We are writing to express our concerns regarding the editorial process involved in the publication of the above article. As outlined below, the article is fundamentally flawed in presentation and logic, and the results have been further misrepresented by the BMJ in its own press release. The BMJ is highly regarded and anything published by the BMJ is likely to be taken as fact by journalists and the public. It is therefore crucial that the BMJ operates with the highest levels of peer review scrutiny and editorial comment. Depression in young people is under-diagnosed (1) and under treated. Parents often may feel conflicted or guilty. Suicide is a highly emotional topic and the claim that anti-depressants increase suicide in young people is likely to cause untold worry and potential harm to young people. It is likely that some young people will stop taking their medication and thus increase the risk of harm, and that others will not start taking anti-depressant medication because they believe it will do more harm than good. To limit this damage we ask the BMJ to review their press release headline, and publish a statement to correct the factual errors that have been made. We note a number of specific instances where the peer review process apparently failed to identify errors and inconsistencies in the research report. Of particular note we highlight two problems: 1. The term 'suicide' is used in the discussion when in fact the data concerned refer to 'suicidal behaviour'. This is a hugely important difference. The data presented shows there were no instances of suicide in children or adolescents. 2. The authors state that it is known that anti-depressants increase the risk of suicide in children and adolescents, which is not factually correct. The references cited do not support this. In addition to problems with the paper itself the BMJ press release then presented the research in a misleading way, stating that the study showed that anti-depressants doubled the risk of suicide in children. Neither the paper itself or the editorial provided important contextual information which is critical to an interpretation of the study. Of particular importance is that fact that of the five antidepressants mentioned in the article, only two (fluoxetine and sertraline) are currently recommended by NICE (the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) for the treatment of depression in young people. Two of the five (paroxetine and venlafaxine) have been contra-indicated for use in children and adolescents by NICE since 2005. There appears to be little in this paper that is new. Numerous meta-analyses have commented on the poor quality of available data, and also expressed concerns that we do not have data on the most severely depressed and suicidal young people who have been excluded from trials (e.g. (2, 3)). They have also noted the small increased risk of suicidality with SSRIs consistent with previous analyses, and NICE guidelines appropriately recommend close monitoring. It is well established that under-treating depression in children and young people is linked to suicides. For example, a review of 574 youth suicides reported that only 1.6% had been exposed to antidepressants (4). Young people need access to a range of individualised evidence based treatments. The possible risks of harm from antidepressants (or psychological therapy) must always be balanced against the benefits of treatment and the elevated risk of suicide in severe, untreated depression. We fully support the call for transparent data and better monitoring of adverse events in all trials including psychological treatment trials. These trials have not been held to the same degree of scrutiny, despite evidence that psychotherapy may also cause harm (5, 6). Language: en


Background: Solar urticaria is a rare photosensitivity disorder characterized by the rapid onset of a pruritic, erythematous and urticarial rash following sun‐exposure. The action spectrum and degree of photosensitivity have been observed to change over time in several isolated reports.


ABSTRACT Hydrogen redistribution under stress-induced hydrogen diffusion and corresponding fracture behaviour of a 960 MPa grade martensitic steel were studied. Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests after hydrogen pre-charging were performed and the fracture surface was observed and analysed. The strain rate ranged from 10−6 to 10−4 s−1. In the pre-charged sample with a certain hydrogen content of 0.62 ppm, hydrogen distribution was homogeneous before the SSRT test. After tensile testing, brittle fracture features appeared in the centre of the fracture surface, while ductile features appeared in the surrounding area. Brittle region size increased with the strain rate slowing down in the range from 10−4 to 5 × 10−6 s−1, while it stabilised at the strain rate slower than 5 × 10−6 s−1. Relationship between the strain rate and the brittle region size was established and discussed based on the present data of hydrogen content in the material. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Hydrogen in Metallic Alloys


The silver ionic cluster Ag{sub 4}{sup n+}, formed by H{sub 2} reduction silver-exchanged zeolite rho at room temperature, is detected by electron spin resonance (ESR). When a reduced sample is heated at 373 K under vacuum, ESR shows that two sizes of silver metal particles are formed. A large particle is formed on the external surface of the zeolite while smaller particles are formed inside the {alpha}-cage of the zeolite structure. ESR and far-infrared spectra demonstrate that transformation between silver ionic clusters and silver metal particles can be cycled by reduction and oxidation reactions.


This annotated bibliography is an intended guide on the topic of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and will assist the reader in navigating through information on ICH. Currently available at the FERNE website is a series of lecture material on neurological emergencies including ICH. FERNE supports physicians in continuing their professional education and offers an online ICH CME program. Please visit the following link for further information on the ICH CME program,


We need to face up to the problems in teaching ABC of Law: valuing knowledge impartation more than quality cultivation, valuing examination marks more than awareness education, valuing theory teaching more than practical training, and being distracted by judicial corruption in the society. We must update our thinking and concepts, attach importance to practical work, be clear about our teaching purpose, make innovations in our teaching ideas, optimize the contents of courses, reform teaching methods, and activate the teaching process. Only by doing so, can we enhance the practical effects of law awareness education among college students.


The most common causes of parkinsonism are degenerative and irreversible. Structural causes of reversible parkinsonism are exceptionally rare, but have been reported in association with deep cerebral venous thrombosis and dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). We now report a case of parkinsonian syndrome reversed by treatment of a dural arteriovenous malformation.


The students' academic performance is the key element for both learners and teachers in examining the educational objectives for all subjects. This work is entitled "Factors contributing to Students' Academic Performance in Biology State Examination at Upper Secondary Schools in Gitega commune, Burundi" explores the factors that influence the students' academic performance in biology national examination, particularly in Gitega commune. All school directors, laboratory, and library staff, and six senior students who did biology national examination over five school years from 2016 to 2020 in all upper secondary schools with Biology-Chemistry and Earth sciences combination formed a study population. The stratified sampling technique to carry out this correlational study for choosing the upper secondary schools from urban and rural school areas. This study covered 12 upper secondary schools, 12 library staff and 3 laboratory staff, and 1961 senior six students who were selected purposively according to the above learning combination six in 1961 senior students over five consecutive school years (2016 to 2020) as a sample. The instruments used for collecting data were questionnaires and the document review checklist. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear Regression test were used to analyze the collected data and the interpretation was guided by a literature review. The findings of this study indicated that teachers' academic qualifications were inversely associated with the students' academic performance whereas the teachers' professional qualifications and students' academic performance were also negatively linked. Also, there was statistically a significant association between teaching experience and students' academic performance while professional training of biology Teachers are significantly associated with students' academic performance. Other contributing factors to students' academic achievement such as physical facilities (laboratory, library, staff room, computer lab and biology textbooks were significantly and positively linked with students' academic performance. Based on these findings, recommendations were made.


One Jesus, Many Christs: How Jesus Inspired Not One True Christianity, But Many: The Truth About Christian Origins, by Gregory J. Riley. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1997. Pp. viii + 228. $22.00. Given the numerous, diverse, and even contradictory portraits of Jesus offered by the early Christians, how can one explain Christianity's success in winning over the Roman world? This fundamental question is the starting point of Riley's analysis, and within the book he seeks to elucidate both the diversity and unity of early Christianity. This is an admirable project in light of recent tendencies to ignore, downplay, or marginalize either early Christian diversity or any unity to the early Christian movement(s). The source of early Christianity's diversity lies in the diverse thought worlds and cultural backgrounds of the earliest Christians themselves and in the even more diverse set of cultures to which their message was brought. But the core of Christianity -what inspired ultimate loyalty on the part of Jesus' followers-was not doctrinal consistency, Riley asserts. Rather, he argues, the center that held Christians together lies in the forgotten ancient category of the hero: "We no longer recognize the essential aspect of the story of Jesus that caught the imaginations of those who first heard about him . . . the story of Jesus, even with its Jewish and Eastern content, fulfilled the most important cultural ideals in antiquity, those of the hero, from Achilles on down" (pp. 16-18). The ancient hero possessed remarkable talents and his destiny was intertwined with the fate of many others; the hero had antagonistic relationships with both a god and with human rulers; in these conflicts the character of the hero was tested, and the character of those who encountered him was simultaneously put to the test; the hero usually suffered an agonizing death at a young age, but gained the prize of immortality and the role of protector of and example to the living (chapter 3). The earliest stories of Jesus, we are told, were based on just such a pattern of life (chapter 4). The diversity of Christian affirmations about Jesus, however, stems from early Christians' differing concepts of the nature of God and thus of the relationship of the hero Jesus to divinity (chapter 5). Christianity's innovative contribution to the concept of the hero is what Riley calls the democratizing effect of Jesus' relationship with God (p. 79): All Christians (e.g., Paul in chapter 6, the martyrs in chapter 7) can become heroes as well. The sensationalist title aside, in One Jesus, Many Christs Riley presents the reader with a panoramic survey of the religious thought world of the early Christians, tracing its origins from Homer and Hesiod in the West, to Persian dualism and Israelite thought in the East. Throughout Riley demonstrates his comprehensive knowledge and facility with classical as well as Christian sources. There is much to be applauded in Riley's calling our attention to the ancient hero and its relevance for understanding early Christian reactions to Jesus; as he well shows, early Christian stories about Jesus reflect heroic characteristics and even writers such as Justin acknowledged the similarities (p. …


The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the BeilinsonBernstein localization theorem. It is a major result which introduced new geometric methods into representation theory. The theorem led to advances such as the resolution of the Kazhdan-Lusztig conjectures and is an important starting point of modern geometric representation theory. The fundamental example of sl2 will be developed through the paper in the hopes of giving the reader a concrete idea of what is happening behind the theory.


The way of TG—DTG analysis and therm analysis(DTA)was used to study the characteristics of the pyrolysis and combustion of dyeing sludge,and have an inspect on the effect of temperature speed on them.The results obtained are as following:both pyrolysis and combustion of dyeing sludge had four degradation stages,where there were some different characteristics between them after 250 ℃:the third stage during combustion had the distinct combustion of fixed carbon,and a part of weight loss was brought forward as the combustion of volatile matters during the last stage;simultaneously,the faster temperature speed was,the bigger the range temperature inside and outside of dyeing sludge was.Therefore it made the agravic peaks of them have a bit hysteresis.The characteristics of pyrolysis and combustion were related to each other,but different,and had a great impact on the methods of dyeing sludge.


The results of studies of the effect of plant extracts of cruciferous on the growth of soybeans phytopathogenes and change their morphology presented. It is shown that the aqueous extracts mustard, horseradish, radish soybean inhibit growth of pathogens and cause their macro and micro morphological disorders such as lack of pigment, lysis of cell walls, and others.


A new pulse width modulation (PWM) method for a current-sourced high frequency (HF) ac link inverter is proposed. Many different modulation techniques for voltage sourced HF ac link inverters have been previously investigated in the literature, but modulation methods for current sourced HF ac link inverters are less studied. The PWM and the commutation techniques that are developed for a voltage sourced HF-link are not applicable for a current-sourced HF ac link inverter. Therefore, in this paper, a new PWM method is proposed and the operation principles of a current sourced HF ac link inverter are deeply analyzed. The reasons why this method is suitable for a current sourced HF ac link inverter is discussed in detail as well. The new PWM method is simulated using MATLAB-Simulink.


The article introduces the memories of E. A. Bikmemetev about childhood in rural areas of Udmurtia during the Great Patriotic War. They describe the rural daily life of the rear region, the cares and aspirations of rural children, and personal attitudes to various aspects of reality. Based on the memories, the conclusion is made about the importance and prospects of oral history, a new research area. Oral sources are of particular importance in the creation of local and regional studies, in the study of issues of culture and life of people, personal history and socio-psychological issues. They allow us to understand the mentality of the so-called "common people", which is often not available in written sources. Prospects for the development of oral history should be determined not by its opposition to traditional historiography, but by their close cooperation and interaction, while maintaining relative autonomy.


The world is searching to find alternatives to fossil fuels. The main criteria for an ideal future fuel are cleanliness, inexhaustibility, and independence from foreign control. Hydrogen fuel has indicated all these characteristics and is promoted worldwide as an environmentally friendly replacement for fossil fuels in the industrial and transportation sectors.


Analysis of geographic and geopolitical situation, relief, climate, and economics as factors of resourceand recreation potential is presented. The conclusion is drawn regarding the Novosibirsk region natural resources utilization. Some examples of comfortable well-organized recreation centers and sanatoriums in Novosibirsk region are given.


Abstract The scattering of waves by a buried object is often obscured by the clutter around it. Such clutter can be attributed to the scattering by random rough surfaces and random discrete scatterers. Recent studies show that, because of the memory effect, the angular correlation function can suppress the effects of clutter and make the scattering by the buried object more conspicuous. In this paper, we study the angular correlation function of wave scattering by a buried object underneath a layer of random discrete scatterers and a non-Gaussian random rough surface. Such problems are common when the target is buried below a rough surface that is underneath a layer of vegetation. Numerical results are illustrated for various parameters of rough surfaces and discrete scatterers. The angular correlation function is calculated by frequency and angular averaging. It is shown that the use of the angular correlation function can enhance target detection in the presence of clutter.


We systematically analyzed the observing data of precursor items data before and after the 2001 Kunlunshang Pass M 8.1 Earthquake occurred in the observing network of Sichuan province.Our analysses whow that the changes of precursor items data reflect the effect of earthquake preparation and post earthquake.The amplitudes of changes are big and easy to distinguish from.


Hunter and Davison (1982) observed.how pigeons supplied labor by pecking on discs connected to devices allowing access to food. Both the devices and the forces needed to depress the discs were varied widely. This paper models the pigeons' choice problems as a neo-classical type of labor allocation problem. It estimates the paths containing the least effortful allocations of pecks for given total rates of access to food and compares the subjects' actual choices for proximity to the efficient choices. The estimated efficiency levels are high, supporting the neo-classical model. Also shown is that the neo-classical model predicts that the subjects' behavior should be consistent with the melioration model of choice, an alternative model of choice advocated by some psychologists. Copyright 1992 by Royal Economic Society.


56 undergraduates took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and recorded a memory and a daydream. The latter two products were scored for seven characteristics. Interaction of personality variables and imagery were significant over-all; e.g., feeling types reported more vivid memories, extraverts showed more positive emotional tone in memories, and feeling types showed more intense emotional tone, etc. Memories were more vivid than daydreams. Analysis generated new hypotheses.


In this experiment,clay loam,fine sand and silt loam from the farmland,floodplain and Loess platform in Changchun seperately were chosen for the matrix to study the stability and mobility of soil colloids based on physicochemical property through laboratory simulation.The study showed that the critical flocculation concentration(CFC) of the three kinds of colloids were negatively proportional to the content of illite and montmorillonite,and CFC reduced with the increase of mineral content,which might be due to illite/smectite minerals which are easy to flocculate and lead to higher hydration of the driving force and instability.De-iron colloid of farmland increased stability but for loess platform and floodplain reduce stability for different changing of property after removing the free iron cxide.After removing organic,de-organic colloids of farmland,floodplain and Loess platform reduce CFC,and the reduced degree are negatively proportional to the content of organic.


While predominant views within party fragmentation literature suggest the importance of the sociological and institutional hypothesis, the Indonesian case provides a new perspective on the issue at hand. Using district-level elections, this article recognizes the weight of existing perspectives, but posits the need to empirically assess the effect of certain seat apportionment methods in the proportional representation system—a much under-explored argument within the literature. This article shows that Indonesia's methods for allocating seats, the Hare and Sainte-Laguë methods, have been relatively benign in creating party fragmentation. Yet the latter method has been more favorable for small parties due to its deeper bent toward the disproportionality of votes. Additionally, given that major parties often perform unevenly across district elections, the nature of party competition at local politics has greatly diverged from that of the national arena. This article argues that this diversity has been driven partly by the strong influence of ethnic and geographical dispersion, making it hard for major parties to preside over local politics. Thus the concept of party nationalization hardly exists, and party fragmentation could be the default of the party system at local politics in Indonesia for years to come.


The UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST) of the Anglo-Australian Observatory completed a narrow-band Hplus (NII) 6548, 6584u survey of the Southern Galactic Plane and Magellanic Clouds in late 2003. The survey, which was the last UKST wide-field pho- tographic survey, and the only one undertaken in a narrow band, is now an on-line digital data product of the Wide-Field Astronomy Unit of the Royal Observatory Ed- inburgh (ROE). The survey utilised a high specification, monolithic Hinterference band-pass filter of exceptional quality. In conjunction with the fine grained Tech-Pan film as a detector it has produced a survey with a powerful combination of area cover- age (4000 square degrees), resolution (∼1 arcsecond) and sensitivity (≤5 Rayleighs), reaching a depth for continuum point sources of R ≃ 20.5. The main survey consists


We present a version of Vorticity Transport Equation solely depending upon the vorticity (instead of a vorticity velocity or vorticity streamfunction as other authors). This version is based in the use of Teodorescu transform and we show the use of its numerical version.


The physical examination revealed a slightly indurated tumor measuring 2 cm on the left buttock. The lesion had 2 components: a pink erythematous component with a vascular appearance and a white-yellowish scale-crust, and a second component with brown pigmentation (Fig. 1). Dermoscopic examination showed polymorphous (dotted and hairpin) vessels surrounded by a whitish halo in the vascularized component and brown pigment with peripheral projections that did not radiate from the center of the lesion or form a specific dermoscopic pattern in the pigmented component (Fig. 2). An excisional biopsy was performed to check for melanoma and pigmented basal cell carcinoma (BCC).


The twenty-first century has borne witness to a steadily increasing pattern of global interdependence, a keystone of which has been the progressive and seemingly inescapable conjoining of economic activity throughout the world. This trajectory has been amplified by the role being paid by technology of all forms, but most especially (perhaps!) those that link information, computing, communication, and automation. Whereas, 20-some years ago, David Harvey's judgment that contemporary globalization had resulted in the annihilation of time and space seemed perhaps to border on overstatement, today it is a proposition that few would contest (1990). Situated in the center of this transformation is the nature of work in economies of all stripes, as these forces of change rapidly inf luence the kinds of work being done, where, and by whom. Closely linked to these phenomena is the myriad of ties that link education at all levels with what we can more appropriately term the "worlds of work." It is also true, that there remains a digital divide that shuts out over 60 percent of the world that does not participate in those aspects of globalization that require this form of technology. This fact has significant implications for the link between learning and work (see Internet World Stats, available online at http://www.internetworldstats. com/stats.htm ).


Professor QIU Jun-ping is a famous intelligence and evaluation expert,and he is also one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics in China.The domains of his work are quite extensive and the main topics focus on several aspects,such as bibliometrics and scientometrics,information management and knowledge management,economic information and competition information,webmetrics,science evaluation and university evaluation.He is diligent in studying and has the courage to make innovation.His pioneer work has made great contributions for the development of library information and information management.


Advanced signal processing tools can provide significant information on power systems. In this field of research, the present paper illustrates a time-frequency analysis to detect some properties of the power required by different types of users. Fourier and Wavelet transforms, in particular, are the numerical instruments to reveal the periodicity of the power signals and their stationarity. Results point out that different types of users are characterized by different sets of non-stationary frequency contributions, which can identify the typology of user.


Nanocrystalline BaMoO4 was synthesized through auto-ignited combustion technique. The X-ray diffraction studies of BaMoO4 nanoparticles reveals that the as-prepared powder is single phase, crystalline, and has tetragonal structure. The average particle size of the as-prepared powder from transmission electron microscopic is found to be 22nm. The thermal stability of the nano powder was examined using thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The band gap determined from absorption spectra is 3.20eV.Photoluminescence spectra of the samples shows green emission peak. The dielectric constant and loss factor of the sample at 1 MHz is found to be 9.75 and 1.38×10−2 at room temperature.


This research reviewed the developmental process of domestic outdoor wear and later analyzed the images given out by men's outdoor wear. The research results are as follows. First, military supplies left by American soldiers were dyed or reformed and then worn, and daily wear were mainly worn in the 1960s. Wears made from light and waterproof materials were worn and equipments were used in the 1970s. High functioning materials which allowed simultaneous breathability, waterproof and thermal insulation functions were used for wears in the 1980s. For the jacket especially, functionality was enhanced sith zippers, snaps and velcro to prevent cold air penetration in the 1990s. Florescent piping decorations and logo decorations, and prints and colors which reflected the trend, were used to emphasize fashionity and decorativeness in the 2000s. Second, Sophisticated image emphasized urban feeling with toned-down windbreaker jackets without much detail, with down jacket and pants. Casual image expressed a relaxed feeling with windbreaker jacket, shirts, jumper, vest and pants made of cotton, mesh knit and denim. Active image emphasized functionality by brightly colored windbreaker jackets, down jacket and pants. Ethnic image expressed an exotic mood with windbreaker jackets with stylized prints, with jumper, down jacket and pants. Military image showed a strong masculine feeling with jackets adorned with epaulettes, khaki colors and camouflage prints, with jumper, T-shirts, vest, shorts and pants. Avantgarde image exuded an experimental and unique feeling with jackets made of various colors and materials, such as cotton, jersey and glossy materials, with down jacket and jersey pants.


Abstract Two industry-standard steam turbine blading steels, FV566 containing 11% Cr and FV520B containing 13.5% Cr by weight, are characterized with respect to chloride-induced pitting corrosion u...


Use sesamin in sesame oil to evaluate adulterated sesame oil purity,because the current spectroscopy,chromatography and other methods have different shortcomings,establish extraction spectrophotometric method for determination of adulterated sesame oil,methanol at 50 ℃ in accordance with the sesame oil and extraction agent extraction ratio of 1∶3,the extraction for 120 min,extraction liquid and chromogenic reagent by the ratio of 1∶3,color temperature of 30 ℃,reaction for 10 min,the maximum absorption wavelength of 510 nm to measure the sesame oil purity in the adulterated sesame oil,method of standard deviation of less than 0.55%,and the recovery rate ranges from 99.2% to 104.7%,the method is applied to the evaluation of various brands of pure sesame oil and blend sesame oil.


This article deals with the formation process of the traditions concerning the three patriarchs from the book of Genesis. It can already be stated that the traditions of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were initially formed independently of one other. The chronological priority should be assigned to the tradition of Jacob. It was originally combined with the tradition of Isaac (in Amos), and before the exile it constituted the earliest point of reference for the search of roots and identity. It was only towards the end of the exile that the particular time and situation resulted in the local, Judaean traditions of Abraham starting to play a greater role also in the theological aspect. Abraham became then not only a model of faith, and an example of behaviour for the exiles and the repatriates, but also the first link in the chain of the three patriarchs. Some motifs in the story of Abraham may have been at that time borrowed from the traditions of Isaac (cf. Gen 26).


A virtual ECG recording system has been developed based on DAQ of USB interface and the platform of virtual instrument program of LabVIEW.The system's functions include real-time ECG waveform display,heart rate display,alarm for abnormal heart rate,ECG waveform storage and redisplay.


The economic and social costs of the COVID-19 pandemic affect society, individual investors, policy makers and all financial market participants. The COVID-19 pandemic has created shock waves in financial markets, as well as commodity prices, including oil, and the real economy. This study analyzes the short-term and long-term relations among the number of total COVID-19 cases, USA stock price index, crude oil price and economic policy uncertainty index for USA, based on daily figures between 31.12.2019 and 30.11.2020. The results of the study indicate that there are short-term and long-term cointegration between economic policy uncertainty index determinants in USA. Long-term elasticities project that a 1% increase in the number of COVID-19 cases would lead to an increase of 0.086% in USA economic policy uncertainty index, and an increase of 1% in crude oil price would lead to a decrease of 0.410% in USA economic policy uncertainty index and an increase of 1% in USA stock price index would lead to a 3.167% decrease in USA economic policy uncertainty index.


An analysis based investigation of aluminum with metal matrix composite selectively reinforced single - and multi -hole specimens was performed and their results compared with results from geom etrically comparable non -reinforced specimens. All reinforced specimens exhibited a significant increase in performance. Performance increase of up to 170 percent was achieved. Specimen failure modes were consistent with results from reinforced polymeri c matrix composite specimens. Localized reinforcement application (circular) proved as effective as a broader area (strip) reinforcement. Also, selective reinforcement is an excellent method of increasing the performance of multi -hole specimens.


O ver the past decade, much of the nation's patent reform debate has focused on the belief that many patent infringement jury awards have been excessive. Based on that belief, courts, Congress, and commentators have weighed in on the debate and offered various ways to mitigate the perceived risk of excessive damages awards in patent infringement actions. For its part, the appellate court with national jurisdiction over patent cases, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, issued a series of decisions to allay the fears of Congress that large damages awards by juries were often left unchecked by the courts. Those decisions call for rigor in the presentation and analysis of claims for reasonable-royalty damages. For example, in Lucent Technologies Inc. v. Gateway Inc., the Federal Circuit applied two different principles in overturning a reasonable-royalty damages award of $358 million. First, the court held the patent owner Lucent did not satisfy the Entire Market Value Rule (''EMVR''). Under that long-standing rule, a patentee who seeks damages based on the entire market 1 See, e.g., Senate Report on the Patent Reform Act of 2009, S. Rep. 111-18, at 8 (May 12, 2009).


The allelic expression of mouse IL‐2 cannot be definitely extrapolated to what might happen in humans. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of allelic expression of the IL‐2 gene in non‐genetically manipulated human T lymphocytes by following natural allelic polymorphisms. We found a phenotypically silent punctual change in the human IL‐2 at position 114 after the first nucleotide of the initiation codon, which represents a dimorphic polymorphism at the first exon of the IL‐2 gene. This allowed the study by single‐cell PCR of the regulation of the human IL‐2 allelic expression in heterozygous CD4+ T cells, which was found to be tightly controlled monoallelically. These findings may be used as a suitable marker for monitoring the IL‐2 allelic contribution to effector activities and in immune responses against different infections or in pathological situations.


A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during Kharif, 2017 to study the genetic parameters for yield and yield attributes in bottle gourd germplasm. Thirty two genotypes were evaluated with three replications in Randomized Block Design. The genotypes exhibited significant differences for all the traits under study. A wide range of variability along with high estimates of PCV and GCV was observed for number of nodes per plant, internode length, node at which first female flower appearance, weight of the fruit (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), flesh thickness (mm), rind thickness (mm), yield per plant (kg) and total yield (t ha), indicating high variability available among the germplasm for these characters for further improvement. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for total vine length (m), number of primary branches per plant, number of nodes per plant, internode length (cm), days to first male flower appearance, node at which first female flower appears, number of fruits per plant, weight of the fruit (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), flesh thickness (mm), rind thickness (mm), yield per plant (kg), total yield (t ha) and total soluble solids. The results indicated that these characters had additive gene effect and therefore, these are more reliable for effective selection for their further improvement.


N. Salvador, A. Gómez Garreta and M.A. Ribera Siguan. 2008. Characterization of two frequently confused species, Bonnemaisonia asparagoides and Bonnemaisonia clavata (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta), on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Phycologia 47: 177–190. DOI: 10.2216/07-24.1 The similar morphology of Bonnemaisonia clavata and Bonnemaisonia asparagoides and the rarely reported vegetative and reproductive characters of the former have resulted in considerable difficulty distinguishing these two taxa as well as uncertainty concerning the taxonomic status of B. clavata. We have reassessed the relationship between these two species using both morpho-anatomical and molecular data. Observations on gametophytes confirm a suite of distinguishing features including structure of the thallus (monopodial vs sympodial), axial cell size, presence or absence of a spiral trichogyne, pericarp symmetry and number of carposporangia per cystocarp. Investigation of the 'Hymenoclonium' prostrate phase developed from cultured carpospores provided additional distinguishing characters including carpospore germination pattern and morphology of 'Hymenoclonium' developmental stages. The characteristics utilized by previous authors to distinguish B. asparagoides and B. clavata are discussed and evaluated. Partial chloroplast-encoded rbcL sequences for B. clavata and B. asparagoides were 7.66% different. This level of divergence supports the morphological evidence that B. clavata and B. asparagoides are distinct species.


This paper provides a novel multi mode interleaver which satisfies all the modulation schemes used in 802.16e. The proposed model is finite state machine based address generation with efficient use of FPGA memory block for storing the read and write address. In terms of maximum operating frequency finite state machine based address generation performs better as compared to the existing technique. Proposed design supports computation of interleaver address dynamically.


Reactions between Cd(NO3)2·6H2O and N,N'-bis(3-pyridyl)urea (3bpu)/N,N'-bis(4-pyridyl)urea (4bpu) with a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio under various solvent systems (polar/nonpolar) afforded four discrete coordination complexes, namely, [{(H2O)2Cd(3bpu)4}·(NO3)2·2H2O·X] 1, [{(H2O)2Cd(3bpu)4}·(NO3)2] 3, [{(H2O)2Cd(3bpu)4}·(NO3)2·2H2O·p-xylene] 4, [{(H2O)2 (NO3)2Cd(μ-4bpu)2}] 8, and four coordination polymers, namely, [{(H2O)3(NO3)Cd(μ-3bpu)}·(NO3)·H2O·1/2o-xylene]n 2, [{(H2O)3(NO3)Cd(μ-3bpu)}·(NO3)·X]n 5, [{(NO3)2Cd(μ-3bpu)2}]n 6, [{(H2O)(NO3)Cd(μ-4bpu)2}·(NO3)·EtOH·nitrobenzene]n 7, which were mainly characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The effect of solvents, conformational flexibility, and positional isomerism of the ligands on the various isomerisms (supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism) is discussed.


In policy-based networks, two or more policies often have to cooperate because combined and customized network func- tions must be controlled using policies. Two types of policy trans- formation, policy fusion and policy division, are sometimes required to implement cooperating policy systems on high-performance hardware routers. Policy fusion transforms two or more policies into one, and policy division transforms a policy into two or more policies. These transformations causes a problem that the original policies must usually be strongly constrained to allow these trans- formations. This paper shows a method for resolving restrictions on the division of QoS policies by a software-hardware integration, i.e., by implementing virtual flow labels (flow IDs) in hardware and by dividing a policy and deploying the policies onto two filter blocks. We have developed a policy agent (PEP) and a gigabit router integrated by using this method. Both high-performance and flexibility are achieved by this integration.


The tension tests have been conducted for the materials of welding centre and heat affected zone, which come from welded joints in thick steel plate under two welding crafts. The tension curves of these materials are all belong to ideal elastic-plasticity. Hence the mechanical properties for materials of welded joints conform with the assumption of CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) theory developed by Wells. So the applicability of evaluating the toughness of welded joint with CTOD test has been verified. Two methods, the "Parental Metal-Method" and "Analogy-Method", have been developed for determining the acceptable value of CTOD in steel structure,and these two methods can be used to determine the index of toughness of welded joints reasonably in design and fabrication of steel structures.


Objective
To explore life experience in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with the habit of exercise for more than 5 years, to enhance the confidence of participating in the rehabilitation in other patients, to help the medical staff pay more attention to guide the patients with COPD to take up the rehabilitation exercise.

Methods
The narrative research method in qualitative research was used to analyze the collected data.

Results
The study found that the coping approach of the contradiction between exercise and dyspnea, the ability to live together with the disease peacefully and the enthusiasm of persuing life were deserved to be learned.

Conclusions
Full of perseverance and persisted rehabilitation exercise may alleviate the symptoms, reduce the number of acute exacerbation of COPD and improve the quality of life for COPD patients. Medical staff should encourage COPD patients to participate in the rehabilitation in the right time with appropriate methods.

Key words:
Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Rehabilitation; Qualitative research


Through this study, we intend to improve the utilization of hyperspectral high-capacity data feature information by reducing the dimension of neural network inputs in embedded systems. Through the number of bands clustered into subsets due to differences in maximum and minimum values for each band, the unique number of band selections and bands are determined for each data set by applying band selection algorithms in each subset. Unlike RGB images, hyperspectral images are used to identify objects collected as information on an electromagnetic spectrum, It is used for exploration of objects or materials because it has more information than general images. A band selection technique is used to reduce the amount of information on the hyperspectral image to be processed. Existing band selection techniques are statistics-based heuristic techniques[3, 8] that take a long time and often lack generality and universality. To compensate for this, in this paper, representative bands for each data set are selected and used for band selection through Discrete Range among quantization concepts. Through the experimental results, the proposed technique showed that the execution time was much faster than the existing band selection method, and the performance accuracy was similar to that of the original, even though the number of bands was reduced from 1/7 to 1/10.


Capsules and seeds of C.deserticola were used to study the seed yield and quality of C.deserticola by topping.The results showed:(1) the number of effective capsules per plant of bud stage topping and early flowering stage topping reduced 16.88% and 9.07%,the single capsule weight increased 9.45% and 14.17%.(2) the seed weight per capsule of bud stage topping and early flowering stage topping increased 27.34% and 30.47%,the 1 000-grain weight increased 24.69% and 15.12%,the proportion of large seeds(0.7 mm) increased 24.85% and 31.12%.(3) the seed yield per plant of bud stage topping and early flowering stage topping reduced 6.97% and increased 18.15%.(4) the seed plumpness of bud stage topping and early flowering stage topping increased 18.90% and 18.35%,germination rate increased 13.34% and 15.34%.Therefore,the early flowering stage topping improved the seed yield and quality of C.deserticola.


The development of game theory widens the sphere of economic research and enriches economic methodology.As far as its present application is concerned,research in non-cooperative games still plays a leading role.Real life,however,in variably reflects cooperation: cooperation is the mainstream.Martin Shubik,an expert in cooperative games,presents a different game theory from a whole new cooperative perspective.He illustrates the basic meaning of cooperative games in his market game model and applies it in political,economic and social fields,enriching its sphere of application.


—Based on Constitutional Court verdict Number 55 / PUU-XVII / 2019 which was released out on February 26, 2020, ordering the implementation of concurrent general elections. In 2019 was the first experience of holding general elections simultaneously with 5 (five) boxes and 5 (five) types of ballots, namely the presidential election, the election for members of the People's Representative Council, the Provincial Regional People's Representative Council, the Regency /City Regional People's Representative Council, and Regional Representative Council simultaneous nationally. This simultaneous general election system is extremely complicated in the process. It is not only complex but also takes a lot of victims based on experience in 2019 due to the large workload of the organizers. The massiveness and size of this democratic party caused difficulties for the organizers of both the general election commission, the election supervisory body, and the honorary council of election organizers in carrying out their duties. Not to mention, in 2024 the simultaneous general elections in Indonesia will not only be elections at the national level but also include elections at the regional level to elect governors, regents / mayors. Every general elecation event always ends in a dispute over the results of the general election. The Constitutional Court as a state institution that had the authority to settle disputes over the results of general elections (Article 24 C of the 1945 Constitution) will certainly reap the same impact if all disputed results are submitted to the Constitutional Court simultaneously. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Court is the last resort in upholding electoral justice. This paper uses a normative juridical research approach to concepts, theories and legislation. The data used are secondary data with primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This paper tries to answer the challenges of concurrent election dispute resolution in 2024 by providing an idea of limiting margins to file a lawsuit, and a dismissal process that involves academics at the local level to handle disputed cases of results in regional head elections both governors, regents or mayors.


The energy situation in both process industries andpower plants is changing. It is becoming interesting toperform system analysis on how to integrate gasificationinto chemical recovery systems in t ...


Diagnosis. This new species is allied to Paraneopsylla ioffi Tiflov, 1937, but differs from the latter by the following characters: (1) distal arm of the 9th sternite of male with anterior margin distinctly convex, with posterior margin only slightly concave instead of being sinuate and with a broadly rounded apex without any dorsal angle; (2) crochet of aedeagus bearing a globular membranous structure at base and a membranous extension near apex; (3) upper lobe of the apical margin of the 7th sternite of female somewhat more protruding but narrower.Types. Holotype a male measuring 3.3 mm long, allotype a female 3.8 mm long, together with 2(?) and 3 (?) paratypes all taken in August, 1959 ex Alticola barak-shin from Gobi-Altai, Hu-dian, South Sinkiang; and 2(?) and 1(?) paratypes ex Microtus juldaschi and Cricetulus migratorous in the same season and locality.


Morphological and cultural studies were made on Basidiobolus cultures isolated from human patients in Uganda and India (Wilson, 1961; Mukerji, 1963) and saprophytic strains isolated from soil, plant detritus, etc. These were compared with the Indonesian strain described by Lie-Kian-Joe, Njo-Injo Tjoei Eng, Pohan, Van Der Meulen & Emmons (1956). All strains are characterised by smooth-walled zygospores and are thus quite distinct from Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam, which has undulate to warty zygospores. The Uganda isolate and the pathogenic and saprophytic isolates from India have similar zygospore measurements 25 to 43 μ in diameter, while the Indonesian strain has slightly larger zygospores (30 to 50 μ) which might be of varietal significance. The other characters such as degree of development of aerial mycelium, conidiophores and conidia, cleavage of conidial and mycelial contents to form endospores, etc., are influenced by cultural conditions and from taxonomic point of view are not valuable. In view of ...


This paper analyses the multimedia industry in the central Shanghai.It seeks to understand the relationship between industry distribution and location decision-making of multimedia industry in Shanghai.Firstly this paper introduces the definition of the multimedia industry,its development at present and the five industrial parks of the multimedia industry in the central Shanghai.The result shows the principle of the "Government leads" is outstanding in the progross of the industry distribution.Later it analyses the characteristics of enterprises' location decision-making on the ground of selecting six kinds of multimedia enterprises.The location decision-making presents a spatial agglomeration characteristic.Lastly this paper analyses the relationship between industry distribution and location decision-making of multimedia industry in detail and it concludes that the keys to develop the multimedia industry are to renew the role of the government and build the regional network of innovation.


According to the 196~th clause in criminal law of our country,the crime of the credit card fraud means that the actor takes various kinds of ways to fraud by utilizing the credit card for occupying illegally and has procured the larger quantity of property. In the judicial practice, we should take notice of several problems in concluding crime of the credit card fraud. The first problem is the boundary about crime and non-crime.The second problem is the way of stealing and using others' credit card.The third problem is the way of overdrawing maliciously.


This article examines entrepreneurial leadership from two perspectives. The first is from outside the organization, aimed at responding to customers' and markets' needs in order to create added value and to gain competitive advantages. The second perspective is from inside the organization, seeking to explore the entrepreneur's endogenous factors in which values and practices must acquire priority to give meaning to the workforce, generate trust through empowerment, obtain personal credibility, ensure equilibrium between rationality and intuition, and administer a life project oriented toward community service.


PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION knitting, AT LEAST IN A HIGH STRETCH IN THE DIRECTION OF knitted from at least one section (S1, S3), MESH FORM IN THE HIGHEST PART OF EVERY SECOND NEEDLE AND MAKE UP BASED IN CONJUNCTION section (S2), wherein each needle forms Malla.


It is shown that for every primitive recursive sequence {mi}∞i=0 of positive integers, there is an ackermannic sequence {ni}∞i=0 of positive integers such that for every partition of the product ?∞i=0ni into two Borel pieces, there are sets Hi?ni with |Hi|=mi such that the subproduct ?∞i=0Hi is included in one of the pieces.


Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults. Disorders of salt and water balance are the most commonly recognized medical complications in the immediate post-TBI period and contribute to early morbidity and mortality. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of acute (during hospital stay) and chronic posterior pituitary dysfunction in patients of head injury admitted at our tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Prospective, Observational study. Participants: 136 patients, attending tertiary care in North India with TBI with radiological evidence of head injury. Methodology: The severity of brain injury was assessed by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score at the time of admission. Lab measurements, apart from routine CBC and biochemical tests, included tests of serum and urinary osmolality, serum sodium, cortisol, and thyroid function test during the hospital stay. All patients were monitored closely during the hospital stay. Surviving patients were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Urinary output and water deprivation tests were done to determine chronic posterior pituitary dysfunction. The results were compared against normative data obtained from 25 matched, healthy controls. Serum & urinary osmolality was measure by the freezing point method. Diabetes insipidus (DI) and Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) were diagnosed according to standard criteria. Results: Of 136 patients admitted, 61 (44.85%) had a mild head injury (GCS, ≤8), 47 (35.55%) had a moderate injury (GCS, 9-12), and 27 (19.85%) had a severe injury (GCS, 13-15). DI occurred in 10 patients (7.4%), while SIADH was observed in 4 patients in the immediate TBI period. Risk factors for diabetes insipidus were GCS of ≤ 8 at admission, midline shift, and surgical intervention. DI was an independent risk factor for death. There was a negative correlation between the presence of DI and GCS score (r, -0.367). Most of the patients with DI (8 out of 10) died during the hospital stay. One patient persisted to have partial diabetes insipidus and another one SIADH at three months post-TBI; both patients had recovered at six months of follow-up. No new case of DI or SIADH occurred on the follow up to 12 months. Conclusion: The incidence of acute DI in severe head injury (GCS ≤ 8) could be an indicator of the severity of TBI, and associated with increased mortality as most of our patients died during the hospital stay.


In order to to derify application value of RVA profile characteristics in evaluating rice quality. Two different panicle type japonica rice cultivars,which were divided into 27 grain positions,were applied to study relationship between RVA profile characteristics and other quality traits in grain positions. The results showed that head rice percentage and grain length had extremely significantly positive correlation with peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity and breakdown. Chalky grain percentage,chalkiness degree,total protein content,albumin content,prolamin content,glutelin content,fatty acid content had extremely significantly negative correlation with peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity,breakdown,and had extremely significantly positive correlation with setback. Globulin content showed the opposite regularity. Taste quality,amylose content and gel consistence had extremely significantly positive correlation with peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity,breakdown,and had extremely significantly negative correlation with setback.In particular, two coefficient parameters with larger peak viscosity and breakdown were larger. RVA Profile Characteristics could closely reflect rice quality. Peak viscosity and breakdown of grains on a second branch at lower part could be used as assisted selection indicators of good japonica rice.


Syn the tic ape rture radar ( SA R ) is theo re tica lly based on un ifo rm rectilinear m o tion. Bu t in rea l s itua tions, the flig h t canno t be kept in a unifo rm rectilinear m o tion due to m any facto rs. Th ere fo re, the m o tion com pensa tion is needed to ach ieve the h ighreso lu tion im age. T his pape r propo se s an im p roved m o tion info rm at ion senso r ( M IS ) -ba sed on g loba l nav ig a tion sta te llite sy s tem ( GNSS ) and strapdow n ine rt ia l nav ig a tion sy s tem ( S IN S ) fo r SAR m o tion com pensat ion. M IS can prov ide th e long-te rm ab so lu te accu racy, and the sh o rt-te rm h igh re la tiv e accu racy du r ing SAR im ag ing. M any issues re la ted to M IS, such a s sy stem design, e rro r m ode ls and nav ig ation a lgo r ithm s, a re stre ssed. E xpe r im en ta l resu lts show tha t M IS can p rov ide accu rate nav ig a tion in fo rm ation ( po sitio n, v elo city and a ttitude) to m ee t the requirem en ts o f SA R m o tion com pen sa tion. E specia lly, M IS is su itab le fo r the case: the accura cy o f a irp lane m aste r ine r tia l nav ig a tion sy stem is too low o r no t conf igured.


How do we know when, with whom and in what context to use a particular sign? Most traditional explanatory dictionaries of oral languages provide clarifying labels indicating the connotation and/or usage of specific words, e.g. archaic, neologism, offensive, euphemism, etc. These clarifying labels are, however, lacking in most sign language lexicographic research. In a continuing effort to improve online sign dictionaries, the expertise center for Flemish Sign Language (the VGTC) is currently conducting preliminary research towards a detailed label system and accompanying methodology suited for sign languages. The objective of this project is two-fold: 1) adapting our electronic lexical database and the online dictionary to make displaying these labels possible, and 2) compiling a practical set of labels primarily suited to Flemish Sign Language (VGT), as well as detailing a functional methodology to determine when (and which) labels of the aforementioned label set should be allocated to which signs. For the latter, a combination of corpus-based analysis and community-based approaches is proposed. This exploratory study has contributed to our wider understanding of label sets and their use, and it has reopened the discussion of languageand modality-specific labels.


In the emerging field of nanobiotechnology, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has already established as a key building block with versatile properties. In the present thesis, self-organising and controllable nanoactuators and a functional "nanomachine", consisting of artificially synthesised short DNA strands, have been designed and characterised. The techniques employed for the construction and analysis of the DNA nanodevices are from the field of physics and biochemistry.

The essential results of this work are:

• Characterisation of the DNA tweezers in their open and closed configuration by the means of single-molecule fluorescence measurements. Hence the distribution of the transfer efficiency could be determined for both states and the influence of salt concentration on the distribution in the open state. Based on these results, the distributions of the distances between the dye molecules (and therefore the distances between both arms of the tweezers) could be calculated. For the closed state three subpopulations have been found.
• The successful integration of gold nanoparticles into switchable DNA actuators. Here, the fluorescence emission of dyes was measured whose distance to a gold nanoparticle was varied by the DNA actuator. The bulk experiments showed that gold nanoparticles can be effectually used as quenchers for the fluorescent dyes in DNA nanoactuators to monitor distance changes ≥ 10 nm.
• The existing concepts for the operation of nanomechanical DNA machines could be employed for the construction of the first switchable aptamer. Switchable aptamers fulfil the function of binding and releasing a protein or other molecules reversibly in a controlled way. In the present project, a molecular machine based on a DNA aptamer was constructed that can cyclically bind to the human protein thrombin and release it upon addition of fuel strands. In fact, one can imagine the developed aptamer machine as a specific "molecular claw". The mode of operation of this switchable aptamer was verified and characterised by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence anisotropy measurements. To study the kinetics of the release of thrombin in detail the binding constant of the aptamer machine has been determined using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements. A model of the single reaction steps has been put up, simulated numerically and fitted to the experimentally obtained curves.

The combination of the operation principle of DNA based nanomechanical devices with the binding properties of DNA aptamers greatly expands the scope for the design and construction of further functional DNA nanodevices. It is assumed that in the near future single-molecule measurements will be increasingly employed within the development of DNA nanomachines and actuators to gain insight in the actually existing structures of these devices.


The study reported here employed a mixed factorial design to experimentally investigate the effects of message format on memory for the source of information. Political messages were presented in 3 types of formats: conventional political ads, news-like political ads, and news stories. Memory for the source of information was measured directly after exposure and a week later. The results of the experiment suggest that format and time had a significant effect on memory for the source. Subjects identified the source of information with -about the same level of accuracy across formats right after exposure. A week later, subjects were significantly more inept at attributing information contained in news-like ads to its source than doing so for conventional ads and news stories. At that point, information presented in news-like ads was incorrectly attributed to news about 70% of the time.


A new genus and species, Phalloleucon abyssalis, of the cumacean family Leuconidae from the Peru Basin is introduced. The new genus is characterised in having penial lobes and one pair of pleopods in males. It is suggested that the species Eudorella redacticruris Watling and McCann, 1997 is transfered into a new leuconid genus: Pseudeudorella.


The relation between the aerobic and the anaerobic production of carbon dioxid has been the subject of much discussion and is still far from settled. It would seem that the problem can be attacked by comparing the aerobic and the anaerobic behavior of the same organism under a variety of conditions which affect respiration. If the aerobic and the anaerobic methods of production of carbon dioxid are essentially alike, they should vary in similar fashion when subjected to such influences. But if they are fundamentally different, this fact should become clear when a sufficient variety of conditions has been studied. No quantitative studies of this kind have yet been made, so far as the writer is aware, with the exception of a recent paper by Lyon.' The present paper describes a quantitative investigation of the effect of certain anesthetics upon the production of carbon dioxid by wheat. No attempt has been made to investigate the subject in all its bearings, since the purpose was merely to make certain exploratory experiments in order to discover whether any striking differences exist in the behavior toward reagents under aierobic and anaerobic conditions. The method employed is that described by Osterhout.2 In the anaerobic experiments the oxygen was driven out of the apparatus as far as possible by means of a current of nitrogen (from a cylinder of compressed nitrogen). Before entering the apparatus it passed in succession through a series of towers containing (NH4)2C03, conqentrated NH40H plus copper gauze, and dilute H2S04. The current of nitrogen was allowed to flow through the apparatus for half an hour before starting the experiment. A bottle of alkaline pyrogallol was placed in the apparatus; through this the circulating gas constantly bubbled. If it became so dark as to indicate leakage of oxygen from outside, the experiment was rejected. Not infrequently there was some darkening during the course of an experiment, indicating the presence of traces of oxygen, which, however, were so promptly removed by the pyrogallol that they did not appear to interfere with the results.3


Abstract Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey is best known nowadays as the author of The Crossbow (1903) which remains a reliable introduction to the study of this weapon. Based on experiments with mediaeval weapons he had restored and the work of two research assistants it covers the development of the weapon from the early middle ages to the nineteenth century. He also made scale models and one third replicas of ancient ballistas, which he tested on his estate at Thirkleby, Yorkshire and at Fort Belan, adjacent to the Menai straits. Using a crossbow he shot an arrow and hurled a stone ball from a ballista, over the narrows, a distance of about a quarter of a mile. Arrowthrowing, shooting with the Turkish composite bow as well as the Indian quoit and the boomerang all demonstrate an interest not only in exotic and unusual weapons but also in the science of ballistics. This he showed to friends at Thirkleby, to enthusiastic audiences at the Royal Toxophilite Society meetings and more formally at the Royal Institution in 1908. The text of his lecture was subsequently printed and is reproduced here. These ballistic experiments led to the design of a golf ball with a reticulated surface and his unique 'roller' golf club.


In modern industry, information technologies (IT) – electronic systems of design, modeling, production management systems, control systems and inventory accounting-play an increasingly important role. Metallurgical production is no exception. To date, quality and efficiency issues are very topical, especially in light of energy saving issues. The very concept of quality should be understood not only as the quality of the material or products, but more widely – the standard ISO 9000 includes, in the definition of this term, the quality of the process or management. In the rolling mills of the metallurgical industry, there is a task associated with the shipment of rolled metal at lengths. From the practice of producing simple profile shapes, it is known that more than a third of the reasons for product rejection is unplugged. The performed researches on the formation of a qualitative process for the production of sorted rolling products is now developing in the development of a similar solution. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of rolling production through the use of modern information technology. In the process of cutting the strip at moderate lengths, imbalances are formed - products that do not match the ordered length, that is, in essence, there is a shortage. In the design of modern high-grade rolling mills, the division of rolling mills is used and return to the rolling mills with a maximum of two rolled threads, which are divided into pure and single-strand. This is due to increased requirements for the accuracy of the size of the finished rolled. On modern varietal states are widely used automation systems of rolling cages, which control the parameters of rolling: compression, tension, temperature rumbling, speed. The conducted analytical studies allow us to conclude that at the present stage of the development of roll-forming production, it is necessary to create a modern software that can take into account all the factors that affect the quality on the efficiency of the production process. The analysis of these factors is carried out, the influence of external and internal factors on the product is analyzed, the most significant factors are identified.


Abstract Background Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) form a group of rare cancers which accounts for around 1% of tumours. Although up to 15% of patients respond in immunotherapy trials, there are no biomarkers predicting response of STS to checkpoint blockade therapies yet. Methods We analysed transcriptomic data of 4 publicly available cohorts, accounting for more than 600 STS. We used MCP-counter, a deconvolution method to estimate the tumour microenvironment (TME) composition Based on MCP-counter estimates, we established a robust immune classificationof STS tumors into 5 Sarcoma Immune Classes, labelled A, B, C, D and E. These classes exhibited different type and extents of TME. We validated the profiles of these 5 groups on a 72-patients cohort using immunohistochemichal (IHC) stainings for CD3, CD8, CD20 and CD34. Results One group (A: 23.3% of tumours) exhibits a very low to low immune infiltrate for all TME cell types. Another class (C: 14.5% of all tumours) displays moderate immune infiltrate and a strong presence of endothelial cells. Finally, another group (E: 15.6%) is highly infiltrated by all immune cell types. The two remaining groups (B: 27.4% and D: 19.4%) are heterogeneous, respectively rather highly and lowly infiltrated. The immune high group E is associated with an overexpression of several immune checkpoint genes: PDCD1 (PD-1), CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), LAG3, HAVCR2 (TIM-3), CTLA4. On 72 patients, we showed that the immune-high group could be identified by the IHC-visible presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), defined as T cell aggregates juxtaposing B cell aggregates. The immune-high group also exhibited prolonged overall survival as compared with other groups. Using data from a phase II clinical trial with pembrolizumab, we show that responders can be identified as class E tumours, therefore allowing patient selection. Conclusions We have defined a novel immune-based classification of STS into 5 classes, among which an immune-high group characterized by a strong infiltration by all immune cell and expression of immune checkpoints, presence of TLS and longer overall survival. This class groups responders to PD-1 blockade in a phase II clinical trial. Legal entity responsible for the study INSERM. Funding Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, the University of Paris, Sorbonne University, the Programme Cartes d'Identite des Tumeurs (CIT) from the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut National du Cancer (HTE-INSERM plan cancer, C16082DS), Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC), Cancer Research for Personalized Medecine programme, "FONCER contre le cancer" programme, Labex Immuno-Oncology, the National Institute of Health, Moon Shot program at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, National Taiwan University, Merck, Inc, SARC, Sarcoma Foundation of America, and the QuadW Foundation. Disclosure T.W. Chen: Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Eisai; Advisory / Consultancy: Lilly. M.A. Burgess: Advisory / Consultancy: EMD Serono; Advisory / Consultancy: Immune Design; Advisory / Consultancy: Eisai. J. Wargo: Advisory / Consultancy: Merck; Advisory / Consultancy: BMS; Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy: AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Advisory / Consultancy: Genentech; Advisory / Consultancy: Illumina. H.A. Tawbi: Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): BMS; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Merck; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Genentech; Research grant / Funding (self): Celgene; Research grant / Funding (self): GSK. W.H. Fridman: Advisory / Consultancy: MedImmune; Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy: Servier; Advisory / Consultancy: Pierre Fabre. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


This paper studied the influence of trace organic pollutants DDT and PCBs on the activity of catalase and the dehydrogenase,two important enzymes in soil,under simulating conditions.The result indicated that DDT and PCBs with different concentrations tended to produce different suppressions over soil enzyme.The activity of catalase decreased obviously on the 7th day,while,the activity of dehydrogenase suffered strong suppression on the 21st day,they both made recoveries to some degree on the 28th day.Synergistic effect did not exist in the influence of trace DDT and PCBs on soil ecology,and the concentration of DDT had a determinant effect on its suppression rate over microorganisms and enzyme activities.


Abstract : This paper reports on activity log data collected during Boxtop 1/95. Boxtop aircrew flew a fixed three-shift, three-airplane schedule repeating every 48 hours. A two-page activity log was used to collect data from 41 aircrew and wrist actigraphs were used to provide a second source of information from 18 aircrew. Information was collected on sleep length, hours awake before flying, hours continuously awake, mood, alertness and sleep quality. Significant differences were found between shifts, particularly the night shift which scored lower on mood, sleep quality, and alertness on awakening. Afternoon crews were up longer before flying and at their last touch-down of a work cycle, on average, than morning or night crews.


This study aimed to identify joint trajectories of peer cyber and traditional victimization from ages 13 to 17 and individual, family, peer, and school risk factors associated with group membership. The sample was composed of 1,194 adolescents (54.2% girls). Cyber and traditional victimization were assessed at ages 13, 15, and 17. The results first revealed a low/increasing and a high/decreasing trajectories for cybervictimization and a low/decreasing and a moderate/chronic for traditional victimization. Conditional probabilities suggested that cybervictims had a high probability of being victims on school grounds, whereas traditional victims were not necessarily the target of cybervictimization. Four joint trajectory groups were also identified. With the low victimization group as the reference category, the results revealed that different sets of predictors were associated with membership in the three other joint trajectory groups. The results are discussed in relation to intervention and prevention strategies.


Unexplained Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) is a diagnosis where a definitive cause of death cannot be ascertained. It remains the most common diagnosis in infant death at autopsy, despite the performance of a range of investigations including histology, microbiology and chemical pathology. Of all infant deaths with a demonstrable cause, infection is the most common finding. Recent research has shown that in some cases of unexplained SUDI, there is supportive evidence of an infectious process. Recent advances in diagnostic pathology include immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, proteomics and metabolomics. However, there are few techniques, which have transitioned from clinical practice into use during autopsy. Current techniques used at autopsy in cases of sudden infant death were assessed to see whether there was support for an infectious process. This included a retrospective analysis of all infant autopsies performed at a single centre over a fourteen-year period. Also, current consensus opinion was evaluated to determine areas of diagnostic difficulty. Cohort groups of infant deaths were selected for the application of novel immunohistochemical staining and proteomic analysis from FFPE tissues. The findings indicate that infection remains the commonest identifiable cause of death in SUDI, even over a 100 year time period, supported by recent demographic data. Unexplained SUDI cases were confirmed as having an increased incidence of positive blood cultures for infections of uncertain significance, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli. Evaluation of organ weights at autopsy demonstrated no significant associations, although the thymus was smaller in cases of infectious deaths. Blood/bile acylcarnitine levels showed differential expression in 3 different cohorts. Immunohistochemical staining revealed infectious deaths had a characteristic profile of expression including upregulated C Reactive Protein and ICAM-1. Protein expression was investigated with development of an applicable technique for usage in autopsy FFPE tissue. Subsequently, a pilot study of the utilisation of proteomics in the diagnosis of SUDI was performed with effective extraction of peptides and the identification of bacterial proteins in different cohorts. This thesis has demonstrated new techniques for the investigation of SUDI with establishment of supportive evidence for infectious deaths which are applicable for future use in autopsy cases.


This study investigated the effects of concept mapping on students' achievement in Social Studies. The study area was Abakaliki Education Zone, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The design of study was quasi-experimental. The sample size was three hundred and twenty (320) JSS II (Upper Basic 8) students from four different schools randomly selected from the zone. Two schools served as control groups and were taught using conventional teaching method. The other two schools served as experimental group and were taught using the concept mapping teaching method. Data were collected using a set of Social Studies Achievement Test (SSAT). Test scores were analyzed for any statistical significant difference. Result showed that concept mapping method had no effect in the mean achievement scores of students taught social studies. Also no significant difference in mean achievement scores of students in control and experimental groups was observed. However an improvement was evident in the gain score of all the experimental schools over the control schools.


Stress fractures are relatively common in runners and must be diagnosed early to prevent serious potential complications. A 25-year-old male patient, Borderline Security Force (BSF) trainee by occupation, with complaints of pain in the bilateral thigh with no history of trauma. On evaluation found to have bilateral stress fracture of proximal femur. The systematic protocol in treatment results in favorable outcome.


In iron or steel pipelines subjected to ground shaking from wave effects, leaks are often related to corrosion and other types of chemical or physical deterioration associated with normal aging. This paper examines the performance of water, sewage and gas pipelines in Coalinga, California for five years prior to and two years after the May 1983 earthquake. It is found that water and sewer pipelines are suffering the effects of the earthquake two years later. Thus, in addition to causing prompt damage, the 1983 earthquake accelerated aging of pipeline systems which may have shortened their effective life and permanently increased maintenance costs.


The number of automobiles tends to increase in the world, which leads to an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources are sought for automobiles to reduce environmental pollution. One of the alternative sources of energy for automobiles is electricity. Electric automobiles have many advantages over internal combustion vehicles, and one of them is quiet engine operation. However, using electric automobiles in city traffic can create a lot of situations where quiet vehicles can endanger pedestrians, because pedestrians are accustomed to the sound of conventional vehicles, and electric automobiles might not be noticed by them. The main aim of the present research is to develop a methodology for measuring the sound of an electric automobile and define preconditions for the measurement under specific urban conditions. The research developed a specific methodology for measuring the sound of individual vehicles moving past the microphone, as well as a specific methodology for measuring the sound at various intersections with pedestrian crossings. The test of the methodology in non-urban traffic revealed that the converted Renault Clio generated the highest sound level – 88.6 dBA – at a speed of 90 km·h -1 , whereas the lowest sound level – 71.8 dBA – was recorded at the point closest to the microphone at a speed of 30 km·h -1 . At a distance of 30 m from the position of the microphone, the sound level decreased to 54.2 dBA at a speed of 30 km·h -1 and to 67.9 dBA at a speed of 90 km·h -1 . At the next stages, the research intends to analyse the operation of special sound devices and the usefulness of equipping electric vehicles with the devices to improve pedestrian safety.


Swimming has been an Olympic sport since the inception of the Games, with the 100, 400, and 1500 freestyles being the original events along with the 100 freestyle for sailors. While the spirit of the sport remains the same, the technology and the competitive formats have advanced tremendously through the years. The number of events contested in competition has increased to the point where the program for a typical international meet, such as the World Championships or Olympics, produces a true reflection of the best swimmers over various distances and in different strokes. The Historical Dictionary of Competitive Swimming examines the sport of swimming since its inception as a competitive athletic event. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and appendixes that detail Olympic and World Championships medal winners. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries on individuals, major competitions, and there are also entries for each of the competitive strokes and countries that have enjoyed significant success in the sport.


In this paper an organizational intervention in intergroup relations, the Stereotype Reduction Workshop, is described. Outlines of the content, group dynamic processes, theoretical underpinnings and impact of the Stereotype Reduction Workshop are presented.


We present a case of a rheumatoid patient presenting with acute signs of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results were inconclusive regarding the grade of posterior tibial tendon (PTT) tear. We performed posterior tibial tendoscopy, releasing all tendon adherences, and accomplished complete synovectomy. By the end of the procedure, we observed PTT integrity, normal excursion, and mild tendinosis. At 24-month follow-up, the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS-Pain) decreased from 9 (preoperatively) to 1. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) increased from 16% (preoperatively) to 94%. Clinically, the patient had a symmetric bilateral heel rise test and no pain over the course of the PTT. A standard radiographic assessment demonstrated a normal foot arch and hindfoot alignment. This report illustrates how posterior tibial tendoscopy can simultaneously provide accurate diagnosis and surgically address acute PTTD on a rheumatoid patient, relieving symptoms and improving midterm clinical scores. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.


There exists a paucity of empirical research that focuses on focal business network interactions that take place within the Hong Kong business environment. In an earlier study that included 10 interviews with Hong Kong Chinese traders, compatibility was identified as an important factor for the study of interactions between Mainland Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese and Western actors (Trimarchi, 1997, 2002). In this paper, an Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) approach is utilised to develop a compatibility construct to study triadic business interactions between Hong Kong Chinese intermediaries and Mainland Chinese sellers and buyers from the West. The study utilises a qualitative methodology and includes the analysis of data across 23 in-depth case interviews. Case study respondents included a rich cross section of Hong Kong Chinese, Mainland Chinese and Western actors. The results identify that even when continuity tends to be high in relationships between Hong Kong intermediaries and Mainland sellers, the existence of ongoing distance and competence problems tends to provide for low compatibility, negating the prospects for relationships development. On the other hand, in interactions between buyers from the West and Hong Kong intermediaries, it was found that high compatibility factors provide support for the notion that it may not be difficult for Westerners to develop quality business relationships with the Hong Kong Chinese.


The development of the Information and Communication Technologies (ict) applied into education has allowed teachers a wide range of tools to innovate the teaching-learning process, in which the assessment plays a very important role. This work describes the resulting experience of using Plickers an audience response tool, during the formative assessment of a student group from Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades (cch), campus Azcapotzalco, a higher education, Mexican, public, educative institution, with the purpose of knowing its effect in the assessment. Such a tool allowed to bring together a web site, a mobile device and a Quick Response markers set (qr), so that a formative assessment can take place. 25 students, in first semester, from the Compute Workshop, participated in the activity. Results showed that a fun environment was generated in the classroom, which facilitated interaction, participation, positive attitude and competitiveness among students. Additionally, this tool helped the teacher in organizing and controlling grading tasks, as well as analyzing outcomes. Consequently, and according to the observed effects along the activity, Plickers could be suggested to other teachers, in order to implement this sort of tools as an innovative assessment process.


According to WHO and several research on cancer centers 1,2,3,4 , breast cancer is one of the highest incidences in the female population. In Colombia, the frequency dropped from fifth to second place between 1972 and 2005 5 . The progressive increase in incidence and the high level of mortality have increased the number of women undergoing mastectomy as a treatment 12 . While removal of the breast, sometimes, means the end of cancer in this body area, many women got psychological sequelae. The study was conducted with twelve women, between 41 and 63 years-mastectomy; it includes variables to measure psychosocial consequences. The main results are: 50% said she was moderately affected after the procedure, 75% did not receive any rejection, 33.3% experienced changes reflected in your sex life (75%) and in the displays of affection in general (25%). In contrast to those reported in the literature, it founds as a high percentage (66.7%) feels physically as attractive as before and 83.3% believe their life will come as before.


Alkali-treated sisal fibre-incorporated silanized ZrO2 dispersed unsaturated polyester composites were fabricated with a filler loading of 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 wt%, respectively. The mechanical characterization of the composites was suitably executed at the sub-micron scale using the nanoindentation technique. Various mechanical properties were derived from the standard nanoindentation measurements namely, nanohardness, reduced modulus, recovery index, residual depth, wear rate and indentation creep, respectively. A marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the unsaturated polyester matrix due to the incorporation of the fillers (sisal and/or ZrO2) was observed through indentation-derived parameters namely, nanohardness (∼186%), reduced modulus (∼175%), recovery index (∼62%), wear rate (∼63%) and indentation creep (∼33%), respectively. A simulated dynamic mechanical analysis was performed using the sinus mode of the nanoindentation technique. A similar enhancement in the dynamic mechanical properties of the matrix was further observed through dynamic mechanical analysis as storage modulus (∼71%), loss modulus (∼60%), loss factor (∼150%) and specific damping coefficient (∼200%), respectively.


ABSTRACT Colonial Discourse in Burma: A Study of Amitav Ghosh's The Glass Palace The paper entitled ' Colonial Discourse in Burma : A Study of Amitav Ghosh's The Glass Palace ' intends to study Amitav Ghosh's The Glass Palace , probing the ideology of colonization in its various shades. Amitav Ghosh is a great literary artists and the indispensable quality of greatness found in his literary works. His continuous research and unique storytelling brings together the social, cultural and political events of the past, the far-past, the present and the future where 'history' or the 'past' shapes and re-shapes the traumatic 'present' and the 'future' of the individuals. Amitav Ghosh concentrates upon following aspects in his fictional works: violence on the people, who were uprooted and disoriented by processes never known before; imposition of Western culture on native population during European imperialism; transportation of convicts and the transplantation of native peoples through slavery and indentured labour; the exploitation of resources; forced exile of native kings, moneylenders, zamindars, wealthy people and the illegal undertaking of their property; the forceful extraction of commodities form the empire, particularly what were seen as "raw materials" for industrial expansion; the culture of consumerism and; implantation of alien values into the lives of the people etc. The article endeavors to narrate the tragedy and triumph of the native people of India and Burma against the backdrop of colonial history, which is highlighted as an authentic and reliable source of: understanding the micro-level subtleties of colonial politics; the history of teak and rubber trade; the Burmese royal family and their sad exile to India from Burma; the British Indian Army and her role in the subjugation of Burma; cultural expression in the form of violence in the narrative; psychology of the suppressed native; indentured migration and the divisive tactics of the colonizers to break up their national movement towards self-determination. Key Words: Colonialism, History, Violence, Uprooting, Imperialism, Suppressed native, Indentured migration.


Due to the advancement of mobile technologies and portable devices, new research issue in education is evolved from desktop computers to handheld devices, that is, the development of educational assessment with personalized learning system support. In this paper, an integration of student modeling system with dynamic assessment strategy and context recommendations is proposed. This combination addressed some challenging issues from the perspective of cognitive learning to reflect the fundamental needs for effective mobile student learning process through the dynamic assessment. In the presented system, the assessment tests are designed according to the instructor's specification for the selection of questions, the scoring procedure and the evaluation technique. Furthermore, the knowledge estimation model with the guessing parameter is presented. The initial system User interface is implemented with Android Platform for 3rd Generation Mobile emulator which provides a rich set of User Interfaces (UI), gestures and 2-D and 3-D graphic.


Abstract : In recent years, tensions in the South China Sea have escalated due to China's assertiveness in the territorial disputes and other claimants' responses. These evolvements have made the region one of the hot spots in the world, and could directly influence regional security and international trade. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), as the regional key stakeholder, has made efforts to defuse tensions among the claimants and seek a long-term agreement in negotiation with China for peace, stability, security and development in the region. This research examines how ASEAN, as a stakeholder of a unified block of regional states, could address the South China Sea disputes with China. It begins with the review of the nature and status of the Paracels and the Spratly Islands disputes between China, Vietnam and other claimants. The paper then uses Realism and Liberalism to analyze China's interests, strategies, policy and actions aiming at achieving its aims in the South China Sea. The paper will also evaluate ASEAN's conflict management principles, its security architectures, and its efforts in working with China to implement the Declaration of Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DoC) and negotiating for a binding Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (CoC). It ends by arguing that although ASEAN is not able to address the South China Sea disputes, it still plays the key role in managing tensions, building trust and mutual understanding, and cooperating with China to find a long-term solution which is acceptable for all South China Sea claimants.


Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are one of the stressor factors that cause many mangrove restoration projects to fail. Achieving successful rehabilitation in an ASS affected area requires an understanding of the geochemical conditions that influence the establishment and growth of mangrove seedlings. This study evaluated the effect of tidal inundation on geochemical conditions on sub layer to better understand their impacts on the density, establishment, and growth of mangrove seedlings. This study also examined the geochemical conditions under which mangrove seedlings can establish naturally, and/or be replanted in abandoned aquaculture ponds. The study area was in an area of abandoned aquaculture ponds situated in the Mare District, adjacent to Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.The pH, pHfox, redox potential, organic content, water soluble sulfate, SKCl, SPOS, and grain size of the soil from the sediment core at + 10 - 15 cm depth near roots were measured using. Pyrite analysis were conducted for the top and sub sediments. The density, establishment, and the relative root growth of Rhizophoraceae were also determined. Free tidal inundation at abandoned pond sites improved the sediment quality. The high density, establishment, and growth of mangrove seedlings were characterized by freely drained areas with a higher pH (field and oxidisable), lower organic content, and high proportion of silt/clay. Higher density and growth also correlated to reduced environments. Sulfur species did not influence the density, establishment, and growth of the seedlings directly. The supply of propagules from the mangrove stands, or access from good waterways were also important for seedlings to establish naturally.


Hydrogen is a key player in global strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to make hydrogen a widely-used fuel, we require more efficient methods of storing it than the current standard of pressurized cylinders. An alternative method is to adsorb H$_2$ in a material and avoid the use of high pressures. Among many potential materials, layered materials such as graphene present a practical advantage as they are lightweight. However, graphene and other 2D materials typically bind H$_2$ too weakly to store it at the typical operating conditions of a hydrogen fuel cell. Modifying the material, for example by decorating graphene with adatoms, can strengthen the adsorption energy of H$_2$ molecules, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. In this work, we systematically screen alkali and alkaline earth metal decorated graphene sheets for the adsorption of hydrogen gas from first principles, and focus on the mechanisms of binding. We show that there are three mechanisms of adsorption on metal decorated graphene and each leads to distinctly different hydrogen adsorption structures. The three mechanisms can be described as weak van der Waals physisorption, metal adatom facilitated polarization, and Kubas adsorption. Among these mechanisms, we find that Kubas adsorption is easily perturbed by an external electric field, providing a way to tune H$_2$ adsorption.


Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the invitro anti oxidant potential and anticancer efficacy of Thayiriya vendhan chendhuram -TVC. Methods: We have evaluated scientifically TVC for its anti cancer efficacy in human breast adenocarcinoma through in vitro cell lines studies. The viability of cells was evaluated by direct observation of cells by Inverted phase contrast microscope and followed by MTT assay method .In this study, anti oxidant potential of TVC was also evaluated with gallic acid as comparison. Results and Conclusion: From the result of the present in-vitro study it was concluded that the test drug TVC possess considerable anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activity. The study is the first step in the scientific validation of TVC for anti oxidant and anticancer potential and in use against breast adenocarcinoma.


Manalu A. 2019. Environmental health and community life patterns. In : Herlinda S et al . ( Eds ); Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2019, Palembang 4-5 September 2019. pp. 292-304. Palembang. Unsri Press. Environmental health is an ecological balance that must exist between humans and the environment in order to guarantee the health of humans (WHO). Environmental health is very important to support the lives of healthy people. The environment consists of two main elements, namely biotic and abiotic. Biotic elements are all living things such as humans, plants, animals, flora and fauna. Abiotic elements are water, air, soil, sun, wind. This research was conducted aiming to determine the effect of people's behavior and culture on the quality of environmental health carried out by qualitative descriptive methods. The condition of environmental health is not inseparable from the lifestyle, habits, culture of society, education and knowledge of environmental health. Behavior is a factor that plays a role of almost 60% in health determinants, in addition to environmental factors and is very closely related to the cultural factors of society. The habit of people disposing of hazardous waste to waterways and industry players around the watershed who dump various hazardous industrial wastes directly into the river without going through the waste treatment process causes damage to river ecosystems, and damage to rice plants due to getting contaminated water supplies of various pollutants and skin diseases. The community burns garbage mixed with hazardous materials, bushes, and burning forests to speed up the clearing of plantation land resulting in air pollution. For this reason, it is necessary to educate the community with various methods about the importance of environmental health for healthy and quality human life. Keywords: education, community culture, pollution


We discuss quantum dynamical elliptic R-matrices related to arbitrary complex simple Lie group G. They generalize the known vertex and dynamical R-matrices and play an intermediate role between these two types. The R-matrices are defined by the corresponding characteristic classes describing the underlying vector bundles. The latter are related to elements of the center of G. While the known dynamical R-matrices are related to the bundles with trivial characteristic classes, the Baxter–Belavin–Drinfeld–Sklyanin vertex R-matrix corresponds to the generator of the center ZN of SL(N). We construct the R-matrices related to SL(N)-bundles with an arbitrary characteristic class explicitly and discuss the corresponding IRF models.