A new electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) based on the electrooxidation at a molecular wire (MW) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), which was fabricated with diphenylacetylene (DPA) as the binder. A single well-defined irreversible oxidation peak of ATP appeared on MW-CPE with adsorption-controlled process and enhanced electrochemical response in a pH 3.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution, which was due to the presence of high conductive DPA in the electrode. The electrochemical parameters of ATP were calculated with the electron transfer coefficient (α) as 0.54, the electron transfer number (n) as 1.9, the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) as 2.67 × 10−5 s−1 and the surface coverage (ΓT) as 4.15 × 10−10 mol cm−2. Under the selected conditions the oxidation peak current was proportional to ATP concentration in the range from 1.0 × 10−7 mol L−1 to 2.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 with the detection limit as 1.28 × 10−8 mol L−1 (3σ) by sensitive differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method showed good selectivity without the interferences of coexisting substances and was successful applied to the ATP injection samples detection.


Probe measurements in the scrape-off layer of tokamak plasmas show that the ion saturation current signal is dominated by large amplitude bursts. Analysis of data time series from tokamak á configuration variable of unprecedented duration reveals that both burst amplitudes and waiting times are exponentially distributed. The average burst wave form has an exponential shape with a characteristic time that is independent of the burst amplitude. These results support a novel stochastic model, which suggests that the high particle density in the far scrape-off layer is due to the radial motion of uncorrelated blob-like structures. Predictions of the model describe the broad range of universality of plasma fluctuations in the boundary region of tokamak plasmas.


ObjectivesTo explore surgical technique and clinical efficacy in arthroscopic reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) by autologous triple-stranded semitendinous tendons (ST) and screws. MethodsSix cases with rupture of PCLs were diagnosed by clinical and arthroscopic examination. They were all males with an average age of 40.6 (19~63) yrs. Isometric reconstruction of PCLs was performed using an one-incision technique. The proximal end of the graft was fixed to a screw in the femur and its distal end to a screw in the tibia near the tunnel. Fixation with plaster splints was used for four weeks after operation.ResultsPatients were followed up averagely for 7.5 (3~20) months. Excellent or good results were observed in 5 cases. Their Lysholm knee scores were 17.67 ± 9.32 preoperatively and 80.5± 5.4 postoperatively (P0.01).ConclusionArthroscopic reconstruction of PCL by autologous triple-stranded ST may be one of the excellent methods bringing less injuries. It provides adequate tibial and femoral fixation, reliable operative outcome and satisfactory recovery of knee functions after operation.


Abstract : Direct investment, the whole or partial control of overseas by companies based in. one home country, constitutes an essential aspect of the pattern of international trade. This study analyzes the effects of two components of U.S. direct investment: internalization and location choice and how changes in these variables affect change in direct investment over time. It is hypothesized that once internalization is controlled for the effects of relative endowments on location choice will be observe The issues of internalization are assumed to be critical. Studies by Ethier (1986) and Helpman and Krugman (1985) and results of Kulchycky (1982) and Bowen (1983) have been used. Industry level data from surveys conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis were used. International business enterprises - United States Investments, American United States - Foreign economic relations.


The results of studies on the intensification of the process of sorption extraction of iridium with highly basic anion exchanger AMP from sulfate solutions has been done. The effect of oxidant on the parameters of sorption of iridium has been described. Dependence of extraction of iridium in the sorbent from the temperature of the process and flowing anionite has been established. The perspective of the method of anionite sorption of platinum metals with highly basic sorbent AMP has been proved.


A side effect of the evidence-based movement in medicine has been mounting pressure to make policy and management evidence-based. This book by Rosemary Stewart, a respected international teacher and researcher in management, is therefore timely. It is not an academic text in that it does not advance theory or provide a critical analysis of evidence-based management. It is a slim, easily digestible practical guide for health professionals and it is written in a clear, almost simple, accessible style with lots of lists and boxes to break up the text as well as examples to illustrate key points.


This paper examines the role of the media in portraying infrastructure projects in rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan. In development projects, media play an important role to develop any society. How Pakistani print media promote infrastructure development of the rural areas of Sindh through content and how print media tackling the developmental projects. For this purpose, two leading newspapers- Daily DAWN (English) and Daily EXPRESS (Urdu) were selected as sample. The study employed content analysis-a quantitative research methodology of news published in Daily Dawn and Daily Express during a period of three months i.e. from January 2017 to March 2017. The findings of the study depict that Daily Dawn gives more coverage/space to Physical Infrastructure Development of Rural Areas of Sindh but more space needs to be allocated to infrastructural development issues.


Abstract This article explores the possibilities for the development of autonomous learners within the confines of an institutional education setting. Student participation in setting curriculum, in collaborative learning, and self‐ and peer‐assessment are discussed as fundamental aspects of learner‐controlled learning. They are reviewed in the context of a university research methodology unit aimed at developing autonomous researchers/learners. Outcomes for the students taking the unit included increased motivation; excitement; confidence; in‐depth learning; an appreciation of new ways of learning; respect for their peers as co‐learners and experiences of self‐reflection and self‐assessment. The study indicates that if autonomous learning is to be encouraged in universities, staff need to develop new conceptions of teaching and learning and new skills, as they move from the role of knowledge expert to that of resource person and facilitator. Students need to develop new learning strategies, as they move ...


VC-co-VAc-OH material was used to prepare flat-sheet membranes on the non-woven fabrics via phase inversion method. And the membrane preparation conditions(polymer content, the content of additive, environmental temperature, relative humidity, evaporation time, coagulation temperature, coagulation time, immersing time of non-woven fabrics in solvent, and exposure time of non-woven fabrics in air)were discussed systemically by orthogonal method. Finally, the membrane prepared under the optimum condition showe higher pure water flux (287.9 ml•cm-2•h-1) and good retention of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (87.4 %).


Recovery should begin within six weeks. Combined with the speech function, the locomotor improvement may indicate a better or worse prognosis. Specific therapy for recovery of speech should be started as early as possible. This may in many cases involve using members of the family as therapists, if a professional therapist is not available. Generally speaking, recovery is hastened by stimulation in the visual, auditory and tactile fields. Constant stimulation to communicate, either in the family or beyond it, in social groups is necessary. This may entail considerable frustration to the patient, requiring control by drug therapy. Prognosis is generally good in the case of persons with expressive aphasia and poorer with those who have receptive and mixed types of aphasia. Speech problems can be treated. The onus for initiating treatment often falls on the family doctor. This assumes that he should have a working knowledge of speech problems and of the type of treatment indicated. The treatment may in some cases necessitate the services of other specialties in addition to, and in some cases instead of, those of the speech therapist. Detailed investigation is often necessary and treatment may be lengthy, but considerable assistance can be given to those handicapped in their speech, provided a sound diagnosis has been made. At present in Canada there is a shortage of qualffied personnel to treat persons with speech problems. In view of this, it is especially pressing that physicians and speech therapists have a good working rapport. Unfortunately many patients seek advice from non-qualified personnel. It is hoped that the family physician does not fall into this category.


Abstract : The index for Keeping the Edge attempts to guide both Department of Defense cultural resource managers and military historians in finding information quickly. To that end, the index is arranged both in a traditional single entry alphabetical ordering and by topical alpha-group headings. Subtopics further cluster information within the alpha-group headings, with subordinate alphabetical entries. All individual indexed items are cross-referenced to any key topical alpha-group heading.


In this article a comparison is undertaken of the examination performance of mathematics under-graduates with respect to the style of A-level taken. In particular, groups taking modular A-levels have been compared in several respects with those sitting the non-modular version. For the most recent year of entry the modular group performed better by and large, reversing the pattern of the previous two years' entries. Female students perform better in almost all respects.


A t the present moment, one in six adults living in England meets the diagnostic criteria for anxiety or depression. The significant and long-lasting intergenerational effects of maternal mental health in particular make perinatal wellbeing a public health priority. Every year, up to 15% of women are diagnosed with depression during pregnancy or within a year of giving birth. Perinatal depression affects women's quality of life, birth outcomes and children's emotional, cognitive, behavioural and social development. Suicide is the leading cause of maternal mortality within the United Kingdom (UK). Treatment and support needs to be made available to those who require it, but in order to do so, effective programs of assessment, particularly for those at risk of distress, must be in place. In the context of the UK's National Health Service (NHS), mental health screening in pregnancy is currently carried out verbally and using paper-based questionnaires completed in waiting rooms. However, it is estimated that at least 50% of perinatal depression cases go undiagnosed. Although 96% of midwives report asking women about their mental health during their first appointment, only one in ten women recall being asked. Mobile devices have the potential to facilitate the self-report and remote screening of wellbeing and depression throughout the antenatal period, extending care to under-served and at-risk groups, enabling timely assessment and intervention, gathering ecologically valid and longitudinal data, overcoming stigma, supporting disclosure, and fostering trust between women and midwives. However, we know little about the feasibility of employing mobile technologies for public health screening in practice, and significant design challenges currently impede their deployment. This thesis examines the design ofmobile applications for the self-report of psychological wellbeing in pregnancy. It asks how technology shapes the self-report of wellbeing, how users engage and are engaged in the honest disclosure of mental health concerns, how health professionals might act upon reports of psychological wellbeing, and how technologymight contribute to our evolving conception of wellbeing and its pursuit. Through collaboration with public health researchers, pregnant women and a variety of health professionals including midwives, this thesis seeks to establish a case for the feasibility


Reconfigurable systems have gained popularity in modern space computing in recent years. One of the important keys to the success of an FPGA-based reconfigurable system is the real-time task/process scheduling. In such an environment, processes that miss their respective deadlines are to be avoided or minimized. However, reconfiguration cost is another concern in reconfigurable systems. A fuzzy rule-based approach together with preemption decision models are proposed to deal with the scheduling and reconfiguration problem for an FPGA-based reconfigurable system. Key objectives are to minimize processes missing their deadline while minimizing the reconfiguration cost


The Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique is a method to measure surface pressure experimentally and to visualize the flow field quantitatively on a model surface. The significant advantage of PSP is a much higher spatial resolution of pressure field than that given by the discrete data available from pressure taps. In this paper, the PSP technique was applied to measure the pressure distributions of vehicle surfaces. More care should be taken to apply PSP technique for a real vehicle than for a scale model. The pressure distributions of two different hood shapes were compared and the reason for the difference of lift forces was discussed.


Based on the theory of TADIL Link 16 and some researches on its synchronization technologies,this paper discusses the various factors that affect synchronization performance. A new method of network synchronization mode is advanced,and a simulation analysis of network synchronization is performed pertinently in the exact situations. At last the feasibility and validity of this new synchronization method is validated.


It is proposed in this paper to reduce the excessive overshoot produced by the tuning of Ziegler-Nichols method by using a structure called composed structure and by weighting the three actions of the PID controller by three factors (F p , F i , F d ). These last factors are determined in function of system parameters so as to guarantee a specified overshoot in closed-loop. The usual parameters (K, T i , T d ). of the PID are fixed by the tuning of Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method, which provides a good rejection of the load disturbance.


The Cambridge Primary Review, the most comprehensive study of English primary education for forty years, is now becoming widely disseminated. This article describes ways in which schools can begin to take action immediately to implement the aims and principles offered for discussion by the Cambridge Primary Review. There is a call for the profession to become re energised and empowered through a collective endeavour to seek the best possible learning opportunities for all teachers and children through a demand for excellence in all areas of the curriculum. Children, their World, their Education (2010), the final report of the Cambridge Primary Review, devotes an entire chapter to discussing the necessity for debate about the aims of primary education. The Review sets out to examine a number of questions: What is primary education for? To what needs and purposes should it be chiefly directed over the coming decades? What core values and principles should it uphold and advance? Taking account of the country and the world in which our children are growing up, to what individual, social, cultural, economic and other circumstances and needs should it principally attend? (p. 174) Our school presented evidence to the Cambridge Primary Review that demonstrated how our aims for primary education have enabled us to adhere to the national curriculum, achieving high standards, while offering rich curriculum experiences. This article illustrates the way in which our school's vision for learning cuts across the debate between 'formal versus informal', 'child-centred versus adult-led', focussing instead on excellence achieved through equity, empowerment and expertise. The Wroxham School has achieved national recognition for a transformative approach to learning, where no child is labelled by ability. This


Michael Derosena and Noura Maalaoui planned meet with the USAID SO3 team to review progress and discuss RPM Plus program activities under the Presidential emergency plan. Michael Derosena extended his stay to work with the National Tuberculosis Program staff to monitor progress in TB control and management of TB drugs provided by the Global Drug Facility (GDF) to Haiti. Michael Derosena and Noura Maalaoui specifically met with the General Directorate of the MOH the UCC/HIV/AIDS office GHESKIO PROMESS CDC to undergo the scope of work delineated below. (excerpt)


Conceptually, hypertext ooers substantial beneets for visualization and navigation of large software systems, as follows: Hypertext systems allow users to create, evolve, and examine networks of interlinked textual and multimedia information HM94]. Similarly, software development may be viewed as creation (i.e., synthesis), evolution, and examination (i.e., analysis) of networks of interrelated artifacts. Consequently, software systems eeectively comprise large hypertexts and therefore may be visualized and navigated as such SZ92]. Also, as mentioned in ZO95], software development readily meets Shneiderman's three \golden rules" of hypertext Shn89], as follows: 1. A large body of information is organized into numerous fragments; 2. The fragments relate to each other; and 3. The user needs only a small fraction at any time. Due to their complexity, software systems are extremely diicult to understand and, subsequently , to create, evolve, and maintain. Hypertext may be instrumental in addressing the challenging problem of software understanding, since: It ooers a coherent conceptual metaphor of nodes and links that is applicable and relevant at all stages of the software lifecycle. Software systems are typically developed in distinct phases, by diierent teams of developers, and are delivered as collections of artifacts, including, among others, requirements speciica-tions, user manuals, design documents, source code and executable releases, and test cases and test results. Often, these artifact collections are at best loosely connected within themselves and to each other. Artifact relations are often poorly understood and rarely captured explicitly and accurately. Hypertext ooers the opportunity, perhaps for the rst time, to view and navigate both inter-as well as intra-artifact relationships in consistent fashion. Most hypertext systems are armed with additional visualization and navigation tools, such as maps and overview diagrams, history and backtracking capabilities, and even sh-eye and cluster views. When applied to software development, such tools are expected to further enhance its understanding. Despite the promising prospects above, successful application of hypertext to real-life software may still require signiicant eeorts, particularly for legacy systems not originally designed for hyper-text. In such cases, one must weigh the potential beneets of hypertext against the eeort required 1


Recently a transmit mode beamforming technique has been proposed for TDMA mobile communication systems based on direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in conjunction with blind channel estimation using spatial signatures of the user and the interferers. The advantage of this technique over conventional DOA estimation algorithms is that it increases the number of resolvable DOAs without increasing the number of array antennas at the base station. In this paper we apply this technique using the recently-proposed space-time hyperbolic channel model in a macrocell environment. Urban and shadowed urban propagation scenarios are considered.


This paper introduces the transplant environment of U-Boot on S3C44B0, expounds the starting principles and starting procedures of U-boot, and analyzes the operational process of U-Boot in stage 1 and stage 2.


Has been unexpectedly found that species can be produced using the yeast strain Pichia kluyveri low-alcohol or non-alcoholic beverage with at least 4% (by volume) with a very close-alcoholic beer flavor profile. In particular, Kluyveromyces yeast Pichia strain using only glucose in the wort, and has the ability to convert substrate into such a high concentration of specific flavor compounds, which usually is caused by a yeast for brewing beer yeast strains produced. In this way, according to the wort glucose levels, you can use Kluyveromyces yeast Pichia strains produce low-alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages. The main flavor compounds in Pichia kluyveri fermentation wort produced is isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl butyrate, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl caproate.


Condensate pump is an important auxiliary power plant equipment,power plant on the northern outskirts of Dezhou since been put into operation,condensation pumps in operation,there have been induced breakdown of the round,2A condensate pump less effort and other major equipment problems,analyzes the occurrence of condensation water pump problem and through the water 2A condensation reform,efforts to eliminate the shortage of equipment defects and improve the operation of condensation water security and economy.


Along with the automation technology's development,control system's structure has experienced a very big change.The industry monitoring software is an important part in the commercial run control system and undetakes more and more essential and dangerous work..This paper uses unification model language(UML) and the object-oriented design method,to design a set of high-pressure water pump station supervisory system software for an enterprise.This research and application are of a certain practical significance.System's application has realized enterprise's technological transformation,eliminated the hidden danger,and raised enterprise's overall automation level.


The molecular components, 2C14H10Br2·C14H10, are arranged in separate stacks in this ordered structure. There is no evidence of π–π intermolecular interaction. Diphenylethyne lies on a crystallographic inversion centre. The structure can be represented as centrosymmetric trimolecular units, held together by a C—H⋯ring interaction between a stilbene and each of the phenyl groups of the diphenylethyne (H⋯Cgring 2.66 A; Cgring indicates a ring centroid).


Binary optics can produce microlenses and lens arrays with theoretical diffraction efficiency as high as 95% for eight-phase level devices. Due to shadowing, mask misalignment, and etching errors that accumulate during fabrication, the actual diffraction efficiency can be reduced to less than 70%. Advances in mask design and e-beam writing have reduced mask misalignment errors to less than 0.2 micrometers but the major issue is the accuracy of the RIE process that is used to transfer a lithographic pattern into the substrate. RIE has two limitations for binary optic applications. First, it cannot be readily employed for the wide range of possible optical substrates of interest (Al2O3 for example), and second, since the pattern is etched directly into the substrate, there is no simple means to calibrate the etch depth during the process. Thin film deposition of the binary structure addresses both of these limitations. It is applicable to a wide range of materials, and accurate in process monitoring of the deposit permits precise control of the feature height. In this paper, we report on eight-phase level binary optic microlenses processed by deposition of SiO2 on fused silica and Al2O3 on sapphire using a projection lithography system. Photoresist processing was achieved by image reversal and lift-off technique. The microlens arrays (in a square format) were designed for (lambda) equals 0.632 micrometers with two microlens sizes of 120 micrometers X 120 micrometers and 240 micrometers X 240 micrometers having speeds of F/12 and F/6 (at the corners), respectively. Optical characterization has demonstrated that the microlens arrays are near diffraction limited and diffraction efficiency is in excess of 80%.


Tik Tok is one of the popular social media among teenagers, children and even adults because Tik Tok has many interesting features so that Tik Tok users take advantage of the Tik Tok application as a means of spreading Islamic da'wah. One of the elements of success in preaching is the media as a tool, one of which is the tik tok application. There is an interest in teenagers towards the @Basyasman tik tok account to listen to the contents of the da'wah message. This study aims to determine the relationship between listening behavior to @Basyasman's tik tok account and moral behavior to parents among teenagers in Padurenan Village Rw 5. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The population of 150 teenagers in Padurenan Village Rw 5, the sample calculation used the slovin formula and the results were 60 teenagers. The data analysis technique used correlation test. The results of this study are Ha is accepted because the correlation significance value is 0.00 < 0.05 and the R value is 0.456 > 0.05 so it can be said that there is a good relationship meaning that the more moral behavior towards parents in Padurenan Village Rw 5, the better. The limitation in the study lies in the number of teenagers who not only listen to @Basyasman's da'wah, but can do this by listening to online/offline. The results of this study are used as input for adolescents to improve morals to their parents in order to produce good behavior.
Keywords: Tik tok, Listening, Morals, Teenagers Village Padurenan Bogor


This study was designed for the first time to improve phenolic yield and antioxidant activity of ultrasonic-assisted extraction from Acer truncatum leaves (ATL) using response surface methodology, and phenolic composition in ATL extracted under the optimized condition were characterized by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Solvent and extraction time were selected based on preliminary experiments, and a four-factors-three-levels central composite design was conducted to optimize solvent concentration (X1), material-to-liquid ratio (X2), ultrasonic temperature (X3) and power (X4) for an optimal total phenol yield (Y1) and DPPH• antioxidant activity (Y2). The results showed that the optimal combination was ethanol: water (v:v) 66.21%, material-to-liquid ratio 1:15.31 g/mL, ultrasonic temperature 60 °C, power 267.30 W, and time 30 min with three extractions, giving a maximal total phenol yield of 7593.62 mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g d.w. and a maximal DPPH• antioxidant activity of 74241.61 μmol Trolox equivalent/100 g d.w.. Furthermore, 22 phenolics were first identified in ATL extract obtained under the optimized conditions, indicating that gallates, gallotannins, quercetin, myricetin and chlorogenic acid derivatives were the main phenolic composition in ATL. What's more, a gallotannins pathway existing in ATL from gallic acid to penta-O-galloyl-glucoside was interpreted. All these results provided practical information aiming at full utilization of phenolics in ATL, together with fundamental knowledge for further research.


Closed-form expressions for moments of order statistics from the normal, log-normal, gamma and beta distributions were provided in the statistics literature. In particular, the explicit expressions involve the Lauricella function of type A, and the generalized Kampé de Fériet function. We note that the expressions provided by the author do not appear correct, which implies that the expressions cannot be recommended to users. An alternative closed-form expression for moments of order statistics is then provided. We also consider numerical studies to show that the formulas we provide deliver satisfactory results.


This paper offers a framework for judging when the discrepancy embodied in current account forecasts is large. The first step in implementing this framework involves developing an econometric model explaining the components of the aggregate discrepancy, estimating the associated parameters, and generating the aggregate discrepancy's conditional expectation. The second step is to compare this model-based forecast with the discrepancy embodied in countries' current-account forecasts. If the gap in discrepancies is below a critical value, then the discrepancy embodied in the countries' current account forecasts is not large. Otherwise, the discrepancy is large and calls for a careful reexamination of the associated current account forecasts.


Food waste has caused double waste of resources in the food itself and the food supply chain of production, transportation, cooking, and processing, resulting in unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and economic losses. This paper first conducted the quantification of students' food waste and the collection of canteens operation data in the three canteens at Taiyuan University of Technology (China) in 2019 through the weighing method and interview. Then an integration of Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing was used to quantify the impact of food waste in university canteens on the environment and costs. The study found that the total amount of food waste in the university canteens with 22,000 students was 246.75 t/a, the carbon footprint caused by food waste was 539.28 t CO2-eq, and the cost was 4,729,900 yuan. Most of the impact of canteen meals on the environment comes from the use of energy in food cooking and the consumption of animal food types. The innovative integration of life cycle cost calculations highlights the key role of the labor required for cooking. The research results answer the basic scientific questions of how much food is wasted in the university canteens, and the carbon emissions and cost ratios of these wasted food in all links of the supply chain. The research results can provide a policy-making basis and data support for reducing food waste in universities and realizing carbon emission reduction in university canteens.


We provide a theoretical analysis of multitask promotion tournaments in which workers increase their promotion chances by under-performing (over-performing) on tasks that are de-emphasized (emphasized) in a promotion rule. In some settings the firm can mitigate such "strategic shirking" by committing to a promotion rule that requires more balance in the performances across job tasks than would be justified on productivity grounds. The model can explain "Putt's Law", which states that competent workers are sometimes passed over for promotion in favor of incompetent ones. (JEL J24, M53).


Under the concept of sustainable development, problems such as high resource consumption, serious environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation are the main factors restricting the sustainable development of economy. This paper aims to analyze the benefits of economic security and environmental protection from the perspective of sustainable development and scientific and technological ecological environment. This paper puts forward the construction of the indicator system for the coordinated development of eco-technology innovation and economic environment, and analyzes the experimental results of economic security and environmental benefits on this basis. The experimental results of this paper show that after the implementation of the eco-technology innovation management system (hereinafter referred to as IEIMS for convenience), the material utilization rate and unit cost are essentially stable, and the cost is significantly lower than before.


Administrative actions and acts are subject to judicial review which is a natural result of the rule of law principle. This judicial review regarding whether the administrative actions and acts are lawful or not is carried out by the administrative courts. Waiver is one of the legal procedures which conclude the cases brought before the administrative courts. Through waiver, the claimant completely or partially waives its claims in a dispute. Accordingly, waiver concludes the claim being waived definitely. The resolution of disputes in administrative justice is subject to the procedures set forth in the Code of Administrative Procedure. There is no regulation in respect of waiver in the mentioned law. Article 31 of the aforesaid law refers to the Code of Civil Procedure in regard to waiver and states that the provisions of the latter code regarding the waiver shall be applicable. Practices deviating from the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure regarding the waiver are emerged due to the inherent character of the administrative cases and public nature of the zoning plan/ amendment cases. In this study, the reason why waiver should be applied in administrative justice in a different way is explained with doctrine and jurisprudence.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AZD1940, a novel peripherally acting cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptor agonist, on capsaicin‐induced pain and hyperalgesia, as well as on biomarkers of cannabinoid central nervous system (CNS) effects. The present study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, four‐sequence, two‐period, cross‐over study in 44 male healthy volunteers aged 20–45 years. The effects of two single oral doses of AZD1940 (400 and 800 μg) were compared with placebo. Pain intensity after intradermal capsaicin injections in the forearm was assessed on a continuous visual analogue scale (VAS; 0–100 mm). Primary and secondary hyperalgesia induced by application of capsaicin cream on the calf were assessed by measuring heat pain thresholds and the area of mechanical allodynia, respectively. The CNS effects were assessed at baseline and up to 24 h after dosing using a visual analogue mood scales (VAMS) for feeling 'stimulated', 'high', 'anxious', 'sedated' or 'down'. AZD1940 did not significantly attenuate ongoing pain or primary or secondary hyperalgesia compared with placebo. Mild CNS effects for AZD1940were observed on the VAMS for 'high' and 'sedated'. Dose‐dependent mild‐to‐moderate CNS‐related and gastrointestinal adverse events were reported following treatment with AZD1940. No evidence of analgesic efficacy was found for a peripherally acting CB1/CB2 receptor agonist in the human capsaicin pain model. The emergence of mild dose‐dependent CNS effects suggests that the dose range predicted from preclinical data had been attained.


formation. Thus a completely new way of writing has evolved until today one can almost speak of "radio-literature." M. Cordier rightly quotes the wellknown expression of the French radiopioneer Paul Dermee "the power of the word" in connection with his appraisal of the social functions of radio. News out of a loudspeaker produces a psychological shock-impact which, especially in primitive societies, is out of all proportion to the printed word. Hence the role of radio in moments of national and international crisis; hence, also, the responsibility which thus accrues for the men and women whose task it is to impart information and knowledge to their fellow-men through broadcasting channels. Today, 50 nations broadcast every week programs totalling over 4,000 hours and destined for listeners abroad. Whether such broadcasts make for war or peace depends on whether radio is allowed to be used exclusively as a powerful instrument of aggressive statepolicy or as the potentially most universal and most accessible medium for peaceful communication. At one point the "radio-war" even was carried on in the purely technical field and, in fact, continues here and there. Faced with a comparatively limited radio-spectrum, especially in the high-frequency bands, certain nations tended to behave like pirates without regard to the legitimate needs of others. The result threatened to be total chaos in the so-called international wavelengths. However, voluntarily accepted discipline and common sharing of facilities gradually prevailed and at the Mexico City High Frequency Broadcasting Conference in 1948-49, the voice of Unesco was also heard speaking solely in the interest of mutual understanding among all. The 6J-nation Conference subsequently adopted a Unesco-inspired resolution pledging signatories not to use frequencies allotted to them "for purposes contrary to mutual understanding and tolerance." The author himself concludes his examination of the international aspects of broadcasting on a somewhat pessimistic note. Deploring the lack of genuine cultural and information exchanges, he speaks of "voices which ignore one another" in the ether. But he does not despair: if international cooperation in the technical field has proved inevitable, a better spirit also may gradually develop as regards the contents and tenor of the messages which crowd the ether in conflicting rivalry. The choice of the following words of the directorgeneral of Unesco as the motto, for the relevant chapter assumes thus special significance: We shall not cease to affirm that culture must not be the privilege of the few. As proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the masses of the people must have access to culture and to scientific progress ... Radio is unequalled as the most direct and practical means to establish the necessary cantact. PETER KENT Paris, France


FINANCIAL LITERATURE in recent years has contained an increasing number of articles expounding the characteristics of one or another mathematical model of common stock valuation.' Yet most indications are that the majority of practicing security analysts still estimate reasonableness of price for particular stocks by a process which is part comparison with other issues available at the same time (regardless of whether the .'other issues" are reasonably priced) and part sheer seat-of-the-pants Seldom does a potential investor hear from a security analyst a firm statement to the effect that, in that analyst's professional opinion, a particular stock offers a probable return, including appreciation, of such-and-such percent. If he does manage to obtain advice to the effect that a particular stock is a "good buy" at a particular price, he still has no clear idea as to the logic or assumptions underlying the recommendation. In fact, he probably doesn't even know what "good buy" (or its slightly more precise pseudonym, "selected for above average appreciation,") really means in terms of expected annual gain. Why the difficulty in blending current theoretical knowledge, which generally favors measuring investment gains by internal rates of return, with current practice? In part, the answer to this question lies in the difficulty of reducing mathematical models to an operational level. Consider problems confronting an eager young MBA, newly hired as a junior financial analyst and aglow with a scholarly understanding of the latest analytical tools for scientific valuation of common stocks: 1. He may, if he wishes, calculate for each stock assigned to him a proper value, using any of several similar mathematical models based upon obtaining the present value of expected future cash receipts. Unfortunately, the calculation time involved is formidable, and the young man will spend most of his time doing math rather than analysis. 2. Somewhat wiser, the young man may turn to a number of prepared tables published for the express purpose of permitting him to "plug in" his expectancy for a number of variables and read out the values. Normally these tables are expressed in terms of an initial one dollar of dividends or of earnings, so only a simple multiplication is necessary to arrive at a scientific value for the stock. The best and most comprehensive of these tables are those published by Soldofsky and Murphy.2 In their book, a large number of tables are available for various combinations of dividend growth from 3% to 12%, rates of return from 2% to 25%, and several combinations of growth patterns. In a recent Financial Analysts Journal article, Molodovsky, May, and Chottiner presented another collection of tables. In order to value earnings streams at 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9%, some 80 tables were presented for varying combinations of growth patterns. The table user must compromise his solution by limiting his expectancies to the number of variables provided for by the tables or by obtaining a fantastically large number of tables. Neither solution is extremely satisfactory. 3. A third alternative is to adopt a visual approach to scientific stock valuation. A nomograph developed by Ferguson, permits the analyst to combine expected growth rate with a standard price-earnings ratio and expected growth period.4 Given two of the variables, the implications for the third may be read from the nomograph. An entirely separate approach to the graphic expression of the variables frequently found in stock value tables was developed a few years ago by the present author.5 Although somewhat faster than tables in use, and having the added advantage of portraying visually the interrelationships among a greater number of variables, the graphs are nevertheless also limited in treating the interaction of all the combinations of variables which might occur.


Subtitle: The package service is looking beyond the United States, offering delivery to worldwide destinations as the global economy expands.


I discuss a number of problems that plague teaching assistants (TAs) in anthropology: personal problems due to the lack of anthropological experience; and in class, student-related problems such as uninterested and unprepared students, resistance to certain anthropological concepts, and ethnocentrism. I suggest that holism can be used to overcome many of these problems. TEACHING ASSISTANTS, INTRODUCTORY ANTHROPOLOGY, HOLISM


This paper gives an introduction to the status quo of Beijing's popular science work under the new situation. Combined with an analysis of the current situation of popularization of science,a new mode is constructed. The means of realizing the mode are also suggested. The study is supposed to serve as a useful reference for the issue addressed.


In the area of the internal combustion engine designing, it is important to control the airflow in engine cylinder and necessary to understand the airflow and combustion by measurements and numerical simulations in order to reduce the exhaust emissions and improve the efficiency. In this report, characteristics of the flow inside an engine cylinder model have been evaluated by a particle image velocimetry (PIV), a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) and a numerical simulation with PCC (Partial Cells in Cartesian coordinate) method. The PCC method was developed to reduce the input data preparation works by using Cartesian coordinate and partial cells for any geometry. However, applying the PCC method to analyze the turbulent motions of in-cylinder flow, it is necessary to verify the numerical results using the validated experimental data in the processes of calculation. Many researches were analyzed the flow in engine cylinder by using the LDA and PIV. The PIV is suitable to understand the spatial distributions of mean velocity and turbulence intensity and can measure the integral length scales from spatial correlation measurements. However, in general, PIV has less time resolution than LDA. This means there are many differences between PIV and LDA data in the quality. Then, it is important to clarify the differences in measurement techniques of PIV and LDA to analyze the turbulence motion experimentally. In this study, characteristics of the flow inside a model engine cylinder have been evaluated by experimental and numerical methods. Verifications of the results obtained by PCC method numerical simulations have been also made by the experimental results. Moreover, the integral length scales of turbulence are evaluated by both PIV and LDA. The integral length scales are directly calculated from spatial correlation coefficients in the PIV measurements. For the LDA measurements, length scale is estimated from the assumption of Taylor's hypothesis (Hinze, 1975; Tennekes et al., 1972). Then, the Taylor's hypothesis is evaluated by comparisons of integral length scale acquired by LDA and PIV. The model engine head, which has two intake valves and transparent cylinder with bore of 75mm and length of 100mm is used in the steady state flow condition. The tests are conducted by singleor dualvalve open conditions with 8mm valve lift under -1470 Pa suction gauge pressure. The comparisons between the PIV and the LDA experiments show almost the same tendencies for mean velocities in the whole experimental region qualitatively and also quantitatively. However, the PIV results for turbulence intensity have a little smaller strength than that of LDA. The differences in the valve open condition are clearly observed in the integral length and time scales that are estimated from the PIV and LDA data respectively. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 1, the integral length scales estimated by using Taylor's hypothesis are about one fourth of PIV results in the whole measuring regions where the relative turbulence intensities are in high level. It is shown that the PIV results are useful for verification of numerical results, which agree reasonably with those of experiments.


Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of antegrade percutaneous balloon dilation for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) associated with laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Methods Eighteen patients (10 males, 8 females) with UPJO after laparoscopic pyeloplasty were involved in this retrospectire study.All of the cases received antegrade percutaneous balloon dilation. Results All of the surgeries were successfully, with no severe bleeding and perinephric abscess occurred. Mean operation time was 75 minutes (range 40~110 minutes), mean bleeding volume was 50 ml (range 35~80 ml). All cases were followed up for 12 months. Twelve cases were cured, and 4 cases performed better while 2 cases developed re-stenosis. Treatment efficacy was around 88.9%. Conclusions Antegrade percutaneous balloon dilation could be considered as an safe, easier and effective minimally invasive therapy for UPJO after laparoscopic pyeloplasty.


A new monomer, 2,5-bis-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-4-methyl-4'-vinyldiphenyl sulphone, has been prepared. The standard oxidation potentials of two linear redox homopolymers, derived from this monomer and the one previously reported (I), and of their intermediate and model compounds, have been measured using continuous and discontinuous titration techniques. In Part I (I) we reviewed briefly the literature on redox monomers and polymers, especially those containing hydroquinone units. Since then further contributions in this field have been published. Cassidy and co-workers (2, 3) have investigated the properties and reactions of methylsubstituted hydroquinones and vinylhydroquinones in their search for redox polymers of improved stability. Manecke and Storck (4) have reported the synthesis of 1- and 2-vinylanthraquinones.


The gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire based devices have generated research interest in recent years for their potential in scaling beyond $10\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}$ as they offer excellent control over channel. Reduction in gate oxide thickness and low effective mass channel material for better drive current aid gate leakage which can put limit to further scaling. In this work, we study gate leakage problem for cylindrical nanowire (NW) GAA device and present a model to accurately compute lifetime of the quasi-bound-states (QBS) in inversion region of NW. We study scattering of cylindrical waves by solving Schrodinger equation with open boundary conditions using finite element method (FEM), and thereby calculate gate leakage current for the GAA device. We conduct survey of a broad range of device materials, investigate effect of device dimensions and stress on the gate tunneling leakage. We try to bring out the conditions at which direct tunneling current through the oxide is significant and can possibly exceed the maximum permissible gate current density.


Chronic pain is a significant health problem for university students. However, research on the impact of chronic pain on students is lacking, as well as the support they need to overcome the consequences of chronic pain. The goals of this research were to examine chronic pain in students of natural and social sciences at the University of Montenegro, to determine personal emotions, attitudes and expectations towards pain. Methods. Cross-sectional research was conducted among students from the first to the fifth year of the Faculty of Philosophy in Nikšić (Psychology, Teacher Education), the Faculty of Science and Mathematics in Podgorica (Mathematics, Physics and Physiotherapy) and the Control Group (outside the University). A total of 1,500 students and the control group completed online questionnaire, of which 990 participants met the conditions). Statistical differences between groups, female and male individuals were tested using the chi-square test and t-test.( p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant).Results. In the observed groups of students of natural and social sciences there are differences in experiencing and describing pain. Social science students showed passivity in dealing with chronic pain. They prefer to leave the decision on the method of treatment to the doctor, and a third of them just take pills. Conclusions. By applying the obtained questionnaire, we can be determined different attitudes of students of natural and social sciences towards chronic pain, therapeutic approaches, as well as expectations. Students of natural sciences had more education about pain, so the emotion, attitude and approach to solving the problem was simpler.


The paper highlights the alterations in the powers of the local self-management bodies caused by the changes in the legislation of the agricultural grounds turn.


This paper deals with the metaphors from the source domain 'Animal world' used by right-wing politicians and publicists at the beginning of the 20th century in the depiction of the Russian nation and ethnic minorities against the backdrop of the aggravation of the National question in the Russian Empire. Particular emphasis is placed upon pragmatic functions of animal metaphors. It is found that most animal metaphors are negative and serve as instruments to create the image of the Other. While marking the Other, nationalists form so-called 'our circle'. The non-Russian peoples are portrayed as small animals (metaphors of discredit) or predators (metaphors of aggression). Moreover, Russian nationalists point out that non-Russian peoples treat Russians as agricultural animals (metaphors of exploitation). There are few examples of positive animal metaphors which highlight harmony between the different peoples of the Russian Empire (metaphors of harmonization).


Microwave resonant sensors have been extensively employed in a wide range of applications. This sensor is generally used to infer a specific parameter of interest by means of its resonance frequency, and it is designed taking into account the boundary conditions of each application. After the implementation, a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is generally used to validate and compare the simulated and experimental results. VNAs are ex-pensive instruments, hence, low-cost alternatives, such as portable VNAs, can also be used, although these instruments generally run over limited applications. On the other hand, Software-Defined Radio (SDR) platforms have been used in several applications, beyond their common employment in communication systems. In this work is presented a detailed procedure to implement a LabVIEW application for the characterization of high-frequency resonant sensors using an SDR platform. The application was able to extract the magnitude and phase information from a resonant cavity sensor, demonstrating that it can also serve as a basis for the implementation of more sophisticated routines, with few modifications.


For achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the renewable energy and the battery energy storage will be developed more rapidly. The participation of the solar-wind-battery renewable energy system (SWBS) in black-start can improve the resilience of the power grid. Aiming at the balance between the capacity demand of SWBS participating in black-start and the benefit of SWBS, this paper proposes a positive-sum game-based SWBS capacity configuration planning method. First, a levelized cost of energy- (LCOE-) based full life cycle index is presented and constructs an economic benefit model of SWBS considering the participation of wind and solar power plants in carbon trading. Second, a black-start capacity demand model is constructed considering the continuous power demand on the auxiliary devices of the operated thermal power generator. Taking the economic benefit of SWBS and the black-start capacity requirement into account, this paper establishes a positive-sum game-based SWBS capacity optimal configuration model, in which maximizing the economic benefits of SWBS as an objective. Third, the simulation analysis is carried out by using a real power system, and results verify that the proposed method can achieve the optimal balance between the feasibility of black-start and the economic benefit of the SWBS.


We propose a pixel-level automatic calibration circuit scheme that initializes a capacitive fingerprint sensor LSI to eliminate the influence of the surface condition and environment, which is degraded by dirt during long-time use, process variation and ambient temperature. The sample chip is fabricated on standard CMOS process. The calibration is executed by optimizing the reference voltage in each pixel to make the sensor signals of all pixels the same. The calibration control circuit is composed of the sensing circuit and charge pumping circuit, and calibrates all pixels in a short time. 16-level gray scale fingerprint images can be captured to increase the accuracy of identification. This confirms that the scheme is effective for capturing consistent clear images during long-time use.


The processing conditions for producing and edible alginate film from sea tangle were investigated by measuring water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile properties and colors of film. The alginates were extracted with sodium carbonate () solution for 5 hrs, and the alginate films were prepared with extracted sodium alginates, D-gluconic acid lactone, and various plasticizers, As the concentration of alginate in making the film was increased, the WVP and elongation of the film were decreased and the tensile strength was increased. The higher amount of plasticizer showed the higher WVP and elongation, and the order of various plasticizers in increasing the WVP and elongation of the film was glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and sorbitol. The addition of sorbitol in the film showed the highest value (89.57) in lightness of Hunter color system and the film added polyethylene glycol had the highest values (-1,12 and 11.4) in redness and yellowness.


This paper presents reverse-mode algorithmic differentiation (AD) based on source code transformation, in particular of the Static Single Assignment (SSA) form used by modern compilers. The approach can support control flow, nesting, mutation, recursion, data structures, higher-order functions, and other language constructs, and the output is given to an existing compiler to produce highly efficient differentiated code. Our implementation is a new AD tool for the Julia language, called Zygote, which presents high-level dynamic semantics while transparently compiling adjoint code under the hood. We discuss the benefits of this approach to both the usability and performance of AD tools.


Alongside overtly artistic media such as paintings, sketches, novels, short stories, poems or feature films, wartime documentary photographs look decidedly minimalist by comparison. This chapter demonstrates in the photographs of Yamahata Yōsuke, a Japanese army photographer who was sent into Nagasaki the day after it was bombed with orders to document the condition of the city and its people. The limitations of his view notwithstanding, Roland Barthes basic insight that photographic connotation is no less significant than photographic denotationin spite of the documentary photos compelling power to focus our attention on the lattersuggests a point of departure for the analysis of Yamahata Yōsukes Nagasaki images . Keywords: documentary photographs; Nagasaki; Roland Barthes; Yamahata Yōsuke


According to a survey in Hengdao,Dongfeng County,Jilin Province,in which questionnaires are used to investigate 99 elder individuals and 7 aged widows/widowers interviewed for case studies,this paper analysed the population′s subsistence situation in a gender perspective.It is found that women in the group are poorer than men;the women have lower life adaptability while the men are less able to season with psychological challenges.Four suggestions are hence put forward so as to improve their living condition.


In recent years, utilization of medical stents is one of effective treatments for stenosis and occlusion occurring in a living body's lumen indispensable for maintenance of human life such as superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion. However, there are concerns about the occurrence of fatigue fractures caused by stress concentrations, neointimal hyperplasia and the like due to the shape structure and the manufacturing method in the conventional stents, and a stent having high strength and high flexibility is required. Therefore, in this research, applicable mesh structures for medical stents based on the design concepts of high strength, high flexibility are interested to solve various problem of conventional stent. According to the shape and dimensions of SFA occlusion therapy stent and indwelling delivery catheter, shape design of the meshed stent are performed using 3-dimensional CAD software Solid Works first. Then analytical examination on storage characteristics and compression characteristics of such mesh structure applied stent models were carried out through finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench. Meshed stent models with higher strength and higher flexibility with integral molding are investigated analytically. It was found that the storage characteristics and compression characteristics of meshed stent modles are highly dependent on the basic mesh shapes with same surface void ratio. Trade-off relationship between flexibility and storage characteristics is found exited, it is required to provide appropriate curvatures during basic mesh shape design.


In the present paper, numerical study of flow and heat transfer properties of RP-3 kerosene at supercritical conditions in an impingement model are conducted with SST k-? turbulence model and a 10-species surrogate of kerosene. The independence of grids is first studied and the numerical results are compared with experimental data for validation. Characteristics of flow and heat transfer of kerosene flow in the impingement model are studied with different inlet temperatures, different dimensionless open areas, and different separation distances. The heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses increase with decreasing dimensionless open areas. The separation distance H/d=2 gets the best heat transfer performance and the separation distance H/d=3 gets the best heat transfer uniformity on the target plate. Higher inlet temperature gets a higher heat transfer performance and heat transfer uniformity on the target plate.


In the 1860s, Henri Robin's theatre on the then-infamous Boulevard du Temple in Paris presented magic shows featuring ghostly visions from the beyond, and it also held one of the city's allegedly most complete cabinets of physics. On Robin's stage, the supernatural, the magical, and the scientific merged with one another to form a unique performance. Every evening at eight o'clock, the showman, or physicist as he preferred to call himself, entertained his audience with an act in which ghosts of the dead interacted with the living through a play of mirrors and optical illusions. This incredible performance was then followed by demonstrations of mechanical and electrical effects or shows on geology, archaeology, and various sorts of natural phenomena. Robin had a name for this type of entertainment: he called it scientific theatre. His establishment was not the only one in the capital at the time proposing magic shows that combined tricks and illusions with scientific learning. Since the 1840s, the renowned Theâtre-Robert-Houdin had featured shows of recreational physics and white magic where the public could witness a young boy levitating, spirits of the dead seemingly communicating with the audience, and basic physical experiments and chemical wonders, all in a single night. Some of the most accomplished magicians of the period had performed on its stage. Often calling themselves professors of amusing physics or professors of abstract sciences, these nineteenth-century conjurers continually shaped and reshaped the meanings of science and magic, stretching their boundaries to the needs of their presentations. By the second half of the nineteenth century, scientific learning and technological developments were being moulded and incorporated into the world of conjuring where they were given an aura of mystery and wonder for the amusement of the crowd. At the hands of the magicians, the popularization of science was entering the magic shows. Ambiguous boundaries between science and magic were not a novelty of the nineteenth-century magic shows. In his work on Parisian fairs a century earlier, the historian Robert Isherwood has argued that there was no clear distinction between science and magic in the popular mentality of the eighteenth century; that the crowds were equally fascinated by mechanical wizardry, magic lanterns, electrical healing, funambulism, fireworks, aerostatics, and phantasmagoria without much thought for what was white or black magic, technological developments, or tricks. Isherwood has successfully depicted the world of the eighteenth-century fairs and popular entertainment in all that it held of the mysterious and the marvellous for the public. Here, I suggest that this sense of wonder did not disappear in the following decades; that,


Consumption of fresh fruits is increasing as consumers become more aware of their nutritional value and role in disease prevention. Improving the flavour properties of fresh fruit reaching the consumer would add value, increase consumption, and create new markets for these commodities. One of the important characteristics of fruit ripening is volatile aroma production. Using apples (Malus domestica), strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) and melons (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud; C. melo L. inodorus; C. melo L. cantalupensis) fruit as examples, this review focuses on recent developments in fruit aroma research. Both sensory studies and instrumental analysis confirm the importance of volatile production in fruit and its contribution to eating quality. Sensory analysis should further define the contribution of individual volatile compounds to total flavour quality. Volatile biosynthesis and its contribution to fruit eating quality is very complex, and is influenced by many factors, such as genome, ...


Two polymer solution models have been used to analyze poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) + alkane and PDMS + ketone systems. The free-volume and nonrandom interaction contributions are studied separately in order to compare the expressions for the local site fractions used in the two models. Predictions of the reduced residual chemical potential and excess volumes are discussed and compared with those found in the literature for these systems.


This paper reports the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water around the Island and their probable sources. Water samples were collected from four jetties and three marine fish farms around the main Langkawi Island and analysed for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in December 2010. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 6.1 ± 0.43 to 46 ± 0.42 μgL−1, which exceed the maximum admissible concentrations of PAHs (0.20 μgL−1) for the water standard of European Union. The calculated diagnostic benzo[a]anthracene : benzo[a]anthracene


A novel poly (ether ether ketone) derived from 4,4'-diflourodiphenylketone, bisphenol-S and 2-(6-oxide-6H-dibenz c,e 1,2 oxa phosphorin-6-yl) -1,4-dihydroxy-phenylene was synthesized by solution polycondensation. The influences of choose of solvent, reaction time, and concent ration of reactants on the polymerizationwere was investigated. A copolymer with inherent viscosity of 1.04 was obtained, and the structure and property of the product was characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis and DSC, the DSC analysis show its Tg was 194. 88 ℃ which is higher than normal poly (ether ether ketone).


We consider the microscopic derivation of the linearized hydrodynamic equations for an arbitrary simple fluid. Our discussion is based on the concept of hydrodynamical modes, and use is made of the ideas and methods of the theory of subdynamics. We also show that this analysis leads to the Gibbs relation for the entropy of the system.


idea of designating a year to celebrating and promoting Irish design emerged from the Global Irish Economic Forum in 2013. The Government backed this proposal, supporting a comprehensive programme of national and international events and activities throughout 2015. The aims of Irish Design 2015 (ID2015) are to promote Ireland's dynamic design sector, make Irish businesses more competitive in foreign markets and create jobs at home. ID2015 is being convened by the Design & Crafts Council of Ireland (DCCoI), in collaboration with partner organisations, on behalf of the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Enterprise Ireland. Alex Milton / Programme Director for Irish Design 2015


The exact solution to the equation governing the flow of a Bingham fluid along the cylindrical pipeline may be expressed as the solution of the simplified equation modified by so-called correction term Ɛ. The formula E = 1 - Ɛ defines a sigmoid function in the yield number Y. In the paper there are presented the approximations to E by a generalized logistic function, by parametrical Bezier representations and by splines. Obtained formulas are examined, also from the point of engineer's view and it is concluded that a spline fit is the best one discussed.


We report on the first authigenic siderite (FeCO3) concretions recovered from near‐bottom sediments at gas hydrate‐bearing mud volcanoes in fresh water (Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia). The carbonates appear as firm 'plate‐type' formations at the Malenky mud volcano (Southern Baikal Basin) and as soft nodules at the K‐2 mud volcano (Central Baikal Basin). Calcium is the main divalent component which substitutes iron in the carbonate lattice (7 to 20 mol%). The δ13C values of the carbonates (+3.3 to +6.8‰ at Malenky, and +16.5 to +21.9‰ PDB at K‐2) indicate that their formation is due to methanogenesis. The latter was most likely caused by the microbial methyl‐type (acetate) fermentation that is suggested from the isotopic composition of the accompanying methane hydrates and dissolved methane. General depletion of the siderites in 18O (−11.6 to −9.9 ‰ at Malenky, and −13.9 to −12.3‰ PDB at K‐2) is mainly inherited from the isotope composition of pore water (−15.2 to −15.4‰ SMOW) at ambient temperature (3.5°C).


ABSTRACT Nugra-Salman prison castle is a vivid reminder of the Kurdish genocide at the hands of the Iraqi regime under Saddam Hussein. It was used as a temporary detention centre for several thousand Kurds before many of them were executed or buried alive in the deserts of Iraq. The castle is still standing despite damage to its inner and outer walls. It is a reminder of the cruelty and savagery of the former Iraqi regime toward the Kurdish people. It should be turned into a site of dark tourism.


With the continuous improvement of coal mining technology in China, people have to face the problem that how to improve the production and efficiency of mining. The strategic concept of "Protecting the mine which should be protected, extracting the mine which should be extracted" is put forward. With the guidance of this strategic concept, technology development and technology innovation are carried out for the mining technology of raw coal by the various of large coal mines in China. The technology of crossing hole of floor roadway is developed. This technology has good effect on the coal gas drainage in the process of coal roadway drivage, and it ensure the stable yield high yield and safety production of the mine.


To research the latest progress of study method about Mongolian drug in treating myocardial ischemia.Mongolian drug has certain curative effect and broad prospect in treating myocardial ischemia.


Designing transmission systems often requires to account for possible fast variations of environment propagation properties. In particular, for acoustic underwater communications, the channel is often highly frequency selective and highly non-stationary. In addition, the relative movement between the transmitter and the receiver generates Doppler Effect and underwater acoustic communication is challenging due to possibly large Doppler range. Doppler results in an expansion-compression of the transmitted signal in the time domain. At the receiver side, it is suitable to compensate its effect before any further processing, such as frame synchronization, equalization. On another hand, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very attractive multi-carrier modulation to mitigate inter-symbol interference (ISI). But one main difficulty is to synchronize the OFDM symbol. The purpose of this paper is to present new techniques for Doppler shift estimation, OFDM symbol synchronization and channel estimation with the help of a dual training sequence.


The article discusses the features of the implementation of state policy in the field of labor and social protection in foreign countries, the mechanisms of its implementation, as well as methods and tools. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role of social protection of citizens, the emergence of new state-legal institutions designed to strengthen the social function of the state, as well as the subjective dissatisfaction of a significant part of the population with the degree of practical feasibility of the normatively fixed social guarantees.


IN normal times electrical protection through the use of protective signaling systems has been used widely to protect industrial and mercantile premises and banks, but with the advent of the war, a host of protection engineers have been making serious studies relative to plant protection. As used herein, the term protective signaling is confined to the control of property and life hazards involved in fire, intrusion, and related risks. The functional technique of such protective devices does not differ greatly from that employed in the code signaling and communication field, but because they are emergency systems, infrequently used, their reliability must be exceptionally high. Protective signaling systems,1 however, are definitely not in the communication field, as the only use of communication facilities in these services is for signaling between the protected premises and the central receiving headquarters.


Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) are a popular cognitive model of syntax (Jurafsky, 1996). These can be formulated to be sensitive to human working memory constraints by application of a right-corner transform (Schuler, 2009). One side-effect of the transform is that it guarantees at most a single expansion (push) and at most a single reduction (pop) during a syntactic parse. The primary finding of this paper is that this property of right-corner parsing can be exploited to obtain a dramatic reduction in the number of random variables in a probabilistic sequence model parser. This yields a simpler structure that more closely resembles existing simple recurrent network models of sentence comprehension.


Lockheed Martin and the University of Central Florida (UCF) are jointly investigating the use of a network of COTS video cameras and computers for a variety of security and surveillance operations. The detection and tracking of humans as well as vehicles is of interest. The three main novel aspects of the work presented in this paper are (1) the integration of automatic target detection and recognition techniques with tracking (2) the handover and seamless tracking of objects across a network, and (3) the development of real-time communication and messaging protocols using COTS networking components. The approach leverages the previously developed KNIGHT human detection and tracking system developed at UCF, and Lockheed Martin's automatic target detection and recognition (ATD/R) algorithms. The work presented in this paper builds on these capabilities for surveillance using stationary sensors, with the goal of subsequently addressing the problem of moving platforms.


Abstract This article describes an oral history immersion trip and service learning project in the Monterey Bay region of Central California designed to develop the ecoliteracy of high school students and involve them in community building. Through their oral history interviews, students learned that the seafood industry faces numerous challenges to sustainability and through their advocacy project they sought to heighten consumer awareness toward the goal of a sustainable fishing industry in the region. Along with developing ecoliteracy, the project achieved many core outcomes, including critical thinking skills, compassion, interdisciplinary communication, and community building.


Political communication studies have long described political actors, media, and citizens as distinct actor groups. Various strands of research, however, have shown that there are many reasons to conceptualize media as political actors as well. Particularly in media systems that are shaped by political parallelism, media operate under a high degree of partisanship and pursue open political objectives. Moreover, in the course of a mediatization of political communication, they are increasingly imposing their conditions and rules on political actors who are forced to rely on media to obtain electoral success. Recent debates about the relationship between media, democracy, and participation have emphasized the media's potential as an instrument for civil mobilization and empowerment. However, many of the current shifts in political communication, mainly resulting from advancing commercialization and digitization, are still largely unexplored.

Keywords:

mass media;
new media;
news reporting;
political communication;
public participation


CONTINUING DEMANDS for high-speed, low-power and highdensity EPROMs are being created by the evolution of high performance computer systems. This paper will describe an asynchronous lMb CMOS EPROM with both word and byte operation modes'. An Address Transition Detector (.4TD), MidWord-Line Buffer (MWLB) and sensing are utilized to realize an 80ns access time. Programming of 2Ops/word has been realized by introducing selective DSA (Diffused Self-Align) structure into the memory cell transistor. The CMOS circuit and automatic power down function result in 50mW operating power and subPW standby power.


The yellowcheek wrasse Halichoeres cyanocephalus (Bloch) is registered by the first time for the Colombian Caribbean. In spite of extensive diving in most reef areas of Colombia since 1980, H. cyanocephalus was observed only in four occasions at the Tayrona Natural Park, the Uraba area, and San Andres island. The fish is known to occur in deep waters but in Colombia it was found only in shallow (7-15 m in depth) reef environments. Eight species of the genus Halichoeres are now known from the Colombian Caribbean


Objective To detect lumbar isthmus bone microstructure and to explore the change tendency among them through Micro CT and its post-bone analysis processing function.Methods The L1-L5lumbar isthmus on both sides of 30adult specimens,total 300dry lumbar isthmus,were scanned to detect the isthmus bone microstructure parameters,and to analyze and compare the microstructure differences among L1-L5isthmus bones. Results The bone mineral density(BMD)of L5lumbar isthmus was the lowest,followed by that of L2lumbar isthmus.The BMD of L4lumbar isthmus was the highest.The BV/TV of L2and L5lumbar isthmus were low,but that of L4lumbar isthmus was high.The Tb.Th of L2and L5lumbar isthmus were low,and that of L4lumbar isthmus was the highest.The Tb.Sp of L5lumbar isthmus was the highest,and those of L1and L4lumbar isthmus were low.Conclusion The isthmic bones of L2and L4lumbar isthmus bone are dense,while their trabecular bones are thicker;the isthmic bones of L1and L5lumbar isthmus bone are sparse,while their trabecular bones are fine;the bone microstructure parameters of L3lumbar isthmus are on the average values.


Through a focus on the Zen sex scandals, this chapter redirects attention to practice communities to provide a more nuanced consideration of intersections between American Buddhism and psychotherapy. The scandals provide a useful focus for a number of reasons. First, they reveal under what particular conditions psychotherapy has been incorporated into certain Zen communities. Second, they show which psychotherapeutic discourses have become dominant and the specific ways they have been adopted. Third, they illustrate how the introduction of psychotherapy has been legitimated within a wider Buddhist hermeneutic, which has produced new Buddhist discourses, practices, authorities, organizational structures, and even soteriological models.


Introduction: Stochastic Analysis and Stochastic Dynamics A Glimpse of Stochastic Dynamical Systems Progress in White Noise Analysis Dynamical Systems Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion Dynamical Systems Driven by Non-Gaussian Noise Stochastic Dynamical Systems with Memory Simulation of Stochastic Dynamical Systems.


Introduction: Patients with medicine-resistant epilepsy undergo invasive brain mapping and craniotomy to identify a surgical focus compatible with surgery. This requires placement of cortical/depth electrodes and then a direct trans-scalp connection to an external computer being monitored during an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) admission, which costs up to $238,000 per stay. Thus, given the recent advances in wireless technology and customized cranial implants, our team sought to create, design, and build the world's first low-profile intercranial device (LID) capable of providing all necessary data via remote brain mapping, recording, and telemetry (MRT).


As the J-PARC user is scheduled start discussed in the J-PARC team in of access fee, of output, intellectual property etc. This paper reports the general concept of the J-PARC user program system.


Abstract This article documents an instance where the Australian Department of Defence investigated widespread misconduct in one of the Army's units, took limited action to address it, and made sure information pertaining to the unit investigated would not be made public. The incidents took place between 1919 and 1921, and the unit under investigation was the Australian Graves Services, a non-combatant unit in charge of Australian soldiers' war graves overseas. This article argues that the Department of Defence's silencing of an undesirable public controversy pertaining to Australian War Graves highlights a discrepancy that existed between both public perception and political rhetoric on how the dead ought to be handled, and the reality of disarray and carelessness in on-site grave work. It shows that the Department of Defence went to great lengths to make sure that the dysfunctionality of the Australian Graves Services did not become public, as mismanagement of Australian corpses and graves would undeniably have led to a national outcry.


Various kinds of 5'-O-unsaturated acyl 5-fluorouridines were synthesized to obtain 5-fluorouridine derivatives with low toxicity and high antitumor activity. Antitumor activity of the compounds against L-1210 leukemia in mice was examined, and the 5'-O-4-pentenoyl derivative showed the highest antitumor activity.


A new study, conducted by Professor Douglas Ready at Teachers College, Columbia University measures the degree of segregation found within and between our school districts. Since school district boundaries mimic housing patterns, it is well known that Long Island's schools are highly segregated. But using a statistical tool known as Theil's H, an entropy index of segregation, the study indicates the extent to which racial and ethnic groups are (or are not) equally distributed across schools 1 and enables comparisons with the nation as a whole.


Building in order to save energy saving is important. But measures must be taken to conserve energy in the larger scale. Plan for the development source power generation forecasting, urban planning (large scale) is required. To use the sun as an energy source, Photovoltaic is very difficult to predict the generation of a lot of variation, depending on the weather conditions. Generation and actual generation to generation forecast and predict on the basis of solar radiation on inclined surface of this study, were compared to validate the prediction equation.And to analyze the impact of changes in the position of the sun.


DOI:10.1097/SPC.0000000000000215 This year marks the 10th anniversary for our journal, Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care. For this occasion, I am taking the opportunity to reflect upon how the field has progressed over this time focusing particular attention on managing gastrointestinal symptoms. This decade has provided major advances in cancer treatment highlighted by wider application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the introduction of new classes of therapies that harness the power of the body's own immune system to attack cancer. In addition, genomics and novel biomarkers are now routinely used in the clinic to select which patients are most likely to respond to specific therapeutic regimens. Despite these advances, off-target gastrointestinal toxicities remain a pervasive challenge. For these reasons, attention to advances in symptomatic supportive and palliative care remain a strategic priority for improving the quality of life for patients affected by serious and life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Over the past 10 years, the journal has addressed this challenge, typically publishing five to seven outstanding reviews on these topics per year. Notably, in its first year, there was a heavy focus on mucositis related to cytotoxic therapies, including radiation and alkaloid-based chemotherapies [1–5]. Subsequent issues focused on understanding the management of both the shortand long-term gastrointestinal side-effects and consequences of chemotherapy and radiation therapy [6–13]. Important insight has also been provided on weight loss as well as nutrition support options for patients in need of supportive and palliative care [14–16]. Investigators and clinicians have also shared their valuable knowledge on novel approaches to understanding therapy-related intestinal toxicities, including symptom clustering [17], physiologic approaches [18], pathophysiologic mechanisms [19–22], new measurement tools/approaches [23–27], and understanding of therapy-specific toxicities [28,29].


Absolute reflectivity reductions are presented for spectrophotometric observations of seven spatially-resolved regions on the disk of Saturn in the 3000-6000 A region. An asymmetry is found between northern and southern hemisphere data, in the equivalent width of the CH4, 5430-A band and in the continuum reflectivity. In addition, the spectra are found not to include the 4700 A reflectivity peak found by Bergstralh et al (1981), and to exhibit general agreement with the Podolack and Danielson (1977) model. The blue and visual spectral region continuum reflectivity of a planetary atmosphere provides constraints for determining aerosol particle single-scattering albedo and vertical distribution, which are in turn important to an understanding of planetary energy balance, atmospheric dynamics, and planetary molecular absorption spectrum interpretation.


This issue includes research suggesting that the phenomenon of a 'reverse epidemiology' (i.e. reversal of the adverse impact of traditional CV risk factors) in HF could be the result of selection bias in less advanced disease. There is also a review on the relationship between the obesity paradox and cardiorespiratory fitness in HF. A meta-analysis on exercise training in HFPEF found improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and QOL without significant changes in left ventricular systolic or diastolic function. Still on the subject of exercise, the issue concludes with a report from the NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) Working Group addressing eight knowledge gaps in exercise training therapy for HF.


A pest control agent comprising a condensed ring pyrimidine compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. In the following general formula (I), A is a nitrogen atom, or C—R4, B is a nitrogen atom, or C—R5, D is a nitrogen atom, or C—R6, X is an oxygen atom, N—R7, etc. R1, R2, R4, and R6 each represent a hydrogen atom, R3a and R3b each represent a hydrogen atom, R5 represents an alkylthio group, R7 represents an alkoxy group, and Ht represents an optionally substituted pyridyl group.


General editors' preface. Notes on contributors Chronology. Introduction C.C.W. Taylor 1. The polis and its culture Robin Osborne 2. The Ionians Malcolm Schofield 3. Heraclitus Catherine Osborne 4. Pythagoreans and Eleatics Edward Hussey 5. Empedocles M.R. Wright 6. Anaxagoras and the Atomists C.C.W. Taylor 7. The Sophists G.B. Kerferd 8. Greek arithmetic, geometry, and harmonics: Thales to Plato Ian Mueller 9. Socrates and the beginnings of moral philosophy Hugh H. Benson 10. Plato: metaphysics and epistemology Robert Heinaman 11. Plato: ethics and politics A.W. Price 12. Plato: aesthetics and psychology Christopher Rowe Index locorum. Index of names Index of subjects. Glossary.


The addition of Extended Scope Practitioner (ESP) clinics was proposed to review new Foot and Ankle referrals, to reduce time consultants spend in clinic and free them up for theatre. There would be a cost benefit to the Primary Care Trusts (PCT), a clinic appointment with the consultants cost9s around £140 and ESPs around £70. We prospectively collected data from the ESP clinics for two months in 2009. We looked at the number of patients referred on to the consultants and how many of these needed surgery. During this period one hundred and forty one patients were booked into ESP clinics, forty three were referred to the consultants, ninety one were managed by the ESPs and seven patients failed to attend. The estimated saving to the PCT during the 2 month period was £6860 which would be £41,160 over a year. Twenty nine of the patients referred to the consultants required surgery giving a 74% conversion rate. The use of ESPs in Foot and Ankle Clinic reduces the number of new referrals seen by consultants, therefore being cost effective to the PCTs. This also increased the consultant9s surgical conversion rate producing a more efficient service.


The structural, morphological and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were investigated. The ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrate at room temperature (RT) through radio frequency magnetron sputtering in different O2 flux (fixed Ar flux). The structural properties and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The highly crystallized ZnO thin films were obtained. It is found that all the films have preferential orientation in c-axis direction and the crystallinity of the films is strongly affected by O2 flux. The crystallinity is improved greatly when the film is annealed in O2 ambient. Atomic force microscopy results show that the films are compact and smooth. Near band edge emission peak in photoluminescence spectrum for the typical sample appears red-shift phenomena. All the films present a high transmittance of above 90% in the visible region.


Introduction: Cyberbullying has become a new case in young millennials that can lead to being a serious problem if it is not faced properly. Many cases cannot be resolved because the victims did not tell the truth clearly to their parents and teachers. It may cause a lack of self-esteem among the students and also make the perpetrator become morally disengaged. The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between parental communication patterns, moral disengagement, and self-esteem with cyberbullying behavior in junior high school.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 362 junior high school students in Indonesia using purposive sampling. Variables in this study were moral disengagement, self-esteem and parental communication patterns with cyberbullying behavior. The data were collected with the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the cyberbullying behavior scale, the moral disengagement scale and the family communication pattern scale. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square was used to analyze the data.

Results: This study found out that there were 223 students, 61.6% were female, and 43.6% were aged 14 years. There were 187 students (51.7%) who had mild cyberbullying behavior. The study revealed that there were significant correlations among cyberbullying behavior with moral disengagement (p = 0.005, self-esteem (p = 0.008), and parental communication pattern (p = 0.019).

Conclusions:
Parental communication, moral disengagement and self-esteem have a correlation with cyberbullying behavior. It was expected that the schools need  to implement a training to improve social skills in junior high school students.


A truncated BFKL series is studied and applied to hadronic processes. The proton-(anti)proton cross sections are described with good agreement with data and in a way consistent with the unitarity bound. The elastic scattering amplitude is calculated at momentum transfer $t$ different from zero, introducing two distinct ansatze for the proton impact factor. The elastic differential cross section is obtained at small $t$ approximation and compared with the data.


Research about the anisotropy parameters of rock is important for geophysical investigations. This research was a preliminary study which aims to find the relationship between elastic anisotropy and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in igneous rock of lava flow type with MR1 code and to interpret preferred orientation in MR1 sample based on the integration of anisotropy measurement results with the supported results from micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, petrography analysis and geological data analysis. This research has never been done before. This study was divided into several main stages consist of elastic anisotropy measurements on a cube-shaped specimen to determine the direction of maximum velocity and elastic anisotropy parameter values, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measurements on six cylindrical specimens to determine the direction of maximum susceptibility (magnetic mineral orientation) and AMS parameter values, petrography analysis on the all sides of the cube in order to observe preferred orientation in mineral and μCT analysis in a cylindrical specimen to determine the pore trend of rock. This study showed the relationship between AMS and elastic anisotropy in MR1 sample which indicated by positive correlation between the direction of maximum susceptibility and maximum velocity. Based on the results, MR1 sample has elastic anisotropy degree ranges from 2,6 % - 6,6 % for P waves and 2,2 % - 4 % for S waves and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility degree around 2,6 % - 5,4 %. The integration of all measurement results including the direction of maximum velocity, direction of maximum susceptibility, preferred orientation in mineral, pore trend, and dip direction of sheeting joint indicate preferred orientation in MR1 sample towards NE-SW. One possible cause of such preferred orientation is the direction of the lava flow. Further studies in this topic are needed to support this hypothesis.


Abstract The paper presents the new parameter estimation method for stochastic differential equations. This method gives effective estimates of parameters and can be used for friction phenomenon in kinematic pairs modeling as far as the results of experiments are usually presented by panel data.


Among New Zealand non‐Maori men, professional, technical, administrative and managerial workers had the highest incidence and mortality rates for malignant melanoma of the skin; labourers and workers in production and transport had the lowest rates. Reclassification of occupations, in terms of both socio‐economic status and a three‐step scale of outdoor exposure during work, suggested that differences between occupational groups were determined by differences in socio‐economic status. Outdoor work exposure seemed to have little effect on the risk of melanoma.


Using content analysis, this study examined online comments of six luxury resort properties located in a popular travel destination in the southwestern United States. By categorizing and analyzing the online comments, the study not only revealed customers' online complaint behaviors, but also identified reasons customers post comments online. Suggestions for practitioners are provided for responding to online customer comments.


The Corona virus pandemic is not just ahealth disaster, but also an economic disaster. Not only the big industry, the corona pandemic virus also makes MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) suffer. If Covid-19 occurred in the long term, it would make Indonesia suffer a  decrease in economic growth by 0.1% in 2020. In general, the the following are the impacts that will be received, especially by the MSMEs sector in Indonesia. If the problems is not solved, the Covid-19 autbreak will be a tremendous blow to Indonesia. MSMEs dominate the nation's economy up to 91% are the largest that affect the welfare of the community. If MSMEs collapse, it is tantamount to the destruction of Indonesian society. By using Google Trends Analysis, this paper find out which economic development model is suitable during the Covid-19. Economic concept oriented to the development of MSMEs with the direction of economic development to businesses that uselabor-intensive.This research can be used as input for policy makers and economic activity actors to be able to ensure and the economy remains stable during the Covid-19 pandemic, apart from being an additional reference for developing economic concepts to improve people's living standards.


A short and practical method for the synthesis of 4-(N-Boc-3-aminopropyl)-5-(N-tritylamino)-1-methylpyrazole (3), side chain of an anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa cephalosporine FR259647, 1, was established by utilizing a regioselective enamine exchange with N-methylhydrazine and 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (8), followed by a subsequently occurring intramolecular cyclization and aromatization, starting from a cheap 3-cyanopyridine (7).