Purpose
This present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on quality characteristics of turkey meat cutlets, i.e. turkey meat cutlets prepared by deep frying (DF), turkey meat cutlets prepared by shallow frying (SF), turkey meat cutlets prepared by microwave cooking at 740 MHz for 20 min (MW) and turkey meat cutlets prepared by microwave cooking at 740 MHz for 10 min followed by shallow frying (MS).

Design/methodology/approach
Several preliminary trials were conducted to optimise the formulation, and finally, turkey meat cutlets were prepared, as per the method followed by Singh et al. (2015). These standardised turkey meat cutlets were cooked with four different cooking methods. The best formulation and optimum cooking method were selected on the basis of physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation.

Findings
pH and moisture content of MW were significantly (P < 0.03) higher than DF, SF and MS; however, cooking yield and water activity values of MW and MS were significantly (P < 0.05) higher. DF had significantly (P < 0.02) higher fat content than SF > MS > MW. The values of textural parameters were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in DF, whereas lightness values of MW and redness values of DF were significantly (P < 0.02) higher. Scores of various sensory attributes, including overall acceptability, were significantly (P < 0.03) higher in MS. Therefore, MS – turkey meat cutlets prepared by microwave cooking at 740 MHz for 10 min followed by shallow frying were found optimum.

Originality/value
Cooking methods vary according to the choice and flavour of the consumer. Meat products, especially cutlets, can be cooked with many cooking methods, but it is always good to choose the one method which contains less fat per cent as per the requirement of present-day health-conscious consumer and also retains and add on to the taste of the product. Hence, microwave cooking followed by shallow frying was found as such a cooking method that has the characteristics of both, i.e. less fat content and also is tasty to the tongue.


The proper description of numerical variables is very important when presenting a set of data. Measures of central tendency and dispersion are used to adequately understand a set of numerical variables. Knowledge of the properties of these measures and their adequate use provide the reader with a better understanding of the results of a study.


This paper introduces a hierarchical simulation and modeling framework that allows for inference and validation of the likelihood function in Bayesian inversion of vadose zone hydraulic properties. The likelihood function or its analogs (objective functions and likelihood measures) are commonly assumed to be multivariate Gaussian in form; however, this assumption is not possible to verify without a hierarchical simulation and modeling framework. In this paper, we present the necessary statistical mechanisms for utilizing the hierarchical framework. We apply the hierarchical framework to the inversion of the vadose zone hydraulic properties within a multilayer soil profile conditioned on moisture content observations collected in the uppermost four layers. The key result of our work is that the goodness‐of‐fit validated likelihood function form provides empirical justification for the assumption of multivariate Gaussian likelihood functions in past and future inversions at similar sites. As an alternative, the likelihood function need not be assumed to follow a parametric statistical distribution and can be computed directly using nonparametric methods. The nonparametric methods are considerably more computationally demanding, and to demonstrate this approach, we present a smaller dimension synthetic case study of evaporation from a soil column. The main drawback of our work is the increased computational expense of the inversion.


Objective: To analyze the role of serum uric acid levels in development of hypertension in a large adult population using the data from Belarusian national representative survey. Design and method: A 5-year prospective analysis included 3500 individuals in a district of Vitebsk in 2007/2008 (coverage of the survey was 97.9%), 2010/2011 (coverage of the survey was 77.8%) and 2012/2013 (coverage of the survey was 84.3%). Hypertension was evaluated according to the WHO/ISH (1999). The survey included standard questionnaires for detection of cardiovascular risk factors, measurements of blood pressure, electrocardiography, serum uric acid and C-reactively protein, cholesterol data. Results: We examined 2170 persons with normal blood pressure and 1257 persons with hypertension. Men and women were similar of mean age. In 5 years 285 new cases of hypertension developed (16.4% of men and 13.6% of women). There was revealed significant positive association between IV quartiles of serum uric acid level (339–527 mmol/l) and the frequency of new cases of hypertension adjusted for age and sex (df = 1; X2Wald = 5,1; p < 0,05). According to multifactorial regression analysis high uric acid level (>338 mmol/l) (p < 0.001) the same as systolic blood level (> 120 mmHg) (p < 0.001), high body mass index level (>25.7 kg/m2) (p < 0.001), high level of the amount of ECG peaks (SV1 + RV5 − V6 > 25 mm) (p < 0.001), moderate increase in body mass index (23,7 kg/m2 < BMI < = 25,7 kg/m2) (p < 0.001), high level of heart rate (>70 beat/min) (p < 0.01), alcohol abuse (p < 0.01), family history of stroke (p < 0.05) are the most significant factors affecting the frequency of new cases of hypertension in the studied population. At the same time the level of serum uric acid was associated with male sex (p < 0,001). And there was no relation between serum uric acid and other risk factors. Conclusions: The serum uric acid level is an independent risk factor for development of hypertension in the Belarusian urban population associated with male sex.


The objective of the research carried out in this
paper highlights the critical sustainability parameter of
reusability of waste materials in the construction sector of India.
This paper followed firstly the intense literature survey to
identify the waste materials for the replacement in the concrete
mix, hereafter Paper Pulp (P.P) and Crusher Dust (C.D)
indicates the similar nature like cement and sand respectively.
Secondly, an assumed proportion of replacement of P.P by 2.5%,
5%,7.5%,10%, and 12.5% by cement, and 10%, 20%, and 30%
replacement of C.D by sand is adopted in M20 mix design by
volume method. Thirdly, the casting of 48 sample cubes size of
150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm is performed for Average
Compressive Strength test, and casting of 48 cylindrical cubes of
150 mm in diameter and 300 mm long for Split Tensile Strength.
Fourthly, the results are carried out for 7th day testing along
with 28th day testing for both tests along with slump variation of
different samples. It is observed after the experimental analysis
that the elite results compared to normal M20 mix are exhibited
when the replacement variation of P.P is 5% along with 10%
variation of C.D for both Average Compressive Strength and
Split Tensile test. In addition to it, the highest slump is obtained
for replacement variation of 12.5% P.P and 10%C.D.


According to the introduction building 32 years Metasequoia glyptostrobodies planted forest's cultivation operating condition,the computation analysis confirmed that in sample plot vertical and under climatic conditions,the building metasequoia planted forest growth speed was quick,stores up the yearly average growth quantity to achieve 11.5 m3/hm2.The economic efficiency was big,the material quantity of 32 years judeich was 263.85 m3/hm2,receives 122312.3 Yuan/hm2,profit 63573.85 Yuan/hm2.Investment recovery period PP were 17.59 years.for the 5422.29 yuan in net present value NPV,IRR internal rate of return 13.74%,for the profit index PI 3.17.


The latent heat of condensing vapour in solar stills by means of phase change materials (PCMs) as a thermal storage is experimentally investigated.Throughout the daytime, the generated water vapor by the sun strength is performed to an external condenser filled with PCM to be condensed. The wasted latent warmth is absorbed with the aid of PCM and thereby saved. It's far well worth noting that there may be no direct touch among the saline water and the PCM, therefore, the sun power isn't always directly saved inside the PCM. Within the night, the strength saved in the PCM is transferred as heat to the saline water through warmness pipes and permits the desalination system to retain. Numerous checks have been run to research the overall performance of the system. The results revealed that the presence of an external condenser packed with PCM and geared up with warmness pipes in a sun nonetheless with evacuated tube creditors, makes the desalination procedure keep after the sundown without causing a lower within the yield in the course of the sunlight hours. The yield will increase by way of 73% as compared to the yield of the system without PCM and reaches to five.862 kg/m2 day with the efficiency of 56%


The purpose of this research is to develop a Windows XP embedded diagnostic system﹐and to build the corresponding embedded operating system. To match up the diagnostic application program written by ourself﹐which complys with the ISO14230 diagnosis protocol﹐the embedded dignastic system can communicate with the engine ECU﹐to retrieve the operating parameters and execuates the faults diagnosis. In this paper﹐the researchs are divided into three parts: the embedded operating system﹐the communication protocol﹐and the hardware structures. In an aspect of the embedded operating system﹐by using the componentzation characteristic of the Microsoft Windows Embedded Studio development tool﹐we can import the components of the desired fuctions which the diagnostic system need﹐and build the image of the XP embedded diagnostic system. As for the protocol﹐a discussion of comunation layers including the physical layer﹐data link layer﹐transport layer﹐the network layer and application layer(ISO14230-1﹐ISO14230-2﹐ISO14230-3﹐SAEJ1939-11﹐SAEJ1939-21﹐SAEJ1939-31﹐SAEJ1939-71﹐SAEJ1939-73) for ISO14230、SAEJ1939 vehicle protocol was made. Based on the results of these discussion﹐the diagnostic application program complyed with the discussed comunication protocol was developed. A Varica engine ECU target which conforms to the ISO 14230 protocol verifies the effectiveness of the developed diagnostic system. In the case of the hardware structure﹐the Advantech PCM-9388F embedded motherboard is used to serve as the development platform hardware for the developed Windows XP embedded diagnosic system. To co-operate the K-Line transducer and software programming language Visual C ++6.0﹐the Integrated Development Environment(IDE)﹐the diagnostic application program whose service functinalities conform to the ISO14230﹐SAE J1939 protocol is coded by using the object-oriented C++ programming language. In addition﹐the research can be referred by other protocols when one develops a Windows XP Embedded diagnostic system. It can also be a prototype of framework for a vehicle embedded diagnostic systems in the future.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report results of a survey in support of re‐designing the Purchasing Management Association of Canada (PMAC) professional accreditation program, the Certified Professional Purchaser (CPP).Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was developed, embedded in e‐mail messages via hyperlink, and transmitted to the PMAC membership. The questionnaire included 54 topics, tools and techniques for supply chain management (SCM). Over 2,000 PMAC members commented on CPP program design, by returning the questionnaire electronically. Data analysis culminated with a principal components analysis of the 54 items, from which seven distinct components emerged.Findings – The paper finds that PMAC members lack a common view of SCM. While 63 percent have adopted a broad SCM perspective; 37 percent have a more narrow perspective. However, the most important topics for supply chain professionals are robust across the perspectives. These topics pertain to general managerial skills (e...


Introduction: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have evidence of greater plaque formation and vascular disease by the third decade of life compared to women without PCOS. We previously ...


The present invention discloses a battery, a battery protection method, apparatus and system belongs to the technical field supply. The battery comprising: a rechargeable battery and the discharge power chip; can charge and discharge power source for supplying power to the electronic device; cell chip for detecting the charge-discharge power has started to power the electronic device, if the detection result of the electronic device has started power supply, a signal is sent to the electronic device through customized predetermined transmission pin. The present invention is transmitted to the electronic device through the cell chip custom signal, a signal for customized by the customization of the device for electronic identification signal is correct; if the signal is not correctly customized, cutting off the battery power supply control; Imitation problem in the related art results in negative consequences battery problems; in the case of the battery has reached to ensure the original battery used to meet the requirements, only keep the battery powered, while the effect of improving the safety of the battery and the electronic device.


─ The optimal design of a 44 multimode interference (MMI) coupler as an optical 90 hybrid based on a weakly-guided optical waveguide was considered. Seven geometrical parameters of a 44 MMI coupler were optimized by a real-coded micro-genetic algorithm, and parallelized using a message-passing interface. The beam-propagation method was used to evaluate the fitness of the MMI coupler in the optimization process. The optimized 44 MMI coupler showed a common-mode rejection ratio greater than 28.9 dBe and a phase error less than 2.52 across a wavelength range of 1520 to 1580 nm, which satisfied typical system requirements. The optimization process was executed on a Beowulf-style cluster comprising five identical PCs, and its parallel efficiency was 0.78. Index Terms ─ Beam-propagation method, finite element method, genetic algorithm, multimode interference coupler, optical waveguides, parallel computation.


The errors are discussed as a result of two kinds of different radius arcs replacing elliptical arc, thereby, realize optimal design for punching cross section.


IGHLIGHTING the New York season were the opening in Central Park of a new, permanent outdoor theater for the New York Shakespeare Festival and the productions it l mounted there. The season also was marked by a poor and a good off-Broadway production of Romeo and Juliet and The Merchant of Venice respectively, and by a visit from England's Old Vic Theatre. With its i962 productions of The Merchant of Venice, The Tempest, and King Lear, the New York Shakespeare Festival came into its own, and deserves to take its place with the major professional Shakespearian festivals of the world. It is not so much that the productions of the New York Festival are artistically satisfying in all details, but that they are, first of all, thoroughly professional, and, secondly and more significantly, they have about them a spirit of creativity, imagination, and excitement that gives unity and importance to the venture and that has been lacking so far in America's other professional Shakespeare festival, at Stratford, Connecticut. The director of the New York Festival, Mr. Joseph Papp, began several years ago, with no cash resources, but with a good deal of energy and with high ideals; he prodded, badgered, harrassed, and even fought with the city, until it finally supplied sufficient funds as well as a habitation for the venture. Mr. Papp is to be congratulated both for his energy and for the high quality of his productions. Some of the spirit generated by the plays in Central Park may be attributed to the physical stage. Eldon Elder, who has been designing the Festival's stages, has provided for the new home a flexible platform stage with suggestions of upper and inner stages, and-as can be done in the open air-an entrance up a ramp from the back of the stage, extremely effective for spectacle. As are so many of the successful modern Shakespearian stages today, it is a second cousin to that designed so brilliantly by Tanya Moiseiwitsch and Tyrone Guthrie ten years ago for the Stratford (Canada) Shakespearean Festival. Today its influence can be seen not only in Central Park, but on such divergent stages as those of the Theatre of Western Springs, Illinois (scene of a recent successful Julius Caesar in modern dress), and the proposed new theater for Lincoln Center in New York. Like those of the Canadian theater, the rows of festive yellow and green seats of the Delacorte (named for patron George T. Delacorte) are semi-circular to encourage audience-actor intimacy by bringing even the last-row spectators into fairly close proximity with the stage. One disadvantage of an outdoor theater is that the voices must be amplified, and it is hoped that technical improvements can be made in this area by the summer of i963. The lighting is


Skin fruit color is the main characteristic to evaluate papaya fruit ripening; recommendations for harvest, commercialization and consumption, are based in green, yellow and orange color percentages. These subjective scales are difficult for interpretation. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the main changes in appearance, firmness and total soluble solids occurring during postharvest ripening of maradol papaya fruits in order to define fruit characteristics that can be suggested as quality standards for consumption maturity. In November 2005, six maturity stages were identified and parameters such as fruit color, skin chlorophyll and carotenoids content, pulp firmness, sugars and total soluble solids were measured along them. In March 2006, fruit characteristics in consumption maturity of fruits harvested from two locations were obtained and compared with previous results. It was found that the consumption maturity stage is reached between 13 and 15 days after harvest when fruits were stored at 23±1°C and Felipe Santamaría Basulto et al. 348 Agric. Téc. Méx. Vol. 35 Núm.3 1 de julio 30 de septiembre 2009 75% of relative humidity. Skin°HUE values between 70 and 80, total soluble solids content between 10 and 11.5 °Brix and pulp firmness between 4.7 to 6.9 newtons allowed the differentiation of two consumption maturity stages.


Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) processing industry produces by products of abdoment fat containing unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which are the essential fatty acids needs to maintain health. Catfish belly fat can be processed into coarse fish oil through a purification process, with the addition of the adsorbent used, one of which is bentonite. This study was aimed to determine theeffect of bentonite application on the characteristics of refined catfish oil. Fish oil was extracted from belly fat then purified by adding bentonite adsorbent at a concentration of 1; 4 and 7%. The design used in thisstudy was a complete factorial of one factor. The parameters of analysis were the number of free fatty acids, peroxide value, anisidine, and totox. The results showed that bentonite had significant effect on free fattyacid, peroxide, anisidine and totox values. The use of 7% bentonite decreased content of free fatty acid, peroxide value, anisidine, peroxide and totox from 1.72 to 0.85%, 5.18 to 0 meq/kg, 27.51 to 2.28 meq/kg,and 37.88 to 2.28 meq/kg respectively.


The invention discloses a distributor for a foaming sheet, which is provided with a front flange, a middle flange, a converging body and a die flange. The front flange, the middle flange, the converging body and the die flange are sequentially connected through 12.9-class bolts. The center position of the front flange is provided with a first feed inlet. The center position of the die flange is provided with a material outlet. The lateral surfaces of the front flange and the middle flange are provided with second feed inlets. A product extruded by the distributor for the foaming sheet has high surface hardness and high strength, is difficult to deform, has high wear resistance and is difficult to scratch.


Objective:This study was designed to examine the important factors determing the structural changes in craniomaxillary components with Class Ⅱ D1 malocclusion.Method:Lateral cephalograms were available for 53 untreated Class Ⅱ cases (25 male and 28 female, average 12.6 years of age). The Class Ⅱ groups were compared to 57 normal individuals (25 males and 32 females, age 12). Eight linear parameters were measured. By means of stepwise regression, factor analysis was performed.Result:The difference between effective mandible length and maxilla length, upper incisor to point A, point A to nasion perpendicular represent the principle component of class Ⅱ malocclusion in male Class Ⅱ group, while differences between effective maxilla length and mandible length, lower anterior facial height in female.Conclusion:The principle component of Class Ⅱ malocclusion of male and female adolescents shows different significant deformity. Decrease in mandible length and maxilla retrusion, increasing upper incisor proclination and maxilla length are the most important deformity of Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion in male adolescents, while the decrease of differences between maxilla and mandible length, mandible clockwise rotation for female Class Ⅱ malocclusion.


The 8th ASM Conference on Biofilms was held in Washington, DC, 7 to 11 October 2018. This very highly subscribed meeting represented a wide breadth of current research in biofilms and included over 500 attendees, 12 sessions with 64 oral presentations, and four poster sessions with about 400 posters. ABSTRACT The 8th ASM Conference on Biofilms was held in Washington, DC, 7 to 11 October 2018. This very highly subscribed meeting represented a wide breadth of current research in biofilms and included over 500 attendees, 12 sessions with 64 oral presentations, and four poster sessions with about 400 posters.


Preface Motor Carrier Safety - Improvements to Drug Testing Programs Could Better Identify Illegal Drug Users & Keep Them off the Road Motor Carrier Safety - Reincarnating Commercial Vehicle Companies Pose Safety Threat to Motoring Public Federal Safety Agency has Initiated Efforts to Prevent Future Occurrences Advances Driver Fatigue Research Bus Operator Types & Driver Factors in Fatal Bus Crashes: Results from the Buses Involved in Fatal Accidents Survey An Evaluation of Emerging Driver Fatigue Detection Measures & Technologies -- Final Report Analysis of Risk as a Function of Driving-Hour: Assessment of Driving-Hours 1 through 11 - Final Report Index.


Secondary transactions have become an integral part of the Private Equity market in Germany over the past few years. Since the financial crisis began, the secondary market has been subject to even more attention. Investors are increasingly expected to seek to unwind positions in private equity funds in an effort to rebalance their assets and reduce their unfunded liabilities. Strategic investors and private equity funds may be motivated to sell interests, portfolios or direct investments in order to achieve liquidity and maximize their internal rate of return, reallocate and retool their investment strategy or eliminate nonstrategic investments. From the perspective of both the seller and the buyer, secondary transactions have specific impacts which distinguish them from "traditional" exit channels. Secondary transactions can generally be split into two basic categories:


The invention provides an electricity saving method and device of electronic equipment. The electricity saving method comprises the following steps: monitoring a current state parameter of the electronic equipment when an electricity saving instruction is received; determining to-be-executed electricity saving operation corresponding to the current state parameter according to the monitored current state parameter; further executing the determined electricity saving operation so as to realize the electricity saving purpose of the electronic equipment. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that corresponding electricity saving operation is determined according to the state parameter of the electronic equipment rather than that a monitored power consumption module is simply turned off, so that the electricity saving operation is more purposeful.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of related party transactions (RPTs) on firm performance and whether this effect is moderated by independent directors' (INEDs) presence and their human capital (i.e. functional and firmspecific knowledge). Based on a sample of 300 non-financial firms listed on Bursa Malaysia for 2013, this study found that RPTs in general, have a positive effect on firm performance and this effect varies according to the parties involved in RPTs. Specifically, this study found that firm performance is higher for RPTs involving subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. The findings support the efficient transactions hypothesis that RPTs can create value to the firm. INEDs' presence and INEDs' functional and firm-specific knowledge are found not to have any moderating effects on the RPTsfirm performance relationship. Therefore, the agency, resource dependence and human capital theories that stress on the importance of INEDs as corporate monitor and advisor are not supported. This study, perhaps the first, explains the interaction effects of INEDs' functional and firm-specific knowledge on RPTs-firm performance relationship.


With an increase of intercultural communication, English as one of the international languages, is taking greater and greater effect in transmitting messages and expressing oneself. Much emphasis are attached to the teaching of listening comprehension and speaking ability. We can see it in the national tests, such as 20 percent in the Secondary School Test, 30 percent in the College Entrance Examination and 20 percent in the National College English-Band 4 and 6 Tests.In teaching practice, however, listening comprehension is still one of the problems which interfere with the development of various skills, namely speaking, reading and writing. This paper attempts to reveal some existing problems in listening study and suggests some solutions to these problems.


In this article the authors studiy a Roman ara later christianised which was found in Suatorre de Ambia (San Esteban de Ambia, Banos de Molgas, Orense) whose primitve inscription was erased in the Eriy Middle Ages. In this epigraphical space, and on both sides of the ara was engraved a doule text of deposition of relics and in which is mentioned a certain person, Analous, who was probably one of the unknown bishops of the Auriense diocesis. As in many other such cases which exist in Galicia, its ancient focus was enlarged, squared and deepened to serve as a receptacle for the Christian relics. The hypothesis utilized is that at least one of the texts embossed in relief can be dated between the first years of the eleventh century and the beginning of the last third of the century. This is deduced from the fact that only one kilometer away is located the pre-Romanic chapel of Santa Eufemia de Ambia where fragments of an inscription of the Mozarabic period, with a similar type of letter and technique, were found. The final conclusion, that this may be an ara which supported one of the lateral altars in the afore mentioned pre-Romanic chapel, is based on the fact that there exists a primitive triple advocation to the Saviour, Saint Mary and Saint Eufemia equal to one that still can be observed on the central altar which is supported by a Roman ara with an inscription dedicated to the Water Nymphs.


This paper concerns a first-order algorithmic technique for a class of optimal control problems defined on switched-mode hybrid systems. The salient feature of the algorithm is that it avoids the computation of Fréchet or Gâteaux derivatives of the cost functional, which can be time consuming, but rather moves in a projected-gradient direction that is easily computable (for a class of problems) and does not require any explicit derivatives. The algorithm is applicable to a class of problems where a pointwise minimizer of the Hamiltonian is computable by a simple formula, and this includes many problems that arise in theory and applications. The natural setting for the algorithm is the space of continuous-time relaxed controls, whose special structure renders the analysis simpler than the setting of ordinary controls. While the space of relaxed controls has theoretical advantages, its elements are abstract entities that may not be amenable to computation. Therefore, a key feature of the algorithm is that it computes adequate approximations to relaxed controls without loosing its theoretical convergence properties. Simulation results, including cpu times, support the theoretical developments.


... that extraordinary contradiction in French society which cannot be found in any other country: rural areas have become completely urbanized in terms of life style, and yet there persists such a strong difference between Rus and Urbs that, as often as they can, city folk flee to the countryside or small towns in search of, not only urban comfort, but also a mysterious something more that seems to give meaning to life. -Henri Mendras, La Fin des paysans, vingt ans aprss


In order to research the competition evolution of the aviation industry,built the cellular automata model with consideration of resource,function,core competence and dynamic core competence of airlines four competition factors.Took competition evolution of the civil aviation industry in China and USA for examples,simulated the coordinated development and profit status of the major cells(airlines) and supportive cells(airports).The result indicates the industry profit status of USA are not good after the deregulation because airlines do not have enough dynamic core competence,the industry profit status of China also are not good after the half-deregulation.However,improving the dynamic core competence of airlines could prevent the civil aviation industry from the loss of USA development example,meanwhile, could promote rapidly development of our country's civil aviation industry,too.


Thrombin generation assay (TGA) and thrombelastography (TEG) are increasingly employed, global, in vitro methods for assessment of the procoagulant potential of plasma/blood and possibly ideally suited tools to monitor, for example, therapy with recombinant factor VIIa (FVIIa). It remains controversial to what extent results obtained with spiked and postinfusion samples reflect the outcome in patients.


Heating rate measurements made in a mock-up of a BeO heat shield for a gas core nuclear rocket engine yields results nominally a factor of two greater than calculated by two different methods. The disparity is thought to be caused by errors in neutron capture cross sections and gamma spectra from the low cross-section elements, D, O, and Be.


The asymptotic standard errors of the IRT equating coefficients given by the mean/sigma, mean/mean and mean/geometric mean methods are derived when the two-parameter logistic model holds and item parameters are obtained by the marginal maximum likelihood estimation. The case of two nonequivalent examinee-groups and the case of single group are considered. The numerical examples show that the mean/mean and mean/geometric mean methods are superior to the mean/sigma method. The results also show that the number of quadrature points in the numerical approximation to the integration of ability parameters is crucial to the estimation of the asymptotic standard errors.


Few studies on screening behaviors have examined socio-cognitive correlates of cancer beliefs for South Asian women to inform message design in health communication campaigns (Airhihenbuwa & Obregon, 2000). This exploratory study investigates the contribution of benefits and barriers in mammography intentions in a non-probability sample (N = 86) of urban Indian women recruited from 3 neighborhoods. Logistic regression analyses of cross-sectional data demonstrate that benefits of mammography significantly influence mammography intentions (p < .05), whereas barriers do not. In conclusion, support is found for emphasizing benefits of mammography for mammography intentions in the middle class urban Indian sample examined in the study.


This report presents results from tests with new glass formulations that have been developed for several high Bi-P HLW compositions that are expected to be processed at the WTP that have not been tested previously. WTP HLW feed compositions were reviewed to select waste batches that are high in Bi-P and that are reasonably distinct from the Bi-limited waste that has been tested previously. Three such high Bi-P HLW compositions were selected for this work. The focus of the present work was to determine whether the same type of issues as seen in previous work with high-Bi HLW will be seen in HLW with different concentrations of Bi, P and Cr and also whether similar glass formulation development approaches would be successful in mitigating these issues. New glass compositions were developed for each of the three representative Bi-P HLW wastes and characterized with respect to key processing and product quality properties and, in particular, those relating to crystallization and foaming tendency.


"Artists as a class are notoriously an ignorant lot, and scholars, as we all know, are dry as dust. Mr. Sperlin's plunge into imaginative writing has, however, been in large measure successful."


The objective of the study was investigation of the strategies to promote teachers creativity through the educational principals of Razan Education Department. The study population includes all teachers in the education department of Razan city. Sample of the study consists of 333 teachers, men (210) and women (123). The sample size was determined using table of Krejcie and Morgan and the sample was randomly selected. In order to gather the necessary information related to the objectives, Randsip creativity questionnaire, Rensis Likert's management style questionnaire and the researchers self-developed questionnaire were used. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics, regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA test were used. The results of analysis indicated that the manager's performance in some areas, can predict teachers' creativity. The results showed that the autocratic management style negatively and significantly predicts teachers' creativity. While; the consultative and participative styles of management can positively and significantly predict creativity. The results also showed that gender and field of study have effects on teachers' creativity and education variables, work experience, teaching grade did not have any significant effect on the creativity.


People mark all of the abstract or concrete concepts that they see, develop and reach in the geography they live on with words / phrases and thus the languages and vocabulary of languages emerge. Within the vocabulary of a language, color and color perception are not perceived only physically, biologically and chemically. Cultures also attribute different meanings to colors and new 1 Prof. Dr., Atatürk Üniversitesi, Kâzım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi, Türkçe ve Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Bölümü, Türkçe Eğitimi ABD (Erzurum, Türkiye), email@example.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6159-1906 [Araştırma makalesi, Makale kayıt tarihi: 20.03.2021-kabul tarihi: 20.06.2021; DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.948333] 2 Öğr. Gör. Dr., Atatürk Üniversitesi, Türkçe Öğretimi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (TÖMER) (Erzurum, Türkiye), firstname.lastname@example.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9707-5313 228 / RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2021.23 (June) The analysis of the term significations related to color names in Turkey's Turkish according to the term signification methods / O. Mert; B. Şimşek (pp. 227-273) Adres RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Osmanağa Mahallesi, Mürver Çiçeği Sokak, No:14/8 Kadıköy İSTANBUL / TÜRKİYE 34714 e-posta: firstname.lastname@example.com tel: +90 505 7958124, +90 216 773 0 616 Address RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies Osmanağa Mahallesi, Mürver Çiçeği Sokak, No:14/8 Kadıköy ISTANBUL / TURKEY 34714 e-mail: email@example.com, phone: +90 505 7958124, +90 216 773 0 616 terms related to colors may emerge from these meanings. In order to create these terms, languages either mark the terms which the culture developed and encountered in the historical process with their own term signification methods within the framework of phonetic, morphological and syntactic rules or they seek to borrow the code of the term they will mark. In this context, this study aims to identify and classify according to which term signification method the names of the colors and verbs related to colors in Turkish is formed. One of the qualitative research methods, document analysis method was used in the study. The names of the colors within Kaymaz (1997)'s The Usage and Systematic of Color-Expressing Words in Turkish and Dialect and S. Küçük (2010)'s The Names And Specıalıtıes Of Colors In Turkey's Turkısh constitute the data of this study. Color names are classified under four main headings. As a result of the data analysis, 549 (43.2%) of the total 1269 color names were "color names in the form of root, origin and body", 614 (48.4%) "color names built with more than one meaning element", 71 (%). 5,6) "verb root, derivation or stem about colors" and 35 (2.8%) of them "idioms built with color names". The fact that the ability of Turkish to generate and derive is used effectively in color names as in other fields and that the names of colors vary according to the period, the characteristics of the geography and the culture in which they live are noteworthy.


Using tertiarybutylarsine and trimethylgallium a GaAs MESFET structure was grown and fabricated into half and quarter micron devices. The typical transconductance and unity current gain frequency (f t ) for the half micron device were 360 mS/mm and 24 GHZ respectvely. The corresponding numbers for the quarter micron devices were 510 mS/mm and 55 GHZ respectively.


The driving force for formation of a surface relief grating on an azobenzene-containing polymer is theoretically analyzed and experimentally confirmed by polarization analyses. We formulate the driving force based on the Coulomb interaction between an optical electric field and its induced polarization charges. The formula derived includes not only the optically induced gradient force but also the force due to the spatial modulation of the refractive index. The latter stems from the reorientation of the azobenzene molecules in the polymer through the cyclic trans-cis photoisomerization caused by the Ar+ laser used to construct the interference pattern.


Memory for feelings is subject to fading and bias over time. In 2 studies, the authors examined whether the magnitude and direction of bias depend on the type of feeling being recalled: emotion or mood. A few days after the U.S. Presidential elections in 2008 and 2012, participants reported how they felt about the election outcome (emotion) and how they felt in general (mood). A month after the elections, participants recalled their feelings. The intensity of past emotion was recalled


Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that 16 million births occur to mothers aged 15-19 years or 11% of all births in the world, the majority (95%) occurring in developing countries (Sariani, 2020). The practice of early marriage in the world is most prevalent in Africa and Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, data shows that around 10 million children under the age of 18 are married, while in Africa it is estimated that 42% of the child population, married before they were 18 years old. In general, child marriage is more common in girls than boys, about 5% of boys marry before they are 19 years old. In addition, it was also found that women were three times more likely to marry early than men. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge of adolescents about maturing age at marriage. The target of this community service is 40 teenagers of SMAN 2 Mukomuko. This service begins with the provision of a pre-test questionnaire, then conducts counseling and then administers a post-test questionnaire.


Boral's managers and employees are encouraged to participate in active discussion about and to establish appropriate and consistent responses to difficult ethical issues. They are also encouraged to establish standards of behaviour which, where appropriate, exceed minimum legal requirements. Boral encourages open communication that allows difficult and sensitive issues to be raised and to be resolved without fear of reprisal. Boral's managers and employees should acknowledge and constructively address issues that may be damaging to Boral's reputation. Boral has a number of documented policies, guidelines and procedures, which set out specific legal and ethical requirements and expectations. These include policies and guidelines on Accounting Practices, Confidentiality, Conflicts of Interest, Copyrighted Materials and Trademarks, Disclosure, Diversity, Drug and Alcohol, Gifts and Entertainment, Emergencies, Environment, Harassment, Insider Trading and Trading of Boral's Shares, Health and Safety, Protecting Boral's Assets, Risk Management and Insurance, Seat Belts, Smoking, Stakeholder Communications, Taxation and Competition Law. Because of the importance of this Code of Corporate Conduct to the Company and its employees, and the potential seriousness of any breach, any employee who breaches this Code or any of the guidelines or policies under it, or authorises or permits any breaches by a subordinate in sufficiently serious circumstances, may be subject to disciplinary action including dismissal. MaintenanceofhighstandardsofcorporateconductisveryimportanttoBoral's credibility andreputation.Employeesare encouragedtoreportanyactualorsuspectedbreachoftheCodeorguidelinestotheirSupervisororto theirHumanResources Manager.Alternatively, employeesmaychoosetodirectlycontacttheirExecutiveGeneralManagerorBoral's GeneralManager, CorporateServices.Insome circumstancesemployeesmay prefertoreportimproperorunsafebehaviourtoanindependent party.Theopportunityexiststodothis throughtheFairCallHotline1800500965(Australia)or18668849435(USA). Any employee who reports in good faith a breach or suspected breach of legal or ethical standards can do so confidentially and will not be subject to retaliation or suffer any recrimination for making that report.


The 3D IC is an emerging technology. The primary emphasis on 3D-IC routing is the interface issues across dies. To handle the interface issue of connections, the inter-die routing, which uses micro bumps and two single-layer RDLs (Re-Distribution Layers) to achieve the connection between adjacent dies, is adopted. In this paper, we present an inter-die routing algorithm for 3D ICs with a pre-defined netlist. Our algorithm is based on integer linear programming (ILP) and adopts a two-stage technique of micro-bump assignment followed by non-regular RDL routing. First, the micro-bump assignment selects suitable micro-bumps for the pre-defined netlist such that no crossing problem exists inside the bounding boxes of each net. After the micro-bump assignment, the netlist is divided into two sub-netlists, one is for the upper RDL and the other is for the lower RDL. Second, the non-regular RDL routing determines minimum and non-crossing global paths for sub-netlists in the upper and lower RDLs individually. Experimental results show that our approach can obtain optimal wirelength and achieve 100% routability under reasonable CPU times.


These are lecture notes for a mini-course at the SCGP in March 2019 for the fourth workshop on the Geometry and Physics of Higgs bundles. In this course, we explore similarities between moduli of quiver representations and moduli of vector bundles over a smooth projective curve. After describing the basic properties of these moduli problems and constructions of their moduli spaces via geometric invariant theory and symplectic reduction, we introduce their hyperk\"{a}hler analogues: moduli spaces of representations of a doubled quiver satisfying certain relations imposed by a moment map and moduli spaces of Higgs bundles. In the final lecture, we survey a surprising link between the counts of absolutely indecomposable objects over finite fields and the Betti cohomology of these (complex) hyperk\"{a}hler moduli spaces due to work of Crawley-Boevey and Van den Bergh and Hausel, Letellier and Rodriguez-Villegas in the quiver setting, and work of Schiffmann in the bundle setting.


In a fuel container (1) for a motor vehicle are made of plastic made by injection molding and welded together shell parts (2, 3) in addition with a holding part (6) positively connected with each other. The mounting of the holding part (6) is carried out after the welding of the shell parts (2, 3). The fuel tank (1) can thus be manufactured economically and is protected in a crash of the motor vehicle against leakage of fuel.


This paper introduces a metasurface-inspired antenna embedded in a circular metallic cavity with a very small diameter (from 0.25 λ0 down to 0.12 λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength in vacuum at the operating frequency). The proposed concept is introduced and explained: It consists of placing a capacitive surface at the cavity aperture. This capacitive effect is obtained using multi-layer capacitively coupled strips. Our numerical results demonstrate that the impedance bandwidth is larger than that of standard patch antennas embedded in the same cavity size. Various prototypes have been manufactured, and measurements are found to be in good agreement with numerical results in all cases. The practical applications of these small metasurface antennas are demonstrated with telemetry applications for flying vehicles.


This paper introduces a model of the lending decision that accounts for credit rationing behavior as it captures fundamental aspects of the credit channel of monetary policy. The model distinguishes between the credit channel's bank-lending and balance-sheet effects in its representation of how different types of shocks influence lending. It is hoped that the model will facilitate and encourage greater attention in the undergraduate curriculum to the credit channel as well as credit rationing, the significance of both having been accentuated by the recent sub-prime lending crisis and the Fed's expanded responsibilities in the financial markets.


The invention discloses spiced sandwich dried bean curd. The spiced sandwich dried bean curd is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 to 140 parts of soybeans, 18 to 20 parts of sesame, 10 to 12 parts of green bean powder, 4 to 5 parts of osmanthus honey, 5 to 6 parts of cream, 2 to 3 parts of kudzu vine root, 2 to 3 parts of hawthorn, 2 to 3 parts of dark plum, 1 to 2 parts of pumpkin leaves, 1 to 2 parts of dragons tongue leaf, 1 to 2 parts of chestnut leaves, 2 to 3 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 1 to 2 parts of cortex moutan, 2 to 3 parts of eucommia, 1 to 2 parts of cassia twig, and 1 to 2 parts of angelica sinensis. According to the spiced sandwich dried bean curd, the kudzu vine root, the hawthorn and the dark plum are ground together with the soybeans, so that the traditional Chinese medicine ingredients thoroughly permeate soybean milk; by adding the extract of the traditional Chinese medicines, the dried bean curd has the effects of reducing blood glucose and blood fat, reducing fever, promoting the secretion of saliva or body fluid, invigorating stomach, improving digestion, eliminating phlegm, removing pus, tonifying liver and kidney, sweating and resolving fleshy exterior toxins; the sandwich dried bean curd is prepared by adding sandwich fillings made of the sesame, the green bean powder, the osmanthus honey and the cream between two layers of dried bean curd blocks, so that the dried bean curd is sweet and delicious, and has a unique flavor.


This study aims to examine the influence of auditor reputation, audit tenure,
disclosure and opinion shopping to the auditors going concern opinion. Hypothesis
(1) auditor reputation positively effect on the provision by the auditors going
concern opinion. (2) audit tenure positively effect on the provision by the auditors
going concern opinion. (3) disclosure positively effect on the provision by the
auditors going concern opinion. (4) opinion shopping positively effect on the
provision by the auditors going concern opinion.
Sample of this research used 75 manufacturing companies sample listed on
Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2008 to 2010. Samples was obtained by
purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.
The results showed that audit tenure, disclosure and opinion shopping affect
the provision by the auditor's going concern opinion. Whereas auditor reputation
has no effect on the provision by the auditors going concern opinion


Development of machine tools and need for simultaneous control of couple machine tools in production system have effect to develop Direct Numerical Control (DNC). DNC system generates efficiency, greater degree of automation transfer process and automatic defining operative data lead at greater degree of machine utilization and reducing of personnel for serving the machines. Reduces number of malfunction as result of nothingness control program (NC code) or error in program, its reduce costs because machines are in constant work and enable ordinary survey of tool, machines and production condition (Real Time Control). DNC advantages regarding NC system come on manipulation of big NC programs for production complex parts on machining centers with automatic tool and part changes. In this paper DNC system is described, his advantages and disadvantages and modern methods of integration system in one unit.


Introduction: integrated bone-implants constitute a system that is installed in the remnant bone, this system reproduces the function of one or more lost tooth roots, on which prosthetic restorations of totally or partially edentulous patients are constructed. Case report: the case of a 44-year-old partially edentulous male patient assisted by the multidisciplinary team of the implantology clinic at Antonio Briones Montoto Dentistry Clinic in Pinar del Rio. Conclusions: masticatory, aesthetic and phonetic functions were restored and comfort was given to the patient without any displacement of the crown. It was a clinically satisfactory and effective treatment in long term.


In recent years, with more and more Chinese liquor products find their way into international markets, functions and expectations of liquor advertising translation is increasing. On the one hand, advertising translation should embody the native culture and convert it into foreign culture successfully, trying to make foreign consumers accept and appreciate it. On the other hand, the quality of advertising translation will not only affect the dissemination of information but also influence the international competitiveness and market share.According to skopos theory, translation is a purposeful intercultural communication, its primary principle is to achieve the desired functionality of translation in the target language culture. This paper is guided by Skopos theory, aiming to explore the strategy of liquor advertising translation.


A research gap in the scientific literature has arisen concerning the challenge faced by actors who formulate public policies on the compatibility between economic activities and sustainable development in the Amazon. The main question that guided this study was whether the organizations of the social and solidarity economy (SSE), in the form of family farming cooperatives and associations, are sufficiently consolidated in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. To achieve the intended objective, the authors used the ArcGIS Pro 10.8 software with an exploratory analysis of spatial data (AEDE). Specifically, the mapping clusters tool was used to present and discuss the distribution of establishments and enterprises in a municipality. The database was the "2017 Agricultural Census" from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the most recent official government data available. Establishments and enterprises of family farming in the 772 municipalities of the Legal Amazon with credit access in a period between August 2017 and February 2019 were selected for analysis. We confirmed the hypothesis that SSE projects are essential to achieve sustainability in the Amazon. In addition, this study suggests that this model can be an essential alternative to support public policies for the sustainable development of the biome.


Social cartography was the research methodology of choice in our research that sought to compare the analytical perspective made explicit by the researchers with the conceptions of education in State and Politics in their analyses. In the sample analysed, referred to the field of the study on educational politics, the mapping performed was on more recurrent epistemological perspectives, which were Marxism, structuralism, post-structuralism and pluralism. However, these perspectives did not always appear explicitly in the studies, which led us to conclude that the epistemological debate in the field of education in politics in Brazil is urgent and necessary. In addition, we tried to demonstrate the authors' concepts about the education in State and Politics, in a plural way, and the possible relationship with the epistemology used. Therefore, we came to the conclusion that the education in political research depends on more vehement expressions on the conceptions of the education in Politics and State, whatever the theory and epistemology adopted by the researcher, because these concepts could bring more reflections regarding the mediations required for the application of the right to education in the country, because without conceptual rigour it may lead to a less politically engaged research.


The introduction of life philosophy into fitness yoga courses can bring more inspiration to relevant teachers,
allowing teachers to start from life research, devote more care to the student group, highlight the interest and needs of the
student group, and create a student's willingness to participate Fitness yoga class. This article focuses on the in-depth
analysis of the "connotation analysis of life philosophy" and "the fitness and education value of fitness yoga courses from
the perspective of life philosophy". The focus is on the philosophy of life to explore the fitness and education value of
fitness yoga courses. And based on these education values, some practical methods are proposed to help relevant teachers
to better carry out fitness yoga courses and realize the multi-level education goals of fitness yoga courses in the context of
education reform.


The quality of the technological composition of the sugar cane as raw is important for obtainment of alembic's cachaca of excellence. The aim of this study was to evaluate variations in the physico-chemical composition of the cachaca produced under controlled fermentation and distillation from five cultivars of sugar cane (RB72454, SP79-1011, SP80- 1842, JAVA and RB765418) planted in July with use of additional irrigation and harvested in the next year, in three stages of maturation (June, August and October). The optimization of this stage was performed according to multivariate experimental designs; 5 x 3 full factorial designs in triplicates. The experiments showed that the degree of maturation of the cultivars evaluated by brix of the juice, cane's pol, purity and reducing sugars of the sugar cane were different between the first and others period. In the first period, environmental conditions did not favor the maturation. The results of the multivariate evaluation utilizing principal components analysis (PCA) of the values of technological conditions of the cultivars, showed that the samples of sugar cane harvested in June presented unique characteristics of technological composition when compared with sugar cane harvested in others periods, forming a discriminated group. However, it was not observed any distinctions between the cultivars. From five cultivars of sugar cane, harvested at three different periods, with three replicates, forty five cachaca samples were produced under the same conditions, using the same selected yeast. The physico-chemical composition of the produced cachaca was obtained by official procedures and qualitative analysis of the volatile compounds utilizing gas chromatographic coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The quantitative analysis of the volatile compounds not presented significant differences to the objective of this work, however, all samples presented concentrations within the limits established by the "Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento (MAPA)". The composition profile of the volatile compounds confirmed that the type of cultivar did not interfere in the formation of compounds found present in the alembic cachaca. The same may not be affirmed in relation the compounds evaluated by harvested period, especially when is reported the production of acetic acid, ethyl lactate and n-butyl alcohol. Those compounds presented a qualitative profile higher in the first period when compared the others periods. The results obtained and submitted the PCA test showed the separation between the groups of cachaca produced in the three periods of sugar cane maturation.


| Integrated navigation has been an established method to increase the reliability of navigation systems. Current integrated navigation approaches go further to a hybrid mode of operation in which the performance of individual navigation systems is enhanced. We discuss the design of a receiver for such integrated integrated navigation purposes. We focus on the baseband signal processing tasks for which an embedded processor is developed. By means of a case study, a DSP design for the Loran-C DSP, we show the customization of an application speciic processor.


Compared to the chemistry associated with the basic syntheses and structures of the metallaboranes, their reaction chemistry is relatively uninvestigated. To illustrate the potential variety of such reaction chemistry, a linked overview of some previously reported and previously unreported reactions of the nido -6-metalladecaboranes [(PPh 3 ) 2 HIrB 9 H 13 ], [(PPh 3 )(Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 )HIrB 9 H 12 ], [(η 6 -C 6 Me 6 )RuB 9 H 13 ], [(η 6 -MeC 6 H 4 iso Pr)RuB 9 H 13 ] [ ( η 6 - MeC 6 H 4 iso Pr ) RuB 9 H 13 ] and [(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )RhB 9 H 13 ] with acetylenes and isocyanides is presented, together with some related chemistry derived from the arachno -type 4-metallanonaboranes [(PMe 2 Ph) 2 PtB 8 H 12 ] and [(PMe 3 ) 2 (CO)HIrB 8 H 12 ]. Reductions, oligomerisations, and reductive oligomerisations of the unsaturated species are observed, as well as complete or partial incorporation of carbon and nitrogen hetero atoms into the metallaborane clusters. 1


A cross media analysis scheme for the semantic interpretation of compound documents is presented. The proposed scheme is essentially a late-fusion mechanism that operates on top of single-media extractors output. Evidenc e extracted from heterogeneous sources are used to trigger probabilistic inference on a bayesian network that encodes domain knowledge and quantifies causality. Experiments performed on a set of 54 compound documents showed that the proposed scheme is able to exploit the existing cross media relations and achieve performance improvements.


The external anatomy, attachment, and metamorphosis of larvae of the bryozoan Bugula neritina L. are outlined briefly. Larvae placed in dishes of still water containing upward-facing, horizontal, copper antifouling and control paint surfaces aggregated on the former, but failed to attach and metamorphose properly. It is considered that this aggregation effect was initiated by copper ions progressively restricting the swimming movements of larvae passing over the antifouling paint surfaces, which would in time result in an accumulation of larvae in these particular sectors. Larvae no longer capable of swimming actively would gradually descend onto the antifouling paint, and would therefore be exposed to an increased concentration of copper ions. The attachment of larvae to vertical copper, mercury, and control paint strips in slowly moving seawater was compared. The numbers attaching to the control strips was 7 times greater than on the copper, and 20 times greater than on the mercury. The larvae attaching to the antifouling paints were moribund and easily dislodged. Observations made on larvae attempting to attach to vertical copper antifouling strips painted on the side of a shallow tray of still water showed no evidence of a repellent effect. Larvae remained at the antifouling surface until they eventually succumbed and descended to the tray floor in a moribund condition. The attachment of larvae to vertical surfaces of control and antifouling paints was compared in troughs of still water. About 90% of the larvae fell to the trough floor in a moribund condition after coming in contact with an antifouling paint; attachment to the latter was negligible. The effect was similar in all 24 antifouling paints tested. It is suggested that the terms "pre-attachment mortality" and "postattachment mortality" could be used to describe the effects observed in bryozoan and barnacle larvae respectively.


Large-scale hydrological studies are often limited by the lack of available observation data with a good spatiotemporal coverage. This has affected the reproducibility of previous studies and the potential improvement of existing hydrological models. In addition to the observation data itself, insufficient or poor quality metadata has also discouraged researchers to integrate the already available datasets. Therefore, improving both, the availability, and quality of open water quality data would increase the potential to implement predictive modeling on a global scale. 5 The Global River Water Quality Archive (GRQA) aims to contribute into improving water quality data coverage by aggregating and harmonizing five national, continental and global datasets: CESI, GEMSTAT, GLORICH, WATERBASE and WQP. The GRQA compilation involved converting observation data from the five sources into a common format and harmonizing the corresponding metadata, flagging outliers, calculating time series characteristics and detecting duplicate observations from sources with a spatial overlap. The final dataset extends the spatial and temporal coverage of previously available water quality 10 data and contains 42 parameters and over 17 million measurements around the globe covering the 1898–2020 time period. Metadata in the form of statistical tables, maps and figures are provided along with observation time series. The GRQA dataset, supplementary metadata and figures are available for download on the DataCite and OpenAire enabled Zenodo repository https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097436 (Virro et al., 2021).


The invention relates to structurally viscous, aqueous powder dispersions that are substantially or entirely devoid of organic solvents, and that contain, in an aqueous phase (B), as a disperse phase (A), solid and/or highly viscous particles (A) that are dimensionally stable under the conditions of storage and use, said particles having an average particle size, measured by laser diffraction, of D (v, 0.5) = 1 to 10 µm, the dimensionally stable particles (A) comprising at least one solvent-depleted, reactive, water-insoluble, etherified melamine formaldehyde resin (A1). The invention also relates to a method for producing the inventive dispersions and to their use.


Climate change is the most pressing environmental issue in the 21st century. Its effects increase in severity due to human actions that negatively impact natural resources. This produces risks to human health, food security, water supply, and the global economy. In order to address climate change, it is crucial to recognize it as a social-environmental issue. Formal and nonformal education plays an important role in fostering knowledge, attitudes, values, and behavior among students. Thus, it is essential to prioritize education and research that explores differences in knowledge and attitudes toward climate change among diverse high school populations. For that reason, this study aims to engage diverse high school students in Missouri through a deliberative climate change forum. This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach with students from 2 different Missouri high schools (n=22). The quantitative approach included pre and post-test instruments, while the qualitative procedure was a focus group using the Climate Choices Issue Guide created by the North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). The deliberative climate change forum was divided into five sections: recognition, reduction, adaptation, innovation, and conclusion, with 17 questions in total. Paired-sample tests showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge (t(21)=- 2.806, p=0.005), awareness (t(21)=-6.21, p<0.001), and hope (t(21)=-3.65, p<0.001) after the forum. The students were able to identify what are the causes, and consequences of global warming, and got a better understanding of climate systems. Additionally, participants provided strategies that they considered the most effective ways to address climate change. This suggests that climate change education and deliberative forums can foster awareness about environmental issues and promote positive values and attitudes towards climate change.


Objective To describe the population distribution of influenza B virus and analyze the genetic characteristics of hemagglutin(HA) gene.Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from influenza like illness(ILI) patients in the General Hospital of PLA(Beijing) between May,2009 to April,2010.The assay of real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR were used for influenza B virus sequencing.The method of phylogenetic analysis was used to align the nucleotide and amino acid sequences with DNA star software.Results A total of 2 138 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested and 169 were positive for influenza B virus.The highest positive proportion of type B virus was found on February,2010.The mean age of the cases(35±24)years were significantly higher than that(28±19)years of test negative group(P0.001).The positive proportion of type B virus infection was significantly higher in female(11.8%) than that in male(7.9%,P0.015).The phylogenetic analysis showed that the prevalent strains belonged to Victoria lineage and displayed identity of 93.4%~99.2% and 99.3%~99.7% at the level of nucleotide and amino acid sequences,respectively with the strain of B/Brisbane/60/2008.Two replaced amino acids were found in the determinant sites of HA gene.Conclusion The type B influenza virus had predominant distribution in female over 35 years old and peak appearance from January to February,2009.The prevalent strains of type B virus belonged to Victoria lineage,although the replacement of two amino acids was seen in the virus isolated from Beijing.


The invention relates to a snake-shaped wave energy acquisition device for acquiring wave energy of the ocean, rivers and lakes. The device comprises at least one permanent magnet short section loaded with a permanent magnet and at least one coil short section loaded with a coil; the permanent magnet short sections and the coil short sections are sequentially, alternately and movably connected with one another; the magnetic poles of permanent magnets in permanent magnet short sections are arranged in the same direction; and an energy storing device electrically connected with the coil in eachshort section is arranged in the coil short section and used for storing or outputting produced inductive electric energy. By the device, with the motion of waves, wave energy is directly converted into electric energy by the short sections, energy conversion links are reduced, the structure of the device is simplified, and energy conversion efficiency is improved. The device further comprises anexcitation device, wherein the excitation device adaptively adjusts a field current according to the frequency of waves, so that the natural vibration frequency and wave frequency of the whole snake-shaped wave energy acquisition device keep consistent; therefore, the output of electric energy is maximized.


An assessment scale is a set of performance-based proficiency ratings which can be used to evaluate one's ability to communicate in a foreign language. Four major language skill areas are commonly included in assessment scales: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing. Proficiency ratings for each language skill area are comprised of performance criteria which correspond to increasing degrees of foreign language competence. Assessment scales are typically used by language programs to place students at their proper levels as they enter the program and to evaluate students as they exit the program.


The huge market for antilipaemic drugs, where statins are now the major component, comprises at least 20 billions of Euros/Dollars per year. It is therefore not surprising that pharmaceutical companies attempt to emphasise particular properties of their own statin product which might differentiate and distinguish it from the other compounds. In this editorial we will critically discuss similarities and possible differences between the various registered statins.


Table of Contents
1. One-loop effective Lagrangian in spinor QED.
2. Dispersion effects for low-frequency photons.
3. Vacuum birefringence in magnetic fields.
4. Light cone condition, effective Lagrangian approach.


BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (ND) is one of the main complications of chronic microvascular diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for nearly half of all ND cases with ESRD incidence in developed countries. Recently, cystatin C serum has been considered as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of kidney damage. Cystatin-C is an appropriate marker for GFR measurement because it is not affected by age, weight, gender, and protein intake. Early detection of abnormal renal function is essential to slow progression to a further stage of nephropathy or the final stage of kidney disease.

AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between cystatin-C and ACR to early detection of nephropathy complications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study uses an observational analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were visiting the primary health service in Medan that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample count was 89 respondents. The sampling method is done through consecutive sampling. The source of this research data is primary data, including the results of cystatin-c examination and albumin. Data analysis used Spearman correlation using SPSS for Windows software.

RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between cystatin-C levels and albuminuria (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent albuminuria and progressive decline of renal function, cystatin-C and albuminuria levels can be used as early detection of nephropathy complications.


Introduction. Perioperative bleeding remains a major complication during and after surgery, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence depends on numerous factors affecting the hemostasis system.
Objective. Review of updated guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with severe bleeding
Conclusions. Management of perioperative bleeding involves multiple assessments and strategies to ensure appropriate patient care. First of all, it is important to identify a group of patients with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding. Strategies to correct preoperative anemia and stabilize macro- and microcirculation should then be employed to optimize the patient's bleeding tolerance. Finally, targeted interventions should be used to reduce intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, and thus to reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality.


We experimentally demonstrate integrated photonic devices for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with state of the art error and clock rates which will lead to more cost effective, practical, and secure communication. © 2019 The Author(s)


An essay on the philosophical aspects of materials science in the absence of a modern philosophical category "material" is presented. The features of the categories "substance" and "material" are considered, which express the distinctive properties of the corresponding objects of nature - the formlessness of the substance and the proper form of the material, the size of the particles of the substance and the structural form of the material. Substance-material mutual transformations, their energy aspects, a certain conditionality of the substance-material boundary, and adequate filling of the corresponding categories are analyzed. Also noted is the virtual reality of the elements of the structure of matter and material, its dependence on the distorting influence of experimental tools. The prospects of translating the regularities of matter-material transformation to extraterrestrial objects are noted.


AIM
The chemical composition of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) affects their structure and properties. The method of ibuprofen (IBU) intercalation into LDHs may modify its release, reduce adverse effects and decrease the required dosing frequency.

METHODOLOGY
This study investigates the effects of four different LDHs; MgAl-LDH, MgFe-LDH, NiAl-LDH and NiFe-LDH on in vitro release of IBU intercalated by coprecipitation and anionic-exchange.

RESULTS
MgAl-LDH was the most crystalline and substitution of either cation decreased LDH order. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and power x-ray diffractograms confirmed the intercalation of IBU within the lamellar structure of MgAl-LDH and MgFe-LDH. Intercalation of IBU by anion-exchange resulted in slower, partial, drug release compared with coprecipitation.

CONCLUSION
The chemical composition of LDHs affects their crystallinity, IBU intercalation and subsequent release.


Living free radical polymerization of a variety of monomers using dithiocarbarmate photoiniferter modified silicate gave dispersed polymer/silicate nanocomposites, even for nanocomposites with very high silicate contents (7−63 wt %). Thus, nanocomposites containing polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(tert-butyl methacrylate), and poly(methyl methacrylate-b-styrene) of controlled molecular weight, architecture, and polydispersity were prepared. Dispersion and random orientation of the silicate layers in the polymer matrix were confirmed by both wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). One principal finding is that exfoliated nanocomposites with very high silicate contents (above 20 wt %) could be used as nanoadditives or masterbatches to prepare all kinds of nanocomposites by simple blending without always having to begin from scratch. The exfoliation remained stable to subsequent thermal processing. The storage modulus of PMMA/silic...


Abstract
            In the wake of the Ontario Court of Appeal's decision in R v Sullivan, striking down legislative limits on the extreme intoxication defence in Canada, significant public debate arose about how the intoxication defence applies to sexual assault. Currently, the social debate has focused on implications for individual criminals and victims. This paper will argue the terms of the debate have dodged the larger social issues at the intersection of mental health, addiction, gender, and racial inequity, and poverty. These issues have been sidelined in the social discourse due to the efforts of institutions to divert away from the role they play in the underpinnings of crime and victimization. To affect social diversion, institutions notably leverage harm decisionism rhetoric to uphold existing responsibilization paradigms. Thus, to meaningfully affect social change, the call to action is rather than arguing amongst themselves within the current ideologically driven parameters, activists should deconstruct the discourse to hold institutions accountable for the inequitable social structures they uphold. Analysis of the Sullivan case grounded in social statistics and penal philosophy demonstrates how institutions can covertly pit activists against one another and uphold a socially misinformed status quo. Rather than attack criminals or victims affected by their social circumstance, activists should expose this process of how crime occurs and persists to victimize: institutionally supported responsibilization of disadvantaged groups due to an unwillingness to allocate appropriate resources to address their needs.


Two models for predicting cost overrun percentage in construction projects are presented. The first model based on regression analysis. 44 factors that impact cost performance in construction projects gathered from literature. A questionnaire survey was made on construction contractors in Egypt to evaluate the relative importance of these causes from contractors' perspective. Eleven factors were obtained as the most significant causes that lead to cost overrun and these are the independent variables of the proposed model. Data was collected for occurrence of the previous factors on yes/no basis and the corresponding cost overrun percentage (dependent variable) for 30 construction projects and was divided into two sets. The first set contains 20 projects for model building. The results revealed that there is a strong linear relationship between cost overrun percentage and the previous 11 causes that significantly affect cost overrun of projects. These causes are: financial condition of the owner, cash flow of contractor, method of procurement (open tender or selective tender), material cost increase due to inflation, competition at tender stage (aggressive or not), fluctuations in the currency that the payment will be made, project size (small or large), delay in design and approval, risk retained by client for quantity variations, drawings (detailed or not), and inaccurate material estimating. The second set contains 10 projects for validation purposes. The second model is a case based reasoning (CBR) model. CBR method can be an effective means of utilizing knowledge gained from past experience to estimate percentage cost overrun in construction works. Validation of the two models using projects of the second set revealed that regression model has prediction capabilities higher than that of CBR model. Applying the absolute value of standardized coefficient (β) as attribute weight method provides the highest prediction accuracy of cost overrun percentage. Also, feature counting gives results better than the original value of (β).


A. N. Al Khalaf helminthes , Egret , Egretta alba , Saudi ArabiaExamination of the alimentary tracts of 9 Great Egret (Egretta alba) found freshly died in their inland places around Al-Qassim area during migration season in September and October revealed infection by 6 species of helminths. The extracted parasites were include two cestode worms, three nematodes and one acanthocephala. They were identified as Uniciuna species, Choano-taenia, Subulura species, Contrac-aecum species, Syphacia species and Polymorphus species. None of any examined carcass appears free from infection. The rate of distribution of the parasite in the examined birds was varied between 66.6%, 11.1%, 44.4%, 44.4%, 66.6% and 2.2 % for the previous parasites respectively. The rate of Parasite burden for each species was moderate to low, as it was 3.4, 2.0, 2.65, 3.25, 5.16 and 4.5 from the previous parasites respectively. None of these parasites was published previously in Saudi Arabia as infect this type of Egret. Their morphological characters and their distribution were described in detail


•  Although taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in human tissues, and serves a number of important functions ranging from cell development to cytoprotection, its precise mode of action is often obscure. •  Here we present evidence that, in the vertebrate retina, taurine regulates voltage‐gated potassium (KV) channels that are sensitive to the inhibitors of KV1, KV2 and KV4 subunits. •  Taurine's effect was shown to be a metabotropic response, involving a G‐protein linked, PKC‐dependent intracellular pathway. •  Noteworthy was the finding that responses to taurine were blocked by a specific antagonist of 5‐HT2A receptors. Taurine activation of 5‐HT2A receptors was further confirmed in HEK cells that expressed recombinant 5‐HT2A receptors. •  Taurine has been shown to be beneficial in the management of a number of brain disorders. Its interaction with serotonergic pathways suggests that taurine may also play a role in various cognitive functions of the CNS.


Abstract : The purpose of this inspection was to assess the general condition of the dam with respect to safety and, based upon this inspection and available data, determine if the dam poses a hazard to human life or property. According to the criteria set forth in the recommended guidelines, the magnitude of the spillway design flood for the Cedar Knoll Farm Lake Dam, which is classified as small in size and of high hazard potential, is specified to be a minimum of one-half the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF). Results of a hydrologic/hydraulic analysis indicated that the spillways (principal plus emergency) are inadequate to pass lake outflow resulting from a storm of one-half PMF magnitude or the outflow from the one percent (100-year frequency) flood without overtopping the dam. The spillways are capable, however, of passing lake outflow resulting from the ten percent chance (10-year frequency) flood and the outflow corresponding to about 12 percent of the PMF without over-topping the dam. According to the St. Louis District, Corps of Engineers, the length of the downstream damage zone, should failure of the dam occur, is estimated to be five miles. Accordingly, within the possible damage zone are four dwellings, several farm buildings and State Highway F.


The interaction of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with anionic dye Coomassie brilliant blue G250 (CBBG250) in aqueous solution and its effect on the formation of CTAB micelles were studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and electrical conductivity methods. By establishing the micellar model and measuring the electrical conductivity of CTAB in CBBG250 aqueous solution, we get the values of the critical micelle concentration at different temperatures from 298.15K to 338.15K, which are essentially the same as the range of concentrations of regular change in absorbance. It suggests that the critical micelle concentration of CTAB in CBBG250 aqueous solution is larger than in aqueous solution because some surfactant molecules in micelles are associated with CBBG250 molecules.


We continue our survey of the spectra of nitrogen containing polymers with a look at polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are widely made into foam rubber, elastic, and wood coatings, amongst other things. The spectra of polyurethanes are similar to polyamides since both polymer types contain C=O and N-H bonds. Therefore, we will begin with a review of the spectra of polyamides.


Control-theoretic modeling of the human operator dynamic behavior in manual control tasks has a long and rich history. In the last two decades, there has been a renewed interest in modeling the human operator. There has also been significant work on techniques used to identify the pilot model of a given structure. The purpose of this research is to attempt to go beyond pilot identification based on collected experimental data and to develop a predictor of pilot behavior. An experiment was conducted to categorize these interactions of the pilot with an adaptive controller compensating during control surface failures. A general linear in-parameter model structure is used to represent a pilot. Three different estimation methods are explored. A gradient descent estimator (GDE), a least squares estimator with exponential forgetting (LSEEF), and a least squares estimator with bounded gain forgetting (LSEBGF) used the experiment data to predict pilot stick input. Previous results have found that the GDE and LSEEF methods are fairly accurate in predicting longitudinal stick input from commanded pitch. This paper discusses the accuracy of each of the three methods GDE, LSEEF, and LSEBGF to predict both pilot longitudinal and lateral stick input from the flight director's commanded pitch and bank attitudes.


A new method for the determination of the helicopter noise natural frequencies, which is based on the superposition of results of Doppler frequency shift measurement, is presented in this paper. In order to measure the Doppler frequency shifts, the flight paths are recorded by GPS instrument on the helicopter. The superposition can greatly decrease the error of offering just single Doppler frequency shift. The results show that this method is efficient for determining the natural frequencies of the aircraft flight noise.


The gold standard for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is venography, an invasive procedure requiring a hospital setting, being cumbersome, not without risk, and having a failure rate of up to 20%.1 For these reasons venography is replaced in many centers by noninvasive techniques such as compression sonography, duplex sonography, and impedance plethysmography (IPG), techniques that are sufficiently accurate to be acceptable as gold standard for the diagnosis of proximal DVT. 2,3 For isolated calf vein thrombosis IPG is of doubtful value, and serial testing is required for initially negative sonography to adequately rule out the extension of lower leg thrombosis (which was initially missed) to more proximal segments.2 The major disadvantage of this strategy is related to the low prevalence of DVT in patients with clinical suspicion. Multiple studies have shown that 60%-80% of referred patients will be tested with negative outcome,4~5 which, particularly with serial testing, is a time-consum-


A circuit for generating an internal address in a semiconductor memory device which can reduce power consumption in a self-refresh operation, by generating an internal refresh address to refresh a partial array selected according to an external command includes: a counter unit having a plurality of binary counters for generating internal address signals for wholly or partially refreshing word lines of a bank according to a setup value of a memory; and a control unit for receiving a most significant signal and a second most significant signal of the counter unit, a first select signal and a second select signal for deciding a word line region of the bank to be activated, and a self-refresh signal and a refresh signal, and generating a signal for controlling the operation of the counter unit, a most significant internal address signal, and a second most significant internal address signal.


For sustainable economic growth, over the long term, the products of technological innovation prescribing the change of the economic system as a whole must be disseminated throughout the entire national economy, while at the same time, we must manage the evolution of technological innovation to limit any "locking into" existing forms of technology or knowledge (stagnation of technical innovation) and to trigger all-new technological innovation for the next generation. The problem associated with this kind of resource allocation is one that is relevant on both the micro- and macro-economic levels in terms of R&D in companies and science and technology policies for the national economy. The primary objective of this paper is to argue the controllability of innovation and economic growth over time. I use the framework of social learning dynamics, a kind of replicator dynamics, to develop an economic growth model with technological change. Several results could be suggested by computer simulation as follows: (1) We can perform more desirable economic growth paths with continuous innovation by controlling a discount or depreciation rate of knowledge capital over time. (2) This controlled depreciation rate path may be relative to economic growth rate or marginal productivity over time.


Human-Computer Integration (short: HInt) is an emerging new paradigm in the human-computer interaction (HCI) field. Its goal is to integrate the human body and the computational machine. This article presents two key dimensions of Human-Computer Integration (bodily agency and bodily ownership) and proposes a set of challenges that we believe need to be resolved in order to bring the paradigm forward. Ultimately, our work aims to facilitate a more structured investigation into human body and computational machine integration


Management of labor was central to articulating and constructing U.S. colonialism in the southern Philippines. Governed by American military officers for fifteen years (1899–1914), the major island of Mindanao and those of the Sulu Archipelago became sites of intensive race management efforts. Colonial officials identified racialized Muslim and Lumad societies as out of step with the modern world of work and developed myriad programs to address this "problem," including mandatory service on public works projects, carceral labor, industrial education, and directed markets. Unevenly applied and frequently contested, these initiatives generated a range of responses from local actors. The drive to create disciplined laborers through incentive, coercion, and violence shaped state building in the region and linked it to preoccupations with work and racial reform in other U.S. imperial possessions and the wider colonized world.


This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study conducted to gain further insight into the attitudes of finance organizations towards workplace stress and stress interventions. Semi-structured interviews were used and seven individuals, each representing their organization, participated in the study. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith, J., Jaraman, M., & Osborn, M. 1999 was used to analyse the data. In M. Murray & K. Chamberlain (Eds), Qualitative Health Psychology. London: Sage.) was used to analyse the data. One main theme that emerged was "resistance towards counselling for stress". This theme and several related sub-themes are discussed, and suggestions to reduce resistance to counselling for stress are presented in a model.


Aim : To profile the incidence and severity of ocular injuries in Hong Kong. Materials and methods: A 4-year retrospective survey  of all patients (n = 149) admitted to the Caritas Medical Centre between January 1995 and December 1998 with ocular trauma as the principal diagnosis. Results : The mean age was 38.6 years and the male to female ratio was 3.52:1. The most common causes of ocular injuries were work-related events (43.6%) and assault (12.8%). Others included falls (12.1%), non-work-related and domestic accidents (12.1%), sports and recreational events (8.7%), traffic accidents (8.1%), human contacts (1.3%), and injuries by animals (1.3%).  62 patients (41.6%) had a poor visual outcome with visual acuity less than 6/12 in the injured eye and, in this group, 38 (25.5% of the total) became blind in the injured eye. Conclusions : Ocular trauma is an important cause of preventable and predominantly monocular visual morbidity and blindness. Appropriate health education and safety strategies should be implemented in the future.


Inulinases (β-2, 1-fructan fructanohydrolase, EC 220.127.116.11) from yeast, fungi and higher plants are β-fructofuranosidases, which split off the terminal fructose units from the inulin molecule. However, considering the wide distribution of inulin and related substances as carbohydrate reserves in plant tissues, and their efficient degradation, the existence of other types of inulin-degrading enzymes could be expected. We have tried to isolate bacterial strains which produce such an enzyme. During the course of our investigation, we isolated a strain of Arthrobacter ureafaciens which produces a novel inulin-degrading enzyme [inulin fructotransferase (depolymerizing), EC 184.108.40.206]. Inulin f ructotransf erase acts on inulin to form difructose anhydride III through an intramolecular transfructosylation reaction. This paper describes the followings; 1) Enzymic reactions occurring in difructose anhydride metabolism. 2) Structures of difructose anhydrides. 3) Derivatives of dif ructose anhydride III.


Based on a method presented in detail in a previous work by the authors, similar solutions have been obtained for the steady inviscid quasi‐one‐dimensional nonreacting flow in the supersonic nozzle of a CO2–N2 gasdynamic laser system, with either H2O or He as the catalyst. It has been demonstrated how these solutions could be used to optimize the small‐signal gain coefficient on a specified vibrational‐rotational transition. Results presented for a wide range of mixture compositions include optimum values for the small‐signal gain, area ratio, reservoir temperature, and a binary scaling parameter, which is the product of reservoir pressure and nozzle shape factor.


Ban Gu (32~92) was a 1st century Chinese historian and poet best known for his part in compiling the Book of Han. It discussed Gua-qi that its numbers had been credited with 64. It should be corrected if there had been 60 gua in the same book of different versions,even with Yan Shigu (581~645) variorum no exception. The Superorder Summary to Siku Quanshu evaluated on Shen Guangbang's Yi Lv Tongjie (Knowledge in Consecution and to Explain Yi and Temperament) that put lv (temperament) and Yi,two items belongs to different subjects together,which was not affirm to the book but a negative attitude toward it.


Debate continues on the amount and distribution of radioactive heat producing elements (i.e., U, Th, and K) in the Earth, with estimates for mantle heat production varying by an order of magnitude. Constraints on the bulk‐silicate Earth's (BSE) radiogenic power also places constraints on overall BSE composition. Geoneutrino detection is a direct measure of the Earth's decay rate of Th and U. The geoneutrino signal has contributions from the local ( ∼ 40%) and global ( ∼ 35%) continental lithosphere and the underlying inaccessible mantle ( ∼ 25%). Geophysical models are combined with geochemical data sets to predict the geoneutrino signal at current and future geoneutrino detectors. We propagated uncertainties, both chemical and physical, through Monte Carlo methods. Estimated total signal uncertainties are on the order of ∼ 20%, proportionally with geophysical and geochemical inputs contributing ∼ 30% and ∼ 70%, respectively. We find that estimated signals, calculated using CRUST2.0, CRUST1.0, and LITHO1.0, are within physical uncertainty of each other, suggesting that the choice of underlying geophysical model will not change results significantly, but will shift the central value by up to ∼ 15%. Similarly, we see no significant difference between calculated layer abundances and bulk crustal heat production when using these geophysical models. The bulk crustal heat production is calculated as 7 ± 2 TW, which includes an increase of 1 TW in uncertainty relative to previous studies. Combination of our predicted lithospheric signal with measured signals yield an estimated BSE heat production of 21.5 ± 10.4 TW. Future improvements, including uncertainty attribution and near‐field modeling, are discussed.


GPGPUs utilize multi-dimensional memory subsystems to provide the bandwidth needed by their multi-dimensional parallelism. However, an unfavorable address mapping leads to imbalanced memory request distribution across the memory resources, causing degraded performance and poor power efficiency. The optimal mapping is both application- and hardware-dependent. This paper provides a software-hardware co-design to dynamically reconfigure the address mapping according to the trace of the targeted application. First, a circuit to sample the entropy of address bits is proposed to capture the optimal address mapping. Second, a dynamic reconfiguration mechanism is designed to apply the optimal address mapping. Simulation results show up to 45% performance improvement over fixed address mappings.


American central stations, contrary to European practise, have extensively adopted single-phase distribution from polyphase stations, balancing the loads among the different phases by grouping of the single-phase feeders or the distributing substations. Voltage regulation for lighting circuits has been supplemented by individual regulators. Generators with good single-phase characteristics were sometimes employed. In other cases generators were installed of larger kilovolt-ampere rating than the kilowatt capacity of the steam unit. Large customers, using electric welding machines, electric furnaces, etc., assist the balancing by dividing their load between the two or three phases. In cases of railroad companies' generating stations, the single-phase power is furnished from three-phase generators of special design. In cases of purchased power from central stations, different methods of supply may be available. In connection with the supply of service to the Western portion of the New Haven Railroad electrification by the New York lighting companies, four methods were considered contemplating the supply of power-(1) directly from the 25-cycle system busbars; (2) from a separate section of the 25-cycle system busbars; (3) from a 60-cycle station with frequency changers at the delivery point; (4) from special 25-cycle generators installed in the latter station. On account of the requirement of parallel operation with the railroad power plant, the first method would not give the necessary load control. The second method was dismissed on account of the requirements of balancers and also longer transmission lines than the other methods.