A new offset-frequency phase-locked loop (PLL) that realises high-frequency resolution based on a mathematical relation between the output frequency and the offset frequency is proposed. The proposed PLL achieved a 0.1 MHz frequency resolution while using a 1.1 MHz reference clock. The PLL consisted of a main PLL, a delay-locked loop based programmable frequency multiplier, and a single-sideband mixer. The prototype PLL was fabricated with a 0.18 m CMOS technology, and occupies a 0.29 mm 2 active silicon area.


Basket tip turbine exhaust static pressure sensors are recommended by all the major turbine manufacturers. Their geometry however is required to adhere to precise and minute design details to be acceptable for guarantee/acceptance testing. This paper discusses a practical modification to the classical ASME PTC 6 (Turbine Test Code) design that is easier to fabrication for the typical machine shop. The alternative design makes it less expensive, much faster to construct, and facilitates the drainage of any accumulated condensate. Comparative field tests by PSE and G`s Research and Testing Laboratory at the 300 MW Mercer Generating Station, Unit 1 will be described which demonstrates the modified tip pressure measurements are indistinguishable from those of the PTC 6 design. The paper also presents the limited available history of the empirical basket tip exhaust pressure sensor. Finally, based on the success of this one modification, the paper concludes that other even more suitable designs could be developed by further research.


The genome sequence of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori contains a family of cysteine-rich hypothetical proteins that so far lack a functional and three-dimensional description. Four members of this family, designated Helicobacter cysteine-rich proteins (Hcp), have been expressed recombinatly in E. coli, refolded and purified. It was shown that the proteins HcpA, -B, -C and -D are capable of binding and hydrolysing β -lactam antibiotics. The substrate profiles characterize these proteins as penicillinases rather than cephalosporinases. The structural analogy between β -lactams and D-Ala,DAla peptides suggests an implication of Hcp proteins in cell-wall biosyntesis. HcpB and -C were crystallized and the structures were refined at 1.95 Å and 2.50 Å resolution, respectively. The structures reveal modular architectures of α/ α-repeats that are distantly related to the tetratricopeptide-repeats. The HcpB structure also shows a bound ligand that was copurified with the protein. The electron density suggests that this ligand might be a N-acetyl-muramic acid (NAM), a ubiquitous compound of the bacterial cell-wall, that was validated by mass-spectrometry.


Abstract Thermal analysis, mechanical behavior, and dyeing performance of nylon–graft-polyacrylonitrile (nylon–g-PAN) copolymers having different graft yields have been studied. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the weight loss decreased from 88.11% for ungrafted sample to 69.26 and 58.93% for nylon–g-PAN samples having 31.6 and 58.4% graft yields, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of all grafted samples shows exothermic peak at 270°C. This peak is absolutely absent for the ungrafted sample. The air permeability values were decreased via grafting. The water permeability and bursting strength values decreased from 12.7 (mbar) and 1331 kiloPascal for ungrafted fabric to 9.75 (mbar) and 921 kiloPascal, respectively, for nylon having 8.4% graft yield. By increasing the graft yield, the water permeability and bursting strength values were gradually increased up to 11.3 (mBar) and 1168 kiloPascal for nylon having 20% graft yield. The dyeing performance of the disperse dye was evaluated.


New sources of activated carbon (AC) are desired for CO2 capture. This study explored the potential of Philippine indigenous Pili tree (Canarium ovatum Engl.) waste nut shell as a source of new activated carbon. The charred sample has high fixed carbon content (86.81%), which upon activation, showed higher surface area (701 m2/g) and larger pore volume (0.45 cm3/g) compared to the unactivated sample. Modification of the carbon surface through impregnation of different amines resulted in lower surface areas, narrower pore volumes, and changes in morphology (from uniform geometric shape to spongy microstructures). The amine modified samples gave slight decrease in X-ray diffraction interlayer spacing (d(002)) resulting in formation of micro crystallites that may promote CO2 adsorption. Indeed, the modified AC samples had higher adsorption capacities for CO2 than the original AC. The amount of adsorbed CO2 on pentaethylenehexamine-modified AC was up to 2.380 mmol/g at 1 atm and 293 K, a 173% increase in comparison with that of the original AC.


This study evaluated effects of foliar spraying 24-epibrassinoide(24-EBL) on the growth of salt-stressed canola and plant pigment role played in canola salt tolerance.The seedlings were grown in the presence of 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl and sprayed with different concentration of 24-EBL(1 000,10,0.1,0.001 nmol·L-1) for 15 days.The plant biomass,electrolytic leakage percentage(ELP),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),contents of photosynthetic pigments,phenolics,flavonoids and anthocyanins,and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) of these plant pigments were determined.The results showed that:(1)24-EBL could ameliorate these adverse effects induced by salt on biomass,Pn,contents of chlorophyll(Chl) and carotenoid(Car),MDA level and ELP.0.1 nmol·L-1 24-EBL(EBL3) was chosen as the optimal concentration for growth promotion and used in a subsequent experiment.(2)The levels of β-carotene(β-Car) and lutein(Lut) in different parts of leaves were sharply decreased under salinity,but β-Car content in upper leaves,Lut content in upper and middle leaves were reversed with varying degrees by EBL3.The treatment of EBL3 could promote the contents of phenolics in all leaves and petioles,and the contents of flavonoids in petioles of seedlings under salt stress.However,the anthocyanin contents of all plant organs were increased significantly induced by EBL3.(3)The treatment of EBL3 induced the T-AOC of carotenoid(Car) extracts in the upper and middle leaves.However,it induced the T-AOC of phenolics extracts in all plant organs of canola seedlings under salt stress.(4)Correlation analysis indicated that the T-AOC of carotenoids' extracts was all highly positively related to their contents of Car,β-Car and Lut.While,T-AOC of phenolics' extracts showed a positive correlation with contents of phenolics and anthocyanins in upper leaves,a very positive correlation with contents of phenolics and flavonoids in stems,and anthocyanins' contents of mid-leaves,petioles and stems.Sum up,foliar spraying 24-EBL could promote adaptation of the canola seedling to salt stress,which was due mainly to its increase of photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities induced by 24-EBL.Also,the increase of photosynthetic pigment and anthocyanin levels induced by 24-EBL played an important role in anti-oxidation of canola seedlings.


The impact of different microsegregation models on solidification behavior of large size steel ingots was
investigated. The microsegregation models include the ideal equilibrium solidification equation, the extreme Scheil-
Gulliver, and the non-equilibrium equations. Different dendritic solidification equations were used to study the evolution
of the properties and the cooling process of a 40 Metric Tons (MT) ingot of a medium carbon high strength steel.
Material thermophysical properties were determined by means of thermodynamic softwares FactSage® together with
various proposed models from the literature and the thermal simulations were done using Thercast® FEM code. The
results obtained in this study demonstrate the significant influence of microsegregation model on temperature dependent
solid fraction profiles, thermophysical properties, thermal field and solidification time needed for the casting of the large
size ingot, which ultimately affect the extent of macrosegregation.


Gymnastics is one of the most popular sports at the Summer Olympics in both the United States and China. This study content analyzes more than 23 hours of Olympic gymnastics at the 2016 Rio Games on NBC and CCTV, examining potential framing differences pertaining to nationality and biological sex. Findings reveal that, in terms of name mentions, NBC favored female and domestic gymnasts, yet CCTV devoted more mentions to male and nondomestic gymnasts. Regarding word-by-word descriptors, multiple significant differences strongly suggest that the two networks depict gymnasts in substantially different manners. Discussions and research directions are also offered.


In this study, douchi and soypaste, representative soy-fermented foods in China, were investigated as intact food materials on the stability of their angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities during processing and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Results showed that the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of most samples tested, including active fractions by gel filtration from a potent soypaste sample, could be well-preserved or even enhanced after treating at 120°C, pH 2–10 or digesting with pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. The total angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of the products after processing and digestion considerably depended on the active inhibitors originally generated during their manufacturing. These findings indicated great potential of douchi and soypaste to exert hypotensive effect upon ingestion and provided support on developing antihypertensive functional soy-fermented foods or components by manufacturing products with good angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity.


This paper presents instrumentation and telemetry system techniques used in free-flight research drop model testing at the NASA Langley Research Center. The free-flight drop model test technique is used to conduct flight dynamics research of high performance aircraft using dynamically scaled models. The free-flight drop model flight testing supplements research using computer analysis and wind tunnel testing. The drop models are scaled to approximately 20 percent of the size of the actual aircraft. This paper presents an introduction to the Free-Flight Drop Model Program which is followed by a description of the current instrumentation and telemetry systems used at the NASA Langley Research Center, Plum Tree Test Site. The paper describes three telemetry downlinks used to acquire the data, video, and radar tracking information from the model. Also described are two telemetry uplinks, one used to fly the model employing a ground-based flight control computer and a second to activate commands for visual tracking and parachute recovery of the model. The paper concludes with a discussion of free-flight drop model instrumentation and telemetry system development currently in progress for future drop model projects at the NASA Langley Research Center.


Objective: To explore the relationship between the feeling of missing not wearing adornments and body image satisfaction and the professional self-concept of the members of the nursing team. Methods: Quantitative analytical study. Professionals from a nursing team (n = 46) responded to a Professional Self-Concept Scale, Body Image Satisfaction Assessment Scale and a characterization questionnaire. Results: The total mean score for the Professional Self-Concept Scale was 111.6 (± 13.3) and for the Body Image Satisfaction Assessment Scale it was 81.6 (± 14.1). There were statistically significant differences in the comparison of the feeling of missing not wearing adornments in the dimensions of Realization (p-value = 0.0074), Self-confidence (p-value = 0.0386) and Health (p-value = 0.0109) of the Professional Self-Concept Scale. Conclusion: Individuals who are more realized, more self-confident, more perceive the influence of work on own health and more satisfied with their appearance do not miss wearing adornments in the hospital environment.


The UK Transport Act 2000 gave local traffic authorities powers to introduce road pricing with an assurance that for at least ten years they will be allowed to keep the proceeds for investment in public transport or other local transport projects. It is possible that only a few local authorities will take up the offer but many more will wish to carry out studies of the possibilities before coming to a conclusion. For many authorities the decision will be affected by what alternative sources of finance are available. Decisions could be reviewed; perhaps most authorities will come to the conclusion 'not now but maybe in future'. They may wish to study the possibilities now so that if and when the time is right, they will be able to recognise it. This paper sets out the main issues affecting a decision and the criteria for developing policies towards road pricing. The paper also draws a distinction between compulsory or negative road pricing as a means of restricting road traffic and optional or positive roa...


To the scholars the main problem of psalm lxxiv-and of psalm lxxix-has been the date of the supposed destruction of the Temple. A going-through of the various commentaries will show that they all agree in assuming a historical reality behind these psalms, 1) the fixation of it ranging from the possibility of a preexilic date (BENTZEN) to the time of the Maccabaeans (WELLHAUSEN, MOWINCKEL and others), but none has been able to demonstrate his view as opposed to that of others in a convincing manner. In the following pages I hope to indicate that the psalms have no relation whatsoever to any historic occurrence, but are completely cultic. If this be true, the determination of their type as "national psalms of lamentation" must fall, and it will come out that originally they were ritual laments with a fixed position in the cult drama of the New Year Festival. In speaking of the original use I have in no way anticipated the postexilic understanding-it is highly probable that later ages took them to be laments of the disasters bearing upon the Temple in the course of time. Undoubtedly owing hereto they got a place in the Psalter. Introductorily I consider it necessary to make a short phenomenological statement of the role played by the dwelling of the god in ancient Semitic conceptions. As the topic is uncultivated from my point of view, 2) such a statement can only touch the rough outlines of this ideology in its cultic significance-on account of the limited space a thorough-going argumentation must be omitted. Solutions of this problem ought not to be looked for in the O.T. exclusively, as there will always exist the possibility of maintaining


In 2001, Arrow Energy NL, a fledgling coal seam gas (CSG) explorer, drilled the first wells of a multi-well exploration program in two Authorities To Prospect (ATP) permits—ATPs 683P and 676P—that covered an area totalling 13,817 km2 of the Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures in the eastern Surat Basin. The objective was to discover significant CSG resources and, if successful, to commercialise to reserve status. Early exploration success in 2002 saw the discovery of the Kogan North and Tipton West CSG fields. This paper reviews the discovery and subsequent appraisal and development work that Arrow Energy has completed to establish production from these fields. By 2004, Arrow Energy had independently certified Probablereserves in the Kogan North field of 85 PJ, and Possible reserves of 157 PJ. Results from a five-well CSG pilot operation demonstrated the feasibility of commercial gas flow rates sufficiently to justify commercialising CSG from the Walloon Coal Measures in the Kogan North field. Under the terms of a staged development agreement, CS Energy Ltd—Queensland's largest electricity generator—farmed into the Kogan North Project to earn a 50% interest in PL194 and an adjoining portion of ATP 676P by funding A$13.1 million of the project's development and appraisalcosts. The funds provided by CS Energy covered the majority of the development costs required for Arrow's Kogan North development project. The initial gas sales contract from Kogan North will supply sales gas of 4 PJ/a for 15 years to CS Energy from March 2006. Arrow Energy retains the remaining 50% interest and operates the project. With 25 PJ Probable, 90 PJ Probable and 1,980 PJ Possiblegas reserves certified independently, the Tipton West field could potentially be one of the largest onshore gas fields in eastern Australia. Final appraisal of the Tipton West field is currently underway with financial close on the development expected in late 2005. Beach Petroleum Ltd has entered into an agreement to fund the A$35 million required for upstream developmentto supply the initial 10 PJ/a sales gas from the field in 2007, in exchange for 40% interest in th Dalby block of ATP683P. Arrow Energy retains the remaining 60% interest and operates the project. Diligent environmental and land management systems are required with the development of any CSG field. For example, formation water produced from CSG activities needs to be managed effectively. To deal with this water Arrow Energy is developing and implementing several innovative strategies, including forced evaporation dams, water supply to local coal-washing plants and trialling desalination plants to provide drinking water for nearby towns, aquaculture and stock watering. Arrow Energy has also implemented a Cultural Heritage Management Plan within the development areas in cooperation with the local indigenous claimant groups, the Western Wakka Wakka and the Barunggam peoples. The plan was designed to minimise risk of any disturbance to indigenous artefacts and areas of significance during the exploration, construction and ongoing operations associated with the development of both gas fields. The discovery and future development of the Kogan North and Tipton West fields has been achieved by using an appropriate mix of geological evaluation, efficient drilling techniques, innovative well completion methods and successful marketing strategies, integrated with cooperative environmental and cultural heritage management systems.


In last years, policy demand for information about the economic consequences of water management has increased significantly. It is due to the interaction between the hydrological and economic realm works both ways: water is transformed for economic use and the impact of economic use on water availability and quality consequently has implications in both the short and long term for the transformation process to modify water for economic use (Brower and Hofkes, 2008). From literature, it is demanded additional analysis on policy interventions that could provide an incentive for adaptation responses to climate change (Dinar, 2012). Policy strategies could mitigate the longer-term economic effects of environmental change. In this line, the main purpose of this work is to find a tax policy strategy to apply to water management that lets mitigate the economic-wide impacts of water constraints, specifically in drought years, through an improvement in water efficiency in the long term. To do it, we use the methodological approach of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (CGE). These models take into account the various inter-linkages between economic sectors and are particularly useful for the evaluation of water pricing policies (Brower and Hofkes, 2008). Therefore, an additional objective of this paper is to contribute to a growing literature that uses CGE models as a tool for the analysis of water management due to the majority of the studies are usually focused on energy and climate change. Since the challenge of water is a long-term matter, dynamic CGE models can help us to analyze water management with a view of the future economic impacts. These models present a wide range of possibilities that lead us to compare the economic impacts between a standard neoclassical CGE model with the ones of a model following a structuralist approach (Taylor, 1990). On the other hand, specific water basin models can help to evaluate and predict the impact of policy interventions on both economic and water systems (Brower et al., 2008). With these questions in mind, we examine the economic impacts from different alternative policies in a Spanish region which is dominated by a relevant irrigation scheme. The Ebro River Basin is the Spain´s largest river basin, occupying 17 per cent of its territory. Within the Ebro River basin, the irrigation of the province of Huesca has over 200,000 hectares, representing almost 40% of the utilised agricultural area (UAA) of Huesca and the 6% of the agricultural irrigated farmland in Spain (MARM, 2010). The output generated by the irrigation of Huesca reaches over 80% of total agricultural production in the province (DGA, 2009). The rationale for choosing the province of Huesca in Spain is based on various aspects. First, the major irrigation scheme of Spain is located in this area, which covers over 127,000 hectares, in particular, the Upper Aragon Irrigation System (CGRAA in Spanish acronyms) which includes 58 irrigation communities. This irrigation scheme also supplies water to several towns and cities, as well as ten industrial estates, and it is highly representative of irrigation in the Ebro valley. Second, the ready availability of data and collaboration in previous studies with this scheme has provide relevant information on water uses, levels of efficiency, cropping patterns and crop yields from 2001 to 2010, that mean that the CGRAA is ideally suited for the purposes of this study. In recent years, this irrigation scheme faces with a downward trend of water supply and some restrictions in water resource availability due to among other reasons the revegetation of headwaters, see Bielsa et al. (2011), the effects of climate change and the lack of regulation in this irrigation scheme. The current levels of water use efficiency in this irrigation scheme are very significant and suppose an efficient use, although it could be improved. They represent a great leap if we compare with the situation three or four decades ago. However, the volume of water supply in some years is insufficient for crops such as corn, rice, alfalfa or fruits, which are the most profitable and with high interest for agri-food industry, livestock and imports. These water constraints are provoking shocking changes in the cropping pattern removing towards less water demanding crops and with lower profitability, instead of the expected evolution (more weight of fruits, vegetables, corn,...). Finally, the water situation in this irrigation scheme could be a reflection on the situation in other arid areas with water constraints or with a downward trend in the volume of water available in the last years. In these areas the introduction of the most profitable and demanding crops could be really limited by the lack and insecurity of water supply. This water situation is represented into a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model that is developed with different structures and used for policy simulations. It is a multi-sector model in which water is also considered as a production factor. In this paper, we evaluate the economic impacts of alternative assumptions applied to different tax policies that combine both exogenous and endogenous technological change. First, the results are presented with a standard CGE model in a steady state reference scenario with a 2030 time horizon. A second scenario takes into account the real evolution of water supply in the last years in this area. This forecast is based on a downward trend of water supply and water constraints that lead to water productivity losses in drought years. Keeping the use of a standard walrasian CGE model, this scenario shows that future droughts will drastically influence on the prices of water. In a third scenario, we include in the model a structuralist approach in which water prices are under control to assess the economic impacts of tax policies designed to stabilize the price of water and as a consequence, to smooth the economic-wide impacts in drought years. In a fourth scenario under a standard walrasian approach again, we simulate a tax policy designed to increase water efficiency through endogenous technological change. The level of water efficiency follows a Gompertz function that starts from the real initial value, increases gradually and finally is stabilized with time. In addition, we wonder what could be the level and type of taxes that is needed to increase water efficiency. We focus our analyze on the substitution in production and consumption at the sectoral level to observe the effects of the reallocation of water. Our results show that letting only market laws functioning without a strong policy strategy would be not enough for goods such as water, especially in the long run.


1. A pharmaceutical composition in the form of a bilayer tablet comprising (a) a first layer comprising from about 20 to 45% by weight. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (b) a second layer comprising from about 7 to 24% by weight. gidrohlorida.2 pioglitazone. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the first layer further comprises one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of (i) diluting agent; (Ii) a disintegrant and (iii) lubricant komponenta.3. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the first layer further comprises a binder sredstvo.4. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the first layer further comprises excipients selected from the group consisting of (i) approximately 40-80% by weight. dilution substance; (Ii) approximately 0.5-6% by weight. disintegrant and (iii) about 0,75-10% by weight. komponenta.5 lubricant. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the second layer further comprises one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of (i) a diluting agent, (ii) a disintegrant; (Iii) a binder and (iv) a lubricating komponenta.6. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the second layer further comprises excipients selected from the group consisting of (i) approximately 60-80% by weight. dilution substance; (Ii) about 2-12 wt%. a disintegrating agent; and (iii) approximately 1-7% by weight. communications; and (iv) about 0.25-4% by weight. komponenta.7 lubricant. A pharmaceutical composition according to Claim. 1, comprising (a) a first layer comprising (i) from about 20 to 45% by weight. dipeptidyl peptidase


Pyrocystis fusi formis Scienti f ic c lassi f ication Domain: Eukaryota (unranked): SAR Phylum: Dinoflagellata Order: Gonyaulacales Suborder: Goniodomineae Family: Pyrocystaceae Genus: Pyrocystis Species: P. fusi formis Binomial name Pyrocystis fusi formis Wyville-Thomson ex Murray, in Tizard et al., 1885 Pyrocystis fusi formis is a non-motile, tropical, epipelagic, marine dinoflagellate (flagellate microorganisms), reaching lengths of up to 1 mm. P. furisormis display bioluminescence when disturbed or agitated. In coastal marine waters, this dinoflagellate causes glowing effects after dark. P. fusiformis was first described in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in 1876.


For value addition, only developing different products from fish muscle /mince is not enough, as maintenance of proper storage condition to keep the sensory attributes in acceptable range and marketing of the developed products very important. Therefore, the study was carried out to observe the changes in sensory attributes of fish condiment prepared from Thai pangus mince, stored at different temperatures. In the development of product and different analysis standard procedures were followed with some modification in the processes. In this study, a detailed survey on consumers' preference to fish condiment was done at Kamal-Ranjit Market of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Kewatkhali, Mymensingh town and Faculty of Fisheries (BAU). This study revealed that the sensory attributes of fish condiment decrease throughout the storage period irrespective of storage temperatures (room temperature, 28°C to 32°C; refrigeration temperature, 5°C to 8°C and frozen temperature, -18°C to -20°C). At low temperatures, this product may remain in acceptable condition for more than 120 days. The consumers' preference study showed that most of the respondents liked fish condiment and also they showed their interest to buy from shop and shop owners showed interest to sell this product. The average price offered by the consumers for the fish condiment was 18.52 taka and by the shopkeepers, 19.51 taka for 10g of condiment in each pack; which were much higher than the production cost. The cost profit analysis showed that the margin of profit for the fish condiment was 35.14%.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 402–408, 2019


We have measured the electrical resistivity and ac magnetic susceptibility (cid:120) ( T ) of (La 1 (cid:50) x Ce x ) 3 Al, for 0 (cid:60) x (cid:60) 1, and the electrical resistivity of (Ce 1 (cid:50) z Y z ) 3 Al, for 0 (cid:60) z (cid:60) 0.1. The system was characterized using x-ray diffraction and metallography. From x-ray data we were able to determine the structure for all samples to be hexagonal and that the unit-cell volume decreases linearly in going from the La-rich side to the Ce-rich side. The results show that La 3 Al is a superconductor below 6.2 K and that T c decreases rapidly with the increase of the Ce concentration. For x (cid:46) 0.04 we observed a minimum in the resistivity and a reduction of the effective magnetic moment of Ce due to a strong compensation promoted by the Kondo effect. Our results show that the Kondo temperature increases with Ce and Y concentration, according to the reduction of the unit-cell volume. We also show that the antiferromagnetic transition temperature goes through a maximum at z (cid:53) 0.025, indicating that there is an interplay between superconductivity, antiferromagnetic ordering, and the Kondo effect. A diagram illustrating the evolution of the T K and T N is presented. The electronic specific heat (cid:126)(cid:103)(cid:33) increases with the Ce concentration showing a maximum around x (cid:39) 0.4. It was also possible to determine values for the (cid:114)


The work presented in this thesis deals with synthesis of carbon-based as well as metal-oxide thin films using highly ionized plasmas. The principal deposition method employed was high power impuls ...


The present invention provides a discharging method and system of a non-removable battery of a mobile terminal. A current battery voltage value is compared with a preset voltage value; if the current battery voltage value is larger than the preset voltage value, the battery is discharged by a first preset current value, and the battery is charged by a second preset current value otherwise; when the mobile terminal is detected to be power-off, discharging time of the battery is detected if to be equal to time required for complete discharge of a battery remaining capacity; if the discharging time is equal to the required time, the discharge is finished, and the battery is charged otherwise; after the mobile phone is powered on, the battery is discharged by a reduced discharge current until the discharging time of the battery is detected to be equal to the time required for complete discharge of the battery remaining capacity, thus to complete the discharge. By this means, the battery remaining capacity is completely discharged under the condition of not removing the battery, thereby providing convenience for performance tests of mobile terminals of which batteries are difficult to remove.


We have developed a prototype system in which a user can fuse up to 4 modalities (or 4 spectral bands) of imagery previously registered to one another with respect to a 3D terrain model. The color fused imagery can be draped onto the terrain to support interactive 3D flythrough. The fused imagery, and its opponent-sensor contrasts, can be further processed to yield extended boundary contours and texture measures. Together, these layers of registered imagery and image features can be interactively mined for objects of interest. Data mining for infrastructure and compact targets is achieved using a point-and-click user interface in conjunction with a Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network for on-line pattern learning and recognition. Graphical user interfaces enable the user to control each stage of processing: image enhancement, image fusion, contour and texture extraction, 3D terrain characterization, 3D graphics model building, preparation for exploitation, and interactive data mining. The system is configured as a client-server architecture, enabling remote collaborative exploitation of multisensor imagery. Throughout, the processing of imagery and patterns relies on neural network models of spatial and color opponency, and the adaptive resonance theory of pattern processing. This system has been used to process imagery of a variety of geographic sites, in order to extract roads, rivers, forests and orchards, and performance has been assessed against manually determined "ground truth." The data mining approach has been extended for the case of hyperspectral imagery of hundreds of bands. This prototype system has now been installed at multiple US government sites for evaluation by image analysts. We plan to extend this approach to include various nonimaging sensor modalities that can be localized to geographic coordinates (e.g., GMTI and SIGINT). We also plan to embed these image fusion and mining capabilities in commercial open software environments for image processing and GIS.


This study seeks the problem of the Korean Professional Basketball that depends on foreign players after having the merits of foreign and domestic players after having the merits of foreign and domestic players divided and analyzed in the end of 5 years` history of the league. Moreover, this investigation is to provide basic materials for the development of the Korean Basketball and it performance. 14 items in total including 9 attack and 5 defense factors are the object to measure. The following result is applied to individual group t-test and Perason`s product moment correlation coefficient (r) is conducted to analyze correlation between each change factors by factors. Therefore, the results are as written below: First, there were some differences between domestic and foreign players in attempt to 2 points shot and success, attempt 3 points shot and success, offensive rebound (OR), defensive rebound (DR), block shot (BS). However, foreign players recorded high frequency in attempt to 2 points shot and success, OR, DR and BS than domestic player. On the other hand, domestic players showed high frequency in attempt 3 points shot and success and Assist. Second, in the result of Correlation Analysis, meaningful correlation was shown in every factor except for attempt to 3 points shot and success to foreign players. However, domestic players showed meaningless correlation in OR, DR, BS, Good defense and Assist. Therefore, domestic players shall control rash attempt 3 points shot and exercise correct shooting to increase the success percentage. In addition, it requires much effort and training to perform Fast Break (FB) and Assist with speed. Foreign players shall watch for 2 points field goal by using post play under the basket for the victory of their team and good results and give priority to rebound through box out.


Objective To explore and analyze the clinical value of application of ritodrine hydrochloride combined with progesterone in treatment of threatened preterm to extend the gestational age. Methods During 2008 to 2012, 80 cases were selected and divided into two groups. Control group included 40 cases used ritodrine hydrochloride and test group included 40 cases used itodrine hydrochloride combined with progesterone. Results The percentage of normal deliveries and late pregnancy of test group were higher than control group, with statistically significant difference(P 0.05). The effective time of two groups had no significant difference (P 0.05). The birth weight and Apgar scores of test group were higher than control group, with significant difference (P 0.05). Conclusions To use ritodrine hydrochloride combined with progesterone in treatment of threatened preterm can delay gestational age to prevent premature delivery and improve birth weight and Apgar scores. It's safe, reliable, and significant in clinical practice.


The corona-19 virus (Covid-19) was declared a pandemic disease because it has claimed many lives. This virus can be transmitted from touch and a very close distance of social interaction by not using a mask. To prevent the spread of covid-19, the policy implemented by the government is to limit human interaction such as teaching and learning teachers and students at home through online media. The purpose of the study is to find out the educational communication strategy in the time of the teacher and student pandemic in Donggala Regency. Qualitative research methods using a case study approach. The results showed that there are two educational communication strategies carried out by teachers to students during the covid-19 pandemic, namely through (1) online media such as whatshap, google meet, and google classroom. (2) Face-to-face consisting of two ways (a) the teacher comes to the student's house consisting of 3-4 students in one group and (b) students have the opportunity to learn with the teacher in school even with a limited time of 2-3 hours.


running more simulations but this was not considered worthwhile since the geometry of the experimental chambers was not exactly reproduced. The figure shows good agreement between our results and Kristensen's. This serves the purpose of helping to verify both the measured results and the Monte Carlo calculation method. In particular it suggests that Monte Carlo modelling is a practical alternative to experimental measurement for the investigation of the effects of geometry and construction materials on the response of ionisation chambers.


This study aims to analyze the leading sectors that have competitive competitiveness and specialization in Banten Province and determine the base sector's priority as information and consideration, especially for the Banten Provincial Government in developing the economic development of Banten Province in the future. In addition to projecting the value of the Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banten Province in 2020. The data used in the form of sectoral Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banten Province and Indonesia's sectoral Gross Domestic Product based on constant prices in 2010 in the form of time series from 2010 to 2019 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of Banten Province and the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia. The data was then analyzed with a quantitative descriptive approach using the Location Quotient (LQ) model and Shift-Share analysis. Based on the LQ and Shift Share methods, there are 2 leading sectors in Banten Province, namely the Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling sector, and the construction sector. Both sectors have an LQ above 1, which means that the sector is a base sector. In addition, the sector has positive Proportional Shift and Differential Shift which means the sector is growing fast and has a locational advantage. However, of the two sectors, when viewed nationally, the most superior share is in the construction sector because it has the highest national share value.


From the nineteenth century on, archaeological research has been conducted into the vicus of Bedriacum (2nd cent. BC-5th cent. AD), a minor centre in the territory of the Latin colony of Cremona near the modern town of Calvatone (CR). Different strategies and methods were used: iGIS was conceived and developed to become an immersive, scalable and fully customizable 3D-VR system that integrates 2D data and 3D models, ranging from MySQL online databases to Virtual Reality.


The baseline concentration levels of cadmiu m(Cd), manganese(Mn), chromiu m(Cr), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu) zinc(Zn) and lead(Pb) were determined in the top soil around the iron ore deposit at Itakpe North Central Nigeria in order to define benchmark concentrations as a basis for future environmental monitoring and pollution control for sustainable environmental protection. One hundred and sixty soil samp les were rando mly collected over an area of 5x5km 2 between December 2003 and November 2005. The soil samp les were subjected to standard methods and analysed using Unicam 969 flame ato mic absorption spectrophotometer. The pH and organic carbon concentration of the soil ranged 4.28-7.46 (6.56±0.70) and 2.60-5.60% (2.85±1.00%) respectively. The mean concentration levels of heavy metals ranged: Zn, 43.89±9.06-75.29±15.74 mg/kg; Cu, 33.48±7.44-51.50±7.35 mg/kg; Pb, 18.73±2.87-33.31±4.31 mg/kg; Mn, 6.39±1.07-20.31±3.42 mg/ kg; Cr, 8.18-14.89 mg/ kg; Ni, 11.99±2.71-20.84±2.09 mg/kg; and Cd, 0.10±0.05-0.21±0.07 mg/kg. The soil metals concentration sequence was Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd, with Zn having the highest relative abundance in topsoil in respect to the measured metals while Cd had the least. There was decreasing gradient in the heavy metals concentrations from top soil (0-15cm) to depth 110cm. Zinc concentration level decreased by 23.92% fro m 67.65 mg/kg top soil to 13.06 mg/ kg at 100-110 cm; Mn, 21.5% fro m 20.30-4.30 mg/kg; Cr, 14.09% fro m 14.89-1.84 mg/kg; Ni, 16.65% fro m 16.88-2.41 mg/ kg; and Cu, 19.54% fro m 45.99-7.52 mg/ kg, fro m top soils to depth of 100-110 cm respectively. Cad miu m and lead were found below the instruments detection limit (i.e. < 0.002, Cd and < 0.05, Pb) at depth 50-110 cm and 100-110 cm respectively. Apparently, the soil environments are yet to be impacted negatively by heavy metals because heavy metal levels around Itakpe iron ore deposit and beneficiation plant were within natural concentration levels, and are therefore regarded as not polluted.


IntroductionUntil about the early 1960s, most published mathematics was typeset professionally by skilled compositors working on Monotype machines. As this form of"hot-metal" composition became less readily available, on account of both cost and the fact that skilled compositors were retiring and not being replaced, "enhanced" typewriters began to be used to prepare less prestigious publications. Phototypesetting ("cold type") began to appear gradually, although it was more expensive than typewriter-based composition, and generally not as attractive in appearance as professionally prepared Monotype copy.By the mid-1970s, Monotype composition was essentially dead. Donald Knuth, a professor of computer science at Stanford University, was writing a projected seven-volume survey entitled The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP). Volume 3 was published in 1973, composed with Monotype. By then, computer science had advanced to the point where a revised edition of volume 2 was in order but Monotype composition was no longer possible. The galleys returned to Knuth by his publisher were photocomposed. Knuth was distressed: the results looked so awful that it discouraged him from wanting to write any more. But an opportunity presented itself in the form of the emerging digital output devices-images of letters could be constructed of zeros and ones.1 This was something that he, as a computer scientist, understood. Thus began the development of TeXThe problemMathematics as a discipline depends on its own arcane language for communication. Prior to the ubiquitous availability of personal computers, the options for communicating mathematical knowledge were limited to faceto-face contact, preferably with a writing surface handy, although conventions developed to enable intelligible telephone discussion, personal letters (at least bits of which required handwritten notation), or formal publication. The last mode required a highly skilled compositor, working either with traditional hand-set type or with a hot-metal typecaster, or a combination of the two.The gold standard for typeset mathematics in the midtwentieth century was the Monotype typecaster [PhR, PhH]. The audience was relatively small, and the work exacting. Since mathematical notation is essentially multi-level (see Figure 1), the Linotype, the linear-type workhorse for newspapers and most book publishing, was not up to the task. Only a few suppliers would take on such work, and mathematical composition was always considered "penalty copy''.2For the first half of the twentieth century, a mathematical work for publication began as a manuscript, either handwritten or partially typewritten (the text) with mathematical symbols inserted with pen and ink. A typescript was typically prepared by a secretary: senior faculty had their own personal assistant, junior members relied on departmental staff. Often the secretary primarily responsible for manuscript preparation had a typewriter with special capabilities, greatly reducing the need for manual insertions.Various mechanical advancements improved the visual quality of manuscripts, and documents intended for limited audiences or quick distribution, such as lecture notes or proceedings of meetings, were often published from such copy. The Varityper and IBM Selectric Composer, two enhanced typewriters with interchangeable type heads (and type styles emulating traditional printing typefaces), in the hands of a skilled typist, were capable of producing quite readable output, with character sets for typical mathematical notation and variant type sizes needed for accurate representation of sub- and superscripts. What they generally lacked was an easy mechanism for justifying lines, an easily recognizable characteristic of typeset copy; justification was possible, but it always required a second pass, which was usually not fully automatic. Nonetheless, as prices increased for hot-metal composition, even some traditional journals began to use this method of preparing copy for the printer. …


The focus of this Principal Paper Session is on both innovation in the capital markets and innovation involving agricultural cooperatives. The most important aspect of this session and the papers in it is to assess the implications for the risk-mitigation role of agricultural cooperatives, given the innovation that is occurring in the capital markets. In addition, the risk-mitigation assessment is linked directly to the structure of the agricultural cooperative. Developments in insurance securitization provide much of the basis for renewed enthusiasm about risk-mitigation potentials involving agriculture. The three principal papers as a set provide an interesting and eclectic view of risk mitigation applied to agricultural cooperatives. The article by Skees provides an overview of the innovations that are emerging in the capital markets. The article by Zeuli discusses potential applications and assesses the usefulness of these innovations to agricultural cooperatives or their members who might apply them. She briefly discusses several examples of new-generation cooperatives (NGCs) that could potentially benefit from the application of specific capital market innovations. Finally, the article by Black and Barnett provides a case example of three NGCs that process sugar beets. Black and Barnett, among other things, analyze a time series on sugar beet yield per planted acre to evaluate a crop yield insurance instrument.


The paper describes one of the variants of mathematical models of a fluid dynamics process inside the containment, which occurs in the conditions of operation of spray systems in severe accidents at nuclear power plant. The source of emergency emissions in this case is the leak of the coolant or rupture at full cross-section of the main circulating pipeline in a reactor building. Leak or rupture characteristics define the localization and the temporal law of functioning of a source of emergency emission (or accrued operating) of warmed up hydrogen and steam in the containment. Operation of this source at the course of analyzed accident models should be described by the assignment of the relevant Dirichlet boundary conditions. Functioning of the passive autocatalytic recombiners of hydrogen is described in the form of the complex Newton boundary conditions.


The detection and evaluation of leaks in underground storage tanks require a detailed knowledge of conditions both within the tank and in the nearby surroundings. The test apparatus, as constructed, enables data regarding these environmental conditions to be readily obtained and incorporated in a carefully structured test program that minimizes the amount of costly full-scale testing that would otherwise be required to evaluate volumetric leak-detection methods for underground storage tanks. In addition, sufficient flexibility has been designed into the apparatus to enable additional evaluations of non-volumetric test methods to be conducted, and different types of tanks and products to be tested in a cost-effective manner.


ABSTRACT 'Lona ilish,' a traditional salt-fermented fish product made exclusively from Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), is widely consumed in Bangladesh and adjoining northeastern part of India. No detailed scientific studies have been made on 'lona ilish.' To understand the science behind this traditional preservation process, the product was prepared in the laboratory following traditional method, and biochemical changes during fermentation period of 150 days were studied at two-week intervals. The protein and protein degradation products as well as lipid and its degradation products were among the important parameters studied. Increase in non-protein nitrogen (NPN), free alpha amino nitrogen (FAN), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) contents during fermentation indicated hydrolysis of protein. However, the decrease in protein nitrogen content was not significant. A value of NPN/TN of 18% in the fish muscle was found indicative of the ripening point. The loss of lipid in the product was found to be significant. The first rise of peroxide value (PV) immediately after dry salting followed a gradual decrease, and thereafter a second rise was observed in the later half of fermentation period. However, this increase of PV did not impart any rancid taint to the end product. High salt content (15.48%), intermediate moisture content (49.89%) and low pH (5.28) of the final product was found to be satisfactory for stability of the 'lona ilish' at ambient temperature.


Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) shows strengthen immune system, antioxidant and anticancerogenic effect. In this research, the effects of Wolfberry's extract fractions, cultivated in Kayseri, investigated on Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) using in vivo and in vitro techniques. For in vivo study, 200 mg/kg fractions of Wolfberry extract (above and below 50 kDa) were injected ip to EAT injected Balb/C mice. EAT cells were also cultured in the presence of Wolfberry's extract fractions (1500, 2000 µg/ml) to examine cell vitality and apoptosis using the Muse Cell Analyzer. Histopathological examination of intra-abdominal organs showed that there were decrease in the EAT cells adherence in the Wolfberry applied tissue groups when compared to the control. According to in vitro results, the both extract fractions (above and below 50 kDa) increased apoptosis in cancer cells. However, total apoptotic cell percentage was higher and statistically significant in groups above 50 kDa (1500, 2000 mg/ml) (p < 0.05). Previous literature and the results of the present study reveal that the consumption of wolfberry—which is also produced in Turkey—might be effective in preventing the formation of cancer and the deceleration of its progress.


The level of contamination with the natural (K-40, Th-232, Ra-226) and induced (Cs-137) radioactive nuclides of the following forest soils(pine- trees, fir-trees, birch-trees) and of the long fallow ecological systems at the polluted (southern part) and not polluted (northern part) territories of Kaluga region of the Russian Federation, was evaluated in 2017. The analysis showed that the specific activity of the natural radioactive nuclides Ra-226 and Th-232 is low and it changes insignificantly in the soils' profile of the studied ecological systems. Higher levels of K-40 are registered, reaching the maximum in the long fallow soils, which arises from a heavier granulometric composition of the differences that were formed here. In general the density of soil contamination with the natural radioactive nuclides in various ecological systems varies: 3,14-11,70 for Ra-226, 0,33-3,22 for Th-232 and 3,52-94,19 kBq/m2 for K-40, which corresponds to the background indexes  and complies with the regional lithological features of the territory. The density of the soils contamination with Cs-137 varies from 60.8 to 273,8 kBq/m2 at the polluted territories(it does not exceed 3 kBq/m2 at the background territories). Among the studied ecological systems the forest ones (especially coniferous) are the most contaminated with Cs-137, the long fallow ecological systems are the least contaminated with Cs-137. In comparison with the initial period starting with the precipitation in 1986, the density of soils' contamination with Cs-137 has presently decreased by more than 3 times in average. However this index still significantly exceeds the admissible level of 37kBq/m2. Cs-137contributes most significantly into the summary specific activity of the soils and gives the power of the  equivalent absorbed dose for the  ecological systems of the polluted territories. K-40 provides this effect for the background territories.


This paper first to the excavator bucket rod of hydraulic circuit based on the establishment of basic hydraulic components of the mathematical model, using the Simulink simulation software to build the overall hydraulic circuit simulation model; according to the actual situation of module parameters to the appropriate value, the complex and changeable load is simplified into four different operating conditions, by inputting different signals to simulate different operating condition simulation, finally through the study of the parameters on the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic system of excavator working device effects, the results of the simulation analysis, put forward the corresponding improvement measure.


In this paper, we leverage software architecture analysis techniques to codify change management properties and to examine their affect on the functional integration of software components. Software architecture provides a means to predict and analyze the potential for interoperability problems among interacting components. However, the properties addressed in traditional software architecture analysis are limited to the functions for a component's exchange of control and data. We define architectural abstractions for change management that can be used to extend integration analysis. We exemplify how these properties contribute to the architectural conflicts between interacting components, as well as influence the conflict resolution. The goal is to extend component-based systems analysis to include change management concerns so that clearer designs of dynamic, distributed systems emerge.


Abstract In an attempt to correlate the basicity of local anesthetics with their activity, 2 1 substituted carbanilates of N-benzyl-N-methylaminoethanol, N-phenethyl-N-methylaminoethanol, and N-phenpropyl-N-methylaminoethanol were prepared. Substitutions on the carbanilic acid portion of the molecule were designed to study possible resonance effects. The compounds showed topical local anesthetic properties, but infiltration anesthetic properties were almost absent. No correlation between basicity and local anesthetic properties could be made. The relatively high acidity of the hydrochloride salts tested might account for the irritation commonly found.


Abstract Non-steady and eruptive phenomena in quasars are thought to be associated with the Eddington or super-Eddington luminous stage. Although there is no lack of hypotheses about the total duration of such a stage, the latter remains essentially unknown. We calculate the duration of the quasar luminous stage as a function of the initial mass of a newborn massive black hole (MBH) by comparing the observed luminosity- and redshift distributions of quasars with the mass distribution of MBHs in normal galactic nuclei. It is assumed that, at the quasar stage, each MBH goes through a single (or recurrent) phase(s) of accretion with, or close to, the Eddington luminosity. The mass distributions of quasars is found to be connected with that of MBHs residing in normal galaxies by a single-valued relationship through the mass range 107−1011 M[odot] of the inferred MBHs.


Computer algebra has been used to solve nonlinear adjustment accompanied by simultaneous parameter estimation. The corresponding constrained minimization can be achieved by Groebner bases with lexicographic monomial order on the domain of rational numbers, employing Groebner Walk, when Buchberger algorithm failed. This method providing infinite precision is about minimum ten times faster than the traditional iterative numerical techniques with finite precision. In addition, computer algebra solution doesn't need initial approximation as the iterative methods do. The suggested technique is illustrated by a numerical example of solving the problem of 2D Helmert transformation. For the numeric and symbolic computations the Mathematica 6.01 system was employed.


Inflammation is a recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intake of whole grains is inversely associated with risk of T2D and CVD, and reduced inflammation may be an important mediator in this relationship. We examined the cross‐sectional associations of whole grain intake and markers of inflammation in 1674 participants of the Framingham Offspring Study. Whole grain intake (g/d) was estimated by FFQ and calculated with and without added bran and germ. With the exception of C‐reactive protein (CRP), no sex interactions were observed between whole‐grain intake and markers of inflammation. After adjusting for age, sex, abdominal adiposity, energy intake, current smoking, alcohol intake, dietary fat, multivitamin use, aspirin use, and non‐steroid drug use, intake of whole grains with and without inclusion of added bran and germ was inversely associated with CRP, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1). Compared with participants in the lowest quintile category of energy‐adjusted whole‐grain intake, participants in the highest quintile category had 6% and 12% lower concentrations of MCP‐1 (p‐trend <0.001) and IL‐6 (p‐trend=0.05). The concentration of CRP was 23% lower in the highest quintile of whole‐grain intake in men only. Whole‐grain intake was not associated with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha. These findings suggest that inflammation is lower among those consuming on average 3 or more daily servings of whole grains.


Next-generation wireless networks are going to have highly dense, small cell structure with a large number of femtocells which is termed as Ultra-Dense Femtocellular Networks. In ultra-dense Femtocellular networks (UDNs), large-scale deployment of femto base stations is an important technique for improving the network throughput and quality of service (QoS). A multidimensional resource allocation algorithm is an efficient method to manage inter-small-cell interference while establishing a realistic scenario of three-tier heterogeneous network architecture. However on deployment of the above mentioned architecture leads to several challenges data collision, Energy degradation during waiting time and bandwidth wastages. In order to mitigate those challenges, Spatial and Temporal Clustered Network Inference mechanism is proposed which deploy the network under different deployment strategies in terms of spatial and temporal preferences. The overlapping clusters is created in Ultra-dense femtocellular networks in order to reduce the inference, where each cluster head runs the distributed randomized PCID allocation algorithm and locally monitors the conflicts to avoid the collision and confusion constraints. Simulation analysis demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm against state of art approaches in terms of throughput, overhead and packet delivery ratio.


Two courses, BAE235: Engineering Biology (http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/bae/courses/bae235/) and BAE465: Biomedical Engineering Applications (http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/-bae/courses/bae465/), in the Biological Engineering curriculum of the Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department at North Carolina State University have made extensive use of the World Wide Web (1) to distribute course materials to students, (2) to obtain supplementary information from throughout the world, and (3) to provide a vehicle for multimedia student projects. Hot links were provided from the syllabus to the instructional objectives for the topics covered in each course. The "Engineering Biology" course also had links to homework assignments, to supplementary materials e.g. the Human Genome Project, and to instructional objectives for each lab. An e-mailer was provided to allow BAE235 students to send anonymous feedback to the instructors. Students in "Biomedical Engineering Applications" were given homework assignments which involved using the World Wide Web to find the home pages of other biological and biomedical engineering programs and to find examples of topics they were studying in class. In addition, the BAE465 students worked in groups to produce electronic term projects. Each group made an on-line presentation of its project to the class at the end of the term. These projects will form the basis for an introductory electronic textbook on biomedical engineering which will be available to the global community. BAE465 projects have also been linked to relevant topics in the syllabus for BAE235.


Effect of hypertonic sodium chloride was studied in non water deprived Wistar albino rats. Twenty (20) Wistar albino rats weighing between 128.4g and 470.2g were obtained from Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry Departmental animal house, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. The rats were housed in cages and administered 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.10 and 0.20mg/g body weight of 10% sodium chloride on 1 st , 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th and 8 th day respectively to induce hypertension. Grower's marsh® and fresh clean water were provided ad libitum. The weights of the rats were recorded daily, but the heart rates were recorded on the 1 st , 5 th , 8 th and 19 th day of experiment. Pretreatment and post-treatment blood samples were collected on the 1 st and the 5 th days respectively for determination of haematological and biochemical parameters. The results of daily average weight gain/loss of the experimental rats revealed significant difference (p < 0.05) of 16.0, 0.1*, 5.3, 3.9*, 4.7* and 8.9g* on the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , 6 th , 8 th and 19 th day respectively. There was significnant increased heart rate (p<0.05) on the 5 th , 8 th and 19 th day given 209 ± 14, 222 ± 20 and 271 ± 7 beats/minute respectively. The post treatment creatinine value (91.94 ± 13.96μmol/L) was lower than pretreatment value (106.88 ± 42.14 μmol/L). Hypertonic saline caused weight loss which was progressively regained, increased heart rate and decreased plasma creatinine. Adult rats lost body weight much more than young rats. Hence the strain of rats used for this study may be good for hypertensive experiment.


Social scholars and policy makers consider youth problems very important in contemporary Iranian society. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to investigate one of these problems, namely alienation among youth and its main social factors. To advance this goal, we used some theoretical and investigative experiences provided by psychological and sociological theorists like Melvin Seeman, Edgar Friedenberg, Herbert Markoze, and Eric Fromm. Our research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population includes all youth aged 20-30 living in Khodabande, a small-sized city in Zanjan located North West of Iran. Applying Cochran sampling formula, we surveyed a sample of 350 young residents of Khodabande. Our main instrument to collect data was a researcher designed questionnaire. The overall result suggests that the rate of social alienation is high among youth (20-30) and its main affective variables include social discontent, individualism, and mass media.


Centralized service identifies the pool (pool) of the devices that can be accessed by the client over the network. Devices are local or network-accessible devices, and a device (for example, SCSI storage devices) may include a configurable file indicating the position of the. In any case, the device (or file that represents the position of the device) may be identified by the assigned logical unit number (LUN). Centralized services are assigned one or more devices to the target, and associates with the target client information. In addition, a centralized service may be assigned a logical unit number to the target, the target protocol may also be allocated to - an independent portal - this protocol added with the dependency behavior miniport. In one embodiment, the client via the appropriate miniport protocol (e.g., Ethernet, Fibre Channel, etc.), access to the right port, and access to the network device by providing the appropriate authentication target. Centralized services, network, client, a logical unit number (LUN), portal, the miniport, the target certificate


For our first module, my group and I decided to do vlogging. We defined vlogging as a video record of someones day to day life.


A novel approach to the problem of detaching ice layers from surfaces is described. The primary problem is one of disrupting the bond of the frozen coating to the surface, at which point removal of the layer is a relatively simple matter. Some of the early methods that were examined at B. C. Research are described to show the progression which led finally to the subject technique. The use of high intensity light as the source of energy parallels the effect seen on a sunny winter's day, whereby, an ice coating exposed to the sun's rays experiences melting at the interface with the pavement surface. The advent of improved gas plasma arc lamps has provided the light intensity necessary to make this approach feasible for de-icing applications. A vehicle-mounted prototype de-icing unit that was field tested during the winter of 1977/78 is described and a brief discussion of the results and future prospects is presented. /Authors/


: The metal-free polymerization of propylene oxide (PO) using a special class of alkene—N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs)—as catalysts is described. Manipulation of the chemical structure of the NHO organocatalyst allows for the preparation of the poly(propylene oxide) in high yields with high turnover (TON > 2000), which renders this the most active metal-free system for the polymerization of PO reported to date. The resulting polyether displays predictable end groups, molar mass, and a low dispersity ((cid:216) M < 1.09). NHOs with an unsaturated backbone are essential for polymerization to occur, while substitution at the exocyclic carbon atom has an impact on the reaction pathway and ensures the suppression of side reactions. six-membered counterparts do not polymerize PO at all. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the exocyclic carbon atom is a decisive tuning site of the catalysts, and can be used to suppress undesired side reactions. Increased steric congestion and basicity, as present in NHO 4 , enabled the synthesis of well-defined PPO in a highly controlled manner, while at the same time, to the best of our knowledge, this NHO emerged as the most active organocatalyst for PO polymerization reported to date. The distinct NHO carbanionic reactivity can be expected to allow access to further highly challenging fields in organopolymerization, especially since the catalysts can be readily tailored, as shown in this study.


The field of cognitive neuroscience has advanced to the stage where inferencesωn be made as to how vocabulary knowledge is stored in semantic networks in the brain.百1Ís paper is a demonstration of how research企om the fields of psychology and cognitive neurosCÍence can be applied to language teaching pedagogy and in particular, vocabulary. 脳の中のセマンティックネットワークに、 語録知識がどのように蓄えられていくのかが、 認知神経科学の分 野において推測出来るようになった。 この論文では認知神経科学や心理学の研究成果を語学教育、 特に語舞


With the new changes in rural society in recent years,more and more farmers choose to institute legal proceedings to settle their disputes.All the courts take a variety of specific measures to protect farmers' litigation rights,but still cannot effectively change their disadvantageous positions in lawsuits.To protect farmers litigation rights,we should accelerate to eliminate the obstacles of fundamental system that infringes the rights and interests of farmers,further improve the judicial system,improve judicial service system in rural areas.


The aquatic fern Azolla spp. is of value as a bio-fertilizer for wetland paddy, and also can be used as an ideal feed for cattle, pigs and poultry. It is popular and cultivated widely in other countries like China, Vietnam, and the Philippines, but has yet to be taken up in Korea, in a big way. It fixes nitrogen as high as 3-5kg N per day, because it contains nitrogen fixing blue-green algae, Anabaena azollae. Azolla's ability to create a light-proof mat that suppresses other weeds has been used for centuries in rice production. Azolla spp. has also the capacity to take up the heavy metals (75∼100%) and may be used as a bioaccumulator. Moreover, Azolla meal as an unconventional feed resource has a potential as a feedstuff for livestock.


Most low-speed rotating equipments are large and important. Therefore, a plant will suffer substantial losses if the operation of such equipments stops because of any damage to their rolling-element bearings. This paper discusses a diagnostic method for rolling-element bearings in rotating equipments with extremely low speeds of 100rpm or less and further, it proposes a diagnostic method based on acoustic emission (AE) envelope waveform of 100kHz to 1MHz frequency. Abnormality diagnosis was performed even for a rotation number of 1rpm by improving the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by carrying out further amplification after envelope waveform processing and AE waveform amplification. Furthermore, a method for removing electric noises and an abnormality-diagnosis method based on an event-counting method in the case of extremely low-speed rotation are proposed. Further, we are manufacturing a diagnostic instrument based on this diagnostic method, and we are performing abnormality diagnosis and monitoring of on-site conditions.


A new type of hydrogen sensor is reported in which an optical fiber is used as the sensing element. The fiber is coated with palladium which expands on exposure to hydrogen. This changes the effective optical path length of the fiber, which is detected by interferometric techniques. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated the effect and suggest a high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range for this kind of sensor. The experimental results are compared to calculated optical path length changes. Application of this kind of sensor to the detection of other chemicals appears feasible.


Considerable attention has been given to the measureable differences that exist between different human populations in the size and shape of the pelvis, with Africans having a narrower pelvis than Europeans. By collecting data on sacral breadth from a South African skeletal population, this study (1) tests the hypothesis that African blacks possess a narrower pelvis than whites; (2) determines whether the size variation between blacks and white is due to nutritional, historical and social differences, to a genetic basis related to climatic adaptation, or to both; and (3) considers the influence of sexual dimorphism on pelvic size and shape. 393 individuals from the Pretoria Bone Collection (University of Pretoria, South Africa) were studied: 98 white males, 100 white females, 100 black (Bantu) males, and 95 black (Bantu) females. Measurements included anteroposterior and transverse diameters and costal process lengths of the 1st sacral and the 3rd and 5th lumbar vertebrae. White South Africans possess a significantly wider sacrum and significantly longer costal processes than black South Africans. The average maximum diameter of the sacrum was 119 mm for white males, 106.6 mm for black males, 116.7 mm for white females, and 106.4 mm for black females. Two possible interpretations of these results are addressed: (1) Size variation may be a result of nutritional differences related to socioeconomic status; or (2) it may be a result of climatic adaptation based on thermoregulatory principles (Bergmann's rule). A comparison between the sacra of South African and North American blacks and whites did not support the hypothesis that size variation is due only to nutritional differences. Whereas the United States and South Africa share a history of racial segregation, they differ in that this racial segregation is not strictly correlated with nutritional or socioeconomic status in North America, but is so in South Africa. Nevertheless, the sacra of whites are wider in both populations. This comparison did, however, provide some support for the interpretation that size variation in the sacrum is a result of long‐term adaptation to climate. Unlike short‐term variation in stature due to nutritional or socioeconomic status, the wider sacrum of whites and the narrower sacrum of blacks reveals a longer evolutionary history. Hence, this study provides a possible explanation for the origin of metric differences between phenotypic populations according to latitude.


The accurate estimation of state-of-charge (SOC) is one of the most important core functions of a battery management system (BMS), which provides the essential information needed for battery management, monitoring, and status analysis. In this paper, an AC impedance based method is proposed for the accurate estimation of the SOC of a Li-ion battery. First, a 1kHz sinusoidal ripple was injected into a 18650 Li-ion battery and the AC impedance values were measured at 0% to 100% charging status at 10% increments. The correlation between SOC and AC impedance was then determined by linear regression. When it comes to practical application, a sinusoidal ripple is simply superposed into the charge/discharge source. The AC voltage and current of the battery is used to calculate the AC impedance, and this allows a fairly accurate estimation of the battery SOC. Final validation using a power analyzer and actual measurement showed the average error of SOC estimation to be within 4%. This encouraging result showed the proposed method can provide a simple and practical solution for online estimation of the SOC of Li-ion batteries.


Financial literacy is essential knowledge that everyone should acquire to make effective financial decisions. The quality of one's life is frequently determined by one's finances. Every financial choice is occasionally impacted by a circumstance in our lives. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the reability and validity of the research instrument on the factors that affect the level of financial literacy of students at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). This research use a quantitative method to determine the factors that affect financial literacy. Researchers employ a stratified selection approach and simple random sampling technique to choose respondents. In this pilot study, the researcher used a minimum sample size of 30 respondents. The questionnaire is adapted from previous studies and distributed through Google form via email and Whatsapp. The data is collected and analyzed using the software tool Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The findings of this pilot test show that Cronbach alpha is 0.942. This result show that the instrument is realiable and valid to use in the real study.


In general, I thought that this was an excellent paper, with some very useful ideas on how to improve the rigor of the analytical process of determining whether dumping and injury are likely to continue or recur if antidumping duties are removed in the context of a sunset review. In this brief comment, I note some of my concerns with the entire process of sunset reviews – could there ever be an analytically satisfactory way of assessing the likelihood of recurring dumping and injury? In addition, I include a few comments on the overall approach of the WTO Appellate Body in the sunset review cases it has decided, to date, on the usefulness and proper interpretation of the so-called mandatory–discretionary distinction in 'as such' challenges to antidumping measures, and on the Appellate Body's treatment of the Panel's analysis of the US Sunset Policy Bulletin. The paper essentially argues for a greater use of econometric models in the determination of whether dumping and injury are likely to recur. As noted, I think that this introduces more, desirable rigor into a process that would benefit therefrom. As such, it is a useful proposal. However, I think that there are very basic problems with the whole idea of the sunset review process. While improving the rigor of that process is laudable, it may be ultimately unsatisfying because the process itself is bankrupt. Essentially, the sunset review process tries to predict the likelihood that dumping and injury will recur if antidumping duties imposed five years earlier are removed. I think that is virtually unknowable, and any attempt at such a prediction is pure speculation. Consider the key factor in making such a prediction: How will the foreign producers/exporters behave if the antidumping duties are removed? While it would be interesting to know why they dumped in the first instance, the market conditions and other factors that led them to do so all World Trade Review (2008), 7 : 1, 299–303 Printed in the United Kingdom f William J. Davey doi:10.1017/S1474745607003588


This study develops an original and innovative matrix representation with respect to the information flow for networked multi‐agent system. To begin with, the general concepts of the edge Laplacian of digraph are proposed with its algebraic properties. Benefit from this novel graph‐theoretic tool, we can build a bridge between the consensus problem and the edge agreement problem, we also show that the edge Laplacian sheds a new light on solving the leaderless consensus problem. Based on the edge agreement framework, the technical challenges caused by unknown but bounded disturbances and inherently nonlinear dynamics can be well handled. In particular, we design an integrated procedure for a new robust consensus protocol that is based on a blend of algebraic graph theory and the newly developed cyclic‐small‐gain theorem. Besides, to highlight the intricate relationship between the original graph and cyclic‐small‐gain theorem, the concept of edge‐interconnection graph is introduced for the first time. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A distributed architecture provides the location of wireless transmitters to mobile devices for positioning, the location determined from, e.g., crowdsourcing and wardriving. A server receives location data for wireless transmitters, such as an access point, a femtocell, Bluetooth Transmitter, radio-frequency identification (RFID) and near-field communication (NFC) station etc., from mobile devices. The server determines the locations of the wireless transmitters using the location data and provides the locations to the respective wireless transmitters. The wireless transmitters broadcast their identities and locations. Thus, a mobile device may receive the location directly from the wireless transmitter, eliminating the requirement of contacting a central server and downloading a regional almanac for positioning. This eliminates in a large number of scenarios the need to have data connectivity at the time of position calculation. Additionally, the wireless transmitters may transmit validation data to the server to validate or invalidate the determined location.


Classic acoustic tomography uses controlled sound sources to probe the ocean for its physical properties. Instead, passive ocean acoustic tomography aims at using natural noise sources, such as wind induced noise, wave noise, or shipping noise with the scope of inverting for the ocean and/or bottom geophysical properties. Most studies found in the literature make use of ambient noise and sea surface wind generated noise, to invert bottom parameters in shallow water regions. Recently, another approach used shipping noise as illuminating signals to invert for water column parameters [Jesus et al., Conference on Acoustic Variability, Lerici (Italy), September 2002]. In that work, a focalization process was used to simultaneous invert known geometrical and unknown environmental parameters. In particular it was shown that known geometrical parameters such as source range and depth, and receiving array geometry, could be used as focus and out of focus indicators. During the focus periods, estimated water column parameters favorably compared to independently measured values. One of the diculties found with the shipping noise was the low received power and the dicult y to determine a sucien t number of stable frequencies. In the present work, the received signal is used to deconvolve the source power, and thus obtain a full-spectrum weighting function for optimum frequency combination during the focalization process. Results obtained in the same ship noise data set have shown an certain improvement where a stable localization and inversion could be seen throughout the run.


Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the major cause of chronic and persistent hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and accordingly main reason for liver transplantation needs. In fact, only a small fraction (20%-30%) of the infected people resolve from the acute phase of HCV infection while majority develop the chronic state which may finally end up with adverse liver diseases (cirrhosis and HCC). Around 170 Million individuals are infected with HCV and at least 350,000 people die each year from this infection while there is no approved vaccine available against this threatening infection to date [1,2].


Objective American blood cell separator was used to compare the efficiency of Auto PBSC tunnel with the MNC leukocyte tunnel in peripheral blood stem cells collection.Methods Fourty six donors and patients(64 times)were selected who received peripheral blood stem cells collection.Among them incuded 21 persons(31 times,with average age of 32.75±10.26)with Auto PBSC tunnel and 25 persons(33 times,with average age of 31.47±14.21)with the MNC leukocyte tunnel.The two groups were compared for MNC,CD+cell counts,efficiency and vilume of collected products,RBC and platelet contents,bleeding tendency,and adverse reaction.Results No significant difference was seen in MNC,CD+cell counts,efficiency of collected products,RBC and platelet contents.The volume of the collected products in MNC leukocyte group was superior to that of Auto PBSC tunnel group.No bleeding tendency was observed in all donors except that 5 cases were found to have slightly abnormal reaction.Conclusion There is no difference of efficiency in collection of the peripheral blood stem cells with both Auto PBSC tunnel and MNC leukocyte tunnel although the former shows advantage of ecomomy and safty over the latter when the products need to be stored in ultralow temperature.


This thesis explores the free-space experimental implementation and monolithic adaptation of the Equality subsystem from a parallel relational database optical machine called the Multi-Wavelength Optical Content-Addressable Parallel Processor (MWOCAPP). MW-OCAPP uses a novel polarizationand wavelength-encoding scheme to achieve an input/output-limited experimental peak bit comparison rate of 96,000/sec. Recognizing the severe diffraction-limit penalty for using a free-space optical processor with relatively long path lengths, a system based on guided-wave optics called the Equivalency Processing Parallel Photonic Integrated Circuit (EP^IC) was developed. Although algorithmically identical to MW-OCAPP's equality operation, EP^IC's peak bit comparison rate for a similarly configured machine is over six orders of magnitude f^ter. It achieves this substantial performance advantage by making use of integrated high speed detectors and electro-optic modulators. This integrated circuit solution provides relatively low-power operation, fast switching speed, a compact system footprint, vibration tolerance, and a design that is highly manufacturable.


Tamblingan Lake is a volcanic lake located in the caldera of  Mount Lesung a rain-fed lake in a confined endorheic basin and there is no inflow or outflow. Nyalian is a type of fish from the Cyprinidae family that is  quite common compared to other fish in its class in Tamblingan Lake. Information on the growth and distribution of these fish parameters in Tamblingan Lake does not exist. This study aims to analyze and explain the growth patterns of  Barbodes binotatus, especially the length-weight relationship, condition factor, and their distribution in the waters of  Tamblingan Lake. The research was conducted in Tamblingan Lake from January to June 2019 using a modify gill nets with the mesh size  0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 in centimeter. The sampling done in five locations. The length-weight relationship analysis used the power regression. The fish sample found was 204 individuals during the study with a range of total length was 5.2 – 15.0 cm. The equation of length-weight relationship is W = 0.0051 L3.387. The value of b formed based on this equation is 3.387 with a positive allometric growth pattern.The condition factor values ranged from 0.587 to 1.246. Barbodes binotatus spread in the litoral area where there are many aquatic plants. This information of nyalian fish could use as the basis for fish resource management in Tamblingan Lake.


We propose a new approach to querying the Web based on information retrieval (IR), browsing, as well as database techniques so as to provide maximum exibility to the user. We present a model based on object representation where an identity does not correspond to a source HTML page but to a fragment of it. A fragment is identiied by using the explicit structure provided by the HTML tags as well as the implicit structure extracted using IR techniques. We deene a query language, PIQL, that is a simple algebra extended with restructuring primitives. Our language expresses browsing and restructuring based on IR techniques in a uniied framework. All these components take part in the AKIRA system, currently under development.


Introduction Before the 2SCALE intervention The dairy sector in Kenya is characterized by a high level of organization and interdependence between stakeholders in the value chain and strong market competition between different actors. Different companies in dairy processing and retailing compete with each other for the supply of milk, a large proportion of which comes from smallholder producers. Over 80 % of all cattle in Kenya is estimated to be owned by households who own on average 1-3 cows each. 45 % of all milk produced is for home consumption, while the remaining 55 % is traded. Of the traded milk, 88 % is traded as raw, untreated milk to neighbors and 12 % is traded on the formal market. The formal retail market is nevertheless well developed and pasteurized milk reaches consumers through a range of retail outlets, from small 2SCALE consortium


First I provide some history of how the equation E=mc2 arose, establish what "mass" means in the context of this relation, and present some aspects of how the relation can be understood. Then I address the question, Does E=mc2 mean that one can "convert mass into energy" and vice versa?


Most of the low-income, under-educated mothers in rural areas of Sri Lanka are disadvantaged and unable to provide their children with a healthy home environment, guidance, or the material support required for their children's education. This study hypothesized that educating low-income, under-educr.ted mothers to develop their own literacy skills would enhance their capacities to develop their children's language competencies. The sample consisted of 20 low-income, under-educated mothers whose children were in grade 2 in the village of Uyanwatta in the District of Kandy in Sri Lanka. Literacy development activities related to 4 major components of language development were conducted with the mothers for 8 weeks. The mothers' skill development was measured by a 5-point Likert-type rating scale and by observations made by 4 observers on mother-child interaction activities. The data revealed that educating low-income, under-educated mothers to develop their literacy skills enhanced their capaci,ies to assist their children's language development to a greater level in listening and speaking than in writing and reading. (Contains 42 references.) (Author/SD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Parent-Child Literacy 1 Running head: PARENT-CHILD LITERACY INTERVENTION E C\ U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATOR Office of Ecrochonal RSitarch and Immvinnr E DUCA TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AhtS 00cumenl has been rDrOdoCad SS ecetvon from the person 0, OfglintZetiOn orttginattng tt Who, changes have been made tO imptOvIl reproduChon Quaid), Potnts of vie*, Or Optntons stated tnthtt,00Curnent do not neceSsarily represnt OEEtCtid OE NI posthon or pOltcy Parent-Child Literacy Intervention in a Family Development Project in Sri Lanka


Polarities of plasma charging damage in n- and p-channel MOSFETs with Hf-based high-k gate stack (HfAlOx/SiO2) were studied for two different plasma sources (Ar-and Cl-based gas mixtures), and found to depend on plasma conditions, in contrast to those with conventional SiO2. For Ar-plasma, which was confirmed to induce a larger charging damage, both n- and p-ch MOSFETs with high-k gate stacks suffer from negative charge trapping, whereas for Cl-plasma confirmed to induce less damage, both n- and p-ch MOSFETs with high-k gate stacks suffer from positive charge trapping, i.e., the direction of threshold voltage (Vt) shift depends on plasma sources and a amount of charging damage. From the results of constant-current stress tests, the present unique Vt shifts were attributed to the characteristic hole and electron trapping phenomena, implying the necessity of taking the intrinsic charge trapping process into consideration for accurate evaluations of charging damage on high-k gate dielectrics.


The purpose of this study was to measure changes in the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the mature breast milk of Jordanian mothers during the first 6 months after giving birth between exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) mothers and non‐exclusively breastfeeding (non‐EBF) mothers.


With the entry into the 21st century,brands are facing more danger of information broadcast with new age features.So we should adopt new tactics for the crises in the Internet time: supervision,communication,disposal,and attitude.


Simple Summary There appears to be a rapid expansion of dairy goat farming in the United States and the information available to producers on health, welfare, and production applicable to those in the Midwestern US is limited. This study intended to survey 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US to provide insight into husbandry practices pertaining to health, welfare, and production, and to identify areas of future research. Pain relief for disbudding and castration, education and training programs, early kid management, and hoof trimming were identified as potential areas of future research. This study provided insight into the husbandry practices carried out on 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US and areas of research to improve health and welfare. Abstract Dairy goat production in the Midwestern United States is increasing at a rapid rate and information on dairy goat husbandry practices applicable for producers in this region is limited. The objective of this study was to survey 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US to provide insight into husbandry practices pertaining to health, welfare, and production, and to identify areas of future research. A questionnaire was developed and comprised 163 questions that were organized into categories including information on the producer (e.g., farming experience), staff, and goats (e.g., herd size, breed), housing, feeding and nutrition, milking practices and production, kid management, husbandry practices (e.g., disbudding, castration, hoof trimming), and health. Areas of future research that can improve goat health, production and welfare include pain relief for husbandry practices such as disbudding and castration, early kid management during birth to prevent illness/disease or mortality (e.g., warm and dry areas for kid rearing), eradication programs for common contagious diseases, training programs and education for claw trimming, disbudding, and udder health. In conclusion, this study provided insight into the husbandry practices carried out on 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US and areas of research to improve health and welfare.


b Bloomberg Financial Markets, IBM-house ( IOth floor), 2 Wei:::mann Street, Tel-Aviv 61336, Israel c Parayon Decision Technology B. V, P. 0. Box 3277, 2001 DG Haarlem, The Netherlands d Dulhousie University, Canada "Pinter Consul tiny Ser rices, 129 Glenforest Drive, Halifc1x, N. S., Canada B3 M JJ2 Received 9 November 1998 The objective of this work is to provide a methodology for approximating globally optimal Fekete point configurations. This problem is of interest in numerical mathematics and scientific modeling. Following a brief discussion of the analytical background, Lipschitz global optimization (LOO) is applied to detem1ine i.e., to numerically approximate Fekete point configurations. Next to this optimization approach, an alternative strategy by formulating a set of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) of index 2 will be considered. The steady states of the DAEs coincide with the optima of the function to be minimized. Illustrative numerical results with configurations of up to 150 Fekete points are presented, to show the viability of both approaches. @ 2001 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. MSC: 65K30; 90C05; 90C3 l; 65L05 Keyu•ords: Elliptic Fekete points; Lipschitz global optimization; LOO program system; DAE solvers; !VP algorithms; Numerical examples *Correspondence address. Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Cluster Modelling, Anal. Sim., P.O. Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, Netherlands. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (J.J.B. de Swart). 1 With financial support of the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, Grant CWI22.2695. 2 With financial support of the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, Grant CWI22.2703. 3 With financial support of the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, Grant CWI55.3638. 0377-0427/01/$-see front matter@ 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S0377-0427(99 )00382-9


In the early 1530s Paul Lautensack began to express his unconventional theological views in highly complex drawings, which by 1535 were integrated into diagrams. The small fields give names of biblical Books and Ancestors of Christ, whereas the larger sections present biblical quotations, which break off in mid-sentence, with a letter in a circle and an isolated noun written in bold as the heading. Drawings show single stars and candlesticks as well as two scenes from Revelation. This diagram shows that Lautensack handled his grids very freely. Each page is divided into three horizontal blocks, and each of these blocks has two halves with similar structures. Lautensack regarded writing his tracts as 'unlocking' the Bible, as revealing its hidden meaning through a restructuring of the text but without adding human comments. This chapter explains Lautensack's groups of single words.Keywords: Ancestors of Christ; biblical Books; biblical quotations; Paul Lautensack's diagrams; Paul Lautensack's single words


The Otavalo city is the responsible to create legends in the people about the origins of emblematic characters between the persons, besides having mores and traditions of a beautiful culture. This has been losing over time, but measures have been taken for years creating and financing projects,that people remember their culture, thus raising to expose and project, audiovisual material that guard to objective of save the culture and mores. Even though, it was years ago that they gave this initiative, you can still encourage people who are passionate about art to create material that inspire and remember that traditions and cultures legends that make the Otavalo city a beautiful and mystical place.


In this paper, the (Zn1-xYx)3V2O8 and (Zn1-xEux)3V2O8 phosphors were successfully prepared by high temperature solid state method. The effect of the doping amount of Y3+ and Eu3+ on the luminescent properties of phosphors was discussed. The phase, surface morphology and luminescent properties of the phosphors were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The results show that the phosphor is the target product, the sample of the composite particles is bulky, the excitation spectral range of (Zn1-xYx)3V2O8 phosphors is 300-400nm, the excitation peak is at 361nm, and (Zn1-xYx)3V2O8 phosphor emission spectra in the range of 420-690nm, the emission peak in 559nm. The results show that the crystal structure of Zn3V2O8 and (Zn1-xEux)3V2O8 were the same, and the particle uniformity of (Zn1-xEux)3V2O8 was better than Zn3V2O8. The emission band Zn3V2O8 and (Zn1-xEux)3V2O8 were present at the wave length of 420-690 nm, the luminescence property of (Zn1-xEux)3V2O8 was enhance by Eu-doped.