Semiglobal Matching.


Ganga is the most widely worshipped of all the renowned rivers due to great antiquity and religious sanctity for millions of Hindus in India. The Indian civilization and culture nurtured along with Ganga. This study elucidates economic classification of riparian floral diversity along Ganga River. A total of 276 riparian plant species belonging to 82 families and 225 genera have been documented and identified, of which 56.16% species were found for medicinal values, which are being used to cure various ailments in human beings while rest species for timber, fuel wood, fodder, ecological/ environmental specific and miscellaneous values. In terms of taxonomic diversity, Poaceae was the dominant family among all the study sites. (Gangwar RS, Gangwar KK. Taxonomic and Economic Classification of Riparian floral Diversity along River Ganga in Garhwal Himalayan Region of India. Researcher. 2011;3(4):5-14). (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net .


This paragraph is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the possible introduction of central banks digital currencies. In particular, it analyzes the theory of private money, the concept of cryptocurrencies, features of the issue of funds, as well as the practice of central banks of foreign countries on the development and implementation of digital currencies in the financial system, the position of the Bank of Russia on this issue, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the circulation of central banks digital currencies.


PURPOSE: A high-voltage generation circuit of a semiconductor device is provided to prevent high voltage rising to a predetermined level when an operation cycle is faster, by stopping a pumping operation in a high-speed operation. CONSTITUTION: A charge pumping part(10) is enabled by a first control signal, and pumps a charge with a first pumping ratio during a stand-by operation, and responds to an operation signal to pump a charge with a second pumping ratio. A capacitor(C) charges a charge pumped from the charge pumping part, and provides a charge voltage which is higher than a power voltage. When the high voltage rises to a predetermined first voltage level, a clamp part bypasses a residual charge by the power voltage. A first voltage level detector generates a first control signal by detecting the high voltage dropping to a predetermined second voltage level. If the high voltage rises to a third voltage level and the operation signal's cycle becomes faster, a detector(20) generates a gate signal for interrupting an operation signal supplied to the charge pumping part. A gate part(28) gates the operation signal applied to the charge pumping part by responding to the gate signal.


The present study is a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the nature of sexually transmitted disease in early pre-modern Europe. A central question has been whether the European Middle Ages knew syphilis or a disease similar to it prior to the first contacts with the New World, or whether its experience of venereal disease was limited to the gonorrhea and chlamydia known since antiquity, or, thirdly, whether some other reflex of treponematosis may have been present in early Europe. The document which the essay adduces for consideration has no scientific pretensions not even those of its era and must be approached with considerable circumspection and contexualization.


Testing plays a very important role in the process of software development. Accuracy of the correctly functioning algorithm must be checked, regardless of the developing software process we use. In my thesis I wanted to upgrade or more precisely – to expand ALGator system, so that it would not only verify the accuracy of algorithms functionality written in JAVA programming language, but to also check the functionality of algorithms written in C++ programming language. Our approach is based on a already existing system – ALGator, but we would like to enable equal experience while working on ALGatorC - expanded version of the programme. We would also like to check the same parameters in C++ and JAVA programming languages, so we could be able to compare given results.


This study was carried out to investigate spiritual accounting and how it has affected corporate financial reporting in Microfinance banks in Delta State, Nigeria. The population of the study consists of accounting staff of 25 Microfinance Banks in Delta State. The study adopted a survey research design hence data were collected by means of a self-designed questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed to bring out the descriptive statistics while the hypotheses formulated were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings of the study indicated that the awareness of Spiritual Accounting has enhanced accountability and transparency, in financial reports of MFBs. The study recommends the promotion of spiritual accounting since it will significantly improve the level of accountability and transparency in financial reporting of MFBs.

https://iiardjournals.org/get/JAFM/VOL. 8 NO. 4 2022/SPIRITUAL ACCOUNTING AND CORPORATE.pdf


Takes Japanese MITSUBISHI FX series and OMRON C series P type PLC as examples, simply analyzes the status of three PLC parts which related with outside circuit, the design of hardware circuit is given.


The UV spectrophotometry was used for determining micronomicin sulfate injections.The method was simple and accurate. The average recovery was 99.98%(RSD=0.26%).


Lower Cretaceous and Triassic-Hettangian clays from the Algarve Basin (South Portugal) were deposited in distinct environments during basin subsidence due to Pangea break up. The mineralogy, geochemistry and granulometry of 45 samples of both clay groups were studied, using X-ray diffraction, instrumental neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence and laser diffractometry by attenuation of X-rays. Multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and K-means clustering), after scandium normalization of chemical contents, were used to study simultaneously all data, enabling to distinguish the different clay types by establishing the best discriminatory parameters: high contents (in decreased order) of kaolinite, quartz, Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Ti, goethite, Hf, Si, > 63 μm fraction and Zr, characterize the group of clays from Cretaceous; while high contents of hematite, Mg, mobile elements (K, Cs and P), illite, Ca, phyllosilicates in general, Mn and dolomite, are associated to Triassic-Hettangian clays. This approach revealed useful to facilitate the integration of all data, as was possible to confront the geochemistry with the mineralogy, enabling the best palaeoenvironmental interpretations. In fact, the clay mineral assemblage is significantly influenced by the domi- nant weathering process and provides information on changes in aridity/humidity patterns.


A method for controlling by means of a energisable clutch actuator (64) actuable, non-latching clutch (62) between a drive unit and a transmission, having a control device (60) by means of which a control of the clutch actuator (64) and a detection of measurement data from a sensor ( 66) is effected for determining a clutch position, to verify a clutch reference position, the clutch actuator (64) is de-energized for a predetermined first passive time period or until the occurrence of an actuator stoppage and thereafter the clutch position attained is determined in a first measurement and for a given active ; period takes place a current supply to the clutch actuator (64) and the clutch actuator (64) then for a predetermined further passive time period or until the occurrence of an actuator stoppage is switched again de-energized and then determines the clutch position in a further measurement and CONNECTING is checked end, whether the most recently measured clutch position can be verified as a new clutch reference position, by determining whether the match in the past and in the previous measurement certain clutch positions or within ...


A 2½-dimensional fully electromagnetic particle simulation code is used to study the temporal evolution of a plasma magnetized by a dipole embedded in a uniform magnetic field, as the direction of the uniform field reverses direction. The magnetic field topology is observed to change from an open to a closed configuration. Our simulations show that as the magnetic field reversal propagates into the ambient plasma, a current sheet forms and moves toward the dipole at about the local Alfven speed. The current sheet breaks into filaments, with each filament interacting with the dipole in a process that resembles coalescence, resulting in some particle heating. We find that the resulting magnetic field topology does not depend significantly on the initial plasma β for 1.0 > β > 0.05.


The scientific approaches to the epistolary genre in literature were analyzed and systematized in the article. The correspondence of V. Stus as an integral text, its poetics in terms of contact with different cultural codes and systems was investigated. The original character of artist's ideological system, the uniqueness of philosophical and aesthetic concepts of interaction between man and the world were revealed in materials of his correspondences. It was proved that correspondences of V. Stus is a significant evidence of evolutionary processes of genre development from the factual presentation to the creation of a massive image of the master of artistic expression. Epistolary by V. Stus is a correspondence by writer who, despite isolation from literary life, was its active participant. In the epistles modified formula of address as correspondence addressed to both his wife and parents, and son, for the letter writer is primarily a form of direct communication, because the methods of making sheet diverse and complex, clarify dialogical nature of Vasyl Stus's correspondence. It may be distinguished as epistles with high historical consciousness, the poet leaves behind the reference to the destination can be define as, the "group", the latter tend to form of a diary and essays, particularly innovative writing is emotion, expression, philosophic, which helps play a vital truth. In the process of historical and literary study of the problem a number of issues that require further investigation were identified: determination of the nature and functions epistolary by V. Stus in the literary process of the 60–80th of the twentieth century. It is necessary to disclose axiological and epistemological aspects of the artistic mind of the poet in his correspondence.


In this paper we consider the design of waveform libraries for radars capable of PRI to PRI waveform switching. In particular, we concentrate on the design of waveform libraries to optimise the performance of the radar's tracking system. Our approach is to define a utility function for each waveform library based on the mutual information between the measurements made possible by the wave-forms in the library and the types of posterior distributions (state covariances) which could potentially be produced by the tracking system. We also propose some possible waveform libraries based on symplectic transformation of a fixed waveform and analyse these in terms of our utility function.


Continuous changing of drought frequency and duration affects crop production. Among many techniques used to improve crop growth, the use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been popular in recent years. However, limited knowledge is available to understand the action of CAP on the seeds that help in germination and growth enhancement. This work aims to determine the effect of CAP on the barley seed coat using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). We observed that EPR intensity for Fe3+ increases with plasma treatment time. However, the intensity of the stable organic radical decreases for higher plasma treatment. We suggest that reactive species generated by CAP treatment for short time intervals can increase the radical contents in the barley seeds. That may accelerate the plant hormone or other biological processes to improve the germination, seedling growth,


Natural and phosphate groups of the synthetic oligomers and polymer, in the presence of chemically relevant radicals such as carboxylic acid groups, a method is provided for selectively labeled. This method, phosphopeptide, comprising the phosphoprotein and phospholipids, in particular applicable to biological oligomers and polymers. In certain embodiments, the phosphate groups in proteins and peptides selectively be labeled, for example, separation of phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides in complex mixture of proteins, to facilitate isolation and detection. Using selective marker, oligomers or polymers (e.g., peptide or protein) is selectively introduced into the phosphate-labeled phosphate groups in. Using the detection of the presence of the label, to detect the presence of a phosphate group of the oligomer or polymer. This method is useful for detection of phosphorylated protein or phosphopeptides.


. Let L be a J -subspace lattice on a Banach space X over the real or complex field F with dim X ≥ 2 and Alg L be the associated J -subspace lattice algebra. For any scalar ξ ∈ F , there is a characterization of any linear map L : Alg L → Alg L satisfying L ([ A,B ] ξ ) = [ L ( A ) ,B ] ξ + [ A,L ( B )] ξ for any A,B ∈ Alg L with AB = 0 (rep. [ A,B ] ξ = AB − ξBA = 0) given. Based on these results, a complete characterization of (generalized) ξ -Lie derivations for all possible ξ on Alg L is obtained.


In the present study, calorimetric measurements were conducted to determine CO2 behavior in aqueous solutions of 30 and 50 wt % N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) and 40 + 10 wt % MDEA–piperazine (PZ) ...


Theories of play have identified many ways in which play may advance children's development. Yet, much traditional childhood play is being replaced by time spent on computer play. However, such computer programs are often produced without theoretical foundation, using animations, colour, sound, and surprise as the basis of their design rather than pedagogical principles or theories. This study explores the affordances of different types of computer play in enhancing children's traditional developmental play. A number of computer games designed for young children were selected on the basis of criteria developed from an extensive literature analysis. This study presents analysis of a preliminary study in which two young siblings were observed playing the selected games in a variety of settings, including their natural home environment.


Rapidly advancing av ia t ion appl ica t ions of digi t a l microelectronics and composite s t ruc tu res technologies have given new emphasis t o s tud ies of the atmospheric e l e c t r i c i t y environment i n which a i r c r a f t operate , and t o the design and operat ional f a c t o r s which inf luence the in te rac t ion of a i r c r a f t and t h e i r subsystems with l igh tn ing and e lec t ros t a t i c discharge. Qual i ta t ive answers can now be given to many of the questions ra i sed i n dialog between the operat ional and research communities, and i n a t l e a s t t he one case of l igh tn ing t r i g ger ing by a i r c r a f t , spec i f i c numbers have been proposed f o r a t r i gge r c r i t e r i o n which imply quant i tat i v e a i r c r a f t a i r e effects. These answers suggest possible new instrumentation and techniques f o r l igh tn ing avoidance, using e l e c t r o s t a t i c f i e l d sens ing, which a r e out l ined. Such s t a t i c f i e l d sensing systems may a l s o have appl ica t ion f o r avaidance of l igh tn ing t r igge r ou ts ide a c t i v e storm areas , and f o r turbulence and wind shear avoidance problems.


Frequency response of the embodiment of the mechanical measuring means for measuring the frequency response of the servo system feedback control system, the frequency response measuring device comprising: an excitation condition setting unit that sets a plurality of different excitation conditions; excitation execution unit different excitation conditions using the excitation signal, the servo system performs multiple excitation; frequency response and a calculation unit, which had the plurality of times from the excitation servo control system, a plurality of times for each excitation of the excitation, and acquiring the input signal identified group identification output signal, said excitation each condition based on the plurality of excitation in the excitation and identifying the set of input signals and output the identification signal, the frequency response calculation.


FDMA PON allows the ONU complexity and cost to be tailored to the service level targeted per customer while achieving high per wavelength throughput (35-39Gbps downlink). Initial progress towards an all Silicon ONU is presented.


With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards,the sources,types and quantity of indoor air pollutants increase.Therefore,indoor air quality becomes a hot research topic in the field of built environment.This paper analyzes the effects of indoor air quality pollutants concentration,cites the causes of the decline of indoor air quality and the main characteristics of indoor air pollution.This paper summarizes the relevant research results and finds that the correlation of outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution can distinguish pollutants sources and concentration levels of different types of buildings,and find out the real cause of the pollution to provide appropriate guidance and take corresponding control strategy,particularly for central ventilation and air conditioning systems.The best operation strategy for central air conditioning will be developed under the comprehensive consideration of outdoor air pollutants concentration,indoor air pollutants concentration,indoor temperature and humidity and other factors.


Background— The role of adaptive immunity, especially CD4+ T-helper cells, has not yet been systematically investigated in wound healing and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, we studied whether CD4+ T cells become activated and influence wound healing after experimental MI in mice. Methods and Results— When we compared sham versus MI in wild-type (WT) mice, T-cell receptor–dependent activation of both conventional Foxp3− and regulatory Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells could be demonstrated in heart-draining lymph nodes within the first week after MI. Concomitantly, we found infiltration of CD4+ T cells in infarcted myocardium. To study the role of CD4+ T cells in wound healing and remodeling, CD4+ T-cell–deficient mice (CD4 knockout [KO], MHCII&Dgr;/&Dgr;) and T-cell receptor–transgenic OT-II mice recognizing an irrelevant ovalbumin-derived peptide were studied. Serial echocardiography up to day 56 after MI revealed increased left ventricular dilation in CD4 KO compared with WT mice. Within the infarcted myocardium, CD4 KO mice displayed higher total numbers of leukocytes and proinflammatory monocytes (18.3±3.0 104/mg WT versus 75.7±17.0 104/mg CD4 KO, P<0.05). MHCII&Dgr;/&Dgr; and OT-II mice displayed significantly greater mortality (21% WT versus 48% OT-II, P<0.05, and WT 22% versus 52% MHCII&Dgr;/&Dgr;, P<0.05) and myocardial rupture rates than WT mice. Collagen matrix formation in the infarct zone was severely disturbed in CD4 KO and MHCII&Dgr;/&Dgr; mice, as well as in OT-II mice. Conclusions— The present study provides the first evidence that CD4+ T cells become activated after MI, presumably driven by recognition of cardiac autoantigens, and facilitate wound healing of the myocardium.


This study estimated the nitrogen budget, including gaseous nitrogen oxides (NO x ), of South Korea in 2012~2014. The nitrogen budget was classified into three categories: agricultural and livestock, forest, and city. To estimate the nitrogen budget, several input and output parameters were investigated, including deposition, fixation, irrigation, chemical fertilizer use, compost, fuel, denitrification, volatilization, runoff, crop uptake, leaching, and NO x emissions. The annual nitrogen inputs from 2012 to 2014 were 6,202,828, 6,137,708, and 6,022,379 ton/yr, respectively. The corresponding annual nitrogen outputs were 1,393,763, 1,380,406, and 1,360,819 ton/yr, respectively, signifying a slight decrease from 2012 to 2014. NO x was the parameter contributing to the nitrogen budget to the greatest extent. The annual ratios of NO x emissions by vehicles, power plants, and businesses were 0.31, 0.31, and 0.30 in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. A change in government policy that prohibited the disposal of livestock manure and sewage sludge in the ocean from 2012 affected nitrogen budget profile. As a result, the ocean disposal ratio completely diminished, which differs from previous studies.


The decomposition of chemically activated sec‐butyl‐d8 and ‐d9 radicals, produced by H‐ and D‐atom addition to cis‐butene‐2‐d8, has been studied at 195° and 300°K over a range of pressures. These measurements, as well as internal comparison experiments with cis‐butene‐2‐d0, reveal a large normal secondary intermolecular kinetic‐isotope ratio which varies with the pressure and temperature, and whose minimum value is a factor of 4 and whose maximum value averages around 7. The absolute magnitude of the ratio, and its temperature, pressure, and energy dependence are in satisfactory agreement with the theory of these chemical‐activation systems; some aspects of this dependence are discussed. Evidence against a significant mechanistic isotope effect on the energetics is presented. Calculated isotope effects for all of the possible sec‐butyl radical systems, to be formed by H‐ and D‐atom addition to butene‐d0 and ‐d8 isomers, are given.


We report the influence of controlled lengths and densities of GaN rod arrays on the output power of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The morphology-controlled GaN rod arrays are fabricated via using ZnO rod arrays as a dry etching mask. Our investigation indicates that the output power of GaN LEDs has a strong dependence on the lengths and densities of GaN rod arrays. The variation of output power of GaN LEDs with GaN rod arrays is caused by the Fabry-Pérot resonance of the film composed by GaN rod arrays. The theoretical analysis also shows a good agreement with the measurement results.


A large number of valuable paintings in museum collections are thinly painted on delicate open-weave canvases and are sensitive to solvents ordinarily used in conservation treatments. Environmental stresses cause the paint layer to crack and flake. To save the paintings from disintegration they often must be reinforced by a lining and the paint layer must be readhered. Traditional lining adhesives (wax-resin or glue) may penetrate the paint layer and change its appearance.


The rise of sexual harassment against children prompted one of the Indonesian children's book writers to make a poster of " 6 Langkah Melindungi Dirimu Saat di Sekolah " and spread it freely through social media or e-mail. It turned out that some parents were interested in owning the poster and felt they needed the poster to provide education for their children. The author then conducted a mini-survey to 12 parents who already had the poster. The survey consists of five questions that try to find out the background of the parents having posters, the reason they print the poster, locations to place or post the printed posters, how they educated their children, and the function of the poster to educate the children. The survey showed that parents get the posters from Watiek Ideo, parents realized their importance to provide sex education early to their children, parents decided to put posters in their houses and at their children's schools so that more children would receive education through the posters, parents quite creative in educating their children through poster combine with song or other media, parents feel the poster help them much in providing sex education for their children. Keyword s : Poster, Sex Education, Children, Parent


This paper examines shifts in attitudes to mask-wearing during and in the aftermath of the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 2002–2003. In the PRC, as throughout East Asia, face masks were widely adopted as a practical preventative measure. However, the ubiquitous image of the masked Chinese citizen in both the Chinese and international media also acquired a political resonance. Masks were equated with the Party's attempts to censure dissent and 'cover up' the epidemic. A perceived lack of government transparency, at least in the initial phase of SARS, recalled earlier public health incidents and episodes of public dissension, notably the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Drawing on samples of qualitative data from a broad range of Chinese and English language sources, the paper shows how debates about mask-wearing in China during SARS became intertwined with political concerns, reflecting a tension between the Party's liberalizing policy – epitomized by the country's admission to membership of the World Trade Organization in December 2001 – and real anxieties about the consequential 'fall-out' of this new openness. The paper concludes by arguing for an approach to public health which incorporates a critical capacity, particularly in relation to the ways in which political contexts may determine responses to epidemic episodes.


This paper provides a representation theorem for procedural mixture spaces. Procedural mixture spaces are mixture spaces in which it is not necessarily true that a mixture of two identical elements yields the same element. Under the remaining standard assumptions of mixture spaces, the following representation theorem is proven; a rational, independent, and continuous preference relation over mixture spaces can be represented either by expected utility plus the Shannon entropy or by expected utility under probability distortions plus the Renyi entropy. The entropy components can be interpreted as the utility or disutility from resolving the mixture and therefore as a procedural as opposed to consequentialist value.


Different tools adopt different terms, metrics, and ways to identify and measure technical debt. We attempt to clarify the situation by comparing the features and popularity of technical debt measurement tools and analyzing the existing empirical evidence on their validity.


The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) has been using hydrogen masers for over six years as part of the USNO master clock. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has also been using maser references as part of the NRL clock testing facility since September 1985. The masers discussed include the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory VLG-11, VLG-12, and masers from the Sigma Tau Standards Corporation. The authors describe the operation of the masers at USNO and NRL, including stability, aging rates, and reliability.<<ETX>>


The Voices Should Be Heard community-based participatory research project provided a platform for individuals experiencing homelessness to share their life stories and experiences. Participants offered their reflections on the oppression of homelessness and how the service delivery system could be improved. This article synthesizes these reflections and offers recommendations for practice aimed at reducing the oppression of homelessness and promoting social change. Using a strengths-based perspective, we offer points of entry for working with individuals experiencing homelessness.


This paper describes a simple shock recorder that has been designed and built by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.


Associazione Bancaria Italiana. Archivi storici delle aziende di credit. 2 vols. Rome: The Author, 1956. Pp. xxiv+691+309+333 of illustrations. Baade, Fritz. Welterndlirungswirtschaft. Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, 1956. Pp. 174. DM 1.90. Balfour, Michael, and Mair, John. Four-Power Control in Germany and Austria, 1945-1946. London: Oxford University Press, 1956. Pp. xii+390. 48s. Barre, Raymond, Aconomie politique, Vol. II. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1956. Pp. 768. Fr. 1,660. Benham, Frederic. The Colombo Plan and Other Essays. New York: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1956. Pp. viii+89. $1.50. Billy, Jacques. La Politique 6conomique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1956. Pp. 128. Blumenthal, W. Michael. Codetermination in the German Steel Industry: A Report of Experience. ("Research Report Series," No. 94.) Princeton, N.J.: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1956. Pp. 114. $3.00. Buffum, Francis H. America at the Crossroads: A Challenge to Action. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1956. Pp. 123. $1.25. Chabert, Alexandre. Structure 6conomique et thgorie monttaire: Essai sur le comportement monitaire dans les pays sous-developpes. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1956. Pp. viii+270. Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. Henry Varnum, Poor: Business Editor, Analyst, and Reformer. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1956. Pp. 362. $6.50. Cheng, Yu-Kwei. Foreign Trade and Industrial Development of China: An Historical and Integrated Analysis through 1948. Washington, D.C.: University Press of Washington, D.C., 1956. Pp. xi+278. $7.00. Chlepner, B. S. Cent ans d'histoire sociale en belgique. Brussels: Institut de sociologie Solvay, 1956. Pp. 435. 250 Belgian francs. Clark, M. Gardner. The Economics of Soviet Steel. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1956. Pp. xiv+400. $7.50. Duff, Edward. The Social Thought of the World Council of Churches. New York: Association Press, 1956. xii+339. $7.50. Duncan, Otis D., and Reiss, Albert J., Jr. Social Characteristics of Urban and Rural Communities, 1950. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1956. Pp. xviii+421. $6.50. Ellis, Harry B. Heritage of the Desert: The Arabs and the MAiddle East. New York: Ronald Press, 1956. Pp. vii+311. $5.00. Fain, John Tyree. Ruskin and the Economists. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1956. Pp. 164. $4.00. Fine, Sidney. Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought, 1865-1901. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1956. Pp. x+468. $7.50. Foenander, Orwell De R. Developments in the Law Governing Workers Compensation in Victoria. Melbourne: Law Book Co. of Australasia Pty, Ltd., 1956. Pp. xvi+146. 35s. Fyot, J. L., and Calvez, J. Y. Politique 9conomique regional en Grande-Bretagne. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1956. Pp. xv+295. Ganguli, B. N. India's Economic Relations with the Far Eastern and Pacific Countries in the Present Century. Calcutta: Orient Longmans, 1956. Pp. 348. $3.50. (U.S. agent: Institute of Pacific Relations, New York.) Ghosh, Alak. New Horizons in Planning: A Study of Planning Techniques with Special Reference to India's First and Second Five Year Plans. Calcutta: World Press Private, Ltd., 1956. Pp. x+ 141. 1Os. 6d. Gibb, George S., and Knowlton, Evelyn H. History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey): The Resurgent Years 1911-1927. New York: Harper & Bros., 1956. Pp. xxix+754. $7.50. Grebler, L., Blank, D. M., and Winnick, L. Capital Formation in Residential Real Estate: Trends and Prospects. ("A Study by the National Bureau of Economic Research.") Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1956. Pp. xxx+519. $10.00. The Grievance Process: Proceedings of a Conference, March 23-24, 1956. East Lansing: Labor and Industrial Relations Center, Kellogg Center, Michigan State University, 1956. Pp. 106. Gruner, Erich. Die Wirtschaftsverbande in der Demokratie: Vom Wachstum der Wirtschaftsorganisationen im Schweizerischen Staat. Zurich: Eugen Rentsch, 1956. Pp. 131. 7 Swiss francs. Incentive Wage Systems: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. Princeton, N.J.: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1956. Pp. 20. $0.50. International African Institute, under the auspices of UNESCO. Social Implications of Industrialization and Urbanization in Africa South of the Sahara. Paris: UNESCO, 1956. Pp. 743. $9.00. Jennings, Sir Ivor. The Approach to Self-government. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1956. Pp. viii+ 204. $3.00. Joint Planning Center for Agriculture and Colonization and Economnic Advisory Staff. Israel Agricul-


This paper aims to establish some results of e‐ciency and duality for multitime control problems, thought as variational problems with isoperimetric constraints, mainly arising when we talk about resources. First, we introduce optimality conditions for a scalar multitime variational problem (SCP). Next, we study e‐ciency conditions and develop a duality theory for a vector multitime problem (VCP). In x1, we recall some notions, while in x2, we substantiate our starting point. In x3 we introduce our problem (SCP) and prove a result on necessary optimality conditions. In x4, we discuss e‐ciency conditions to our problem (VCP) and develop a dual program theory. Our work may be viewed as a natural continuation of some recent works (see [11], by S»tefan Mititelu; [22], by Constantin Udri»ste).


The purpose of this study to determine and analyze the influence of job stress and job satisfaction partially and simultaneously to the performance of employees of PT. Primatama Mulia Jaya IV Koto Kecamatan Kinali Kab. Pasaman Barat. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling method so that from the population is taken as many as 73 respondents, the data collection method used is by using survey or observation, questionnaire and literature study. Data analysis techniques used were classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, t test, F test and detemination coefficients. Based on multiple regression analysis, work stress variable and job satisfaction on employee performance in get Y = 18,776 + 0,510 X1 + 0,156 X2 + e. From the t test conducted got job stress and job satisfaction have a significant and positive effect on employee performance of PT. Primatama Mulia Jaya IV Koto Kecamatan Kinali Kab. Pasaman Barat From the results of F test proved that the variable of work stress and job satisfaction simultaneously have a significant and positive effect on the performance of employees of PT. Primatama Mulia Jaya IV Koto Kecamatan Kinali Kab. Pasaman Barat, while the result of coefficient of determination obtained ability of independent variable explain dependent variable equal to 36,9% rest 63,1% explained by other variable not used in this research.


Measurements of palaeomagnetic inclination in sediments from the French Pays Basque, representing three of the major Pleistocene biostratigraphic subdivisions previously identified, confirm normal polarity in all cases. Taken together with the palaeobotanical, stratigraphic and geomorphological evidence they suggest that the Moulignan, Senixian and Ilbarritzian stages lie within the early part of the present Brunhes normal polarity epoch and probably correlate with some unknown part of the "Cromerian Complex". The Bidartian is thought to lie within a normal polarity event during the Matuyama epoch and to correlate with part of the Tiglian 'A' sub-stage of the Netherlands.


The See of Peter presents in translation, three distinct sets of texts on the ascendancy of the Papacy within the Roman Catholic Church.


Because many of the recent dam sites in Japan are composed of soft rocks with low strength, the injection pressure should be carefully controlled when performing the Lugeon water test (LWT). Particularly, where the groundwater level is low, the minimum injection pressure for the LWT generated by pressure control at the ground surface is extremely high in deep parts of the foundation. Consequently, there is a possibility of overestimating the permeability because of fracturing of the rock mass surrounding the test section. Under these circumstances, injection pressure should be applied by adjusting the water level inside the borehole to begin the test at a low effective injection pressure.


On the basis of a family of two-component mixtures of distributions, a class K of symmetric non-Gaussian distributions with a zero kurtosis coefficient is defined, which is divided into two groups and five types. The dependence of the fourth-order cumulant on the weight coefficient of the mixture is studied, as a result of which the conditions are determined under which the kurtosis coefficient of the mixture is equal to zero. The use of a two-component mixture of Subbotin distributions for modeling single-vertex symmetric distributions with a zero kurtosis coefficient is justified. Examples of symmetric non-Gaussian distributions with zero kurtosis coefficient are given. The use of class K models gives a practical opportunity at the design stage to compare the effectiveness of the developed methods and systems for non-Gaussian signals with zero coefficients of asymmetry and kurtosis processing.


The paper offers an overview of contemporary insights in the research con cerning socalled empirical readers. The readers in question are those who are constructed using exclusively information gained from verifiable experiments, and which lead to the average reader, i. e. audience, via abstraction. Having in mind the extent of the research efforts and the bounds of the paper, it focuses on two of the most active directions of research at present: readers' motivation and reading mediation. The paper presents only those efforts which were made after the »Sokal Affair« shook up the humanities, and it designates it as the starting point of a renewed interest in verifiable readers. Moreover, it deals with the issue of transportation during the act of reading literary texts as the point of interest in which both motivation and mediation converge. As those key concepts found in both areas of research are intertwined in real readers' environment, with motivation influencing mediation and vice versa, the implications of such an interrelationship are also considered.


Women's swift incorporation into the labor market constitutes one of the most important research topics in light of the rapid social, economic and demographic changes undergone by Mexico over the past two decades. Among many other factors, various studies have argued the existence of a close link between this process of social change in women, and the economic crisis faced by many Mexican families during the long period of productive re-structuring. The basis of this argument is largely derived from the quantification of a phenomenon that was unusual in Mexico before the 1980s: the growing economic participation of women of an advanced age, those with low schooling attainment, women who are either married or living with their partner, and finally, of women with small children. In other words, of social groups that had traditionally shown very little propensity towards working outside the home. This article constitutes a conjunctural study whose central aim was to conduct an empirical assessment of the relationship between economic crisis and this new profile of female labor. To do this, the determinants of the supply of female urban labor during the first few months of the most recent economic crisis were studied and compared with the prevailing situation exactly one year earlier. Data from the National Urban Employment Survey show that the real income of workers, open unemployment and the employment rates of men in salaried jobs were the urban employment conditions most severely affected by the recession. The multivariate analyses conducted yielded three significant results. First, that the impact of the crisis on the economic participation of men and women varied significantly between the country's major urban centers. Second, that with the exception of women with the lowest schooling attainment, it is possible to establish the existence of a close link between higher employment among older women in a union who live in households where there are children under the age of seven, and a situation of economic crisis. Third, that several of these changes did not only take place in labor markets where female economic participation rose during the period, but also in those where it remained stable or fell.


Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a label that has become increasingly popular in recent years to describe a variable set of symptoms that have in common a difficulty listening to sounds in the absence of an audiometric deficit. The label has been applied to a variety of populations, notably children who may have learning problems, older people who may have sensitivity problems, and patients of all ages with frank brain lesions. This paper focuses on children without known lesions and attempts to develop a diagnostic framework, within the recent definitions of APD proposed by British and US audiological societies. Key to this approach is the notion that APD is primarily a difficulty in processing non-speech sounds. Existing diagnostic practice is too variable to underpin meaningful research, so a population-based approach to identifying outlying performers is advocated. An outstanding diagnostic challenge is the level of perceptual complexity, in terms of stimulus and task/test, at which the difficulty resides. While APD is commonly called 'C(entral)APD', it does not map simply onto the function of the traditional central auditory system. This is itself undergoing a transformation as we understand more about dynamic processing in the cochlea, the role of descending (efferent) pathways in cochlear and brain processing, and the role of forebrain structures outside the posterior temporal lobe in hearing and listening. The management of childhood APD has been mainly achieved through modifications to the acoustic environment and sound delivery to the ears, and through auditory and speech training. Recent advances in sensory learning research have led to recommendations that include the use of specific training stimuli (e.g. phonemes), adaptive training algorithms that keep the listener alert, on-task and challenged, and the deployment of motivating computer games that a child is happy to play over multiple training sessions.


The present study is focused on the in vitro study of the biphasic octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) system transformations in simulated body fluid (SBF) for possible applications as bone substitute materials. The aim of this paper is to outline the role of the additional component DCPD during a transformation/crystallization processes. Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy techniques were used for in situ monitoring of the processes taking place in the system in real time. Morphological investigations were performed applying the scanning electron microscopy technique. Several OCP-DCPD combinations were investigated: (1) 100% OCP; (2) 70% OCP-30% DCPD; (3) 100% DCPD. The obtained experimental results allowed us to conclude that when only OCP is present in SBF, the formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite takes place, whereas for the OCP—DCPD (30%) system in SBF, less kinetically favorable hydroxyapatite (HA) is formed. The additional component (DCPD) influences significantly the structural behavior of hydroxyapatite, acting as the HA crystallization inhibition agent. By means of this approach, allowing for the control of the HA crystallization, the calcium phosphate based biomaterials can be suitably modified for implant use in bone tissue engineering. The results obtained in this work provided some insights into the biomineralization mechanism.


In precision agriculture, effective monitoring of corn pest regions is crucial to developing early scientific prevention strategies and reducing yield losses. However, complex backgrounds and small objects in real farmland bring challenges to accurate detection. In this paper, we propose an improved model based on YOLOv4 that uses contextual information and attention mechanism. Firstly, a context priming module with simple architecture is designed, where effective features of different layers are fused as additional context features to augment pest region feature representation. Secondly, we propose a multi-scale mixed attention mechanism (MSMAM) with more focus on pest regions and reduction of noise interference. Finally, the mixed attention feature-fusion module (MAFF) with MSMAM as the kernel is applied to selectively fuse effective information from additional features of different scales and alleviate the inconsistencies in their fusion. Experimental results show that the improved model performs better in different growth cycles and backgrounds of corn, such as corn in vegetative 12th, the vegetative tasseling stage, and the overall dataset. Compared with the baseline model (YOLOv4), our model achieves better average precision (AP) by 6.23%, 6.08%, and 7.2%, respectively. In addition, several comparative experiments were conducted on datasets with different corn growth cycles and backgrounds, and the results verified the effectiveness and usability of the proposed method for such tasks, providing technical reference and theoretical research for the automatic identification and control of pests.


Abstract Roth's theorem on the consistency of the generalized Sylvester equation AX−YB=C is a special case of a rank minimization theorem.


This paper presents an automatic matched devices layout generation tool. An adapted form of genetic optimization is used to minimize the overall systematic mismatch due to oxide gradients and Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) effect. A new STI evaluation methodology is introduced based on simulation and foundry models. The tool is capable of generating a current mirror or capacitor array layout pattern with optimal systematic mismatch and STI mismatch.


Since the beginning of the 21st century, evaluability assessments have experienced a resurgence of interest. However, little is known about how evaluability assessments have been used to improve future evaluations. In this article, we identify characteristics, challenges, and opportunities of evaluability assessments based on a scoping review of case studies published since 2008 (n = 59). We find that evaluability assessments are increasingly used for program development and evaluation planning. Several challenges are identified: politics of evaluability; ambiguity between evaluability and evaluation, and limited considerations of gender equity and human rights. To ensure relevance, evaluability approaches must evolve in alignment with the fast-changing environment. Recommended efforts to revitalize evaluability assessment practice include the following: engaging stakeholders; clarifying what evaluability assessments entail; assessing program understandings, plausibility, and practicality; and considering cross-cutting themes. This review provides an evidence base of practical applications of evaluability assessments to support future evaluability studies and, by extension, future evaluations.


The question we deal with here, which was presented to us by Joe Auslander and Anima Nagar, is whether there is a nontrivial cascade (X,T) whose enveloping semigroup, as a dynamical system, is topologically weakly mixing (WM). After an introductory section recalling some definitions and classic results, we establish some necessary conditions for this to happen, and in the final section we show, using Ratner's theory, that the enveloping semigroup of the `time one map' of a classical horocycle flow is weakly mixing.


In this paper, a novel chroma extraction technique called Ti meDomain Chroma Extraction (TDCE) is introduced. In comparis on to many other known schemes, the calculation of a time-frequ ency representation is unnecessary since the TDCE is a pure sampl e-bysample technique. It mainly consists of a pitch tracking mod ule that is implemented with a phase-locked loop (PLL). A set of 24 bandpass filters over two octaves is designed with the F0 output of the pitch tracker to estimate a chroma vector. To verify th e performance of the TDCE, a simple chord recognition algorit hm is applied to the chroma output. The experimental results show t at this novel time-domain chroma extraction technique yields good results while requiring only minor complexity and thus, ena bles the extraction of musical features in real-time on low-cost DSP platforms.


An equilibrium population model is presented which involves very simple assumptions, namely that the mortality is density-dependent in the larval stages and constant for the adult. This formulation leads to a description of population levels in the presence of sterile males which predicts a threshold requirement for a sterile-male release program to be effective, as has been observed in practice, and indicates that this threshold phenomenon may hold for any populations which are density-controlled.


Drawing diagrams is one of the most important activities during software development processes. A multitude of sketch-based diagram tools were developed to enhance sketching with digital features. However, these applications are not as flexible as paper and often obstruct spontaneous sketching. To overcome these drawbacks we suggest the usage of digital pens and paper in conjunction with sketch-based UML diagram tools. This paper deals with work in progress concerning the seamless integration of paper-based and digital UML-sketching. Amongst others, this includes special UML sketch books and paper palettes used in combination with tabletops.


A large number of anonymous log files are collected from the online education platform, and it is of great educational significance to use efficient algorithms for mining student's characteristics and predicting student's performance. To the best of our knowledge, existing models lack attention to the long-term performance of students. The interpretability of the operating results is weak. In addition, these models simplify the tracking of student knowledge points and are essentially unable to capture the relationship between skills in multi-skill exercises. We propose a new model, NAKTM, which divides user features into long-term and short-term features, and uses both to comprehensively express student abilities. At the same time, it uses the skills involved in the exercises as much as possible to jointly represent the characteristics of the exercises. Finally, we use the bilinear matching scheme in the hidden space to calculate the similarity between the students' ability and the exercises, and finally directly predict the learner's performance at the exercise level at the next moment. The experiment shows that our model achieves good experimental results without special processing of datasets.


We present and analyze infrared spectra of the supergiant VR 5–7, in the Quintuplet cluster 30 pc from the Galactic center. Within the uncertainties, the [C/H], [N/H], and [O/H] abundances in this star are equal to those of α Ori, a star which exhibits mixing of CNO processed elements, but are distinct from the abundance patterns in IRS 7.


For years, the scientific and medical communities have pondered the role of triglycerides in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk. Although several studies have shown a relationship between elevated triglyceride levels and CVD, the degree to which triglycerides are independently associated and whether triglycerides directly cause CVD has been hotly debated.1 This is in contradistinction to the role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) where the direct relationship between LDL-c and CVD is clear.2 During the years, several pieces of evidence have suggested an independent association between elevated serum triglycerides and CVD; however, the firmness of this conclusion has been seen as tenuous.1 In fact, a recent large study (>300 000 participants) did not find triglycerides to be an independent risk factor for CAD when adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.3 Most likely, the confusion comes because it can be difficult to know whether the triglycerides themselves are the cause of the increased risk or merely a marker of increased risk. High triglycerides usually occur in conjunction with a host of other abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol obesity, and hypertension, thus it is difficult to disentangle which is the true causal factor.

Article, see p 100

In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, the article by Klempfner et al4 adds further support for a role of triglycerides in promoting mortality, likely via an increase in CVD mortality. The article "Elevated Triglyceride Level is Independently Associated With Increased All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Established Coronary Heart Disease: A 22-Year Follow-Up of the BIP Study and Registry" reported long-term mortality data on 15 355 patients who were screened for the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) trial. The BIP study was a randomized, placebo-controlled secondary prevention trial designed to …


Based on the binary product described by any Latin square, the Hadamard quasigroup product is introduced in this paper as a natural generalization of the classical Hadamard product of matrices. The successive iteration of this new product is endowed with a cyclic behaviour that enables one to define a pair of new isomorphism invariants of Latin squares. Of particular interest is the set of Latin squares for which this iteration preserves the Latin square property, which requires the existence of successive localized Latin transversals within the Latin square under consideration. In order to enumerate and classify, up to isomorphism, these Latin squares, we propose a computational algebraic geometry approach based on the computation of reduced Gröbner bases. To illustrate this point, we obtain the classification of the sought Latin squares, for order up to six, by using the open computer algebra system for polynomial computations Singular.


This article explores a refreshing interpretation of the "isought-pasage" in Hume's third book of the Treatise. Such interpretation heavily relies on ponderi...


Indoor air pollution problems, in fact, have been neglected due to the unawareness of its seriousness and the lack of accumulated data. Recently, some movement of research and regulations, however, have been made for several indoor air pollutants. In this study, one of the carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hyrocarbon, Benzo(a) pyrene in indoor airborne particulate, was measured and analyzed to estimate emission strength of BaP from an unvented kerosene heater and to know its level in indoor environment with use of a kerosene heater and a wood-burning fireplace. By the measurement of BaP level in a dark room with air exchange rate of app. 3.0, BaP emission strength of a kerosene heater (11,000Btu/hr) was estimated to be 326.6ng/hr (or 29.7 ng/$10^3$ Btu). With 4-hr operation a day of the kerosene heater in an apartment, the BaP level became 2.97ng/m$^3$ from 0.27ng/m$^3$ of background level. The operation of a wood-burning fireplace app. 2hr a day, on the other hand, increased the BaP level from 0.16ng/m$^3$ of background to 3.53ng/m$^3$. So proper ventilation must be considered seriously when unvented heating facilities are used in indoor environment.


Abstract.  Tian Q, Price ND, Hood L (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA). Systems cancer medicine: towards realization of predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine (Key Symposium). J Intern Med 2012; 271: 111–121.


Use of nanostructure networks selectively grown on pre-patterned substrates is the most promising hardware approach for future nanoelctronics where ultra-high density integration of nanodevices requires far more precise control of nanostructure shape, size and position than the levels obtainable in the so-called self-assembling of quantum dots. As for the system architecture approach, we have recently proposed a hexagonal binary decision diagram (BDD) quantum circuit architecture [1,2] where gate-controlled path switching devices on a directed graph control flow of a single or few electrons, and realizes a logic function. So far, feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by using etched nanowire networks prepared by EB lithography and etching [2]. However, future circuits require much denser networks of nanowires with smaller wire sizes. In this paper, attempts were made to grow selectively shape-, sizeand positioncontrolled high density GaAs nanowire networks on (111)B patterned substrates by MBE. Use of (111)B orientation is preferable due to the fact that the basic BDD node device, having one incoming branch and two outgoing branches, has a three-fold symmetry. As the template for the selective MBE growth, patterned substrates having stripe patterns and hexagonal patterns of <-1-12>-oriented mesas as shown in Fig. 1(a) were prepared by electron-beam lithography and wet chemical etching. Material supply is shown in Fig. 1(b) in terms of growth on a planar reference substrate put next to the patterned substrate. After the growth of a GaAs buffer layer, supply of AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs layers resulted in self-organized formation of an embedded quantum wire with a reduced width from the initial mesa top width, as shown in Fig.1(c). In order to clarify basic growth behavior on the (111)B patterned substrate, repeated growth of embedded QWRs was made. Figure 2 shows an example of a cross-sectional SEM image of the sample after repeated growth of GaAs/AlGaAs layers. GaAs layers were selectively formed on the top (111)B plane, and no growth took place on side facets. Similarly to the case of growth on (001) substrates[3], the lateral width of the wire was found to be determined by two facet boundary planes (FBP), each of which is the boundary between two grown regions on the neighboring facets, as shown in Fig.1(c). From the analysis of results of repeated growth, dependence of the boundary angle, , on the Al composition, x, in AlxGa1-xAs layers was determined as shown in Fig.3. As Al composition increased, the facet boundary angle increased, indicating reduction of growth selectivity most probably due to reduced migration length of Al atoms. On the basis of the basic growth data, we were able to control the trapezoidal shape, size and position of the QWR precisely by initial pattern sizes and growth conditions. As an extreme case, we attempted to grow a triangular shaped wire which is situated far away from the initial pattern. Figure 4 shows a successful result of such growth. This seems to Student paper


English and Chinese differ greatly in word order.When making sentences,English adopts an architectural style and uses many relatives while Chinese prefers chronicle style and verbs. To compare the two languages' word order is conducive to improving the quality of our translation.


In this paper we present a narrow-size muitiband inverted-F antenna (IFA), which can easily fit inside the housing of display units of ultra-slim laptops and slim latest mobile phones. This antenna presents its narrowness by extending its metallic parts over substrate. In this metallic parts or strips extend over the edges of substrate to achieve narrowness. This multiband antenna operates over WiFi and WiMAX ranges provides near omnidirectional coverage in horizontal plane. The simulation study of the proposed IFA was carried out using CST Microwave Studio. Result shows that the antenna provides the desired near omnidirectional coverage in horizontal plane covering all WiFi and WiMAX range.


In this study, pesticide residues in tomato products from Shahr-e-Rey farms were measured and investigated by QuEChERS modified method. This method was on the base of the sample preparation in few steps and high speed. Measurement of pesticide residues was carried out by gas chromatograph with electron capture detector. In this study, most of the pesticides showed a recovery in the range of 70% – 120%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for all pesticides were lower than 0.50 and 1.90 µg/kg respectively. chlorpyrifos was detected in studied samples at average concentration 3.22 µg/kg, which was lower than the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of national standard. Results showed that mentioned method is a very useful method for studying pesticides residues in tomato.


Mirco Ghini provides a meticulous analysis of the complex phonological system of the northern Italian dialect spoken in the town of Miogliola.1 The book is packed with information about the phonological system as a whole, not just isolated aspects of it, and a very intricate picture emerges. The theoretical framework used is a derivational, rule-based system that makes occasional use of markedness constraints. Key to his analyses are EXTRAMETRICALITY of a light rhyme (the rhyme is considered a constituent), CATALEXIS of a mora, UNDERSPECIFICATION of various features and RULE ORDERING. The presentation of the theoretical tools is thorough, and alternative analyses are discussed in detail. Ghini notes that there are many 'asymmetrical ' aspects of the Miogliola phonological system, and in this review I will outline three of the asymmetries he discusses: the asymmetry in the vowel inventory (long vowels outnumber short vowels) and in the behaviour of certain consonants (only 'ghost consonants' surface in a particular morphological environment, and only 'lengthening consonants' trigger lengthening of the preceding stressed vowel). The inventory of Miogliola sounds is typical of what is found in Romance languages, with a few surprises. One unique aspect of the inventory is that vowel length is phonemic: there are eight short vowel phonemes ('default vowels') and nine long vowel phonemes (which surface as long in stressed position only). Ghini attributes this asymmetry in the number of long vs. short vowels to feature specifications, and crucially to the underspecification of certain features. Long and short coronal vowels have a three-height contrast, long dorsal-labial vowels also have a three-height contrast, but short dorsal-labial vowels have only a two-height contrast. Among the short dorsal-labial vowels there is only one height feature ([LOW]), and among the long dorsal-labial vowels there are two height features ([LOW] and [HIGH]). This means that the same (dorsal-labial) vowel can have different height specifications depending on its length. For example, short [u] is unspecified for height, whereas long [u:] has a [HIGH] feature specification; and short [o] is [LOW], while long [o:] is unspecified for height. Underspecification (of place) is also crucial to his analysis of the 'ghost consonants' : /t d l ¶/.2 'Ghost consonants' surface in root-final position only if the


Nowadays breast cancer is one of the diseases most feared by women. As a result its high incidence and major impact in the women's self-esteem that's because may be several modifications in the female body. Knowing this, the objective of this study was to show the influence of makeup on the self-esteem of women who were or still are in the treatment of breast cancer. Therefore purported to detect at what level the women's self-esteem was after be detected with breast cancer; identify the degree of satisfaction of women after performing a makeup. This research was characterized by an exploratory bibliographical methodology with a qualitative and quantitative approach in the women of REFECCS (Rede Feminina de Combate ao Câncer de Sinop). A total of 07 women volunteers were submitted to make-up, with a formal consent all of them for use of their image use and authorization term. All the volunteers answered the questionnaire proposed for verification and analysis of the results. As resulting from the analyses 100% (n = 7) believe that makeup helps to value women's beauty regardless of which stage of treatment and 100% (n = 7) intend to do makeup more often because it has influenced self-esteem. In short the self-esteem of patients in breast cancer treatment is influenced by the makeup because they feeling beautiful and more confident after the makeup.


Many faculty have developed an arsenal of PowerPoint presentations for their classrooms through their years of teaching. Most of these PowerPoint presentations are designed for the class which can ...


This paper investigates the outage performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying system with decode-and-forward (DF) protocol, where multiple sources access the destination via UAV. By assuming that the destination is corrupted by multiple co-channel interferers, we first obtain the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expression. Then, based on the SNR expression, we derive the closed-form expression of the outage probability (OP) for the UAV relaying system, where both of the uplink and downlink channels undergo Nakagami-m fading while the interference channels experience Rayleigh fading. Finally, numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the performance analysis, and reveal the impacts of UAV antenna numbers and co-channel interferer on the system performance.


Fibrillins (FBNs) are plastidial proteins found in photosynthetic organisms, from cyanobacteria to higher plants. The function of most FBNs is largely unknown. We focused on the subgroup formed by FBN1a, −1b, and −;2, which has been proposed to be involved in the photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII), though their mechanism of action has not yet been characterized. We show that FBN2 interacts with FBN1a and with other FBN2 polypeptides, potentially forming a network around the plastoglobule surface. Both FBN2 and FBN1 interact with the allene oxide synthase, and the elimination of any of these FBNs results in a delay in jasmonate-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in response to a combination of moderate-high light and low temperature. FBN2 also interacts with other proteins involved in different metabolic processes. Mutants lacking FBN2 demonstrate less photoprotection of PSII, alterations that are not found in fbn1a-fbn1b mutants. We also show that FBN2 interacts with Acclimation of Photosynthesis to Environment 1 (APE1), and gene co-expression analysis suggests that both proteins are involved in the same metabolic process. The elimination of APE1 leads to lesions in PSII under abiotic stress similar to observations in fbn2 mutants, with lower maximum and effective quantum yield. However, a reduction in non-photochemical quenching is observed exclusively in fbn2 mutants, suggesting that other FBN2-interacting proteins are responsible for this alteration. We propose that FBN2 facilitates accurate positioning of different proteins involved in distinct metabolic processes, and its elimination leads to dysfunction in those proteins. One sentence summary Fibrillin 2 protects photosynthesis against abiotic stresses by facilitating the accurate positioning of different proteins involved in distinct processes, and its elimination leads to dysfunction in those proteins


Vortex lines have been analyzed relatively infrequently within the severe storms community, and when they have been shown, often they only are presented schematically within conceptual models (e.g., to illustrate the vorticity tilting process responsible for midlevel mesocyclogenesis). We recently have been looking at vortex lines in observed and simulated supercell thunderstorms. Is there anything that can be gleaned about the processes associated with the amplification of low-level rotation from examining vortex lines? In our oral presentation, we focus on the vortex line "arches" that emanate from the low-level mesocyclones of supercells (both tornadic and nontornadic). The oral presentation summarizes the idealized simulation and observational findings presented in recent articles by Straka et al. (2007) and Markowski et al. (2008). Also discussed in the oral presentation is the kinematic and probable dynamic similarity of the vortex line arches observed in supercells to those observed in larger-scale convective systems in conjunction with line-end vortices. Moreover, we present some speculations about why tornadogenesis is favored in supercell environments that have high relative humidity in the boundary layer and strong low-level shear. Given the time constraints, our oral presentation does include a discussion of the evolution of vortex lines that precedes the development of vortex line arches. The discussion is presented below instead.